chunkr-ai 0.1.0__py3-none-any.whl → 0.1.0a1__py3-none-any.whl

chunkr_ai/_models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,829 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import inspect
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Type, Union, Generic, TypeVar, Callable, Optional, cast
+from datetime import date, datetime
+from typing_extensions import (
+    List,
+    Unpack,
+    Literal,
+    ClassVar,
+    Protocol,
+    Required,
+    ParamSpec,
+    TypedDict,
+    TypeGuard,
+    final,
+    override,
+    runtime_checkable,
+)
+
+import pydantic
+from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
+
+from ._types import (
+    Body,
+    IncEx,
+    Query,
+    ModelT,
+    Headers,
+    Timeout,
+    NotGiven,
+    AnyMapping,
+    HttpxRequestFiles,
+)
+from ._utils import (
+    PropertyInfo,
+    is_list,
+    is_given,
+    json_safe,
+    lru_cache,
+    is_mapping,
+    parse_date,
+    coerce_boolean,
+    parse_datetime,
+    strip_not_given,
+    extract_type_arg,
+    is_annotated_type,
+    is_type_alias_type,
+    strip_annotated_type,
+)
+from ._compat import (
+    PYDANTIC_V2,
+    ConfigDict,
+    GenericModel as BaseGenericModel,
+    get_args,
+    is_union,
+    parse_obj,
+    get_origin,
+    is_literal_type,
+    get_model_config,
+    get_model_fields,
+    field_get_default,
+)
+from ._constants import RAW_RESPONSE_HEADER
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pydantic_core.core_schema import ModelField, ModelSchema, LiteralSchema, ModelFieldsSchema
+
+__all__ = ["BaseModel", "GenericModel"]
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+_BaseModelT = TypeVar("_BaseModelT", bound="BaseModel")
+
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+
+
+@runtime_checkable
+class _ConfigProtocol(Protocol):
+    allow_population_by_field_name: bool
+
+
+class BaseModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
+    if PYDANTIC_V2:
+        model_config: ClassVar[ConfigDict] = ConfigDict(
+            extra="allow", defer_build=coerce_boolean(os.environ.get("DEFER_PYDANTIC_BUILD", "true"))
+        )
+    else:
+
+        @property
+        @override
+        def model_fields_set(self) -> set[str]:
+            # a forwards-compat shim for pydantic v2
+            return self.__fields_set__  # type: ignore
+
+        class Config(pydantic.BaseConfig):  # pyright: ignore[reportDeprecated]
+            extra: Any = pydantic.Extra.allow  # type: ignore
+
+    def to_dict(
+        self,
+        *,
+        mode: Literal["json", "python"] = "python",
+        use_api_names: bool = True,
+        exclude_unset: bool = True,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+        warnings: bool = True,
+    ) -> dict[str, object]:
+        """Recursively generate a dictionary representation of the model, optionally specifying which fields to include or exclude.
+
+        By default, fields that were not set by the API will not be included,
+        and keys will match the API response, *not* the property names from the model.
+
+        For example, if the API responds with `"fooBar": true` but we've defined a `foo_bar: bool` property,
+        the output will use the `"fooBar"` key (unless `use_api_names=False` is passed).
+
+        Args:
+            mode:
+                If mode is 'json', the dictionary will only contain JSON serializable types. e.g. `datetime` will be turned into a string, `"2024-3-22T18:11:19.117000Z"`.
+                If mode is 'python', the dictionary may contain any Python objects. e.g. `datetime(2024, 3, 22)`
+
+            use_api_names: Whether to use the key that the API responded with or the property name. Defaults to `True`.
+            exclude_unset: Whether to exclude fields that have not been explicitly set.
+            exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields that are set to their default value from the output.
+            exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None` from the output.
+            warnings: Whether to log warnings when invalid fields are encountered. This is only supported in Pydantic v2.
+        """
+        return self.model_dump(
+            mode=mode,
+            by_alias=use_api_names,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            warnings=warnings,
+        )
+
+    def to_json(
+        self,
+        *,
+        indent: int | None = 2,
+        use_api_names: bool = True,
+        exclude_unset: bool = True,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+        warnings: bool = True,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Generates a JSON string representing this model as it would be received from or sent to the API (but with indentation).
+
+        By default, fields that were not set by the API will not be included,
+        and keys will match the API response, *not* the property names from the model.
+
+        For example, if the API responds with `"fooBar": true` but we've defined a `foo_bar: bool` property,
+        the output will use the `"fooBar"` key (unless `use_api_names=False` is passed).
+
+        Args:
+            indent: Indentation to use in the JSON output. If `None` is passed, the output will be compact. Defaults to `2`
+            use_api_names: Whether to use the key that the API responded with or the property name. Defaults to `True`.
+            exclude_unset: Whether to exclude fields that have not been explicitly set.
+            exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields that have the default value.
+            exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None`.
+            warnings: Whether to show any warnings that occurred during serialization. This is only supported in Pydantic v2.
+        """
+        return self.model_dump_json(
+            indent=indent,
+            by_alias=use_api_names,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            warnings=warnings,
+        )
+
+    @override
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        # mypy complains about an invalid self arg
+        return f"{self.__repr_name__()}({self.__repr_str__(', ')})"  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+    # Override the 'construct' method in a way that supports recursive parsing without validation.
+    # Based on https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic/issues/1168#issuecomment-817742836.
+    @classmethod
+    @override
+    def construct(  # pyright: ignore[reportIncompatibleMethodOverride]
+        __cls: Type[ModelT],
+        _fields_set: set[str] | None = None,
+        **values: object,
+    ) -> ModelT:
+        m = __cls.__new__(__cls)
+        fields_values: dict[str, object] = {}
+
+        config = get_model_config(__cls)
+        populate_by_name = (
+            config.allow_population_by_field_name
+            if isinstance(config, _ConfigProtocol)
+            else config.get("populate_by_name")
+        )
+
+        if _fields_set is None:
+            _fields_set = set()
+
+        model_fields = get_model_fields(__cls)
+        for name, field in model_fields.items():
+            key = field.alias
+            if key is None or (key not in values and populate_by_name):
+                key = name
+
+            if key in values:
+                fields_values[name] = _construct_field(value=values[key], field=field, key=key)
+                _fields_set.add(name)
+            else:
+                fields_values[name] = field_get_default(field)
+
+        extra_field_type = _get_extra_fields_type(__cls)
+
+        _extra = {}
+        for key, value in values.items():
+            if key not in model_fields:
+                parsed = construct_type(value=value, type_=extra_field_type) if extra_field_type is not None else value
+
+                if PYDANTIC_V2:
+                    _extra[key] = parsed
+                else:
+                    _fields_set.add(key)
+                    fields_values[key] = parsed
+
+        object.__setattr__(m, "__dict__", fields_values)
+
+        if PYDANTIC_V2:
+            # these properties are copied from Pydantic's `model_construct()` method
+            object.__setattr__(m, "__pydantic_private__", None)
+            object.__setattr__(m, "__pydantic_extra__", _extra)
+            object.__setattr__(m, "__pydantic_fields_set__", _fields_set)
+        else:
+            # init_private_attributes() does not exist in v2
+            m._init_private_attributes()  # type: ignore
+
+            # copied from Pydantic v1's `construct()` method
+            object.__setattr__(m, "__fields_set__", _fields_set)
+
+        return m
+
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        # type checkers incorrectly complain about this assignment
+        # because the type signatures are technically different
+        # although not in practice
+        model_construct = construct
+
+    if not PYDANTIC_V2:
+        # we define aliases for some of the new pydantic v2 methods so
+        # that we can just document these methods without having to specify
+        # a specific pydantic version as some users may not know which
+        # pydantic version they are currently using
+
+        @override
+        def model_dump(
+            self,
+            *,
+            mode: Literal["json", "python"] | str = "python",
+            include: IncEx | None = None,
+            exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+            by_alias: bool = False,
+            exclude_unset: bool = False,
+            exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+            exclude_none: bool = False,
+            round_trip: bool = False,
+            warnings: bool | Literal["none", "warn", "error"] = True,
+            context: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+            serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+        ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+            """Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.4/concepts/serialization/#modelmodel_dump
+
+            Generate a dictionary representation of the model, optionally specifying which fields to include or exclude.
+
+            Args:
+                mode: The mode in which `to_python` should run.
+                    If mode is 'json', the dictionary will only contain JSON serializable types.
+                    If mode is 'python', the dictionary may contain any Python objects.
+                include: A list of fields to include in the output.
+                exclude: A list of fields to exclude from the output.
+                by_alias: Whether to use the field's alias in the dictionary key if defined.
+                exclude_unset: Whether to exclude fields that are unset or None from the output.
+                exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields that are set to their default value from the output.
+                exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None` from the output.
+                round_trip: Whether to enable serialization and deserialization round-trip support.
+                warnings: Whether to log warnings when invalid fields are encountered.
+
+            Returns:
+                A dictionary representation of the model.
+            """
+            if mode not in {"json", "python"}:
+                raise ValueError("mode must be either 'json' or 'python'")
+            if round_trip != False:
+                raise ValueError("round_trip is only supported in Pydantic v2")
+            if warnings != True:
+                raise ValueError("warnings is only supported in Pydantic v2")
+            if context is not None:
+                raise ValueError("context is only supported in Pydantic v2")
+            if serialize_as_any != False:
+                raise ValueError("serialize_as_any is only supported in Pydantic v2")
+            dumped = super().dict(  # pyright: ignore[reportDeprecated]
+                include=include,
+                exclude=exclude,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            )
+
+            return cast(dict[str, Any], json_safe(dumped)) if mode == "json" else dumped
+
+        @override
+        def model_dump_json(
+            self,
+            *,
+            indent: int | None = None,
+            include: IncEx | None = None,
+            exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+            by_alias: bool = False,
+            exclude_unset: bool = False,
+            exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+            exclude_none: bool = False,
+            round_trip: bool = False,
+            warnings: bool | Literal["none", "warn", "error"] = True,
+            context: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+            serialize_as_any: bool = False,
+        ) -> str:
+            """Usage docs: https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.4/concepts/serialization/#modelmodel_dump_json
+
+            Generates a JSON representation of the model using Pydantic's `to_json` method.
+
+            Args:
+                indent: Indentation to use in the JSON output. If None is passed, the output will be compact.
+                include: Field(s) to include in the JSON output. Can take either a string or set of strings.
+                exclude: Field(s) to exclude from the JSON output. Can take either a string or set of strings.
+                by_alias: Whether to serialize using field aliases.
+                exclude_unset: Whether to exclude fields that have not been explicitly set.
+                exclude_defaults: Whether to exclude fields that have the default value.
+                exclude_none: Whether to exclude fields that have a value of `None`.
+                round_trip: Whether to use serialization/deserialization between JSON and class instance.
+                warnings: Whether to show any warnings that occurred during serialization.
+
+            Returns:
+                A JSON string representation of the model.
+            """
+            if round_trip != False:
+                raise ValueError("round_trip is only supported in Pydantic v2")
+            if warnings != True:
+                raise ValueError("warnings is only supported in Pydantic v2")
+            if context is not None:
+                raise ValueError("context is only supported in Pydantic v2")
+            if serialize_as_any != False:
+                raise ValueError("serialize_as_any is only supported in Pydantic v2")
+            return super().json(  # type: ignore[reportDeprecated]
+                indent=indent,
+                include=include,
+                exclude=exclude,
+                by_alias=by_alias,
+                exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+                exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+                exclude_none=exclude_none,
+            )
+
+
+def _construct_field(value: object, field: FieldInfo, key: str) -> object:
+    if value is None:
+        return field_get_default(field)
+
+    if PYDANTIC_V2:
+        type_ = field.annotation
+    else:
+        type_ = cast(type, field.outer_type_)  # type: ignore
+
+    if type_ is None:
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Unexpected field type is None for {key}")
+
+    return construct_type(value=value, type_=type_, metadata=getattr(field, "metadata", None))
+
+
+def _get_extra_fields_type(cls: type[pydantic.BaseModel]) -> type | None:
+    if not PYDANTIC_V2:
+        # TODO
+        return None
+
+    schema = cls.__pydantic_core_schema__
+    if schema["type"] == "model":
+        fields = schema["schema"]
+        if fields["type"] == "model-fields":
+            extras = fields.get("extras_schema")
+            if extras and "cls" in extras:
+                # mypy can't narrow the type
+                return extras["cls"]  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+
+    return None
+
+
+def is_basemodel(type_: type) -> bool:
+    """Returns whether or not the given type is either a `BaseModel` or a union of `BaseModel`"""
+    if is_union(type_):
+        for variant in get_args(type_):
+            if is_basemodel(variant):
+                return True
+
+        return False
+
+    return is_basemodel_type(type_)
+
+
+def is_basemodel_type(type_: type) -> TypeGuard[type[BaseModel] | type[GenericModel]]:
+    origin = get_origin(type_) or type_
+    if not inspect.isclass(origin):
+        return False
+    return issubclass(origin, BaseModel) or issubclass(origin, GenericModel)
+
+
+def build(
+    base_model_cls: Callable[P, _BaseModelT],
+    *args: P.args,
+    **kwargs: P.kwargs,
+) -> _BaseModelT:
+    """Construct a BaseModel class without validation.
+
+    This is useful for cases where you need to instantiate a `BaseModel`
+    from an API response as this provides type-safe params which isn't supported
+    by helpers like `construct_type()`.
+
+    ```py
+    build(MyModel, my_field_a="foo", my_field_b=123)
+    ```
+    """
+    if args:
+        raise TypeError(
+            "Received positional arguments which are not supported; Keyword arguments must be used instead",
+        )
+
+    return cast(_BaseModelT, construct_type(type_=base_model_cls, value=kwargs))
+
+
+def construct_type_unchecked(*, value: object, type_: type[_T]) -> _T:
+    """Loose coercion to the expected type with construction of nested values.
+
+    Note: the returned value from this function is not guaranteed to match the
+    given type.
+    """
+    return cast(_T, construct_type(value=value, type_=type_))
+
+
+def construct_type(*, value: object, type_: object, metadata: Optional[List[Any]] = None) -> object:
+    """Loose coercion to the expected type with construction of nested values.
+
+    If the given value does not match the expected type then it is returned as-is.
+    """
+
+    # store a reference to the original type we were given before we extract any inner
+    # types so that we can properly resolve forward references in `TypeAliasType` annotations
+    original_type = None
+
+    # we allow `object` as the input type because otherwise, passing things like
+    # `Literal['value']` will be reported as a type error by type checkers
+    type_ = cast("type[object]", type_)
+    if is_type_alias_type(type_):
+        original_type = type_  # type: ignore[unreachable]
+        type_ = type_.__value__  # type: ignore[unreachable]
+
+    # unwrap `Annotated[T, ...]` -> `T`
+    if metadata is not None and len(metadata) > 0:
+        meta: tuple[Any, ...] = tuple(metadata)
+    elif is_annotated_type(type_):
+        meta = get_args(type_)[1:]
+        type_ = extract_type_arg(type_, 0)
+    else:
+        meta = tuple()
+
+    # we need to use the origin class for any types that are subscripted generics
+    # e.g. Dict[str, object]
+    origin = get_origin(type_) or type_
+    args = get_args(type_)
+
+    if is_union(origin):
+        try:
+            return validate_type(type_=cast("type[object]", original_type or type_), value=value)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+        # if the type is a discriminated union then we want to construct the right variant
+        # in the union, even if the data doesn't match exactly, otherwise we'd break code
+        # that relies on the constructed class types, e.g.
+        #
+        # class FooType:
+        #   kind: Literal['foo']
+        #   value: str
+        #
+        # class BarType:
+        #   kind: Literal['bar']
+        #   value: int
+        #
+        # without this block, if the data we get is something like `{'kind': 'bar', 'value': 'foo'}` then
+        # we'd end up constructing `FooType` when it should be `BarType`.
+        discriminator = _build_discriminated_union_meta(union=type_, meta_annotations=meta)
+        if discriminator and is_mapping(value):
+            variant_value = value.get(discriminator.field_alias_from or discriminator.field_name)
+            if variant_value and isinstance(variant_value, str):
+                variant_type = discriminator.mapping.get(variant_value)
+                if variant_type:
+                    return construct_type(type_=variant_type, value=value)
+
+        # if the data is not valid, use the first variant that doesn't fail while deserializing
+        for variant in args:
+            try:
+                return construct_type(value=value, type_=variant)
+            except Exception:
+                continue
+
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Could not convert data into a valid instance of {type_}")
+
+    if origin == dict:
+        if not is_mapping(value):
+            return value
+
+        _, items_type = get_args(type_)  # Dict[_, items_type]
+        return {key: construct_type(value=item, type_=items_type) for key, item in value.items()}
+
+    if (
+        not is_literal_type(type_)
+        and inspect.isclass(origin)
+        and (issubclass(origin, BaseModel) or issubclass(origin, GenericModel))
+    ):
+        if is_list(value):
+            return [cast(Any, type_).construct(**entry) if is_mapping(entry) else entry for entry in value]
+
+        if is_mapping(value):
+            if issubclass(type_, BaseModel):
+                return type_.construct(**value)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+            return cast(Any, type_).construct(**value)
+
+    if origin == list:
+        if not is_list(value):
+            return value
+
+        inner_type = args[0]  # List[inner_type]
+        return [construct_type(value=entry, type_=inner_type) for entry in value]
+
+    if origin == float:
+        if isinstance(value, int):
+            coerced = float(value)
+            if coerced != value:
+                return value
+            return coerced
+
+        return value
+
+    if type_ == datetime:
+        try:
+            return parse_datetime(value)  # type: ignore
+        except Exception:
+            return value
+
+    if type_ == date:
+        try:
+            return parse_date(value)  # type: ignore
+        except Exception:
+            return value
+
+    return value
+
+
+@runtime_checkable
+class CachedDiscriminatorType(Protocol):
+    __discriminator__: DiscriminatorDetails
+
+
+class DiscriminatorDetails:
+    field_name: str
+    """The name of the discriminator field in the variant class, e.g.
+
+    ```py
+    class Foo(BaseModel):
+        type: Literal['foo']
+    ```
+
+    Will result in field_name='type'
+    """
+
+    field_alias_from: str | None
+    """The name of the discriminator field in the API response, e.g.
+
+    ```py
+    class Foo(BaseModel):
+        type: Literal['foo'] = Field(alias='type_from_api')
+    ```
+
+    Will result in field_alias_from='type_from_api'
+    """
+
+    mapping: dict[str, type]
+    """Mapping of discriminator value to variant type, e.g.
+
+    {'foo': FooVariant, 'bar': BarVariant}
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        mapping: dict[str, type],
+        discriminator_field: str,
+        discriminator_alias: str | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.mapping = mapping
+        self.field_name = discriminator_field
+        self.field_alias_from = discriminator_alias
+
+
+def _build_discriminated_union_meta(*, union: type, meta_annotations: tuple[Any, ...]) -> DiscriminatorDetails | None:
+    if isinstance(union, CachedDiscriminatorType):
+        return union.__discriminator__
+
+    discriminator_field_name: str | None = None
+
+    for annotation in meta_annotations:
+        if isinstance(annotation, PropertyInfo) and annotation.discriminator is not None:
+            discriminator_field_name = annotation.discriminator
+            break
+
+    if not discriminator_field_name:
+        return None
+
+    mapping: dict[str, type] = {}
+    discriminator_alias: str | None = None
+
+    for variant in get_args(union):
+        variant = strip_annotated_type(variant)
+        if is_basemodel_type(variant):
+            if PYDANTIC_V2:
+                field = _extract_field_schema_pv2(variant, discriminator_field_name)
+                if not field:
+                    continue
+
+                # Note: if one variant defines an alias then they all should
+                discriminator_alias = field.get("serialization_alias")
+
+                field_schema = field["schema"]
+
+                if field_schema["type"] == "literal":
+                    for entry in cast("LiteralSchema", field_schema)["expected"]:
+                        if isinstance(entry, str):
+                            mapping[entry] = variant
+            else:
+                field_info = cast("dict[str, FieldInfo]", variant.__fields__).get(discriminator_field_name)  # pyright: ignore[reportDeprecated, reportUnnecessaryCast]
+                if not field_info:
+                    continue
+
+                # Note: if one variant defines an alias then they all should
+                discriminator_alias = field_info.alias
+
+                if (annotation := getattr(field_info, "annotation", None)) and is_literal_type(annotation):
+                    for entry in get_args(annotation):
+                        if isinstance(entry, str):
+                            mapping[entry] = variant
+
+    if not mapping:
+        return None
+
+    details = DiscriminatorDetails(
+        mapping=mapping,
+        discriminator_field=discriminator_field_name,
+        discriminator_alias=discriminator_alias,
+    )
+    cast(CachedDiscriminatorType, union).__discriminator__ = details
+    return details
+
+
+def _extract_field_schema_pv2(model: type[BaseModel], field_name: str) -> ModelField | None:
+    schema = model.__pydantic_core_schema__
+    if schema["type"] == "definitions":
+        schema = schema["schema"]
+
+    if schema["type"] != "model":
+        return None
+
+    schema = cast("ModelSchema", schema)
+    fields_schema = schema["schema"]
+    if fields_schema["type"] != "model-fields":
+        return None
+
+    fields_schema = cast("ModelFieldsSchema", fields_schema)
+    field = fields_schema["fields"].get(field_name)
+    if not field:
+        return None
+
+    return cast("ModelField", field)  # pyright: ignore[reportUnnecessaryCast]
+
+
+def validate_type(*, type_: type[_T], value: object) -> _T:
+    """Strict validation that the given value matches the expected type"""
+    if inspect.isclass(type_) and issubclass(type_, pydantic.BaseModel):
+        return cast(_T, parse_obj(type_, value))
+
+    return cast(_T, _validate_non_model_type(type_=type_, value=value))
+
+
+def set_pydantic_config(typ: Any, config: pydantic.ConfigDict) -> None:
+    """Add a pydantic config for the given type.
+
+    Note: this is a no-op on Pydantic v1.
+    """
+    setattr(typ, "__pydantic_config__", config)  # noqa: B010
+
+
+# our use of subclassing here causes weirdness for type checkers,
+# so we just pretend that we don't subclass
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    GenericModel = BaseModel
+else:
+
+    class GenericModel(BaseGenericModel, BaseModel):
+        pass
+
+
+if PYDANTIC_V2:
+    from pydantic import TypeAdapter as _TypeAdapter
+
+    _CachedTypeAdapter = cast("TypeAdapter[object]", lru_cache(maxsize=None)(_TypeAdapter))
+
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        from pydantic import TypeAdapter
+    else:
+        TypeAdapter = _CachedTypeAdapter
+
+    def _validate_non_model_type(*, type_: type[_T], value: object) -> _T:
+        return TypeAdapter(type_).validate_python(value)
+
+elif not TYPE_CHECKING:  # TODO: condition is weird
+
+    class RootModel(GenericModel, Generic[_T]):
+        """Used as a placeholder to easily convert runtime types to a Pydantic format
+        to provide validation.
+
+        For example:
+        ```py
+        validated = RootModel[int](__root__="5").__root__
+        # validated: 5
+        ```
+        """
+
+        __root__: _T
+
+    def _validate_non_model_type(*, type_: type[_T], value: object) -> _T:
+        model = _create_pydantic_model(type_).validate(value)
+        return cast(_T, model.__root__)
+
+    def _create_pydantic_model(type_: _T) -> Type[RootModel[_T]]:
+        return RootModel[type_]  # type: ignore
+
+
+class FinalRequestOptionsInput(TypedDict, total=False):
+    method: Required[str]
+    url: Required[str]
+    params: Query
+    headers: Headers
+    max_retries: int
+    timeout: float | Timeout | None
+    files: HttpxRequestFiles | None
+    idempotency_key: str
+    json_data: Body
+    extra_json: AnyMapping
+    follow_redirects: bool
+
+
+@final
+class FinalRequestOptions(pydantic.BaseModel):
+    method: str
+    url: str
+    params: Query = {}
+    headers: Union[Headers, NotGiven] = NotGiven()
+    max_retries: Union[int, NotGiven] = NotGiven()
+    timeout: Union[float, Timeout, None, NotGiven] = NotGiven()
+    files: Union[HttpxRequestFiles, None] = None
+    idempotency_key: Union[str, None] = None
+    post_parser: Union[Callable[[Any], Any], NotGiven] = NotGiven()
+    follow_redirects: Union[bool, None] = None
+
+    # It should be noted that we cannot use `json` here as that would override
+    # a BaseModel method in an incompatible fashion.
+    json_data: Union[Body, None] = None
+    extra_json: Union[AnyMapping, None] = None
+
+    if PYDANTIC_V2:
+        model_config: ClassVar[ConfigDict] = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
+    else:
+
+        class Config(pydantic.BaseConfig):  # pyright: ignore[reportDeprecated]
+            arbitrary_types_allowed: bool = True
+
+    def get_max_retries(self, max_retries: int) -> int:
+        if isinstance(self.max_retries, NotGiven):
+            return max_retries
+        return self.max_retries
+
+    def _strip_raw_response_header(self) -> None:
+        if not is_given(self.headers):
+            return
+
+        if self.headers.get(RAW_RESPONSE_HEADER):
+            self.headers = {**self.headers}
+            self.headers.pop(RAW_RESPONSE_HEADER)
+
+    # override the `construct` method so that we can run custom transformations.
+    # this is necessary as we don't want to do any actual runtime type checking
+    # (which means we can't use validators) but we do want to ensure that `NotGiven`
+    # values are not present
+    #
+    # type ignore required because we're adding explicit types to `**values`
+    @classmethod
+    def construct(  # type: ignore
+        cls,
+        _fields_set: set[str] | None = None,
+        **values: Unpack[FinalRequestOptionsInput],
+    ) -> FinalRequestOptions:
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {
+            # we unconditionally call `strip_not_given` on any value
+            # as it will just ignore any non-mapping types
+            key: strip_not_given(value)
+            for key, value in values.items()
+        }
+        if PYDANTIC_V2:
+            return super().model_construct(_fields_set, **kwargs)
+        return cast(FinalRequestOptions, super().construct(_fields_set, **kwargs))  # pyright: ignore[reportDeprecated]
+
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        # type checkers incorrectly complain about this assignment
+        model_construct = construct