fastmcp 2.2.5__py3-none-any.whl → 2.2.7__py3-none-any.whl

fastmcp/server/server.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 """FastMCP - A more ergonomic interface for MCP servers."""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import datetime
 from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Awaitable, Callable
 from contextlib import (
@@ -12,8 +14,13 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Generic, Literal
 
 import anyio
 import httpx
-import pydantic_core
 import uvicorn
+from mcp.server.auth.middleware.auth_context import AuthContextMiddleware
+from mcp.server.auth.middleware.bearer_auth import (
+    BearerAuthBackend,
+    RequireAuthMiddleware,
+)
+from mcp.server.auth.provider import OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider
 from mcp.server.lowlevel.helper_types import ReadResourceContents
 from mcp.server.lowlevel.server import LifespanResultT
 from mcp.server.lowlevel.server import Server as MCPServer
@@ -25,7 +32,9 @@ from mcp.types import (
     EmbeddedResource,
     GetPromptResult,
     ImageContent,
+    PromptMessage,
     TextContent,
+    ToolAnnotations,
 )
 from mcp.types import Prompt as MCPPrompt
 from mcp.types import Resource as MCPResource
@@ -33,8 +42,12 @@ from mcp.types import ResourceTemplate as MCPResourceTemplate
 from mcp.types import Tool as MCPTool
 from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl
 from starlette.applications import Starlette
+from starlette.middleware import Middleware
+from starlette.middleware.authentication import AuthenticationMiddleware
 from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import Response
 from starlette.routing import Mount, Route
+from starlette.types import Receive, Scope, Send
 
 import fastmcp
 import fastmcp.settings
@@ -46,6 +59,7 @@ from fastmcp.resources.template import ResourceTemplate
 from fastmcp.tools import ToolManager
 from fastmcp.tools.tool import Tool
 from fastmcp.utilities.decorators import DecoratedFunction
+from fastmcp.utilities.http import RequestMiddleware
 from fastmcp.utilities.logging import configure_logging, get_logger
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -63,7 +77,7 @@ class MountedServer:
     def __init__(
         self,
         prefix: str,
-        server: "FastMCP",
+        server: FastMCP,
         tool_separator: str | None = None,
         resource_separator: str | None = None,
         prompt_separator: str | None = None,
@@ -149,7 +163,7 @@ class TimedCache:
 
 
 @asynccontextmanager
-async def default_lifespan(server: "FastMCP") -> AsyncIterator[Any]:
+async def default_lifespan(server: FastMCP) -> AsyncIterator[Any]:
     """Default lifespan context manager that does nothing.
 
     Args:
@@ -162,8 +176,8 @@ async def default_lifespan(server: "FastMCP") -> AsyncIterator[Any]:
 
 
 def _lifespan_wrapper(
-    app: "FastMCP",
-    lifespan: Callable[["FastMCP"], AbstractAsyncContextManager[LifespanResultT]],
+    app: FastMCP,
+    lifespan: Callable[[FastMCP], AbstractAsyncContextManager[LifespanResultT]],
 ) -> Callable[
     [MCPServer[LifespanResultT]], AbstractAsyncContextManager[LifespanResultT]
 ]:
@@ -181,10 +195,17 @@ class FastMCP(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
         self,
         name: str | None = None,
         instructions: str | None = None,
+        auth_server_provider: OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider[Any, Any, Any]
+        | None = None,
         lifespan: (
-            Callable[["FastMCP"], AbstractAsyncContextManager[LifespanResultT]] | None
+            Callable[
+                [FastMCP[LifespanResultT]],
+                AbstractAsyncContextManager[LifespanResultT],
+            ]
+            | None
         ) = None,
         tags: set[str] | None = None,
+        tool_serializer: Callable[[Any], str] | None = None,
         **settings: Any,
     ):
         self.tags: set[str] = tags or set()
@@ -198,7 +219,10 @@ class FastMCP(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
         self._mounted_servers: dict[str, MountedServer] = {}
 
         if lifespan is None:
+            self._has_lifespan = False
             lifespan = default_lifespan
+        else:
+            self._has_lifespan = True
 
         self._mcp_server = MCPServer[LifespanResultT](
             name=name or "FastMCP",
@@ -206,7 +230,8 @@ class FastMCP(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
             lifespan=_lifespan_wrapper(self, lifespan),
         )
         self._tool_manager = ToolManager(
-            duplicate_behavior=self.settings.on_duplicate_tools
+            duplicate_behavior=self.settings.on_duplicate_tools,
+            serializer=tool_serializer,
         )
         self._resource_manager = ResourceManager(
             duplicate_behavior=self.settings.on_duplicate_resources
@@ -214,6 +239,15 @@ class FastMCP(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
         self._prompt_manager = PromptManager(
             duplicate_behavior=self.settings.on_duplicate_prompts
         )
+
+        if (self.settings.auth is not None) != (auth_server_provider is not None):
+            # TODO: after we support separate authorization servers (see
+            raise ValueError(
+                "settings.auth must be specified if and only if auth_server_provider "
+                "is specified"
+            )
+        self._auth_server_provider = auth_server_provider
+        self._custom_starlette_routes: list[Route] = []
         self.dependencies = self.settings.dependencies
 
         # Set up MCP protocol handlers
@@ -273,7 +307,7 @@ class FastMCP(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
         self._mcp_server.get_prompt()(self._mcp_get_prompt)
         self._mcp_server.list_resource_templates()(self._mcp_list_resource_templates)
 
-    def get_context(self) -> "Context[ServerSession, LifespanResultT]":
+    def get_context(self) -> Context[ServerSession, LifespanResultT]:
         """
         Returns a Context object. Note that the context will only be valid
         during a request; outside a request, most methods will error.
@@ -333,6 +367,50 @@ class FastMCP(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
             self._cache.set("prompts", prompts)
         return prompts
 
+    def custom_route(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        methods: list[str],
+        name: str | None = None,
+        include_in_schema: bool = True,
+    ):
+        """
+        Decorator to register a custom HTTP route on the FastMCP server.
+
+        Allows adding arbitrary HTTP endpoints outside the standard MCP protocol,
+        which can be useful for OAuth callbacks, health checks, or admin APIs.
+        The handler function must be an async function that accepts a Starlette
+        Request and returns a Response.
+
+        Args:
+            path: URL path for the route (e.g., "/oauth/callback")
+            methods: List of HTTP methods to support (e.g., ["GET", "POST"])
+            name: Optional name for the route (to reference this route with
+                Starlette's reverse URL lookup feature)
+            include_in_schema: Whether to include in OpenAPI schema, defaults to True
+
+        Example:
+            @server.custom_route("/health", methods=["GET"])
+            async def health_check(request: Request) -> Response:
+                return JSONResponse({"status": "ok"})
+        """
+
+        def decorator(
+            func: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response]],
+        ) -> Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response]]:
+            self._custom_starlette_routes.append(
+                Route(
+                    path,
+                    endpoint=func,
+                    methods=methods,
+                    name=name,
+                    include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
+                )
+            )
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
+
     async def _mcp_list_tools(self) -> list[MCPTool]:
         """
         List all available tools, in the format expected by the low-level MCP
@@ -429,7 +507,12 @@ class FastMCP(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
             messages = await self._prompt_manager.render_prompt(
                 name, arguments=arguments or {}, context=context
             )
-            return GetPromptResult(messages=pydantic_core.to_jsonable_python(messages))
+
+            return GetPromptResult(
+                messages=[
+                    PromptMessage(role=m.role, content=m.content) for m in messages
+                ]
+            )
         else:
             for server in self._mounted_servers.values():
                 if server.match_prompt(name):
@@ -444,6 +527,7 @@ class FastMCP(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
         name: str | None = None,
         description: str | None = None,
         tags: set[str] | None = None,
+        annotations: ToolAnnotations | dict[str, Any] | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         """Add a tool to the server.
 
@@ -455,9 +539,17 @@ class FastMCP(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
             name: Optional name for the tool (defaults to function name)
             description: Optional description of what the tool does
             tags: Optional set of tags for categorizing the tool
+            annotations: Optional annotations about the tool's behavior
         """
+        if isinstance(annotations, dict):
+            annotations = ToolAnnotations(**annotations)
+
         self._tool_manager.add_tool_from_fn(
-            fn, name=name, description=description, tags=tags
+            fn,
+            name=name,
+            description=description,
+            tags=tags,
+            annotations=annotations,
         )
         self._cache.clear()
 
@@ -466,6 +558,7 @@ class FastMCP(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
         name: str | None = None,
         description: str | None = None,
         tags: set[str] | None = None,
+        annotations: ToolAnnotations | dict[str, Any] | None = None,
     ) -> Callable[[AnyFunction], AnyFunction]:
         """Decorator to register a tool.
 
@@ -477,6 +570,7 @@ class FastMCP(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
             name: Optional name for the tool (defaults to function name)
             description: Optional description of what the tool does
             tags: Optional set of tags for categorizing the tool
+            annotations: Optional annotations about the tool's behavior
 
         Example:
             @server.tool()
@@ -502,7 +596,13 @@ class FastMCP(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
             )
 
         def decorator(fn: AnyFunction) -> AnyFunction:
-            self.add_tool(fn, name=name, description=description, tags=tags)
+            self.add_tool(
+                fn,
+                name=name,
+                description=description,
+                tags=tags,
+                annotations=annotations,
+            )
             return fn
 
         return decorator
@@ -728,10 +828,11 @@ class FastMCP(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
         log_level: str | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         """Run the server using SSE transport."""
-        starlette_app = self.sse_app()
+        app = self.sse_app()
+        app = RequestMiddleware(app)
 
         config = uvicorn.Config(
-            starlette_app,
+            app,
             host=host or self.settings.host,
             port=port or self.settings.port,
             log_level=log_level or self.settings.log_level.lower(),
@@ -741,39 +842,169 @@ class FastMCP(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
 
     def sse_app(self) -> Starlette:
         """Return an instance of the SSE server app."""
+        from starlette.middleware import Middleware
+        from starlette.routing import Mount, Route
+
+        # Set up auth context and dependencies
+
         sse = SseServerTransport(self.settings.message_path)
 
-        async def handle_sse(request: Request) -> None:
+        async def handle_sse(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send):
+            # Add client ID from auth context into request context if available
+
             async with sse.connect_sse(
-                request.scope,
-                request.receive,
-                request._send,  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+                scope,
+                receive,
+                send,
             ) as streams:
                 await self._mcp_server.run(
                     streams[0],
                     streams[1],
                     self._mcp_server.create_initialization_options(),
                 )
+            return Response()
+
+        # Create routes
+        routes: list[Route | Mount] = []
+        middleware: list[Middleware] = []
+        required_scopes = []
+
+        # Add auth endpoints if auth provider is configured
+        if self._auth_server_provider:
+            assert self.settings.auth
+            from mcp.server.auth.routes import create_auth_routes
+
+            required_scopes = self.settings.auth.required_scopes or []
+
+            middleware = [
+                # extract auth info from request (but do not require it)
+                Middleware(
+                    AuthenticationMiddleware,
+                    backend=BearerAuthBackend(
+                        provider=self._auth_server_provider,
+                    ),
+                ),
+                # Add the auth context middleware to store
+                # authenticated user in a contextvar
+                Middleware(AuthContextMiddleware),
+            ]
+            routes.extend(
+                create_auth_routes(
+                    provider=self._auth_server_provider,
+                    issuer_url=self.settings.auth.issuer_url,
+                    service_documentation_url=self.settings.auth.service_documentation_url,
+                    client_registration_options=self.settings.auth.client_registration_options,
+                    revocation_options=self.settings.auth.revocation_options,
+                )
+            )
 
+        # When auth is not configured, we shouldn't require auth
+        if self._auth_server_provider:
+            # Auth is enabled, wrap the endpoints with RequireAuthMiddleware
+            routes.append(
+                Route(
+                    self.settings.sse_path,
+                    endpoint=RequireAuthMiddleware(handle_sse, required_scopes),
+                    methods=["GET"],
+                )
+            )
+            routes.append(
+                Mount(
+                    self.settings.message_path,
+                    app=RequireAuthMiddleware(sse.handle_post_message, required_scopes),
+                )
+            )
+        else:
+            # Auth is disabled, no need for RequireAuthMiddleware
+            # Since handle_sse is an ASGI app, we need to create a compatible endpoint
+            async def sse_endpoint(request: Request) -> None:
+                # Convert the Starlette request to ASGI parameters
+                await handle_sse(request.scope, request.receive, request._send)  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+
+            routes.append(
+                Route(
+                    self.settings.sse_path,
+                    endpoint=sse_endpoint,
+                    methods=["GET"],
+                )
+            )
+            routes.append(
+                Mount(
+                    self.settings.message_path,
+                    app=sse.handle_post_message,
+                )
+            )
+        # mount these routes last, so they have the lowest route matching precedence
+        routes.extend(self._custom_starlette_routes)
+
+        # Create Starlette app with routes and middleware
         return Starlette(
-            debug=self.settings.debug,
-            routes=[
-                Route(self.settings.sse_path, endpoint=handle_sse),
-                Mount(self.settings.message_path, app=sse.handle_post_message),
-            ],
+            debug=self.settings.debug, routes=routes, middleware=middleware
         )
 
     def mount(
         self,
         prefix: str,
-        server: "FastMCP",
+        server: FastMCP[LifespanResultT],
         tool_separator: str | None = None,
         resource_separator: str | None = None,
         prompt_separator: str | None = None,
+        as_proxy: bool | None = None,
     ) -> None:
+        """Mount another FastMCP server on this server with the given prefix.
+
+        Unlike importing (with import_server), mounting establishes a dynamic connection
+        between servers. When a client interacts with a mounted server's objects through
+        the parent server, requests are forwarded to the mounted server in real-time.
+        This means changes to the mounted server are immediately reflected when accessed
+        through the parent.
+
+        When a server is mounted:
+        - Tools from the mounted server are accessible with prefixed names using the tool_separator.
+          Example: If server has a tool named "get_weather", it will be available as "prefix_get_weather".
+        - Resources are accessible with prefixed URIs using the resource_separator.
+          Example: If server has a resource with URI "weather://forecast", it will be available as
+          "prefix+weather://forecast".
+        - Templates are accessible with prefixed URI templates using the resource_separator.
+          Example: If server has a template with URI "weather://location/{id}", it will be available
+          as "prefix+weather://location/{id}".
+        - Prompts are accessible with prefixed names using the prompt_separator.
+          Example: If server has a prompt named "weather_prompt", it will be available as
+          "prefix_weather_prompt".
+
+        There are two modes for mounting servers:
+        1. Direct mounting (default when server has no custom lifespan): The parent server
+           directly accesses the mounted server's objects in-memory for better performance.
+           In this mode, no client lifecycle events occur on the mounted server, including
+           lifespan execution.
+
+        2. Proxy mounting (default when server has a custom lifespan): The parent server
+           treats the mounted server as a separate entity and communicates with it via a
+           Client transport. This preserves all client-facing behaviors, including lifespan
+           execution, but with slightly higher overhead.
+
+        Args:
+            prefix: Prefix to use for the mounted server's objects.
+            server: The FastMCP server to mount.
+            tool_separator: Separator character for tool names (defaults to "_").
+            resource_separator: Separator character for resource URIs (defaults to "+").
+            prompt_separator: Separator character for prompt names (defaults to "_").
+            as_proxy: Whether to treat the mounted server as a proxy. If None (default),
+                automatically determined based on whether the server has a custom lifespan
+                (True if it has a custom lifespan, False otherwise).
         """
-        Mount another FastMCP server on a given prefix.
-        """
+        from fastmcp import Client
+        from fastmcp.client.transports import FastMCPTransport
+        from fastmcp.server.proxy import FastMCPProxy
+
+        # if as_proxy is not specified and the server has a custom lifespan,
+        # we should treat it as a proxy
+        if as_proxy is None:
+            as_proxy = server._has_lifespan
+
+        if as_proxy and not isinstance(server, FastMCPProxy):
+            server = FastMCPProxy(Client(transport=FastMCPTransport(server)))
+
         mounted_server = MountedServer(
             server=server,
             prefix=prefix,
@@ -791,7 +1022,7 @@ class FastMCP(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
     async def import_server(
         self,
         prefix: str,
-        server: "FastMCP",
+        server: FastMCP[LifespanResultT],
         tool_separator: str | None = None,
         resource_separator: str | None = None,
         prompt_separator: str | None = None,
@@ -865,7 +1096,7 @@ class FastMCP(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
     @classmethod
     def from_openapi(
         cls, openapi_spec: dict[str, Any], client: httpx.AsyncClient, **settings: Any
-    ) -> "FastMCPOpenAPI":
+    ) -> FastMCPOpenAPI:
         """
         Create a FastMCP server from an OpenAPI specification.
         """
@@ -875,8 +1106,8 @@ class FastMCP(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
 
     @classmethod
     def from_fastapi(
-        cls, app: "Any", name: str | None = None, **settings: Any
-    ) -> "FastMCPOpenAPI":
+        cls, app: Any, name: str | None = None, **settings: Any
+    ) -> FastMCPOpenAPI:
         """
         Create a FastMCP server from a FastAPI application.
         """
@@ -894,7 +1125,7 @@ class FastMCP(Generic[LifespanResultT]):
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_client(cls, client: "Client", **settings: Any) -> "FastMCPProxy":
+    def from_client(cls, client: Client, **settings: Any) -> FastMCPProxy:
         """
         Create a FastMCP proxy server from a FastMCP client.
         """

fastmcp/settings.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Literal
 
+from mcp.server.auth.settings import AuthSettings
 from pydantic import Field
 from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
 
@@ -20,6 +21,8 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
         env_prefix="FASTMCP_",
         env_file=".env",
         extra="ignore",
+        env_nested_delimiter="__",
+        nested_model_default_partial_update=True,
     )
 
     test_mode: bool = False
@@ -37,6 +40,8 @@ class ServerSettings(BaseSettings):
         env_prefix="FASTMCP_SERVER_",
         env_file=".env",
         extra="ignore",
+        env_nested_delimiter="__",
+        nested_model_default_partial_update=True,
     )
 
     log_level: LOG_LEVEL = Field(default_factory=lambda: Settings().log_level)
@@ -65,6 +70,8 @@ class ServerSettings(BaseSettings):
     # cache settings (for checking mounted servers)
     cache_expiration_seconds: float = 0
 
+    auth: AuthSettings | None = None
+
 
 class ClientSettings(BaseSettings):
     """FastMCP client settings."""

fastmcp/tools/tool.py

@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import inspect
-import json
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Annotated, Any
 
 import pydantic_core
-from mcp.types import EmbeddedResource, ImageContent, TextContent
+from mcp.types import EmbeddedResource, ImageContent, TextContent, ToolAnnotations
 from mcp.types import Tool as MCPTool
 from pydantic import BaseModel, BeforeValidator, Field
 
 from fastmcp.exceptions import ToolError
 from fastmcp.utilities.func_metadata import FuncMetadata, func_metadata
-from fastmcp.utilities.types import Image, _convert_set_defaults
+from fastmcp.utilities.types import (
+    Image,
+    _convert_set_defaults,
+    is_class_member_of_type,
+)
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from mcp.server.session import ServerSessionT
@@ -39,6 +42,12 @@ class Tool(BaseModel):
     tags: Annotated[set[str], BeforeValidator(_convert_set_defaults)] = Field(
         default_factory=set, description="Tags for the tool"
     )
+    annotations: ToolAnnotations | None = Field(
+        None, description="Additional annotations about the tool"
+    )
+    serializer: Callable[[Any], str] | None = Field(
+        None, description="Optional custom serializer for tool results"
+    )
 
     @classmethod
     def from_function(
@@ -48,6 +57,8 @@ class Tool(BaseModel):
         description: str | None = None,
         context_kwarg: str | None = None,
         tags: set[str] | None = None,
+        annotations: ToolAnnotations | None = None,
+        serializer: Callable[[Any], str] | None = None,
     ) -> Tool:
         """Create a Tool from a function."""
         from fastmcp import Context
@@ -66,7 +77,7 @@ class Tool(BaseModel):
             else:
                 sig = inspect.signature(fn)
             for param_name, param in sig.parameters.items():
-                if param.annotation is Context:
+                if is_class_member_of_type(param.annotation, Context):
                     context_kwarg = param_name
                     break
 
@@ -92,6 +103,8 @@ class Tool(BaseModel):
             is_async=is_async,
             context_kwarg=context_kwarg,
             tags=tags or set(),
+            annotations=annotations,
+            serializer=serializer,
         )
 
     async def run(
@@ -112,7 +125,7 @@ class Tool(BaseModel):
                 arguments_to_validate=arguments,
                 arguments_to_pass_directly=pass_args,
             )
-            return _convert_to_content(result)
+            return _convert_to_content(result, serializer=self.serializer)
         except Exception as e:
             raise ToolError(f"Error executing tool {self.name}: {e}") from e
 
@@ -121,6 +134,7 @@ class Tool(BaseModel):
             "name": self.name,
             "description": self.description,
             "inputSchema": self.parameters,
+            "annotations": self.annotations,
         }
         return MCPTool(**kwargs | overrides)
 
@@ -132,6 +146,7 @@ class Tool(BaseModel):
 
 def _convert_to_content(
     result: Any,
+    serializer: Callable[[Any], str] | None = None,
     _process_as_single_item: bool = False,
 ) -> list[TextContent | ImageContent | EmbeddedResource]:
     """Convert a result to a sequence of content objects."""
@@ -166,23 +181,10 @@ def _convert_to_content(
 
         return other_content + mcp_types
 
-    # if the result is a bytes object, convert it to a text content object
     if not isinstance(result, str):
-        try:
-            jsonable_result = pydantic_core.to_jsonable_python(result)
-            if jsonable_result is None:
-                return [TextContent(type="text", text="null")]
-            elif isinstance(jsonable_result, bool):
-                return [
-                    TextContent(
-                        type="text", text="true" if jsonable_result else "false"
-                    )
-                ]
-            elif isinstance(jsonable_result, str | int | float):
-                return [TextContent(type="text", text=str(jsonable_result))]
-            else:
-                return [TextContent(type="text", text=json.dumps(jsonable_result))]
-        except Exception:
-            result = str(result)
+        if serializer is not None:
+            result = serializer(result)
+        else:
+            result = pydantic_core.to_json(result, fallback=str, indent=2).decode()
 
     return [TextContent(type="text", text=result)]

fastmcp/tools/tool_manager.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from collections.abc import Callable
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 from mcp.shared.context import LifespanContextT
-from mcp.types import EmbeddedResource, ImageContent, TextContent
+from mcp.types import EmbeddedResource, ImageContent, TextContent, ToolAnnotations
 
 from fastmcp.exceptions import NotFoundError
 from fastmcp.settings import DuplicateBehavior
@@ -22,8 +22,13 @@ logger = get_logger(__name__)
 class ToolManager:
     """Manages FastMCP tools."""
 
-    def __init__(self, duplicate_behavior: DuplicateBehavior | None = None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        duplicate_behavior: DuplicateBehavior | None = None,
+        serializer: Callable[[Any], str] | None = None,
+    ):
         self._tools: dict[str, Tool] = {}
+        self._serializer = serializer
 
         # Default to "warn" if None is provided
         if duplicate_behavior is None:
@@ -61,9 +66,17 @@ class ToolManager:
         name: str | None = None,
         description: str | None = None,
         tags: set[str] | None = None,
+        annotations: ToolAnnotations | None = None,
     ) -> Tool:
         """Add a tool to the server."""
-        tool = Tool.from_function(fn, name=name, description=description, tags=tags)
+        tool = Tool.from_function(
+            fn,
+            name=name,
+            description=description,
+            tags=tags,
+            annotations=annotations,
+            serializer=self._serializer,
+        )
         return self.add_tool(tool)
 
     def add_tool(self, tool: Tool, key: str | None = None) -> Tool: