ccxt 4.2.76__py2.py3-none-any.whl → 4.4.48__py2.py3-none-any.whl

ccxt/base/exchange.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-__version__ = '4.2.76'
+__version__ = '4.4.48'
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ from ccxt.base.errors import NullResponse
 from ccxt.base.errors import RateLimitExceeded
 from ccxt.base.errors import BadRequest
 from ccxt.base.errors import BadResponse
-from ccxt.base.errors import ProxyError
+from ccxt.base.errors import InvalidProxySettings
+from ccxt.base.errors import UnsubscribeError
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -31,14 +32,15 @@ from ccxt.base.decimal_to_precision import decimal_to_precision
 from ccxt.base.decimal_to_precision import DECIMAL_PLACES, TICK_SIZE, NO_PADDING, TRUNCATE, ROUND, ROUND_UP, ROUND_DOWN, SIGNIFICANT_DIGITS
 from ccxt.base.decimal_to_precision import number_to_string
 from ccxt.base.precise import Precise
-from ccxt.base.types import BalanceAccount, Currency, IndexType, OrderSide, OrderType, Trade, OrderRequest, Market, MarketType, Str, Num
+from ccxt.base.types import BalanceAccount, Currency, IndexType, OrderSide, OrderType, Trade, OrderRequest, Market, MarketType, Str, Num, Strings, CancellationRequest, Bool
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # rsa jwt signing
 from cryptography.hazmat import backends
 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
-from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import padding
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import padding, ed25519
+# from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.utils import decode_dss_signature
 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization import load_pem_private_key
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -58,6 +60,12 @@ from ccxt.static_dependencies.ethereum import abi
 from ccxt.static_dependencies.ethereum import account
 from ccxt.static_dependencies.msgpack import packb
 
+# starknet
+from ccxt.static_dependencies.starknet.ccxt_utils import get_private_key_from_eth_signature
+from ccxt.static_dependencies.starknet.hash.address import compute_address
+from ccxt.static_dependencies.starknet.hash.selector import get_selector_from_name
+from ccxt.static_dependencies.starknet.hash.utils import message_signature, private_to_stark_key
+from ccxt.static_dependencies.starknet.utils.typed_data import TypedData as TypedDataDataclass
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -80,6 +88,14 @@ import gzip
 import hashlib
 import hmac
 import io
+
+# load orjson if available, otherwise default to json
+orjson = None
+try:
+    import orjson as orjson
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
 import json
 import math
 import random
@@ -103,11 +119,20 @@ from ccxt.base.types import Int
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+class SafeJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
+    def default(self, obj):
+        if isinstance(obj, Exception):
+            return {"name": obj.__class__.__name__}
+        try:
+            return super().default(obj)
+        except TypeError:
+            return f"TypeError: Object of type {type(obj).__name__} is not JSON serializable"
 
 class Exchange(object):
     """Base exchange class"""
     id = None
     name = None
+    countries = None
     version = None
     certified = False  # if certified by the CCXT dev team
     pro = False  # if it is integrated with CCXT Pro for WebSocket support
@@ -123,6 +148,8 @@ class Exchange(object):
     aiohttp_trust_env = False
     requests_trust_env = False
     session = None  # Session () by default
+    tcp_connector = None  # aiohttp.TCPConnector
+    aiohttp_socks_connector = None
     socks_proxy_sessions = None
     verify = True  # SSL verification
     validateServerSsl = True
@@ -132,12 +159,18 @@ class Exchange(object):
     markets = None
     symbols = None
     codes = None
-    timeframes = None
+    timeframes = {}
+
     fees = {
         'trading': {
-            'percentage': True,  # subclasses should rarely have to redefine this
+            'tierBased': None,
+            'percentage': None,
+            'taker': None,
+            'maker': None,
         },
         'funding': {
+            'tierBased': None,
+            'percentage': None,
             'withdraw': {},
             'deposit': {},
         },
@@ -198,12 +231,14 @@ class Exchange(object):
     secret = ''
     password = ''
     uid = ''
+    accountId = None
     privateKey = ''  # a "0x"-prefixed hexstring private key for a wallet
     walletAddress = ''  # the wallet address "0x"-prefixed hexstring
     token = ''  # reserved for HTTP auth in some cases
     twofa = None
     markets_by_id = None
     currencies_by_id = None
+
     precision = None
     exceptions = None
     limits = {
@@ -224,6 +259,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
             'max': None,
         },
     }
+
     httpExceptions = {
         '422': ExchangeError,
         '418': DDoSProtection,
@@ -252,26 +288,33 @@ class Exchange(object):
         '511': AuthenticationError,
     }
     balance = None
+    liquidations = None
     orderbooks = None
     orders = None
     triggerOrders = None
+    myLiquidations = None
     myTrades = None
     trades = None
     transactions = None
     ohlcvs = None
     tickers = None
+    fundingRates = None
     bidsasks = None
     base_currencies = None
     quote_currencies = None
     currencies = None
     options = None  # Python does not allow to define properties in run-time with setattr
+    isSandboxModeEnabled = False
     accounts = None
     positions = None
 
+    status = None
+
     requiredCredentials = {
         'apiKey': True,
         'secret': True,
         'uid': False,
+        'accountId': False,
         'login': False,
         'password': False,
         'twofa': False,  # 2-factor authentication (one-time password key)
@@ -281,107 +324,8 @@ class Exchange(object):
     }
 
     # API method metainfo
-    has = {
-        'publicAPI': True,
-        'privateAPI': True,
-        'CORS': None,
-        'spot': None,
-        'margin': None,
-        'swap': None,
-        'future': None,
-        'option': None,
-        'addMargin': None,
-        'cancelAllOrders': None,
-        'cancelOrder': True,
-        'cancelOrders': None,
-        'createDepositAddress': None,
-        'createLimitOrder': True,
-        'createMarketOrder': True,
-        'createOrder': True,
-        'createPostOnlyOrder': None,
-        'createReduceOnlyOrder': None,
-        'createStopOrder': None,
-        'createStopLimitOrder': None,
-        'createStopMarketOrder': None,
-        'editOrder': 'emulated',
-        'fetchAccounts': None,
-        'fetchBalance': True,
-        'fetchBidsAsks': None,
-        'fetchBorrowInterest': None,
-        'fetchBorrowRate': None,
-        'fetchBorrowRateHistory': None,
-        'fetchBorrowRatesPerSymbol': None,
-        'fetchBorrowRates': None,
-        'fetchCanceledOrders': None,
-        'fetchClosedOrder': None,
-        'fetchClosedOrders': None,
-        'fetchCurrencies': 'emulated',
-        'fetchDeposit': None,
-        'fetchDepositAddress': None,
-        'fetchDepositAddresses': None,
-        'fetchDepositAddressesByNetwork': None,
-        'fetchDeposits': None,
-        'fetchFundingFee': None,
-        'fetchFundingFees': None,
-        'fetchFundingHistory': None,
-        'fetchFundingRate': None,
-        'fetchFundingRateHistory': None,
-        'fetchFundingRates': None,
-        'fetchIndexOHLCV': None,
-        'fetchLastPrices': None,
-        'fetchL2OrderBook': True,
-        'fetchLedger': None,
-        'fetchLedgerEntry': None,
-        'fetchLeverageTiers': None,
-        'fetchMarketLeverageTiers': None,
-        'fetchMarkets': True,
-        'fetchMarkOHLCV': None,
-        'fetchMyTrades': None,
-        'fetchOHLCV': None,
-        'fetchOpenOrder': None,
-        'fetchOpenOrders': None,
-        'fetchOrder': None,
-        'fetchOrderBook': True,
-        'fetchOrderBooks': None,
-        'fetchOrders': None,
-        'fetchOrderTrades': None,
-        'fetchPermissions': None,
-        'fetchPosition': None,
-        'fetchPositions': None,
-        'fetchPositionsRisk': None,
-        'fetchPremiumIndexOHLCV': None,
-        'fetchStatus': None,
-        'fetchTicker': True,
-        'fetchTickers': None,
-        'fetchTime': None,
-        'fetchTrades': True,
-        'fetchTradingFee': None,
-        'fetchTradingFees': None,
-        'fetchTradingLimits': None,
-        'fetchTransactions': None,
-        'fetchTransfers': None,
-        'fetchWithdrawal': None,
-        'fetchWithdrawals': None,
-        'reduceMargin': None,
-        'setLeverage': None,
-        'setMargin': None,
-        'setMarginMode': None,
-        'setPositionMode': None,
-        'signIn': None,
-        'transfer': None,
-        'withdraw': None,
-        'watchOrderBook': None,
-        'watchOrders': None,
-        'watchMyTrades': None,
-        'watchTickers': None,
-        'watchTicker': None,
-        'watchTrades': None,
-        'watchTradesForSymbols': None,
-        'watchOrderBookForSymbols': None,
-        'watchOHLCVForSymbols': None,
-        'watchBalance': None,
-        'watchOHLCV': None,
-    }
+    has = {}
+    features = {}
     precisionMode = DECIMAL_PLACES
     paddingMode = NO_PADDING
     minFundingAddressLength = 1  # used in check_address
@@ -399,7 +343,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
     rateLimitMaxTokens = 16
     rateLimitUpdateTime = 0
     enableLastHttpResponse = True
-    enableLastJsonResponse = True
+    enableLastJsonResponse = False
     enableLastResponseHeaders = True
     last_http_response = None
     last_json_response = None
@@ -431,11 +375,14 @@ class Exchange(object):
         self.headers = dict() if self.headers is None else self.headers
         self.balance = dict() if self.balance is None else self.balance
         self.orderbooks = dict() if self.orderbooks is None else self.orderbooks
+        self.fundingRates = dict() if self.fundingRates is None else self.fundingRates
         self.tickers = dict() if self.tickers is None else self.tickers
         self.bidsasks = dict() if self.bidsasks is None else self.bidsasks
         self.trades = dict() if self.trades is None else self.trades
         self.transactions = dict() if self.transactions is None else self.transactions
         self.ohlcvs = dict() if self.ohlcvs is None else self.ohlcvs
+        self.liquidations = dict() if self.liquidations is None else self.liquidations
+        self.myLiquidations = dict() if self.myLiquidations is None else self.myLiquidations
         self.currencies = dict() if self.currencies is None else self.currencies
         self.options = self.get_default_options() if self.options is None else self.options  # Python does not allow to define properties in run-time with setattr
         self.decimal_to_precision = decimal_to_precision
@@ -462,6 +409,10 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
         self.after_construct()
 
+        is_sandbox = self.safe_bool_2(self.options, 'sandbox', 'testnet', False)
+        if is_sandbox:
+            self.set_sandbox_mode(is_sandbox)
+
         # convert all properties from underscore notation foo_bar to camelcase notation fooBar
         cls = type(self)
         for name in dir(self):
@@ -505,9 +456,6 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def __str__(self):
         return self.name
 
-    def describe(self):
-        return {}
-
     def throttle(self, cost=None):
         now = float(self.milliseconds())
         elapsed = now - self.lastRestRequestTimestamp
@@ -548,9 +496,11 @@ class Exchange(object):
         return response_body.strip()
 
     def on_json_response(self, response_body):
-        if self.quoteJsonNumbers:
+        if self.quoteJsonNumbers and orjson is None:
             return json.loads(response_body, parse_float=str, parse_int=str)
         else:
+            if orjson:
+                return orjson.loads(response_body)
             return json.loads(response_body)
 
     def fetch(self, url, method='GET', headers=None, body=None):
@@ -886,11 +836,13 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     @staticmethod
     def get_object_value_from_key_list(dictionary_or_list, key_list):
+        isDataArray = isinstance(dictionary_or_list, list)
+        isDataDict = isinstance(dictionary_or_list, dict)
         for key in key_list:
-            if isinstance(key, str):
+            if isDataDict:
                 if key in dictionary_or_list and dictionary_or_list[key] is not None and dictionary_or_list[key] != '':
                     return dictionary_or_list[key]
-            elif key is not None:
+            elif isDataArray and not isinstance(key, str):
                 if (key < len(dictionary_or_list)) and (dictionary_or_list[key] is not None) and (dictionary_or_list[key] != ''):
                     return dictionary_or_list[key]
         return None
@@ -1080,7 +1032,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
         if isinstance(params, dict):
             for key in params:
                 _encode_params(params[key], key)
-        return _urlencode.urlencode(result)
+        return _urlencode.urlencode(result, quote_via=_urlencode.quote)
 
     @staticmethod
     def rawencode(params={}):
@@ -1171,7 +1123,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
             return None
 
         try:
-            utc = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp // 1000)
+            utc = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp // 1000, datetime.timezone.utc)
             return utc.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f')[:-6] + "{:03d}".format(int(timestamp) % 1000) + 'Z'
         except (TypeError, OverflowError, OSError):
             return None
@@ -1187,13 +1139,13 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     @staticmethod
     def dmy(timestamp, infix='-'):
-        utc_datetime = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(int(round(timestamp / 1000)))
+        utc_datetime = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(int(round(timestamp / 1000)), datetime.timezone.utc)
         return utc_datetime.strftime('%m' + infix + '%d' + infix + '%Y')
 
     @staticmethod
     def ymd(timestamp, infix='-', fullYear=True):
         year_format = '%Y' if fullYear else '%y'
-        utc_datetime = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(int(round(timestamp / 1000)))
+        utc_datetime = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(int(round(timestamp / 1000)), datetime.timezone.utc)
         return utc_datetime.strftime(year_format + infix + '%m' + infix + '%d')
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -1206,7 +1158,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     @staticmethod
     def ymdhms(timestamp, infix=' '):
-        utc_datetime = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(int(round(timestamp / 1000)))
+        utc_datetime = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(int(round(timestamp / 1000)), datetime.timezone.utc)
         return utc_datetime.strftime('%Y-%m-%d' + infix + '%H:%M:%S')
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -1217,7 +1169,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
             return None
         if 'GMT' in timestamp:
             try:
-                string = ''.join([str(value) for value in parsedate(timestamp)[:6]]) + '.000Z'
+                string = ''.join([str(value).zfill(2) for value in parsedate(timestamp)[:6]]) + '.000Z'
                 dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(string, "%Y%m%d%H%M%S.%fZ")
                 return calendar.timegm(dt.utctimetuple()) * 1000
             except (TypeError, OverflowError, OSError):
@@ -1296,7 +1248,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
         return result
 
     @staticmethod
-    def base64urlencode(s):
+    def urlencode_base64(s):
         return Exchange.decode(base64.urlsafe_b64encode(s)).replace('=', '')
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -1316,25 +1268,36 @@ class Exchange(object):
         return Exchange.decode(base64.b64decode(s))
 
     @staticmethod
-    def jwt(request, secret, algorithm='sha256', is_rsa=False):
+    def jwt(request, secret, algorithm='sha256', is_rsa=False, opts={}):
         algos = {
             'sha256': hashlib.sha256,
             'sha384': hashlib.sha384,
             'sha512': hashlib.sha512,
         }
         alg = ('RS' if is_rsa else 'HS') + algorithm[3:]
-        header = Exchange.encode(Exchange.json({
+        if 'alg' in opts and opts['alg'] is not None:
+            alg = opts['alg']
+        header_opts = {
             'alg': alg,
             'typ': 'JWT',
-        }))
-        encoded_header = Exchange.base64urlencode(header)
-        encoded_data = Exchange.base64urlencode(Exchange.encode(Exchange.json(request)))
+        }
+        if 'kid' in opts and opts['kid'] is not None:
+            header_opts['kid'] = opts['kid']
+        if 'nonce' in opts and opts['nonce'] is not None:
+            header_opts['nonce'] = opts['nonce']
+        header = Exchange.encode(Exchange.json(header_opts))
+        encoded_header = Exchange.urlencode_base64(header)
+        encoded_data = Exchange.urlencode_base64(Exchange.encode(Exchange.json(request)))
         token = encoded_header + '.' + encoded_data
-        if is_rsa:
+        algoType = alg[0:2]
+        if is_rsa or algoType == 'RS':
             signature = Exchange.base64_to_binary(Exchange.rsa(token, Exchange.decode(secret), algorithm))
+        elif algoType == 'ES':
+            rawSignature = Exchange.ecdsa(token, secret, 'p256', algorithm)
+            signature = Exchange.base16_to_binary(rawSignature['r'].rjust(64, "0") + rawSignature['s'].rjust(64, "0"))
         else:
             signature = Exchange.hmac(Exchange.encode(token), secret, algos[algorithm], 'binary')
-        return token + '.' + Exchange.base64urlencode(signature)
+        return token + '.' + Exchange.urlencode_base64(signature)
 
     @staticmethod
     def rsa(request, secret, alg='sha256'):
@@ -1356,6 +1319,57 @@ class Exchange(object):
         encodedData = account.messages.encode_typed_data(domain, messageTypes, message)
         return Exchange.binary_concat(b"\x19\x01", encodedData.header, encodedData.body)
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def retrieve_stark_account (signature, accountClassHash, accountProxyClassHash):
+        privateKey = get_private_key_from_eth_signature(signature)
+        publicKey = private_to_stark_key(privateKey)
+        calldata = [
+            int(accountClassHash, 16),
+            get_selector_from_name("initialize"),
+            2,
+            publicKey,
+            0,
+        ]
+
+        address = compute_address(
+            class_hash=int(accountProxyClassHash, 16),
+            constructor_calldata=calldata,
+            salt=publicKey,
+        )
+        return {
+            'privateKey': privateKey,
+            'publicKey': publicKey,
+            'address': hex(address)
+        }
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def starknet_encode_structured_data (domain, messageTypes, messageData, address):
+        types = list(messageTypes.keys())
+        if len(types) > 1:
+            raise NotSupported('starknetEncodeStructuredData only support single type')
+
+        request = {
+            'domain': domain,
+            'primaryType': types[0],
+            'types': Exchange.extend({
+                'StarkNetDomain': [
+                    {'name': "name", 'type': "felt"},
+                    {'name': "chainId", 'type': "felt"},
+                    {'name': "version", 'type': "felt"},
+                ],
+            }, messageTypes),
+            'message': messageData,
+        }
+        typedDataClass = TypedDataDataclass.from_dict(request)
+        msgHash = typedDataClass.message_hash(int(address, 16))
+        return msgHash
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def starknet_sign (hash, pri):
+        # // TODO: unify to ecdsa
+        r, s = message_signature(hash, pri)
+        return Exchange.json([hex(r), hex(s)])
+
     @staticmethod
     def packb(o):
         return packb(o)
@@ -1364,6 +1378,10 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def int_to_base16(num):
         return "%0.2X" % num
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def random_bytes(length):
+        return format(random.getrandbits(length * 8), 'x')
+
     @staticmethod
     def ecdsa(request, secret, algorithm='p256', hash=None, fixed_length=False):
         # your welcome - frosty00
@@ -1384,7 +1402,12 @@ class Exchange(object):
             digest = Exchange.hash(encoded_request, hash, 'binary')
         else:
             digest = base64.b16decode(encoded_request, casefold=True)
-        key = ecdsa.SigningKey.from_string(base64.b16decode(Exchange.encode(secret),
+        if isinstance(secret, str):
+            secret = Exchange.encode(secret)
+        if secret.find(b'-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----') > -1:
+            key = ecdsa.SigningKey.from_pem(secret, hash_function)
+        else:
+            key = ecdsa.SigningKey.from_string(base64.b16decode(secret,
                                                             casefold=True), curve=curve_info[0])
         r_binary, s_binary, v = key.sign_digest_deterministic(digest, hashfunc=hash_function,
                                                               sigencode=ecdsa.util.sigencode_strings_canonize)
@@ -1407,7 +1430,9 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     @staticmethod
     def eddsa(request, secret, curve='ed25519'):
-        private_key = load_pem_private_key(Exchange.encode(secret), None)
+        if isinstance(secret, str):
+            secret = Exchange.encode(secret)
+        private_key = ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey.from_private_bytes(secret) if len(secret) == 32 else load_pem_private_key(secret, None)
         return Exchange.binary_to_base64(private_key.sign(request))
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -1420,7 +1445,9 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     @staticmethod
     def json(data, params=None):
-        return json.dumps(data, separators=(',', ':'))
+        if orjson:
+            return orjson.dumps(data).decode('utf-8')
+        return json.dumps(data, separators=(',', ':'), cls=SafeJSONEncoder)
 
     @staticmethod
     def is_json_encoded_object(input):
@@ -1465,18 +1492,10 @@ class Exchange(object):
                 return error
         return result
 
-    def check_address(self, address):
-        """Checks an address is not the same character repeated or an empty sequence"""
-        if address is None:
-            raise InvalidAddress(self.id + ' address is None')
-        if all(letter == address[0] for letter in address) or len(address) < self.minFundingAddressLength or ' ' in address:
-            raise InvalidAddress(self.id + ' address is invalid or has less than ' + str(self.minFundingAddressLength) + ' characters: "' + str(address) + '"')
-        return address
-
     def precision_from_string(self, str):
         # support string formats like '1e-4'
-        if 'e' in str:
-            numStr = re.sub(r'\de', '', str)
+        if 'e' in str or 'E' in str:
+            numStr = re.sub(r'\d\.?\d*[eE]', '', str)
             return int(numStr) * -1
         # support integer formats (without dot) like '1', '10' etc [Note: bug in decimalToPrecision, so this should not be used atm]
         # if not ('.' in str):
@@ -1497,13 +1516,6 @@ class Exchange(object):
         markets = self.fetch_markets(params)
         return self.set_markets(markets, currencies)
 
-    def load_fees(self, reload=False):
-        if not reload:
-            if self.loaded_fees != Exchange.loaded_fees:
-                return self.loaded_fees
-        self.loaded_fees = self.deep_extend(self.loaded_fees, self.fetch_fees())
-        return self.loaded_fees
-
     def fetch_markets(self, params={}):
         # markets are returned as a list
         # currencies are returned as a dict
@@ -1659,11 +1671,14 @@ class Exchange(object):
                 return default
 
     def omit_zero(self, string_number):
-        if string_number is None or string_number == '':
-            return None
-        if float(string_number) == 0:
-            return None
-        return string_number
+        try:
+            if string_number is None or string_number == '':
+                return None
+            if float(string_number) == 0:
+                return None
+            return string_number
+        except Exception:
+            return string_number
 
     def check_order_arguments(self, market, type, side, amount, price, params):
         if price is None:
@@ -1703,10 +1718,10 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def string_to_chars_array(self, value):
         return list(value)
 
-    def valueIsDefined(self, value):
+    def value_is_defined(self, value):
         return value is not None
 
-    def arraySlice(self, array, first, second=None):
+    def array_slice(self, array, first, second=None):
         return array[first:second] if second else array[first:]
 
     def get_property(self, obj, property, defaultValue=None):
@@ -1728,6 +1743,15 @@ class Exchange(object):
         modifiedContent = modifiedContent.replace('}"', '}')
         return modifiedContent
 
+    def extend_exchange_options(self, newOptions):
+        self.options = self.extend(self.options, newOptions)
+
+    def create_safe_dictionary(self):
+        return {}
+
+    def rand_number(self, size):
+        return int(''.join([str(random.randint(0, 9)) for _ in range(size)]))
+
     # ########################################################################
     # ########################################################################
     # ########################################################################
@@ -1767,9 +1791,328 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     # METHODS BELOW THIS LINE ARE TRANSPILED FROM JAVASCRIPT TO PYTHON AND PHP
 
+    def describe(self):
+        return {
+            'id': None,
+            'name': None,
+            'countries': None,
+            'enableRateLimit': True,
+            'rateLimit': 2000,  # milliseconds = seconds * 1000
+            'timeout': self.timeout,  # milliseconds = seconds * 1000
+            'certified': False,  # if certified by the CCXT dev team
+            'pro': False,  # if it is integrated with CCXT Pro for WebSocket support
+            'alias': False,  # whether self exchange is an alias to another exchange
+            'dex': False,
+            'has': {
+                'publicAPI': True,
+                'privateAPI': True,
+                'CORS': None,
+                'sandbox': None,
+                'spot': None,
+                'margin': None,
+                'swap': None,
+                'future': None,
+                'option': None,
+                'addMargin': None,
+                'borrowCrossMargin': None,
+                'borrowIsolatedMargin': None,
+                'borrowMargin': None,
+                'cancelAllOrders': None,
+                'cancelAllOrdersWs': None,
+                'cancelOrder': True,
+                'cancelOrderWs': None,
+                'cancelOrders': None,
+                'cancelOrdersWs': None,
+                'closeAllPositions': None,
+                'closePosition': None,
+                'createDepositAddress': None,
+                'createLimitBuyOrder': None,
+                'createLimitBuyOrderWs': None,
+                'createLimitOrder': True,
+                'createLimitOrderWs': None,
+                'createLimitSellOrder': None,
+                'createLimitSellOrderWs': None,
+                'createMarketBuyOrder': None,
+                'createMarketBuyOrderWs': None,
+                'createMarketBuyOrderWithCost': None,
+                'createMarketBuyOrderWithCostWs': None,
+                'createMarketOrder': True,
+                'createMarketOrderWs': True,
+                'createMarketOrderWithCost': None,
+                'createMarketOrderWithCostWs': None,
+                'createMarketSellOrder': None,
+                'createMarketSellOrderWs': None,
+                'createMarketSellOrderWithCost': None,
+                'createMarketSellOrderWithCostWs': None,
+                'createOrder': True,
+                'createOrderWs': None,
+                'createOrders': None,
+                'createOrderWithTakeProfitAndStopLoss': None,
+                'createOrderWithTakeProfitAndStopLossWs': None,
+                'createPostOnlyOrder': None,
+                'createPostOnlyOrderWs': None,
+                'createReduceOnlyOrder': None,
+                'createReduceOnlyOrderWs': None,
+                'createStopLimitOrder': None,
+                'createStopLimitOrderWs': None,
+                'createStopLossOrder': None,
+                'createStopLossOrderWs': None,
+                'createStopMarketOrder': None,
+                'createStopMarketOrderWs': None,
+                'createStopOrder': None,
+                'createStopOrderWs': None,
+                'createTakeProfitOrder': None,
+                'createTakeProfitOrderWs': None,
+                'createTrailingAmountOrder': None,
+                'createTrailingAmountOrderWs': None,
+                'createTrailingPercentOrder': None,
+                'createTrailingPercentOrderWs': None,
+                'createTriggerOrder': None,
+                'createTriggerOrderWs': None,
+                'deposit': None,
+                'editOrder': 'emulated',
+                'editOrderWs': None,
+                'fetchAccounts': None,
+                'fetchBalance': True,
+                'fetchBalanceWs': None,
+                'fetchBidsAsks': None,
+                'fetchBorrowInterest': None,
+                'fetchBorrowRate': None,
+                'fetchBorrowRateHistories': None,
+                'fetchBorrowRateHistory': None,
+                'fetchBorrowRates': None,
+                'fetchBorrowRatesPerSymbol': None,
+                'fetchCanceledAndClosedOrders': None,
+                'fetchCanceledOrders': None,
+                'fetchClosedOrder': None,
+                'fetchClosedOrders': None,
+                'fetchClosedOrdersWs': None,
+                'fetchConvertCurrencies': None,
+                'fetchConvertQuote': None,
+                'fetchConvertTrade': None,
+                'fetchConvertTradeHistory': None,
+                'fetchCrossBorrowRate': None,
+                'fetchCrossBorrowRates': None,
+                'fetchCurrencies': 'emulated',
+                'fetchCurrenciesWs': 'emulated',
+                'fetchDeposit': None,
+                'fetchDepositAddress': None,
+                'fetchDepositAddresses': None,
+                'fetchDepositAddressesByNetwork': None,
+                'fetchDeposits': None,
+                'fetchDepositsWithdrawals': None,
+                'fetchDepositsWs': None,
+                'fetchDepositWithdrawFee': None,
+                'fetchDepositWithdrawFees': None,
+                'fetchFundingHistory': None,
+                'fetchFundingRate': None,
+                'fetchFundingRateHistory': None,
+                'fetchFundingInterval': None,
+                'fetchFundingIntervals': None,
+                'fetchFundingRates': None,
+                'fetchGreeks': None,
+                'fetchIndexOHLCV': None,
+                'fetchIsolatedBorrowRate': None,
+                'fetchIsolatedBorrowRates': None,
+                'fetchMarginAdjustmentHistory': None,
+                'fetchIsolatedPositions': None,
+                'fetchL2OrderBook': True,
+                'fetchL3OrderBook': None,
+                'fetchLastPrices': None,
+                'fetchLedger': None,
+                'fetchLedgerEntry': None,
+                'fetchLeverage': None,
+                'fetchLeverages': None,
+                'fetchLeverageTiers': None,
+                'fetchLiquidations': None,
+                'fetchLongShortRatio': None,
+                'fetchLongShortRatioHistory': None,
+                'fetchMarginMode': None,
+                'fetchMarginModes': None,
+                'fetchMarketLeverageTiers': None,
+                'fetchMarkets': True,
+                'fetchMarketsWs': None,
+                'fetchMarkOHLCV': None,
+                'fetchMyLiquidations': None,
+                'fetchMySettlementHistory': None,
+                'fetchMyTrades': None,
+                'fetchMyTradesWs': None,
+                'fetchOHLCV': None,
+                'fetchOHLCVWs': None,
+                'fetchOpenInterest': None,
+                'fetchOpenInterests': None,
+                'fetchOpenInterestHistory': None,
+                'fetchOpenOrder': None,
+                'fetchOpenOrders': None,
+                'fetchOpenOrdersWs': None,
+                'fetchOption': None,
+                'fetchOptionChain': None,
+                'fetchOrder': None,
+                'fetchOrderBook': True,
+                'fetchOrderBooks': None,
+                'fetchOrderBookWs': None,
+                'fetchOrders': None,
+                'fetchOrdersByStatus': None,
+                'fetchOrdersWs': None,
+                'fetchOrderTrades': None,
+                'fetchOrderWs': None,
+                'fetchPosition': None,
+                'fetchPositionHistory': None,
+                'fetchPositionsHistory': None,
+                'fetchPositionWs': None,
+                'fetchPositionMode': None,
+                'fetchPositions': None,
+                'fetchPositionsWs': None,
+                'fetchPositionsForSymbol': None,
+                'fetchPositionsForSymbolWs': None,
+                'fetchPositionsRisk': None,
+                'fetchPremiumIndexOHLCV': None,
+                'fetchSettlementHistory': None,
+                'fetchStatus': None,
+                'fetchTicker': True,
+                'fetchTickerWs': None,
+                'fetchTickers': None,
+                'fetchMarkPrices': None,
+                'fetchTickersWs': None,
+                'fetchTime': None,
+                'fetchTrades': True,
+                'fetchTradesWs': None,
+                'fetchTradingFee': None,
+                'fetchTradingFees': None,
+                'fetchTradingFeesWs': None,
+                'fetchTradingLimits': None,
+                'fetchTransactionFee': None,
+                'fetchTransactionFees': None,
+                'fetchTransactions': None,
+                'fetchTransfer': None,
+                'fetchTransfers': None,
+                'fetchUnderlyingAssets': None,
+                'fetchVolatilityHistory': None,
+                'fetchWithdrawAddresses': None,
+                'fetchWithdrawal': None,
+                'fetchWithdrawals': None,
+                'fetchWithdrawalsWs': None,
+                'fetchWithdrawalWhitelist': None,
+                'reduceMargin': None,
+                'repayCrossMargin': None,
+                'repayIsolatedMargin': None,
+                'setLeverage': None,
+                'setMargin': None,
+                'setMarginMode': None,
+                'setPositionMode': None,
+                'signIn': None,
+                'transfer': None,
+                'watchBalance': None,
+                'watchMyTrades': None,
+                'watchOHLCV': None,
+                'watchOHLCVForSymbols': None,
+                'watchOrderBook': None,
+                'watchOrderBookForSymbols': None,
+                'watchOrders': None,
+                'watchOrdersForSymbols': None,
+                'watchPosition': None,
+                'watchPositions': None,
+                'watchStatus': None,
+                'watchTicker': None,
+                'watchTickers': None,
+                'watchTrades': None,
+                'watchTradesForSymbols': None,
+                'watchLiquidations': None,
+                'watchLiquidationsForSymbols': None,
+                'watchMyLiquidations': None,
+                'watchMyLiquidationsForSymbols': None,
+                'withdraw': None,
+                'ws': None,
+            },
+            'urls': {
+                'logo': None,
+                'api': None,
+                'www': None,
+                'doc': None,
+                'fees': None,
+            },
+            'api': None,
+            'requiredCredentials': {
+                'apiKey': True,
+                'secret': True,
+                'uid': False,
+                'accountId': False,
+                'login': False,
+                'password': False,
+                'twofa': False,  # 2-factor authentication(one-time password key)
+                'privateKey': False,  # a "0x"-prefixed hexstring private key for a wallet
+                'walletAddress': False,  # the wallet address "0x"-prefixed hexstring
+                'token': False,  # reserved for HTTP auth in some cases
+            },
+            'markets': None,  # to be filled manually or by fetchMarkets
+            'currencies': {},  # to be filled manually or by fetchMarkets
+            'timeframes': None,  # redefine if the exchange has.fetchOHLCV
+            'fees': {
+                'trading': {
+                    'tierBased': None,
+                    'percentage': None,
+                    'taker': None,
+                    'maker': None,
+                },
+                'funding': {
+                    'tierBased': None,
+                    'percentage': None,
+                    'withdraw': {},
+                    'deposit': {},
+                },
+            },
+            'status': {
+                'status': 'ok',
+                'updated': None,
+                'eta': None,
+                'url': None,
+            },
+            'exceptions': None,
+            'httpExceptions': {
+                '422': ExchangeError,
+                '418': DDoSProtection,
+                '429': RateLimitExceeded,
+                '404': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                '409': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                '410': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                '451': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                '500': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                '501': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                '502': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                '520': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                '521': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                '522': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                '525': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                '526': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                '400': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                '403': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                '405': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                '503': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                '530': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                '408': RequestTimeout,
+                '504': RequestTimeout,
+                '401': AuthenticationError,
+                '407': AuthenticationError,
+                '511': AuthenticationError,
+            },
+            'commonCurrencies': {
+                'XBT': 'BTC',
+                'BCC': 'BCH',
+                'BCHSV': 'BSV',
+            },
+            'precisionMode': TICK_SIZE,
+            'paddingMode': NO_PADDING,
+            'limits': {
+                'leverage': {'min': None, 'max': None},
+                'amount': {'min': None, 'max': None},
+                'price': {'min': None, 'max': None},
+                'cost': {'min': None, 'max': None},
+            },
+        }
+
     def safe_bool_n(self, dictionaryOrList, keys: List[IndexType], defaultValue: bool = None):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         safely extract boolean value from dictionary or list
         :returns bool | None:
         """
@@ -1780,7 +2123,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def safe_bool_2(self, dictionary, key1: IndexType, key2: IndexType, defaultValue: bool = None):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         safely extract boolean value from dictionary or list
         :returns bool | None:
         """
@@ -1788,7 +2131,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def safe_bool(self, dictionary, key: IndexType, defaultValue: bool = None):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         safely extract boolean value from dictionary or list
         :returns bool | None:
         """
@@ -1796,20 +2139,21 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def safe_dict_n(self, dictionaryOrList, keys: List[IndexType], defaultValue: dict = None):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         safely extract a dictionary from dictionary or list
         :returns dict | None:
         """
         value = self.safe_value_n(dictionaryOrList, keys, defaultValue)
         if value is None:
             return defaultValue
-        if isinstance(value, dict):
-            return value
+        if (isinstance(value, dict)):
+            if not isinstance(value, list):
+                return value
         return defaultValue
 
     def safe_dict(self, dictionary, key: IndexType, defaultValue: dict = None):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         safely extract a dictionary from dictionary or list
         :returns dict | None:
         """
@@ -1817,7 +2161,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def safe_dict_2(self, dictionary, key1: IndexType, key2: str, defaultValue: dict = None):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         safely extract a dictionary from dictionary or list
         :returns dict | None:
         """
@@ -1825,7 +2169,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def safe_list_n(self, dictionaryOrList, keys: List[IndexType], defaultValue: List[Any] = None):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         safely extract an Array from dictionary or list
         :returns Array | None:
         """
@@ -1838,7 +2182,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def safe_list_2(self, dictionaryOrList, key1: IndexType, key2: str, defaultValue: List[Any] = None):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         safely extract an Array from dictionary or list
         :returns Array | None:
         """
@@ -1846,7 +2190,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def safe_list(self, dictionaryOrList, key: IndexType, defaultValue: List[Any] = None):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         safely extract an Array from dictionary or list
         :returns Array | None:
         """
@@ -1859,6 +2203,11 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def handle_delta(self, bookside, delta):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' handleDelta not supported yet')
 
+    def handle_deltas_with_keys(self, bookSide: Any, deltas, priceKey: IndexType = 0, amountKey: IndexType = 1, countOrIdKey: IndexType = 2):
+        for i in range(0, len(deltas)):
+            bidAsk = self.parse_bid_ask(deltas[i], priceKey, amountKey, countOrIdKey)
+            bookSide.storeArray(bidAsk)
+
     def get_cache_index(self, orderbook, deltas):
         # return the first index of the cache that can be applied to the orderbook or -1 if not possible
         return -1
@@ -1898,7 +2247,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
         length = len(usedProxies)
         if length > 1:
             joinedProxyNames = ','.join(usedProxies)
-            raise ProxyError(self.id + ' you have multiple conflicting proxy settings(' + joinedProxyNames + '), please use only one from : proxyUrl, proxy_url, proxyUrlCallback, proxy_url_callback')
+            raise InvalidProxySettings(self.id + ' you have multiple conflicting proxy settings(' + joinedProxyNames + '), please use only one from : proxyUrl, proxy_url, proxyUrlCallback, proxy_url_callback')
         return proxyUrl
 
     def check_proxy_settings(self, url: Str = None, method: Str = None, headers=None, body=None):
@@ -1907,49 +2256,43 @@ class Exchange(object):
         httpsProxy = None
         socksProxy = None
         # httpProxy
-        if self.valueIsDefined(self.httpProxy):
+        isHttpProxyDefined = self.value_is_defined(self.httpProxy)
+        isHttp_proxy_defined = self.value_is_defined(self.http_proxy)
+        if isHttpProxyDefined or isHttp_proxy_defined:
             usedProxies.append('httpProxy')
-            httpProxy = self.httpProxy
-        if self.valueIsDefined(self.http_proxy):
-            usedProxies.append('http_proxy')
-            httpProxy = self.http_proxy
-        if self.httpProxyCallback is not None:
+            httpProxy = self.httpProxy if isHttpProxyDefined else self.http_proxy
+        ishttpProxyCallbackDefined = self.value_is_defined(self.httpProxyCallback)
+        ishttp_proxy_callback_defined = self.value_is_defined(self.http_proxy_callback)
+        if ishttpProxyCallbackDefined or ishttp_proxy_callback_defined:
             usedProxies.append('httpProxyCallback')
-            httpProxy = self.httpProxyCallback(url, method, headers, body)
-        if self.http_proxy_callback is not None:
-            usedProxies.append('http_proxy_callback')
-            httpProxy = self.http_proxy_callback(url, method, headers, body)
+            httpProxy = self.httpProxyCallback(url, method, headers, body) if ishttpProxyCallbackDefined else self.http_proxy_callback(url, method, headers, body)
         # httpsProxy
-        if self.valueIsDefined(self.httpsProxy):
+        isHttpsProxyDefined = self.value_is_defined(self.httpsProxy)
+        isHttps_proxy_defined = self.value_is_defined(self.https_proxy)
+        if isHttpsProxyDefined or isHttps_proxy_defined:
             usedProxies.append('httpsProxy')
-            httpsProxy = self.httpsProxy
-        if self.valueIsDefined(self.https_proxy):
-            usedProxies.append('https_proxy')
-            httpsProxy = self.https_proxy
-        if self.httpsProxyCallback is not None:
+            httpsProxy = self.httpsProxy if isHttpsProxyDefined else self.https_proxy
+        ishttpsProxyCallbackDefined = self.value_is_defined(self.httpsProxyCallback)
+        ishttps_proxy_callback_defined = self.value_is_defined(self.https_proxy_callback)
+        if ishttpsProxyCallbackDefined or ishttps_proxy_callback_defined:
             usedProxies.append('httpsProxyCallback')
-            httpsProxy = self.httpsProxyCallback(url, method, headers, body)
-        if self.https_proxy_callback is not None:
-            usedProxies.append('https_proxy_callback')
-            httpsProxy = self.https_proxy_callback(url, method, headers, body)
+            httpsProxy = self.httpsProxyCallback(url, method, headers, body) if ishttpsProxyCallbackDefined else self.https_proxy_callback(url, method, headers, body)
         # socksProxy
-        if self.valueIsDefined(self.socksProxy):
+        isSocksProxyDefined = self.value_is_defined(self.socksProxy)
+        isSocks_proxy_defined = self.value_is_defined(self.socks_proxy)
+        if isSocksProxyDefined or isSocks_proxy_defined:
             usedProxies.append('socksProxy')
-            socksProxy = self.socksProxy
-        if self.valueIsDefined(self.socks_proxy):
-            usedProxies.append('socks_proxy')
-            socksProxy = self.socks_proxy
-        if self.socksProxyCallback is not None:
+            socksProxy = self.socksProxy if isSocksProxyDefined else self.socks_proxy
+        issocksProxyCallbackDefined = self.value_is_defined(self.socksProxyCallback)
+        issocks_proxy_callback_defined = self.value_is_defined(self.socks_proxy_callback)
+        if issocksProxyCallbackDefined or issocks_proxy_callback_defined:
             usedProxies.append('socksProxyCallback')
-            socksProxy = self.socksProxyCallback(url, method, headers, body)
-        if self.socks_proxy_callback is not None:
-            usedProxies.append('socks_proxy_callback')
-            socksProxy = self.socks_proxy_callback(url, method, headers, body)
+            socksProxy = self.socksProxyCallback(url, method, headers, body) if issocksProxyCallbackDefined else self.socks_proxy_callback(url, method, headers, body)
         # check
         length = len(usedProxies)
         if length > 1:
             joinedProxyNames = ','.join(usedProxies)
-            raise ProxyError(self.id + ' you have multiple conflicting proxy settings(' + joinedProxyNames + '), please use only one from: httpProxy, httpsProxy, httpProxyCallback, httpsProxyCallback, socksProxy, socksProxyCallback')
+            raise InvalidProxySettings(self.id + ' you have multiple conflicting proxy settings(' + joinedProxyNames + '), please use only one from: httpProxy, httpsProxy, httpProxyCallback, httpsProxyCallback, socksProxy, socksProxyCallback')
         return [httpProxy, httpsProxy, socksProxy]
 
     def check_ws_proxy_settings(self):
@@ -1958,36 +2301,43 @@ class Exchange(object):
         wssProxy = None
         wsSocksProxy = None
         # ws proxy
-        if self.valueIsDefined(self.wsProxy):
+        isWsProxyDefined = self.value_is_defined(self.wsProxy)
+        is_ws_proxy_defined = self.value_is_defined(self.ws_proxy)
+        if isWsProxyDefined or is_ws_proxy_defined:
             usedProxies.append('wsProxy')
-            wsProxy = self.wsProxy
-        if self.valueIsDefined(self.ws_proxy):
-            usedProxies.append('ws_proxy')
-            wsProxy = self.ws_proxy
+            wsProxy = self.wsProxy if (isWsProxyDefined) else self.ws_proxy
         # wss proxy
-        if self.valueIsDefined(self.wssProxy):
+        isWssProxyDefined = self.value_is_defined(self.wssProxy)
+        is_wss_proxy_defined = self.value_is_defined(self.wss_proxy)
+        if isWssProxyDefined or is_wss_proxy_defined:
             usedProxies.append('wssProxy')
-            wssProxy = self.wssProxy
-        if self.valueIsDefined(self.wss_proxy):
-            usedProxies.append('wss_proxy')
-            wssProxy = self.wss_proxy
+            wssProxy = self.wssProxy if (isWssProxyDefined) else self.wss_proxy
         # ws socks proxy
-        if self.valueIsDefined(self.wsSocksProxy):
+        isWsSocksProxyDefined = self.value_is_defined(self.wsSocksProxy)
+        is_ws_socks_proxy_defined = self.value_is_defined(self.ws_socks_proxy)
+        if isWsSocksProxyDefined or is_ws_socks_proxy_defined:
             usedProxies.append('wsSocksProxy')
-            wsSocksProxy = self.wsSocksProxy
-        if self.valueIsDefined(self.ws_socks_proxy):
-            usedProxies.append('ws_socks_proxy')
-            wsSocksProxy = self.ws_socks_proxy
+            wsSocksProxy = self.wsSocksProxy if (isWsSocksProxyDefined) else self.ws_socks_proxy
         # check
         length = len(usedProxies)
         if length > 1:
             joinedProxyNames = ','.join(usedProxies)
-            raise ProxyError(self.id + ' you have multiple conflicting proxy settings(' + joinedProxyNames + '), please use only one from: wsProxy, wssProxy, wsSocksProxy')
+            raise InvalidProxySettings(self.id + ' you have multiple conflicting proxy settings(' + joinedProxyNames + '), please use only one from: wsProxy, wssProxy, wsSocksProxy')
         return [wsProxy, wssProxy, wsSocksProxy]
 
     def check_conflicting_proxies(self, proxyAgentSet, proxyUrlSet):
         if proxyAgentSet and proxyUrlSet:
-            raise ProxyError(self.id + ' you have multiple conflicting proxy settings, please use only one from : proxyUrl, httpProxy, httpsProxy, socksProxy')
+            raise InvalidProxySettings(self.id + ' you have multiple conflicting proxy settings, please use only one from : proxyUrl, httpProxy, httpsProxy, socksProxy')
+
+    def check_address(self, address: Str = None):
+        if address is None:
+            raise InvalidAddress(self.id + ' address is None')
+        # check the address is not the same letter like 'aaaaa' nor too short nor has a space
+        uniqChars = (self.unique(self.string_to_chars_array(address)))
+        length = len(uniqChars)  # py transpiler trick
+        if length == 1 or len(address) < self.minFundingAddressLength or address.find(' ') > -1:
+            raise InvalidAddress(self.id + ' address is invalid or has less than ' + str(self.minFundingAddressLength) + ' characters: "' + str(address) + '"')
+        return address
 
     def find_message_hashes(self, client, element: str):
         result = []
@@ -1999,7 +2349,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
         return result
 
     def filter_by_limit(self, array: List[object], limit: Int = None, key: IndexType = 'timestamp', fromStart: bool = False):
-        if self.valueIsDefined(limit):
+        if self.value_is_defined(limit):
             arrayLength = len(array)
             if arrayLength > 0:
                 ascending = True
@@ -2011,13 +2361,13 @@ class Exchange(object):
                 if fromStart:
                     if limit > arrayLength:
                         limit = arrayLength
-                    array = self.arraySlice(array, 0, limit) if ascending else self.arraySlice(array, -limit)
+                    array = self.array_slice(array, 0, limit) if ascending else self.array_slice(array, -limit)
                 else:
-                    array = self.arraySlice(array, -limit) if ascending else self.arraySlice(array, 0, limit)
+                    array = self.array_slice(array, -limit) if ascending else self.array_slice(array, 0, limit)
         return array
 
     def filter_by_since_limit(self, array: List[object], since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, key: IndexType = 'timestamp', tail=False):
-        sinceIsDefined = self.valueIsDefined(since)
+        sinceIsDefined = self.value_is_defined(since)
         parsedArray = self.to_array(array)
         result = parsedArray
         if sinceIsDefined:
@@ -2028,15 +2378,15 @@ class Exchange(object):
                 if value and (value >= since):
                     result.append(entry)
         if tail and limit is not None:
-            return self.arraySlice(result, -limit)
+            return self.array_slice(result, -limit)
         # if the user provided a 'since' argument
         # we want to limit the result starting from the 'since'
         shouldFilterFromStart = not tail and sinceIsDefined
         return self.filter_by_limit(result, limit, key, shouldFilterFromStart)
 
     def filter_by_value_since_limit(self, array: List[object], field: IndexType, value=None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, key='timestamp', tail=False):
-        valueIsDefined = self.valueIsDefined(value)
-        sinceIsDefined = self.valueIsDefined(since)
+        valueIsDefined = self.value_is_defined(value)
+        sinceIsDefined = self.value_is_defined(since)
         parsedArray = self.to_array(array)
         result = parsedArray
         # single-pass filter for both symbol and since
@@ -2047,15 +2397,19 @@ class Exchange(object):
                 entryFiledEqualValue = entry[field] == value
                 firstCondition = entryFiledEqualValue if valueIsDefined else True
                 entryKeyValue = self.safe_value(entry, key)
-                entryKeyGESince = (entryKeyValue) and since and (entryKeyValue >= since)
+                entryKeyGESince = (entryKeyValue) and (since is not None) and (entryKeyValue >= since)
                 secondCondition = entryKeyGESince if sinceIsDefined else True
                 if firstCondition and secondCondition:
                     result.append(entry)
         if tail and limit is not None:
-            return self.arraySlice(result, -limit)
+            return self.array_slice(result, -limit)
         return self.filter_by_limit(result, limit, key, sinceIsDefined)
 
     def set_sandbox_mode(self, enabled: bool):
+        """
+        set the sandbox mode for the exchange
+        :param boolean enabled: True to enable sandbox mode, False to disable it
+        """
         if enabled:
             if 'test' in self.urls:
                 if isinstance(self.urls['api'], str):
@@ -2066,6 +2420,8 @@ class Exchange(object):
                     self.urls['api'] = self.clone(self.urls['test'])
             else:
                 raise NotSupported(self.id + ' does not have a sandbox URL')
+            # set flag
+            self.isSandboxModeEnabled = True
         elif 'apiBackup' in self.urls:
             if isinstance(self.urls['api'], str):
                 self.urls['api'] = self.urls['apiBackup']
@@ -2073,6 +2429,8 @@ class Exchange(object):
                 self.urls['api'] = self.clone(self.urls['apiBackup'])
             newUrls = self.omit(self.urls, 'apiBackup')
             self.urls = newUrls
+            # set flag
+            self.isSandboxModeEnabled = False
 
     def sign(self, path, api: Any = 'public', method='GET', params={}, headers: Any = None, body: Any = None):
         return {}
@@ -2086,12 +2444,34 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def fetch_trades_ws(self, symbol: str, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchTradesWs() is not supported yet')
 
+    def watch_liquidations(self, symbol: str, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
+        if self.has['watchLiquidationsForSymbols']:
+            return self.watch_liquidations_for_symbols([symbol], since, limit, params)
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' watchLiquidations() is not supported yet')
+
+    def watch_liquidations_for_symbols(self, symbols: List[str], since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' watchLiquidationsForSymbols() is not supported yet')
+
+    def watch_my_liquidations(self, symbol: str, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
+        if self.has['watchMyLiquidationsForSymbols']:
+            return self.watch_my_liquidations_for_symbols([symbol], since, limit, params)
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' watchMyLiquidations() is not supported yet')
+
+    def watch_my_liquidations_for_symbols(self, symbols: List[str], since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' watchMyLiquidationsForSymbols() is not supported yet')
+
     def watch_trades(self, symbol: str, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' watchTrades() is not supported yet')
 
+    def un_watch_trades(self, symbol: str, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' unWatchTrades() is not supported yet')
+
     def watch_trades_for_symbols(self, symbols: List[str], since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' watchTradesForSymbols() is not supported yet')
 
+    def un_watch_trades_for_symbols(self, symbols: List[str], params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' unWatchTradesForSymbols() is not supported yet')
+
     def watch_my_trades_for_symbols(self, symbols: List[str], since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' watchMyTradesForSymbols() is not supported yet')
 
@@ -2101,27 +2481,36 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def watch_ohlcv_for_symbols(self, symbolsAndTimeframes: List[List[str]], since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' watchOHLCVForSymbols() is not supported yet')
 
+    def un_watch_ohlcv_for_symbols(self, symbolsAndTimeframes: List[List[str]], params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' unWatchOHLCVForSymbols() is not supported yet')
+
     def watch_order_book_for_symbols(self, symbols: List[str], limit: Int = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' watchOrderBookForSymbols() is not supported yet')
 
-    def fetch_deposit_addresses(self, codes: List[str] = None, params={}):
+    def un_watch_order_book_for_symbols(self, symbols: List[str], params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' unWatchOrderBookForSymbols() is not supported yet')
+
+    def fetch_deposit_addresses(self, codes: Strings = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchDepositAddresses() is not supported yet')
 
     def fetch_order_book(self, symbol: str, limit: Int = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchOrderBook() is not supported yet')
 
+    def fetch_order_book_ws(self, symbol: str, limit: Int = None, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchOrderBookWs() is not supported yet')
+
     def fetch_margin_mode(self, symbol: str, params={}):
         if self.has['fetchMarginModes']:
-            marginModes = self.fetchMarginModes([symbol], params)
+            marginModes = self.fetch_margin_modes([symbol], params)
             return self.safe_dict(marginModes, symbol)
         else:
             raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchMarginMode() is not supported yet')
 
-    def fetch_margin_modes(self, symbols: List[str] = None, params={}):
+    def fetch_margin_modes(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchMarginModes() is not supported yet')
 
     def fetch_rest_order_book_safe(self, symbol, limit=None, params={}):
-        fetchSnapshotMaxRetries = self.handleOption('watchOrderBook', 'maxRetries', 3)
+        fetchSnapshotMaxRetries = self.handle_option('watchOrderBook', 'maxRetries', 3)
         for i in range(0, fetchSnapshotMaxRetries):
             try:
                 orderBook = self.fetch_order_book(symbol, limit, params)
@@ -2134,13 +2523,28 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def watch_order_book(self, symbol: str, limit: Int = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' watchOrderBook() is not supported yet')
 
+    def un_watch_order_book(self, symbol: str, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' unWatchOrderBook() is not supported yet')
+
     def fetch_time(self, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchTime() is not supported yet')
 
-    def fetch_trading_limits(self, symbols: List[str] = None, params={}):
+    def fetch_trading_limits(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchTradingLimits() is not supported yet')
 
-    def parse_market(self, market):
+    def parse_currency(self, rawCurrency: dict):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseCurrency() is not supported yet')
+
+    def parse_currencies(self, rawCurrencies):
+        result = {}
+        arr = self.to_array(rawCurrencies)
+        for i in range(0, len(arr)):
+            parsed = self.parse_currency(arr[i])
+            code = parsed['code']
+            result[code] = parsed
+        return result
+
+    def parse_market(self, market: dict):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseMarket() is not supported yet')
 
     def parse_markets(self, markets):
@@ -2149,28 +2553,28 @@ class Exchange(object):
             result.append(self.parse_market(markets[i]))
         return result
 
-    def parse_ticker(self, ticker: object, market: Market = None):
+    def parse_ticker(self, ticker: dict, market: Market = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseTicker() is not supported yet')
 
     def parse_deposit_address(self, depositAddress, currency: Currency = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseDepositAddress() is not supported yet')
 
-    def parse_trade(self, trade: object, market: Market = None):
+    def parse_trade(self, trade: dict, market: Market = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseTrade() is not supported yet')
 
-    def parse_transaction(self, transaction, currency: Currency = None):
+    def parse_transaction(self, transaction: dict, currency: Currency = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseTransaction() is not supported yet')
 
-    def parse_transfer(self, transfer, currency: Currency = None):
+    def parse_transfer(self, transfer: dict, currency: Currency = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseTransfer() is not supported yet')
 
-    def parse_account(self, account):
+    def parse_account(self, account: dict):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseAccount() is not supported yet')
 
-    def parse_ledger_entry(self, item, currency: Currency = None):
+    def parse_ledger_entry(self, item: dict, currency: Currency = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseLedgerEntry() is not supported yet')
 
-    def parse_order(self, order, market: Market = None):
+    def parse_order(self, order: dict, market: Market = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseOrder() is not supported yet')
 
     def fetch_cross_borrow_rates(self, params={}):
@@ -2182,33 +2586,39 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def parse_market_leverage_tiers(self, info, market: Market = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseMarketLeverageTiers() is not supported yet')
 
-    def fetch_leverage_tiers(self, symbols: List[str] = None, params={}):
+    def fetch_leverage_tiers(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchLeverageTiers() is not supported yet')
 
-    def parse_position(self, position, market: Market = None):
+    def parse_position(self, position: dict, market: Market = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parsePosition() is not supported yet')
 
     def parse_funding_rate_history(self, info, market: Market = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseFundingRateHistory() is not supported yet')
 
-    def parse_borrow_interest(self, info, market: Market = None):
+    def parse_borrow_interest(self, info: dict, market: Market = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseBorrowInterest() is not supported yet')
 
-    def parse_ws_trade(self, trade, market: Market = None):
+    def parse_isolated_borrow_rate(self, info: dict, market: Market = None):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseIsolatedBorrowRate() is not supported yet')
+
+    def parse_ws_trade(self, trade: dict, market: Market = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseWsTrade() is not supported yet')
 
-    def parse_ws_order(self, order, market: Market = None):
+    def parse_ws_order(self, order: dict, market: Market = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseWsOrder() is not supported yet')
 
-    def parse_ws_order_trade(self, trade, market: Market = None):
+    def parse_ws_order_trade(self, trade: dict, market: Market = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseWsOrderTrade() is not supported yet')
 
     def parse_ws_ohlcv(self, ohlcv, market: Market = None):
         return self.parse_ohlcv(ohlcv, market)
 
-    def fetch_funding_rates(self, symbols: List[str] = None, params={}):
+    def fetch_funding_rates(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchFundingRates() is not supported yet')
 
+    def fetch_funding_intervals(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchFundingIntervals() is not supported yet')
+
     def watch_funding_rate(self, symbol: str, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' watchFundingRate() is not supported yet')
 
@@ -2216,7 +2626,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' watchFundingRates() is not supported yet')
 
     def watch_funding_rates_for_symbols(self, symbols: List[str], params={}):
-        return self.watchFundingRates(symbols, params)
+        return self.watch_funding_rates(symbols, params)
 
     def transfer(self, code: str, amount: float, fromAccount: str, toAccount: str, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' transfer() is not supported yet')
@@ -2232,12 +2642,12 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def fetch_leverage(self, symbol: str, params={}):
         if self.has['fetchLeverages']:
-            leverages = self.fetchLeverages([symbol], params)
+            leverages = self.fetch_leverages([symbol], params)
             return self.safe_dict(leverages, symbol)
         else:
             raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchLeverage() is not supported yet')
 
-    def fetch_leverages(self, symbols: List[str] = None, params={}):
+    def fetch_leverages(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchLeverages() is not supported yet')
 
     def set_position_mode(self, hedged: bool, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
@@ -2252,6 +2662,24 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def set_margin(self, symbol: str, amount: float, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' setMargin() is not supported yet')
 
+    def fetch_long_short_ratio(self, symbol: str, timeframe: Str = None, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchLongShortRatio() is not supported yet')
+
+    def fetch_long_short_ratio_history(self, symbol: Str = None, timeframe: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchLongShortRatioHistory() is not supported yet')
+
+    def fetch_margin_adjustment_history(self, symbol: Str = None, type: Str = None, since: Num = None, limit: Num = None, params={}):
+        """
+        fetches the history of margin added or reduced from contract isolated positions
+        :param str [symbol]: unified market symbol
+        :param str [type]: "add" or "reduce"
+        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest change to fetch
+        :param int [limit]: the maximum amount of changes to fetch
+        :param dict params: extra parameters specific to the exchange api endpoint
+        :returns dict[]: a list of `margin structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=margin-loan-structure>`
+        """
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchMarginAdjustmentHistory() is not supported yet')
+
     def set_margin_mode(self, marginMode: str, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' setMarginMode() is not supported yet')
 
@@ -2264,6 +2692,9 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def fetch_open_interest(self, symbol: str, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchOpenInterest() is not supported yet')
 
+    def fetch_open_interests(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchOpenInterests() is not supported yet')
+
     def sign_in(self, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' signIn() is not supported yet')
 
@@ -2273,7 +2704,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def parse_to_int(self, number):
         # Solve Common intmisuse ex: int((since / str(1000)))
         # using a number which is not valid in ts
-        stringifiedNumber = str(number)
+        stringifiedNumber = self.number_to_string(number)
         convertedNumber = float(stringifiedNumber)
         return int(convertedNumber)
 
@@ -2287,14 +2718,107 @@ class Exchange(object):
             return float(stringVersion)
         return int(stringVersion)
 
-    def is_round_number(self, value):
+    def is_round_number(self, value: float):
         # self method is similar to isInteger, but self is more loyal and does not check for types.
         # i.e. isRoundNumber(1.000) returns True, while isInteger(1.000) returns False
         res = self.parse_to_numeric((value % 1))
         return res == 0
 
+    def safe_integer_omit_zero(self, obj: object, key: IndexType, defaultValue: Int = None):
+        timestamp = self.safe_integer(obj, key, defaultValue)
+        if timestamp is None or timestamp == 0:
+            return None
+        return timestamp
+
     def after_construct(self):
         self.create_networks_by_id_object()
+        self.features_generator()
+
+    def features_generator(self):
+        #
+        # the exchange-specific features can be something like self, where we support 'string' aliases too:
+        #
+        #     {
+        #         'myItem' : {
+        #             'createOrder' : {...},
+        #             'fetchOrders' : {...},
+        #         },
+        #         'swap': {
+        #             'linear': 'myItem',
+        #             'inverse': 'myItem',
+        #         },
+        #         'future': {
+        #             'linear': 'myItem',
+        #             'inverse': 'myItem',
+        #         }
+        #     }
+        #
+        #
+        #
+        # self method would regenerate the blank features tree, eg:
+        #
+        #     {
+        #         "spot": {
+        #             "createOrder": None,
+        #             "fetchBalance": None,
+        #             ...
+        #         },
+        #         "swap": {
+        #             ...
+        #         }
+        #     }
+        #
+        if self.features is None:
+            return
+        # reconstruct
+        initialFeatures = self.features
+        self.features = {}
+        unifiedMarketTypes = ['spot', 'swap', 'future', 'option']
+        subTypes = ['linear', 'inverse']
+        # atm only support basic methods, eg: 'createOrder', 'fetchOrder', 'fetchOrders', 'fetchMyTrades'
+        for i in range(0, len(unifiedMarketTypes)):
+            marketType = unifiedMarketTypes[i]
+            # if marketType is not filled for self exchange, don't add that in `features`
+            if not (marketType in initialFeatures):
+                self.features[marketType] = None
+            else:
+                if marketType == 'spot':
+                    self.features[marketType] = self.features_mapper(initialFeatures, marketType, None)
+                else:
+                    self.features[marketType] = {}
+                    for j in range(0, len(subTypes)):
+                        subType = subTypes[j]
+                        self.features[marketType][subType] = self.features_mapper(initialFeatures, marketType, subType)
+
+    def features_mapper(self, initialFeatures: Any, marketType: Str, subType: Str = None):
+        featuresObj = initialFeatures[marketType][subType] if (subType is not None) else initialFeatures[marketType]
+        # if exchange does not have that market-type(eg. future>inverse)
+        if featuresObj is None:
+            return None
+        extendsStr: Str = self.safe_string(featuresObj, 'extends')
+        if extendsStr is not None:
+            featuresObj = self.omit(featuresObj, 'extends')
+            extendObj = self.features_mapper(initialFeatures, extendsStr)
+            featuresObj = self.deep_extend(extendObj, featuresObj)
+        #
+        # corrections
+        #
+        if 'createOrder' in featuresObj:
+            value = self.safe_dict(featuresObj['createOrder'], 'attachedStopLossTakeProfit')
+            if value is not None:
+                featuresObj['createOrder']['stopLoss'] = value
+                featuresObj['createOrder']['takeProfit'] = value
+            # for spot, default 'hedged' to False
+            if marketType == 'spot':
+                featuresObj['createOrder']['hedged'] = False
+            # default 'GTC' to True
+            gtcValue = self.safe_bool(featuresObj['createOrder']['timeInForce'], 'gtc')
+            if gtcValue is None:
+                featuresObj['createOrder']['timeInForce']['GTC'] = True
+        return featuresObj
+
+    def orderbook_checksum_message(self, symbol: Str):
+        return symbol + '  = False'
 
     def create_networks_by_id_object(self):
         # automatically generate network-id-to-code mappings
@@ -2307,6 +2831,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
                 'ETH': {'ERC20': 'ETH'},
                 'TRX': {'TRC20': 'TRX'},
                 'CRO': {'CRC20': 'CRONOS'},
+                'BRC20': {'BRC20': 'BTC'},
             },
         }
 
@@ -2377,7 +2902,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
             },
         }, currency)
 
-    def safe_market_structure(self, market=None):
+    def safe_market_structure(self, market: dict = None):
         cleanStructure = {
             'id': None,
             'lowercaseId': None,
@@ -2432,6 +2957,10 @@ class Exchange(object):
                     'max': None,
                 },
             },
+            'marginModes': {
+                'cross': None,
+                'isolated': None,
+            },
             'created': None,
             'info': None,
         }
@@ -2537,7 +3066,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
         superWithRestDescribe = self.deep_extend(extendedRestDescribe, wsBaseDescribe)
         return superWithRestDescribe
 
-    def safe_balance(self, balance: object):
+    def safe_balance(self, balance: dict):
         balances = self.omit(balance, ['info', 'timestamp', 'datetime', 'free', 'used', 'total'])
         codes = list(balances.keys())
         balance['free'] = {}
@@ -2571,7 +3100,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
             balance['debt'] = debtBalance
         return balance
 
-    def safe_order(self, order: object, market: Market = None):
+    def safe_order(self, order: dict, market: Market = None):
         # parses numbers
         # * it is important pass the trades rawTrades
         amount = self.omit_zero(self.safe_string(order, 'amount'))
@@ -2595,11 +3124,13 @@ class Exchange(object):
         shouldParseFees = parseFee or parseFees
         fees = self.safe_list(order, 'fees', [])
         trades = []
+        isTriggerOrSLTpOrder = ((self.safe_string(order, 'triggerPrice') is not None or (self.safe_string(order, 'stopLossPrice') is not None)) or (self.safe_string(order, 'takeProfitPrice') is not None))
         if parseFilled or parseCost or shouldParseFees:
             rawTrades = self.safe_value(order, 'trades', trades)
-            oldNumber = self.number
+            # oldNumber = self.number
             # we parse trades here!
-            self.number = str
+            # i don't think self is needed anymore
+            # self.number = str
             firstTrade = self.safe_value(rawTrades, 0)
             # parse trades if they haven't already been parsed
             tradesAreParsed = ((firstTrade is not None) and ('info' in firstTrade) and ('id' in firstTrade))
@@ -2607,7 +3138,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
                 trades = self.parse_trades(rawTrades, market)
             else:
                 trades = rawTrades
-            self.number = oldNumber
+            # self.number = oldNumber; why parse trades if you read the value using `safeString` ?
             tradesLength = 0
             isArray = isinstance(trades, list)
             if isArray:
@@ -2745,7 +3276,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
         postOnly = self.safe_value(order, 'postOnly')
         # timeInForceHandling
         if timeInForce is None:
-            if self.safe_string(order, 'type') == 'market':
+            if not isTriggerOrSLTpOrder and (self.safe_string(order, 'type') == 'market'):
                 timeInForce = 'IOC'
             # allow postOnly override
             if postOnly:
@@ -2875,7 +3406,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
             'cost': self.parse_number(cost),
         }
 
-    def safe_liquidation(self, liquidation: object, market: Market = None):
+    def safe_liquidation(self, liquidation: dict, market: Market = None):
         contracts = self.safe_string(liquidation, 'contracts')
         contractSize = self.safe_string(market, 'contractSize')
         price = self.safe_string(liquidation, 'price')
@@ -2892,7 +3423,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
         liquidation['quoteValue'] = self.parse_number(quoteValue)
         return liquidation
 
-    def safe_trade(self, trade: object, market: Market = None):
+    def safe_trade(self, trade: dict, market: Market = None):
         amount = self.safe_string(trade, 'amount')
         price = self.safe_string(trade, 'price')
         cost = self.safe_string(trade, 'cost')
@@ -2906,40 +3437,62 @@ class Exchange(object):
                     multiplyPrice = Precise.string_div('1', price)
                 multiplyPrice = Precise.string_mul(multiplyPrice, contractSize)
             cost = Precise.string_mul(multiplyPrice, amount)
-        parseFee = self.safe_value(trade, 'fee') is None
-        parseFees = self.safe_value(trade, 'fees') is None
-        shouldParseFees = parseFee or parseFees
-        fees = []
-        fee = self.safe_value(trade, 'fee')
-        if shouldParseFees:
-            reducedFees = self.reduce_fees_by_currency(fees) if self.reduceFees else fees
-            reducedLength = len(reducedFees)
-            for i in range(0, reducedLength):
-                reducedFees[i]['cost'] = self.safe_number(reducedFees[i], 'cost')
-                if 'rate' in reducedFees[i]:
-                    reducedFees[i]['rate'] = self.safe_number(reducedFees[i], 'rate')
-            if not parseFee and (reducedLength == 0):
-                # copy fee to avoid modification by reference
-                feeCopy = self.deep_extend(fee)
-                feeCopy['cost'] = self.safe_number(feeCopy, 'cost')
-                if 'rate' in feeCopy:
-                    feeCopy['rate'] = self.safe_number(feeCopy, 'rate')
-                reducedFees.append(feeCopy)
-            if parseFees:
-                trade['fees'] = reducedFees
-            if parseFee and (reducedLength == 1):
-                trade['fee'] = reducedFees[0]
-            tradeFee = self.safe_value(trade, 'fee')
-            if tradeFee is not None:
-                tradeFee['cost'] = self.safe_number(tradeFee, 'cost')
-                if 'rate' in tradeFee:
-                    tradeFee['rate'] = self.safe_number(tradeFee, 'rate')
-                trade['fee'] = tradeFee
+        resultFee, resultFees = self.parsed_fee_and_fees(trade)
+        trade['fee'] = resultFee
+        trade['fees'] = resultFees
         trade['amount'] = self.parse_number(amount)
         trade['price'] = self.parse_number(price)
         trade['cost'] = self.parse_number(cost)
         return trade
 
+    def parsed_fee_and_fees(self, container: Any):
+        fee = self.safe_dict(container, 'fee')
+        fees = self.safe_list(container, 'fees')
+        feeDefined = fee is not None
+        feesDefined = fees is not None
+        # parsing only if at least one of them is defined
+        shouldParseFees = (feeDefined or feesDefined)
+        if shouldParseFees:
+            if feeDefined:
+                fee = self.parse_fee_numeric(fee)
+            if not feesDefined:
+                # just set it directly, no further processing needed
+                fees = [fee]
+            # 'fees' were set, so reparse them
+            reducedFees = self.reduce_fees_by_currency(fees) if self.reduceFees else fees
+            reducedLength = len(reducedFees)
+            for i in range(0, reducedLength):
+                reducedFees[i] = self.parse_fee_numeric(reducedFees[i])
+            fees = reducedFees
+            if reducedLength == 1:
+                fee = reducedFees[0]
+            elif reducedLength == 0:
+                fee = None
+        # in case `fee & fees` are None, set `fees` array
+        if fee is None:
+            fee = {
+                'cost': None,
+                'currency': None,
+            }
+        if fees is None:
+            fees = []
+        return [fee, fees]
+
+    def parse_fee_numeric(self, fee: Any):
+        fee['cost'] = self.safe_number(fee, 'cost')  # ensure numeric
+        if 'rate' in fee:
+            fee['rate'] = self.safe_number(fee, 'rate')
+        return fee
+
+    def find_nearest_ceiling(self, arr: List[float], providedValue: float):
+        #  i.e. findNearestCeiling([10, 30, 50],  23) returns 30
+        length = len(arr)
+        for i in range(0, length):
+            current = arr[i]
+            if providedValue <= current:
+                return current
+        return arr[length - 1]
+
     def invert_flat_string_dictionary(self, dict):
         reversed = {}
         keys = list(dict.keys())
@@ -2999,12 +3552,13 @@ class Exchange(object):
         reduced = {}
         for i in range(0, len(fees)):
             fee = fees[i]
-            feeCurrencyCode = self.safe_string(fee, 'currency')
+            code = self.safe_string(fee, 'currency')
+            feeCurrencyCode = code is not code if None else str(i)
             if feeCurrencyCode is not None:
                 rate = self.safe_string(fee, 'rate')
-                cost = self.safe_value(fee, 'cost')
-                if Precise.string_eq(cost, '0'):
-                    # omit zero cost fees
+                cost = self.safe_string(fee, 'cost')
+                if cost is None:
+                    # omit None cost, does not make sense, however, don't omit '0' costs, still make sense
                     continue
                 if not (feeCurrencyCode in reduced):
                     reduced[feeCurrencyCode] = {}
@@ -3013,7 +3567,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
                     reduced[feeCurrencyCode][rateKey]['cost'] = Precise.string_add(reduced[feeCurrencyCode][rateKey]['cost'], cost)
                 else:
                     reduced[feeCurrencyCode][rateKey] = {
-                        'currency': feeCurrencyCode,
+                        'currency': code,
                         'cost': cost,
                     }
                     if rate is not None:
@@ -3025,7 +3579,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
             result = self.array_concat(result, reducedFeeValues)
         return result
 
-    def safe_ticker(self, ticker: object, market: Market = None):
+    def safe_ticker(self, ticker: dict, market: Market = None):
         open = self.omit_zero(self.safe_string(ticker, 'open'))
         close = self.omit_zero(self.safe_string(ticker, 'close'))
         last = self.omit_zero(self.safe_string(ticker, 'last'))
@@ -3045,7 +3599,13 @@ class Exchange(object):
             if change is None:
                 change = Precise.string_sub(last, open)
             if average is None:
-                average = Precise.string_div(Precise.string_add(last, open), '2')
+                precision = 18
+                if market is not None and self.is_tick_precision():
+                    marketPrecision = self.safe_dict(market, 'precision')
+                    precisionPrice = self.safe_string(marketPrecision, 'price')
+                    if precisionPrice is not None:
+                        precision = self.precision_from_string(precisionPrice)
+                average = Precise.string_div(Precise.string_add(last, open), '2', precision)
         if (percentage is None) and (change is not None) and (open is not None) and Precise.string_gt(open, '0'):
             percentage = Precise.string_mul(Precise.string_div(change, open), '100')
         if (change is None) and (percentage is not None) and (open is not None):
@@ -3055,15 +3615,15 @@ class Exchange(object):
         # timestamp and symbol operations don't belong in safeTicker
         # they should be done in the derived classes
         return self.extend(ticker, {
-            'bid': self.parse_number(self.omit_zero(self.safe_number(ticker, 'bid'))),
+            'bid': self.parse_number(self.omit_zero(self.safe_string(ticker, 'bid'))),
             'bidVolume': self.safe_number(ticker, 'bidVolume'),
-            'ask': self.parse_number(self.omit_zero(self.safe_number(ticker, 'ask'))),
+            'ask': self.parse_number(self.omit_zero(self.safe_string(ticker, 'ask'))),
             'askVolume': self.safe_number(ticker, 'askVolume'),
             'high': self.parse_number(self.omit_zero(self.safe_string(ticker, 'high'))),
-            'low': self.parse_number(self.omit_zero(self.safe_number(ticker, 'low'))),
-            'open': self.parse_number(self.omit_zero(self.parse_number(open))),
-            'close': self.parse_number(self.omit_zero(self.parse_number(close))),
-            'last': self.parse_number(self.omit_zero(self.parse_number(last))),
+            'low': self.parse_number(self.omit_zero(self.safe_string(ticker, 'low'))),
+            'open': self.parse_number(self.omit_zero(open)),
+            'close': self.parse_number(self.omit_zero(close)),
+            'last': self.parse_number(self.omit_zero(last)),
             'change': self.parse_number(change),
             'percentage': self.parse_number(percentage),
             'average': self.parse_number(average),
@@ -3071,15 +3631,17 @@ class Exchange(object):
             'baseVolume': self.parse_number(baseVolume),
             'quoteVolume': self.parse_number(quoteVolume),
             'previousClose': self.safe_number(ticker, 'previousClose'),
+            'indexPrice': self.safe_number(ticker, 'indexPrice'),
+            'markPrice': self.safe_number(ticker, 'markPrice'),
         })
 
-    def fetch_borrow_rate(self, code: str, amount, params={}):
+    def fetch_borrow_rate(self, code: str, amount: float, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchBorrowRate is deprecated, please use fetchCrossBorrowRate or fetchIsolatedBorrowRate instead')
 
-    def repay_cross_margin(self, code: str, amount, params={}):
+    def repay_cross_margin(self, code: str, amount: float, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' repayCrossMargin is not support yet')
 
-    def repay_isolated_margin(self, symbol: str, code: str, amount, params={}):
+    def repay_isolated_margin(self, symbol: str, code: str, amount: float, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' repayIsolatedMargin is not support yet')
 
     def borrow_cross_margin(self, code: str, amount: float, params={}):
@@ -3088,10 +3650,10 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def borrow_isolated_margin(self, symbol: str, code: str, amount: float, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' borrowIsolatedMargin is not support yet')
 
-    def borrow_margin(self, code: str, amount, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
+    def borrow_margin(self, code: str, amount: float, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' borrowMargin is deprecated, please use borrowCrossMargin or borrowIsolatedMargin instead')
 
-    def repay_margin(self, code: str, amount, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
+    def repay_margin(self, code: str, amount: float, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' repayMargin is deprecated, please use repayCrossMargin or repayIsolatedMargin instead')
 
     def fetch_ohlcv(self, symbol: str, timeframe='1m', since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
@@ -3109,7 +3671,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def watch_ohlcv(self, symbol: str, timeframe='1m', since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' watchOHLCV() is not supported yet')
 
-    def convert_trading_view_to_ohlcv(self, ohlcvs, timestamp='t', open='o', high='h', low='l', close='c', volume='v', ms=False):
+    def convert_trading_view_to_ohlcv(self, ohlcvs: List[List[float]], timestamp='t', open='o', high='h', low='l', close='c', volume='v', ms=False):
         result = []
         timestamps = self.safe_list(ohlcvs, timestamp, [])
         opens = self.safe_list(ohlcvs, open, [])
@@ -3128,7 +3690,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
             ])
         return result
 
-    def convert_ohlcv_to_trading_view(self, ohlcvs, timestamp='t', open='o', high='h', low='l', close='c', volume='v', ms=False):
+    def convert_ohlcv_to_trading_view(self, ohlcvs: List[List[float]], timestamp='t', open='o', high='h', low='l', close='c', volume='v', ms=False):
         result = {}
         result[timestamp] = []
         result[open] = []
@@ -3137,7 +3699,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
         result[close] = []
         result[volume] = []
         for i in range(0, len(ohlcvs)):
-            ts = ohlcvs[i][0] if ms else self.parseToInt(ohlcvs[i][0] / 1000)
+            ts = ohlcvs[i][0] if ms else self.parse_to_int(ohlcvs[i][0] / 1000)
             result[timestamp].append(ts)
             result[open].append(ohlcvs[i][1])
             result[high].append(ohlcvs[i][2])
@@ -3187,7 +3749,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
         else:
             raise BadResponse(errorMessage)
 
-    def market_ids(self, symbols):
+    def market_ids(self, symbols: Strings = None):
         if symbols is None:
             return symbols
         result = []
@@ -3195,7 +3757,23 @@ class Exchange(object):
             result.append(self.market_id(symbols[i]))
         return result
 
-    def market_symbols(self, symbols, type: Str = None, allowEmpty=True, sameTypeOnly=False, sameSubTypeOnly=False):
+    def currency_ids(self, codes: Strings = None):
+        if codes is None:
+            return codes
+        result = []
+        for i in range(0, len(codes)):
+            result.append(self.currency_id(codes[i]))
+        return result
+
+    def markets_for_symbols(self, symbols: Strings = None):
+        if symbols is None:
+            return symbols
+        result = []
+        for i in range(0, len(symbols)):
+            result.append(self.market(symbols[i]))
+        return result
+
+    def market_symbols(self, symbols: Strings = None, type: Str = None, allowEmpty=True, sameTypeOnly=False, sameSubTypeOnly=False):
         if symbols is None:
             if not allowEmpty:
                 raise ArgumentsRequired(self.id + ' empty list of symbols is not supported')
@@ -3225,7 +3803,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
             result.append(symbol)
         return result
 
-    def market_codes(self, codes):
+    def market_codes(self, codes: Strings = None):
         if codes is None:
             return codes
         result = []
@@ -3271,7 +3849,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def network_code_to_id(self, networkCode: str, currencyCode: Str = None):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         tries to convert the provided networkCode(which is expected to be an unified network code) to a network id. In order to achieve self, derived class needs to have 'options->networks' defined.
         :param str networkCode: unified network code
         :param str currencyCode: unified currency code, but self argument is not required by default, unless there is an exchange(like huobi) that needs an override of the method to be able to pass currencyCode argument additionally
@@ -3286,7 +3864,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
             if currencyCode is None:
                 currencies = list(self.currencies.values())
                 for i in range(0, len(currencies)):
-                    currency = [i]
+                    currency = currencies[i]
                     networks = self.safe_dict(currency, 'networks')
                     network = self.safe_dict(networks, networkCode)
                     networkId = self.safe_string(network, 'id')
@@ -3317,9 +3895,9 @@ class Exchange(object):
                 networkId = networkCode
         return networkId
 
-    def network_id_to_code(self, networkId: str, currencyCode: Str = None):
+    def network_id_to_code(self, networkId: Str = None, currencyCode: Str = None):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         tries to convert the provided exchange-specific networkId to an unified network Code. In order to achieve self, derived class needs to have "options['networksById']" defined.
         :param str networkId: exchange specific network id/title, like: TRON, Trc-20, usdt-erc20, etc
         :param str|None currencyCode: unified currency code, but self argument is not required by default, unless there is an exchange(like huobi) that needs an override of the method to be able to pass currencyCode argument additionally
@@ -3352,7 +3930,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
             defaultNetworkCode = defaultNetworks[currencyCode]
         else:
             # otherwise, try to use the global-scope 'defaultNetwork' value(even if that network is not supported by currency, it doesn't make any problem, self will be just used "at first" if currency supports self network at all)
-            defaultNetwork = self.safe_dict(self.options, 'defaultNetwork')
+            defaultNetwork = self.safe_string(self.options, 'defaultNetwork')
             if defaultNetwork is not None:
                 defaultNetworkCode = defaultNetwork
         return defaultNetworkCode
@@ -3404,28 +3982,43 @@ class Exchange(object):
             'nonce': None,
         }
 
-    def parse_ohlcvs(self, ohlcvs: List[object], market: Any = None, timeframe: str = '1m', since: Int = None, limit: Int = None):
+    def parse_ohlcvs(self, ohlcvs: List[object], market: Any = None, timeframe: str = '1m', since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, tail: Bool = False):
         results = []
         for i in range(0, len(ohlcvs)):
             results.append(self.parse_ohlcv(ohlcvs[i], market))
         sorted = self.sort_by(results, 0)
-        return self.filter_by_since_limit(sorted, since, limit, 0)
+        return self.filter_by_since_limit(sorted, since, limit, 0, tail)
 
-    def parse_leverage_tiers(self, response: List[object], symbols: List[str] = None, marketIdKey=None):
+    def parse_leverage_tiers(self, response: Any, symbols: List[str] = None, marketIdKey=None):
         # marketIdKey should only be None when response is a dictionary
         symbols = self.market_symbols(symbols)
         tiers = {}
-        for i in range(0, len(response)):
-            item = response[i]
-            id = self.safe_string(item, marketIdKey)
-            market = self.safe_market(id, None, None, 'swap')
-            symbol = market['symbol']
-            contract = self.safe_bool(market, 'contract', False)
-            if contract and ((symbols is None) or self.in_array(symbol, symbols)):
-                tiers[symbol] = self.parse_market_leverage_tiers(item, market)
+        symbolsLength = 0
+        if symbols is not None:
+            symbolsLength = len(symbols)
+        noSymbols = (symbols is None) or (symbolsLength == 0)
+        if isinstance(response, list):
+            for i in range(0, len(response)):
+                item = response[i]
+                id = self.safe_string(item, marketIdKey)
+                market = self.safe_market(id, None, None, 'swap')
+                symbol = market['symbol']
+                contract = self.safe_bool(market, 'contract', False)
+                if contract and (noSymbols or self.in_array(symbol, symbols)):
+                    tiers[symbol] = self.parse_market_leverage_tiers(item, market)
+        else:
+            keys = list(response.keys())
+            for i in range(0, len(keys)):
+                marketId = keys[i]
+                item = response[marketId]
+                market = self.safe_market(marketId, None, None, 'swap')
+                symbol = market['symbol']
+                contract = self.safe_bool(market, 'contract', False)
+                if contract and (noSymbols or self.in_array(symbol, symbols)):
+                    tiers[symbol] = self.parse_market_leverage_tiers(item, market)
         return tiers
 
-    def load_trading_limits(self, symbols: List[str] = None, reload=False, params={}):
+    def load_trading_limits(self, symbols: Strings = None, reload=False, params={}):
         if self.has['fetchTradingLimits']:
             if reload or not ('limitsLoaded' in self.options):
                 response = self.fetch_trading_limits(symbols)
@@ -3435,7 +4028,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
                 self.options['limitsLoaded'] = self.milliseconds()
         return self.markets
 
-    def safe_position(self, position):
+    def safe_position(self, position: dict):
         # simplified version of: /pull/12765/
         unrealizedPnlString = self.safe_string(position, 'unrealisedPnl')
         initialMarginString = self.safe_string(position, 'initialMargin')
@@ -3525,6 +4118,14 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def set_headers(self, headers):
         return headers
 
+    def currency_id(self, code: str):
+        currency = self.safe_dict(self.currencies, code)
+        if currency is None:
+            currency = self.safe_currency(code)
+        if currency is not None:
+            return currency['id']
+        return code
+
     def market_id(self, symbol: str):
         market = self.market(symbol)
         if market is not None:
@@ -3541,12 +4142,36 @@ class Exchange(object):
             params = self.omit(params, paramName)
         return [value, params]
 
+    def handle_param_string_2(self, params: object, paramName1: str, paramName2: str, defaultValue: Str = None):
+        value = self.safe_string_2(params, paramName1, paramName2, defaultValue)
+        if value is not None:
+            params = self.omit(params, [paramName1, paramName2])
+        return [value, params]
+
     def handle_param_integer(self, params: object, paramName: str, defaultValue: Int = None):
         value = self.safe_integer(params, paramName, defaultValue)
         if value is not None:
             params = self.omit(params, paramName)
         return [value, params]
 
+    def handle_param_integer_2(self, params: object, paramName1: str, paramName2: str, defaultValue: Int = None):
+        value = self.safe_integer_2(params, paramName1, paramName2, defaultValue)
+        if value is not None:
+            params = self.omit(params, [paramName1, paramName2])
+        return [value, params]
+
+    def handle_param_bool(self, params: object, paramName: str, defaultValue: Bool = None):
+        value = self.safe_bool(params, paramName, defaultValue)
+        if value is not None:
+            params = self.omit(params, paramName)
+        return [value, params]
+
+    def handle_param_bool_2(self, params: object, paramName1: str, paramName2: str, defaultValue: Bool = None):
+        value = self.safe_bool_2(params, paramName1, paramName2, defaultValue)
+        if value is not None:
+            params = self.omit(params, [paramName1, paramName2])
+        return [value, params]
+
     def resolve_path(self, path, params):
         return [
             self.implode_params(path, params),
@@ -3554,7 +4179,9 @@ class Exchange(object):
         ]
 
     def get_list_from_object_values(self, objects, key: IndexType):
-        newArray = self.to_array(objects)
+        newArray = objects
+        if not isinstance(objects, list):
+            newArray = self.to_array(objects)
         results = []
         for i in range(0, len(newArray)):
             results.append(newArray[i][key])
@@ -3595,7 +4222,23 @@ class Exchange(object):
         self.last_request_headers = request['headers']
         self.last_request_body = request['body']
         self.last_request_url = request['url']
-        return self.fetch(request['url'], request['method'], request['headers'], request['body'])
+        retries = None
+        retries, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, path, 'maxRetriesOnFailure', 0)
+        retryDelay = None
+        retryDelay, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, path, 'maxRetriesOnFailureDelay', 0)
+        for i in range(0, retries + 1):
+            try:
+                return self.fetch(request['url'], request['method'], request['headers'], request['body'])
+            except Exception as e:
+                if isinstance(e, NetworkError):
+                    if i < retries:
+                        if self.verbose:
+                            self.log('Request failed with the error: ' + str(e) + ', retrying ' + (i + str(1)) + ' of ' + str(retries) + '...')
+                        if (retryDelay is not None) and (retryDelay != 0):
+                            self.sleep(retryDelay)
+                        continue
+                raise e
+        return None  # self line is never reached, but exists for c# value return requirement
 
     def request(self, path, api: Any = 'public', method='GET', params={}, headers: Any = None, body: Any = None, config={}):
         return self.fetch2(path, api, method, params, headers, body, config)
@@ -3669,27 +4312,27 @@ class Exchange(object):
         return self.edit_order(id, symbol, 'limit', side, amount, price, params)
 
     def edit_order(self, id: str, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: Num = None, price: Num = None, params={}):
-        self.cancelOrder(id, symbol)
+        self.cancel_order(id, symbol)
         return self.create_order(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params)
 
-    def edit_order_ws(self, id: str, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, params={}):
-        self.cancelOrderWs(id, symbol)
-        return self.createOrderWs(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params)
-
-    def fetch_permissions(self, params={}):
-        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchPermissions() is not supported yet')
+    def edit_order_ws(self, id: str, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: Num = None, price: Num = None, params={}):
+        self.cancel_order_ws(id, symbol)
+        return self.create_order_ws(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params)
 
     def fetch_position(self, symbol: str, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchPosition() is not supported yet')
 
+    def fetch_position_ws(self, symbol: str, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchPositionWs() is not supported yet')
+
     def watch_position(self, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' watchPosition() is not supported yet')
 
-    def watch_positions(self, symbols: List[str] = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
+    def watch_positions(self, symbols: Strings = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' watchPositions() is not supported yet')
 
-    def watch_position_for_symbols(self, symbols: List[str] = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
-        return self.watchPositions(symbols, since, limit, params)
+    def watch_position_for_symbols(self, symbols: Strings = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
+        return self.watch_positions(symbols, since, limit, params)
 
     def fetch_positions_for_symbol(self, symbol: str, params={}):
         """
@@ -3700,13 +4343,25 @@ class Exchange(object):
         """
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchPositionsForSymbol() is not supported yet')
 
-    def fetch_positions(self, symbols: List[str] = None, params={}):
+    def fetch_positions_for_symbol_ws(self, symbol: str, params={}):
+        """
+        fetches all open positions for specific symbol, unlike fetchPositions(which is designed to work with multiple symbols) so self method might be preffered for one-market position, because of less rate-limit consumption and speed
+        :param str symbol: unified market symbol
+        :param dict params: extra parameters specific to the endpoint
+        :returns dict[]: a list of `position structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=position-structure>` with maximum 3 items - possible one position for "one-way" mode, and possible two positions(long & short) for "two-way"(a.k.a. hedge) mode
+        """
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchPositionsForSymbol() is not supported yet')
+
+    def fetch_positions(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchPositions() is not supported yet')
+
+    def fetch_positions_ws(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchPositions() is not supported yet')
 
-    def fetch_positions_risk(self, symbols: List[str] = None, params={}):
+    def fetch_positions_risk(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchPositionsRisk() is not supported yet')
 
-    def fetch_bids_asks(self, symbols: List[str] = None, params={}):
+    def fetch_bids_asks(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchBidsAsks() is not supported yet')
 
     def fetch_borrow_interest(self, code: Str = None, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
@@ -3735,11 +4390,11 @@ class Exchange(object):
         code = currencyId
         if currencyId is not None:
             code = self.common_currency_code(currencyId.upper())
-        return {
+        return self.safe_currency_structure({
             'id': currencyId,
             'code': code,
             'precision': None,
-        }
+        })
 
     def safe_market(self, marketId: Str, market: Market = None, delimiter: Str = None, marketType: Str = None):
         result = self.safe_market_structure({
@@ -3779,6 +4434,11 @@ class Exchange(object):
         return result
 
     def check_required_credentials(self, error=True):
+        """
+ @ignore
+        :param boolean error: raise an error that a credential is required if True
+        :returns boolean: True if all required credentials have been set, otherwise False or an error is thrown is param error=true
+        """
         keys = list(self.requiredCredentials.keys())
         for i in range(0, len(keys)):
             key = keys[i]
@@ -3823,33 +4483,21 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def fetch_status(self, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchStatus() is not supported yet')
 
-    def fetch_funding_fee(self, code: str, params={}):
-        warnOnFetchFundingFee = self.safe_bool(self.options, 'warnOnFetchFundingFee', True)
-        if warnOnFetchFundingFee:
-            raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchFundingFee() method is deprecated, it will be removed in July 2022, please, use fetchTransactionFee() or set exchange.options["warnOnFetchFundingFee"] = False to suppress self warning')
-        return self.fetch_transaction_fee(code, params)
-
-    def fetch_funding_fees(self, codes: List[str] = None, params={}):
-        warnOnFetchFundingFees = self.safe_bool(self.options, 'warnOnFetchFundingFees', True)
-        if warnOnFetchFundingFees:
-            raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchFundingFees() method is deprecated, it will be removed in July 2022. Please, use fetchTransactionFees() or set exchange.options["warnOnFetchFundingFees"] = False to suppress self warning')
-        return self.fetch_transaction_fees(codes, params)
-
     def fetch_transaction_fee(self, code: str, params={}):
         if not self.has['fetchTransactionFees']:
             raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchTransactionFee() is not supported yet')
         return self.fetch_transaction_fees([code], params)
 
-    def fetch_transaction_fees(self, codes: List[str] = None, params={}):
+    def fetch_transaction_fees(self, codes: Strings = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchTransactionFees() is not supported yet')
 
-    def fetch_deposit_withdraw_fees(self, codes: List[str] = None, params={}):
+    def fetch_deposit_withdraw_fees(self, codes: Strings = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchDepositWithdrawFees() is not supported yet')
 
     def fetch_deposit_withdraw_fee(self, code: str, params={}):
         if not self.has['fetchDepositWithdrawFees']:
             raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchDepositWithdrawFee() is not supported yet')
-        fees = self.fetchDepositWithdrawFees([code], params)
+        fees = self.fetch_deposit_withdraw_fees([code], params)
         return self.safe_value(fees, code)
 
     def get_supported_mapping(self, key, mapping={}):
@@ -3862,7 +4510,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
         self.load_markets()
         if not self.has['fetchBorrowRates']:
             raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchCrossBorrowRate() is not supported yet')
-        borrowRates = self.fetchCrossBorrowRates(params)
+        borrowRates = self.fetch_cross_borrow_rates(params)
         rate = self.safe_value(borrowRates, code)
         if rate is None:
             raise ExchangeError(self.id + ' fetchCrossBorrowRate() could not find the borrow rate for currency code ' + code)
@@ -3900,36 +4548,40 @@ class Exchange(object):
             value = value if (value is not None) else defaultValue
         return [value, params]
 
-    def handle_option_and_params_2(self, params: object, methodName: str, methodName2: str, optionName: str, defaultValue=None):
-        # This method can be used to obtain method specific properties, i.e: self.handle_option_and_params(params, 'fetchPosition', 'marginMode', 'isolated')
-        defaultOptionName = 'default' + self.capitalize(optionName)  # we also need to check the 'defaultXyzWhatever'
-        # check if params contain the key
-        value = self.safe_value_2(params, optionName, defaultOptionName)
+    def handle_option_and_params_2(self, params: object, methodName1: str, optionName1: str, optionName2: str, defaultValue=None):
+        value = None
+        value, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, methodName1, optionName1)
         if value is not None:
-            params = self.omit(params, [optionName, defaultOptionName])
-        else:
-            # check if exchange has properties for self method
-            exchangeWideMethodOptions = self.safe_value_2(self.options, methodName, methodName2)
-            if exchangeWideMethodOptions is not None:
-                # check if the option is defined inside self method's props
-                value = self.safe_value_2(exchangeWideMethodOptions, optionName, defaultOptionName)
-            if value is None:
-                # if it's still None, check if global exchange-wide option exists
-                value = self.safe_value_2(self.options, optionName, defaultOptionName)
-            # if it's still None, use the default value
-            value = value if (value is not None) else defaultValue
-        return [value, params]
+            # omit optionName2 too from params
+            params = self.omit(params, optionName2)
+            return [value, params]
+        # if still None, try optionName2
+        value2 = None
+        value2, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, methodName1, optionName2, defaultValue)
+        return [value2, params]
 
     def handle_option(self, methodName: str, optionName: str, defaultValue=None):
         # eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
         result, empty = self.handle_option_and_params({}, methodName, optionName, defaultValue)
         return result
 
-    def handle_market_type_and_params(self, methodName: str, market: Market = None, params={}):
+    def handle_market_type_and_params(self, methodName: str, market: Market = None, params={}, defaultValue=None):
+        """
+ @ignore
+ @param methodName the method calling handleMarketTypeAndParams
+        :param Market market:
+        :param dict params:
+        :param str [params.type]: type assigned by user
+        :param str [params.defaultType]: same.type
+        :param str [defaultValue]: assigned programatically in the method calling handleMarketTypeAndParams
+        :returns [str, dict]: the market type and params with type and defaultType omitted
+        """
         defaultType = self.safe_string_2(self.options, 'defaultType', 'type', 'spot')
+        if defaultValue is None:  # defaultValue takes precendence over exchange wide defaultType
+            defaultValue = defaultType
         methodOptions = self.safe_dict(self.options, methodName)
-        methodType = defaultType
-        if methodOptions is not None:
+        methodType = defaultValue
+        if methodOptions is not None:  # user defined methodType takes precedence over defaultValue
             if isinstance(methodOptions, str):
                 methodType = methodOptions
             else:
@@ -3962,7 +4614,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def handle_margin_mode_and_params(self, methodName: str, params={}, defaultValue=None):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
         :returns Array: the marginMode in lowercase by params["marginMode"], params["defaultMarginMode"] self.options["marginMode"] or self.options["defaultMarginMode"]
         """
@@ -3989,7 +4641,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
                     return key
         return None
 
-    def handle_errors(self, statusCode, statusText, url, method, responseHeaders, responseBody, response, requestHeaders, requestBody):
+    def handle_errors(self, statusCode: int, statusText: str, url: str, method: str, responseHeaders: dict, responseBody: str, response, requestHeaders, requestBody):
         # it is a stub method that must be overrided in the derived exchange classes
         # raise NotSupported(self.id + ' handleErrors() not implemented yet')
         return None
@@ -4011,18 +4663,58 @@ class Exchange(object):
         else:
             raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchTicker() is not supported yet')
 
+    def fetch_mark_price(self, symbol: str, params={}):
+        if self.has['fetchMarkPrices']:
+            self.load_markets()
+            market = self.market(symbol)
+            symbol = market['symbol']
+            tickers = self.fetch_mark_prices([symbol], params)
+            ticker = self.safe_dict(tickers, symbol)
+            if ticker is None:
+                raise NullResponse(self.id + ' fetchMarkPrices() could not find a ticker for ' + symbol)
+            else:
+                return ticker
+        else:
+            raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchMarkPrices() is not supported yet')
+
+    def fetch_ticker_ws(self, symbol: str, params={}):
+        if self.has['fetchTickersWs']:
+            self.load_markets()
+            market = self.market(symbol)
+            symbol = market['symbol']
+            tickers = self.fetch_tickers_ws([symbol], params)
+            ticker = self.safe_dict(tickers, symbol)
+            if ticker is None:
+                raise NullResponse(self.id + ' fetchTickerWs() could not find a ticker for ' + symbol)
+            else:
+                return ticker
+        else:
+            raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchTickerWs() is not supported yet')
+
     def watch_ticker(self, symbol: str, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' watchTicker() is not supported yet')
 
-    def fetch_tickers(self, symbols: List[str] = None, params={}):
+    def fetch_tickers(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchTickers() is not supported yet')
+
+    def fetch_mark_prices(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchMarkPrices() is not supported yet')
+
+    def fetch_tickers_ws(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchTickers() is not supported yet')
 
-    def fetch_order_books(self, symbols: List[str] = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
+    def fetch_order_books(self, symbols: Strings = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchOrderBooks() is not supported yet')
 
-    def watch_tickers(self, symbols: List[str] = None, params={}):
+    def watch_bids_asks(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' watchBidsAsks() is not supported yet')
+
+    def watch_tickers(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' watchTickers() is not supported yet')
 
+    def un_watch_tickers(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' unWatchTickers() is not supported yet')
+
     def fetch_order(self, id: str, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchOrder() is not supported yet')
 
@@ -4063,6 +4755,28 @@ class Exchange(object):
             return self.create_order(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params)
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createTrailingAmountOrder() is not supported yet')
 
+    def create_trailing_amount_order_ws(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, trailingAmount=None, trailingTriggerPrice=None, params={}):
+        """
+        create a trailing order by providing the symbol, type, side, amount, price and trailingAmount
+        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to create an order in
+        :param str type: 'market' or 'limit'
+        :param str side: 'buy' or 'sell'
+        :param float amount: how much you want to trade in units of the base currency, or number of contracts
+        :param float [price]: the price for the order to be filled at, in units of the quote currency, ignored in market orders
+        :param float trailingAmount: the quote amount to trail away from the current market price
+        :param float [trailingTriggerPrice]: the price to activate a trailing order, default uses the price argument
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: an `order structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
+        """
+        if trailingAmount is None:
+            raise ArgumentsRequired(self.id + ' createTrailingAmountOrderWs() requires a trailingAmount argument')
+        params['trailingAmount'] = trailingAmount
+        if trailingTriggerPrice is not None:
+            params['trailingTriggerPrice'] = trailingTriggerPrice
+        if self.has['createTrailingAmountOrderWs']:
+            return self.create_order_ws(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params)
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createTrailingAmountOrderWs() is not supported yet')
+
     def create_trailing_percent_order(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, trailingPercent=None, trailingTriggerPrice=None, params={}):
         """
         create a trailing order by providing the symbol, type, side, amount, price and trailingPercent
@@ -4085,6 +4799,28 @@ class Exchange(object):
             return self.create_order(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params)
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createTrailingPercentOrder() is not supported yet')
 
+    def create_trailing_percent_order_ws(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, trailingPercent=None, trailingTriggerPrice=None, params={}):
+        """
+        create a trailing order by providing the symbol, type, side, amount, price and trailingPercent
+        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to create an order in
+        :param str type: 'market' or 'limit'
+        :param str side: 'buy' or 'sell'
+        :param float amount: how much you want to trade in units of the base currency, or number of contracts
+        :param float [price]: the price for the order to be filled at, in units of the quote currency, ignored in market orders
+        :param float trailingPercent: the percent to trail away from the current market price
+        :param float [trailingTriggerPrice]: the price to activate a trailing order, default uses the price argument
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: an `order structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
+        """
+        if trailingPercent is None:
+            raise ArgumentsRequired(self.id + ' createTrailingPercentOrderWs() requires a trailingPercent argument')
+        params['trailingPercent'] = trailingPercent
+        if trailingTriggerPrice is not None:
+            params['trailingTriggerPrice'] = trailingTriggerPrice
+        if self.has['createTrailingPercentOrderWs']:
+            return self.create_order_ws(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params)
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createTrailingPercentOrderWs() is not supported yet')
+
     def create_market_order_with_cost(self, symbol: str, side: OrderSide, cost: float, params={}):
         """
         create a market order by providing the symbol, side and cost
@@ -4122,6 +4858,19 @@ class Exchange(object):
             return self.create_order(symbol, 'market', 'sell', cost, 1, params)
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createMarketSellOrderWithCost() is not supported yet')
 
+    def create_market_order_with_cost_ws(self, symbol: str, side: OrderSide, cost: float, params={}):
+        """
+        create a market order by providing the symbol, side and cost
+        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to create an order in
+        :param str side: 'buy' or 'sell'
+        :param float cost: how much you want to trade in units of the quote currency
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: an `order structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
+        """
+        if self.has['createMarketOrderWithCostWs'] or (self.has['createMarketBuyOrderWithCostWs'] and self.has['createMarketSellOrderWithCostWs']):
+            return self.create_order_ws(symbol, 'market', side, cost, 1, params)
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createMarketOrderWithCostWs() is not supported yet')
+
     def create_trigger_order(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, triggerPrice: Num = None, params={}):
         """
         create a trigger stop order(type 1)
@@ -4141,6 +4890,25 @@ class Exchange(object):
             return self.create_order(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params)
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createTriggerOrder() is not supported yet')
 
+    def create_trigger_order_ws(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, triggerPrice: Num = None, params={}):
+        """
+        create a trigger stop order(type 1)
+        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to create an order in
+        :param str type: 'market' or 'limit'
+        :param str side: 'buy' or 'sell'
+        :param float amount: how much you want to trade in units of the base currency or the number of contracts
+        :param float [price]: the price to fulfill the order, in units of the quote currency, ignored in market orders
+        :param float triggerPrice: the price to trigger the stop order, in units of the quote currency
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: an `order structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
+        """
+        if triggerPrice is None:
+            raise ArgumentsRequired(self.id + ' createTriggerOrderWs() requires a triggerPrice argument')
+        params['triggerPrice'] = triggerPrice
+        if self.has['createTriggerOrderWs']:
+            return self.create_order_ws(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params)
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createTriggerOrderWs() is not supported yet')
+
     def create_stop_loss_order(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, stopLossPrice: Num = None, params={}):
         """
         create a trigger stop loss order(type 2)
@@ -4160,6 +4928,25 @@ class Exchange(object):
             return self.create_order(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params)
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createStopLossOrder() is not supported yet')
 
+    def create_stop_loss_order_ws(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, stopLossPrice: Num = None, params={}):
+        """
+        create a trigger stop loss order(type 2)
+        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to create an order in
+        :param str type: 'market' or 'limit'
+        :param str side: 'buy' or 'sell'
+        :param float amount: how much you want to trade in units of the base currency or the number of contracts
+        :param float [price]: the price to fulfill the order, in units of the quote currency, ignored in market orders
+        :param float stopLossPrice: the price to trigger the stop loss order, in units of the quote currency
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: an `order structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
+        """
+        if stopLossPrice is None:
+            raise ArgumentsRequired(self.id + ' createStopLossOrderWs() requires a stopLossPrice argument')
+        params['stopLossPrice'] = stopLossPrice
+        if self.has['createStopLossOrderWs']:
+            return self.create_order_ws(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params)
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createStopLossOrderWs() is not supported yet')
+
     def create_take_profit_order(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, takeProfitPrice: Num = None, params={}):
         """
         create a trigger take profit order(type 2)
@@ -4179,6 +4966,25 @@ class Exchange(object):
             return self.create_order(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params)
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createTakeProfitOrder() is not supported yet')
 
+    def create_take_profit_order_ws(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, takeProfitPrice: Num = None, params={}):
+        """
+        create a trigger take profit order(type 2)
+        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to create an order in
+        :param str type: 'market' or 'limit'
+        :param str side: 'buy' or 'sell'
+        :param float amount: how much you want to trade in units of the base currency or the number of contracts
+        :param float [price]: the price to fulfill the order, in units of the quote currency, ignored in market orders
+        :param float takeProfitPrice: the price to trigger the take profit order, in units of the quote currency
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: an `order structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
+        """
+        if takeProfitPrice is None:
+            raise ArgumentsRequired(self.id + ' createTakeProfitOrderWs() requires a takeProfitPrice argument')
+        params['takeProfitPrice'] = takeProfitPrice
+        if self.has['createTakeProfitOrderWs']:
+            return self.create_order_ws(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params)
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createTakeProfitOrderWs() is not supported yet')
+
     def create_order_with_take_profit_and_stop_loss(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, takeProfit: Num = None, stopLoss: Num = None, params={}):
         """
         create an order with a stop loss or take profit attached(type 3)
@@ -4200,6 +5006,12 @@ class Exchange(object):
         :param float [params.stopLossAmount]: *not available on all exchanges* the amount for a stop loss
         :returns dict: an `order structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
         """
+        params = self.set_take_profit_and_stop_loss_params(symbol, type, side, amount, price, takeProfit, stopLoss, params)
+        if self.has['createOrderWithTakeProfitAndStopLoss']:
+            return self.create_order(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params)
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createOrderWithTakeProfitAndStopLoss() is not supported yet')
+
+    def set_take_profit_and_stop_loss_params(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, takeProfit: Num = None, stopLoss: Num = None, params={}):
         if (takeProfit is None) and (stopLoss is None):
             raise ArgumentsRequired(self.id + ' createOrderWithTakeProfitAndStopLoss() requires either a takeProfit or stopLoss argument')
         if takeProfit is not None:
@@ -4235,9 +5047,33 @@ class Exchange(object):
         if stopLossAmount is not None:
             params['stopLoss']['amount'] = self.parse_to_numeric(stopLossAmount)
         params = self.omit(params, ['takeProfitType', 'takeProfitPriceType', 'takeProfitLimitPrice', 'takeProfitAmount', 'stopLossType', 'stopLossPriceType', 'stopLossLimitPrice', 'stopLossAmount'])
-        if self.has['createOrderWithTakeProfitAndStopLoss']:
-            return self.create_order(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params)
-        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createOrderWithTakeProfitAndStopLoss() is not supported yet')
+        return params
+
+    def create_order_with_take_profit_and_stop_loss_ws(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, takeProfit: Num = None, stopLoss: Num = None, params={}):
+        """
+        create an order with a stop loss or take profit attached(type 3)
+        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to create an order in
+        :param str type: 'market' or 'limit'
+        :param str side: 'buy' or 'sell'
+        :param float amount: how much you want to trade in units of the base currency or the number of contracts
+        :param float [price]: the price to fulfill the order, in units of the quote currency, ignored in market orders
+        :param float [takeProfit]: the take profit price, in units of the quote currency
+        :param float [stopLoss]: the stop loss price, in units of the quote currency
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :param str [params.takeProfitType]: *not available on all exchanges* 'limit' or 'market'
+        :param str [params.stopLossType]: *not available on all exchanges* 'limit' or 'market'
+        :param str [params.takeProfitPriceType]: *not available on all exchanges* 'last', 'mark' or 'index'
+        :param str [params.stopLossPriceType]: *not available on all exchanges* 'last', 'mark' or 'index'
+        :param float [params.takeProfitLimitPrice]: *not available on all exchanges* limit price for a limit take profit order
+        :param float [params.stopLossLimitPrice]: *not available on all exchanges* stop loss for a limit stop loss order
+        :param float [params.takeProfitAmount]: *not available on all exchanges* the amount for a take profit
+        :param float [params.stopLossAmount]: *not available on all exchanges* the amount for a stop loss
+        :returns dict: an `order structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
+        """
+        params = self.set_take_profit_and_stop_loss_params(symbol, type, side, amount, price, takeProfit, stopLoss, params)
+        if self.has['createOrderWithTakeProfitAndStopLossWs']:
+            return self.create_order_ws(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params)
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createOrderWithTakeProfitAndStopLossWs() is not supported yet')
 
     def create_orders(self, orders: List[OrderRequest], params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createOrders() is not supported yet')
@@ -4257,11 +5093,17 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def cancel_all_orders(self, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' cancelAllOrders() is not supported yet')
 
+    def cancel_all_orders_after(self, timeout: Int, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' cancelAllOrdersAfter() is not supported yet')
+
+    def cancel_orders_for_symbols(self, orders: List[CancellationRequest], params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' cancelOrdersForSymbols() is not supported yet')
+
     def cancel_all_orders_ws(self, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' cancelAllOrdersWs() is not supported yet')
 
     def cancel_unified_order(self, order, params={}):
-        return self.cancelOrder(self.safe_string(order, 'id'), self.safe_string(order, 'symbol'), params)
+        return self.cancel_order(self.safe_string(order, 'id'), self.safe_string(order, 'symbol'), params)
 
     def fetch_orders(self, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
         if self.has['fetchOpenOrders'] and self.has['fetchClosedOrders']:
@@ -4285,7 +5127,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def fetch_open_orders_ws(self, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
         if self.has['fetchOrdersWs']:
-            orders = self.fetchOrdersWs(symbol, since, limit, params)
+            orders = self.fetch_orders_ws(symbol, since, limit, params)
             return self.filter_by(orders, 'status', 'open')
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchOpenOrdersWs() is not supported yet')
 
@@ -4300,7 +5142,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def fetch_closed_orders_ws(self, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
         if self.has['fetchOrdersWs']:
-            orders = self.fetchOrdersWs(symbol, since, limit, params)
+            orders = self.fetch_orders_ws(symbol, since, limit, params)
             return self.filter_by(orders, 'status', 'closed')
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchClosedOrdersWs() is not supported yet')
 
@@ -4322,6 +5164,15 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def fetch_greeks(self, symbol: str, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchGreeks() is not supported yet')
 
+    def fetch_option_chain(self, code: str, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchOptionChain() is not supported yet')
+
+    def fetch_option(self, symbol: str, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchOption() is not supported yet')
+
+    def fetch_convert_quote(self, fromCode: str, toCode: str, amount: Num = None, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchConvertQuote() is not supported yet')
+
     def fetch_deposits_withdrawals(self, code: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
         """
         fetch history of deposits and withdrawals
@@ -4365,7 +5216,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def fetch_deposit_address(self, code: str, params={}):
         if self.has['fetchDepositAddresses']:
-            depositAddresses = self.fetchDepositAddresses([code], params)
+            depositAddresses = self.fetch_deposit_addresses([code], params)
             depositAddress = self.safe_value(depositAddresses, code)
             if depositAddress is None:
                 raise InvalidAddress(self.id + ' fetchDepositAddress() could not find a deposit address for ' + code + ', make sure you have created a corresponding deposit address in your wallet on the exchange website')
@@ -4374,7 +5225,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
         elif self.has['fetchDepositAddressesByNetwork']:
             network = self.safe_string(params, 'network')
             params = self.omit(params, 'network')
-            addressStructures = self.fetchDepositAddressesByNetwork(code, params)
+            addressStructures = self.fetch_deposit_addresses_by_network(code, params)
             if network is not None:
                 return self.safe_dict(addressStructures, network)
             else:
@@ -4391,10 +5242,10 @@ class Exchange(object):
             'total': None,
         }
 
-    def common_currency_code(self, currency: str):
+    def common_currency_code(self, code: str):
         if not self.substituteCommonCurrencyCodes:
-            return currency
-        return self.safe_string(self.commonCurrencies, currency, currency)
+            return code
+        return self.safe_string(self.commonCurrencies, code, code)
 
     def currency(self, code: str):
         if self.currencies is None:
@@ -4420,7 +5271,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
                     return market
             return markets[0]
         elif (symbol.endswith('-C')) or (symbol.endswith('-P')) or (symbol.startswith('C-')) or (symbol.startswith('P-')):
-            return self.createExpiredOptionMarket(symbol)
+            return self.create_expired_option_market(symbol)
         raise BadSymbol(self.id + ' does not have market symbol ' + symbol)
 
     def create_expired_option_market(self, symbol: str):
@@ -4439,21 +5290,39 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def create_limit_order(self, symbol: str, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: float, params={}):
         return self.create_order(symbol, 'limit', side, amount, price, params)
 
+    def create_limit_order_ws(self, symbol: str, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: float, params={}):
+        return self.create_order_ws(symbol, 'limit', side, amount, price, params)
+
     def create_market_order(self, symbol: str, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, params={}):
         return self.create_order(symbol, 'market', side, amount, price, params)
 
+    def create_market_order_ws(self, symbol: str, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, params={}):
+        return self.create_order_ws(symbol, 'market', side, amount, price, params)
+
     def create_limit_buy_order(self, symbol: str, amount: float, price: float, params={}):
         return self.create_order(symbol, 'limit', 'buy', amount, price, params)
 
+    def create_limit_buy_order_ws(self, symbol: str, amount: float, price: float, params={}):
+        return self.create_order_ws(symbol, 'limit', 'buy', amount, price, params)
+
     def create_limit_sell_order(self, symbol: str, amount: float, price: float, params={}):
         return self.create_order(symbol, 'limit', 'sell', amount, price, params)
 
+    def create_limit_sell_order_ws(self, symbol: str, amount: float, price: float, params={}):
+        return self.create_order_ws(symbol, 'limit', 'sell', amount, price, params)
+
     def create_market_buy_order(self, symbol: str, amount: float, params={}):
         return self.create_order(symbol, 'market', 'buy', amount, None, params)
 
+    def create_market_buy_order_ws(self, symbol: str, amount: float, params={}):
+        return self.create_order_ws(symbol, 'market', 'buy', amount, None, params)
+
     def create_market_sell_order(self, symbol: str, amount: float, params={}):
         return self.create_order(symbol, 'market', 'sell', amount, None, params)
 
+    def create_market_sell_order_ws(self, symbol: str, amount: float, params={}):
+        return self.create_order_ws(symbol, 'market', 'sell', amount, None, params)
+
     def cost_to_precision(self, symbol: str, cost):
         market = self.market(symbol)
         return self.decimal_to_precision(cost, TRUNCATE, market['precision']['price'], self.precisionMode, self.paddingMode)
@@ -4484,9 +5353,10 @@ class Exchange(object):
             networkItem = self.safe_dict(networks, networkCode, {})
             precision = self.safe_value(networkItem, 'precision', precision)
         if precision is None:
-            return self.forceString(fee)
+            return self.force_string(fee)
         else:
-            return self.decimal_to_precision(fee, ROUND, precision, self.precisionMode, self.paddingMode)
+            roundingMode = self.safe_integer(self.options, 'currencyToPrecisionRoundingMode', ROUND)
+            return self.decimal_to_precision(fee, roundingMode, precision, self.precisionMode, self.paddingMode)
 
     def force_string(self, value):
         if not isinstance(value, str):
@@ -4502,7 +5372,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def is_significant_precision(self):
         return self.precisionMode == SIGNIFICANT_DIGITS
 
-    def safe_number(self, obj: object, key: IndexType, defaultNumber: Num = None):
+    def safe_number(self, obj, key: IndexType, defaultNumber: Num = None):
         value = self.safe_string(obj, key)
         return self.parse_number(value, defaultNumber)
 
@@ -4512,7 +5382,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def parse_precision(self, precision: str):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         :param str precision: The number of digits to the right of the decimal
         :returns str: a string number equal to 1e-precision
         """
@@ -4526,6 +5396,25 @@ class Exchange(object):
             parsedPrecision = parsedPrecision + '0'
         return parsedPrecision + '1'
 
+    def integer_precision_to_amount(self, precision: Str):
+        """
+ @ignore
+        handles positive & negative numbers too. parsePrecision() does not handle negative numbers, but self method handles
+        :param str precision: The number of digits to the right of the decimal
+        :returns str: a string number equal to 1e-precision
+        """
+        if precision is None:
+            return None
+        if Precise.string_ge(precision, '0'):
+            return self.parse_precision(precision)
+        else:
+            positivePrecisionString = Precise.string_abs(precision)
+            positivePrecision = int(positivePrecisionString)
+            parsedPrecision = '1'
+            for i in range(0, positivePrecision - 1):
+                parsedPrecision = parsedPrecision + '0'
+            return parsedPrecision + '0'
+
     def load_time_difference(self, params={}):
         serverTime = self.fetch_time(params)
         after = self.milliseconds()
@@ -4551,32 +5440,64 @@ class Exchange(object):
         query = self.extend(params, {'postOnly': True})
         return self.create_order(symbol, type, side, amount, price, query)
 
+    def create_post_only_order_ws(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, params={}):
+        if not self.has['createPostOnlyOrderWs']:
+            raise NotSupported(self.id + 'createPostOnlyOrderWs() is not supported yet')
+        query = self.extend(params, {'postOnly': True})
+        return self.create_order_ws(symbol, type, side, amount, price, query)
+
     def create_reduce_only_order(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, params={}):
         if not self.has['createReduceOnlyOrder']:
             raise NotSupported(self.id + 'createReduceOnlyOrder() is not supported yet')
         query = self.extend(params, {'reduceOnly': True})
         return self.create_order(symbol, type, side, amount, price, query)
 
-    def create_stop_order(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, stopPrice: Num = None, params={}):
+    def create_reduce_only_order_ws(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, params={}):
+        if not self.has['createReduceOnlyOrderWs']:
+            raise NotSupported(self.id + 'createReduceOnlyOrderWs() is not supported yet')
+        query = self.extend(params, {'reduceOnly': True})
+        return self.create_order_ws(symbol, type, side, amount, price, query)
+
+    def create_stop_order(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, triggerPrice: Num = None, params={}):
         if not self.has['createStopOrder']:
             raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createStopOrder() is not supported yet')
-        if stopPrice is None:
+        if triggerPrice is None:
             raise ArgumentsRequired(self.id + ' create_stop_order() requires a stopPrice argument')
-        query = self.extend(params, {'stopPrice': stopPrice})
+        query = self.extend(params, {'stopPrice': triggerPrice})
         return self.create_order(symbol, type, side, amount, price, query)
 
-    def create_stop_limit_order(self, symbol: str, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: float, stopPrice: float, params={}):
+    def create_stop_order_ws(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, triggerPrice: Num = None, params={}):
+        if not self.has['createStopOrderWs']:
+            raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createStopOrderWs() is not supported yet')
+        if triggerPrice is None:
+            raise ArgumentsRequired(self.id + ' createStopOrderWs() requires a stopPrice argument')
+        query = self.extend(params, {'stopPrice': triggerPrice})
+        return self.create_order_ws(symbol, type, side, amount, price, query)
+
+    def create_stop_limit_order(self, symbol: str, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: float, triggerPrice: float, params={}):
         if not self.has['createStopLimitOrder']:
             raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createStopLimitOrder() is not supported yet')
-        query = self.extend(params, {'stopPrice': stopPrice})
+        query = self.extend(params, {'stopPrice': triggerPrice})
         return self.create_order(symbol, 'limit', side, amount, price, query)
 
-    def create_stop_market_order(self, symbol: str, side: OrderSide, amount: float, stopPrice: float, params={}):
+    def create_stop_limit_order_ws(self, symbol: str, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: float, triggerPrice: float, params={}):
+        if not self.has['createStopLimitOrderWs']:
+            raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createStopLimitOrderWs() is not supported yet')
+        query = self.extend(params, {'stopPrice': triggerPrice})
+        return self.create_order_ws(symbol, 'limit', side, amount, price, query)
+
+    def create_stop_market_order(self, symbol: str, side: OrderSide, amount: float, triggerPrice: float, params={}):
         if not self.has['createStopMarketOrder']:
             raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createStopMarketOrder() is not supported yet')
-        query = self.extend(params, {'stopPrice': stopPrice})
+        query = self.extend(params, {'stopPrice': triggerPrice})
         return self.create_order(symbol, 'market', side, amount, None, query)
 
+    def create_stop_market_order_ws(self, symbol: str, side: OrderSide, amount: float, triggerPrice: float, params={}):
+        if not self.has['createStopMarketOrderWs']:
+            raise NotSupported(self.id + ' createStopMarketOrderWs() is not supported yet')
+        query = self.extend(params, {'stopPrice': triggerPrice})
+        return self.create_order_ws(symbol, 'market', side, amount, None, query)
+
     def safe_currency_code(self, currencyId: Str, currency: Currency = None):
         currency = self.safe_currency(currencyId, currency)
         return currency['code']
@@ -4614,22 +5535,23 @@ class Exchange(object):
         results = []
         if isinstance(pricesData, list):
             for i in range(0, len(pricesData)):
-                priceData = self.extend(self.parseLastPrice(pricesData[i]), params)
+                priceData = self.extend(self.parse_last_price(pricesData[i]), params)
                 results.append(priceData)
         else:
             marketIds = list(pricesData.keys())
             for i in range(0, len(marketIds)):
                 marketId = marketIds[i]
                 market = self.safe_market(marketId)
-                priceData = self.extend(self.parseLastPrice(pricesData[marketId], market), params)
+                priceData = self.extend(self.parse_last_price(pricesData[marketId], market), params)
                 results.append(priceData)
         symbols = self.market_symbols(symbols)
         return self.filter_by_array(results, 'symbol', symbols)
 
-    def parse_tickers(self, tickers, symbols: List[str] = None, params={}):
+    def parse_tickers(self, tickers, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
         #
         # the value of tickers is either a dict or a list
         #
+        #
         # dict
         #
         #     {
@@ -4663,7 +5585,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
         symbols = self.market_symbols(symbols)
         return self.filter_by_array(results, 'symbol', symbols)
 
-    def parse_deposit_addresses(self, addresses, codes: List[str] = None, indexed=True, params={}):
+    def parse_deposit_addresses(self, addresses, codes: Strings = None, indexed=True, params={}):
         result = []
         for i in range(0, len(addresses)):
             address = self.extend(self.parse_deposit_address(addresses[i]), params)
@@ -4671,7 +5593,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
         if codes is not None:
             result = self.filter_by_array(result, 'currency', codes, False)
         if indexed:
-            return self.index_by(result, 'currency')
+            result = self.filter_by_array(result, 'currency', None, indexed)
         return result
 
     def parse_borrow_interests(self, response, market: Market = None):
@@ -4681,6 +5603,27 @@ class Exchange(object):
             interests.append(self.parse_borrow_interest(row, market))
         return interests
 
+    def parse_borrow_rate(self, info, currency: Currency = None):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseBorrowRate() is not supported yet')
+
+    def parse_borrow_rate_history(self, response, code: Str, since: Int, limit: Int):
+        result = []
+        for i in range(0, len(response)):
+            item = response[i]
+            borrowRate = self.parse_borrow_rate(item)
+            result.append(borrowRate)
+        sorted = self.sort_by(result, 'timestamp')
+        return self.filter_by_currency_since_limit(sorted, code, since, limit)
+
+    def parse_isolated_borrow_rates(self, info: Any):
+        result = {}
+        for i in range(0, len(info)):
+            item = info[i]
+            borrowRate = self.parse_isolated_borrow_rate(item)
+            symbol = self.safe_string(borrowRate, 'symbol')
+            result[symbol] = borrowRate
+        return result
+
     def parse_funding_rate_histories(self, response, market=None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None):
         rates = []
         for i in range(0, len(response)):
@@ -4697,22 +5640,39 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def parse_funding_rate(self, contract: str, market: Market = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseFundingRate() is not supported yet')
 
-    def parse_funding_rates(self, response, market: Market = None):
-        result = {}
+    def parse_funding_rates(self, response, symbols: Strings = None):
+        fundingRates = {}
         for i in range(0, len(response)):
-            parsed = self.parse_funding_rate(response[i], market)
-            result[parsed['symbol']] = parsed
-        return result
+            entry = response[i]
+            parsed = self.parse_funding_rate(entry)
+            fundingRates[parsed['symbol']] = parsed
+        return self.filter_by_array(fundingRates, 'symbol', symbols)
 
-    def is_trigger_order(self, params):
+    def parse_long_short_ratio(self, info: dict, market: Market = None):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseLongShortRatio() is not supported yet')
+
+    def parse_long_short_ratio_history(self, response, market=None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None):
+        rates = []
+        for i in range(0, len(response)):
+            entry = response[i]
+            rates.append(self.parse_long_short_ratio(entry, market))
+        sorted = self.sort_by(rates, 'timestamp')
+        symbol = None if (market is None) else market['symbol']
+        return self.filter_by_symbol_since_limit(sorted, symbol, since, limit)
+
+    def handle_trigger_and_params(self, params):
         isTrigger = self.safe_bool_2(params, 'trigger', 'stop')
         if isTrigger:
             params = self.omit(params, ['trigger', 'stop'])
         return [isTrigger, params]
 
+    def is_trigger_order(self, params):
+        # for backwards compatibility
+        return self.handle_trigger_and_params(params)
+
     def is_post_only(self, isMarketOrder: bool, exchangeSpecificParam, params={}):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         :param str type: Order type
         :param boolean exchangeSpecificParam: exchange specific postOnly
         :param dict [params]: exchange specific params
@@ -4737,7 +5697,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def handle_post_only(self, isMarketOrder: bool, exchangeSpecificPostOnlyOption: bool, params: Any = {}):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         :param str type: Order type
         :param boolean exchangeSpecificBoolean: exchange specific postOnly
         :param dict [params]: exchange specific params
@@ -4761,7 +5721,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
                 return [True, params]
         return [False, params]
 
-    def fetch_last_prices(self, symbols: List[str] = None, params={}):
+    def fetch_last_prices(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchLastPrices() is not supported yet')
 
     def fetch_trading_fees(self, params={}):
@@ -4773,12 +5733,24 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def fetch_trading_fee(self, symbol: str, params={}):
         if not self.has['fetchTradingFees']:
             raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchTradingFee() is not supported yet')
-        return self.fetch_trading_fees(params)
+        fees = self.fetch_trading_fees(params)
+        return self.safe_dict(fees, symbol)
+
+    def fetch_convert_currencies(self, params={}):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchConvertCurrencies() is not supported yet')
 
     def parse_open_interest(self, interest, market: Market = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseOpenInterest() is not supported yet')
 
-    def parse_open_interests(self, response, market=None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None):
+    def parse_open_interests(self, response, symbols: Strings = None):
+        result = {}
+        for i in range(0, len(response)):
+            entry = response[i]
+            parsed = self.parse_open_interest(entry)
+            result[parsed['symbol']] = parsed
+        return self.filter_by_array(result, 'symbol', symbols)
+
+    def parse_open_interests_history(self, response, market=None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None):
         interests = []
         for i in range(0, len(response)):
             entry = response[i]
@@ -4795,7 +5767,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
             symbol = market['symbol']
             if not market['contract']:
                 raise BadSymbol(self.id + ' fetchFundingRate() supports contract markets only')
-            rates = self.fetchFundingRates([symbol], params)
+            rates = self.fetch_funding_rates([symbol], params)
             rate = self.safe_value(rates, symbol)
             if rate is None:
                 raise NullResponse(self.id + ' fetchFundingRate() returned no data for ' + symbol)
@@ -4804,6 +5776,22 @@ class Exchange(object):
         else:
             raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchFundingRate() is not supported yet')
 
+    def fetch_funding_interval(self, symbol: str, params={}):
+        if self.has['fetchFundingIntervals']:
+            self.load_markets()
+            market = self.market(symbol)
+            symbol = market['symbol']
+            if not market['contract']:
+                raise BadSymbol(self.id + ' fetchFundingInterval() supports contract markets only')
+            rates = self.fetch_funding_intervals([symbol], params)
+            rate = self.safe_value(rates, symbol)
+            if rate is None:
+                raise NullResponse(self.id + ' fetchFundingInterval() returned no data for ' + symbol)
+            else:
+                return rate
+        else:
+            raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchFundingInterval() is not supported yet')
+
     def fetch_mark_ohlcv(self, symbol, timeframe='1m', since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
         """
         fetches historical mark price candlestick data containing the open, high, low, and close price of a market
@@ -4815,7 +5803,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
         :returns float[][]: A list of candles ordered, open, high, low, close, None
         """
         if self.has['fetchMarkOHLCV']:
-            request = {
+            request: dict = {
                 'price': 'mark',
             }
             return self.fetch_ohlcv(symbol, timeframe, since, limit, self.extend(request, params))
@@ -4830,10 +5818,10 @@ class Exchange(object):
         :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest candle to fetch
         :param int [limit]: the maximum amount of candles to fetch
         :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
-         * @returns {} A list of candles ordered, open, high, low, close, None
+ @returns {} A list of candles ordered, open, high, low, close, None
         """
         if self.has['fetchIndexOHLCV']:
-            request = {
+            request: dict = {
                 'price': 'index',
             }
             return self.fetch_ohlcv(symbol, timeframe, since, limit, self.extend(request, params))
@@ -4851,7 +5839,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
         :returns float[][]: A list of candles ordered, open, high, low, close, None
         """
         if self.has['fetchPremiumIndexOHLCV']:
-            request = {
+            request: dict = {
                 'price': 'premiumIndex',
             }
             return self.fetch_ohlcv(symbol, timeframe, since, limit, self.extend(request, params))
@@ -4860,8 +5848,8 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def handle_time_in_force(self, params={}):
         """
-         * @ignore
-         * Must add timeInForce to self.options to use self method
+ @ignore
+ Must add timeInForce to self.options to use self method
         :returns str: returns the exchange specific value for timeInForce
         """
         timeInForce = self.safe_string_upper(params, 'timeInForce')  # supported values GTC, IOC, PO
@@ -4874,8 +5862,8 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def convert_type_to_account(self, account):
         """
-         * @ignore
-         * Must add accountsByType to self.options to use self method
+ @ignore
+ Must add accountsByType to self.options to use self method
         :param str account: key for account name in self.options['accountsByType']
         :returns: the exchange specific account name or the isolated margin id for transfers
         """
@@ -4891,7 +5879,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def check_required_argument(self, methodName: str, argument, argumentName, options=[]):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         :param str methodName: the name of the method that the argument is being checked for
         :param str argument: the argument's actual value provided
         :param str argumentName: the name of the argument being checked(for logging purposes)
@@ -4908,7 +5896,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def check_required_margin_argument(self, methodName: str, symbol: Str, marginMode: str):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market
         :param str methodName: name of the method that requires a symbol
         :param str marginMode: is either 'isolated' or 'cross'
@@ -4918,16 +5906,15 @@ class Exchange(object):
         elif (marginMode == 'cross') and (symbol is not None):
             raise ArgumentsRequired(self.id + ' ' + methodName + '() cannot have a symbol argument for cross margin')
 
-    def parse_deposit_withdraw_fees(self, response, codes: List[str] = None, currencyIdKey=None):
+    def parse_deposit_withdraw_fees(self, response, codes: Strings = None, currencyIdKey=None):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         :param object[]|dict response: unparsed response from the exchange
         :param str[]|None codes: the unified currency codes to fetch transactions fees for, returns all currencies when None
         :param str currencyIdKey: *should only be None when response is a dictionary* the object key that corresponds to the currency id
         :returns dict: objects with withdraw and deposit fees, indexed by currency codes
         """
         depositWithdrawFees = {}
-        codes = self.marketCodes(codes)
         isArray = isinstance(response, list)
         responseKeys = response
         if not isArray:
@@ -4936,10 +5923,10 @@ class Exchange(object):
             entry = responseKeys[i]
             dictionary = entry if isArray else response[entry]
             currencyId = self.safe_string(dictionary, currencyIdKey) if isArray else entry
-            currency = self.safe_value(self.currencies_by_id, currencyId)
-            code = self.safe_string(currency, 'code', currencyId)
+            currency = self.safe_currency(currencyId)
+            code = self.safe_string(currency, 'code')
             if (codes is None) or (self.in_array(code, codes)):
-                depositWithdrawFees[code] = self.parseDepositWithdrawFee(dictionary, currency)
+                depositWithdrawFees[code] = self.parse_deposit_withdraw_fee(dictionary, currency)
         return depositWithdrawFees
 
     def parse_deposit_withdraw_fee(self, fee, currency: Currency = None):
@@ -4961,7 +5948,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def assign_default_deposit_withdraw_fees(self, fee, currency=None):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         Takes a depositWithdrawFee structure and assigns the default values for withdraw and deposit
         :param dict fee: A deposit withdraw fee structure
         :param dict currency: A currency structure, the response from self.currency()
@@ -4986,7 +5973,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def parse_incomes(self, incomes, market=None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         parses funding fee info from exchange response
         :param dict[] incomes: each item describes once instance of currency being received or paid
         :param dict market: ccxt market
@@ -5002,7 +5989,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
         sorted = self.sort_by(result, 'timestamp')
         return self.filter_by_since_limit(sorted, since, limit)
 
-    def get_market_from_symbols(self, symbols: List[str] = None):
+    def get_market_from_symbols(self, symbols: Strings = None):
         if symbols is None:
             return None
         firstMarket = self.safe_string(symbols, 0)
@@ -5017,7 +6004,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
 
     def fetch_transactions(self, code: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
         """
-         * @deprecated
+ @deprecated
         *DEPRECATED* use fetchDepositsWithdrawals instead
         :param str code: unified currency code for the currency of the deposit/withdrawals, default is None
         :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest deposit/withdrawal, default is None
@@ -5026,20 +6013,20 @@ class Exchange(object):
         :returns dict: a list of `transaction structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=transaction-structure>`
         """
         if self.has['fetchDepositsWithdrawals']:
-            return self.fetchDepositsWithdrawals(code, since, limit, params)
+            return self.fetch_deposits_withdrawals(code, since, limit, params)
         else:
             raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchTransactions() is not supported yet')
 
     def filter_by_array_positions(self, objects, key: IndexType, values=None, indexed=True):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         Typed wrapper for filterByArray that returns a list of positions
         """
         return self.filter_by_array(objects, key, values, indexed)
 
     def filter_by_array_tickers(self, objects, key: IndexType, values=None, indexed=True):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         Typed wrapper for filterByArray that returns a dictionary of tickers
         """
         return self.filter_by_array(objects, key, values, indexed)
@@ -5059,7 +6046,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
             maxEntriesPerRequest = 1000  # default to 1000
         return [maxEntriesPerRequest, params]
 
-    def fetch_paginated_call_dynamic(self, method: str, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}, maxEntriesPerRequest: Int = None):
+    def fetch_paginated_call_dynamic(self, method: str, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}, maxEntriesPerRequest: Int = None, removeRepeated=True):
         maxCalls = None
         maxCalls, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, method, 'paginationCalls', 10)
         maxRetries = None
@@ -5067,6 +6054,8 @@ class Exchange(object):
         paginationDirection = None
         paginationDirection, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, method, 'paginationDirection', 'backward')
         paginationTimestamp = None
+        removeRepeatedOption = removeRepeated
+        removeRepeatedOption, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, method, 'removeRepeated', removeRepeated)
         calls = 0
         result = []
         errors = 0
@@ -5113,14 +6102,16 @@ class Exchange(object):
                     errors = 0
                     result = self.array_concat(result, response)
                     last = self.safe_value(response, responseLength - 1)
-                    paginationTimestamp = self.safe_integer(last, 'timestamp') - 1
+                    paginationTimestamp = self.safe_integer(last, 'timestamp') + 1
                     if (until is not None) and (paginationTimestamp >= until):
                         break
             except Exception as e:
                 errors += 1
                 if errors > maxRetries:
                     raise e
-        uniqueResults = self.remove_repeated_elements_from_array(result)
+        uniqueResults = result
+        if removeRepeatedOption:
+            uniqueResults = self.remove_repeated_elements_from_array(result)
         key = 0 if (method == 'fetchOHLCV') else 'timestamp'
         return self.filter_by_since_limit(uniqueResults, since, limit, key)
 
@@ -5128,18 +6119,19 @@ class Exchange(object):
         maxRetries = None
         maxRetries, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, method, 'maxRetries', 3)
         errors = 0
-        try:
-            if timeframe and method != 'fetchFundingRateHistory':
-                return getattr(self, method)(symbol, timeframe, since, limit, params)
-            else:
-                return getattr(self, method)(symbol, since, limit, params)
-        except Exception as e:
-            if isinstance(e, RateLimitExceeded):
-                raise e  # if we are rate limited, we should not retry and fail fast
-            errors += 1
-            if errors > maxRetries:
-                raise e
-        return None
+        while(errors <= maxRetries):
+            try:
+                if timeframe and method != 'fetchFundingRateHistory':
+                    return getattr(self, method)(symbol, timeframe, since, limit, params)
+                else:
+                    return getattr(self, method)(symbol, since, limit, params)
+            except Exception as e:
+                if isinstance(e, RateLimitExceeded):
+                    raise e  # if we are rate limited, we should not retry and fail fast
+                errors += 1
+                if errors > maxRetries:
+                    raise e
+        return []
 
     def fetch_paginated_call_deterministic(self, method: str, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, timeframe: Str = None, params={}, maxEntriesPerRequest=None):
         maxCalls = None
@@ -5152,6 +6144,8 @@ class Exchange(object):
         currentSince = current - (maxCalls * step) - 1
         if since is not None:
             currentSince = max(currentSince, since)
+        else:
+            currentSince = max(currentSince, 1241440531000)  # avoid timestamps older than 2009
         until = self.safe_integer_2(params, 'until', 'till')  # do not omit it here
         if until is not None:
             requiredCalls = int(math.ceil((until - since)) / step)
@@ -5160,6 +6154,8 @@ class Exchange(object):
         for i in range(0, maxCalls):
             if (until is not None) and (currentSince >= until):
                 break
+            if currentSince >= current:
+                break
             tasks.append(self.safe_deterministic_call(method, symbol, currentSince, maxEntriesPerRequest, timeframe, params))
             currentSince = self.sum(currentSince, step) - 1
         results = tasks
@@ -5180,28 +6176,44 @@ class Exchange(object):
         i = 0
         errors = 0
         result = []
+        timeframe = self.safe_string(params, 'timeframe')
+        params = self.omit(params, 'timeframe')  # reading the timeframe from the method arguments to avoid changing the signature
         while(i < maxCalls):
             try:
                 if cursorValue is not None:
                     if cursorIncrement is not None:
-                        cursorValue = self.parseToInt(cursorValue) + cursorIncrement
+                        cursorValue = self.parse_to_int(cursorValue) + cursorIncrement
                     params[cursorSent] = cursorValue
                 response = None
                 if method == 'fetchAccounts':
                     response = getattr(self, method)(params)
+                elif method == 'getLeverageTiersPaginated' or method == 'fetchPositions':
+                    response = getattr(self, method)(symbol, params)
+                elif method == 'fetchOpenInterestHistory':
+                    response = getattr(self, method)(symbol, timeframe, since, maxEntriesPerRequest, params)
                 else:
                     response = getattr(self, method)(symbol, since, maxEntriesPerRequest, params)
                 errors = 0
                 responseLength = len(response)
                 if self.verbose:
-                    iteration = (i + str(1))
-                    cursorMessage = 'Cursor pagination call ' + iteration + ' method ' + method + ' response length ' + str(responseLength) + ' cursor ' + cursorValue
+                    cursorString = '' if (cursorValue is None) else cursorValue
+                    iteration = (i + 1)
+                    cursorMessage = 'Cursor pagination call ' + str(iteration) + ' method ' + method + ' response length ' + str(responseLength) + ' cursor ' + cursorString
                     self.log(cursorMessage)
                 if responseLength == 0:
                     break
                 result = self.array_concat(result, response)
-                last = self.safe_value(response, responseLength - 1)
-                cursorValue = self.safe_value(last['info'], cursorReceived)
+                last = self.safe_dict(response, responseLength - 1)
+                # cursorValue = self.safe_value(last['info'], cursorReceived)
+                cursorValue = None  # search for the cursor
+                for j in range(0, responseLength):
+                    index = responseLength - j - 1
+                    entry = self.safe_dict(response, index)
+                    info = self.safe_dict(entry, 'info')
+                    cursor = self.safe_value(info, cursorReceived)
+                    if cursor is not None:
+                        cursorValue = cursor
+                        break
                 if cursorValue is None:
                     break
                 lastTimestamp = self.safe_integer(last, 'timestamp')
@@ -5212,7 +6224,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
                 if errors > maxRetries:
                     raise e
             i += 1
-        sorted = self.sortCursorPaginatedResult(result)
+        sorted = self.sort_cursor_paginated_result(result)
         key = 0 if (method == 'fetchOHLCV') else 'timestamp'
         return self.filter_by_since_limit(sorted, since, limit, key)
 
@@ -5243,7 +6255,7 @@ class Exchange(object):
                 if errors > maxRetries:
                     raise e
             i += 1
-        sorted = self.sortCursorPaginatedResult(result)
+        sorted = self.sort_cursor_paginated_result(result)
         key = 0 if (method == 'fetchOHLCV') else 'timestamp'
         return self.filter_by_since_limit(sorted, since, limit, key)
 
@@ -5278,13 +6290,16 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def handle_until_option(self, key: str, request, params, multiplier=1):
         until = self.safe_integer_2(params, 'until', 'till')
         if until is not None:
-            request[key] = self.parseToInt(until * multiplier)
+            request[key] = self.parse_to_int(until * multiplier)
             params = self.omit(params, ['until', 'till'])
         return [request, params]
 
-    def safe_open_interest(self, interest, market: Market = None):
+    def safe_open_interest(self, interest: dict, market: Market = None):
+        symbol = self.safe_string(interest, 'symbol')
+        if symbol is None:
+            symbol = self.safe_string(market, 'symbol')
         return self.extend(interest, {
-            'symbol': self.safe_string(market, 'symbol'),
+            'symbol': symbol,
             'baseVolume': self.safe_number(interest, 'baseVolume'),  # deprecated
             'quoteVolume': self.safe_number(interest, 'quoteVolume'),  # deprecated
             'openInterestAmount': self.safe_number(interest, 'openInterestAmount'),
@@ -5297,9 +6312,9 @@ class Exchange(object):
     def parse_liquidation(self, liquidation, market: Market = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseLiquidation() is not supported yet')
 
-    def parse_liquidations(self, liquidations, market=None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None):
+    def parse_liquidations(self, liquidations: List[dict], market: Market = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None):
         """
-         * @ignore
+ @ignore
         parses liquidation info from the exchange response
         :param dict[] liquidations: each item describes an instance of a liquidation event
         :param dict market: ccxt market
@@ -5310,17 +6325,33 @@ class Exchange(object):
         result = []
         for i in range(0, len(liquidations)):
             entry = liquidations[i]
-            parsed = self.parseLiquidation(entry, market)
+            parsed = self.parse_liquidation(entry, market)
             result.append(parsed)
         sorted = self.sort_by(result, 'timestamp')
         symbol = self.safe_string(market, 'symbol')
         return self.filter_by_symbol_since_limit(sorted, symbol, since, limit)
 
-    def parse_greeks(self, greeks, market: Market = None):
+    def parse_greeks(self, greeks: dict, market: Market = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseGreeks() is not supported yet')
 
+    def parse_option(self, chain: dict, currency: Currency = None, market: Market = None):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseOption() is not supported yet')
+
+    def parse_option_chain(self, response: List[object], currencyKey: Str = None, symbolKey: Str = None):
+        optionStructures = {}
+        for i in range(0, len(response)):
+            info = response[i]
+            currencyId = self.safe_string(info, currencyKey)
+            currency = self.safe_currency(currencyId)
+            marketId = self.safe_string(info, symbolKey)
+            market = self.safe_market(marketId, None, None, 'option')
+            optionStructures[market['symbol']] = self.parse_option(info, currency, market)
+        return optionStructures
+
     def parse_margin_modes(self, response: List[object], symbols: List[str] = None, symbolKey: Str = None, marketType: MarketType = None):
         marginModeStructures = {}
+        if marketType is None:
+            marketType = 'swap'  # default to swap
         for i in range(0, len(response)):
             info = response[i]
             marketId = self.safe_string(info, symbolKey)
@@ -5329,11 +6360,13 @@ class Exchange(object):
                 marginModeStructures[market['symbol']] = self.parse_margin_mode(info, market)
         return marginModeStructures
 
-    def parse_margin_mode(self, marginMode, market: Market = None):
+    def parse_margin_mode(self, marginMode: dict, market: Market = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseMarginMode() is not supported yet')
 
     def parse_leverages(self, response: List[object], symbols: List[str] = None, symbolKey: Str = None, marketType: MarketType = None):
         leverageStructures = {}
+        if marketType is None:
+            marketType = 'swap'  # default to swap
         for i in range(0, len(response)):
             info = response[i]
             marketId = self.safe_string(info, symbolKey)
@@ -5342,5 +6375,219 @@ class Exchange(object):
                 leverageStructures[market['symbol']] = self.parse_leverage(info, market)
         return leverageStructures
 
-    def parse_leverage(self, leverage, market: Market = None):
+    def parse_leverage(self, leverage: dict, market: Market = None):
         raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseLeverage() is not supported yet')
+
+    def parse_conversions(self, conversions: List[Any], code: Str = None, fromCurrencyKey: Str = None, toCurrencyKey: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
+        conversions = self.to_array(conversions)
+        result = []
+        fromCurrency = None
+        toCurrency = None
+        for i in range(0, len(conversions)):
+            entry = conversions[i]
+            fromId = self.safe_string(entry, fromCurrencyKey)
+            toId = self.safe_string(entry, toCurrencyKey)
+            if fromId is not None:
+                fromCurrency = self.safe_currency(fromId)
+            if toId is not None:
+                toCurrency = self.safe_currency(toId)
+            conversion = self.extend(self.parse_conversion(entry, fromCurrency, toCurrency), params)
+            result.append(conversion)
+        sorted = self.sort_by(result, 'timestamp')
+        currency = None
+        if code is not None:
+            currency = self.safe_currency(code)
+            code = currency['code']
+        if code is None:
+            return self.filter_by_since_limit(sorted, since, limit)
+        fromConversion = self.filter_by(sorted, 'fromCurrency', code)
+        toConversion = self.filter_by(sorted, 'toCurrency', code)
+        both = self.array_concat(fromConversion, toConversion)
+        return self.filter_by_since_limit(both, since, limit)
+
+    def parse_conversion(self, conversion: dict, fromCurrency: Currency = None, toCurrency: Currency = None):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseConversion() is not supported yet')
+
+    def convert_expire_date(self, date: str):
+        # parse YYMMDD to datetime string
+        year = date[0:2]
+        month = date[2:4]
+        day = date[4:6]
+        reconstructedDate = '20' + year + '-' + month + '-' + day + 'T00:00:00Z'
+        return reconstructedDate
+
+    def convert_expire_date_to_market_id_date(self, date: str):
+        # parse 240119 to 19JAN24
+        year = date[0:2]
+        monthRaw = date[2:4]
+        month = None
+        day = date[4:6]
+        if monthRaw == '01':
+            month = 'JAN'
+        elif monthRaw == '02':
+            month = 'FEB'
+        elif monthRaw == '03':
+            month = 'MAR'
+        elif monthRaw == '04':
+            month = 'APR'
+        elif monthRaw == '05':
+            month = 'MAY'
+        elif monthRaw == '06':
+            month = 'JUN'
+        elif monthRaw == '07':
+            month = 'JUL'
+        elif monthRaw == '08':
+            month = 'AUG'
+        elif monthRaw == '09':
+            month = 'SEP'
+        elif monthRaw == '10':
+            month = 'OCT'
+        elif monthRaw == '11':
+            month = 'NOV'
+        elif monthRaw == '12':
+            month = 'DEC'
+        reconstructedDate = day + month + year
+        return reconstructedDate
+
+    def convert_market_id_expire_date(self, date: str):
+        # parse 03JAN24 to 240103
+        monthMappping = {
+            'JAN': '01',
+            'FEB': '02',
+            'MAR': '03',
+            'APR': '04',
+            'MAY': '05',
+            'JUN': '06',
+            'JUL': '07',
+            'AUG': '08',
+            'SEP': '09',
+            'OCT': '10',
+            'NOV': '11',
+            'DEC': '12',
+        }
+        # if exchange omits first zero and provides i.e. '3JAN24' instead of '03JAN24'
+        if len(date) == 6:
+            date = '0' + date
+        year = date[0:2]
+        monthName = date[2:5]
+        month = self.safe_string(monthMappping, monthName)
+        day = date[5:7]
+        reconstructedDate = day + month + year
+        return reconstructedDate
+
+    def fetch_position_history(self, symbol: str, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
+        """
+        fetches the history of margin added or reduced from contract isolated positions
+        :param str [symbol]: unified market symbol
+        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the position
+        :param int [limit]: the maximum amount of candles to fetch, default=1000
+        :param dict params: extra parameters specific to the exchange api endpoint
+        :returns dict[]: a list of `position structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=position-structure>`
+        """
+        if self.has['fetchPositionsHistory']:
+            positions = self.fetch_positions_history([symbol], since, limit, params)
+            return positions
+        else:
+            raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchPositionHistory() is not supported yet')
+
+    def fetch_positions_history(self, symbols: Strings = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
+        """
+        fetches the history of margin added or reduced from contract isolated positions
+        :param str [symbol]: unified market symbol
+        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the position
+        :param int [limit]: the maximum amount of candles to fetch, default=1000
+        :param dict params: extra parameters specific to the exchange api endpoint
+        :returns dict[]: a list of `position structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=position-structure>`
+        """
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchPositionsHistory() is not supported yet')
+
+    def parse_margin_modification(self, data: dict, market: Market = None):
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' parseMarginModification() is not supported yet')
+
+    def parse_margin_modifications(self, response: List[object], symbols: Strings = None, symbolKey: Str = None, marketType: MarketType = None):
+        marginModifications = []
+        for i in range(0, len(response)):
+            info = response[i]
+            marketId = self.safe_string(info, symbolKey)
+            market = self.safe_market(marketId, None, None, marketType)
+            if (symbols is None) or self.in_array(market['symbol'], symbols):
+                marginModifications.append(self.parse_margin_modification(info, market))
+        return marginModifications
+
+    def fetch_transfer(self, id: str, code: Str = None, params={}):
+        """
+        fetches a transfer
+        :param str id: transfer id
+        :param [str] code: unified currency code
+        :param dict params: extra parameters specific to the exchange api endpoint
+        :returns dict: a `transfer structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=transfer-structure>`
+        """
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchTransfer() is not supported yet')
+
+    def fetch_transfers(self, code: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
+        """
+        fetches a transfer
+        :param str id: transfer id
+        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest transfer to fetch
+        :param int [limit]: the maximum amount of transfers to fetch
+        :param dict params: extra parameters specific to the exchange api endpoint
+        :returns dict: a `transfer structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=transfer-structure>`
+        """
+        raise NotSupported(self.id + ' fetchTransfers() is not supported yet')
+
+    def clean_unsubscription(self, client, subHash: str, unsubHash: str):
+        if unsubHash in client.subscriptions:
+            del client.subscriptions[unsubHash]
+        if subHash in client.subscriptions:
+            del client.subscriptions[subHash]
+        if subHash in client.futures:
+            error = UnsubscribeError(self.id + ' ' + subHash)
+            client.reject(error, subHash)
+        client.resolve(True, unsubHash)
+
+    def clean_cache(self, subscription: dict):
+        topic = self.safe_string(subscription, 'topic')
+        symbols = self.safe_list(subscription, 'symbols', [])
+        symbolsLength = len(symbols)
+        if topic == 'ohlcv':
+            symbolsAndTimeFrames = self.safe_list(subscription, 'symbolsAndTimeframes', [])
+            for i in range(0, len(symbolsAndTimeFrames)):
+                symbolAndTimeFrame = symbolsAndTimeFrames[i]
+                symbol = self.safe_string(symbolAndTimeFrame, 0)
+                timeframe = self.safe_string(symbolAndTimeFrame, 1)
+                if symbol in self.ohlcvs:
+                    if timeframe in self.ohlcvs[symbol]:
+                        del self.ohlcvs[symbol][timeframe]
+        elif symbolsLength > 0:
+            for i in range(0, len(symbols)):
+                symbol = symbols[i]
+                if topic == 'trades':
+                    if symbol in self.trades:
+                        del self.trades[symbol]
+                elif topic == 'orderbook':
+                    if symbol in self.orderbooks:
+                        del self.orderbooks[symbol]
+                elif topic == 'ticker':
+                    if symbol in self.tickers:
+                        del self.tickers[symbol]
+        else:
+            if topic == 'myTrades':
+                # don't reset self.myTrades directly here
+                # because in c# we need to use a different object(thread-safe dict)
+                keys = list(self.myTrades.keys())
+                for i in range(0, len(keys)):
+                    key = keys[i]
+                    if key in self.myTrades:
+                        del self.myTrades[key]
+            elif topic == 'orders':
+                orderSymbols = list(self.orders.keys())
+                for i in range(0, len(orderSymbols)):
+                    orderSymbol = orderSymbols[i]
+                    if orderSymbol in self.orders:
+                        del self.orders[orderSymbol]
+            elif topic == 'ticker':
+                tickerSymbols = list(self.tickers.keys())
+                for i in range(0, len(tickerSymbols)):
+                    tickerSymbol = tickerSymbols[i]
+                    if tickerSymbol in self.tickers:
+                        del self.tickers[tickerSymbol]