django-ninja-aio-crud 2.3.2__py3-none-any.whl → 2.5.0__py3-none-any.whl

ninja_aio/models/serializers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,888 @@
+from typing import Any, List, Optional
+import warnings
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from ninja import Schema
+from ninja.orm import create_schema
+from django.db import models
+from django.http import HttpRequest
+from django.db.models.fields.related_descriptors import (
+    ReverseManyToOneDescriptor,
+    ReverseOneToOneDescriptor,
+    ManyToManyDescriptor,
+    ForwardManyToOneDescriptor,
+    ForwardOneToOneDescriptor,
+)
+
+from ninja_aio.types import S_TYPES, F_TYPES, SCHEMA_TYPES, ModelSerializerMeta
+from ninja_aio.schemas.helpers import (
+    ModelQuerySetSchema,
+    ModelQuerySetExtraSchema,
+)
+
+
+class BaseSerializer:
+    """
+    BaseSerializer
+    --------------
+    Shared serializer utilities used by both ModelSerializer (model-bound) and
+    Serializer (Meta-driven). Centralizes common field normalization, relation
+    schema construction and schema generation helpers.
+
+    Subclasses must implement:
+    - _get_fields(s_type, f_type): source raw config for fields/optionals/customs/excludes
+    - _get_model(): return the Django model class associated with the serializer
+    - _get_relations_serializers(): optional mapping of relation field -> serializer (may be empty)
+    """
+
+    class QuerySet:
+        """
+        Configuration container describing how to build query schemas for a model.
+        Purpose
+        -------
+        Describes which fields and extras are available when querying for model
+        instances. A factory/metaclass can read this configuration to generate
+        Pydantic / Ninja query schemas.
+        Attributes
+        ----------
+        read : ModelQuerySetSchema
+            Schema configuration for read operations.
+        queryset_request : ModelQuerySetSchema
+            Schema configuration for queryset_request hook.
+        extras : list[ModelQuerySetExtraSchema]
+            Additional computed / synthetic query parameters.
+        """
+
+        read = ModelQuerySetSchema()
+        queryset_request = ModelQuerySetSchema()
+        extras: list[ModelQuerySetExtraSchema] = []
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_fields(cls, s_type: type[S_TYPES], f_type: type[F_TYPES]):
+        # Subclasses provide implementation.
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_model(cls) -> models.Model:
+        # Subclasses provide implementation.
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_relations_serializers(cls) -> dict[str, "Serializer"]:
+        # Optional in subclasses. Default to no explicit relation serializers.
+        return {}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _is_special_field(
+        cls, s_type: type[S_TYPES], field: str, f_type: type[F_TYPES]
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Return True if field appears in the given category for s_type."""
+        special_fields = cls._get_fields(s_type, f_type)
+        return any(field in special_f for special_f in special_fields)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_custom_fields(cls, s_type: type[S_TYPES]) -> list[tuple[str, type, Any]]:
+        """
+        Normalize declared custom field specs into (name, py_type, default).
+        Accepted tuple shapes:
+        - (name, py_type, default)
+        - (name, py_type) -> default Ellipsis (required)
+        """
+        raw_customs = cls._get_fields(s_type, "customs") or []
+        normalized: list[tuple[str, type, Any]] = []
+        for spec in raw_customs:
+            if not isinstance(spec, tuple):
+                raise ValueError(f"Custom field spec must be a tuple, got {type(spec)}")
+            match len(spec):
+                case 3:
+                    name, py_type, default = spec
+                case 2:
+                    name, py_type = spec
+                    default = ...
+                case _:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"Custom field tuple must have length 2 or 3 (name, type[, default]); got {len(spec)}"
+                    )
+            normalized.append((name, py_type, default))
+        return normalized
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_optional_fields(cls, s_type: type[S_TYPES]):
+        """Return optional field specs normalized to (name, type, None)."""
+        return [
+            (field, field_type, None)
+            for field, field_type in cls._get_fields(s_type, "optionals")
+        ]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_excluded_fields(cls, s_type: type[S_TYPES]):
+        """Return excluded field names for the serializer type."""
+        return cls._get_fields(s_type, "excludes")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_fields(cls, s_type: type[S_TYPES]):
+        """Return explicit declared fields for the serializer type."""
+        return cls._get_fields(s_type, "fields")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_custom(cls, field: str) -> bool:
+        """True if field is declared as a custom input in create or update."""
+        return cls._is_special_field(
+            "create", field, "customs"
+        ) or cls._is_special_field("update", field, "customs")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_optional(cls, field: str) -> bool:
+        """True if field is declared as optional in create or update."""
+        return cls._is_special_field(
+            "create", field, "optionals"
+        ) or cls._is_special_field("update", field, "optionals")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _build_schema_reverse_rel(cls, field_name: str, descriptor: Any):
+        """
+        Build a reverse relation schema component for 'Out' schema generation.
+        Returns a custom field tuple or None to skip.
+        """
+        # Resolve related model and cardinality
+        if isinstance(descriptor, ManyToManyDescriptor):
+            # M2M uses the same descriptor on both sides; rely on .reverse to pick the model
+            rel_model: models.Model = (
+                descriptor.field.model
+                if descriptor.reverse
+                else descriptor.field.related_model
+            )
+            many = True
+        elif isinstance(descriptor, ReverseManyToOneDescriptor):
+            rel_model = descriptor.field.model
+            many = True
+        else:  # ReverseOneToOneDescriptor
+            rel_model = descriptor.related.related_model
+            many = False
+
+        schema = None
+        if isinstance(rel_model, ModelSerializerMeta):
+            # Auto-include if related model exposes readable data
+            if rel_model.get_fields("read") or rel_model.get_custom_fields("read"):
+                schema = rel_model.generate_related_s()
+        else:
+            # Use explicit serializer when provided by subclasses
+            rel_serializers = cls._get_relations_serializers() or {}
+            serializer = rel_serializers.get(field_name)
+            if serializer:
+                schema = serializer.generate_related_s()
+
+        if not schema:
+            return None
+
+        rel_schema_type = schema if not many else list[schema]
+        return (field_name, rel_schema_type | None, None)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _build_schema_forward_rel(cls, field_name: str, descriptor: Any):
+        """
+        Build a forward relation schema component for 'Out' schema generation.
+        Returns True to treat as plain field, a custom field tuple to include relation schema,
+        or None to skip entirely.
+        """
+        rel_model = descriptor.field.related_model
+
+        schema = None
+        if isinstance(rel_model, ModelSerializerMeta):
+            # Prefer auto-inclusion when the related model is a ModelSerializer
+            if rel_model.get_fields("read") or rel_model.get_custom_fields("read"):
+                schema = rel_model.generate_related_s()
+            else:
+                # Explicit ModelSerializer with no readable fields -> skip entirely
+                return None
+        else:
+            # Fall back to an explicitly provided serializer mapping
+            rel_serializers = cls._get_relations_serializers() or {}
+            serializer = rel_serializers.get(field_name)
+            if serializer:
+                schema = serializer.generate_related_s()
+
+        if not schema:
+            # Could not build a schema: treat as a plain field (serialize as-is)
+            return True
+
+        # Forward relations are single objects; allow nullability
+        return (field_name, schema | None, None)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_schema_out_data(cls):
+        """
+        Collect components for 'Out' read schema generation.
+        Returns (fields, reverse_rel_descriptors, excludes, custom_fields_with_forward_relations, optionals).
+        Enforces relation serializers only when provided by subclass via _get_relations_serializers.
+        """
+        fields: list[str] = []
+        reverse_rels: list[tuple] = []
+        rels: list[tuple] = []
+        relations_serializers = cls._get_relations_serializers() or {}
+        model = cls._get_model()
+
+        for f in cls.get_fields("read"):
+            field_obj = getattr(model, f)
+            is_reverse = isinstance(
+                field_obj,
+                (
+                    ManyToManyDescriptor,
+                    ReverseManyToOneDescriptor,
+                    ReverseOneToOneDescriptor,
+                ),
+            )
+            is_forward = isinstance(
+                field_obj, (ForwardOneToOneDescriptor, ForwardManyToOneDescriptor)
+            )
+
+            # If explicit relation serializers are declared, require mapping presence.
+            if (
+                is_reverse
+                and not isinstance(model, ModelSerializerMeta)
+                and f not in relations_serializers
+                and not getattr(settings, "NINJA_AIO_TESTING", False)
+            ):
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f"{cls.__name__}: reverse relation '{f}' is listed in read fields but has no entry in relations_serializers; "
+                    "it will be auto-resolved only for ModelSerializer relations, otherwise skipped.",
+                    UserWarning,
+                    stacklevel=2,
+                )
+
+            # Reverse relations
+            if is_reverse:
+                rel_tuple = cls._build_schema_reverse_rel(f, field_obj)
+                if rel_tuple:
+                    reverse_rels.append(rel_tuple)
+                continue
+
+            # Forward relations
+            if is_forward:
+                rel_tuple = cls._build_schema_forward_rel(f, field_obj)
+                if rel_tuple is True:
+                    fields.append(f)
+                elif rel_tuple:
+                    rels.append(rel_tuple)
+                # None -> skip entirely
+                continue
+
+            # Plain field
+            fields.append(f)
+
+        return (
+            fields,
+            reverse_rels,
+            cls.get_excluded_fields("read"),
+            cls.get_custom_fields("read") + rels,
+            cls.get_optional_fields("read"),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _generate_model_schema(
+        cls,
+        schema_type: type[SCHEMA_TYPES],
+        depth: int = None,
+    ) -> Schema:
+        """
+        Core schema factory bridging configuration to ninja.orm.create_schema.
+        Handles In/Patch/Out/Related.
+        """
+        model = cls._get_model()
+        match schema_type:
+            case "In":
+                s_type = "create"
+            case "Patch":
+                s_type = "update"
+            case "Out":
+                fields, reverse_rels, excludes, customs, optionals = (
+                    cls.get_schema_out_data()
+                )
+                if not fields and not reverse_rels and not excludes and not customs:
+                    return None
+                return create_schema(
+                    model=model,
+                    name=f"{model._meta.model_name}SchemaOut",
+                    depth=depth,
+                    fields=fields,
+                    custom_fields=reverse_rels + customs + optionals,
+                    exclude=excludes,
+                )
+            case "Related":
+                # Related schema includes only non-relational declared fields + customs
+                fields, customs = cls.get_related_schema_data()
+                if not fields and not customs:
+                    return None
+                return create_schema(
+                    model=model,
+                    name=f"{model._meta.model_name}SchemaRelated",
+                    fields=fields,
+                    custom_fields=customs,
+                )
+        fields = cls.get_fields(s_type)
+        optionals = cls.get_optional_fields(s_type)
+        customs = cls.get_custom_fields(s_type) + optionals
+        excludes = cls.get_excluded_fields(s_type)
+        if not fields and not excludes:
+            fields = [f[0] for f in optionals]
+        return (
+            create_schema(
+                model=model,
+                name=f"{model._meta.model_name}Schema{schema_type}",
+                fields=fields,
+                custom_fields=customs,
+                exclude=excludes,
+            )
+            if fields or customs or excludes
+            else None
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_related_schema_data(cls):
+        """
+        Build field/custom lists for 'Related' schema, flattening non-relational fields.
+        """
+        fields = cls.get_fields("read")
+        custom_f = {
+            name: (value, default)
+            for name, value, default in cls.get_custom_fields("read")
+        }
+        _related_fields = []
+        model = cls._get_model()
+        for f in fields + list(custom_f.keys()):
+            field_obj = getattr(model, f)
+            if not isinstance(
+                field_obj,
+                (
+                    ManyToManyDescriptor,
+                    ReverseManyToOneDescriptor,
+                    ReverseOneToOneDescriptor,
+                    ForwardManyToOneDescriptor,
+                    ForwardOneToOneDescriptor,
+                ),
+            ):
+                _related_fields.append(f)
+        if not _related_fields:
+            return None, None
+        custom_related_fields = [
+            (f, *custom_f[f]) for f in _related_fields if f in custom_f
+        ]
+        related_fields = [f for f in _related_fields if f not in custom_f]
+        return related_fields, custom_related_fields
+
+    @classmethod
+    def generate_read_s(cls, depth: int = 1) -> Schema:
+        """Generate read (Out) schema."""
+        return cls._generate_model_schema("Out", depth)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def generate_create_s(cls) -> Schema:
+        """Generate create (In) schema."""
+        return cls._generate_model_schema("In")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def generate_update_s(cls) -> Schema:
+        """Generate update (Patch) schema."""
+        return cls._generate_model_schema("Patch")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def generate_related_s(cls) -> Schema:
+        """Generate related (nested) schema."""
+        return cls._generate_model_schema("Related")
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def queryset_request(cls, request: HttpRequest):
+        """
+        Override to return a request-scoped filtered queryset.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        request : HttpRequest
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        QuerySet
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class ModelSerializer(models.Model, BaseSerializer, metaclass=ModelSerializerMeta):
+    """
+    ModelSerializer
+    =================
+    Model-bound serializer mixin centralizing declarative configuration directly
+    on the model class. Inherits common behavior from BaseSerializer and adds
+    lifecycle hooks and query utilities.
+    """
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs):
+        super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
+        from ninja_aio.models.utils import ModelUtil
+        from ninja_aio.helpers.query import QueryUtil
+
+        # Bind a ModelUtil instance to the subclass for convenient access
+        cls.util = ModelUtil(cls)
+        cls.query_util = QueryUtil(cls)
+
+    class Meta:
+        abstract = True
+
+    class CreateSerializer:
+        """Configuration container describing how to build a create (input) schema for a model.
+
+        Purpose
+        -------
+        Describes which fields are accepted (and in what form) when creating a new
+        instance. A factory/metaclass can read this configuration to generate a
+        Pydantic / Ninja input schema.
+
+        Attributes
+        ----------
+        fields : list[str]
+            REQUIRED model fields.
+        optionals : list[tuple[str, type]]
+            Optional model fields (nullable / patch-like).
+        customs : list[tuple[str, type, Any]]
+            Synthetic input fields (non-model).
+        excludes : list[str]
+            Disallowed model fields on create (e.g., id, timestamps).
+        """
+
+        fields: list[str] = []
+        customs: list[tuple[str, type, Any]] = []
+        optionals: list[tuple[str, type]] = []
+        excludes: list[str] = []
+
+    class ReadSerializer:
+        """Configuration describing how to build a read (output) schema.
+
+        Attributes
+        ----------
+        fields : list[str]
+            Explicit model fields to include.
+        excludes : list[str]
+            Fields to force exclude (safety).
+        customs : list[tuple[str, type, Any]]
+            Computed / synthetic output attributes.
+        optionals : list[tuple[str, type]]
+            Optional output fields.
+        """
+
+        fields: list[str] = []
+        customs: list[tuple[str, type, Any]] = []
+        optionals: list[tuple[str, type]] = []
+        excludes: list[str] = []
+
+    class UpdateSerializer:
+        """Configuration describing update (PATCH/PUT) schema.
+
+        Attributes
+        ----------
+        fields : list[str]
+            Required update fields (rare).
+        optionals : list[tuple[str, type]]
+            Editable optional fields.
+        customs : list[tuple[str, type, Any]]
+            Synthetic operational inputs.
+        excludes : list[str]
+            Immutable / blocked fields.
+        """
+
+        fields: list[str] = []
+        customs: list[tuple[str, type, Any]] = []
+        optionals: list[tuple[str, type]] = []
+        excludes: list[str] = []
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_fields(cls, s_type: type[S_TYPES], f_type: type[F_TYPES]):
+        """
+        Internal accessor for raw configuration lists.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        s_type : str
+            Serializer type ("create" | "update" | "read").
+        f_type : str
+            Field category ("fields" | "optionals" | "customs" | "excludes").
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        list
+            Raw configuration list or empty list.
+        """
+        match s_type:
+            case "create":
+                fields = getattr(cls.CreateSerializer, f_type, [])
+            case "update":
+                fields = getattr(cls.UpdateSerializer, f_type, [])
+            case "read":
+                fields = getattr(cls.ReadSerializer, f_type, [])
+        return fields
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_model(cls) -> "ModelSerializer":
+        """Return the model class itself."""
+        return cls
+
+    @classmethod
+    def verbose_name_path_resolver(cls) -> str:
+        """
+        Slugify plural verbose name for URL path segment.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        str
+        """
+        return "-".join(cls._meta.verbose_name_plural.split(" "))
+
+    def has_changed(self, field: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if a model field has changed compared to the persisted value.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        field : str
+            Field name.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        bool
+            True if in-memory value differs from DB value.
+        """
+        if not self.pk:
+            return False
+        old_value = (
+            self.__class__._default_manager.filter(pk=self.pk)
+            .values(field)
+            .get()[field]
+        )
+        return getattr(self, field) != old_value
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def queryset_request(cls, request: HttpRequest):
+        return cls.query_util.apply_queryset_optimizations(
+            queryset=cls.objects.all(),
+            scope=cls.query_util.SCOPES.QUERYSET_REQUEST,
+        )
+
+    async def post_create(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Async hook executed after first persistence (create path).
+        """
+        pass
+
+    async def custom_actions(self, payload: dict[str, Any]):
+        """
+        Async hook for reacting to provided custom (synthetic) fields.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        payload : dict
+            Custom field name/value pairs.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def after_save(self):
+        """
+        Sync hook executed after any save (create or update).
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def before_save(self):
+        """
+        Sync hook executed before any save (create or update).
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def on_create_after_save(self):
+        """
+        Sync hook executed only after initial creation save.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def on_create_before_save(self):
+        """
+        Sync hook executed only before initial creation save.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def on_delete(self):
+        """
+        Sync hook executed after delete.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Override save lifecycle to inject create/update hooks.
+        """
+        state_adding = self._state.adding
+        if state_adding:
+            self.on_create_before_save()
+        self.before_save()
+        super().save(*args, **kwargs)
+        if state_adding:
+            self.on_create_after_save()
+        self.after_save()
+
+    def delete(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Override delete to inject on_delete hook.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        tuple(int, dict)
+            Django delete return signature.
+        """
+        res = super().delete(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.on_delete()
+        return res
+
+
+class SchemaModelConfig(Schema):
+    """
+    SchemaModelConfig
+    -----------------
+    Configuration container for declarative schema definitions.
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    fields : Optional[List[str]]
+        Explicit model fields to include.
+    optionals : Optional[List[tuple[str, type]]]
+        Optional model fields.
+    exclude : Optional[List[str]]
+        Model fields to exclude.
+    customs : Optional[List[tuple[str, type, Any]]]
+        Custom / synthetic fields.
+    """
+
+    fields: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    optionals: Optional[List[tuple[str, type]]] = None
+    exclude: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    customs: Optional[List[tuple[str, type, Any]]] = None
+
+
+class Serializer(BaseSerializer):
+    """
+    Serializer
+    ----------
+    Meta-driven serializer for arbitrary Django models. Shares common behavior
+    from BaseSerializer but sources configuration from the nested Meta class.
+    Supports optional relations_serializers mapping to explicitly include related
+    schema components during read schema generation.
+    """
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs):
+        super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
+        from ninja_aio.models.utils import ModelUtil
+        from ninja_aio.helpers.query import QueryUtil
+
+        cls.model = cls._get_model()
+        cls.schema_in = cls.generate_create_s()
+        cls.schema_out = cls.generate_read_s()
+        cls.schema_update = cls.generate_update_s()
+        cls.schema_related = cls.generate_related_s()
+        cls.util = ModelUtil(cls._get_model(), serializer_class=cls)
+        cls.query_util = QueryUtil(cls)
+
+    class Meta:
+        model: models.Model = None
+        schema_in: Optional[SchemaModelConfig] = None
+        schema_out: Optional[SchemaModelConfig] = None
+        schema_update: Optional[SchemaModelConfig] = None
+        relations_serializers: dict[str, "Serializer"] = {}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_meta_data(cls, attr_name: str) -> Any:
+        return getattr(cls.Meta, attr_name, None)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_model(cls) -> models.Model:
+        return cls._validate_model()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_relations_serializers(cls) -> dict[str, "Serializer"]:
+        relations_serializers = cls._get_meta_data("relations_serializers")
+        return relations_serializers or {}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_schema_meta(cls, schema_type: str) -> SchemaModelConfig | None:
+        match schema_type:
+            case "in":
+                return cls._get_meta_data("schema_in")
+            case "out":
+                return cls._get_meta_data("schema_out")
+            case "update":
+                return cls._get_meta_data("schema_update")
+            case _:
+                return None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _validate_model(cls):
+        model = cls._get_meta_data("model")
+        if not model:
+            raise ValueError("Meta.model must be defined for Serializer.")
+        if not issubclass(model, models.Model):
+            raise ValueError("Meta.model must be a Django model")
+        return model
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_fields(cls, s_type: type[S_TYPES], f_type: type[F_TYPES]):
+        """Internal accessor for raw configuration lists from Meta schemas."""
+        schema = {
+            "create": cls._get_schema_meta("in"),
+            "update": cls._get_schema_meta("update"),
+            "read": cls._get_schema_meta("out"),
+        }.get(s_type)
+        if not schema:
+            return []
+        return getattr(schema, f_type, []) or []
+
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def queryset_request(cls, request: HttpRequest):
+        return cls.query_util.apply_queryset_optimizations(
+            queryset=cls.model._default_manager.all(),
+            scope=cls.query_util.SCOPES.QUERYSET_REQUEST,
+        )
+
+    async def post_create(self, instance: models.Model) -> None:
+        """
+        Async hook executed after first persistence (create path).
+        """
+        pass
+
+    async def custom_actions(self, payload: dict[str, Any], instance: models.Model):
+        """
+        Async hook for reacting to provided custom (synthetic) fields.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        payload : dict
+            Custom field name/value pairs.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    async def save(self, instance: models.Model) -> models.Model:
+        """
+        Async helper to save a model instance with lifecycle hooks.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        instance : models.Model
+            The model instance to save.
+        """
+        creation = instance._state.adding
+        if creation:
+            self.on_create_before_save(instance)
+        self.before_save(instance)
+        await instance.asave()
+        if creation:
+            self.on_create_after_save(instance)
+        self.after_save(instance)
+        return instance
+
+    async def create(self, payload: dict[str, Any]) -> models.Model:
+        """
+        Create a new model instance from the provided payload.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        payload : dict
+            Input data.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        models.Model
+            Created model instance.
+        """
+        instance: models.Model = self.model(**payload)
+        return await self.save(instance)
+
+    async def update(
+        self, instance: models.Model, payload: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> models.Model:
+        """
+        Update an existing model instance with the provided payload.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        instance : models.Model
+            The model instance to update.
+        payload : dict
+            Input data.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        models.Model
+            Updated model instance.
+        """
+        for attr, value in payload.items():
+            setattr(instance, attr, value)
+        return await self.save(instance)
+
+    async def model_dump(self, instance: models.Model) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Serialize a model instance to a dictionary using the Out schema.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        instance : models.Model
+            The model instance to serialize.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        dict
+            Serialized data.
+        """
+        return await self.model_util.read_s(schema=self.schema_out, instance=instance)
+
+    async def models_dump(
+        self, instances: models.QuerySet[models.Model]
+    ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """
+        Serialize a list of model instances to a list of dictionaries using the Out schema.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        instances : list[models.Model]
+            The list of model instances to serialize.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        list[dict]
+            List of serialized data.
+        """
+        return await self.model_util.list_read_s(
+            schema=self.schema_out, instances=instances
+        )
+
+    def after_save(self, instance: models.Model):
+        """
+        Sync hook executed after any save (create or update).
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def before_save(self, instance: models.Model):
+        """
+        Sync hook executed before any save (create or update).
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def on_create_after_save(self, instance: models.Model):
+        """
+        Sync hook executed only after initial creation save.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def on_create_before_save(self, instance: models.Model):
+        """
+        Sync hook executed only before initial creation save.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def on_delete(self, instance: models.Model):
+        """
+        Sync hook executed after delete.
+        """
+        pass