bplusplus 1.2.2__py3-none-any.whl → 1.2.3__py3-none-any.whl

bplusplus/inference.py

@@ -0,0 +1,891 @@
+import cv2
+import time
+import os
+import sys
+import numpy as np
+import json
+import pandas as pd
+from datetime import datetime
+from pathlib import Path
+from .tracker import InsectTracker
+import torch
+from ultralytics import YOLO
+from torchvision import transforms
+from PIL import Image
+import torch.nn as nn
+from torchvision.models import resnet50
+import requests
+import logging
+from collections import defaultdict
+import uuid
+
+# Set up logging
+logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# ============================================================================
+# UTILITY FUNCTIONS
+# ============================================================================
+
+def get_taxonomy(species_list):
+    """
+    Retrieves taxonomic information for a list of species from GBIF API.
+    Creates a hierarchical taxonomy dictionary with family, genus, and species relationships.
+    """
+    taxonomy = {1: [], 2: {}, 3: {}}
+    species_to_genus = {}
+    genus_to_family = {}
+    
+    logger.info(f"Building taxonomy from GBIF for {len(species_list)} species")
+    
+    print(f"\n{'Species':<30} {'Family':<20} {'Genus':<20} {'Status'}")
+    print("-" * 80)
+    
+    for species_name in species_list:
+        url = f"https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name={species_name}&verbose=true"
+        try:
+            response = requests.get(url)
+            data = response.json()
+            
+            if data.get('status') in ['ACCEPTED', 'SYNONYM']:
+                family = data.get('family')
+                genus = data.get('genus')
+                
+                if family and genus:
+                    print(f"{species_name:<30} {family:<20} {genus:<20} OK")
+                    
+                    species_to_genus[species_name] = genus
+                    genus_to_family[genus] = family
+                    
+                    if family not in taxonomy[1]:
+                        taxonomy[1].append(family)
+                    
+                    taxonomy[2][genus] = family
+                    taxonomy[3][species_name] = genus
+                else:
+                    print(f"{species_name:<30} {'Not found':<20} {'Not found':<20} ERROR")
+                    logger.error(f"Species '{species_name}' found but missing family/genus data")
+            else:
+                print(f"{species_name:<30} {'Not found':<20} {'Not found':<20} ERROR")
+                logger.error(f"Species '{species_name}' not found in GBIF")
+                
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"{species_name:<30} {'Error':<20} {'Error':<20} FAILED")
+            logger.error(f"Error retrieving data for '{species_name}': {str(e)}")
+    
+    taxonomy[1] = sorted(list(set(taxonomy[1])))
+    print("-" * 80)
+    
+    # Print indices
+    for level, name, items in [(1, "Family", taxonomy[1]), (2, "Genus", taxonomy[2].keys()), (3, "Species", species_list)]:
+        print(f"\n{name} indices:")
+        for i, item in enumerate(items):
+            print(f"  {i}: {item}")
+    
+    logger.info(f"Taxonomy built: {len(taxonomy[1])} families, {len(taxonomy[2])} genera, {len(taxonomy[3])} species")
+    return taxonomy, species_to_genus, genus_to_family
+
+def create_mappings(taxonomy):
+    """Create index mappings from taxonomy"""
+    level_to_idx = {}
+    idx_to_level = {}
+
+    for level, labels in taxonomy.items():
+        if isinstance(labels, list):
+            level_to_idx[level] = {label: idx for idx, label in enumerate(labels)}
+            idx_to_level[level] = {idx: label for idx, label in enumerate(labels)}
+        else:  # Dictionary
+            level_to_idx[level] = {label: idx for idx, label in enumerate(labels.keys())}
+            idx_to_level[level] = {idx: label for idx, label in enumerate(labels.keys())}
+    
+    return level_to_idx, idx_to_level
+
+# ============================================================================
+# MODEL CLASSES
+# ============================================================================
+
+class HierarchicalInsectClassifier(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, num_classes_per_level):
+        """
+        Args:
+            num_classes_per_level (list): Number of classes for each taxonomic level [family, genus, species]
+        """
+        super(HierarchicalInsectClassifier, self).__init__()
+        
+        self.backbone = resnet50(pretrained=True)
+        backbone_output_features = self.backbone.fc.in_features
+        self.backbone.fc = nn.Identity()  # Remove the final fully connected layer
+        
+        self.branches = nn.ModuleList()
+        for num_classes in num_classes_per_level:
+            branch = nn.Sequential(
+                nn.Linear(backbone_output_features, 512),
+                nn.ReLU(),
+                nn.Dropout(0.5),
+                nn.Linear(512, num_classes)
+            )
+            self.branches.append(branch)
+        
+        self.num_levels = len(num_classes_per_level)
+        
+    def forward(self, x):
+        R0 = self.backbone(x)
+        
+        outputs = []
+        for branch in self.branches:
+            outputs.append(branch(R0))
+            
+        return outputs
+
+# ============================================================================
+# VISUALIZATION UTILITIES
+# ============================================================================
+
+class FrameVisualizer:
+    """Modern, slick visualization system for insect detection and tracking"""
+    
+    # Modern color palette - vibrant but professional
+    COLORS = [
+        (68, 189, 50),    # Vibrant Green
+        (255, 59, 48),    # Red
+        (0, 122, 255),    # Blue  
+        (255, 149, 0),    # Orange
+        (175, 82, 222),   # Purple
+        (255, 204, 0),    # Yellow
+        (50, 173, 230),   # Light Blue
+        (255, 45, 85),    # Pink
+        (48, 209, 88),    # Light Green
+        (90, 200, 250),   # Sky Blue
+        (255, 159, 10),   # Amber
+        (191, 90, 242),   # Lavender
+    ]
+    
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_track_color(track_id):
+        """Get a consistent, vibrant color for a track ID"""
+        if track_id is None:
+            return (68, 189, 50)  # Default green for untracked
+        
+        # Generate consistent index from track_id
+        try:
+            track_uuid = uuid.UUID(track_id)
+        except (ValueError, TypeError):
+            track_uuid = uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, str(track_id))
+            
+        color_index = track_uuid.int % len(FrameVisualizer.COLORS)
+        return FrameVisualizer.COLORS[color_index]
+    
+    @staticmethod
+    def draw_rounded_rectangle(frame, pt1, pt2, color, thickness, radius=8):
+        """Draw a rounded rectangle"""
+        x1, y1 = pt1
+        x2, y2 = pt2
+        
+        # Draw main rectangle
+        cv2.rectangle(frame, (x1 + radius, y1), (x2 - radius, y2), color, thickness)
+        cv2.rectangle(frame, (x1, y1 + radius), (x2, y2 - radius), color, thickness)
+        
+        # Draw corners
+        cv2.circle(frame, (x1 + radius, y1 + radius), radius, color, thickness)
+        cv2.circle(frame, (x2 - radius, y1 + radius), radius, color, thickness)
+        cv2.circle(frame, (x1 + radius, y2 - radius), radius, color, thickness)
+        cv2.circle(frame, (x2 - radius, y2 - radius), radius, color, thickness)
+    
+    @staticmethod
+    def draw_gradient_background(frame, x1, y1, x2, y2, color, alpha=0.85):
+        """Draw a modern gradient background with rounded corners"""
+        overlay = frame.copy()
+        
+        # Create gradient effect
+        height = y2 - y1
+        for i in range(height):
+            intensity = 1.0 - (i / height) * 0.3  # Gradient from top to bottom
+            gradient_color = tuple(int(c * intensity) for c in color)
+            cv2.rectangle(overlay, (x1, y1 + i), (x2, y1 + i + 1), gradient_color, -1)
+        
+        # Blend with original frame
+        cv2.addWeighted(overlay, alpha, frame, 1 - alpha, 0, frame)
+    
+    @staticmethod
+    def draw_detection_on_frame(frame, x1, y1, x2, y2, track_id, detection_data):
+        """Draw modern, sleek detection visualization"""
+        
+        # Get colors
+        primary_color = FrameVisualizer.get_track_color(track_id)
+        
+        # Simple, clean bounding box
+        box_thickness = 2
+        
+        # Draw single clean rectangle
+        cv2.rectangle(frame, (int(x1), int(y1)), (int(x2), int(y2)), primary_color, box_thickness)
+        
+        # Prepare label content without emojis
+        if track_id is not None:
+            track_short = str(track_id)[:8]
+            track_display = f"ID: {track_short}"
+        else:
+            track_display = "NEW"
+        
+        # Classification results without icons
+        classification_lines = []
+        
+        for level, key in [("family", "family_confidence"), 
+                          ("genus", "genus_confidence"), 
+                          ("species", "species_confidence")]:
+            if detection_data.get(level):
+                conf = detection_data.get(key, 0)
+                name = detection_data[level]
+                # Truncate long names
+                if len(name) > 18:
+                    name = name[:15] + "..."
+                level_short = level[0].upper()  # F, G, S
+                classification_lines.append(f"{level_short}: {name}")
+                classification_lines.append(f"   {conf:.1%}")
+        
+        if not classification_lines and track_id is None:
+            return
+        
+        # Calculate label box dimensions with smaller, lighter font
+        font = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX
+        font_scale = 0.45
+        thickness = 1
+        padding = 8
+        line_spacing = 6
+        
+        # Calculate text dimensions
+        all_lines = [track_display] + classification_lines
+        text_sizes = [cv2.getTextSize(line, font, font_scale, thickness)[0] for line in all_lines]
+        max_w = max(size[0] for size in text_sizes) if text_sizes else 100
+        text_h = text_sizes[0][1] if text_sizes else 20
+        
+        total_h = len(all_lines) * (text_h + line_spacing) + padding * 2
+        label_w = max_w + padding * 2
+        
+        # Position label box (above bbox, or below if no space)
+        label_x1 = max(0, int(x1))
+        label_y1 = max(0, int(y1) - total_h - 5)
+        if label_y1 < 0:
+            label_y1 = int(y2) + 5
+        
+        label_x2 = min(frame.shape[1], label_x1 + label_w)
+        label_y2 = min(frame.shape[0], label_y1 + total_h)
+        
+        # Draw modern gradient background with rounded corners
+        FrameVisualizer.draw_gradient_background(frame, label_x1, label_y1, label_x2, label_y2, 
+                                               (20, 20, 20), alpha=0.88)
+        
+        # Add subtle border
+        FrameVisualizer.draw_rounded_rectangle(frame, 
+                                             (label_x1, label_y1), 
+                                             (label_x2, label_y2), 
+                                             primary_color, 1, radius=6)
+        
+        # Draw text with modern styling
+        current_y = label_y1 + padding + text_h
+        
+        for i, line in enumerate(all_lines):
+            if i == 0:  # Track ID line - use primary color
+                text_color = primary_color
+                line_thickness = 1
+            elif "%" in line:  # Confidence lines - use lighter color
+                text_color = (160, 160, 160)
+                line_thickness = 1
+            else:  # Classification name lines - use white
+                text_color = (255, 255, 255)
+                line_thickness = 1
+            
+            # Add subtle text shadow for readability
+            cv2.putText(frame, line, (label_x1 + padding + 1, current_y + 1), 
+                       font, font_scale, (0, 0, 0), 1, cv2.LINE_AA)
+            
+            # Main text
+            cv2.putText(frame, line, (label_x1 + padding, current_y), 
+                       font, font_scale, text_color, line_thickness, cv2.LINE_AA)
+            
+            current_y += text_h + line_spacing
+
+# ============================================================================
+# MAIN PROCESSING CLASS
+# ============================================================================
+
+class VideoInferenceProcessor:
+    def __init__(self, species_list, yolo_model_path, hierarchical_model_path, 
+                 confidence_threshold=0.35, device_id="video_processor"):
+        
+        self.device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
+        self.species_list = species_list
+        self.confidence_threshold = confidence_threshold
+        self.device_id = device_id
+        
+        print(f"Using device: {self.device}")
+        
+        # Build taxonomy from species list
+        self.taxonomy, self.species_to_genus, self.genus_to_family = get_taxonomy(species_list)
+        self.level_to_idx, self.idx_to_level = create_mappings(self.taxonomy)
+        self.family_list = self.taxonomy[1]
+        self.genus_list = list(self.taxonomy[2].keys())
+        
+        # Load models
+        print(f"Loading YOLO model from {yolo_model_path}")
+        self.yolo_model = YOLO(yolo_model_path)
+        
+        print(f"Loading hierarchical model from {hierarchical_model_path}")
+        checkpoint = torch.load(hierarchical_model_path, map_location='cpu')
+        state_dict = checkpoint.get("model_state_dict", checkpoint)
+        
+        num_classes_per_level = [len(self.family_list), len(self.genus_list), len(self.species_list)]
+        print(f"Model architecture: {num_classes_per_level} classes per level")
+        
+        self.classification_model = HierarchicalInsectClassifier(num_classes_per_level)
+        self.classification_model.load_state_dict(state_dict, strict=False)
+        self.classification_model.to(self.device)
+        self.classification_model.eval()
+        
+        # Classification preprocessing
+        self.classification_transform = transforms.Compose([
+            transforms.Resize((768, 768)),
+            transforms.CenterCrop(640),
+            transforms.ToTensor(),
+            transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
+        ])
+        
+        self.all_detections = []
+        self.frame_count = 0
+        print("Models loaded successfully!")
+    
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # UTILITY METHODS
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    
+    def convert_bbox_to_normalized(self, x, y, x2, y2, width, height):
+        x_center = (x + x2) / 2.0 / width
+        y_center = (y + y2) / 2.0 / height
+        norm_width = (x2 - x) / width
+        norm_height = (y2 - y) / height
+        return [x_center, y_center, norm_width, norm_height]
+    
+    def store_detection(self, detection_data, timestamp, frame_time_seconds, track_id, bbox):
+        """Store detection for final aggregation"""
+        payload = {
+            "timestamp": timestamp,
+            "frame_time_seconds": frame_time_seconds,
+            "track_id": track_id,
+            "bbox": bbox,
+            **detection_data
+        }
+        
+        self.all_detections.append(payload)
+        
+        # Print frame-by-frame prediction (only for processed frames)
+        track_display = str(track_id)[:8] if track_id else "NEW"
+        species = payload.get('species', 'Unknown')
+        species_conf = payload.get('species_confidence', 0)
+        print(f"Processed {frame_time_seconds:6.2f}s | Track {track_display} | {species} ({species_conf:.1%})")
+    
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION METHODS
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    
+    def process_classification_results(self, classification_outputs):
+        """Process raw classification outputs to get predictions and probabilities"""
+        family_output = classification_outputs[0].cpu().numpy().flatten()
+        genus_output = classification_outputs[1].cpu().numpy().flatten()  
+        species_output = classification_outputs[2].cpu().numpy().flatten()
+        
+        # Apply softmax to get probabilities
+        family_probs = torch.softmax(classification_outputs[0], dim=1).cpu().numpy().flatten()
+        genus_probs = torch.softmax(classification_outputs[1], dim=1).cpu().numpy().flatten()
+        species_probs = torch.softmax(classification_outputs[2], dim=1).cpu().numpy().flatten()
+        
+        # Get top predictions
+        family_idx = np.argmax(family_probs)
+        genus_idx = np.argmax(genus_probs)
+        species_idx = np.argmax(species_probs)
+        
+        # Get names
+        family_name = self.family_list[family_idx] if family_idx < len(self.family_list) else f"Family_{family_idx}"
+        genus_name = self.genus_list[genus_idx] if genus_idx < len(self.genus_list) else f"Genus_{genus_idx}"
+        species_name = self.species_list[species_idx] if species_idx < len(self.species_list) else f"Species_{species_idx}"
+        
+        detection_data = {
+            "family": family_name,
+            "genus": genus_name, 
+            "species": species_name,
+            "family_confidence": float(family_probs[family_idx]),
+            "genus_confidence": float(genus_probs[genus_idx]),
+            "species_confidence": float(species_probs[species_idx]),
+            "family_probs": family_probs.tolist(),
+            "genus_probs": genus_probs.tolist(),
+            "species_probs": species_probs.tolist()
+        }
+        
+        return detection_data
+    
+    def _extract_yolo_detections(self, frame):
+        """Extract and validate YOLO detections from frame"""
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            results = self.yolo_model(frame, conf=self.confidence_threshold, iou=0.5, verbose=False)
+        
+        detections = results[0].boxes
+        valid_detections = []
+        valid_detection_data = []
+        
+        if detections is not None and len(detections) > 0:
+            height, width = frame.shape[:2]
+            
+            for box in detections:
+                xyxy = box.xyxy.cpu().numpy().flatten()
+                confidence = box.conf.cpu().numpy().item()
+                
+                if confidence < self.confidence_threshold:
+                    continue
+                
+                x1, y1, x2, y2 = xyxy[:4]
+                
+                # Clamp coordinates
+                x1, y1, x2, y2 = max(0, x1), max(0, y1), min(width, x2), min(height, y2)
+                
+                if x2 <= x1 or y2 <= y1:
+                    continue
+                
+                # Store detection for tracking (x1, y1, x2, y2 format)
+                valid_detections.append([x1, y1, x2, y2])
+                valid_detection_data.append({
+                    'x1': x1, 'y1': y1, 'x2': x2, 'y2': y2,
+                    'confidence': confidence
+                })
+        
+        return valid_detections, valid_detection_data
+    
+    def _classify_detection(self, frame, x1, y1, x2, y2):
+        """Perform hierarchical classification on a detection crop"""
+        crop = frame[int(y1):int(y2), int(x1):int(x2)]
+        crop_rgb = cv2.cvtColor(crop, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
+        pil_img = Image.fromarray(crop_rgb)
+        input_tensor = self.classification_transform(pil_img).unsqueeze(0).to(self.device)
+        
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            classification_outputs = self.classification_model(input_tensor)
+        
+        return self.process_classification_results(classification_outputs)
+    
+    def _process_single_detection(self, frame, det_data, track_id, frame_time_seconds):
+        """Process a single detection: classify, store, and visualize"""
+        x1, y1, x2, y2 = det_data['x1'], det_data['y1'], det_data['x2'], det_data['y2']
+        height, width = frame.shape[:2]
+        
+        # Perform classification
+        detection_data = self._classify_detection(frame, x1, y1, x2, y2)
+        
+        # Store detection for aggregation
+        bbox = self.convert_bbox_to_normalized(x1, y1, x2, y2, width, height)
+        timestamp = datetime.now().isoformat()
+        self.store_detection(detection_data, timestamp, frame_time_seconds, track_id, bbox)
+        
+        # Visualization
+        FrameVisualizer.draw_detection_on_frame(frame, x1, y1, x2, y2, track_id, detection_data)
+
+    def process_frame(self, frame, frame_time_seconds, tracker, global_frame_count):
+        """Process a single frame from the video."""
+        self.frame_count += 1
+        
+        # Extract YOLO detections
+        valid_detections, valid_detection_data = self._extract_yolo_detections(frame)
+        
+        # Update tracker with detections
+        track_ids = tracker.update(valid_detections, global_frame_count)
+        
+        # Process each detection with its track ID
+        for i, det_data in enumerate(valid_detection_data):
+            track_id = track_ids[i] if i < len(track_ids) else None
+            self._process_single_detection(frame, det_data, track_id, frame_time_seconds)
+        
+        return frame
+    
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # AGGREGATION AND RESULTS METHODS
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def hierarchical_aggregation(self):
+        """
+        Perform hierarchical aggregation of results per track ID.
+        
+        CONFIDENCE CALCULATION EXPLANATION:
+        1. For each track, average the softmax probabilities across all detections
+        2. Use hierarchical selection: 
+           - Find best family (highest averaged family probability)
+           - Find best genus within that family (highest averaged genus probability among genera in that family)
+           - Find best species within that genus (highest averaged species probability among species in that genus)
+        3. Final confidence = averaged probability of the selected class at each taxonomic level
+        """
+        print("\n=== Performing Hierarchical Aggregation ===")
+        
+        # Group detections by track ID
+        track_detections = defaultdict(list)
+        for detection in self.all_detections:
+            if detection['track_id'] is not None:
+                track_detections[detection['track_id']].append(detection)
+        
+        aggregated_results = []
+        
+        for track_id, detections in track_detections.items():
+            print(f"\nProcessing Track ID: {track_id} ({len(detections)} detections)")
+            
+            # Aggregate probabilities across all detections for this track
+            prob_sums = [
+                np.zeros(len(self.family_list)),
+                np.zeros(len(self.genus_list)), 
+                np.zeros(len(self.species_list))
+            ]
+            
+            for detection in detections:
+                prob_sums[0] += np.array(detection['family_probs'])
+                prob_sums[1] += np.array(detection['genus_probs'])
+                prob_sums[2] += np.array(detection['species_probs'])
+            
+            # Average the probabilities
+            prob_avgs = [prob_sum / len(detections) for prob_sum in prob_sums]
+            
+            # Hierarchical selection: Start with family
+            best_family_idx = np.argmax(prob_avgs[0])
+            best_family = self.family_list[best_family_idx]
+            best_family_prob = prob_avgs[0][best_family_idx]
+            print(f"  Best family: {best_family} (prob: {best_family_prob:.3f})")
+            
+            # Find genera belonging to this family
+            family_genera_indices = [i for i, genus in enumerate(self.genus_list) 
+                                   if genus in self.genus_to_family and self.genus_to_family[genus] == best_family]
+            
+            if family_genera_indices:
+                family_genus_probs = prob_avgs[1][family_genera_indices]
+                best_genus_idx = family_genera_indices[np.argmax(family_genus_probs)]
+            else:
+                best_genus_idx = np.argmax(prob_avgs[1])
+            
+            best_genus = self.genus_list[best_genus_idx]
+            best_genus_prob = prob_avgs[1][best_genus_idx]
+            print(f"  Best genus: {best_genus} (prob: {best_genus_prob:.3f})")
+            
+            # Find species belonging to this genus
+            genus_species_indices = [i for i, species in enumerate(self.species_list) 
+                                   if species in self.species_to_genus and self.species_to_genus[species] == best_genus]
+            
+            if genus_species_indices:
+                genus_species_probs = prob_avgs[2][genus_species_indices]
+                best_species_idx = genus_species_indices[np.argmax(genus_species_probs)]
+            else:
+                best_species_idx = np.argmax(prob_avgs[2])
+            
+            best_species = self.species_list[best_species_idx]
+            best_species_prob = prob_avgs[2][best_species_idx]
+            print(f"  Best species: {best_species} (prob: {best_species_prob:.3f})")
+            
+            # Calculate track statistics
+            frame_times = [d['frame_time_seconds'] for d in detections]
+            first_frame, last_frame = min(frame_times), max(frame_times)
+            
+            aggregated_results.append({
+                'track_id': track_id,
+                'num_detections': len(detections),
+                'first_frame_time': first_frame,
+                'last_frame_time': last_frame,
+                'duration': last_frame - first_frame,
+                'final_family': best_family,
+                'final_genus': best_genus,
+                'final_species': best_species,
+                'family_confidence': best_family_prob,
+                'genus_confidence': best_genus_prob,
+                'species_confidence': best_species_prob
+            })
+        
+        return aggregated_results
+    
+    def print_simplified_summary(self, aggregated_results):
+        """Print a simplified, readable summary of tracking results"""
+        print("\n" + "="*60)
+        print("🐛 INSECT TRACKING SUMMARY")
+        print("="*60)
+        
+        if not aggregated_results:
+            print("No insects were tracked in this video.")
+            return
+        
+        # Sort by number of detections (most active insects first)
+        sorted_results = sorted(aggregated_results, key=lambda x: x['num_detections'], reverse=True)
+        
+        for i, result in enumerate(sorted_results, 1):
+            duration = result['duration']
+            detection_count = result['num_detections']
+            
+            print(f"\n🐞 Insect {i}:")
+            print(f"   Detections: {detection_count}")
+            print(f"   Duration: {duration:.1f}s")
+            print(f"   Family: {result['final_family']}")
+            print(f"   Genus: {result['final_genus']}")
+            print(f"   Species: {result['final_species']}")
+            print(f"   Confidence: {result['species_confidence']:.1%}")
+        
+        print(f"\n📈 Total: {len(aggregated_results)} unique insects tracked")
+        print("="*60)
+    
+    def save_results_table(self, aggregated_results, output_path):
+        """Save aggregated results to CSV"""
+        df = pd.DataFrame(aggregated_results).sort_values('track_id')
+        csv_path = str(output_path).replace('.mp4', '_results.csv')
+        df.to_csv(csv_path, index=False)
+        
+        print(f"\n📊 Results saved to: {csv_path}")
+        
+        # Print simplified summary
+        self.print_simplified_summary(aggregated_results)
+        
+        return df
+
+# ============================================================================
+# VIDEO PROCESSING FUNCTIONS
+# ============================================================================
+
+def process_video(video_path, processor, output_video_path=None, show_video=False, tracker_max_frames=30, fps=None):
+    """Process an MP4 video file frame by frame.
+    
+    Args:
+        fps (float, optional): FPS for processing and output. If provided, frames will be skipped 
+                              to match this rate and output video will use this FPS. If None, all frames are processed.
+    """
+    
+    if not os.path.exists(video_path):
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"Video file not found: {video_path}")
+    
+    cap = cv2.VideoCapture(video_path)
+    if not cap.isOpened():
+        raise ValueError(f"Could not open video file: {video_path}")
+    
+    # Get video properties
+    input_fps = cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS)
+    total_frames = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT))
+    width, height = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH)), int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT))
+    duration = total_frames / input_fps if input_fps > 0 else 0
+    
+    print(f"Processing video: {video_path}")
+    print(f"Properties: {total_frames} frames, {input_fps:.2f} FPS, {duration:.2f}s duration")
+    
+    # Initialize tracker and output writer
+    tracker = InsectTracker(height, width, max_frames=tracker_max_frames, debug=False)
+    out = None
+    
+    if output_video_path:
+        fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'mp4v')
+        write_fps = fps if fps is not None else input_fps
+        out = cv2.VideoWriter(output_video_path, fourcc, write_fps, (width, height))
+        print(f"Output video: {output_video_path} at {write_fps:.2f} FPS")
+    
+    frame_number = 0
+    processed_frame_count = 0
+    start_time = time.time()
+    
+    # Calculate frame skip interval if fps is specified
+    frame_skip_interval = None
+    if fps is not None and fps > 0 and input_fps > 0:
+        frame_skip_interval = max(1, int(input_fps / fps))
+        print(f"Processing every {frame_skip_interval} frame(s) to achieve ~{fps:.2f} FPS")
+        print(f"Tracker will only receive the processed frames, not all {total_frames} frames")
+    
+    try:
+        while True:
+            ret, frame = cap.read()
+            if not ret:
+                break
+            
+            frame_time_seconds = frame_number / input_fps if input_fps > 0 else 0
+            
+            # Check if we should process this frame
+            should_process = True
+            if frame_skip_interval is not None:
+                should_process = (frame_number % frame_skip_interval == 0)
+            
+            if should_process:
+                # Process the frame
+                processed_frame = processor.process_frame(frame, frame_time_seconds, tracker, frame_number)
+                processed_frame_count += 1
+                last_processed_frame = processed_frame.copy()  # Keep for frame duplication
+                
+                # Show video if requested
+                if show_video:
+                    cv2.imshow('Video Inference', processed_frame)
+                    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
+                        print("User requested quit")
+                        break
+                
+                # If we're skipping frames, skip ahead to save time
+                if frame_skip_interval is not None and frame_skip_interval > 1:
+                    # Skip the next (frame_skip_interval - 1) frames
+                    for _ in range(frame_skip_interval - 1):
+                        ret, _ = cap.read()
+                        if not ret:
+                            break
+                        frame_number += 1
+            else:
+                # Use the last processed frame to maintain video length
+                if 'last_processed_frame' in locals():
+                    processed_frame = last_processed_frame.copy()
+                else:
+                    processed_frame = frame  # Fallback for first frames
+            
+            # Write to output video if requested (always write to maintain duration)
+            if out:
+                out.write(processed_frame)
+            
+            frame_number += 1
+            
+            # Progress update based on processed frames only
+            if should_process and processed_frame_count % 25 == 0:
+                if frame_skip_interval is not None:
+                    estimated_total_processed = total_frames // frame_skip_interval
+                    progress = (processed_frame_count / estimated_total_processed) * 100 if estimated_total_processed > 0 else 0
+                    print(f"Processed: {processed_frame_count}/{estimated_total_processed} frames ({progress:.1f}%)")
+                else:
+                    progress = (frame_number / total_frames) * 100 if total_frames > 0 else 0
+                    print(f"Processed: {processed_frame_count}/{total_frames} frames ({progress:.1f}%)")
+    
+    finally:
+        cap.release()
+        if out:
+            out.release()
+        if show_video:
+            cv2.destroyAllWindows()
+    
+    processing_time = time.time() - start_time
+    print(f"\nProcessing complete! {processed_frame_count}/{frame_number} frames processed in {processing_time:.2f}s")
+    if processed_frame_count > 0:
+        print(f"Processing speed: {processed_frame_count/processing_time:.2f} FPS, Detections: {len(processor.all_detections)}")
+    else:
+        print(f"No frames processed, Detections: {len(processor.all_detections)}")
+    
+    # Perform hierarchical aggregation and save results
+    aggregated_results = processor.hierarchical_aggregation()
+    if output_video_path:
+        processor.save_results_table(aggregated_results, output_video_path)
+    
+    return aggregated_results
+
+# ============================================================================
+# MAIN ENTRY POINT FUNCTIONS
+# ============================================================================
+
+def inference(species_list, yolo_model_path, hierarchical_model_path, confidence_threshold, 
+                  video_path, output_path, tracker_max_frames, fps=None):
+    """
+    Run inference on a single video file.
+    
+    Args:
+        species_list (list): List of species names for classification
+        yolo_model_path (str): Path to YOLO model weights
+        hierarchical_model_path (str): Path to hierarchical classification model weights
+        confidence_threshold (float): Confidence threshold for detections
+        video_path (str): Path to input video file
+        output_path (str): Path for output video file (including filename)
+        tracker_max_frames (int): Maximum frames for tracker context
+        fps (float, optional): Processing and output FPS. If provided, frames will be skipped 
+                              to match this rate and output video will use this FPS. If None, all frames are processed.
+    
+    Returns:
+        dict: Summary of processing results
+    """
+    # Check if input video exists
+    if not os.path.exists(video_path):
+        error_msg = f"Video file not found: {video_path}"
+        print(f"Error: {error_msg}")
+        return {"error": error_msg}
+
+    # Create output directory if it doesn't exist
+    output_dir = os.path.dirname(output_path)
+    if output_dir:
+        os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
+
+    print(f"Processing single video: {video_path}")
+
+    # Create processor instance
+    print("Initializing models...")
+    processor = VideoInferenceProcessor(
+        species_list=species_list,
+        yolo_model_path=yolo_model_path,
+        hierarchical_model_path=hierarchical_model_path,
+        confidence_threshold=confidence_threshold
+    )
+    
+    # Track processing results
+    processing_results = {
+        "video_file": os.path.basename(video_path),
+        "output_path": output_path,
+        "success": False,
+        "detections": 0,
+        "tracks": 0,
+        "error": None
+    }
+    
+    print(f"\n{'='*20}\nProcessing: {video_path}\n{'='*20}")
+
+    try:
+        # Process the video
+        aggregated_results = process_video(
+            video_path=video_path,
+            processor=processor,
+            output_video_path=output_path,
+            show_video=False,
+            tracker_max_frames=tracker_max_frames,
+            fps=fps
+        )
+        
+        processing_results.update({
+            "success": True,
+            "detections": len(processor.all_detections),
+            "tracks": len(aggregated_results)
+        })
+        
+        print(f"Finished processing. Output saved to {output_path}")
+        
+    except Exception as e:
+        error_msg = f"Failed to process {os.path.basename(video_path)}: {str(e)}"
+        print(f"Error: {error_msg}")
+        processing_results["error"] = error_msg
+    
+    if processing_results["success"]:
+        print(f"\nProcessing complete!")
+        print(f"Total detections: {processing_results['detections']}")
+        print(f"Total tracks: {processing_results['tracks']}")
+    
+    return processing_results
+
+
+def main():
+    """Example usage for processing a single video."""
+    # Define your species list (replace with your actual species)
+    species_list = [
+        "Coccinella septempunctata", "Apis mellifera", "Bombus lapidarius", "Bombus terrestris",
+        "Eupeodes corollae", "Episyrphus balteatus", "Aglais urticae", "Vespula vulgaris",
+        "Eristalis tenax"
+    ]
+    
+    # Paths (replace with your actual paths)
+    video_path = "input_videos/sample_video.mp4"
+    output_path = "output_videos/sample_video_predictions.mp4"
+    yolo_model_path = "weights/yolo_model.pt"
+    hierarchical_model_path = "weights/hierarchical_model.pth"
+    
+    # Run inference
+    results = inference(
+        species_list=species_list,
+        yolo_model_path=yolo_model_path,
+        hierarchical_model_path=hierarchical_model_path,
+        confidence_threshold=0.35,
+        video_path=video_path,
+        output_path=output_path,
+        tracker_max_frames=60,
+        fps=None  # Set to e.g. 5.0 to process only 5 frames per second
+    )
+    
+    return results
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()