egglog 12.0.0__cp313-cp313t-manylinux_2_17_ppc64.manylinux2014_ppc64.whl

egglog/exp/array_api.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2019 @@
+"""
+
+
+## Lists
+
+Lists have two main constructors:
+
+- `List(length, idx_fn)`
+- `List.EMPTY` / `initial.append(last)`
+
+This is so that they can be defined either with a known fixed integer length (the cons list type) or a symbolic
+length that could not be resolved to an integer.
+
+There are rewrites to convert between these constructors in both directions. The only limitation however is that
+`length` has to a real i64 in order to be converted to a cons list.
+
+When you are writing a function that uses ints, feel free to the `__getitem__` or `length()` methods or match
+directly on `List()` constructor. If you can write your function using that interface please do. But for some other
+methods whether the resulting length/index function is dependent on the rest of it, you can only define it with a known
+length, so you can then use the const list constructors.
+
+We also support creating lists from vectors. These can be converted one to one to the snoc list representation.
+
+It is troublesome to have to redefine lists for every type. It would be nice to have generic types, but they are not implemented yet.
+
+We are gauranteed that all lists with known lengths will be represented as cons/empty. To safely use lists, use
+the `.length` and `.__getitem__` methods, unles you want to to depend on it having known length, in which
+case you can match directly on the cons list.
+
+To be a list, you must implement two methods:
+
+* `l.length() -> Int`
+* `l.__getitem__(i: Int) -> T`
+
+There are three main types of constructors for lists which all implement these methods:
+
+* Functional `List(length, idx_fn)`
+* cons (well reversed cons) lists `List.EMPTY` and `l.append(x)`
+* Vectors `List.from_vec(vec)`
+
+Also all lists constructors must be converted to the functional representation, so that we can match on it
+and convert lists with known lengths into cons lists and into vectors.
+
+This is neccessary so that known length lists are properly materialized during extraction.
+
+Q: Why are they implemented as SNOC lists instead of CONS lists?
+A: So that when converting from functional to lists we can use the same index function by starting at the end and folding
+   that way recursively.
+
+
+"""
+
+# mypy: disable-error-code="empty-body"
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import itertools
+import math
+import numbers
+import os
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from copy import copy
+from types import EllipsisType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar, TypeAlias, cast
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from egglog import *
+from egglog.runtime import RuntimeExpr
+
+from .program_gen import *
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterator
+    from types import ModuleType
+
+
+# Pretend that exprs are numbers b/c sklearn does isinstance checks
+numbers.Integral.register(RuntimeExpr)
+
+# Set this to 1 before scipy is ever imported
+# https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/dev/api-dev/array_api.html#using-array-api-standard-support
+os.environ["SCIPY_ARRAY_API"] = "1"
+
+array_api_ruleset = ruleset(name="array_api_ruleset")
+
+
+class Boolean(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    def __init__(self, value: BoolLike) -> None: ...
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return self.eval()
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def eval(self) -> bool:
+        return try_evaling(_get_current_egraph(), array_api_schedule, self, self.to_bool)
+
+    @property
+    def to_bool(self) -> Bool: ...
+
+    def __or__(self, other: BooleanLike) -> Boolean: ...
+
+    def __and__(self, other: BooleanLike) -> Boolean: ...
+
+    def __invert__(self) -> Boolean: ...
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: BooleanLike) -> Boolean: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+
+
+BooleanLike = Boolean | BoolLike
+
+TRUE = Boolean(True)
+FALSE = Boolean(False)
+converter(Bool, Boolean, Boolean)
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _bool(x: Boolean, i: Int, j: Int, b: Bool):
+    return [
+        rule(eq(x).to(Boolean(b))).then(set_(x.to_bool).to(b)),
+        rewrite(TRUE | x).to(TRUE),
+        rewrite(FALSE | x).to(x),
+        rewrite(TRUE & x).to(x),
+        rewrite(FALSE & x).to(FALSE),
+        rewrite(~TRUE).to(FALSE),
+        rewrite(~FALSE).to(TRUE),
+        rule(eq(FALSE).to(TRUE)).then(panic("False cannot equal True")),
+        rewrite(x == x).to(TRUE),  # noqa: PLR0124
+        rewrite(FALSE == TRUE).to(FALSE),
+        rewrite(TRUE == FALSE).to(FALSE),
+    ]
+
+
+class Int(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    # a never int is that should not exist. It could represent for example indexing into an array a value that is out of bounds
+    # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_type
+    NEVER: ClassVar[Int]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def var(cls, name: StringLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __init__(self, value: i64Like) -> None: ...
+
+    def __invert__(self) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: IntLike) -> Boolean: ...
+
+    def __le__(self, other: IntLike) -> Boolean: ...
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: IntLike) -> Boolean:  # type: ignore[override]
+        ...
+
+    # add a hash so that this test can pass
+    # https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/blob/6fd23fca53845b32b249f2b36051c081b65e2fab/sklearn/utils/validation.py#L486-L487
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        egraph = _get_current_egraph()
+        egraph.register(self)
+        egraph.run(array_api_schedule)
+        simplified = egraph.extract(self)
+        return hash(cast("RuntimeExpr", simplified).__egg_typed_expr__)
+
+    def __round__(self, ndigits: OptionalIntLike = None) -> Int: ...
+
+    # TODO: Fix this?
+    # Make != always return a Bool, so that numpy.unique works on a tuple of ints
+    # In _unique1d
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def __ne__(self, other: Int) -> bool:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return not (self == other)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: IntLike) -> Boolean: ...
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: IntLike) -> Boolean: ...
+
+    def __add__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __sub__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __mul__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __floordiv__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __mod__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __divmod__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __pow__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __lshift__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __rshift__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __and__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __xor__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __or__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __radd__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __rsub__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __rmul__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __rmatmul__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __rtruediv__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __rfloordiv__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __rmod__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __rpow__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __rlshift__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __rrshift__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __rand__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __rxor__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __ror__(self, other: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    @property
+    def to_i64(self) -> i64: ...
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def eval(self) -> int:
+        return try_evaling(_get_current_egraph(), array_api_schedule, self, self.to_i64)
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def __index__(self) -> int:
+        return self.eval()
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def __int__(self) -> int:
+        return self.eval()
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def __float__(self) -> float:
+        return float(self.eval())
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.eval())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def if_(cls, b: BooleanLike, i: IntLike, j: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _int(i: i64, j: i64, r: Boolean, o: Int, b: Int):
+    yield rewrite(Int(i) == Int(i)).to(TRUE)
+    yield rule(eq(r).to(Int(i) == Int(j)), ne(i).to(j)).then(union(r).with_(FALSE))
+
+    yield rewrite(Int(i) >= Int(i)).to(TRUE)
+    yield rule(eq(r).to(Int(i) >= Int(j)), i > j).then(union(r).with_(TRUE))
+    yield rule(eq(r).to(Int(i) >= Int(j)), i < j).then(union(r).with_(FALSE))
+
+    yield rewrite(Int(i) < Int(i)).to(FALSE)
+    yield rule(eq(r).to(Int(i) < Int(j)), i < j).then(union(r).with_(TRUE))
+    yield rule(eq(r).to(Int(i) < Int(j)), i > j).then(union(r).with_(FALSE))
+
+    yield rewrite(Int(i) > Int(i)).to(FALSE)
+    yield rule(eq(r).to(Int(i) > Int(j)), i > j).then(union(r).with_(TRUE))
+    yield rule(eq(r).to(Int(i) > Int(j)), i < j).then(union(r).with_(FALSE))
+
+    yield rule(eq(o).to(Int(j))).then(set_(o.to_i64).to(j))
+
+    yield rule(eq(Int(i)).to(Int(j)), ne(i).to(j)).then(panic("Real ints cannot be equal to different ints"))
+
+    yield rewrite(Int(i) + Int(j)).to(Int(i + j))
+    yield rewrite(Int(i) - Int(j)).to(Int(i - j))
+    yield rewrite(Int(i) * Int(j)).to(Int(i * j))
+    yield rewrite(Int(i) // Int(j)).to(Int(i / j))
+    yield rewrite(Int(i) % Int(j)).to(Int(i % j))
+    yield rewrite(Int(i) & Int(j)).to(Int(i & j))
+    yield rewrite(Int(i) | Int(j)).to(Int(i | j))
+    yield rewrite(Int(i) ^ Int(j)).to(Int(i ^ j))
+    yield rewrite(Int(i) << Int(j)).to(Int(i << j))
+    yield rewrite(Int(i) >> Int(j)).to(Int(i >> j))
+    yield rewrite(~Int(i)).to(Int(~i))
+
+    yield rewrite(Int.if_(TRUE, o, b), subsume=True).to(o)
+    yield rewrite(Int.if_(FALSE, o, b), subsume=True).to(b)
+
+    yield rewrite(o.__round__(OptionalInt.none)).to(o)
+
+    # Never cannot be equal to anything real
+    yield rule(eq(Int.NEVER).to(Int(i))).then(panic("Int.NEVER cannot be equal to any real int"))
+
+
+converter(i64, Int, lambda x: Int(x))
+
+IntLike: TypeAlias = Int | i64Like
+
+
+@function(ruleset=array_api_ruleset)
+def check_index(length: IntLike, idx: IntLike) -> Int:
+    """
+    Returns the index if 0 <= idx < length, otherwise returns Int.NEVER
+    """
+    length = cast("Int", length)
+    idx = cast("Int", idx)
+    return Int.if_(((idx >= 0) & (idx < length)), idx, Int.NEVER)
+
+
+# @array_api_ruleset.register
+# def _check_index(i: i64, j: i64, x: Int):
+#     yield rewrite(
+#         check_index(Int(i), Int(j)),
+#     ).to(
+#         Int(j),
+#         i >= 0,
+#         i < j,
+#     )
+
+#     yield rewrite(
+#         check_index(x, Int(i)),
+#     ).to(
+#         Int.NEVER,
+#         i < 0,
+#     )
+
+#     yield rewrite(
+#         check_index(Int(i), Int(j)),
+#     ).to(
+#         Int.NEVER,
+#         i >= j,
+#     )
+
+
+class Float(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    # Differentiate costs of three constructors so extraction is deterministic if all three are present
+    @method(cost=3)
+    def __init__(self, value: f64Like) -> None: ...
+
+    @property
+    def to_f64(self) -> f64: ...
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def eval(self) -> float:
+        return try_evaling(_get_current_egraph(), array_api_schedule, self, self.to_f64)
+
+    def abs(self) -> Float: ...
+
+    @method(cost=2)
+    @classmethod
+    def rational(cls, r: BigRat) -> Float: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_int(cls, i: IntLike) -> Float: ...
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other: FloatLike) -> Float: ...
+
+    def __mul__(self, other: FloatLike) -> Float: ...
+
+    def __add__(self, other: FloatLike) -> Float: ...
+
+    def __sub__(self, other: FloatLike) -> Float: ...
+
+    def __pow__(self, other: FloatLike) -> Float: ...
+    def __round__(self, ndigits: OptionalIntLike = None) -> Float: ...
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: FloatLike) -> Boolean: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    def __ne__(self, other: FloatLike) -> Boolean: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    def __lt__(self, other: FloatLike) -> Boolean: ...
+    def __le__(self, other: FloatLike) -> Boolean: ...
+    def __gt__(self, other: FloatLike) -> Boolean: ...
+    def __ge__(self, other: FloatLike) -> Boolean: ...
+
+
+converter(float, Float, lambda x: Float(x))
+converter(Int, Float, lambda x: Float.from_int(x))
+
+
+FloatLike: TypeAlias = Float | float | IntLike
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _float(fl: Float, f: f64, f2: f64, i: i64, r: BigRat, r1: BigRat, i_: Int):
+    return [
+        rule(eq(fl).to(Float(f))).then(set_(fl.to_f64).to(f)),
+        rewrite(Float.from_int(Int(i))).to(Float(f64.from_i64(i))),
+        rewrite(Float(f).abs()).to(Float(f), f >= 0.0),
+        rewrite(Float(f).abs()).to(Float(-f), f < 0.0),
+        # Convert from float to rationl, if its a whole number i.e. can be converted to int
+        rewrite(Float(f)).to(Float.rational(BigRat(f.to_i64(), 1)), eq(f64.from_i64(f.to_i64())).to(f)),
+        # always convert from int to rational
+        rewrite(Float.from_int(Int(i))).to(Float.rational(BigRat(i, 1))),
+        rewrite(Float(f) + Float(f2)).to(Float(f + f2)),
+        rewrite(Float(f) - Float(f2)).to(Float(f - f2)),
+        rewrite(Float(f) * Float(f2)).to(Float(f * f2)),
+        rewrite(Float.rational(r) / Float.rational(r1)).to(Float.rational(r / r1)),
+        rewrite(Float.rational(r) + Float.rational(r1)).to(Float.rational(r + r1)),
+        rewrite(Float.rational(r) - Float.rational(r1)).to(Float.rational(r - r1)),
+        rewrite(Float.rational(r) * Float.rational(r1)).to(Float.rational(r * r1)),
+        rewrite(Float(f) ** Float(f2)).to(Float(f**f2)),
+        # comparisons
+        rewrite(Float(f) == Float(f)).to(TRUE),
+        rewrite(Float(f) == Float(f2)).to(FALSE, ne(f).to(f2)),
+        rewrite(Float(f) != Float(f2)).to(TRUE, f != f2),
+        rewrite(Float(f) != Float(f)).to(FALSE),
+        rewrite(Float(f) >= Float(f2)).to(TRUE, f >= f2),
+        rewrite(Float(f) >= Float(f2)).to(FALSE, f < f2),
+        rewrite(Float(f) <= Float(f2)).to(TRUE, f <= f2),
+        rewrite(Float(f) <= Float(f2)).to(FALSE, f > f2),
+        rewrite(Float(f) > Float(f2)).to(TRUE, f > f2),
+        rewrite(Float(f) > Float(f2)).to(FALSE, f <= f2),
+        rewrite(Float(f) < Float(f2)).to(TRUE, f < f2),
+        rewrite(Float.rational(r) == Float.rational(r)).to(TRUE),
+        rewrite(Float.rational(r) == Float.rational(r1)).to(FALSE, ne(r).to(r1)),
+        # round
+        rewrite(Float.rational(r).__round__()).to(Float.rational(r.round())),
+    ]
+
+
+class TupleInt(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    """
+    Should act like a tuple[int, ...]
+
+    All constructors should be rewritten to the functional semantics in the __init__ method.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def var(cls, name: StringLike) -> TupleInt: ...
+
+    def __init__(self, length: IntLike, idx_fn: Callable[[Int], Int]) -> None: ...
+
+    EMPTY: ClassVar[TupleInt]
+    NEVER: ClassVar[TupleInt]
+
+    def append(self, i: IntLike) -> TupleInt: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def single(cls, i: Int) -> TupleInt:
+        return TupleInt(Int(1), lambda _: i)
+
+    @method(subsume=True)
+    @classmethod
+    def range(cls, stop: IntLike) -> TupleInt:
+        return TupleInt(stop, lambda i: i)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_vec(cls, vec: VecLike[Int, IntLike]) -> TupleInt: ...
+
+    def __add__(self, other: TupleIntLike) -> TupleInt:
+        other = cast("TupleInt", other)
+        return TupleInt(
+            self.length() + other.length(), lambda i: Int.if_(i < self.length(), self[i], other[i - self.length()])
+        )
+
+    def length(self) -> Int: ...
+    def __getitem__(self, i: IntLike) -> Int: ...
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return self.length().eval()
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Int]:
+        return iter(self.eval())
+
+    @property
+    def to_vec(self) -> Vec[Int]: ...
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def eval(self) -> tuple[Int, ...]:
+        return try_evaling(_get_current_egraph(), array_api_schedule, self, self.to_vec)
+
+    def foldl(self, f: Callable[[Int, Int], Int], init: Int) -> Int: ...
+    def foldl_boolean(self, f: Callable[[Boolean, Int], Boolean], init: Boolean) -> Boolean: ...
+    def foldl_tuple_int(self, f: Callable[[TupleInt, Int], TupleInt], init: TupleIntLike) -> TupleInt: ...
+
+    @method(subsume=True)
+    def contains(self, i: Int) -> Boolean:
+        return self.foldl_boolean(lambda acc, j: acc | (i == j), FALSE)
+
+    @method(subsume=True)
+    def filter(self, f: Callable[[Int], Boolean]) -> TupleInt:
+        return self.foldl_tuple_int(
+            lambda acc, v: TupleInt.if_(f(v), acc.append(v), acc),
+            TupleInt.EMPTY,
+        )
+
+    @method(subsume=True)
+    def map(self, f: Callable[[Int], Int]) -> TupleInt:
+        return TupleInt(self.length(), lambda i: f(self[i]))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def if_(cls, b: BooleanLike, i: TupleIntLike, j: TupleIntLike) -> TupleInt: ...
+
+    def drop(self, n: Int) -> TupleInt:
+        return TupleInt(self.length() - n, lambda i: self[i + n])
+
+    def product(self) -> Int:
+        return self.foldl(lambda acc, i: acc * i, Int(1))
+
+    def map_tuple_int(self, f: Callable[[Int], TupleInt]) -> TupleTupleInt:
+        return TupleTupleInt(self.length(), lambda i: f(self[i]))
+
+    def select(self, indices: TupleIntLike) -> TupleInt:
+        """
+        Return a new tuple with the elements at the given indices
+        """
+        indices = cast("TupleInt", indices)
+        return indices.map(lambda i: self[i])
+
+    def deselect(self, indices: TupleIntLike) -> TupleInt:
+        """
+        Return a new tuple with the elements not at the given indices
+        """
+        indices = cast("TupleInt", indices)
+        return TupleInt.range(self.length()).filter(lambda i: ~indices.contains(i)).map(lambda i: self[i])
+
+
+converter(Vec[Int], TupleInt, lambda x: TupleInt.from_vec(x))
+
+TupleIntLike: TypeAlias = TupleInt | VecLike[Int, IntLike]
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _tuple_int(
+    i: Int,
+    i2: Int,
+    f: Callable[[Int, Int], Int],
+    bool_f: Callable[[Boolean, Int], Boolean],
+    idx_fn: Callable[[Int], Int],
+    tuple_int_f: Callable[[TupleInt, Int], TupleInt],
+    vs: Vec[Int],
+    b: Boolean,
+    ti: TupleInt,
+    ti2: TupleInt,
+    k: i64,
+):
+    return [
+        rule(eq(ti).to(TupleInt.from_vec(vs))).then(set_(ti.to_vec).to(vs)),
+        # Functional access
+        rewrite(TupleInt(i, idx_fn).length()).to(i),
+        rewrite(TupleInt(i, idx_fn)[i2]).to(idx_fn(check_index(i, i2))),
+        # cons access
+        rewrite(TupleInt.EMPTY.length()).to(Int(0)),
+        rewrite(TupleInt.EMPTY[i]).to(Int.NEVER),
+        rewrite(ti.append(i).length()).to(ti.length() + 1),
+        rewrite(ti.append(i)[i2]).to(Int.if_(i2 == ti.length(), i, ti[i2])),
+        # cons to functional (removed this so that there is not infinite replacements between the,)
+        # rewrite(TupleInt.EMPTY).to(TupleInt(0, lambda _: Int.NEVER)),
+        # rewrite(TupleInt(i, idx_fn).append(i2)).to(TupleInt(i + 1, lambda j: Int.if_(j == i, i2, idx_fn(j)))),
+        # functional to cons
+        rewrite(TupleInt(0, idx_fn), subsume=True).to(TupleInt.EMPTY),
+        rewrite(TupleInt(Int(k), idx_fn), subsume=True).to(TupleInt(k - 1, idx_fn).append(idx_fn(Int(k - 1))), k > 0),
+        # cons to vec
+        rewrite(TupleInt.EMPTY).to(TupleInt.from_vec(Vec[Int]())),
+        rewrite(TupleInt.from_vec(vs).append(i)).to(TupleInt.from_vec(vs.append(Vec(i)))),
+        # fold
+        rewrite(TupleInt.EMPTY.foldl(f, i), subsume=True).to(i),
+        rewrite(ti.append(i2).foldl(f, i), subsume=True).to(f(ti.foldl(f, i), i2)),
+        # fold boolean
+        rewrite(TupleInt.EMPTY.foldl_boolean(bool_f, b), subsume=True).to(b),
+        rewrite(ti.append(i2).foldl_boolean(bool_f, b), subsume=True).to(bool_f(ti.foldl_boolean(bool_f, b), i2)),
+        # fold tuple_int
+        rewrite(TupleInt.EMPTY.foldl_tuple_int(tuple_int_f, ti), subsume=True).to(ti),
+        rewrite(ti.append(i2).foldl_tuple_int(tuple_int_f, ti2), subsume=True).to(
+            tuple_int_f(ti.foldl_tuple_int(tuple_int_f, ti2), i2)
+        ),
+        # if_
+        rewrite(TupleInt.if_(TRUE, ti, ti2), subsume=True).to(ti),
+        rewrite(TupleInt.if_(FALSE, ti, ti2), subsume=True).to(ti2),
+        # unify append
+        rule(eq(ti.append(i)).to(ti2.append(i2))).then(union(ti).with_(ti2), union(i).with_(i2)),
+    ]
+
+
+class TupleTupleInt(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    @classmethod
+    def var(cls, name: StringLike) -> TupleTupleInt: ...
+
+    EMPTY: ClassVar[TupleTupleInt]
+
+    def __init__(self, length: IntLike, idx_fn: Callable[[Int], TupleInt]) -> None: ...
+
+    @method(subsume=True)
+    @classmethod
+    def single(cls, i: TupleIntLike) -> TupleTupleInt:
+        i = cast("TupleInt", i)
+        return TupleTupleInt(1, lambda _: i)
+
+    @method(subsume=True)
+    @classmethod
+    def from_vec(cls, vec: Vec[TupleInt]) -> TupleTupleInt: ...
+
+    def append(self, i: TupleIntLike) -> TupleTupleInt: ...
+
+    def __add__(self, other: TupleTupleIntLike) -> TupleTupleInt:
+        other = cast("TupleTupleInt", other)
+        return TupleTupleInt(
+            self.length() + other.length(),
+            lambda i: TupleInt.if_(i < self.length(), self[i], other[i - self.length()]),
+        )
+
+    def length(self) -> Int: ...
+    def __getitem__(self, i: IntLike) -> TupleInt: ...
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return self.length().eval()
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[TupleInt]:
+        return iter(self.eval())
+
+    @property
+    def to_vec(self) -> Vec[TupleInt]: ...
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def eval(self) -> tuple[TupleInt, ...]:
+        return try_evaling(_get_current_egraph(), array_api_schedule, self, self.to_vec)
+
+    def drop(self, n: Int) -> TupleTupleInt:
+        return TupleTupleInt(self.length() - n, lambda i: self[i + n])
+
+    def map_int(self, f: Callable[[TupleInt], Int]) -> TupleInt:
+        return TupleInt(self.length(), lambda i: f(self[i]))
+
+    def foldl_value(self, f: Callable[[Value, TupleInt], Value], init: ValueLike) -> Value: ...
+
+    @method(subsume=True)
+    def product(self) -> TupleTupleInt:
+        """
+        Cartesian product of inputs
+
+        https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html#itertools.product
+
+        https://github.com/saulshanabrook/saulshanabrook/discussions/39
+        """
+        return TupleTupleInt(
+            self.map_int(lambda x: x.length()).product(),
+            lambda i: TupleInt(
+                self.length(),
+                lambda j: self[j][(i // self.drop(j + 1).map_int(lambda x: x.length()).product()) % self[j].length()],
+            ),
+        )
+
+
+converter(Vec[TupleInt], TupleTupleInt, lambda x: TupleTupleInt.from_vec(x))
+
+TupleTupleIntLike: TypeAlias = TupleTupleInt | VecLike[TupleInt, TupleIntLike]
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _tuple_tuple_int(
+    length: Int,
+    fn: Callable[[TupleInt], Int],
+    idx_fn: Callable[[Int], TupleInt],
+    f: Callable[[Value, TupleInt], Value],
+    i: Value,
+    k: i64,
+    idx: Int,
+    vs: Vec[TupleInt],
+    ti: TupleInt,
+    ti1: TupleInt,
+    tti: TupleTupleInt,
+    tti1: TupleTupleInt,
+):
+    yield rule(eq(tti).to(TupleTupleInt.from_vec(vs))).then(set_(tti.to_vec).to(vs))
+    yield rewrite(TupleTupleInt(length, idx_fn).length()).to(length)
+    yield rewrite(TupleTupleInt(length, idx_fn)[idx]).to(idx_fn(check_index(idx, length)))
+
+    # cons access
+    yield rewrite(TupleTupleInt.EMPTY.length()).to(Int(0))
+    yield rewrite(TupleTupleInt.EMPTY[idx]).to(TupleInt.NEVER)
+    yield rewrite(tti.append(ti).length()).to(tti.length() + 1)
+    yield rewrite(tti.append(ti)[idx]).to(TupleInt.if_(idx == tti.length(), ti, tti[idx]))
+
+    # functional to cons
+    yield rewrite(TupleTupleInt(0, idx_fn), subsume=True).to(TupleTupleInt.EMPTY)
+    yield rewrite(TupleTupleInt(Int(k), idx_fn), subsume=True).to(
+        TupleTupleInt(k - 1, idx_fn).append(idx_fn(Int(k - 1))), k > 0
+    )
+    # cons to vec
+    yield rewrite(TupleTupleInt.EMPTY).to(TupleTupleInt.from_vec(Vec[TupleInt]()))
+    yield rewrite(TupleTupleInt.from_vec(vs).append(ti)).to(TupleTupleInt.from_vec(vs.append(Vec(ti))))
+    # fold value
+    yield rewrite(TupleTupleInt.EMPTY.foldl_value(f, i), subsume=True).to(i)
+    yield rewrite(tti.append(ti).foldl_value(f, i), subsume=True).to(f(tti.foldl_value(f, i), ti))
+
+    # unify append
+    yield rule(eq(tti.append(ti)).to(tti1.append(ti1))).then(union(tti).with_(tti1), union(ti).with_(ti1))
+
+
+class OptionalInt(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    none: ClassVar[OptionalInt]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def some(cls, value: Int) -> OptionalInt: ...
+
+
+OptionalIntLike: TypeAlias = OptionalInt | IntLike | None
+
+converter(type(None), OptionalInt, lambda _: OptionalInt.none)
+converter(Int, OptionalInt, OptionalInt.some)
+
+
+class DType(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    float64: ClassVar[DType]
+    float32: ClassVar[DType]
+    int64: ClassVar[DType]
+    int32: ClassVar[DType]
+    object: ClassVar[DType]
+    bool: ClassVar[DType]
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: DType) -> Boolean:  # type: ignore[override]
+        ...
+
+
+float64 = DType.float64
+float32 = DType.float32
+int32 = DType.int32
+int64 = DType.int64
+
+_DTYPES = [float64, float32, int32, int64, DType.object]
+
+converter(type, DType, lambda x: convert(np.dtype(x), DType))
+converter(np.dtype, DType, lambda x: getattr(DType, x.name))
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _():
+    for l, r in itertools.product(_DTYPES, repeat=2):
+        yield rewrite(l == r).to(TRUE if l is r else FALSE)
+
+
+class IsDtypeKind(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    NULL: ClassVar[IsDtypeKind]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def string(cls, s: StringLike) -> IsDtypeKind: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def dtype(cls, d: DType) -> IsDtypeKind: ...
+
+    @method(cost=10)
+    def __or__(self, other: IsDtypeKind) -> IsDtypeKind: ...
+
+
+# TODO: Make kind more generic to support tuples.
+@function
+def isdtype(dtype: DType, kind: IsDtypeKind) -> Boolean: ...
+
+
+converter(DType, IsDtypeKind, lambda x: IsDtypeKind.dtype(x))
+converter(str, IsDtypeKind, lambda x: IsDtypeKind.string(x))
+converter(
+    tuple, IsDtypeKind, lambda x: convert(x[0], IsDtypeKind) | convert(x[1:], IsDtypeKind) if x else IsDtypeKind.NULL
+)
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _isdtype(d: DType, k1: IsDtypeKind, k2: IsDtypeKind):
+    return [
+        rewrite(isdtype(DType.float32, IsDtypeKind.string("integral"))).to(FALSE),
+        rewrite(isdtype(DType.float64, IsDtypeKind.string("integral"))).to(FALSE),
+        rewrite(isdtype(DType.object, IsDtypeKind.string("integral"))).to(FALSE),
+        rewrite(isdtype(DType.int64, IsDtypeKind.string("integral"))).to(TRUE),
+        rewrite(isdtype(DType.int32, IsDtypeKind.string("integral"))).to(TRUE),
+        rewrite(isdtype(DType.float32, IsDtypeKind.string("real floating"))).to(TRUE),
+        rewrite(isdtype(DType.float64, IsDtypeKind.string("real floating"))).to(TRUE),
+        rewrite(isdtype(DType.object, IsDtypeKind.string("real floating"))).to(FALSE),
+        rewrite(isdtype(DType.int64, IsDtypeKind.string("real floating"))).to(FALSE),
+        rewrite(isdtype(DType.int32, IsDtypeKind.string("real floating"))).to(FALSE),
+        rewrite(isdtype(DType.float32, IsDtypeKind.string("complex floating"))).to(FALSE),
+        rewrite(isdtype(DType.float64, IsDtypeKind.string("complex floating"))).to(FALSE),
+        rewrite(isdtype(DType.object, IsDtypeKind.string("complex floating"))).to(FALSE),
+        rewrite(isdtype(DType.int64, IsDtypeKind.string("complex floating"))).to(FALSE),
+        rewrite(isdtype(DType.int32, IsDtypeKind.string("complex floating"))).to(FALSE),
+        rewrite(isdtype(d, IsDtypeKind.NULL)).to(FALSE),
+        rewrite(isdtype(d, IsDtypeKind.dtype(d))).to(TRUE),
+        rewrite(isdtype(d, k1 | k2)).to(isdtype(d, k1) | isdtype(d, k2)),
+        rewrite(k1 | IsDtypeKind.NULL).to(k1),
+    ]
+
+
+# TODO: Add pushdown for math on scalars to values
+# and add replacements
+
+
+class Value(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    NEVER: ClassVar[Value]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def int(cls, i: IntLike) -> Value: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def float(cls, f: FloatLike) -> Value: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def bool(cls, b: BooleanLike) -> Value: ...
+
+    def isfinite(self) -> Boolean: ...
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: ValueLike) -> Value: ...
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other: ValueLike) -> Value: ...
+
+    def __mul__(self, other: ValueLike) -> Value: ...
+
+    def __add__(self, other: ValueLike) -> Value: ...
+
+    def astype(self, dtype: DType) -> Value: ...
+
+    # TODO: Add all operations
+
+    @property
+    def dtype(self) -> DType:
+        """
+        Default dtype for this scalar value
+        """
+
+    @property
+    def to_bool(self) -> Boolean: ...
+
+    @property
+    def to_int(self) -> Int: ...
+
+    @property
+    def to_truthy_value(self) -> Value:
+        """
+        Converts the value to a bool, based on if its truthy.
+
+        https://data-apis.org/array-api/2022.12/API_specification/generated/array_api.any.html
+        """
+
+    def conj(self) -> Value: ...
+    def real(self) -> Value: ...
+    def sqrt(self) -> Value: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def if_(cls, b: BooleanLike, i: ValueLike, j: ValueLike) -> Value: ...
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: ValueLike) -> Boolean: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+
+
+ValueLike: TypeAlias = Value | IntLike | FloatLike | BooleanLike
+
+
+converter(Int, Value, Value.int)
+converter(Float, Value, Value.float)
+converter(Boolean, Value, Value.bool)
+converter(Value, Int, lambda x: x.to_int, 10)
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _value(i: Int, f: Float, b: Boolean, v: Value, v1: Value, i1: Int, f1: Float, b1: Boolean):
+    # Default dtypes
+    # https://data-apis.org/array-api/latest/API_specification/data_types.html?highlight=dtype#default-data-types
+    yield rewrite(Value.int(i).dtype).to(DType.int64)
+    yield rewrite(Value.float(f).dtype).to(DType.float64)
+    yield rewrite(Value.bool(b).dtype).to(DType.bool)
+
+    yield rewrite(Value.bool(b).to_bool).to(b)
+    yield rewrite(Value.int(i).to_int).to(i)
+
+    yield rewrite(Value.bool(b).to_truthy_value).to(Value.bool(b))
+    # TODO: Add more rules for to_bool_value
+
+    yield rewrite(Value.float(f).conj()).to(Value.float(f))
+    yield rewrite(Value.float(f).real()).to(Value.float(f))
+    yield rewrite(Value.int(i).real()).to(Value.int(i))
+    yield rewrite(Value.int(i).conj()).to(Value.int(i))
+
+    yield rewrite(Value.float(f).sqrt()).to(Value.float(f ** (0.5)))
+
+    yield rewrite(Value.float(Float.rational(BigRat(0, 1))) + v).to(v)
+
+    yield rewrite(Value.if_(TRUE, v, v1)).to(v)
+    yield rewrite(Value.if_(FALSE, v, v1)).to(v1)
+
+    # ==
+    yield rewrite(Value.int(i) == Value.int(i1)).to(i == i1)
+    yield rewrite(Value.float(f) == Value.float(f1)).to(f == f1)
+    yield rewrite(Value.bool(b) == Value.bool(b1)).to(b == b1)
+
+
+class TupleValue(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    EMPTY: ClassVar[TupleValue]
+
+    def __init__(self, length: IntLike, idx_fn: Callable[[Int], Value]) -> None: ...
+
+    def append(self, i: ValueLike) -> TupleValue: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_vec(cls, vec: Vec[Value]) -> TupleValue: ...
+
+    def __add__(self, other: TupleValueLike) -> TupleValue:
+        other = cast("TupleValue", other)
+        return TupleValue(
+            self.length() + other.length(),
+            lambda i: Value.if_(i < self.length(), self[i], other[i - self.length()]),
+        )
+
+    def length(self) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __getitem__(self, i: Int) -> Value: ...
+
+    def foldl_boolean(self, f: Callable[[Boolean, Value], Boolean], init: BooleanLike) -> Boolean: ...
+
+    def contains(self, value: ValueLike) -> Boolean:
+        value = cast("Value", value)
+        return self.foldl_boolean(lambda acc, j: acc | (value == j), FALSE)
+
+    @method(subsume=True)
+    @classmethod
+    def from_tuple_int(cls, ti: TupleIntLike) -> TupleValue:
+        ti = cast("TupleInt", ti)
+        return TupleValue(ti.length(), lambda i: Value.int(ti[i]))
+
+
+converter(Vec[Value], TupleValue, lambda x: TupleValue.from_vec(x))
+converter(TupleInt, TupleValue, lambda x: TupleValue.from_tuple_int(x))
+
+TupleValueLike: TypeAlias = TupleValue | VecLike[Value, ValueLike] | TupleIntLike
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _tuple_value(
+    length: Int,
+    idx_fn: Callable[[Int], Value],
+    k: i64,
+    idx: Int,
+    vs: Vec[Value],
+    v: Value,
+    v1: Value,
+    tv: TupleValue,
+    tv1: TupleValue,
+    bool_f: Callable[[Boolean, Value], Boolean],
+    b: Boolean,
+):
+    yield rewrite(TupleValue(length, idx_fn).length()).to(length)
+    yield rewrite(TupleValue(length, idx_fn)[idx]).to(idx_fn(check_index(idx, length)))
+
+    # cons access
+    yield rewrite(TupleValue.EMPTY.length()).to(Int(0))
+    yield rewrite(TupleValue.EMPTY[idx]).to(Value.NEVER)
+    yield rewrite(tv.append(v).length()).to(tv.length() + 1)
+    yield rewrite(tv.append(v)[idx]).to(Value.if_(idx == tv.length(), v, tv[idx]))
+
+    # functional to cons
+    yield rewrite(TupleValue(0, idx_fn), subsume=True).to(TupleValue.EMPTY)
+    yield rewrite(TupleValue(Int(k), idx_fn), subsume=True).to(
+        TupleValue(k - 1, idx_fn).append(idx_fn(Int(k - 1))), k > 0
+    )
+
+    # cons to vec
+    yield rewrite(TupleValue.EMPTY).to(TupleValue.from_vec(Vec[Value]()))
+    yield rewrite(TupleValue.from_vec(vs).append(v)).to(TupleValue.from_vec(vs.append(Vec(v))))
+
+    # fold boolean
+    yield rewrite(TupleValue.EMPTY.foldl_boolean(bool_f, b), subsume=True).to(b)
+    yield rewrite(tv.append(v).foldl_boolean(bool_f, b), subsume=True).to(bool_f(tv.foldl_boolean(bool_f, b), v))
+
+    # unify append
+    yield rule(eq(tv.append(v)).to(tv1.append(v1))).then(union(tv).with_(tv1), union(v).with_(v1))
+
+
+@function
+def possible_values(values: Value) -> TupleValue:
+    """
+    All possible values in the input value.
+    """
+
+
+class Slice(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        start: OptionalInt = OptionalInt.none,
+        stop: OptionalInt = OptionalInt.none,
+        step: OptionalInt = OptionalInt.none,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+
+converter(
+    slice,
+    Slice,
+    lambda x: Slice(convert(x.start, OptionalInt), convert(x.stop, OptionalInt), convert(x.step, OptionalInt)),
+)
+
+SliceLike: TypeAlias = Slice | slice
+
+
+class MultiAxisIndexKeyItem(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    ELLIPSIS: ClassVar[MultiAxisIndexKeyItem]
+    NONE: ClassVar[MultiAxisIndexKeyItem]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def int(cls, i: Int) -> MultiAxisIndexKeyItem: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def slice(cls, slice: Slice) -> MultiAxisIndexKeyItem: ...
+
+
+converter(type(...), MultiAxisIndexKeyItem, lambda _: MultiAxisIndexKeyItem.ELLIPSIS)
+converter(type(None), MultiAxisIndexKeyItem, lambda _: MultiAxisIndexKeyItem.NONE)
+converter(Int, MultiAxisIndexKeyItem, MultiAxisIndexKeyItem.int)
+converter(Slice, MultiAxisIndexKeyItem, MultiAxisIndexKeyItem.slice)
+
+MultiAxisIndexKeyItemLike: TypeAlias = MultiAxisIndexKeyItem | EllipsisType | None | IntLike | SliceLike
+
+
+class MultiAxisIndexKey(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    def __init__(self, length: IntLike, idx_fn: Callable[[Int], MultiAxisIndexKeyItem]) -> None: ...
+
+    def __add__(self, other: MultiAxisIndexKey) -> MultiAxisIndexKey: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_vec(cls, vec: Vec[MultiAxisIndexKeyItem]) -> MultiAxisIndexKey: ...
+
+
+MultiAxisIndexKeyLike: TypeAlias = "MultiAxisIndexKey | tuple[MultiAxisIndexKeyItemLike, ...] | TupleIntLike"
+
+
+converter(
+    tuple,
+    MultiAxisIndexKey,
+    lambda x: MultiAxisIndexKey.from_vec(Vec(*(convert(i, MultiAxisIndexKeyItem) for i in x))),
+)
+converter(
+    TupleInt, MultiAxisIndexKey, lambda ti: MultiAxisIndexKey(ti.length(), lambda i: MultiAxisIndexKeyItem.int(ti[i]))
+)
+
+
+class IndexKey(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    """
+    A key for indexing into an array
+
+    https://data-apis.org/array-api/2022.12/API_specification/indexing.html
+
+    It is equivalent to the following type signature:
+
+    Union[int, slice, ellipsis, Tuple[Union[int, slice, ellipsis, None], ...], array]
+    """
+
+    ELLIPSIS: ClassVar[IndexKey]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def int(cls, i: Int) -> IndexKey: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def slice(cls, slice: Slice) -> IndexKey: ...
+
+    # Disabled until we support late binding
+    # @classmethod
+    # def boolean_array(cls, b: NDArray) -> IndexKey:
+    #     ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def multi_axis(cls, key: MultiAxisIndexKey) -> IndexKey: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def ndarray(cls, key: NDArray) -> IndexKey:
+        """
+        Indexes by a masked array
+        """
+
+
+IndexKeyLike: TypeAlias = "IndexKey | IntLike | SliceLike | MultiAxisIndexKeyLike | NDArrayLike"
+
+
+converter(type(...), IndexKey, lambda _: IndexKey.ELLIPSIS)
+converter(Int, IndexKey, lambda i: IndexKey.int(i))
+converter(Slice, IndexKey, lambda s: IndexKey.slice(s))
+converter(MultiAxisIndexKey, IndexKey, lambda m: IndexKey.multi_axis(m))
+
+
+class Device(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset): ...
+
+
+ALL_INDICES: TupleInt = constant("ALL_INDICES", TupleInt)
+
+
+class NDArray(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    def __init__(self, shape: TupleIntLike, dtype: DType, idx_fn: Callable[[TupleInt], Value]) -> None: ...
+
+    NEVER: ClassVar[NDArray]
+
+    @method(cost=200)
+    @classmethod
+    def var(cls, name: StringLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def __array_namespace__(self, api_version: object = None) -> ModuleType:
+        return sys.modules[__name__]
+
+    @property
+    def ndim(self) -> Int: ...
+
+    @property
+    def dtype(self) -> DType: ...
+
+    @property
+    def device(self) -> Device: ...
+
+    @property
+    def shape(self) -> TupleInt: ...
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return self.to_value().to_bool.eval()
+
+    @property
+    def size(self) -> Int: ...
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return self.size.eval()
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[NDArray]:
+        for i in range(len(self)):
+            yield self[IndexKey.int(Int(i))]
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key: IndexKeyLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: IndexKeyLike, value: NDArray) -> None: ...
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __le__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray:  # type: ignore[override]
+        ...
+
+    # TODO: Add support for overloaded __ne__
+    # def __ne__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray:  # type: ignore[override]
+    #     ...
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __add__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __sub__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __mul__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __matmul__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __floordiv__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __mod__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __divmod__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __pow__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __lshift__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __rshift__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __and__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __xor__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __or__(self, other: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __radd__(self, other: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __rsub__(self, other: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __rmul__(self, other: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __rmatmul__(self, other: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __rtruediv__(self, other: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __rfloordiv__(self, other: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __rmod__(self, other: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __rpow__(self, other: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __rlshift__(self, other: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __rrshift__(self, other: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __rand__(self, other: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __rxor__(self, other: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def __ror__(self, other: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def scalar(cls, value: Value) -> NDArray:
+        return NDArray(TupleInt.EMPTY, value.dtype, lambda _: value)
+
+    def to_value(self) -> Value:
+        """
+        Returns the value if this is a scalar.
+        """
+
+    def to_values(self) -> TupleValue:
+        """
+        Returns the value if this is a vector.
+        """
+
+    @property
+    def T(self) -> NDArray:
+        """
+        https://data-apis.org/array-api/2022.12/API_specification/generated/array_api.array.T.html#array_api.array.T
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def vector(cls, values: TupleValueLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    def index(self, indices: TupleIntLike) -> Value:
+        """
+        Return the value at the given indices.
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def if_(cls, b: BooleanLike, i: NDArrayLike, j: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+
+NDArrayLike: TypeAlias = NDArray | ValueLike | TupleValueLike
+
+converter(NDArray, IndexKey, lambda v: IndexKey.ndarray(v))
+converter(Value, NDArray, lambda v: NDArray.scalar(v))
+# Need this if we want to use ints in slices of arrays coming from 1d arrays, but make it more expensive
+# to prefer upcasting in the other direction when we can, which is safer at runtime
+converter(NDArray, Value, lambda n: n.to_value(), 100)
+converter(TupleValue, NDArray, lambda v: NDArray.vector(v))
+converter(TupleInt, TupleValue, lambda v: TupleValue.from_tuple_int(v))
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _ndarray(
+    x: NDArray,
+    x1: NDArray,
+    b: Boolean,
+    f: Float,
+    fi1: f64,
+    fi2: f64,
+    shape: TupleInt,
+    dtype: DType,
+    idx_fn: Callable[[TupleInt], Value],
+    idx: TupleInt,
+    tv: TupleValue,
+):
+    return [
+        rewrite(NDArray(shape, dtype, idx_fn).shape).to(shape),
+        rewrite(NDArray(shape, dtype, idx_fn).dtype).to(dtype),
+        rewrite(NDArray(shape, dtype, idx_fn).index(idx), subsume=True).to(idx_fn(idx)),
+        rewrite(x.ndim).to(x.shape.length()),
+        # rewrite(NDArray.scalar(Value.bool(b)).to_bool()).to(b),
+        # Converting to a value requires a scalar bool value
+        rewrite(x.to_value()).to(x.index(TupleInt.EMPTY)),
+        rewrite(NDArray.vector(tv).to_values()).to(tv),
+        # TODO: Push these down to float
+        rewrite(NDArray.scalar(Value.float(f)) / NDArray.scalar(Value.float(f))).to(
+            NDArray.scalar(Value.float(Float(1.0)))
+        ),
+        rewrite(NDArray.scalar(Value.float(f)) - NDArray.scalar(Value.float(f))).to(
+            NDArray.scalar(Value.float(Float(0.0)))
+        ),
+        rewrite(NDArray.scalar(Value.float(Float(fi1))) > NDArray.scalar(Value.float(Float(fi2)))).to(
+            NDArray.scalar(Value.bool(TRUE)), fi1 > fi2
+        ),
+        rewrite(NDArray.scalar(Value.float(Float(fi1))) > NDArray.scalar(Value.float(Float(fi2)))).to(
+            NDArray.scalar(Value.bool(FALSE)), fi1 <= fi2
+        ),
+        # Transpose of tranpose is the original array
+        rewrite(x.T.T).to(x),
+        # if_
+        rewrite(NDArray.if_(TRUE, x, x1)).to(x),
+        rewrite(NDArray.if_(FALSE, x, x1)).to(x1),
+    ]
+
+
+class TupleNDArray(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    EMPTY: ClassVar[TupleNDArray]
+
+    def __init__(self, length: IntLike, idx_fn: Callable[[Int], NDArray]) -> None: ...
+
+    def append(self, i: NDArrayLike) -> TupleNDArray: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_vec(cls, vec: Vec[NDArray]) -> TupleNDArray: ...
+
+    def __add__(self, other: TupleNDArrayLike) -> TupleNDArray:
+        other = cast("TupleNDArray", other)
+        return TupleNDArray(
+            self.length() + other.length(),
+            lambda i: NDArray.if_(i < self.length(), self[i], other[i - self.length()]),
+        )
+
+    def length(self) -> Int: ...
+
+    def __getitem__(self, i: IntLike) -> NDArray: ...
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return self.length().eval()
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[NDArray]:
+        return iter(self.eval())
+
+    @property
+    def to_vec(self) -> Vec[NDArray]: ...
+
+    @method(preserve=True)
+    def eval(self) -> tuple[NDArray, ...]:
+        return try_evaling(_get_current_egraph(), array_api_schedule, self, self.to_vec)
+
+
+converter(Vec[NDArray], TupleNDArray, lambda x: TupleNDArray.from_vec(x))
+
+TupleNDArrayLike: TypeAlias = TupleNDArray | VecLike[NDArray, NDArrayLike]
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _tuple_ndarray(
+    length: Int,
+    idx_fn: Callable[[Int], NDArray],
+    k: i64,
+    idx: Int,
+    vs: Vec[NDArray],
+    v: NDArray,
+    v1: NDArray,
+    tv: TupleNDArray,
+    tv1: TupleNDArray,
+    b: Boolean,
+):
+    yield rule(eq(tv).to(TupleNDArray.from_vec(vs))).then(set_(tv.to_vec).to(vs))
+    yield rewrite(TupleNDArray(length, idx_fn).length()).to(length)
+    yield rewrite(TupleNDArray(length, idx_fn)[idx]).to(idx_fn(check_index(idx, length)))
+
+    # cons access
+    yield rewrite(TupleNDArray.EMPTY.length()).to(Int(0))
+    yield rewrite(TupleNDArray.EMPTY[idx]).to(NDArray.NEVER)
+    yield rewrite(tv.append(v).length()).to(tv.length() + 1)
+    yield rewrite(tv.append(v)[idx]).to(NDArray.if_(idx == tv.length(), v, tv[idx]))
+    # functional to cons
+    yield rewrite(TupleNDArray(0, idx_fn), subsume=True).to(TupleNDArray.EMPTY)
+    yield rewrite(TupleNDArray(Int(k), idx_fn), subsume=True).to(
+        TupleNDArray(k - 1, idx_fn).append(idx_fn(Int(k - 1))), k > 0
+    )
+
+    # cons to vec
+    yield rewrite(TupleNDArray.EMPTY).to(TupleNDArray.from_vec(Vec[NDArray]()))
+    yield rewrite(TupleNDArray.from_vec(vs).append(v)).to(TupleNDArray.from_vec(vs.append(Vec(v))))
+
+    # unify append
+    yield rule(eq(tv.append(v)).to(tv1.append(v1))).then(union(tv).with_(tv1), union(v).with_(v1))
+
+
+class OptionalBool(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    none: ClassVar[OptionalBool]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def some(cls, value: Boolean) -> OptionalBool: ...
+
+
+converter(type(None), OptionalBool, lambda _: OptionalBool.none)
+converter(Boolean, OptionalBool, lambda x: OptionalBool.some(x))
+
+
+class OptionalDType(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    none: ClassVar[OptionalDType]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def some(cls, value: DType) -> OptionalDType: ...
+
+
+converter(type(None), OptionalDType, lambda _: OptionalDType.none)
+converter(DType, OptionalDType, lambda x: OptionalDType.some(x))
+
+
+class OptionalDevice(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    none: ClassVar[OptionalDevice]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def some(cls, value: Device) -> OptionalDevice: ...
+
+
+converter(type(None), OptionalDevice, lambda _: OptionalDevice.none)
+converter(Device, OptionalDevice, lambda x: OptionalDevice.some(x))
+
+
+class OptionalTupleInt(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    none: ClassVar[OptionalTupleInt]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def some(cls, value: TupleIntLike) -> OptionalTupleInt: ...
+
+
+converter(type(None), OptionalTupleInt, lambda _: OptionalTupleInt.none)
+converter(TupleInt, OptionalTupleInt, lambda x: OptionalTupleInt.some(x))
+
+
+class IntOrTuple(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    none: ClassVar[IntOrTuple]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def int(cls, value: Int) -> IntOrTuple: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tuple(cls, value: TupleIntLike) -> IntOrTuple: ...
+
+
+converter(Int, IntOrTuple, lambda v: IntOrTuple.int(v))
+converter(TupleInt, IntOrTuple, lambda v: IntOrTuple.tuple(v))
+
+
+class OptionalIntOrTuple(Expr, ruleset=array_api_ruleset):
+    none: ClassVar[OptionalIntOrTuple]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def some(cls, value: IntOrTuple) -> OptionalIntOrTuple: ...
+
+
+converter(type(None), OptionalIntOrTuple, lambda _: OptionalIntOrTuple.none)
+converter(IntOrTuple, OptionalIntOrTuple, lambda v: OptionalIntOrTuple.some(v))
+
+
+@function
+def asarray(
+    a: NDArray,
+    dtype: OptionalDType = OptionalDType.none,
+    copy: OptionalBool = OptionalBool.none,
+    device: OptionalDevice = OptionalDevice.none,
+) -> NDArray: ...
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _assarray(a: NDArray, d: OptionalDType, ob: OptionalBool):
+    yield rewrite(asarray(a, d, ob).ndim).to(a.ndim)  # asarray doesn't change ndim
+    yield rewrite(asarray(a)).to(a)
+
+
+@function
+def isfinite(x: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+
+@function
+def sum(x: NDArray, axis: OptionalIntOrTuple = OptionalIntOrTuple.none) -> NDArray:
+    """
+    https://data-apis.org/array-api/2022.12/API_specification/generated/array_api.sum.html?highlight=sum
+    """
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _sum(x: NDArray, y: NDArray, v: Value, dtype: DType):
+    return [
+        rewrite(sum(x / NDArray.scalar(v))).to(sum(x) / NDArray.scalar(v)),
+        # Sum of 0D array is
+    ]
+
+
+@function
+def reshape(x: NDArray, shape: TupleIntLike, copy: OptionalBool = OptionalBool.none) -> NDArray: ...
+
+
+# @function
+# def reshape_transform_index(original_shape: TupleInt, shape: TupleInt, index: TupleInt) -> TupleInt:
+#     """
+#     Transforms an indexing operation on a reshaped array to an indexing operation on the original array.
+#     """
+#     ...
+
+
+# @function
+# def reshape_transform_shape(original_shape: TupleInt, shape: TupleInt) -> TupleInt:
+#     """
+#     Transforms the shape of an array to one that is reshaped, by replacing -1 with the correct value.
+#     """
+#     ...
+
+
+# @array_api_ruleset.register
+# def _reshape(
+#     x: NDArray,
+#     y: NDArray,
+#     shape: TupleInt,
+#     copy: OptionalBool,
+#     i: Int,
+#     s: String,
+#     ix: TupleInt,
+# ):
+#     return [
+#         # dtype of result is same as input
+#         rewrite(reshape(x, shape, copy).dtype).to(x.dtype),
+#         # Indexing into a reshaped array is the same as indexing into the original array with a transformed index
+#         rewrite(reshape(x, shape, copy).index(ix)).to(x.index(reshape_transform_index(x.shape, shape, ix))),
+#         rewrite(reshape(x, shape, copy).shape).to(reshape_transform_shape(x.shape, shape)),
+#         # reshape_transform_shape recursively
+#         # TODO: handle all cases
+#         rewrite(reshape_transform_shape(TupleInt(i), TupleInt(Int(-1)))).to(TupleInt(i)),
+#     ]
+
+
+@function
+def unique_values(x: NDArrayLike) -> NDArray:
+    """
+    Returns the unique elements of an input array x flattened with arbitrary ordering.
+
+    https://data-apis.org/array-api/2022.12/API_specification/generated/array_api.unique_values.html
+    """
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _unique_values(x: NDArray):
+    return [
+        rewrite(unique_values(unique_values(x))).to(unique_values(x)),
+    ]
+
+
+@function
+def concat(arrays: TupleNDArrayLike, axis: OptionalInt = OptionalInt.none) -> NDArray: ...
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _concat(x: NDArray):
+    return [
+        # only support no-op concat for now
+        rewrite(concat(TupleNDArray.EMPTY.append(x))).to(x),
+    ]
+
+
+@function
+def astype(x: NDArray, dtype: DType) -> NDArray: ...
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _astype(x: NDArray, dtype: DType, i: i64):
+    return [
+        rewrite(astype(x, dtype).dtype).to(dtype),
+        rewrite(astype(NDArray.scalar(Value.int(Int(i))), float64)).to(
+            NDArray.scalar(Value.float(Float(f64.from_i64(i))))
+        ),
+    ]
+
+
+@function
+def unique_counts(x: NDArray) -> TupleNDArray:
+    """
+    Returns the unique elements of an input array x and the corresponding counts for each unique element in x.
+
+
+    https://data-apis.org/array-api/2022.12/API_specification/generated/array_api.unique_counts.html
+    """
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _unique_counts(x: NDArray, c: NDArray, tv: TupleValue, v: Value, dtype: DType):
+    return [
+        # rewrite(unique_counts(x).length()).to(Int(2)),
+        rewrite(unique_counts(x)).to(TupleNDArray(2, unique_counts(x).__getitem__)),
+        # Sum of all unique counts is the size of the array
+        rewrite(sum(unique_counts(x)[Int(1)])).to(NDArray.scalar(Value.int(x.size))),
+        # Same but with astype in the middle
+        # TODO: Replace
+        rewrite(sum(astype(unique_counts(x)[Int(1)], dtype))).to(astype(NDArray.scalar(Value.int(x.size)), dtype)),
+    ]
+
+
+@function
+def square(x: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+
+@function
+def any(x: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+
+@function(egg_fn="ndarray-abs")
+def abs(x: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+
+@function(egg_fn="ndarray-log")
+def log(x: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _abs(f: Float):
+    return [
+        rewrite(abs(NDArray.scalar(Value.float(f)))).to(NDArray.scalar(Value.float(f.abs()))),
+    ]
+
+
+@function
+def unique_inverse(x: NDArray) -> TupleNDArray:
+    """
+    Returns the unique elements of an input array x and the indices from the set of unique elements that reconstruct x.
+
+    https://data-apis.org/array-api/2022.12/API_specification/generated/array_api.unique_inverse.html
+    """
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _unique_inverse(x: NDArray, i: Int):
+    return [
+        # rewrite(unique_inverse(x).length()).to(Int(2)),
+        rewrite(unique_inverse(x)).to(TupleNDArray(2, unique_inverse(x).__getitem__)),
+        # Shape of unique_inverse first element is same as shape of unique_values
+        rewrite(unique_inverse(x)[Int(0)]).to(unique_values(x)),
+    ]
+
+
+@function
+def zeros(
+    shape: TupleIntLike, dtype: OptionalDType = OptionalDType.none, device: OptionalDevice = OptionalDevice.none
+) -> NDArray: ...
+
+
+@function
+def expand_dims(x: NDArray, axis: Int = Int(0)) -> NDArray: ...
+
+
+@function
+def mean(x: NDArray, axis: OptionalIntOrTuple = OptionalIntOrTuple.none, keepdims: Boolean = FALSE) -> NDArray: ...
+
+
+# TODO: Possibly change names to include modules.
+@function(egg_fn="ndarray-sqrt")
+def sqrt(x: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+
+@function
+def std(x: NDArray, axis: OptionalIntOrTuple = OptionalIntOrTuple.none) -> NDArray: ...
+
+
+@function
+def real(x: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+
+@function
+def conj(x: NDArray) -> NDArray: ...
+
+
+linalg = sys.modules[__name__]
+
+
+@function
+def svd(x: NDArray, full_matrices: Boolean = TRUE) -> TupleNDArray:
+    """
+    https://data-apis.org/array-api/2022.12/extensions/generated/array_api.linalg.svd.html
+    """
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _linalg(x: NDArray, full_matrices: Boolean):
+    return [
+        # rewrite(svd(x, full_matrices).length()).to(Int(3)),
+        rewrite(svd(x, full_matrices)).to(TupleNDArray(3, svd(x, full_matrices).__getitem__)),
+    ]
+
+
+@function(ruleset=array_api_ruleset)
+def ndindex(shape: TupleIntLike) -> TupleTupleInt:
+    """
+    https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.ndindex.html
+    """
+    shape = cast("TupleInt", shape)
+    return shape.map_tuple_int(TupleInt.range).product()
+
+
+##
+# Interval analysis
+#
+# to analyze `any(((astype(unique_counts(NDArray.var("y"))[Int(1)], DType.float64) / NDArray.scalar(Value.float(Float(150.0))) < NDArray.scalar(Value.int(Int(0)))).bool()``
+##
+
+greater_zero = relation("greater_zero", Value)
+
+
+# @function
+# def ndarray_all_greater_0(x: NDArray) -> Unit:
+#     ...
+
+
+# @function
+# def ndarray_all_false(x: NDArray) -> Unit:
+#     ...
+
+
+# @function
+# def ndarray_all_true(x: NDArray) -> Unit:
+#     ...
+
+
+# any((astype(unique_counts(_NDArray_1)[Int(1)], DType.float64) / NDArray.scalar(Value.float(Float(150.0)))) < NDArray.scalar(Value.int(Int(0)))).to_bool()
+
+# sum(astype(unique_counts(_NDArray_1)[Int(1)], DType.float64) / NDArray.scalar(Value.int(Int(150))))
+# And also
+
+# def
+
+
+@function
+def broadcast_index(from_shape: TupleIntLike, to_shape: TupleIntLike, index: TupleIntLike) -> TupleInt:
+    """
+    Returns the index in the original array of the given index in the broadcasted array.
+    """
+
+
+@function
+def broadcast_shapes(shape1: TupleIntLike, shape2: TupleIntLike) -> TupleInt:
+    """
+    Returns the shape of the broadcasted array.
+    """
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _interval_analaysis(
+    x: NDArray,
+    y: NDArray,
+    z: NDArray,
+    dtype: DType,
+    f: f64,
+    i: i64,
+    b: Boolean,
+    idx: TupleInt,
+    v: Value,
+    v1: Value,
+    v2: Value,
+    float_: Float,
+    int_: Int,
+):
+    res_shape = broadcast_shapes(x.shape, y.shape)
+    x_value = x.index(broadcast_index(x.shape, res_shape, idx))
+    y_value = y.index(broadcast_index(y.shape, res_shape, idx))
+    return [
+        # Calling any on an array gives back a sclar, which is true if any of the values are truthy
+        rewrite(any(x)).to(
+            NDArray.scalar(Value.bool(possible_values(x.index(ALL_INDICES).to_truthy_value).contains(Value.bool(TRUE))))
+        ),
+        # Indexing x < y is the same as broadcasting the index and then indexing both and then comparing
+        rewrite((x < y).index(idx)).to(x_value < y_value),
+        # Same for x / y
+        rewrite((x / y).index(idx)).to(x_value / y_value),
+        # Indexing a scalar is the same as the scalar
+        rewrite(NDArray.scalar(v).index(idx)).to(v),
+        # Indexing of astype is same as astype of indexing
+        rewrite(astype(x, dtype).index(idx)).to(x.index(idx).astype(dtype)),
+        # rule(eq(y).to(x < NDArray.scalar(Value.int(Int(0)))), ndarray_all_greater_0(x)).then(ndarray_all_false(y)),
+        # rule(eq(y).to(any(x)), ndarray_all_false(x)).then(union(y).with_(NDArray.scalar(Value.bool(FALSE)))),
+        # Indexing into unique counts counts are all positive
+        rule(
+            eq(v).to(unique_counts(x)[Int(1)].index(idx)),
+        ).then(greater_zero(v)),
+        # Min value preserved over astype
+        rule(
+            greater_zero(v),
+            eq(v1).to(v.astype(dtype)),
+        ).then(
+            greater_zero(v1),
+        ),
+        # Min value of scalar is scalar itself
+        rule(eq(v).to(Value.float(Float(f))), f > 0.0).then(greater_zero(v)),
+        rule(eq(v).to(Value.int(Int(i))), i > 0).then(greater_zero(v)),
+        # If we have divison of v and v1, and both greater than zero, then the result is greater than zero
+        rule(
+            greater_zero(v),
+            greater_zero(v1),
+            eq(v2).to(v / v1),
+        ).then(
+            greater_zero(v2),
+        ),
+        # Define v < 0 to be false, if greater_zero(v)
+        rule(
+            greater_zero(v),
+            eq(v1).to(v < Value.int(Int(0))),
+        ).then(
+            union(v1).with_(Value.bool(FALSE)),
+        ),
+        # possible values of bool is bool
+        rewrite(possible_values(Value.bool(b))).to(TupleValue.EMPTY.append(Value.bool(b))),
+        # casting to a type preserves if > 0
+        rule(
+            eq(v1).to(v.astype(dtype)),
+            greater_zero(v),
+        ).then(
+            greater_zero(v1),
+        ),
+    ]
+
+
+##
+# Mathematical descriptions of arrays as:
+# 1. A shape `.shape`
+# 2. A dtype `.dtype`
+# 3. A mapping from indices to values `x.index(idx)`
+#
+# For all operations that are supported mathematically, define each of the above.
+##
+
+
+def _demand_shape(compound: NDArray, inner: NDArray) -> Command:
+    __a = var("__a", NDArray)
+    return rule(eq(__a).to(compound)).then(inner.shape, inner.shape.length())
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _scalar_math(v: Value, vs: TupleValue, i: Int):
+    yield rewrite(NDArray.scalar(v).shape).to(TupleInt.EMPTY)
+    yield rewrite(NDArray.scalar(v).dtype).to(v.dtype)
+    yield rewrite(NDArray.scalar(v).index(TupleInt.EMPTY)).to(v)
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _vector_math(v: Value, vs: TupleValue, ti: TupleInt):
+    yield rewrite(NDArray.vector(vs).shape).to(TupleInt.single(vs.length()))
+    yield rewrite(NDArray.vector(vs).dtype).to(vs[Int(0)].dtype)
+    yield rewrite(NDArray.vector(vs).index(ti)).to(vs[ti[0]])
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _reshape_math(x: NDArray, shape: TupleInt, copy: OptionalBool):
+    res = reshape(x, shape, copy)
+
+    yield _demand_shape(res, x)
+    # Demand shape length and index
+    yield rule(res).then(shape.length(), shape[0])
+
+    # Reshaping a vec to a vec is the same as the vec
+    yield rewrite(res).to(
+        x,
+        eq(x.shape.length()).to(Int(1)),
+        eq(shape.length()).to(Int(1)),
+        eq(shape[0]).to(Int(-1)),
+    )
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _indexing_pushdown(x: NDArray, shape: TupleInt, copy: OptionalBool, i: Int):
+    # rewrite full getitem to indexec
+    yield rewrite(x[IndexKey.int(i)]).to(NDArray.scalar(x.index(TupleInt.single(i))))
+    # TODO: Multi index rewrite as well if all are ints
+
+
+##
+# Assumptions
+##
+
+
+@function(mutates_first_arg=True)
+def assume_dtype(x: NDArray, dtype: DType) -> None:
+    """
+    Asserts that the dtype of x is dtype.
+    """
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _assume_dtype(x: NDArray, dtype: DType, idx: TupleInt):
+    orig_x = copy(x)
+    assume_dtype(x, dtype)
+    yield rewrite(x.dtype).to(dtype)
+    yield rewrite(x.shape).to(orig_x.shape)
+    yield rewrite(x.index(idx)).to(orig_x.index(idx))
+
+
+@function(mutates_first_arg=True)
+def assume_shape(x: NDArray, shape: TupleIntLike) -> None:
+    """
+    Asserts that the shape of x is shape.
+    """
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _assume_shape(x: NDArray, shape: TupleInt, idx: TupleInt):
+    orig_x = copy(x)
+    assume_shape(x, shape)
+    yield rewrite(x.shape).to(shape)
+    yield rewrite(x.dtype).to(orig_x.dtype)
+    yield rewrite(x.index(idx)).to(orig_x.index(idx))
+
+
+@function(mutates_first_arg=True)
+def assume_isfinite(x: NDArray) -> None:
+    """
+    Asserts that the scalar ndarray is non null and not infinite.
+    """
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _isfinite(x: NDArray, ti: TupleInt):
+    orig_x = copy(x)
+    assume_isfinite(x)
+
+    # pass through getitem, shape, index
+    yield rewrite(x.shape).to(orig_x.shape)
+    yield rewrite(x.dtype).to(orig_x.dtype)
+    yield rewrite(x.index(ti)).to(orig_x.index(ti))
+    # But say that any indixed value is finite
+    yield rewrite(x.index(ti).isfinite()).to(TRUE)
+
+
+@function(mutates_first_arg=True)
+def assume_value_one_of(x: NDArray, values: TupleValueLike) -> None:
+    """
+    A value that is one of the values in the tuple.
+    """
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _assume_value_one_of(x: NDArray, v: Value, vs: TupleValue, idx: TupleInt):
+    x_orig = copy(x)
+    assume_value_one_of(x, vs)
+    # Pass through dtype and shape
+    yield rewrite(x.shape).to(x_orig.shape)
+    yield rewrite(x.dtype).to(x_orig.dtype)
+    # The array vales passes through, but say that the possible_values are one of the values
+    yield rule(eq(v).to(x.index(idx))).then(
+        union(v).with_(x_orig.index(idx)),
+        union(possible_values(v)).with_(vs),
+    )
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _ndarray_value_isfinite(arr: NDArray, x: Value, xs: TupleValue, i: Int, f: f64, b: Boolean):
+    yield rewrite(Value.int(i).isfinite()).to(TRUE)
+    yield rewrite(Value.bool(b).isfinite()).to(TRUE)
+    yield rewrite(Value.float(Float(f)).isfinite()).to(TRUE, ne(f).to(f64(math.nan)))
+
+    # a sum of an array is finite if all the values are finite
+    yield rewrite(isfinite(sum(arr))).to(NDArray.scalar(Value.bool(arr.index(ALL_INDICES).isfinite())))
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _unique(xs: TupleValue, a: NDArray, shape: TupleInt, copy: OptionalBool):
+    yield rewrite(unique_values(x=a)).to(NDArray.vector(possible_values(a.index(ALL_INDICES))))
+    # yield rewrite(
+    #     possible_values(reshape(a.index(shape, copy), ALL_INDICES)),
+    # ).to(possible_values(a.index(ALL_INDICES)))
+
+
+@array_api_ruleset.register
+def _size(x: NDArray):
+    yield rewrite(x.size).to(x.shape.foldl(Int.__mul__, Int(1)))
+
+
+# Seperate rulseset so we can use it in program gen
+@ruleset
+def array_api_vec_to_cons_ruleset(
+    vs: Vec[Int],
+    vv: Vec[Value],
+    vn: Vec[NDArray],
+    vt: Vec[TupleInt],
+):
+    yield rewrite(TupleInt.from_vec(vs)).to(TupleInt.EMPTY, eq(vs.length()).to(i64(0)))
+    yield rewrite(TupleInt.from_vec(vs)).to(
+        TupleInt.from_vec(vs.remove(vs.length() - 1)).append(vs[vs.length() - 1]), ne(vs.length()).to(i64(0))
+    )
+
+    yield rewrite(TupleValue.from_vec(vv)).to(TupleValue.EMPTY, eq(vv.length()).to(i64(0)))
+    yield rewrite(TupleValue.from_vec(vv)).to(
+        TupleValue.from_vec(vv.remove(vv.length() - 1)).append(vv[vv.length() - 1]), ne(vv.length()).to(i64(0))
+    )
+
+    yield rewrite(TupleTupleInt.from_vec(vt)).to(TupleTupleInt.EMPTY, eq(vt.length()).to(i64(0)))
+    yield rewrite(TupleTupleInt.from_vec(vt)).to(
+        TupleTupleInt.from_vec(vt.remove(vt.length() - 1)).append(vt[vt.length() - 1]), ne(vt.length()).to(i64(0))
+    )
+    yield rewrite(TupleNDArray.from_vec(vn)).to(TupleNDArray.EMPTY, eq(vn.length()).to(i64(0)))
+    yield rewrite(TupleNDArray.from_vec(vn)).to(
+        TupleNDArray.from_vec(vn.remove(vn.length() - 1)).append(vn[vn.length() - 1]), ne(vn.length()).to(i64(0))
+    )
+
+
+array_api_combined_ruleset = array_api_ruleset | array_api_vec_to_cons_ruleset
+array_api_schedule = array_api_combined_ruleset.saturate()
+
+_CURRENT_EGRAPH: None | EGraph = None
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def set_array_api_egraph(egraph: EGraph) -> Iterator[None]:
+    """
+    Context manager that will set the current egraph. It will be set back after.
+    """
+    global _CURRENT_EGRAPH
+    assert _CURRENT_EGRAPH is None
+    _CURRENT_EGRAPH = egraph
+    yield
+    _CURRENT_EGRAPH = None
+
+
+def _get_current_egraph() -> EGraph:
+    return _CURRENT_EGRAPH or EGraph()
+
+
+def try_evaling(egraph: EGraph, schedule: Schedule, expr: Expr, prim_expr: BuiltinExpr) -> Any:
+    """
+    Try evaling the expression that will result in a primitive expression being fill.
+    if it fails, display the egraph and raise an error.
+    """
+    try:
+        extracted = egraph.extract(prim_expr)
+    except EggSmolError:
+        # If this primitive doesn't exist in the egraph, we need to try to create it by
+        # registering the expression and running the schedule
+        egraph.register(expr)
+        egraph.run(schedule)
+        try:
+            extracted = egraph.extract(prim_expr)
+        except BaseException as e:
+            # egraph.display(n_inline_leaves=1, split_primitive_outputs=True)
+            e.add_note(f"Cannot evaluate {egraph.extract(expr)}")
+            raise
+    return extracted.value  # type: ignore[attr-defined]