claude-mpm 4.25.10__py3-none-any.whl → 5.1.8__py3-none-any.whl

claude_mpm/skills/bundled/debugging/root-cause-tracing/references/examples.md

@@ -1,587 +0,0 @@
-# Real-World Tracing Examples
-
-Detailed examples showing complete root cause tracing processes with full trace chains and solutions.
-
-## Example 1: Git Init in Wrong Directory
-
-### The Symptom
-
-**Observed behavior:**
-```bash
-$ npm test
-...
-Error: fatal: .git directory created in /Users/jesse/project/packages/core
-```
-
-Tests were creating a `.git` directory in the source code folder instead of a temporary directory.
-
-### Initial Investigation
-
-**First thought:** "Just validate the directory parameter in git init"
-
-**WRONG:** This would be a symptom fix. We need to find WHY the directory is wrong.
-
-### The Trace
-
-#### Step 1: Find Immediate Cause
-
-```typescript
-// worktree-manager.ts:45
-async function createSessionWorktree(projectDir: string, sessionId: string) {
-  // This line creates .git in wrong place
-  await execFileAsync('git', ['init'], { cwd: projectDir });
-}
-```
-
-**Discovery:** `projectDir` is an empty string `''`
-**Why is this wrong:** Empty string as `cwd` resolves to `process.cwd()` (current directory)
-
-#### Step 2: Where Does Empty String Come From?
-
-```typescript
-// session.ts:34
-static async create(name: string, projectDir: string) {
-  const session = new Session(name);
-  await session.initializeWorkspace(projectDir); // ← calls worktree manager
-  return session;
-}
-```
-
-**Discovery:** Session.create() receives `projectDir = ''`
-**Question:** Where does Session.create() get this value?
-
-#### Step 3: Trace to Caller
-
-```typescript
-// project.ts:67
-static async create(name: string, directory: string) {
-  await Session.create(name, directory); // ← passes directory through
-  // ...
-}
-```
-
-**Discovery:** Project.create() also receives `directory = ''`
-**Question:** What calls Project.create() with empty string?
-
-#### Step 4: Check Test Code
-
-```typescript
-// project.test.ts:12
-const context = setupCoreTest();
-const PROJECT_DIR = context.tempDir; // ← Accessed at module load time!
-
-describe('Project', () => {
-  it('should create project', async () => {
-    await Project.create('test-project', PROJECT_DIR);
-  });
-});
-```
-
-**Discovery:** `PROJECT_DIR` is set to `context.tempDir` at module load time
-**Question:** What is `context.tempDir` at module load time?
-
-#### Step 5: Root Cause Found
-
-```typescript
-// test-setup.ts
-export function setupCoreTest() {
-  let _tempDir = ''; // ← Initial value is empty string
-
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    _tempDir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'test-'));
-  });
-
-  afterEach(() => {
-    if (_tempDir) fs.rmSync(_tempDir, { recursive: true });
-  });
-
-  return {
-    tempDir: _tempDir // ← Returns empty string at module load time
-  };
-}
-```
-
-**ROOT CAUSE:** The test accesses `context.tempDir` at module load time (when defining `PROJECT_DIR`), but `_tempDir` is only set during `beforeEach`. At module load time, it's still `''`.
-
-### The Solution
-
-#### Fix at Source
-
-```typescript
-export function setupCoreTest() {
-  let _tempDir: string | null = null; // ← null instead of empty string
-
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    _tempDir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'test-'));
-  });
-
-  afterEach(() => {
-    if (_tempDir) fs.rmSync(_tempDir, { recursive: true });
-    _tempDir = null;
-  });
-
-  return {
-    get tempDir(): string {
-      if (!_tempDir) {
-        throw new Error('tempDir accessed before beforeEach ran');
-      }
-      return _tempDir;
-    }
-  };
-}
-```
-
-**Why this works:**
-- Accessing `context.tempDir` at module load time now throws immediately
-- Forces tests to access it only within test cases
-- Clear error message guides developers to fix
-
-#### Add Defense-in-Depth
-
-```typescript
-// Layer 1: Project.create() validates directory
-static async create(name: string, directory: string) {
-  if (!directory || directory.trim() === '') {
-    throw new Error('Project directory cannot be empty');
-  }
-  // ...
-}
-
-// Layer 2: WorkspaceManager validates not empty
-async function initializeWorkspace(projectDir: string) {
-  if (!projectDir) {
-    throw new Error('projectDir cannot be empty');
-  }
-  // ...
-}
-
-// Layer 3: NODE_ENV guard refuses git init outside tmpdir
-async function createSessionWorktree(projectDir: string, sessionId: string) {
-  if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'test' && !projectDir.includes('tmp')) {
-    throw new Error(`Test safety: refusing git init outside tmpdir: ${projectDir}`);
-  }
-  await execFileAsync('git', ['init'], { cwd: projectDir });
-}
-
-// Layer 4: Stack trace logging before git init
-async function createSessionWorktree(projectDir: string, sessionId: string) {
-  if (!projectDir || projectDir === process.cwd()) {
-    console.error('DEBUG git init:', {
-      projectDir,
-      cwd: process.cwd(),
-      stack: new Error().stack
-    });
-  }
-  await execFileAsync('git', ['init'], { cwd: projectDir });
-}
-```
-
-### Results
-
-- 1847 tests passed
-- Zero `.git` pollution
-- Clear error message for similar issues
-- Multiple layers prevent similar bugs
-
-### Time Saved
-
-**With root cause tracing:** 45 minutes
-**Without (symptom fixes):** 3+ hours of whack-a-mole
-
-## Example 2: Database Connection URL Wrong
-
-### The Symptom
-
-```
-Error: Connection failed: database "undefined" does not exist
-  at Database.connect (database.ts:34)
-```
-
-Application crashes on startup because database name is undefined.
-
-### The Trace
-
-#### Step 1: Find Immediate Cause
-
-```typescript
-// database.ts:34
-async function connect(url: string) {
-  this.connection = await pg.connect(url); // ← Crashes here
-}
-```
-
-**Discovery:** `url = "postgresql://localhost/undefined"`
-**Why is this wrong:** Database name is literally the string "undefined"
-
-#### Step 2: Where Does URL Come From?
-
-```typescript
-// database.ts:12
-constructor(config: DatabaseConfig) {
-  this.url = `postgresql://${config.host}/${config.database}`; // ← constructs URL
-}
-```
-
-**Discovery:** `config.database = undefined`
-**Question:** Where does config come from?
-
-#### Step 3: Trace to Configuration Loading
-
-```typescript
-// app.ts:23
-const dbConfig: DatabaseConfig = {
-  host: process.env.DATABASE_HOST || 'localhost',
-  database: process.env.DATABASE_NAME, // ← No default value!
-  port: parseInt(process.env.DATABASE_PORT || '5432')
-};
-```
-
-**Discovery:** `DATABASE_NAME` environment variable is not set
-**Question:** Why isn't it set?
-
-#### Step 4: Check Environment Setup
-
-```typescript
-// .env file
-DATABASE_HOST=localhost
-DATABASE_PORT=5432
-# DATABASE_NAME missing!
-```
-
-**ROOT CAUSE:** Environment variable not defined, and code doesn't validate required variables.
-
-### The Solution
-
-#### Fix at Source
-
-```typescript
-// config.ts - Load and validate environment
-export function loadDatabaseConfig(): DatabaseConfig {
-  const requiredEnvVars = ['DATABASE_NAME', 'DATABASE_HOST'];
-  const missing = requiredEnvVars.filter(v => !process.env[v]);
-
-  if (missing.length > 0) {
-    throw new Error(`Required environment variables missing: ${missing.join(', ')}`);
-  }
-
-  return {
-    host: process.env.DATABASE_HOST!,
-    database: process.env.DATABASE_NAME!,
-    port: parseInt(process.env.DATABASE_PORT || '5432')
-  };
-}
-```
-
-#### Add Defense-in-Depth
-
-```typescript
-// Layer 1: Type-safe config with validation
-interface DatabaseConfig {
-  host: string;
-  database: string;
-  port: number;
-}
-
-// Layer 2: Constructor validates config
-constructor(config: DatabaseConfig) {
-  if (!config.database || config.database === 'undefined') {
-    throw new Error('Database name cannot be empty or undefined');
-  }
-  this.url = `postgresql://${config.host}/${config.database}`;
-}
-
-// Layer 3: Validate URL before connect
-async function connect(url: string) {
-  if (url.includes('/undefined')) {
-    throw new Error(`Invalid database URL: ${url}`);
-  }
-  this.connection = await pg.connect(url);
-}
-```
-
-### Results
-
-- Application fails fast at startup with clear error
-- Developers immediately know which env var is missing
-- Prevents confusing "database undefined does not exist" error
-
-## Example 3: User ID = 0 in Database Query
-
-### The Symptom
-
-```
-Error: Cannot query user: id cannot be 0
-  at UserRepository.findById (user-repository.ts:45)
-```
-
-Database query fails because user ID is 0 (invalid).
-
-### The Trace
-
-#### Step 1: Find Immediate Cause
-
-```typescript
-// user-repository.ts:45
-async findById(id: number): Promise<User> {
-  if (id === 0) {
-    throw new Error('Cannot query user: id cannot be 0');
-  }
-  return await this.db.query('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?', [id]);
-}
-```
-
-**Discovery:** `id = 0` being passed to query
-**Question:** Where does this come from?
-
-#### Step 2: Trace to Caller
-
-```typescript
-// auth-middleware.ts:67
-async authenticate(req: Request): Promise<User> {
-  const userId = this.extractUserId(req);
-  return await this.userRepo.findById(userId); // ← userId is 0
-}
-```
-
-**Discovery:** `extractUserId()` returns 0
-**Question:** Why does it return 0?
-
-#### Step 3: Check ID Extraction
-
-```typescript
-// auth-middleware.ts:34
-private extractUserId(req: Request): number {
-  const token = req.headers.authorization?.replace('Bearer ', '');
-  if (!token) return 0; // ← Default to 0 if no token!
-
-  const decoded = jwt.verify(token, SECRET);
-  return decoded.userId;
-}
-```
-
-**Discovery:** Returns 0 when no authorization header
-**Question:** Why is there no authorization header?
-
-#### Step 4: Check Request Handling
-
-```typescript
-// router.ts:23
-app.get('/api/user/profile', async (req, res) => {
-  const user = await authMiddleware.authenticate(req); // ← Called on public route!
-  res.json(user);
-});
-```
-
-**ROOT CAUSE:** Authentication middleware called on public route that doesn't require authentication. When no token present, it defaults to userId=0.
-
-### The Solution
-
-#### Fix at Source
-
-```typescript
-// router.ts - Separate public and protected routes
-app.get('/api/public/profile', async (req, res) => {
-  // Public route - no authentication
-  res.json({ message: 'Public profile' });
-});
-
-app.get('/api/user/profile',
-  requireAuth(), // ← Middleware throws if no auth
-  async (req, res) => {
-    const user = await authMiddleware.authenticate(req);
-    res.json(user);
-  }
-);
-```
-
-#### Add Defense-in-Depth
-
-```typescript
-// Layer 1: Don't default to 0, throw instead
-private extractUserId(req: Request): number {
-  const token = req.headers.authorization?.replace('Bearer ', '');
-  if (!token) {
-    throw new UnauthorizedError('No authorization token provided');
-  }
-
-  const decoded = jwt.verify(token, SECRET);
-  return decoded.userId;
-}
-
-// Layer 2: Validate userId before query
-async findById(id: number): Promise<User> {
-  if (!id || id <= 0) {
-    throw new Error(`Invalid user ID: ${id}`);
-  }
-  return await this.db.query('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?', [id]);
-}
-
-// Layer 3: Type system (use branded types)
-type UserId = number & { readonly __brand: 'UserId' };
-
-function validateUserId(id: number): UserId {
-  if (!id || id <= 0) throw new Error('Invalid user ID');
-  return id as UserId;
-}
-```
-
-### Results
-
-- Authentication errors are clear and immediate
-- Protected routes always require authentication
-- No magic "0" default that causes confusing errors
-
-## Example 4: React Component Renders Wrong Data
-
-### The Symptom
-
-```
-Component shows data from previous user after logout/login
-```
-
-User logs out, logs in as different user, but sees previous user's data briefly.
-
-### The Trace
-
-#### Step 1: Observe Behavior
-
-- User A logs in → sees correct data
-- User A logs out → data clears
-- User B logs in → sees User A's data for ~100ms
-- After 100ms → sees correct User B data
-
-**Discovery:** Stale data being shown before new data loads
-
-#### Step 2: Check Component Data Source
-
-```typescript
-// UserDashboard.tsx
-function UserDashboard() {
-  const user = useSelector(state => state.auth.user);
-  const data = useSelector(state => state.userData.data);
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    dispatch(fetchUserData(user.id)); // ← Fetches new data
-  }, [user.id]);
-
-  return <div>{data.name}</div>; // ← Shows stale data during fetch
-}
-```
-
-**Discovery:** Redux store still has old user's data when new user logs in
-**Question:** Why isn't the old data cleared?
-
-#### Step 3: Check Login/Logout Actions
-
-```typescript
-// auth.actions.ts
-export function logout() {
-  return { type: 'LOGOUT' }; // ← Only clears auth state
-}
-
-// auth.reducer.ts
-case 'LOGOUT':
-  return { user: null }; // ← Only clears user
-
-// userData.reducer.ts (SEPARATE REDUCER)
-case 'FETCH_USER_DATA':
-  return { ...state, data: action.payload }; // ← Never cleared!
-```
-
-**ROOT CAUSE:** Logout action only clears auth state, not user data. User data reducer never listens to LOGOUT action.
-
-### The Solution
-
-#### Fix at Source
-
-```typescript
-// userData.reducer.ts
-import { LOGOUT } from './auth.actions';
-
-case LOGOUT:
-  return initialState; // ← Clear data on logout
-
-case 'FETCH_USER_DATA':
-  return { ...state, data: action.payload };
-```
-
-#### Add Defense-in-Depth
-
-```typescript
-// Layer 1: Clear all data on logout
-export function logout() {
-  return (dispatch) => {
-    dispatch({ type: 'LOGOUT' });
-    dispatch({ type: 'CLEAR_USER_DATA' });
-    dispatch({ type: 'CLEAR_PREFERENCES' });
-    dispatch({ type: 'CLEAR_CACHE' });
-  };
-}
-
-// Layer 2: Check user ID matches before showing data
-function UserDashboard() {
-  const user = useSelector(state => state.auth.user);
-  const userData = useSelector(state => state.userData.data);
-
-  // Don't show data if user IDs don't match
-  const dataIsValid = userData && userData.userId === user?.id;
-
-  return <div>{dataIsValid ? userData.name : 'Loading...'}</div>;
-}
-
-// Layer 3: Reset all reducers on logout
-const appReducer = combineReducers({
-  auth: authReducer,
-  userData: userDataReducer,
-  // ...
-});
-
-const rootReducer = (state, action) => {
-  if (action.type === 'LOGOUT') {
-    state = undefined; // ← Reset entire store
-  }
-  return appReducer(state, action);
-};
-```
-
-### Results
-
-- No stale data shown after logout
-- Clean state for each user session
-- Prevents data leakage between users
-
-## Common Patterns Across Examples
-
-### Pattern: Unvalidated Input at Boundaries
-
-**Examples:**
-- Git init: Empty string not caught at entry point
-- Database: Missing env var not validated at startup
-- User ID: Missing token defaulted to 0
-
-**Solution:** Validate at system boundaries (entry points, config loading)
-
-### Pattern: State Not Cleared on Transitions
-
-**Examples:**
-- Test setup: tempDir accessed before initialization
-- React: User data not cleared on logout
-
-**Solution:** Explicit state transitions with cleanup
-
-### Pattern: Magic Default Values
-
-**Examples:**
-- Empty string defaulting to process.cwd()
-- 0 as default user ID
-- undefined becoming string "undefined"
-
-**Solution:** No magic defaults - fail fast with errors
-
-## Takeaways
-
-1. **Never stop at symptoms** - Always trace to root cause
-2. **Fix at source** - Don't add bandaids at error point
-3. **Add defense** - Multiple layers catch similar issues
-4. **Document trace** - Write down call chain as you go
-5. **Verify fix** - Ensure fix addresses root cause, not just symptom