exerpy 0.0.2__py3-none-any.whl → 0.0.3__py3-none-any.whl

exerpy/components/piping/valve.py

@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ import logging
 
 import numpy as np
 
-from exerpy.components.component import Component
-from exerpy.components.component import component_registry
+from exerpy.components.component import Component, component_registry
 
 
 @component_registry
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ class Valve(Component):
 
         \dot{E}_\mathrm{P} =
         \begin{cases}
-        \mathrm{not defined (nan)}
+        \text{not defined (nan)}
         & T_\mathrm{in}, T_\mathrm{out} > T_0\\
         \dot{m} \cdot e_\mathrm{out}^\mathrm{T}
         & T_\mathrm{in} > T_0 \geq T_\mathrm{out}\\
@@ -69,19 +68,19 @@ class Valve(Component):
         \begin{cases}
         \dot{m} \cdot (e_\mathrm{in}^\mathrm{PH} - e_\mathrm{out}^\mathrm{PH})
         & T_\mathrm{in}, T_\mathrm{out} > T_0\\
-        \dot{m} \cdot (e_\mathrm{in}^\mathrm{T} + e_\mathrm{in}^\mathrm{M} 
+        \dot{m} \cdot (e_\mathrm{in}^\mathrm{T} + e_\mathrm{in}^\mathrm{M}
         - e_\mathrm{out}^\mathrm{M})
         & T_\mathrm{in} > T_0 \geq T_\mathrm{out}\\
         \dot{m} \cdot (e_\mathrm{in}^\mathrm{M} - e_\mathrm{out}^\mathrm{M})
         & T_0 \geq T_\mathrm{in}, T_\mathrm{out}
         \end{cases}
 
-    For all cases, except when :math:`T_\mathrm{out} > T_\mathrm{in}`, the exergy 
+    For all cases, except when :math:`T_\mathrm{out} > T_\mathrm{in}`, the exergy
     destruction is calculated as:
 
     .. math::
         \dot{E}_\mathrm{D} = \begin{cases}
-        \dot{E}_\mathrm{F} & \mathrm{if } \dot{E}_\mathrm{P} = \mathrm{nan}\\
+        \dot{E}_\mathrm{F} & \text{if } \dot{E}_\mathrm{P} = \text{nan}\\
         \dot{E}_\mathrm{F} - \dot{E}_\mathrm{P} & \mathrm{otherwise}
         \end{cases}
 
@@ -115,36 +114,64 @@ class Valve(Component):
         ------
         ValueError
             If the required inlet and outlet streams are not properly defined.
-        """      
+        """
         # Ensure that the component has both inlet and outlet streams
         if len(self.inl) < 1 or len(self.outl) < 1:
             raise ValueError("Valve requires at least one inlet and one outlet.")
 
-        T_in = self.inl[0]['T']
-        T_out = self.outl[0]['T']
+        T_in = self.inl[0]["T"]
+        T_out = self.outl[0]["T"]
+
+        p_in = self.inl[0]["p"]
+        p_out = self.outl[0]["p"]
 
-        # Case-specific exergy calculations
-        if T_in > T0 and T_out > T0 and T_in > T_out:
+        # Check for zero mass flow
+        if abs(self.inl[0]["m"]) < 1e-10:
+            logging.info(f"Valve {self.name} has zero mass flow: exergy balance not considered.")
             self.E_P = np.nan
-            self.E_F = self.inl[0]['m'] * (self.inl[0]['e_PH'] - self.outl[0]['e_PH'])
-        elif T_out <= T0 and T_in > T0:
+            self.E_F = np.nan
+            self.E_D = np.nan
+            self.epsilon = np.nan
+            return
+
+        # Check if inlet and outlet are physically identical
+        if abs(T_in - T_out) < 1e-2 and abs(p_in - p_out) <= 1e-4 * max(p_in, 1e-9):
+            logging.info(f"Valve {self.name} inlet and outlet are physically identical.")
+            self.E_P = 0.0
+            self.E_F = 0.0
+            self.E_D = 0.0
+            self.epsilon = 1.0
+            logging.info(
+                f"Valve exergy balance calculated: "
+                f"E_P={self.E_P:.2f}, E_F={self.E_F:.2f}, E_D={self.E_D:.2f}, "
+                f"Efficiency={self.epsilon:.2%}"
+            )
+            return
+
+        # Case 1: Both temperatures above ambient
+        if T_in > T0 and T_out > T0:
+            self.E_P = np.nan
+            self.E_F = self.inl[0]["m"] * (self.inl[0]["e_PH"] - self.outl[0]["e_PH"])
+
+        # Case 2: Inlet above ambient, outlet below or equal to ambient
+        elif T_in > T0 and T_out <= T0:
             if split_physical_exergy:
-                self.E_P = self.inl[0]['m'] * self.outl[0]['e_T']
-                self.E_F = self.inl[0]['m'] * (self.inl[0]['e_T'] + self.inl[0]['e_M'] - 
-                                        self.outl[0]['e_M'])
+                self.E_P = self.inl[0]["m"] * self.outl[0]["e_T"]
+                self.E_F = self.inl[0]["m"] * (self.inl[0]["e_T"] + self.inl[0]["e_M"] - self.outl[0]["e_M"])
             else:
                 logging.warning(
                     "Exergy balance of a valve, where outlet temperature is smaller than "
-                    "ambient temperature, is not implemented for non-split physical exergy."
+                    "ambient temperature, is not implemented for non-split physical exergy. "
                     "Valve is treated as dissipative."
                 )
                 self.E_P = np.nan
-                self.E_F = self.inl[0]['m'] * (self.inl[0]['e_PH'] - self.outl[0]['e_PH'])
+                self.E_F = self.inl[0]["m"] * (self.inl[0]["e_PH"] - self.outl[0]["e_PH"])
 
+        # Case 3: Both temperatures below ambient
         elif T_in <= T0 and T_out <= T0:
             if split_physical_exergy:
-                self.E_P = self.inl[0]['m'] * (self.outl[0]['e_T'] - self.inl[0]['e_T'])
-                self.E_F = self.inl[0]['m'] * (self.inl[0]['e_M'] - self.outl[0]['e_M'])
+                self.E_P = self.inl[0]["m"] * (self.outl[0]["e_T"] - self.inl[0]["e_T"])
+                self.E_F = self.inl[0]["m"] * (self.inl[0]["e_M"] - self.outl[0]["e_M"])
             else:
                 logging.warning(
                     "Exergy balance of a valve, where both temperatures are smaller than "
@@ -152,14 +179,28 @@ class Valve(Component):
                     "Valve is treated as dissipative."
                 )
                 self.E_P = np.nan
-                self.E_F = self.inl[0]['m'] * (self.inl[0]['e_PH'] - self.outl[0]['e_PH'])
-        else:
+                self.E_F = self.inl[0]["m"] * (self.inl[0]["e_PH"] - self.outl[0]["e_PH"])
+
+        # Case 4: Inlet below or at ambient, outlet above ambient
+        elif T_in <= T0 and T_out > T0:
             logging.warning(
-                "Exergy balance of a valve, where outlet temperature is larger than "
-                "inlet temperature, is not implemented."
+                f"Valve {self.name} with temperature increase from below ambient to above ambient - "
+                "non-physical behavior. Treated as dissipative."
+            )
+            self.E_P = np.nan
+            self.E_F = self.inl[0]["m"] * (self.inl[0]["e_PH"] - self.outl[0]["e_PH"])
+
+        else:
+            logging.error(
+                f"Valve {self.name} encountered an unexpected condition: "
+                f"T_in={T_in:.2f} K, T_out={T_out:.2f} K, T0={T0:.2f} K. "
+                "This should not occur - exergy balance cannot be calculated."
             )
             self.E_P = np.nan
             self.E_F = np.nan
+            self.E_D = np.nan
+            self.epsilon = np.nan
+            return
 
         # Calculate exergy destruction
         if np.isnan(self.E_P):
@@ -172,35 +213,34 @@ class Valve(Component):
 
         # Log the results
         logging.info(
-            f"Valve exergy balance calculated: "
+            f"Exergy balance of Valve {self.name} calculated: "
             f"E_P={self.E_P:.2f}, E_F={self.E_F:.2f}, E_D={self.E_D:.2f}, "
             f"Efficiency={self.epsilon:.2%}"
         )
 
-
     def aux_eqs(self, A, b, counter, T0, equations, chemical_exergy_enabled):
         """
         Auxiliary equations for the valve.
-        
+
         This function adds rows to the cost matrix A and the right-hand-side vector b to enforce
         the following auxiliary cost relations:
-        
-        For T_in > T0 and T_out > T0:
+
+        For (T_in > T0 and T_out > T0) or (T_in <= T0 and T_out > T0):
             - Valve is treated as dissipative (warning issued)
-        
+
         For T_out <= T0:
         (1) 1/E_M_in * C_M_in - 1/E_M_out * C_M_out = 0
 
         - F-principle: specific mechanical exergy costs equalized between inlet/outlet
 
         - If E_M is zero for either stream, appropriate fallback coefficients are used
-        
+
         When chemical_exergy_enabled is True:
         (2) 1/E_CH_in * C_CH_in - 1/E_CH_out * C_CH_out = 0
 
         - F-principle: specific chemical exergy costs equalized between inlet/outlet
         - If E_CH is zero for either stream, appropriate fallback coefficients are used
-        
+
         Parameters
         ----------
         A : numpy.ndarray
@@ -215,7 +255,7 @@ class Valve(Component):
             Dictionary for storing equation labels.
         chemical_exergy_enabled : bool
             Flag indicating whether chemical exergy auxiliary equations should be added.
-        
+
         Returns
         -------
         A : numpy.ndarray
@@ -227,46 +267,56 @@ class Valve(Component):
         equations : dict
             Updated dictionary with equation labels.
         """
-        if self.inl[0]["T"] > T0 and self.outl[0]["T"] > T0:
-            logging.warning("This case is not implemented. The Valve should be treated as dissipative!")
-
-        elif self.outl[0]["T"] <= T0:
-            # --- Mechanical cost equation (always added) ---
-            if self.inl[0]["e_M"] != 0 and self.outl[0]["e_M"] != 0:
-                A[counter, self.inl[0]["CostVar_index"]["M"]] = 1 / self.inl[0]["E_M"]
-                A[counter, self.outl[0]["CostVar_index"]["M"]] = -1 / self.outl[0]["E_M"]
-            elif self.inl[0]["e_M"] == 0 and self.outl[0]["e_M"] != 0:
-                A[counter, self.inl[0]["CostVar_index"]["M"]] = 1
-            elif self.inl[0]["e_M"] != 0 and self.outl[0]["e_M"] == 0:
-                A[counter, self.outl[0]["CostVar_index"]["M"]] = 1
-            else:
-                A[counter, self.inl[0]["CostVar_index"]["M"]] = 1
-                A[counter, self.outl[0]["CostVar_index"]["M"]] = -1
-            equations[counter] = f"aux_{self.name}_mech_{self.outl[0]['name']}"
-            b[counter] = 0
-            counter += 1
+
+        # Check if valve is dissipative
+        if np.isnan(self.E_P):
+            logging.warning(f"Valve {self.name} is dissipative - no auxiliary equations added.")
+            return A, b, counter, equations
+
+        # Productive valve - T_out must be ≤ T0 (Cases 2 or 3)
+        # Mechanical cost equation (always added for productive valves)
+        if self.inl[0]["e_M"] != 0 and self.outl[0]["e_M"] != 0:
+            A[counter, self.inl[0]["CostVar_index"]["M"]] = 1 / self.inl[0]["E_M"]
+            A[counter, self.outl[0]["CostVar_index"]["M"]] = -1 / self.outl[0]["E_M"]
+        elif self.inl[0]["e_M"] == 0 and self.outl[0]["e_M"] != 0:
+            A[counter, self.inl[0]["CostVar_index"]["M"]] = 1
+        elif self.inl[0]["e_M"] != 0 and self.outl[0]["e_M"] == 0:
+            A[counter, self.outl[0]["CostVar_index"]["M"]] = 1
         else:
-            msg = ('Exergy balance of a valve, where outlet temperature is larger than inlet temperature is not implemented.')
-            logging.warning(msg)
-            
+            A[counter, self.inl[0]["CostVar_index"]["M"]] = 1
+            A[counter, self.outl[0]["CostVar_index"]["M"]] = -1
+        equations[counter] = {
+            "kind": "aux_equality",
+            "objects": [self.name, self.inl[0]["name"], self.outl[0]["name"]],
+            "property": "c_M",
+        }
+        b[counter] = 0
+        counter += 1
+
         if chemical_exergy_enabled:
             # --- Chemical cost equation (conditionally added) ---
-            A[counter, self.inl[0]["CostVar_index"]["CH"]] = (1 / self.inl[0]["E_CH"] if self.inl[0]["e_CH"] != 0 else 1)
-            A[counter, self.outl[0]["CostVar_index"]["CH"]] = (-1 / self.outl[0]["E_CH"] if self.outl[0]["e_CH"] != 0 else -1)
-            equations[counter+1] = f"aux_{self.name}_chem_{self.outl[0]['name']}"
+            A[counter, self.inl[0]["CostVar_index"]["CH"]] = 1 / self.inl[0]["E_CH"] if self.inl[0]["e_CH"] != 0 else 1
+            A[counter, self.outl[0]["CostVar_index"]["CH"]] = (
+                -1 / self.outl[0]["E_CH"] if self.outl[0]["e_CH"] != 0 else -1
+            )
+            equations[counter] = {
+                "kind": "aux_equality",
+                "objects": [self.name, self.inl[0]["name"], self.outl[0]["name"]],
+                "property": "c_CH",
+            }
             # Set right-hand side for both rows.
             b[counter] = 0
             counter += 1
-        
+
         return A, b, counter, equations
-            
+
     def dis_eqs(self, A, b, counter, T0, equations, chemical_exergy_enabled=False, all_components=None):
-        """
+        r"""
         Constructs the cost equations for a dissipative Valve in ExerPy,
-        distributing the valve’s extra cost difference (C_diff) to all other productive 
+        distributing the valve's extra cost difference (C_diff) to all other productive
         components (non-dissipative and non-CycleCloser) in proportion to their exergy destruction (E_D)
         and adding an extra overall cost balance row that enforces:
-        
+
         .. math::
            (\dot C_{\mathrm{in},T} - \dot C_{\mathrm{out},T})
            + (\dot C_{\mathrm{in},M} - \dot C_{\mathrm{out},M})
@@ -274,8 +324,8 @@ class Valve(Component):
            = -\,\dot Z_{\mathrm{costs}}
 
         In this formulation, the unknown cost variable in the "dissipative" column (i.e. C_diff)
-        is solved for, ensuring the valve’s cost balance.
-        
+        is solved for, ensuring the valve's cost balance.
+
         Parameters
         ----------
         A : numpy.ndarray
@@ -292,12 +342,12 @@ class Valve(Component):
             Flag indicating whether chemical exergy is considered. (Ignored here.)
         all_components : list, optional
             Global list of all component objects; if not provided, defaults to [].
-        
+
         Returns
         -------
         tuple
             Updated (A, b, counter, equations).
-        
+
         Notes
         -----
         - It is assumed that each inlet/outlet stream's CostVar_index dictionary has keys: "T" (thermal), "M" (mechanical), and "dissipative" (the extra unknown).
@@ -311,7 +361,11 @@ class Valve(Component):
             A[counter, self.inl[0]["CostVar_index"]["T"]] = 1
             A[counter, self.outl[0]["CostVar_index"]["T"]] = -1
         b[counter] = 0
-        equations[counter] = f"diss_valve_thermal_{self.name}"
+        equations[counter] = {
+            "kind": "dis_equality",
+            "objects": [self.name, self.inl[0]["name"], self.outl[0]["name"]],
+            "property": "c_T",
+        }
         counter += 1
 
         # --- Mechanical difference row ---
@@ -322,30 +376,56 @@ class Valve(Component):
             A[counter, self.inl[0]["CostVar_index"]["M"]] = 1
             A[counter, self.outl[0]["CostVar_index"]["M"]] = -1
         b[counter] = 0
-        equations[counter] = f"diss_valve_mechanical_{self.name}"
+        equations[counter] = {
+            "kind": "dis_equality",
+            "objects": [self.name, self.inl[0]["name"], self.outl[0]["name"]],
+            "property": "c_M",
+        }
         counter += 1
 
+        # --- Chemical difference row (if chemical exergy is enabled) ---
+        if chemical_exergy_enabled:
+            A[counter, self.inl[0]["CostVar_index"]["CH"]] = 1 / self.inl[0]["E_CH"] if self.inl[0]["E_CH"] != 0 else 1
+            A[counter, self.outl[0]["CostVar_index"]["CH"]] = (
+                -1 / self.outl[0]["E_CH"] if self.outl[0]["E_CH"] != 0 else -1
+            )
+            b[counter] = 0
+            equations[counter] = {
+                "kind": "dis_equality",
+                "objects": [self.name, self.inl[0]["name"], self.outl[0]["name"]],
+                "property": "c_CH",
+            }
+            counter += 1
+
         # --- Distribution of dissipative cost difference to other components based on E_D ---
         if all_components is None:
             all_components = []
         # Serving components: all productive components (excluding self, any dissipative, and CycleCloser)
-        serving = [comp for comp in all_components 
-                if comp is not self 
-                and not getattr(comp, "dissipative", False) 
-                and comp.__class__.__name__ != "CycleCloser"]
-        total_E_D = sum(getattr(comp, "E_D", 0) for comp in serving)
+        serving = [
+            comp
+            for comp in all_components
+            if comp is not self
+            and hasattr(comp, "exergy_cost_line")
+            and not comp.__class__.__name__.endswith("PowerBus")
+            and hasattr(comp, "E_D")
+            and not np.isnan(comp.E_D)
+        ]
+        total_E_D = sum(comp.E_D for comp in serving)
         diss_col = self.inl[0]["CostVar_index"].get("dissipative")
         if diss_col is None:
-            logging.warning(f"No 'dissipative' column allocated for {self.name}.")
+            logging.error(f"No 'dissipative' column allocated for {self.name}.")
         else:
             if total_E_D == 0:
-                # Fall back to equal distribution if total exergy destruction is zero.
-                for comp in serving:
-                    A[comp.exergy_cost_line, diss_col] += 1 / len(serving) if len(serving) > 0 else 0
+                if len(serving) > 0:
+                    for comp in serving:
+                        A[comp.exergy_cost_line, diss_col] = 1 / len(serving)
+                else:
+                    logging.warning(f"No serving components found for dissipative component {self.name}")
             else:
                 for comp in serving:
                     weight = getattr(comp, "E_D", 0) / total_E_D
-                    A[comp.exergy_cost_line, diss_col] += weight
+                    comp.serving_weight = weight
+                    A[comp.exergy_cost_line, diss_col] = weight
 
         # --- Extra overall cost balance row ---
         # This row enforces:
@@ -354,57 +434,173 @@ class Valve(Component):
         A[counter, self.outl[0]["CostVar_index"]["T"]] = -1
         A[counter, self.inl[0]["CostVar_index"]["M"]] = 1
         A[counter, self.outl[0]["CostVar_index"]["M"]] = -1
+        if chemical_exergy_enabled:
+            A[counter, self.inl[0]["CostVar_index"]["CH"]] = 1
+            A[counter, self.outl[0]["CostVar_index"]["CH"]] = -1
         # Subtract the unknown dissipative cost difference:
         A[counter, self.inl[0]["CostVar_index"]["dissipative"]] = -1
         b[counter] = -self.Z_costs
-        equations[counter] = f"diss_valve_balance_{self.name}"
+        equations[counter] = {"kind": "dis_balance", "objects": [self.name], "property": "dissipative_cost_balance"}
         counter += 1
 
         return A, b, counter, equations
 
+    def exergoeconomic_balance(self, T0, chemical_exergy_enabled=False):
+        r"""
+        Perform exergoeconomic cost balance for the valve (throttling component).
+
+        The valve is a throttling device that reduces pressure without doing work.
+        Unlike other components, a valve can be either **dissipative** (purely destructive)
+        or **productive** depending on temperature conditions and whether physical
+        exergy is split into thermal and mechanical components.
 
+        **Dissipative Valve (E_P is NaN):**
+
+        When the valve has no identifiable product (Cases 1, 4, or Cases 2-3 without split),
+        the entire exergy loss is considered destruction. The cost of fuel is the decrease
+        in physical exergy cost:
+
+        .. math::
+            \dot{C}_{\mathrm{F}} = \dot{C}_{\mathrm{in}}^{\mathrm{PH}} - \dot{C}_{\mathrm{out}}^{\mathrm{PH}}
+
+        .. math::
+            \dot{C}_{\mathrm{P}} = \text{NaN (no product)}
+
+        **Productive Valve (E_P has a value):**
+
+        When physical exergy is split (split_physical_exergy=True) and specific temperature
+        conditions are met, the valve can have a product:
+
+        *Case 2 (Inlet above T0, outlet below T0):*
+
+        The product is the thermal exergy at the outlet (cooling capacity), and the fuel
+        is the thermal exergy decrease plus the mechanical exergy loss:
+
+        .. math::
+            \dot{C}_{\mathrm{P}} = \dot{C}_{\mathrm{out}}^{\mathrm{T}}
+
+        .. math::
+            \dot{C}_{\mathrm{F}} = \dot{C}_{\mathrm{in}}^{\mathrm{T}} + (\dot{C}_{\mathrm{in}}^{\mathrm{M}} - \dot{C}_{\mathrm{out}}^{\mathrm{M}})
+
+        *Case 3 (Both inlet and outlet below T0):*
+
+        The product is the increase in thermal exergy (cooling capacity increase), and
+        the fuel is the mechanical exergy loss:
+
+        .. math::
+            \dot{C}_{\mathrm{P}} = \dot{C}_{\mathrm{out}}^{\mathrm{T}} - \dot{C}_{\mathrm{in}}^{\mathrm{T}}
+
+        .. math::
+            \dot{C}_{\mathrm{F}} = \dot{C}_{\mathrm{in}}^{\mathrm{M}} - \dot{C}_{\mathrm{out}}^{\mathrm{M}}
+
+        **Calculated exergoeconomic indicators:**
+
+        Specific cost of fuel:
+
+        .. math::
+            c_{\mathrm{F}} = \frac{\dot{C}_{\mathrm{F}}}{\dot{E}_{\mathrm{F}}}
+
+        Specific cost of product:
+
+        .. math::
+            c_{\mathrm{P}} = \frac{\dot{C}_{\mathrm{P}}}{\dot{E}_{\mathrm{P}}}
+
+        Cost rate of exergy destruction:
+
+        .. math::
+            \dot{C}_{\mathrm{D}} = c_{\mathrm{F}} \cdot \dot{E}_{\mathrm{D}}
+
+        Relative cost difference:
+
+        .. math::
+            r = \frac{c_{\mathrm{P}} - c_{\mathrm{F}}}{c_{\mathrm{F}}}
+
+        Exergoeconomic factor:
+
+        .. math::
+            f = \frac{\dot{Z}}{\dot{Z} + \dot{C}_{\mathrm{D}}}
 
-    def exergoeconomic_balance(self, T0):
-        """
-        Perform exergoeconomic balance calculations for the valve.
-        
-        This method calculates various exergoeconomic parameters including:
-        - Cost rates of product (C_P) and fuel (C_F)
-        - Specific cost of product (c_P) and fuel (c_F)
-        - Cost rate of exergy destruction (C_D)
-        - Relative cost difference (r)
-        - Exergoeconomic factor (f)
-        
         Parameters
         ----------
         T0 : float
-            Ambient temperature
-            
+            Ambient temperature (K).
+        chemical_exergy_enabled : bool, optional
+            If True, chemical exergy is considered in the calculations.
+            Default is False.
+
+        Attributes Set
+        --------------
+        C_P : float or NaN
+            Cost rate of product (currency/time). NaN for dissipative valves.
+        C_F : float or NaN
+            Cost rate of fuel (currency/time).
+        c_P : float or NaN
+            Specific cost of product (currency/energy). NaN for dissipative valves.
+        c_F : float or NaN
+            Specific cost of fuel (currency/energy).
+        C_D : float or NaN
+            Cost rate of exergy destruction (currency/time).
+        r : float or NaN
+            Relative cost difference (dimensionless). NaN for dissipative valves.
+        f : float or NaN
+            Exergoeconomic factor (dimensionless).
+
         Notes
         -----
-        The exergoeconomic balance considers thermal (T), chemical (CH),
-        and mechanical (M) exergy components for the inlet and outlet streams.
+        The valve is unique among components because:
+
+        1. It typically has no capital cost (Z_costs ≈ 0), making the exergoeconomic
+        factor f close to zero.
+
+        2. It can be dissipative (no product) or productive (identifiable product)
+        depending on the analysis approach and temperature conditions.
+
+        3. For dissipative valves, many exergoeconomic parameters are NaN since there
+        is no identifiable product.
+
+        4. The relative cost difference r is calculated using specific costs (c_P and c_F)
+        rather than total cost rates, unlike generator and motor components.
+
+        5. The method handles NaN values throughout to accommodate both dissipative
+        and productive valve configurations.
+
+        The exergy destruction E_D and product/fuel definitions E_P and E_F must be
+        computed prior to calling this method (via exergy_balance).
+
+        For refrigeration cycles (Case 2) or cryogenic applications (Case 3), the
+        productive valve approach may be more appropriate. For typical throttling
+        applications, the dissipative approach is standard.
         """
-        if self.inl[0]["T"] > T0 and self.outl[0]["T"] > T0:
-            self.C_F = self.inl[0]['C_PH'] - self.outl[0]['C_PH']
+        # Check if valve is dissipative
+        if np.isnan(self.E_P):
+            # Dissipative valve (Cases 1, 4, or Cases 2-3 without split)
+            self.C_F = self.inl[0]["C_PH"] - self.outl[0]["C_PH"]
             self.C_P = np.nan
-            # dissipative
-        elif self.outl[0]["T"] <= T0 and self.inl[0]["T"] > T0:
-            self.C_P = self.outl[0]["C_T"]
-            self.C_F = self.inl[0]["C_T"] + (
-                self.inl[0]["C_M"] - self.outl[0]["C_M"])
-        elif self.inl[0]["T"] <= T0 and self.outl[0]["T"] <= T0:
-            self.C_P = self.outl[0]["C_T"] - self.inl[0]["C_T"]
-            self.C_F = self.inl[0]["C_M"] - self.outl[0]["C_M"]
         else:
-            msg = ('Exergy balance of a valve, where outlet temperature is '
-                'larger than inlet temperature is not implmented.')
-            logging.warning(msg)
-            self.C_P = np.nan
-            self.C_F = np.nan
-
-        self.c_F = self.C_F / self.E_F
-        self.c_P = self.C_P / self.E_P
-        self.C_D = self.c_F * self.E_D
-        self.r = (self.c_P - self.c_F) / self.c_F
-        self.f = self.Z_costs / (self.Z_costs + self.C_D)
+            # Productive valve (Cases 2 or 3 with split_physical_exergy=True)
+            if self.outl[0]["T"] <= T0 and self.inl[0]["T"] > T0:
+                # Case 2 with split
+                self.C_P = self.outl[0]["C_T"]
+                self.C_F = self.inl[0]["C_T"] + (self.inl[0]["C_M"] - self.outl[0]["C_M"])
+            elif self.inl[0]["T"] <= T0 and self.outl[0]["T"] <= T0:
+                # Case 3 with split
+                self.C_P = self.outl[0]["C_T"] - self.inl[0]["C_T"]
+                self.C_F = self.inl[0]["C_M"] - self.outl[0]["C_M"]
+            else:
+                logging.error(f"Productive valve {self.name} in unexpected temperature regime.")
+                self.C_P = np.nan
+                self.C_F = np.nan
+
+        self.c_F = self.C_F / self.E_F if self.E_F != 0 else np.nan
+        self.c_P = self.C_P / self.E_P if not np.isnan(self.E_P) and self.E_P != 0 else np.nan
+        self.C_D = self.c_F * self.E_D if not np.isnan(self.c_F) else np.nan
+        self.r = (
+            (self.c_P - self.c_F) / self.c_F
+            if not np.isnan(self.c_P) and not np.isnan(self.c_F) and self.c_F != 0
+            else np.nan
+        )
+        self.f = (
+            self.Z_costs / (self.Z_costs + self.C_D)
+            if not np.isnan(self.C_D) and (self.Z_costs + self.C_D) != 0
+            else np.nan
+        )