cuda-cccl 0.1.3.2.0.dev271__cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_26_x86_64.whl

cuda/cccl/headers/include/cub/block/block_radix_sort.cuh

@@ -0,0 +1,2193 @@
+/******************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (c) 2011, Duane Merrill.  All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2018, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL NVIDIA CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * @file
+ * The cub::BlockRadixSort class provides [<em>collective</em>](../index.html#sec0) methods for radix
+ * sorting of items partitioned across a CUDA thread block.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cub/config.cuh>
+
+#if defined(_CCCL_IMPLICIT_SYSTEM_HEADER_GCC)
+#  pragma GCC system_header
+#elif defined(_CCCL_IMPLICIT_SYSTEM_HEADER_CLANG)
+#  pragma clang system_header
+#elif defined(_CCCL_IMPLICIT_SYSTEM_HEADER_MSVC)
+#  pragma system_header
+#endif // no system header
+
+#include <cub/block/block_exchange.cuh>
+#include <cub/block/block_radix_rank.cuh>
+#include <cub/block/radix_rank_sort_operations.cuh>
+#include <cub/util_ptx.cuh>
+#include <cub/util_type.cuh>
+
+#include <cuda/std/__algorithm_>
+#include <cuda/std/type_traits>
+
+CUB_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! @rst
+//! BlockRadixSort class provides :ref:`collective <collective-primitives>` methods for sorting
+//! items partitioned across a CUDA thread block using a radix sorting method.
+//!
+//! .. image:: ../../img/sorting_logo.png
+//!     :align: center
+//!
+//! Overview
+//! --------------------------------------------------
+//!
+//! The `radix sorting method <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radix_sort>`_ arranges
+//! items into ascending order. It relies upon a positional representation for
+//! keys, i.e., each key is comprised of an ordered sequence of symbols (e.g., digits,
+//! characters, etc.) specified from least-significant to most-significant.  For a
+//! given input sequence of keys and a set of rules specifying a total ordering
+//! of the symbolic alphabet, the radix sorting method produces a lexicographic
+//! ordering of those keys.
+//!
+//! @rowmajor
+//!
+//! Supported Types
+//! --------------------------------------------------
+//!
+//! BlockRadixSort can sort all of the built-in C++ numeric primitive types
+//! (``unsigned char``, ``int``, ``double``, etc.) as well as CUDA's ``__half``
+//! half-precision floating-point type. User-defined types are supported as long
+//! as decomposer object is provided.
+//!
+//! Floating-Point Special Cases
+//! --------------------------------------------------
+//!
+//! - Positive and negative zeros are considered equivalent, and will be treated
+//!   as such in the output.
+//! - No special handling is implemented for NaN values; these are sorted
+//!   according to their bit representations after any transformations.
+//!
+//! Bitwise Key Transformations
+//! --------------------------------------------------
+//!
+//! Although the direct radix sorting method can only be applied to unsigned
+//! integral types, BlockRadixSort is able to sort signed and floating-point
+//! types via simple bit-wise transformations that ensure lexicographic key
+//! ordering.
+//!
+//! These transformations must be considered when restricting the
+//! ``[begin_bit, end_bit)`` range, as the bitwise transformations will occur
+//! before the bit-range truncation.
+//!
+//! Any transformations applied to the keys prior to sorting are reversed
+//! while writing to the final output buffer.
+//!
+//! Type Specific Bitwise Transformations
+//! --------------------------------------------------
+//!
+//! To convert the input values into a radix-sortable bitwise representation,
+//! the following transformations take place prior to sorting:
+//!
+//! * For unsigned integral values, the keys are used directly.
+//! * For signed integral values, the sign bit is inverted.
+//! * For positive floating point values, the sign bit is inverted.
+//! * For negative floating point values, the full key is inverted.
+//!
+//! No Descending Sort Transformations
+//! --------------------------------------------------
+//!
+//! Unlike ``DeviceRadixSort``, ``BlockRadixSort`` does not invert the input key bits
+//! when performing a descending sort. Instead, it has special logic to reverse
+//! the order of the keys while sorting.
+//!
+//! Stability
+//! --------------------------------------------------
+//!
+//! BlockRadixSort is stable. For floating-point types -0.0 and +0.0
+//! are considered equal and appear in the result in the same order as they
+//! appear in the input.
+//!
+//!
+//! Performance Considerations
+//! --------------------------------------------------
+//!
+//! * @granularity
+//!
+//! A Simple Example
+//! --------------------------------------------------
+//!
+//! @blockcollective{BlockRadixSort}
+//!
+//! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 512 integer keys that
+//! are partitioned in a [<em>blocked arrangement</em>](../index.html#sec5sec3) across 128 threads
+//! where each thread owns 4 consecutive items.
+//!
+//! .. tab-set-code::
+//!
+//!    .. code-block:: c++
+//!
+//!        #include <cub/cub.cuh>   // or equivalently <cub/block/block_radix_sort.cuh>
+//!
+//!        __global__ void kernel(...)
+//!        {
+//!            // Specialize BlockRadixSort for a 1D block of 128 threads owning 4 integer items each
+//!            using BlockRadixSort = cub::BlockRadixSort<int, 128, 4>;
+//!
+//!            // Allocate shared memory for BlockRadixSort
+//!            __shared__ typename BlockRadixSort::TempStorage temp_storage;
+//!
+//!            // Obtain a segment of consecutive items that are blocked across threads
+//!            int thread_keys[4];
+//!            ...
+//!
+//!            // Collectively sort the keys
+//!            BlockRadixSort(temp_storage).Sort(thread_keys);
+//!
+//!            ...
+//!
+//!    .. code-block:: python
+//!
+//!        import cuda.cccl.cooperative.experimental as cudax
+//!        from pynvjitlink import patch
+//!        patch.patch_numba_linker(lto=True)
+//!
+//!        # Specialize radix sort for a 1D block of 128 threads owning 4 integer items each
+//!        block_radix_sort = cudax.block.radix_sort_keys(numba.int32, 128, 4)
+//!        temp_storage_bytes = block_radix_sort.temp_storage_bytes
+//!
+//!        @cuda.jit(link=block_radix_sort.files)
+//!        def kernel():
+//!            Allocate shared memory for radix sort
+//!            temp_storage = cuda.shared.array(shape=temp_storage_bytes, dtype='uint8')
+//!
+//!            # Obtain a segment of consecutive items that are blocked across threads
+//!            thread_keys = cuda.local.array(shape=items_per_thread, dtype=numba.int32)
+//!            # ...
+//!
+//!            // Collectively sort the keys
+//!            block_radix_sort(temp_storage, thread_keys)
+//!            # ...
+//!
+//! Suppose the set of input ``thread_keys`` across the block of threads is
+//! ``{ [0,511,1,510], [2,509,3,508], [4,507,5,506], ..., [254,257,255,256] }``.
+//! The corresponding output ``thread_keys`` in those threads will be
+//! ``{ [0,1,2,3], [4,5,6,7], [8,9,10,11], ..., [508,509,510,511] }``.
+//!
+//! Re-using dynamically allocating shared memory
+//! --------------------------------------------------
+//!
+//! The ``block/example_block_reduce_dyn_smem.cu`` example illustrates usage of dynamically shared memory with
+//! BlockReduce and how to re-purpose the same memory region.
+//!
+//! This example can be easily adapted to the storage required by BlockRadixSort.
+//! @endrst
+//!
+//! @tparam KeyT
+//!   KeyT type
+//!
+//! @tparam BLOCK_DIM_X
+//!   The thread block length in threads along the X dimension
+//!
+//! @tparam ITEMS_PER_THREAD
+//!   The number of items per thread
+//!
+//! @tparam ValueT
+//!   **[optional]** ValueT type (default: cub::NullType, which indicates a keys-only sort)
+//!
+//! @tparam RADIX_BITS
+//!   **[optional]** The number of radix bits per digit place (default: 4 bits)
+//!
+//! @tparam MEMOIZE_OUTER_SCAN
+//!  **[optional]** Whether or not to buffer outer raking scan partials to incur fewer shared memory
+//!  reads at the expense of higher register pressure (default: true for architectures SM35 and
+//!  newer, false otherwise).
+//!
+//! @tparam INNER_SCAN_ALGORITHM
+//!   **[optional]** The cub::BlockScanAlgorithm algorithm to use
+//!   (default: cub::BLOCK_SCAN_WARP_SCANS)
+//!
+//! @tparam SMEM_CONFIG
+//!   **[optional]*8 Shared memory bank mode (default: `cudaSharedMemBankSizeFourByte`)
+//!
+//! @tparam BLOCK_DIM_Y
+//!   **[optional]** The thread block length in threads along the Y dimension (default: 1)
+//!
+//! @tparam BLOCK_DIM_Z
+//!   **[optional]** The thread block length in threads along the Z dimension (default: 1)
+//!
+template <typename KeyT,
+          int BLOCK_DIM_X,
+          int ITEMS_PER_THREAD,
+          typename ValueT                         = NullType,
+          int RADIX_BITS                          = 4,
+          bool MEMOIZE_OUTER_SCAN                 = true,
+          BlockScanAlgorithm INNER_SCAN_ALGORITHM = BLOCK_SCAN_WARP_SCANS,
+          cudaSharedMemConfig SMEM_CONFIG         = cudaSharedMemBankSizeFourByte,
+          int BLOCK_DIM_Y                         = 1,
+          int BLOCK_DIM_Z                         = 1>
+class BlockRadixSort
+{
+private:
+  /******************************************************************************
+   * Constants and type definitions
+   ******************************************************************************/
+
+  enum
+  {
+    // The thread block size in threads
+    BLOCK_THREADS = BLOCK_DIM_X * BLOCK_DIM_Y * BLOCK_DIM_Z,
+
+    // Whether or not there are values to be trucked along with keys
+    KEYS_ONLY = ::cuda::std::is_same_v<ValueT, NullType>,
+  };
+
+  // KeyT traits and unsigned bits type
+  using traits                 = detail::radix::traits_t<KeyT>;
+  using bit_ordered_type       = typename traits::bit_ordered_type;
+  using bit_ordered_conversion = typename traits::bit_ordered_conversion_policy;
+
+  /// Ascending BlockRadixRank utility type
+  using AscendingBlockRadixRank =
+    BlockRadixRank<BLOCK_DIM_X,
+                   RADIX_BITS,
+                   false,
+                   MEMOIZE_OUTER_SCAN,
+                   INNER_SCAN_ALGORITHM,
+                   SMEM_CONFIG,
+                   BLOCK_DIM_Y,
+                   BLOCK_DIM_Z>;
+
+  /// Descending BlockRadixRank utility type
+  using DescendingBlockRadixRank =
+    BlockRadixRank<BLOCK_DIM_X,
+                   RADIX_BITS,
+                   true,
+                   MEMOIZE_OUTER_SCAN,
+                   INNER_SCAN_ALGORITHM,
+                   SMEM_CONFIG,
+                   BLOCK_DIM_Y,
+                   BLOCK_DIM_Z>;
+
+  /// Digit extractor type
+  using fundamental_digit_extractor_t = BFEDigitExtractor<KeyT>;
+
+  /// BlockExchange utility type for keys
+  using BlockExchangeKeys = BlockExchange<KeyT, BLOCK_DIM_X, ITEMS_PER_THREAD, false, BLOCK_DIM_Y, BLOCK_DIM_Z>;
+
+  /// BlockExchange utility type for values
+  using BlockExchangeValues = BlockExchange<ValueT, BLOCK_DIM_X, ITEMS_PER_THREAD, false, BLOCK_DIM_Y, BLOCK_DIM_Z>;
+
+#ifndef _CCCL_DOXYGEN_INVOKED // Do not document
+  /// Shared memory storage layout type
+  union _TempStorage
+  {
+    typename AscendingBlockRadixRank::TempStorage asending_ranking_storage;
+    typename DescendingBlockRadixRank::TempStorage descending_ranking_storage;
+    typename BlockExchangeKeys::TempStorage exchange_keys;
+    typename BlockExchangeValues::TempStorage exchange_values;
+  };
+#endif // _CCCL_DOXYGEN_INVOKED
+
+  /******************************************************************************
+   * Thread fields
+   ******************************************************************************/
+
+  /// Shared storage reference
+  _TempStorage& temp_storage;
+
+  /// Linear thread-id
+  unsigned int linear_tid;
+
+  /******************************************************************************
+   * Utility methods
+   ******************************************************************************/
+
+  /// Internal storage allocator
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE _TempStorage& PrivateStorage()
+  {
+    __shared__ _TempStorage private_storage;
+    return private_storage;
+  }
+
+  /// Rank keys (specialized for ascending sort)
+  template <class DigitExtractorT>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void
+  RankKeys(bit_ordered_type (&unsigned_keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+           int (&ranks)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+           DigitExtractorT digit_extractor,
+           ::cuda::std::false_type /*is_descending*/)
+  {
+    AscendingBlockRadixRank(temp_storage.asending_ranking_storage).RankKeys(unsigned_keys, ranks, digit_extractor);
+  }
+
+  /// Rank keys (specialized for descending sort)
+  template <class DigitExtractorT>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void
+  RankKeys(bit_ordered_type (&unsigned_keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+           int (&ranks)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+           DigitExtractorT digit_extractor,
+           ::cuda::std::true_type /*is_descending*/)
+  {
+    DescendingBlockRadixRank(temp_storage.descending_ranking_storage).RankKeys(unsigned_keys, ranks, digit_extractor);
+  }
+
+  /// ExchangeValues (specialized for key-value sort, to-blocked arrangement)
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void ExchangeValues(
+    ValueT (&values)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    int (&ranks)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    ::cuda::std::false_type /*is_keys_only*/,
+    ::cuda::std::true_type /*is_blocked*/)
+  {
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    // Exchange values through shared memory in blocked arrangement
+    BlockExchangeValues(temp_storage.exchange_values).ScatterToBlocked(values, ranks);
+  }
+
+  /// ExchangeValues (specialized for key-value sort, to-striped arrangement)
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void ExchangeValues(
+    ValueT (&values)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    int (&ranks)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    ::cuda::std::false_type /*is_keys_only*/,
+    ::cuda::std::false_type /*is_blocked*/)
+  {
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    // Exchange values through shared memory in blocked arrangement
+    BlockExchangeValues(temp_storage.exchange_values).ScatterToStriped(values, ranks);
+  }
+
+  /// ExchangeValues (specialized for keys-only sort)
+  template <bool IS_BLOCKED>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void ExchangeValues(
+    ValueT (& /*values*/)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    int (& /*ranks*/)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    ::cuda::std::true_type /*is_keys_only*/,
+    ::cuda::std::bool_constant<IS_BLOCKED> /*is_blocked*/)
+  {}
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Sort blocked arrangement
+   *
+   * @param keys
+   *   Keys to sort
+   *
+   * @param values
+   *   Values to sort
+   *
+   * @param begin_bit
+   *   The beginning (least-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+   *
+   * @param end_bit
+   *   The past-the-end (most-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+   *
+   * @param is_descending
+   *   Tag whether is a descending-order sort
+   *
+   * @param is_keys_only
+   *   Tag whether is keys-only sort
+   */
+  template <bool DESCENDING, bool KEYS_ONLY, class DecomposerT = detail::identity_decomposer_t>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void SortBlocked(
+    KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    ValueT (&values)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    int begin_bit,
+    int end_bit,
+    ::cuda::std::bool_constant<DESCENDING> is_descending,
+    ::cuda::std::bool_constant<KEYS_ONLY> is_keys_only,
+    DecomposerT decomposer = {})
+  {
+    bit_ordered_type(&unsigned_keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD] = reinterpret_cast<bit_ordered_type(&)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD]>(keys);
+
+    _CCCL_PRAGMA_UNROLL_FULL()
+    for (int KEY = 0; KEY < ITEMS_PER_THREAD; KEY++)
+    {
+      unsigned_keys[KEY] = bit_ordered_conversion::to_bit_ordered(decomposer, unsigned_keys[KEY]);
+    }
+
+    // Radix sorting passes
+    while (true)
+    {
+      int pass_bits = ::cuda::std::min(RADIX_BITS, end_bit - begin_bit);
+      auto digit_extractor =
+        traits::template digit_extractor<fundamental_digit_extractor_t>(begin_bit, pass_bits, decomposer);
+
+      // Rank the blocked keys
+      int ranks[ITEMS_PER_THREAD];
+      RankKeys(unsigned_keys, ranks, digit_extractor, is_descending);
+      begin_bit += RADIX_BITS;
+
+      __syncthreads();
+
+      // Exchange keys through shared memory in blocked arrangement
+      BlockExchangeKeys(temp_storage.exchange_keys).ScatterToBlocked(keys, ranks);
+
+      // Exchange values through shared memory in blocked arrangement
+      ExchangeValues(values, ranks, is_keys_only, ::cuda::std::true_type());
+
+      // Quit if done
+      if (begin_bit >= end_bit)
+      {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      __syncthreads();
+    }
+
+    // Untwiddle bits if necessary
+    _CCCL_PRAGMA_UNROLL_FULL()
+    for (int KEY = 0; KEY < ITEMS_PER_THREAD; KEY++)
+    {
+      unsigned_keys[KEY] = bit_ordered_conversion::from_bit_ordered(decomposer, unsigned_keys[KEY]);
+    }
+  }
+
+public:
+#ifndef _CCCL_DOXYGEN_INVOKED // Do not document
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Sort blocked -> striped arrangement
+   *
+   * @param keys
+   *   Keys to sort
+   *
+   * @param values
+   *   Values to sort
+   *
+   * @param begin_bit
+   *   The beginning (least-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+   *
+   * @param end_bit
+   *   The past-the-end (most-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+   *
+   * @param is_descending
+   *   Tag whether is a descending-order sort
+   *
+   * @param is_keys_only
+   *   Tag whether is keys-only sort
+   */
+  template <bool DESCENDING, bool KEYS_ONLY, class DecomposerT = detail::identity_decomposer_t>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void SortBlockedToStriped(
+    KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    ValueT (&values)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    int begin_bit,
+    int end_bit,
+    ::cuda::std::bool_constant<DESCENDING> is_descending,
+    ::cuda::std::bool_constant<KEYS_ONLY> is_keys_only,
+    DecomposerT decomposer = {})
+  {
+    bit_ordered_type(&unsigned_keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD] = reinterpret_cast<bit_ordered_type(&)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD]>(keys);
+
+    _CCCL_PRAGMA_UNROLL_FULL()
+    for (int KEY = 0; KEY < ITEMS_PER_THREAD; KEY++)
+    {
+      unsigned_keys[KEY] = bit_ordered_conversion::to_bit_ordered(decomposer, unsigned_keys[KEY]);
+    }
+
+    // Radix sorting passes
+    while (true)
+    {
+      int pass_bits = ::cuda::std::min(RADIX_BITS, end_bit - begin_bit);
+      auto digit_extractor =
+        traits::template digit_extractor<fundamental_digit_extractor_t>(begin_bit, pass_bits, decomposer);
+
+      // Rank the blocked keys
+      int ranks[ITEMS_PER_THREAD];
+      RankKeys(unsigned_keys, ranks, digit_extractor, is_descending);
+      begin_bit += RADIX_BITS;
+
+      __syncthreads();
+
+      // Check if this is the last pass
+      if (begin_bit >= end_bit)
+      {
+        // Last pass exchanges keys through shared memory in striped arrangement
+        BlockExchangeKeys(temp_storage.exchange_keys).ScatterToStriped(keys, ranks);
+
+        // Last pass exchanges through shared memory in striped arrangement
+        ExchangeValues(values, ranks, is_keys_only, ::cuda::std::false_type());
+
+        // Quit
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // Exchange keys through shared memory in blocked arrangement
+      BlockExchangeKeys(temp_storage.exchange_keys).ScatterToBlocked(keys, ranks);
+
+      // Exchange values through shared memory in blocked arrangement
+      ExchangeValues(values, ranks, is_keys_only, ::cuda::std::true_type());
+
+      __syncthreads();
+    }
+
+    // Untwiddle bits if necessary
+    _CCCL_PRAGMA_UNROLL_FULL()
+    for (int KEY = 0; KEY < ITEMS_PER_THREAD; KEY++)
+    {
+      unsigned_keys[KEY] = bit_ordered_conversion::from_bit_ordered(decomposer, unsigned_keys[KEY]);
+    }
+  }
+
+#endif // _CCCL_DOXYGEN_INVOKED
+
+  /// @smemstorage{BlockRadixSort}
+  struct TempStorage : Uninitialized<_TempStorage>
+  {};
+
+  //! @name Collective constructors
+  //! @{
+
+  //! @brief Collective constructor using a private static allocation of shared memory as temporary storage.
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE BlockRadixSort()
+      : temp_storage(PrivateStorage())
+      , linear_tid(RowMajorTid(BLOCK_DIM_X, BLOCK_DIM_Y, BLOCK_DIM_Z))
+  {}
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Collective constructor using the specified memory allocation as temporary storage.
+   *
+   * @param[in] temp_storage
+   *   Reference to memory allocation having layout type TempStorage
+   */
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE BlockRadixSort(TempStorage& temp_storage)
+      : temp_storage(temp_storage.Alias())
+      , linear_tid(RowMajorTid(BLOCK_DIM_X, BLOCK_DIM_Y, BLOCK_DIM_Z))
+  {}
+
+  //! @} end member group
+  //! @name Sorting (blocked arrangements)
+  //! @{
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs an ascending block-wide radix sort over a
+  //! :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` of keys.
+  //!
+  //! - @granularity
+  //! - @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! +++++++
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 512 integer keys that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 128 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 4 consecutive keys.
+  //!
+  //! .. code-block:: c++
+  //!
+  //!    #include <cub/cub.cuh>   // or equivalently <cub/block/block_radix_sort.cuh>
+  //!
+  //!    __global__ void ExampleKernel(...)
+  //!    {
+  //!        // Specialize BlockRadixSort for a 1D block of 128 threads owning 4 integer keys each
+  //!        using BlockRadixSort = cub::BlockRadixSort<int, 128, 4>;
+  //!
+  //!        // Allocate shared memory for BlockRadixSort
+  //!        __shared__ typename BlockRadixSort::TempStorage temp_storage;
+  //!
+  //!        // Obtain a segment of consecutive items that are blocked across threads
+  //!        int thread_keys[4];
+  //!        ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Collectively sort the keys
+  //!        BlockRadixSort(temp_storage).Sort(thread_keys);
+  //!
+  //! Suppose the set of input ``thread_keys`` across the block of threads is
+  //! ``{ [0,511,1,510], [2,509,3,508], [4,507,5,506], ..., [254,257,255,256] }``.
+  //! The corresponding output ``thread_keys`` in those threads will be
+  //! ``{ [0,1,2,3], [4,5,6,7], [8,9,10,11], ..., [508,509,510,511] }``.
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] begin_bit
+  //!   **[optional]** The beginning (least-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] end_bit
+  //!   **[optional]** The past-the-end (most-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void
+  Sort(KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], int begin_bit = 0, int end_bit = sizeof(KeyT) * 8)
+  {
+    NullType values[ITEMS_PER_THREAD];
+
+    SortBlocked(keys, values, begin_bit, end_bit, ::cuda::std::false_type(), detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs an ascending block-wide radix sort over a
+  //! :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` of keys.
+  //!
+  //! * @granularity
+  //! * @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! ==========================================================================
+  //!
+  //! Let's consider a user-defined ``custom_t`` type below. To sort an array of
+  //! ``custom_t`` objects, we have to tell CUB about relevant members of the
+  //! ``custom_t`` type. We do this by providing a decomposer that returns a
+  //! tuple of references to relevant members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin custom-type
+  //!     :end-before: example-end custom-type
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 2 keys that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 2 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 1 key.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin keys-bits
+  //!     :end-before: example-end keys-bits
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam DecomposerT
+  //!   **[inferred]** Type of a callable object responsible for decomposing a
+  //!   ``KeyT`` into a tuple of references to its constituent arithmetic types:
+  //!   ``::cuda::std::tuple<ArithmeticTs&...> operator()(KeyT &key)``.
+  //!   The leftmost element of the tuple is considered the most significant.
+  //!   The call operator must not modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param decomposer
+  //!   Callable object responsible for decomposing a ``KeyT`` into a tuple of
+  //!   references to its constituent arithmetic types. The leftmost element of
+  //!   the tuple is considered the most significant. The call operator must not
+  //!   modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] begin_bit
+  //!   The least-significant bit index (inclusive) needed for
+  //!   key comparison
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] end_bit
+  //!   The most-significant bit index (exclusive) needed for key
+  //!   comparison (e.g., `(sizeof(float) + sizeof(long long int)) * 8`)
+  template <class DecomposerT>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE //
+  ::cuda::std::enable_if_t< //
+    !::cuda::std::is_convertible_v<DecomposerT, int>>
+  Sort(KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], DecomposerT decomposer, int begin_bit, int end_bit)
+  {
+    NullType values[ITEMS_PER_THREAD];
+
+    SortBlocked(
+      keys, values, begin_bit, end_bit, ::cuda::std::false_type(), detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>, decomposer);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs an ascending block-wide radix sort over a
+  //! :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` of keys.
+  //!
+  //! * @granularity
+  //! * @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! ==========================================================================
+  //!
+  //! Let's consider a user-defined ``custom_t`` type below. To sort an array of
+  //! ``custom_t`` objects, we have to tell CUB about relevant members of the
+  //! ``custom_t`` type. We do this by providing a decomposer that returns a
+  //! tuple of references to relevant members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin custom-type
+  //!     :end-before: example-end custom-type
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 6 keys that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 2 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 3 consecutive keys.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin keys
+  //!     :end-before: example-end keys
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam DecomposerT
+  //!   **[inferred]** Type of a callable object responsible for decomposing a
+  //!   ``KeyT`` into a tuple of references to its constituent arithmetic types:
+  //!   ``::cuda::std::tuple<ArithmeticTs&...> operator()(KeyT &key)``.
+  //!   The leftmost element of the tuple is considered the most significant.
+  //!   The call operator must not modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param decomposer
+  //!   Callable object responsible for decomposing a ``KeyT`` into a tuple of
+  //!   references to its constituent arithmetic types. The leftmost element of
+  //!   the tuple is considered the most significant. The call operator must not
+  //!   modify members of the key.
+  template <class DecomposerT>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE //
+  ::cuda::std::enable_if_t< //
+    !::cuda::std::is_convertible_v<DecomposerT, int>>
+  Sort(KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], DecomposerT decomposer)
+  {
+    Sort(keys, decomposer, 0, detail::radix::traits_t<KeyT>::default_end_bit(decomposer));
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs an ascending block-wide radix sort across a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>`
+  //! of keys and values.
+  //!
+  //! - BlockRadixSort can only accommodate one associated tile of values. To "truck along"
+  //!   more than one tile of values, simply perform a key-value sort of the keys paired
+  //!   with a temporary value array that enumerates the key indices. The reordered indices
+  //!   can then be used as a gather-vector for exchanging other associated tile data through
+  //!   shared memory.
+  //! - @granularity
+  //! - @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! +++++++
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 512 integer keys and values that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 128 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 4 consecutive pairs.
+  //!
+  //! .. code-block:: c++
+  //!
+  //!    #include <cub/cub.cuh>   // or equivalently <cub/block/block_radix_sort.cuh>
+  //!
+  //!    __global__ void ExampleKernel(...)
+  //!    {
+  //!        // Specialize BlockRadixSort for a 1D block of 128 threads owning 4 integer keys and values each
+  //!        using BlockRadixSort = cub::BlockRadixSort<int, 128, 4, int>;
+  //!
+  //!        // Allocate shared memory for BlockRadixSort
+  //!        __shared__ typename BlockRadixSort::TempStorage temp_storage;
+  //!
+  //!        // Obtain a segment of consecutive items that are blocked across threads
+  //!        int thread_keys[4];
+  //!        int thread_values[4];
+  //!        ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Collectively sort the keys and values among block threads
+  //!        BlockRadixSort(temp_storage).Sort(thread_keys, thread_values);
+  //!
+  //! @endcode
+  //! @par
+  //! Suppose the set of input ``thread_keys`` across the block of threads is
+  //! ``{ [0,511,1,510], [2,509,3,508], [4,507,5,506], ..., [254,257,255,256] }``.  The
+  //! corresponding output ``thread_keys`` in those threads will be
+  //! ``{ [0,1,2,3], [4,5,6,7], [8,9,10,11], ..., [508,509,510,511] }``.
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] values
+  //!   Values to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] begin_bit
+  //!   **[optional]** The beginning (least-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] end_bit
+  //!   **[optional]** The past-the-end (most-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void
+  Sort(KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+       ValueT (&values)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+       int begin_bit = 0,
+       int end_bit   = sizeof(KeyT) * 8)
+  {
+    SortBlocked(keys, values, begin_bit, end_bit, ::cuda::std::false_type(), detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs an ascending block-wide radix sort over a
+  //! :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` of keys and values.
+  //!
+  //! * BlockRadixSort can only accommodate one associated tile of values. To "truck along"
+  //!   more than one tile of values, simply perform a key-value sort of the keys paired
+  //!   with a temporary value array that enumerates the key indices. The reordered indices
+  //!   can then be used as a gather-vector for exchanging other associated tile data through
+  //!   shared memory.
+  //! * @granularity
+  //! * @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! ==========================================================================
+  //!
+  //! Let's consider a user-defined ``custom_t`` type below. To sort an array of
+  //! ``custom_t`` objects, we have to tell CUB about relevant members of the
+  //! ``custom_t`` type. We do this by providing a decomposer that returns a
+  //! tuple of references to relevant members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin custom-type
+  //!     :end-before: example-end custom-type
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 2 keys and values that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 2 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 1 pair.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin pairs-bits
+  //!     :end-before: example-end pairs-bits
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam DecomposerT
+  //!   **[inferred]** Type of a callable object responsible for decomposing a
+  //!   ``KeyT`` into a tuple of references to its constituent arithmetic types:
+  //!   ``::cuda::std::tuple<ArithmeticTs&...> operator()(KeyT &key)``.
+  //!   The leftmost element of the tuple is considered the most significant.
+  //!   The call operator must not modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] values
+  //!   Values to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param decomposer
+  //!   Callable object responsible for decomposing a ``KeyT`` into a tuple of
+  //!   references to its constituent arithmetic types. The leftmost element of
+  //!   the tuple is considered the most significant. The call operator must not
+  //!   modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] begin_bit
+  //!   The least-significant bit index (inclusive) needed for
+  //!   key comparison
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] end_bit
+  //!   The most-significant bit index (exclusive) needed for key
+  //!   comparison (e.g., `(sizeof(float) + sizeof(long long int)) * 8`)
+  template <class DecomposerT>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE //
+  ::cuda::std::enable_if_t< //
+    !::cuda::std::is_convertible_v<DecomposerT, int>>
+  Sort(KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+       ValueT (&values)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+       DecomposerT decomposer,
+       int begin_bit,
+       int end_bit)
+  {
+    SortBlocked(
+      keys, values, begin_bit, end_bit, ::cuda::std::false_type(), detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>, decomposer);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs an ascending block-wide radix sort over a
+  //! :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` of keys and values.
+  //!
+  //! * BlockRadixSort can only accommodate one associated tile of values. To "truck along"
+  //!   more than one tile of values, simply perform a key-value sort of the keys paired
+  //!   with a temporary value array that enumerates the key indices. The reordered indices
+  //!   can then be used as a gather-vector for exchanging other associated tile data through
+  //!   shared memory.
+  //! * @granularity
+  //! * @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! ==========================================================================
+  //!
+  //! Let's consider a user-defined ``custom_t`` type below. To sort an array of
+  //! ``custom_t`` objects, we have to tell CUB about relevant members of the
+  //! ``custom_t`` type. We do this by providing a decomposer that returns a
+  //! tuple of references to relevant members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin custom-type
+  //!     :end-before: example-end custom-type
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 6 keys and values that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 2 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 3 consecutive pairs.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin pairs
+  //!     :end-before: example-end pairs
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam DecomposerT
+  //!   **[inferred]** Type of a callable object responsible for decomposing a
+  //!   ``KeyT`` into a tuple of references to its constituent arithmetic types:
+  //!   ``::cuda::std::tuple<ArithmeticTs&...> operator()(KeyT &key)``.
+  //!   The leftmost element of the tuple is considered the most significant.
+  //!   The call operator must not modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] values
+  //!   Values to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param decomposer
+  //!   Callable object responsible for decomposing a ``KeyT`` into a tuple of
+  //!   references to its constituent arithmetic types. The leftmost element of
+  //!   the tuple is considered the most significant. The call operator must not
+  //!   modify members of the key.
+  template <class DecomposerT>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE //
+  ::cuda::std::enable_if_t< //
+    !::cuda::std::is_convertible_v<DecomposerT, int>>
+  Sort(KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], ValueT (&values)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], DecomposerT decomposer)
+  {
+    Sort(keys, values, decomposer, 0, detail::radix::traits_t<KeyT>::default_end_bit(decomposer));
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs a descending block-wide radix sort over a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>`
+  //! of keys.
+  //!
+  //! - @granularity
+  //! - @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! +++++++
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 512 integer keys that
+  //! are partitioned in a [<em>blocked arrangement</em>](../index.html#sec5sec3) across 128 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 4 consecutive keys.
+  //!
+  //! .. code-block:: c++
+  //!
+  //!    #include <cub/cub.cuh>   // or equivalently <cub/block/block_radix_sort.cuh>
+  //!
+  //!    __global__ void ExampleKernel(...)
+  //!    {
+  //!        // Specialize BlockRadixSort for a 1D block of 128 threads owning 4 integer keys each
+  //!        using BlockRadixSort = cub::BlockRadixSort<int, 128, 4>;
+  //!
+  //!        // Allocate shared memory for BlockRadixSort
+  //!        __shared__ typename BlockRadixSort::TempStorage temp_storage;
+  //!
+  //!        // Obtain a segment of consecutive items that are blocked across threads
+  //!        int thread_keys[4];
+  //!        ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Collectively sort the keys
+  //!        BlockRadixSort(temp_storage).Sort(thread_keys);
+  //!
+  //! Suppose the set of input ``thread_keys`` across the block of threads is
+  //! ``{ [0,511,1,510], [2,509,3,508], [4,507,5,506], ..., [254,257,255,256] }``.
+  //! The corresponding output ``thread_keys`` in those threads will be
+  //! ``{ [511,510,509,508], [11,10,9,8], [7,6,5,4], ..., [3,2,1,0] }``.
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] begin_bit
+  //!   **[optional]** The beginning (least-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] end_bit
+  //!   **[optional]** The past-the-end (most-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void
+  SortDescending(KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], int begin_bit = 0, int end_bit = sizeof(KeyT) * 8)
+  {
+    NullType values[ITEMS_PER_THREAD];
+
+    SortBlocked(keys, values, begin_bit, end_bit, ::cuda::std::true_type(), detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs a descending block-wide radix sort over a
+  //! :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` of keys.
+  //!
+  //! * @granularity
+  //! * @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! ==========================================================================
+  //!
+  //! Let's consider a user-defined ``custom_t`` type below. To sort an array of
+  //! ``custom_t`` objects, we have to tell CUB about relevant members of the
+  //! ``custom_t`` type. We do this by providing a decomposer that returns a
+  //! tuple of references to relevant members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin custom-type
+  //!     :end-before: example-end custom-type
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 2 keys that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 2 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 1 key.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin keys-descending-bits
+  //!     :end-before: example-end keys-descending-bits
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam DecomposerT
+  //!   **[inferred]** Type of a callable object responsible for decomposing a
+  //!   ``KeyT`` into a tuple of references to its constituent arithmetic types:
+  //!   ``::cuda::std::tuple<ArithmeticTs&...> operator()(KeyT &key)``.
+  //!   The leftmost element of the tuple is considered the most significant.
+  //!   The call operator must not modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param decomposer
+  //!   Callable object responsible for decomposing a ``KeyT`` into a tuple of
+  //!   references to its constituent arithmetic types. The leftmost element of
+  //!   the tuple is considered the most significant. The call operator must not
+  //!   modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] begin_bit
+  //!   The least-significant bit index (inclusive) needed for
+  //!   key comparison
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] end_bit
+  //!   The most-significant bit index (exclusive) needed for key
+  //!   comparison (e.g., `(sizeof(float) + sizeof(long long int)) * 8`)
+  template <class DecomposerT>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE //
+  ::cuda::std::enable_if_t< //
+    !::cuda::std::is_convertible_v<DecomposerT, int>>
+  SortDescending(KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], DecomposerT decomposer, int begin_bit, int end_bit)
+  {
+    NullType values[ITEMS_PER_THREAD];
+
+    SortBlocked(
+      keys, values, begin_bit, end_bit, ::cuda::std::true_type(), detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>, decomposer);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs a descending block-wide radix sort over a
+  //! :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` of keys.
+  //!
+  //! * @granularity
+  //! * @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! ==========================================================================
+  //!
+  //! Let's consider a user-defined ``custom_t`` type below. To sort an array of
+  //! ``custom_t`` objects, we have to tell CUB about relevant members of the
+  //! ``custom_t`` type. We do this by providing a decomposer that returns a
+  //! tuple of references to relevant members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin custom-type
+  //!     :end-before: example-end custom-type
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 6 keys that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 2 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 3 consecutive keys.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin keys-descending
+  //!     :end-before: example-end keys-descending
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam DecomposerT
+  //!   **[inferred]** Type of a callable object responsible for decomposing a
+  //!   ``KeyT`` into a tuple of references to its constituent arithmetic types:
+  //!   ``::cuda::std::tuple<ArithmeticTs&...> operator()(KeyT &key)``.
+  //!   The leftmost element of the tuple is considered the most significant.
+  //!   The call operator must not modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param decomposer
+  //!   Callable object responsible for decomposing a ``KeyT`` into a tuple of
+  //!   references to its constituent arithmetic types. The leftmost element of
+  //!   the tuple is considered the most significant. The call operator must not
+  //!   modify members of the key.
+  template <class DecomposerT>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE //
+  ::cuda::std::enable_if_t< //
+    !::cuda::std::is_convertible_v<DecomposerT, int>>
+  SortDescending(KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], DecomposerT decomposer)
+  {
+    NullType values[ITEMS_PER_THREAD];
+
+    SortBlocked(
+      keys,
+      values,
+      0,
+      detail::radix::traits_t<KeyT>::default_end_bit(decomposer),
+      ::cuda::std::true_type(),
+      detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>,
+      decomposer);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs a descending block-wide radix sort across a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>`
+  //! of keys and values.
+  //!
+  //! - BlockRadixSort can only accommodate one associated tile of values. To "truck along"
+  //!   more than one tile of values, simply perform a key-value sort of the keys paired
+  //!   with a temporary value array that enumerates the key indices.  The reordered indices
+  //!   can then be used as a gather-vector for exchanging other associated tile data through
+  //!   shared memory.
+  //! - @granularity
+  //! - @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! +++++++
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 512 integer keys and values that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 128 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 4 consecutive pairs.
+  //!
+  //! .. code-block:: c++
+  //!
+  //!    #include <cub/cub.cuh>   // or equivalently <cub/block/block_radix_sort.cuh>
+  //!
+  //!    __global__ void ExampleKernel(...)
+  //!    {
+  //!        // Specialize BlockRadixSort for a 1D block of 128 threads owning 4 integer keys and values each
+  //!        using BlockRadixSort = cub::BlockRadixSort<int, 128, 4, int>;
+  //!
+  //!        // Allocate shared memory for BlockRadixSort
+  //!        __shared__ typename BlockRadixSort::TempStorage temp_storage;
+  //!
+  //!        // Obtain a segment of consecutive items that are blocked across threads
+  //!        int thread_keys[4];
+  //!        int thread_values[4];
+  //!        ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Collectively sort the keys and values among block threads
+  //!        BlockRadixSort(temp_storage).Sort(thread_keys, thread_values);
+  //!
+  //! Suppose the set of input ``thread_keys`` across the block of threads is
+  //! ``{ [0,511,1,510], [2,509,3,508], [4,507,5,506], ..., [254,257,255,256] }``. The
+  //! corresponding output ``thread_keys`` in those threads will be
+  //! ``{ [511,510,509,508], [11,10,9,8], [7,6,5,4], ..., [3,2,1,0] }``.
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] values
+  //!   Values to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] begin_bit
+  //!   **[optional]** The beginning (least-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] end_bit
+  //!   **[optional]** The past-the-end (most-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void SortDescending(
+    KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    ValueT (&values)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    int begin_bit = 0,
+    int end_bit   = sizeof(KeyT) * 8)
+  {
+    SortBlocked(keys, values, begin_bit, end_bit, ::cuda::std::true_type(), detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs a descending block-wide radix sort over a
+  //! :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` of keys and values.
+  //!
+  //! * BlockRadixSort can only accommodate one associated tile of values. To "truck along"
+  //!   more than one tile of values, simply perform a key-value sort of the keys paired
+  //!   with a temporary value array that enumerates the key indices. The reordered indices
+  //!   can then be used as a gather-vector for exchanging other associated tile data through
+  //!   shared memory.
+  //! * @granularity
+  //! * @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! ==========================================================================
+  //!
+  //! Let's consider a user-defined ``custom_t`` type below. To sort an array of
+  //! ``custom_t`` objects, we have to tell CUB about relevant members of the
+  //! ``custom_t`` type. We do this by providing a decomposer that returns a
+  //! tuple of references to relevant members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin custom-type
+  //!     :end-before: example-end custom-type
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 2 pairs that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 2 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 1 pair.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin pairs-descending-bits
+  //!     :end-before: example-end pairs-descending-bits
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam DecomposerT
+  //!   **[inferred]** Type of a callable object responsible for decomposing a
+  //!   ``KeyT`` into a tuple of references to its constituent arithmetic types:
+  //!   ``::cuda::std::tuple<ArithmeticTs&...> operator()(KeyT &key)``.
+  //!   The leftmost element of the tuple is considered the most significant.
+  //!   The call operator must not modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] values
+  //!   Values to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param decomposer
+  //!   Callable object responsible for decomposing a ``KeyT`` into a tuple of
+  //!   references to its constituent arithmetic types. The leftmost element of
+  //!   the tuple is considered the most significant. The call operator must not
+  //!   modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] begin_bit
+  //!   The least-significant bit index (inclusive) needed for
+  //!   key comparison
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] end_bit
+  //!   The most-significant bit index (exclusive) needed for key
+  //!   comparison (e.g., `(sizeof(float) + sizeof(long long int)) * 8`)
+  template <class DecomposerT>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE //
+  ::cuda::std::enable_if_t< //
+    !::cuda::std::is_convertible_v<DecomposerT, int>>
+  SortDescending(KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+                 ValueT (&values)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+                 DecomposerT decomposer,
+                 int begin_bit,
+                 int end_bit)
+  {
+    SortBlocked(
+      keys, values, begin_bit, end_bit, ::cuda::std::true_type(), detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>, decomposer);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs a descending block-wide radix sort over a
+  //! :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` of keys and values.
+  //!
+  //! * BlockRadixSort can only accommodate one associated tile of values. To "truck along"
+  //!   more than one tile of values, simply perform a key-value sort of the keys paired
+  //!   with a temporary value array that enumerates the key indices. The reordered indices
+  //!   can then be used as a gather-vector for exchanging other associated tile data through
+  //!   shared memory.
+  //! * @granularity
+  //! * @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! ==========================================================================
+  //!
+  //! Let's consider a user-defined ``custom_t`` type below. To sort an array of
+  //! ``custom_t`` objects, we have to tell CUB about relevant members of the
+  //! ``custom_t`` type. We do this by providing a decomposer that returns a
+  //! tuple of references to relevant members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin custom-type
+  //!     :end-before: example-end custom-type
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 6 keys and values that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 2 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 3 consecutive pairs.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin pairs-descending
+  //!     :end-before: example-end pairs-descending
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam DecomposerT
+  //!   **[inferred]** Type of a callable object responsible for decomposing a
+  //!   ``KeyT`` into a tuple of references to its constituent arithmetic types:
+  //!   ``::cuda::std::tuple<ArithmeticTs&...> operator()(KeyT &key)``.
+  //!   The leftmost element of the tuple is considered the most significant.
+  //!   The call operator must not modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] values
+  //!   Values to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param decomposer
+  //!   Callable object responsible for decomposing a ``KeyT`` into a tuple of
+  //!   references to its constituent arithmetic types. The leftmost element of
+  //!   the tuple is considered the most significant. The call operator must not
+  //!   modify members of the key.
+  template <class DecomposerT>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE //
+  ::cuda::std::enable_if_t< //
+    !::cuda::std::is_convertible_v<DecomposerT, int>>
+  SortDescending(KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], ValueT (&values)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], DecomposerT decomposer)
+  {
+    SortBlocked(
+      keys,
+      values,
+      0,
+      detail::radix::traits_t<KeyT>::default_end_bit(decomposer),
+      ::cuda::std::true_type(),
+      detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>,
+      decomposer);
+  }
+
+  //! @}  end member group
+  //! @name Sorting (blocked arrangement -> striped arrangement)
+  //! @{
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs an ascending radix sort across a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` of keys,
+  //! leaving them in a :ref:`striped arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>`.
+  //!
+  //! - @granularity
+  //! - @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! +++++++
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 512 integer keys that
+  //! are initially partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 128
+  //! threads where each thread owns 4 consecutive keys. The final partitioning is striped.
+  //!
+  //! .. code-block:: c++
+  //!
+  //!    #include <cub/cub.cuh>   // or equivalently <cub/block/block_radix_sort.cuh>
+  //!
+  //!    __global__ void ExampleKernel(...)
+  //!    {
+  //!        // Specialize BlockRadixSort for a 1D block of 128 threads owning 4 integer keys each
+  //!        using BlockRadixSort = cub::BlockRadixSort<int, 128, 4>;
+  //!
+  //!        // Allocate shared memory for BlockRadixSort
+  //!        __shared__ typename BlockRadixSort::TempStorage temp_storage;
+  //!
+  //!        // Obtain a segment of consecutive items that are blocked across threads
+  //!        int thread_keys[4];
+  //!        ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Collectively sort the keys
+  //!        BlockRadixSort(temp_storage).SortBlockedToStriped(thread_keys);
+  //!
+  //! Suppose the set of input ``thread_keys`` across the block of threads is
+  //! ``{ [0,511,1,510], [2,509,3,508], [4,507,5,506], ..., [254,257,255,256] }``.
+  //! The corresponding output ``thread_keys`` in those threads will be
+  //! ``{ [0,128,256,384], [1,129,257,385], [2,130,258,386], ..., [127,255,383,511] }``.
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] begin_bit
+  //!   **[optional]** The beginning (least-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] end_bit
+  //!   **[optional]** The past-the-end (most-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void
+  SortBlockedToStriped(KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], int begin_bit = 0, int end_bit = sizeof(KeyT) * 8)
+  {
+    NullType values[ITEMS_PER_THREAD];
+
+    SortBlockedToStriped(
+      keys, values, begin_bit, end_bit, ::cuda::std::false_type(), detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs an ascending block-wide radix sort over a
+  //! :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` of keys, leaving them in a
+  //! :ref:`striped arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>`.
+  //!
+  //! * @granularity
+  //! * @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! ==========================================================================
+  //!
+  //! Let's consider a user-defined ``custom_t`` type below. To sort an array of
+  //! ``custom_t`` objects, we have to tell CUB about relevant members of the
+  //! ``custom_t`` type. We do this by providing a decomposer that returns a
+  //! tuple of references to relevant members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin custom-type
+  //!     :end-before: example-end custom-type
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 4 keys that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 2 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 2 consecutive keys. The final partitioning is striped.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin keys-striped-bits
+  //!     :end-before: example-end keys-striped-bits
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam DecomposerT
+  //!   **[inferred]** Type of a callable object responsible for decomposing a
+  //!   ``KeyT`` into a tuple of references to its constituent arithmetic types:
+  //!   ``::cuda::std::tuple<ArithmeticTs&...> operator()(KeyT &key)``.
+  //!   The leftmost element of the tuple is considered the most significant.
+  //!   The call operator must not modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param decomposer
+  //!   Callable object responsible for decomposing a ``KeyT`` into a tuple of
+  //!   references to its constituent arithmetic types. The leftmost element of
+  //!   the tuple is considered the most significant. The call operator must not
+  //!   modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] begin_bit
+  //!   The least-significant bit index (inclusive) needed for
+  //!   key comparison
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] end_bit
+  //!   The most-significant bit index (exclusive) needed for key
+  //!   comparison (e.g., `(sizeof(float) + sizeof(long long int)) * 8`)
+  template <class DecomposerT>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE //
+  ::cuda::std::enable_if_t< //
+    !::cuda::std::is_convertible_v<DecomposerT, int>>
+  SortBlockedToStriped(KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], DecomposerT decomposer, int begin_bit, int end_bit)
+  {
+    NullType values[ITEMS_PER_THREAD];
+
+    SortBlockedToStriped(
+      keys, values, begin_bit, end_bit, ::cuda::std::false_type(), detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>, decomposer);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs an ascending block-wide radix sort over a
+  //! :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` of keys, leaving them in a
+  //! :ref:`striped arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>`.
+  //!
+  //! * @granularity
+  //! * @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! ==========================================================================
+  //!
+  //! Let's consider a user-defined ``custom_t`` type below. To sort an array of
+  //! ``custom_t`` objects, we have to tell CUB about relevant members of the
+  //! ``custom_t`` type. We do this by providing a decomposer that returns a
+  //! tuple of references to relevant members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin custom-type
+  //!     :end-before: example-end custom-type
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 6 keys that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 2 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 3 consecutive keys. The final partitioning is striped.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin keys-striped
+  //!     :end-before: example-end keys-striped
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam DecomposerT
+  //!   **[inferred]** Type of a callable object responsible for decomposing a
+  //!   ``KeyT`` into a tuple of references to its constituent arithmetic types:
+  //!   ``::cuda::std::tuple<ArithmeticTs&...> operator()(KeyT &key)``.
+  //!   The leftmost element of the tuple is considered the most significant.
+  //!   The call operator must not modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param decomposer
+  //!   Callable object responsible for decomposing a ``KeyT`` into a tuple of
+  //!   references to its constituent arithmetic types. The leftmost element of
+  //!   the tuple is considered the most significant. The call operator must not
+  //!   modify members of the key.
+  template <class DecomposerT>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE //
+  ::cuda::std::enable_if_t< //
+    !::cuda::std::is_convertible_v<DecomposerT, int>>
+  SortBlockedToStriped(KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], DecomposerT decomposer)
+  {
+    NullType values[ITEMS_PER_THREAD];
+
+    SortBlockedToStriped(
+      keys,
+      values,
+      0,
+      detail::radix::traits_t<KeyT>::default_end_bit(decomposer),
+      ::cuda::std::false_type(),
+      detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>,
+      decomposer);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs an ascending radix sort across a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` of keys and
+  //! values, leaving them in a :ref:`striped arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>`.
+  //!
+  //! - BlockRadixSort can only accommodate one associated tile of values. To "truck along"
+  //!   more than one tile of values, simply perform a key-value sort of the keys paired
+  //!   with a temporary value array that enumerates the key indices.  The reordered indices
+  //!   can then be used as a gather-vector for exchanging other associated tile data through
+  //!   shared memory.
+  //! - @granularity
+  //! - @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! +++++++
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 512 integer keys and values that
+  //! are initially partitioned in a [<em>blocked arrangement</em>](../index.html#sec5sec3) across 128
+  //! threads where each thread owns 4 consecutive pairs.  The final partitioning is striped.
+  //!
+  //! .. code-block:: c++
+  //!
+  //!    #include <cub/cub.cuh>   // or equivalently <cub/block/block_radix_sort.cuh>
+  //!
+  //!    __global__ void ExampleKernel(...)
+  //!    {
+  //!        // Specialize BlockRadixSort for a 1D block of 128 threads owning 4 integer keys and values each
+  //!        using BlockRadixSort = cub::BlockRadixSort<int, 128, 4, int>;
+  //!
+  //!        // Allocate shared memory for BlockRadixSort
+  //!        __shared__ typename BlockRadixSort::TempStorage temp_storage;
+  //!
+  //!        // Obtain a segment of consecutive items that are blocked across threads
+  //!        int thread_keys[4];
+  //!        int thread_values[4];
+  //!        ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Collectively sort the keys and values among block threads
+  //!        BlockRadixSort(temp_storage).SortBlockedToStriped(thread_keys, thread_values);
+  //!
+  //! Suppose the set of input ``thread_keys`` across the block of threads is
+  //! ``{ [0,511,1,510], [2,509,3,508], [4,507,5,506], ..., [254,257,255,256] }``.
+  //! The corresponding output ``thread_keys`` in those threads will be
+  //! ``{ [0,128,256,384], [1,129,257,385], [2,130,258,386], ..., [127,255,383,511] }``.
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] values
+  //!   Values to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] begin_bit
+  //!   **[optional]** The beginning (least-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] end_bit
+  //!   **[optional]** The past-the-end (most-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void SortBlockedToStriped(
+    KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    ValueT (&values)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    int begin_bit = 0,
+    int end_bit   = sizeof(KeyT) * 8)
+  {
+    SortBlockedToStriped(
+      keys, values, begin_bit, end_bit, ::cuda::std::false_type(), detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs an ascending block-wide radix sort over a
+  //! :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` of keys and values, leaving them in a
+  //! :ref:`striped arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>`.
+  //!
+  //! * @granularity
+  //! * @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! ==========================================================================
+  //!
+  //! Let's consider a user-defined ``custom_t`` type below. To sort an array of
+  //! ``custom_t`` objects, we have to tell CUB about relevant members of the
+  //! ``custom_t`` type. We do this by providing a decomposer that returns a
+  //! tuple of references to relevant members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin custom-type
+  //!     :end-before: example-end custom-type
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 4 pairs that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 2 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 2 consecutive pairs. The final partitioning is striped.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin pairs-striped-bits
+  //!     :end-before: example-end pairs-striped-bits
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam DecomposerT
+  //!   **[inferred]** Type of a callable object responsible for decomposing a
+  //!   ``KeyT`` into a tuple of references to its constituent arithmetic types:
+  //!   ``::cuda::std::tuple<ArithmeticTs&...> operator()(KeyT &key)``.
+  //!   The leftmost element of the tuple is considered the most significant.
+  //!   The call operator must not modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] values
+  //!   Values to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param decomposer
+  //!   Callable object responsible for decomposing a ``KeyT`` into a tuple of
+  //!   references to its constituent arithmetic types. The leftmost element of
+  //!   the tuple is considered the most significant. The call operator must not
+  //!   modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] begin_bit
+  //!   The least-significant bit index (inclusive) needed for
+  //!   key comparison
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] end_bit
+  //!   The most-significant bit index (exclusive) needed for key
+  //!   comparison (e.g., `(sizeof(float) + sizeof(long long int)) * 8`)
+  template <class DecomposerT>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE //
+  ::cuda::std::enable_if_t< //
+    !::cuda::std::is_convertible_v<DecomposerT, int>>
+  SortBlockedToStriped(KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+                       ValueT (&values)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+                       DecomposerT decomposer,
+                       int begin_bit,
+                       int end_bit)
+  {
+    SortBlockedToStriped(
+      keys, values, begin_bit, end_bit, ::cuda::std::false_type(), detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>, decomposer);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs an ascending block-wide radix sort over a
+  //! :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` of keys and values, leaving them in a
+  //! :ref:`striped arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>`.
+  //!
+  //! * @granularity
+  //! * @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! ==========================================================================
+  //!
+  //! Let's consider a user-defined ``custom_t`` type below. To sort an array of
+  //! ``custom_t`` objects, we have to tell CUB about relevant members of the
+  //! ``custom_t`` type. We do this by providing a decomposer that returns a
+  //! tuple of references to relevant members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin custom-type
+  //!     :end-before: example-end custom-type
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 6 pairs that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 2 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 3 consecutive pairs. The final partitioning is striped.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin pairs-striped
+  //!     :end-before: example-end pairs-striped
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam DecomposerT
+  //!   **[inferred]** Type of a callable object responsible for decomposing a
+  //!   ``KeyT`` into a tuple of references to its constituent arithmetic types:
+  //!   ``::cuda::std::tuple<ArithmeticTs&...> operator()(KeyT &key)``.
+  //!   The leftmost element of the tuple is considered the most significant.
+  //!   The call operator must not modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] values
+  //!   Values to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param decomposer
+  //!   Callable object responsible for decomposing a ``KeyT`` into a tuple of
+  //!   references to its constituent arithmetic types. The leftmost element of
+  //!   the tuple is considered the most significant. The call operator must not
+  //!   modify members of the key.
+  template <class DecomposerT>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE //
+  ::cuda::std::enable_if_t< //
+    !::cuda::std::is_convertible_v<DecomposerT, int>>
+  SortBlockedToStriped(KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], ValueT (&values)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], DecomposerT decomposer)
+  {
+    SortBlockedToStriped(
+      keys,
+      values,
+      0,
+      detail::radix::traits_t<KeyT>::default_end_bit(decomposer),
+      ::cuda::std::false_type(),
+      detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>,
+      decomposer);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs a descending radix sort across a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>`
+  //! of keys, leaving them in a :ref:`striped arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>`.
+  //!
+  //! - @granularity
+  //! - @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! +++++++
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 512 integer keys that
+  //! are initially partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 128
+  //! threads where each thread owns 4 consecutive keys. The final partitioning is striped.
+  //!
+  //! .. code-block:: c++
+  //!
+  //!    #include <cub/cub.cuh>   // or equivalently <cub/block/block_radix_sort.cuh>
+  //!
+  //!    __global__ void ExampleKernel(...)
+  //!    {
+  //!        // Specialize BlockRadixSort for a 1D block of 128 threads owning 4 integer keys each
+  //!        using BlockRadixSort = cub::BlockRadixSort<int, 128, 4>;
+  //!
+  //!        // Allocate shared memory for BlockRadixSort
+  //!        __shared__ typename BlockRadixSort::TempStorage temp_storage;
+  //!
+  //!        // Obtain a segment of consecutive items that are blocked across threads
+  //!        int thread_keys[4];
+  //!        ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Collectively sort the keys
+  //!        BlockRadixSort(temp_storage).SortBlockedToStriped(thread_keys);
+  //!
+  //! Suppose the set of input ``thread_keys`` across the block of threads is
+  //! ``{ [0,511,1,510], [2,509,3,508], [4,507,5,506], ..., [254,257,255,256] }``.
+  //! The corresponding output ``thread_keys`` in those threads will be
+  //! ``{ [511,383,255,127], [386,258,130,2], [385,257,128,1], ..., [384,256,128,0] }``.
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] begin_bit
+  //!   **[optional]** The beginning (least-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] end_bit
+  //!   **[optional]** The past-the-end (most-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void
+  SortDescendingBlockedToStriped(KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], int begin_bit = 0, int end_bit = sizeof(KeyT) * 8)
+  {
+    NullType values[ITEMS_PER_THREAD];
+
+    SortBlockedToStriped(keys, values, begin_bit, end_bit, ::cuda::std::true_type(), detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs a descending block-wide radix sort over a
+  //! :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` of keys, leaving them in a
+  //! :ref:`striped arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>`.
+  //!
+  //! * @granularity
+  //! * @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! ==========================================================================
+  //!
+  //! Let's consider a user-defined ``custom_t`` type below. To sort an array of
+  //! ``custom_t`` objects, we have to tell CUB about relevant members of the
+  //! ``custom_t`` type. We do this by providing a decomposer that returns a
+  //! tuple of references to relevant members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin custom-type
+  //!     :end-before: example-end custom-type
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 4 keys that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 2 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 2 consecutive keys. The final partitioning is striped.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin keys-striped-descending-bits
+  //!     :end-before: example-end keys-striped-descending-bits
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam DecomposerT
+  //!   **[inferred]** Type of a callable object responsible for decomposing a
+  //!   ``KeyT`` into a tuple of references to its constituent arithmetic types:
+  //!   ``::cuda::std::tuple<ArithmeticTs&...> operator()(KeyT &key)``.
+  //!   The leftmost element of the tuple is considered the most significant.
+  //!   The call operator must not modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param decomposer
+  //!   Callable object responsible for decomposing a ``KeyT`` into a tuple of
+  //!   references to its constituent arithmetic types. The leftmost element of
+  //!   the tuple is considered the most significant. The call operator must not
+  //!   modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] begin_bit
+  //!   The least-significant bit index (inclusive) needed for
+  //!   key comparison
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] end_bit
+  //!   The most-significant bit index (exclusive) needed for key
+  //!   comparison (e.g., `(sizeof(float) + sizeof(long long int)) * 8`)
+  template <class DecomposerT>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE //
+  ::cuda::std::enable_if_t< //
+    !::cuda::std::is_convertible_v<DecomposerT, int>>
+  SortDescendingBlockedToStriped(KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], DecomposerT decomposer, int begin_bit, int end_bit)
+  {
+    NullType values[ITEMS_PER_THREAD];
+
+    SortBlockedToStriped(
+      keys, values, begin_bit, end_bit, ::cuda::std::true_type(), detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>, decomposer);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs a descending block-wide radix sort over a
+  //! :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` of keys, leaving them in a
+  //! :ref:`striped arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>`.
+  //!
+  //! * @granularity
+  //! * @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! ==========================================================================
+  //!
+  //! Let's consider a user-defined ``custom_t`` type below. To sort an array of
+  //! ``custom_t`` objects, we have to tell CUB about relevant members of the
+  //! ``custom_t`` type. We do this by providing a decomposer that returns a
+  //! tuple of references to relevant members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin custom-type
+  //!     :end-before: example-end custom-type
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 6 keys that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 2 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 3 consecutive keys. The final partitioning is striped.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin keys-striped-descending
+  //!     :end-before: example-end keys-striped-descending
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam DecomposerT
+  //!   **[inferred]** Type of a callable object responsible for decomposing a
+  //!   ``KeyT`` into a tuple of references to its constituent arithmetic types:
+  //!   ``::cuda::std::tuple<ArithmeticTs&...> operator()(KeyT &key)``.
+  //!   The leftmost element of the tuple is considered the most significant.
+  //!   The call operator must not modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param decomposer
+  //!   Callable object responsible for decomposing a ``KeyT`` into a tuple of
+  //!   references to its constituent arithmetic types. The leftmost element of
+  //!   the tuple is considered the most significant. The call operator must not
+  //!   modify members of the key.
+  template <class DecomposerT>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE //
+  ::cuda::std::enable_if_t< //
+    !::cuda::std::is_convertible_v<DecomposerT, int>>
+  SortDescendingBlockedToStriped(KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], DecomposerT decomposer)
+  {
+    NullType values[ITEMS_PER_THREAD];
+
+    SortBlockedToStriped(
+      keys,
+      values,
+      0,
+      detail::radix::traits_t<KeyT>::default_end_bit(decomposer),
+      ::cuda::std::true_type(),
+      detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>,
+      decomposer);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs a descending radix sort across a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>`
+  //! of keys and values, leaving them in a :ref:`striped arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>`
+  //!
+  //! - BlockRadixSort can only accommodate one associated tile of values. To "truck along"
+  //!   more than one tile of values, simply perform a key-value sort of the keys paired
+  //!   with a temporary value array that enumerates the key indices.  The reordered indices
+  //!   can then be used as a gather-vector for exchanging other associated tile data through
+  //!   shared memory.
+  //! - @granularity
+  //! - @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! +++++++
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 512 integer keys and values that
+  //! are initially partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 128
+  //! threads where each thread owns 4 consecutive pairs. The final partitioning is striped.
+  //!
+  //! .. code-block:: c++
+  //!
+  //!    #include <cub/cub.cuh>   // or equivalently <cub/block/block_radix_sort.cuh>
+  //!
+  //!    __global__ void ExampleKernel(...)
+  //!    {
+  //!        // Specialize BlockRadixSort for a 1D block of 128 threads owning 4 integer keys and values each
+  //!        using BlockRadixSort = cub::BlockRadixSort<int, 128, 4, int>;
+  //!
+  //!        // Allocate shared memory for BlockRadixSort
+  //!        __shared__ typename BlockRadixSort::TempStorage temp_storage;
+  //!
+  //!        // Obtain a segment of consecutive items that are blocked across threads
+  //!        int thread_keys[4];
+  //!        int thread_values[4];
+  //!        ...
+  //!
+  //!        // Collectively sort the keys and values among block threads
+  //!        BlockRadixSort(temp_storage).SortBlockedToStriped(thread_keys, thread_values);
+  //!
+  //! Suppose the set of input ``thread_keys`` across the block of threads is
+  //! ``{ [0,511,1,510], [2,509,3,508], [4,507,5,506], ..., [254,257,255,256] }``.
+  //! The corresponding output ``thread_keys`` in those threads will be
+  //! ``{ [511,383,255,127], [386,258,130,2], [385,257,128,1], ..., [384,256,128,0] }``.
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] values
+  //!   Values to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] begin_bit
+  //!   **[optional]** The beginning (least-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] end_bit
+  //!   **[optional]** The past-the-end (most-significant) bit index needed for key comparison
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE void SortDescendingBlockedToStriped(
+    KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    ValueT (&values)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    int begin_bit = 0,
+    int end_bit   = sizeof(KeyT) * 8)
+  {
+    SortBlockedToStriped(keys, values, begin_bit, end_bit, ::cuda::std::true_type(), detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs a descending block-wide radix sort over a
+  //! :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` of keys and values, leaving them in a
+  //! :ref:`striped arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>`.
+  //!
+  //! * @granularity
+  //! * @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! ==========================================================================
+  //!
+  //! Let's consider a user-defined ``custom_t`` type below. To sort an array of
+  //! ``custom_t`` objects, we have to tell CUB about relevant members of the
+  //! ``custom_t`` type. We do this by providing a decomposer that returns a
+  //! tuple of references to relevant members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin custom-type
+  //!     :end-before: example-end custom-type
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 4 keys and values that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 2 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 2 consecutive pairs. The final partitioning is striped.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin pairs-striped-descending-bits
+  //!     :end-before: example-end pairs-striped-descending-bits
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam DecomposerT
+  //!   **[inferred]** Type of a callable object responsible for decomposing a
+  //!   ``KeyT`` into a tuple of references to its constituent arithmetic types:
+  //!   ``::cuda::std::tuple<ArithmeticTs&...> operator()(KeyT &key)``.
+  //!   The leftmost element of the tuple is considered the most significant.
+  //!   The call operator must not modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] values
+  //!   Values to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param decomposer
+  //!   Callable object responsible for decomposing a ``KeyT`` into a tuple of
+  //!   references to its constituent arithmetic types. The leftmost element of
+  //!   the tuple is considered the most significant. The call operator must not
+  //!   modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] begin_bit
+  //!   The least-significant bit index (inclusive) needed for
+  //!   key comparison
+  //!
+  //! @param[in] end_bit
+  //!   The most-significant bit index (exclusive) needed for key
+  //!   comparison (e.g., `(sizeof(float) + sizeof(long long int)) * 8`)
+  template <class DecomposerT>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE //
+  ::cuda::std::enable_if_t< //
+    !::cuda::std::is_convertible_v<DecomposerT, int>>
+  SortDescendingBlockedToStriped(
+    KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    ValueT (&values)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD],
+    DecomposerT decomposer,
+    int begin_bit,
+    int end_bit)
+  {
+    SortBlockedToStriped(
+      keys, values, begin_bit, end_bit, ::cuda::std::true_type(), detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>, decomposer);
+  }
+
+  //! @rst
+  //! Performs a descending block-wide radix sort over a
+  //! :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` of keys and values, leaving them in a
+  //! :ref:`striped arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>`.
+  //!
+  //! * @granularity
+  //! * @smemreuse
+  //!
+  //! Snippet
+  //! ==========================================================================
+  //!
+  //! Let's consider a user-defined ``custom_t`` type below. To sort an array of
+  //! ``custom_t`` objects, we have to tell CUB about relevant members of the
+  //! ``custom_t`` type. We do this by providing a decomposer that returns a
+  //! tuple of references to relevant members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin custom-type
+  //!     :end-before: example-end custom-type
+  //!
+  //! The code snippet below illustrates a sort of 6 keys and values that
+  //! are partitioned in a :ref:`blocked arrangement <flexible-data-arrangement>` across 2 threads
+  //! where each thread owns 3 consecutive pairs. The final partitioning is striped.
+  //!
+  //! .. literalinclude:: ../../../cub/test/catch2_test_block_radix_sort_custom.cu
+  //!     :language: c++
+  //!     :dedent:
+  //!     :start-after: example-begin pairs-striped-descending
+  //!     :end-before: example-end pairs-striped-descending
+  //!
+  //! @endrst
+  //!
+  //! @tparam DecomposerT
+  //!   **[inferred]** Type of a callable object responsible for decomposing a
+  //!   ``KeyT`` into a tuple of references to its constituent arithmetic types:
+  //!   ``::cuda::std::tuple<ArithmeticTs&...> operator()(KeyT &key)``.
+  //!   The leftmost element of the tuple is considered the most significant.
+  //!   The call operator must not modify members of the key.
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] keys
+  //!   Keys to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param[in,out] values
+  //!   Values to sort
+  //!
+  //! @param decomposer
+  //!   Callable object responsible for decomposing a ``KeyT`` into a tuple of
+  //!   references to its constituent arithmetic types. The leftmost element of
+  //!   the tuple is considered the most significant. The call operator must not
+  //!   modify members of the key.
+  template <class DecomposerT>
+  _CCCL_DEVICE _CCCL_FORCEINLINE //
+  ::cuda::std::enable_if_t< //
+    !::cuda::std::is_convertible_v<DecomposerT, int>>
+  SortDescendingBlockedToStriped(
+    KeyT (&keys)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], ValueT (&values)[ITEMS_PER_THREAD], DecomposerT decomposer)
+  {
+    SortBlockedToStriped(
+      keys,
+      values,
+      0,
+      detail::radix::traits_t<KeyT>::default_end_bit(decomposer),
+      ::cuda::std::true_type(),
+      detail::bool_constant_v<KEYS_ONLY>,
+      decomposer);
+  }
+
+  //@}  end member group
+};
+
+CUB_NAMESPACE_END