comtypes 1.4.11__zip → 1.4.13__zip

{comtypes-1.4.11 → comtypes-1.4.13}/comtypes/tools/typedesc_base.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from typing import Union as _UnionT
 import comtypes
 
 
-class Argument(object):
+class Argument:
     "a Parameter in the argument list of a callable (Function, Method, ...)"
 
     def __init__(self, atype, name):
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class Argument(object):
         self.name = name
 
 
-class _HasArgs(object):
+class _HasArgs:
     def __init__(self):
         self.arguments = []
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class _HasArgs(object):
 ################
 
 
-class Alias(object):
+class Alias:
     # a C preprocessor alias, like #define A B
     def __init__(self, name, alias, typ=None):
         self.name = name
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class Alias(object):
         self.typ = typ
 
 
-class Macro(object):
+class Macro:
     # a C preprocessor definition with arguments
     def __init__(self, name, args, body):
         # all arguments are strings, args is the literal argument list
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class Macro(object):
         self.body = body
 
 
-class File(object):
+class File:
     def __init__(self, name):
         self.name = name
 
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class Method(_HasArgs):
         self.returns = returns
 
 
-class FundamentalType(object):
+class FundamentalType:
     location = None
 
     def __init__(self, name, size, align):
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class FundamentalType(object):
             self.align = int(align)
 
 
-class PointerType(object):
+class PointerType:
     location = None
 
     def __init__(self, typ, size, align):
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class PointerType(object):
         self.align = int(align)
 
 
-class Typedef(object):
+class Typedef:
     location = None
 
     def __init__(self, name, typ):
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class Typedef(object):
         self.typ = typ
 
 
-class ArrayType(object):
+class ArrayType:
     location = None
 
     def __init__(self, typ: Any, min: int, max: int) -> None:
@@ -143,21 +143,21 @@ class ArrayType(object):
         self.max = max
 
 
-class StructureHead(object):
+class StructureHead:
     location = None
 
     def __init__(self, struct: "_Struct_Union_Base") -> None:
         self.struct = struct
 
 
-class StructureBody(object):
+class StructureBody:
     location = None
 
     def __init__(self, struct: "_Struct_Union_Base") -> None:
         self.struct = struct
 
 
-class _Struct_Union_Base(object):
+class _Struct_Union_Base:
     name: str
     align: int
     members: List[_UnionT["Field", Method, Constructor]]
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class Structure(_Struct_Union_Base):
             self.size = int(size)
         else:
             self.size = None
-        super(Structure, self).__init__()
+        super().__init__()
 
 
 class Union(_Struct_Union_Base):
@@ -220,10 +220,10 @@ class Union(_Struct_Union_Base):
             self.size = int(size)
         else:
             self.size = None
-        super(Union, self).__init__()
+        super().__init__()
 
 
-class Field(object):
+class Field:
     def __init__(
         self, name: str, typ: Any, bits: Optional[Any], offset: SupportsInt
     ) -> None:
@@ -233,14 +233,14 @@ class Field(object):
         self.offset = int(offset)
 
 
-class CvQualifiedType(object):
+class CvQualifiedType:
     def __init__(self, typ, const, volatile):
         self.typ = typ
         self.const = const
         self.volatile = volatile
 
 
-class Enumeration(object):
+class Enumeration:
     location = None
 
     def __init__(self, name: str, size: SupportsInt, align: SupportsInt) -> None:
@@ -253,14 +253,14 @@ class Enumeration(object):
         self.values.append(v)
 
 
-class EnumValue(object):
+class EnumValue:
     def __init__(self, name: str, value: int, enumeration: Enumeration) -> None:
         self.name = name
         self.value = value
         self.enumeration = enumeration
 
 
-class Variable(object):
+class Variable:
     location = None
 
     def __init__(self, name, typ, init=None):

comtypes-1.4.13/comtypes/util.py

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+"""This module defines the funtions byref_at(cobj, offset)
+and cast_field(struct, fieldname, fieldtype).
+"""
+
+import sys
+from ctypes import (
+    POINTER,
+    Structure,
+    Union,
+    _SimpleCData,
+    addressof,
+    byref,
+    c_byte,
+    c_char,
+    c_double,
+    c_float,
+    c_int,
+    c_long,
+    c_longdouble,
+    c_longlong,
+    c_short,
+    c_void_p,
+    cast,
+    sizeof,
+)
+from ctypes import Array as _CArrayType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Type, TypeVar, overload
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ctypes import _CArgObject, _CData
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+_CT = TypeVar("_CT", bound="_CData")
+
+
+def _calc_offset():
+    # Internal helper function that calculates where the object
+    # returned by a byref() call stores the pointer.
+
+    # The definition of PyCArgObject in C code (that is the type of
+    # object that a byref() call returns):
+    class PyCArgObject(Structure):
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+            # While C compilers automatically determine appropriate
+            # alignment based on field data types, `ctypes` requires
+            # explicit control over memory layout.
+            #
+            # `_pack_ = 8` ensures 8-byte alignment for fields.
+            #
+            # This works on both 32-bit and 64-bit systems:
+            # - On 64-bit systems, this matches the natural alignment
+            #   for pointers.
+            # - On 32-bit systems, this is more strict than necessary
+            #   (4-byte would be enough), but still produces the
+            #   correct memory layout with proper padding.
+            #
+            # With `_pack_`, `ctypes` will automatically add padding
+            # here to ensure proper alignment of the `value` field
+            # after the `tag` and after the `size`.
+            _pack_ = 8
+        else:
+            # No special packing needed for Python 3.13 and earlier
+            # because the default alignment works fine for the legacy
+            # structure.
+            pass
+
+        class value(Union):
+            if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+                # In Python 3.14, the tagPyCArgObject structure was
+                # modified to better support complex types.
+                _fields_ = [
+                    ("c", c_char),
+                    ("b", c_char),
+                    ("h", c_short),
+                    ("i", c_int),
+                    ("l", c_long),
+                    ("q", c_longlong),
+                    ("g", c_longdouble),
+                    ("d", c_double),
+                    ("f", c_float),
+                    ("p", c_void_p),
+                    # arrays for real and imaginary of complex
+                    ("D", c_double * 2),
+                    ("F", c_float * 2),
+                    ("G", c_longdouble * 2),
+                ]
+            else:
+                _fields_ = [
+                    ("c", c_char),
+                    ("h", c_short),
+                    ("i", c_int),
+                    ("l", c_long),
+                    ("q", c_longlong),
+                    ("d", c_double),
+                    ("f", c_float),
+                    ("p", c_void_p),
+                ]
+
+        #
+        # Thanks to Lenard Lindstrom for this tip:
+        # sizeof(PyObject_HEAD) is the same as object.__basicsize__.
+        #
+        _fields_ = [
+            ("PyObject_HEAD", c_byte * object.__basicsize__),
+            ("pffi_type", c_void_p),
+            ("tag", c_char),
+            ("value", value),
+            ("obj", c_void_p),
+            ("size", c_int),
+        ]
+
+        _anonymous_ = ["value"]
+
+    # additional checks to make sure that everything works as expected
+    expected_size = type(byref(c_int())).__basicsize__
+    actual_size = sizeof(PyCArgObject)
+    if actual_size != expected_size:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            f"sizeof(PyCArgObject) mismatch: expected {expected_size}, "
+            f"got {actual_size}."
+        )
+
+    obj = c_int()
+    ref = byref(obj)
+
+    argobj = PyCArgObject.from_address(id(ref))
+
+    if argobj.obj != id(obj) or argobj.p != addressof(obj) or argobj.tag != b"P":
+        raise RuntimeError("PyCArgObject field definitions incorrect")
+
+    return PyCArgObject.p.offset  # offset of the pointer field
+
+
+################################################################
+#
+# byref_at
+#
+@overload
+def byref_at(obj: _CArrayType, offset: int) -> "_CArgObject": ...
+@overload
+def byref_at(obj: "_CData", offset: int) -> "_CArgObject": ...
+def byref_at(
+    obj,
+    offset,
+    _byref=byref,
+    _c_void_p_from_address=c_void_p.from_address,
+    _byref_pointer_offset=_calc_offset(),
+):
+    """byref_at(cobj, offset) behaves similar this C code:
+
+        (((char *)&obj) + offset)
+
+    In other words, the returned 'pointer' points to the address of
+    'cobj' + 'offset'.  'offset' is in units of bytes.
+    """
+    ref = _byref(obj)
+    # Change the pointer field in the created byref object by adding
+    # 'offset' to it:
+    _c_void_p_from_address(id(ref) + _byref_pointer_offset).value += offset
+    return ref
+
+
+################################################################
+#
+# cast_field
+#
+@overload
+def cast_field(
+    struct: Structure, fieldname: str, fieldtype: Type["_SimpleCData[_T]"]
+) -> _T: ...
+@overload
+def cast_field(struct: Structure, fieldname: str, fieldtype: Type[_CT]) -> _CT: ...
+def cast_field(
+    struct,
+    fieldname,
+    fieldtype,
+    _POINTER=POINTER,
+    _byref_at=byref_at,
+):
+    """cast_field(struct, fieldname, fieldtype)
+
+    Return the contents of a struct field as it it were of type
+    'fieldtype'.
+    """
+    fieldoffset = getattr(type(struct), fieldname).offset
+    return cast(_byref_at(struct, fieldoffset), _POINTER(fieldtype))[0]
+
+
+__all__ = ["byref_at", "cast_field"]

{comtypes-1.4.11 → comtypes-1.4.13}/comtypes/viewobject.py

@@ -1,9 +1,22 @@
 # XXX need to find out what the share from comtypes.dataobject.
-from ctypes import *
+from ctypes import (
+    HRESULT,
+    POINTER,
+    Structure,
+    alignment,
+    c_int,
+    c_ubyte,
+    c_ulong,
+    c_ushort,
+    c_void_p,
+    sizeof,
+)
 from ctypes.wintypes import _RECTL, HDC, SIZEL, tagPOINT, tagRECT
 
 from comtypes import COMMETHOD, GUID, IUnknown
 
+X64_PYTHON = sizeof(POINTER(c_int)) * 8 == 64
+
 
 class tagPALETTEENTRY(Structure):
     _fields_ = [
@@ -27,7 +40,10 @@ class tagLOGPALETTE(Structure):
     ]
 
 
-assert sizeof(tagLOGPALETTE) == 8, sizeof(tagLOGPALETTE)
+if X64_PYTHON:
+    assert sizeof(tagLOGPALETTE) == 12, sizeof(tagLOGPALETTE)
+else:
+    assert sizeof(tagLOGPALETTE) == 8, sizeof(tagLOGPALETTE)
 assert alignment(tagLOGPALETTE) == 2, alignment(tagLOGPALETTE)
 
 
@@ -42,8 +58,12 @@ class tagDVTARGETDEVICE(Structure):
     ]
 
 
-assert sizeof(tagDVTARGETDEVICE) == 16, sizeof(tagDVTARGETDEVICE)
-assert alignment(tagDVTARGETDEVICE) == 4, alignment(tagDVTARGETDEVICE)
+if X64_PYTHON:
+    assert sizeof(tagDVTARGETDEVICE) == 24, sizeof(tagDVTARGETDEVICE)
+    assert alignment(tagDVTARGETDEVICE) == 8, alignment(tagDVTARGETDEVICE)
+else:
+    assert sizeof(tagDVTARGETDEVICE) == 16, sizeof(tagDVTARGETDEVICE)
+    assert alignment(tagDVTARGETDEVICE) == 4, alignment(tagDVTARGETDEVICE)
 
 
 class tagExtentInfo(Structure):
@@ -55,7 +75,7 @@ class tagExtentInfo(Structure):
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
         self.cb = sizeof(self)
-        super(tagExtentInfo, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
+        super().__init__(*args, **kw)
 
     def __repr__(self):
         size = (self.sizelProposed.cx, self.sizelProposed.cy)
@@ -64,6 +84,10 @@ class tagExtentInfo(Structure):
 
 assert sizeof(tagExtentInfo) == 16, sizeof(tagExtentInfo)
 assert alignment(tagExtentInfo) == 4, alignment(tagExtentInfo)
+
+PALETTEENTRY = tagPALETTEENTRY
+LOGPALETTE = tagLOGPALETTE
+DVTARGETDEVICE = tagDVTARGETDEVICE
 DVEXTENTINFO = tagExtentInfo
 
 IAdviseSink = IUnknown  # fake the interface

{comtypes-1.4.11 → comtypes-1.4.13/comtypes.egg-info}/PKG-INFO

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Metadata-Version: 2.4
 Name: comtypes
-Version: 1.4.11
+Version: 1.4.13
 Summary: Pure Python COM package
 Home-page: https://github.com/enthought/comtypes
 Download-URL: https://github.com/enthought/comtypes/releases
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Classifier: Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows
 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
 Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
-Requires-Python: >=3.8
+Requires-Python: >=3.9
 Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
 License-File: LICENSE.txt
 Dynamic: download-url
@@ -25,18 +25,18 @@ Dynamic: license-file
 [![PyPI version](https://badge.fury.io/py/comtypes.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/comtypes/) [![PyPI - Python Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/comtypes)](https://pypi.org/project/comtypes/) [![PyPI - Python Requires](https://img.shields.io/badge/dynamic/json?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpypi.org%2Fpypi%2Fcomtypes%2Fjson&query=info.requires_python&label=Python Requires)](https://pypi.org/project/comtypes/)  
 [![PyPI - License](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/comtypes)](https://pypi.org/project/comtypes/) [![PyPI - Downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/comtypes)](https://pypi.org/project/comtypes/)  
 [![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/enthought/comtypes?style=social)](https://github.com/enthought/comtypes/stargazers) [![GitHub forks](https://img.shields.io/github/forks/enthought/comtypes?style=social)](https://github.com/enthought/comtypes/network/members) [![Ruff](https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/badge/v2.json)](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff)  
-[![Tidelift Subscription](https://tidelift.com/badges/package/pypi/comtypes)](https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/pypi-comtypes?utm_source=pypi-comtypes&utm_medium=readme)
+[![Tidelift Subscription](https://tidelift.com/badges/package/pypi/comtypes)](https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/pypi-comtypes?utm_source=pypi-comtypes&utm_medium=readme) [![Coverage](https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/enthought/comtypes)](https://app.codecov.io/github/enthought/comtypes)  
 
 
 `comtypes` is a lightweight pure Python [COM](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/com/component-object-model--com--portal) package based on the [`ctypes`](https://docs.python.org/library/ctypes.html) foreign function interface library.
 
 `comtypes` allows you to define, call, and implement custom and dispatch-based COM interfaces in pure Python.
 
-`comtypes` requires Windows and Python 3.8 or later.
+`comtypes` requires Windows and Python 3.9 or later.
+- Version [1.4.12](https://pypi.org/project/comtypes/1.4.12/) is the last version to support Python 3.8.
 - Version <= [1.4.7](https://pypi.org/project/comtypes/1.4.7/) does not work with Python 3.13 as reported in [GH-618](https://github.com/enthought/comtypes/issues/618). Version [1.4.8](https://pypi.org/project/comtypes/1.4.8/) can work with Python 3.13.
 - Version [1.4.6](https://pypi.org/project/comtypes/1.4.6/) is the last version to support Python 3.7.
 - Version [1.2.1](https://pypi.org/project/comtypes/1.2.1/) is the last version to support Python 2.7 and 3.3–3.6.
-- `comtypes` does not work with Python 3.8.1 as reported in [GH-202](https://github.com/enthought/comtypes/issues/202). This bug has been fixed in Python >= 3.8.2.
 - Certain `comtypes` functions may not work correctly in Python 3.8 and 3.9 as reported in [GH-212](https://github.com/enthought/comtypes/issues/212). This bug has been fixed in Python >= 3.10.10 and >= 3.11.2.
 
 ## Installation

{comtypes-1.4.11 → comtypes-1.4.13}/comtypes.egg-info/SOURCES.txt

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ comtypes.egg-info/entry_points.txt
 comtypes.egg-info/top_level.txt
 comtypes/_post_coinit/__init__.py
 comtypes/_post_coinit/_cominterface_meta_patcher.py
+comtypes/_post_coinit/activeobj.py
 comtypes/_post_coinit/bstr.py
 comtypes/_post_coinit/instancemethod.py
 comtypes/_post_coinit/misc.py
@@ -103,6 +104,7 @@ comtypes/test/test_ienum.py
 comtypes/test/test_imfattributes.py
 comtypes/test/test_inout_args.py
 comtypes/test/test_jscript.js
+comtypes/test/test_messageloop.py
 comtypes/test/test_midl_safearray_create.py
 comtypes/test/test_monikers.py
 comtypes/test/test_msscript.py
@@ -123,7 +125,9 @@ comtypes/test/test_subinterface.py
 comtypes/test/test_typeannotator.py
 comtypes/test/test_typeinfo.py
 comtypes/test/test_urlhistory.py
+comtypes/test/test_util.py
 comtypes/test/test_variant.py
+comtypes/test/test_viewobject.py
 comtypes/test/test_w_getopt.py
 comtypes/test/test_win32com_interop.py
 comtypes/test/test_wmi.py

{comtypes-1.4.11 → comtypes-1.4.13}/pyproject.toml

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ ignore = ["E402"]
 "comtypes/_vtbl.py" = ["E722"]
 "comtypes/automation.py" = ["F401", "F403", "F405"]
 "comtypes/git.py" = ["F401", "F403", "F405"]
-"comtypes/util.py" = ["F403", "F405"]
 "comtypes/viewobject.py" = ["F403", "F405"]
 "comtypes/client/_constants.py" = ["F401"]
 "comtypes/server/automation.py" = ["F403", "F405"]
@@ -40,3 +39,15 @@ ignore = ["E402"]
 "comtypes/test/test_subinterface.py" = ["E401", "F401", "F403", "F405"]
 "comtypes/test/test_urlhistory.py" = ["E401", "F401", "F403", "F405", "F841"]
 "comtypes/test/test_variant.py" = ["F401", "F821", "F841"]
+
+[tool.coverage.run]
+# Specify the source directory to avoid tracking temporary files created by "test_client_regenerate_modules.py".
+# Without this, coverage track these temporary files, leading to error when trying to generate a report.
+source = ["comtypes"]
+omit = ["comtypes/gen/*"]
+
+[tool.coverage.report]
+exclude_also = [
+    "if __name__ == .__main__.:",
+    "if TYPE_CHECKING:",
+]

{comtypes-1.4.11 → comtypes-1.4.13}/setup.cfg

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ classifiers =
 	Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
 
 [options]
-python_requires = >=3.8
+python_requires = >=3.9
 packages = 
 	comtypes
 	comtypes._post_coinit

comtypes-1.4.11/comtypes/test/test_persist.py

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-import tempfile
-import unittest as ut
-from pathlib import Path
-
-from comtypes import GUID, CoCreateInstance, IPersist, persist
-
-CLSID_ShellLink = GUID("{00021401-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}")
-
-
-class Test_IPersist(ut.TestCase):
-    def test_GetClassID(self):
-        p = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_ShellLink).QueryInterface(IPersist)
-        self.assertEqual(p.GetClassID(), CLSID_ShellLink)
-
-
-class Test_IPersistFile(ut.TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        td = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
-        self.addCleanup(td.cleanup)
-        self.tmp_dir = Path(td.name)
-
-    def _create_pf(self) -> persist.IPersistFile:
-        return CoCreateInstance(CLSID_ShellLink).QueryInterface(persist.IPersistFile)
-
-    def test_load(self):
-        pf = self._create_pf()
-        tgt_file = (self.tmp_dir / "tgt.txt").resolve()
-        tgt_file.touch()
-        pf.Load(str(tgt_file), persist.STGM_DIRECT)
-        self.assertEqual(pf.GetCurFile(), str(tgt_file))
-
-    def test_save(self):
-        pf = self._create_pf()
-        tgt_file = self.tmp_dir / "tgt.txt"
-        self.assertFalse(tgt_file.exists())
-        pf.Save(str(tgt_file), True)
-        self.assertEqual(pf.GetCurFile(), str(tgt_file))
-        self.assertTrue(tgt_file.exists())

comtypes-1.4.11/comtypes/util.py

@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-"""This module defines the funtions byref_at(cobj, offset)
-and cast_field(struct, fieldname, fieldtype).
-"""
-
-from ctypes import *
-
-
-def _calc_offset():
-    # Internal helper function that calculates where the object
-    # returned by a byref() call stores the pointer.
-
-    # The definition of PyCArgObject in C code (that is the type of
-    # object that a byref() call returns):
-    class PyCArgObject(Structure):
-        class value(Union):
-            _fields_ = [
-                ("c", c_char),
-                ("h", c_short),
-                ("i", c_int),
-                ("l", c_long),
-                ("q", c_longlong),
-                ("d", c_double),
-                ("f", c_float),
-                ("p", c_void_p),
-            ]
-
-        #
-        # Thanks to Lenard Lindstrom for this tip:
-        # sizeof(PyObject_HEAD) is the same as object.__basicsize__.
-        #
-        _fields_ = [
-            ("PyObject_HEAD", c_byte * object.__basicsize__),
-            ("pffi_type", c_void_p),
-            ("tag", c_char),
-            ("value", value),
-            ("obj", c_void_p),
-            ("size", c_int),
-        ]
-
-        _anonymous_ = ["value"]
-
-    # additional checks to make sure that everything works as expected
-
-    if sizeof(PyCArgObject) != type(byref(c_int())).__basicsize__:
-        raise RuntimeError("sizeof(PyCArgObject) invalid")
-
-    obj = c_int()
-    ref = byref(obj)
-
-    argobj = PyCArgObject.from_address(id(ref))
-
-    if argobj.obj != id(obj) or argobj.p != addressof(obj) or argobj.tag != "P":
-        raise RuntimeError("PyCArgObject field definitions incorrect")
-
-    return PyCArgObject.p.offset  # offset of the pointer field
-
-
-################################################################
-#
-# byref_at
-#
-def byref_at(
-    obj,
-    offset,
-    _byref=byref,
-    _c_void_p_from_address=c_void_p.from_address,
-    _byref_pointer_offset=_calc_offset(),
-):
-    """byref_at(cobj, offset) behaves similar this C code:
-
-        (((char *)&obj) + offset)
-
-    In other words, the returned 'pointer' points to the address of
-    'cobj' + 'offset'.  'offset' is in units of bytes.
-    """
-    ref = _byref(obj)
-    # Change the pointer field in the created byref object by adding
-    # 'offset' to it:
-    _c_void_p_from_address(id(ref) + _byref_pointer_offset).value += offset
-    return ref
-
-
-################################################################
-#
-# cast_field
-#
-def cast_field(
-    struct,
-    fieldname,
-    fieldtype,
-    offset=0,
-    _POINTER=POINTER,
-    _byref_at=byref_at,
-    _byref=byref,
-    _divmod=divmod,
-    _sizeof=sizeof,
-):
-    """cast_field(struct, fieldname, fieldtype)
-
-    Return the contents of a struct field as it it were of type
-    'fieldtype'.
-    """
-    fieldoffset = getattr(type(struct), fieldname).offset
-    return cast(_byref_at(struct, fieldoffset), _POINTER(fieldtype))[0]
-
-
-__all__ = ["byref_at", "cast_field"]