bitmex-api 0.0.12__py3-none-any.whl → 0.0.13__py3-none-any.whl

bitmex/ccxt/bitmex.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2932 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# PLEASE DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, IT IS GENERATED AND WILL BE OVERWRITTEN:
+# https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-code
+
+from ccxt.base.exchange import Exchange
+from ccxt.abstract.bitmex import ImplicitAPI
+import hashlib
+from ccxt.base.types import Any, Balances, Currencies, Currency, DepositAddress, Int, LedgerEntry, Leverage, Leverages, Market, MarketType, Num, Order, OrderBook, OrderSide, OrderType, Str, Strings, Ticker, Tickers, FundingRate, FundingRates, Trade, Transaction
+from typing import List
+from ccxt.base.errors import ExchangeError
+from ccxt.base.errors import AuthenticationError
+from ccxt.base.errors import PermissionDenied
+from ccxt.base.errors import ArgumentsRequired
+from ccxt.base.errors import BadRequest
+from ccxt.base.errors import BadSymbol
+from ccxt.base.errors import InsufficientFunds
+from ccxt.base.errors import InvalidOrder
+from ccxt.base.errors import OrderNotFound
+from ccxt.base.errors import DDoSProtection
+from ccxt.base.errors import ExchangeNotAvailable
+from ccxt.base.decimal_to_precision import TICK_SIZE
+from ccxt.base.precise import Precise
+
+
+class bitmex(Exchange, ImplicitAPI):
+
+    def describe(self) -> Any:
+        return self.deep_extend(super(bitmex, self).describe(), {
+            'id': 'bitmex',
+            'name': 'BitMEX',
+            'countries': ['SC'],  # Seychelles
+            'version': 'v1',
+            'userAgent': None,
+            # cheapest endpoints are 10 requests per second(trading)
+            # 10 per second => rateLimit = 1000ms / 10 = 100ms
+            # 120 per minute => 2 per second => weight = 5(authenticated)
+            # 30 per minute => 0.5 per second => weight = 20(unauthenticated)
+            'rateLimit': 100,
+            'certified': True,
+            'pro': True,
+            'has': {
+                'CORS': None,
+                'spot': True,
+                'margin': False,
+                'swap': True,
+                'future': True,
+                'option': False,
+                'addMargin': None,
+                'cancelAllOrders': True,
+                'cancelAllOrdersAfter': True,
+                'cancelOrder': True,
+                'cancelOrders': True,
+                'closeAllPositions': False,
+                'closePosition': True,
+                'createOrder': True,
+                'createReduceOnlyOrder': True,
+                'createStopOrder': True,
+                'createTrailingAmountOrder': True,
+                'createTriggerOrder': True,
+                'editOrder': True,
+                'fetchBalance': True,
+                'fetchClosedOrders': True,
+                'fetchCurrencies': True,
+                'fetchDepositAddress': True,
+                'fetchDepositAddresses': False,
+                'fetchDepositAddressesByNetwork': False,
+                'fetchDepositsWithdrawals': 'emulated',
+                'fetchDepositWithdrawFee': 'emulated',
+                'fetchDepositWithdrawFees': True,
+                'fetchFundingHistory': False,
+                'fetchFundingRate': 'emulated',  # emulated in exchange
+                'fetchFundingRateHistory': True,
+                'fetchFundingRates': True,
+                'fetchIndexOHLCV': False,
+                'fetchLedger': True,
+                'fetchLeverage': 'emulated',
+                'fetchLeverages': True,
+                'fetchLeverageTiers': False,
+                'fetchLiquidations': True,
+                'fetchMarginAdjustmentHistory': False,
+                'fetchMarketLeverageTiers': False,
+                'fetchMarkets': True,
+                'fetchMarkOHLCV': False,
+                'fetchMyLiquidations': False,
+                'fetchMyTrades': True,
+                'fetchOHLCV': True,
+                'fetchOpenOrders': True,
+                'fetchOrder': True,
+                'fetchOrderBook': True,
+                'fetchOrders': True,
+                'fetchPosition': False,
+                'fetchPositionHistory': False,
+                'fetchPositions': True,
+                'fetchPositionsHistory': False,
+                'fetchPositionsRisk': False,
+                'fetchPremiumIndexOHLCV': False,
+                'fetchTicker': True,
+                'fetchTickers': True,
+                'fetchTrades': True,
+                'fetchTransactions': 'emulated',
+                'fetchTransfer': False,
+                'fetchTransfers': False,
+                'reduceMargin': None,
+                'sandbox': True,
+                'setLeverage': True,
+                'setMargin': None,
+                'setMarginMode': True,
+                'setPositionMode': False,
+                'transfer': False,
+                'withdraw': True,
+            },
+            'timeframes': {
+                '1m': '1m',
+                '5m': '5m',
+                '1h': '1h',
+                '1d': '1d',
+            },
+            'urls': {
+                'test': {
+                    'public': 'https://testnet.bitmex.com',
+                    'private': 'https://testnet.bitmex.com',
+                },
+                'logo': 'https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c78425ab-78d5-49d6-bd14-db7734798f04',
+                'api': {
+                    'public': 'https://www.bitmex.com',
+                    'private': 'https://www.bitmex.com',
+                },
+                'www': 'https://www.bitmex.com',
+                'doc': [
+                    'https://www.bitmex.com/app/apiOverview',
+                    'https://github.com/BitMEX/api-connectors/tree/master/official-http',
+                ],
+                'fees': 'https://www.bitmex.com/app/fees',
+                'referral': {
+                    'url': 'https://www.bitmex.com/app/register/NZTR1q',
+                    'discount': 0.1,
+                },
+            },
+            'api': {
+                'public': {
+                    'get': {
+                        'announcement': 5,
+                        'announcement/urgent': 5,
+                        'chat': 5,
+                        'chat/channels': 5,
+                        'chat/connected': 5,
+                        'chat/pinned': 5,
+                        'funding': 5,
+                        'guild': 5,
+                        'instrument': 5,
+                        'instrument/active': 5,
+                        'instrument/activeAndIndices': 5,
+                        'instrument/activeIntervals': 5,
+                        'instrument/compositeIndex': 5,
+                        'instrument/indices': 5,
+                        'instrument/usdVolume': 5,
+                        'insurance': 5,
+                        'leaderboard': 5,
+                        'liquidation': 5,
+                        'orderBook/L2': 5,
+                        'porl/nonce': 5,
+                        'quote': 5,
+                        'quote/bucketed': 5,
+                        'schema': 5,
+                        'schema/websocketHelp': 5,
+                        'settlement': 5,
+                        'stats': 5,
+                        'stats/history': 5,
+                        'stats/historyUSD': 5,
+                        'trade': 5,
+                        'trade/bucketed': 5,
+                        'wallet/assets': 5,
+                        'wallet/networks': 5,
+                    },
+                },
+                'private': {
+                    'get': {
+                        'address': 5,
+                        'apiKey': 5,
+                        'execution': 5,
+                        'execution/tradeHistory': 5,
+                        'globalNotification': 5,
+                        'leaderboard/name': 5,
+                        'order': 5,
+                        'porl/snapshots': 5,
+                        'position': 5,
+                        'user': 5,
+                        'user/affiliateStatus': 5,
+                        'user/checkReferralCode': 5,
+                        'user/commission': 5,
+                        'user/csa': 5,
+                        'user/depositAddress': 5,
+                        'user/executionHistory': 5,
+                        'user/getWalletTransferAccounts': 5,
+                        'user/margin': 5,
+                        'user/quoteFillRatio': 5,
+                        'user/quoteValueRatio': 5,
+                        'user/staking': 5,
+                        'user/staking/instruments': 5,
+                        'user/staking/tiers': 5,
+                        'user/tradingVolume': 5,
+                        'user/unstakingRequests': 5,
+                        'user/wallet': 5,
+                        'user/walletHistory': 5,
+                        'user/walletSummary': 5,
+                        'userAffiliates': 5,
+                        'userEvent': 5,
+                    },
+                    'post': {
+                        'address': 5,
+                        'chat': 5,
+                        'guild': 5,
+                        'guild/archive': 5,
+                        'guild/join': 5,
+                        'guild/kick': 5,
+                        'guild/leave': 5,
+                        'guild/sharesTrades': 5,
+                        'order': 1,
+                        'order/cancelAllAfter': 5,
+                        'order/closePosition': 5,
+                        'position/isolate': 1,
+                        'position/leverage': 1,
+                        'position/riskLimit': 5,
+                        'position/transferMargin': 1,
+                        'user/addSubaccount': 5,
+                        'user/cancelWithdrawal': 5,
+                        'user/communicationToken': 5,
+                        'user/confirmEmail': 5,
+                        'user/confirmWithdrawal': 5,
+                        'user/logout': 5,
+                        'user/preferences': 5,
+                        'user/requestWithdrawal': 5,
+                        'user/unstakingRequests': 5,
+                        'user/updateSubaccount': 5,
+                        'user/walletTransfer': 5,
+                    },
+                    'put': {
+                        'guild': 5,
+                        'order': 1,
+                    },
+                    'delete': {
+                        'order': 1,
+                        'order/all': 1,
+                        'user/unstakingRequests': 5,
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            'exceptions': {
+                'exact': {
+                    'Invalid API Key.': AuthenticationError,
+                    'This key is disabled.': PermissionDenied,
+                    'Access Denied': PermissionDenied,
+                    'Duplicate clOrdID': InvalidOrder,
+                    'orderQty is invalid': InvalidOrder,
+                    'Invalid price': InvalidOrder,
+                    'Invalid stopPx for ordType': InvalidOrder,
+                    'Account is restricted': PermissionDenied,  # {"error":{"message":"Account is restricted","name":"HTTPError"}}
+                },
+                'broad': {
+                    'Signature not valid': AuthenticationError,
+                    'overloaded': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                    'Account has insufficient Available Balance': InsufficientFunds,
+                    'Service unavailable': ExchangeNotAvailable,  # {"error":{"message":"Service unavailable","name":"HTTPError"}}
+                    'Server Error': ExchangeError,  # {"error":{"message":"Server Error","name":"HTTPError"}}
+                    'Unable to cancel order due to existing state': InvalidOrder,
+                    'We require all new traders to verify': PermissionDenied,  # {"message":"We require all new traders to verify their identity before their first deposit. Please visit bitmex.com/verify to complete the process.","name":"HTTPError"}
+                },
+            },
+            'precisionMode': TICK_SIZE,
+            'options': {
+                # https://blog.bitmex.com/api_announcement/deprecation-of-api-nonce-header/
+                # https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/issues/4789
+                'api-expires': 5,  # in seconds
+                'fetchOHLCVOpenTimestamp': True,
+                'oldPrecision': False,
+                'networks': {
+                    'BTC': 'btc',
+                    'ERC20': 'eth',
+                    'BEP20': 'bsc',
+                    'TRC20': 'tron',
+                    'AVAXC': 'avax',
+                    'NEAR': 'near',
+                    'XTZ': 'xtz',
+                    'DOT': 'dot',
+                    'SOL': 'sol',
+                    'ADA': 'ada',
+                },
+            },
+            'features': {
+                'default': {
+                    'sandbox': True,
+                    'createOrder': {
+                        'marginMode': True,
+                        'triggerPrice': True,
+                        'triggerPriceType': {
+                            'last': True,
+                            'mark': True,
+                        },
+                        'triggerDirection': True,
+                        'stopLossPrice': False,
+                        'takeProfitPrice': False,
+                        'attachedStopLossTakeProfit': None,
+                        'timeInForce': {
+                            'IOC': True,
+                            'FOK': True,
+                            'PO': True,
+                            'GTD': False,
+                        },
+                        'hedged': False,
+                        'trailing': True,
+                        'marketBuyRequiresPrice': False,
+                        'marketBuyByCost': False,
+                        # exchange-supported features
+                        # 'selfTradePrevention': True,
+                        # 'twap': False,
+                        # 'iceberg': False,
+                        # 'oco': False,
+                    },
+                    'createOrders': None,
+                    'fetchMyTrades': {
+                        'marginMode': False,
+                        'limit': 500,
+                        'daysBack': None,
+                        'untilDays': 1000000,
+                        'symbolRequired': False,
+                    },
+                    'fetchOrder': {
+                        'marginMode': False,
+                        'trigger': False,
+                        'trailing': False,
+                        'symbolRequired': False,
+                    },
+                    'fetchOpenOrders': {
+                        'marginMode': False,
+                        'limit': 500,
+                        'trigger': False,
+                        'trailing': False,
+                        'symbolRequired': False,
+                    },
+                    'fetchOrders': {
+                        'marginMode': False,
+                        'limit': 500,
+                        'daysBack': None,
+                        'untilDays': 1000000,
+                        'trigger': False,
+                        'trailing': False,
+                        'symbolRequired': False,
+                    },
+                    'fetchClosedOrders': {
+                        'marginMode': False,
+                        'limit': 500,
+                        'daysBack': None,
+                        'daysBackCanceled': None,
+                        'untilDays': 1000000,
+                        'trigger': False,
+                        'trailing': False,
+                        'symbolRequired': False,
+                    },
+                    'fetchOHLCV': {
+                        'limit': 10000,
+                    },
+                },
+                'spot': {
+                    'extends': 'default',
+                    'createOrder': {
+                        'triggerPriceType': {
+                            'index': False,
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+                'derivatives': {
+                    'extends': 'default',
+                    'createOrder': {
+                        'triggerPriceType': {
+                            'index': True,
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+                'swap': {
+                    'linear': {
+                        'extends': 'derivatives',
+                    },
+                    'inverse': {
+                        'extends': 'derivatives',
+                    },
+                },
+                'future': {
+                    'linear': {
+                        'extends': 'derivatives',
+                    },
+                    'inverse': {
+                        'extends': 'derivatives',
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            'commonCurrencies': {
+                'USDt': 'USDT',
+                'XBt': 'BTC',
+                'XBT': 'BTC',
+                'Gwei': 'ETH',
+                'GWEI': 'ETH',
+                'LAMP': 'SOL',
+                'LAMp': 'SOL',
+            },
+        })
+
+    def fetch_currencies(self, params={}) -> Currencies:
+        """
+        fetches all available currencies on an exchange
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Wallet/Wallet_getAssetsConfig
+
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: an associative dictionary of currencies
+        """
+        response = self.publicGetWalletAssets(params)
+        #
+        #    {
+        #        "XBt": {
+        #            "asset": "XBT",
+        #            "currency": "XBt",
+        #            "majorCurrency": "XBT",
+        #            "name": "Bitcoin",
+        #            "currencyType": "Crypto",
+        #            "scale": "8",
+        #            # "mediumPrecision": "8",
+        #            # "shorterPrecision": "4",
+        #            # "symbol": "₿",
+        #            # "weight": "1",
+        #            # "tickLog": "0",
+        #            "enabled": True,
+        #            "isMarginCurrency": True,
+        #            "minDepositAmount": "10000",
+        #            "minWithdrawalAmount": "1000",
+        #            "maxWithdrawalAmount": "100000000000000",
+        #            "networks": [
+        #                {
+        #                    "asset": "btc",
+        #                    "tokenAddress": "",
+        #                    "depositEnabled": True,
+        #                    "withdrawalEnabled": True,
+        #                    "withdrawalFee": "20000",
+        #                    "minFee": "20000",
+        #                    "maxFee": "10000000"
+        #                }
+        #            ]
+        #        },
+        #     }
+        #
+        result: dict = {}
+        for i in range(0, len(response)):
+            currency = response[i]
+            asset = self.safe_string(currency, 'asset')
+            code = self.safe_currency_code(asset)
+            id = self.safe_string(currency, 'currency')
+            name = self.safe_string(currency, 'name')
+            chains = self.safe_value(currency, 'networks', [])
+            depositEnabled = False
+            withdrawEnabled = False
+            networks: dict = {}
+            scale = self.safe_string(currency, 'scale')
+            precisionString = self.parse_precision(scale)
+            precision = self.parse_number(precisionString)
+            for j in range(0, len(chains)):
+                chain = chains[j]
+                networkId = self.safe_string(chain, 'asset')
+                network = self.network_id_to_code(networkId)
+                withdrawalFeeRaw = self.safe_string(chain, 'withdrawalFee')
+                withdrawalFee = self.parse_number(Precise.string_mul(withdrawalFeeRaw, precisionString))
+                isDepositEnabled = self.safe_bool(chain, 'depositEnabled', False)
+                isWithdrawEnabled = self.safe_bool(chain, 'withdrawalEnabled', False)
+                active = (isDepositEnabled and isWithdrawEnabled)
+                if isDepositEnabled:
+                    depositEnabled = True
+                if isWithdrawEnabled:
+                    withdrawEnabled = True
+                networks[network] = {
+                    'info': chain,
+                    'id': networkId,
+                    'network': network,
+                    'active': active,
+                    'deposit': isDepositEnabled,
+                    'withdraw': isWithdrawEnabled,
+                    'fee': withdrawalFee,
+                    'precision': None,
+                    'limits': {
+                        'withdraw': {
+                            'min': None,
+                            'max': None,
+                        },
+                        'deposit': {
+                            'min': None,
+                            'max': None,
+                        },
+                    },
+                }
+            currencyEnabled = self.safe_value(currency, 'enabled')
+            currencyActive = currencyEnabled or (depositEnabled or withdrawEnabled)
+            minWithdrawalString = self.safe_string(currency, 'minWithdrawalAmount')
+            minWithdrawal = self.parse_number(Precise.string_mul(minWithdrawalString, precisionString))
+            maxWithdrawalString = self.safe_string(currency, 'maxWithdrawalAmount')
+            maxWithdrawal = self.parse_number(Precise.string_mul(maxWithdrawalString, precisionString))
+            minDepositString = self.safe_string(currency, 'minDepositAmount')
+            minDeposit = self.parse_number(Precise.string_mul(minDepositString, precisionString))
+            result[code] = {
+                'id': id,
+                'code': code,
+                'info': currency,
+                'name': name,
+                'active': currencyActive,
+                'deposit': depositEnabled,
+                'withdraw': withdrawEnabled,
+                'fee': None,
+                'precision': precision,
+                'limits': {
+                    'amount': {
+                        'min': None,
+                        'max': None,
+                    },
+                    'withdraw': {
+                        'min': minWithdrawal,
+                        'max': maxWithdrawal,
+                    },
+                    'deposit': {
+                        'min': minDeposit,
+                        'max': None,
+                    },
+                },
+                'networks': networks,
+            }
+        return result
+
+    def convert_from_real_amount(self, code, amount):
+        currency = self.currency(code)
+        precision = self.safe_string(currency, 'precision')
+        amountString = self.number_to_string(amount)
+        finalAmount = Precise.string_div(amountString, precision)
+        return self.parse_number(finalAmount)
+
+    def convert_to_real_amount(self, code: Str, amount: Str):
+        if code is None:
+            return amount
+        elif amount is None:
+            return None
+        currency = self.currency(code)
+        precision = self.safe_string(currency, 'precision')
+        return Precise.string_mul(amount, precision)
+
+    def amount_to_precision(self, symbol, amount):
+        symbol = self.safe_symbol(symbol)
+        market = self.market(symbol)
+        oldPrecision = self.safe_value(self.options, 'oldPrecision')
+        if market['spot'] and not oldPrecision:
+            amount = self.convert_from_real_amount(market['base'], amount)
+        return super(bitmex, self).amount_to_precision(symbol, amount)
+
+    def convert_from_raw_quantity(self, symbol, rawQuantity, currencySide='base'):
+        if self.safe_value(self.options, 'oldPrecision'):
+            return self.parse_number(rawQuantity)
+        symbol = self.safe_symbol(symbol)
+        marketExists = self.in_array(symbol, self.symbols)
+        if not marketExists:
+            return self.parse_number(rawQuantity)
+        market = self.market(symbol)
+        if market['spot']:
+            return self.parse_number(self.convert_to_real_amount(market[currencySide], rawQuantity))
+        return self.parse_number(rawQuantity)
+
+    def convert_from_raw_cost(self, symbol, rawQuantity):
+        return self.convert_from_raw_quantity(symbol, rawQuantity, 'quote')
+
+    def fetch_markets(self, params={}) -> List[Market]:
+        """
+        retrieves data on all markets for bitmex
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Instrument/Instrument_getActive
+
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict[]: an array of objects representing market data
+        """
+        response = self.publicGetInstrumentActive(params)
+        #
+        #  [
+        #    {
+        #        "symbol": "LTCUSDT",
+        #        "rootSymbol": "LTC",
+        #        "state": "Open",
+        #        "typ": "FFWCSX",
+        #        "listing": "2021-11-10T04:00:00.000Z",
+        #        "front": "2021-11-10T04:00:00.000Z",
+        #        "expiry": null,
+        #        "settle": null,
+        #        "listedSettle": null,
+        #        "relistInterval": null,
+        #        "inverseLeg": "",
+        #        "sellLeg": "",
+        #        "buyLeg": "",
+        #        "optionStrikePcnt": null,
+        #        "optionStrikeRound": null,
+        #        "optionStrikePrice": null,
+        #        "optionMultiplier": null,
+        #        "positionCurrency": "LTC",  # can be empty for spot markets
+        #        "underlying": "LTC",
+        #        "quoteCurrency": "USDT",
+        #        "underlyingSymbol": "LTCT=",  # can be empty for spot markets
+        #        "reference": "BMEX",
+        #        "referenceSymbol": ".BLTCT",  # can be empty for spot markets
+        #        "calcInterval": null,
+        #        "publishInterval": null,
+        #        "publishTime": null,
+        #        "maxOrderQty": 1000000000,
+        #        "maxPrice": 1000000,
+        #        "lotSize": 1000,
+        #        "tickSize": 0.01,
+        #        "multiplier": 100,
+        #        "settlCurrency": "USDt",  # can be empty for spot markets
+        #        "underlyingToPositionMultiplier": 10000,
+        #        "underlyingToSettleMultiplier": null,
+        #        "quoteToSettleMultiplier": 1000000,
+        #        "isQuanto": False,
+        #        "isInverse": False,
+        #        "initMargin": 0.03,
+        #        "maintMargin": 0.015,
+        #        "riskLimit": 1000000000000,  # can be null for spot markets
+        #        "riskStep": 1000000000000,  # can be null for spot markets
+        #        "limit": null,
+        #        "capped": False,
+        #        "taxed": True,
+        #        "deleverage": True,
+        #        "makerFee": -0.0001,
+        #        "takerFee": 0.0005,
+        #        "settlementFee": 0,
+        #        "insuranceFee": 0,
+        #        "fundingBaseSymbol": ".LTCBON8H",  # can be empty for spot markets
+        #        "fundingQuoteSymbol": ".USDTBON8H",  # can be empty for spot markets
+        #        "fundingPremiumSymbol": ".LTCUSDTPI8H",  # can be empty for spot markets
+        #        "fundingTimestamp": "2022-01-14T20:00:00.000Z",
+        #        "fundingInterval": "2000-01-01T08:00:00.000Z",
+        #        "fundingRate": 0.0001,
+        #        "indicativeFundingRate": 0.0001,
+        #        "rebalanceTimestamp": null,
+        #        "rebalanceInterval": null,
+        #        "openingTimestamp": "2022-01-14T17:00:00.000Z",
+        #        "closingTimestamp": "2022-01-14T18:00:00.000Z",
+        #        "sessionInterval": "2000-01-01T01:00:00.000Z",
+        #        "prevClosePrice": 138.511,
+        #        "limitDownPrice": null,
+        #        "limitUpPrice": null,
+        #        "bankruptLimitDownPrice": null,
+        #        "bankruptLimitUpPrice": null,
+        #        "prevTotalVolume": 12699024000,
+        #        "totalVolume": 12702160000,
+        #        "volume": 3136000,
+        #        "volume24h": 114251000,
+        #        "prevTotalTurnover": 232418052349000,
+        #        "totalTurnover": 232463353260000,
+        #        "turnover": 45300911000,
+        #        "turnover24h": 1604331340000,
+        #        "homeNotional24h": 11425.1,
+        #        "foreignNotional24h": 1604331.3400000003,
+        #        "prevPrice24h": 135.48,
+        #        "vwap": 140.42165,
+        #        "highPrice": 146.42,
+        #        "lowPrice": 135.08,
+        #        "lastPrice": 144.36,
+        #        "lastPriceProtected": 144.36,
+        #        "lastTickDirection": "MinusTick",
+        #        "lastChangePcnt": 0.0655,
+        #        "bidPrice": 143.75,
+        #        "midPrice": 143.855,
+        #        "askPrice": 143.96,
+        #        "impactBidPrice": 143.75,
+        #        "impactMidPrice": 143.855,
+        #        "impactAskPrice": 143.96,
+        #        "hasLiquidity": True,
+        #        "openInterest": 38103000,
+        #        "openValue": 547963053300,
+        #        "fairMethod": "FundingRate",
+        #        "fairBasisRate": 0.1095,
+        #        "fairBasis": 0.004,
+        #        "fairPrice": 143.811,
+        #        "markMethod": "FairPrice",
+        #        "markPrice": 143.811,
+        #        "indicativeTaxRate": null,
+        #        "indicativeSettlePrice": 143.807,
+        #        "optionUnderlyingPrice": null,
+        #        "settledPriceAdjustmentRate": null,
+        #        "settledPrice": null,
+        #        "timestamp": "2022-01-14T17:49:55.000Z"
+        #    }
+        #  ]
+        #
+        return self.parse_markets(response)
+
+    def parse_market(self, market: dict) -> Market:
+        id = self.safe_string(market, 'symbol')
+        baseId = self.safe_string(market, 'underlying')
+        quoteId = self.safe_string(market, 'quoteCurrency')
+        settleId = self.safe_string(market, 'settlCurrency')
+        settle = self.safe_currency_code(settleId)
+        # 'positionCurrency' may be empty("", currently returns for ETHUSD)
+        # so let's take the settlCurrency first and then adjust if needed
+        typ = self.safe_string(market, 'typ')  # type definitions at: https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Instrument/Instrument_get
+        type: MarketType
+        swap = False
+        spot = False
+        future = False
+        if typ == 'FFWCSX':
+            type = 'swap'
+            swap = True
+        elif typ == 'IFXXXP':
+            type = 'spot'
+            spot = True
+        elif typ == 'FFCCSX':
+            type = 'future'
+            future = True
+        elif typ == 'FFICSX':
+            # prediction markets(without any volume)
+            quoteId = baseId
+            baseId = self.safe_string(market, 'rootSymbol')
+            type = 'future'
+            future = True
+        base = self.safe_currency_code(baseId)
+        quote = self.safe_currency_code(quoteId)
+        contract = swap or future
+        contractSize = None
+        isInverse = self.safe_value(market, 'isInverse')  # self is True when BASE and SETTLE are same, i.e. BTC/XXX:BTC
+        isQuanto = self.safe_value(market, 'isQuanto')  # self is True when BASE and SETTLE are different, i.e. AXS/XXX:BTC
+        linear = (not isInverse and not isQuanto) if contract else None
+        status = self.safe_string(market, 'state')
+        active = status != 'Unlisted'
+        expiry = None
+        expiryDatetime = None
+        symbol = None
+        if spot:
+            symbol = base + '/' + quote
+        elif contract:
+            symbol = base + '/' + quote + ':' + settle
+            if linear:
+                multiplierString = self.safe_string_2(market, 'underlyingToPositionMultiplier', 'underlyingToSettleMultiplier')
+                contractSize = self.parse_number(Precise.string_div('1', multiplierString))
+            else:
+                multiplierString = Precise.string_abs(self.safe_string(market, 'multiplier'))
+                contractSize = self.parse_number(multiplierString)
+            if future:
+                expiryDatetime = self.safe_string(market, 'expiry')
+                expiry = self.parse8601(expiryDatetime)
+                symbol = symbol + '-' + self.yymmdd(expiry)
+        else:
+            # for index/exotic markets, default to id
+            symbol = id
+        positionId = self.safe_string_2(market, 'positionCurrency', 'underlying')
+        position = self.safe_currency_code(positionId)
+        positionIsQuote = (position == quote)
+        maxOrderQty = self.safe_number(market, 'maxOrderQty')
+        initMargin = self.safe_string(market, 'initMargin', '1')
+        maxLeverage = self.parse_number(Precise.string_div('1', initMargin))
+        return {
+            'id': id,
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'base': base,
+            'quote': quote,
+            'settle': settle,
+            'baseId': baseId,
+            'quoteId': quoteId,
+            'settleId': settleId,
+            'type': type,
+            'spot': spot,
+            'margin': False,
+            'swap': swap,
+            'future': future,
+            'option': False,
+            'active': active,
+            'contract': contract,
+            'linear': linear,
+            'inverse': isInverse,
+            'quanto': isQuanto,
+            'taker': self.safe_number(market, 'takerFee'),
+            'maker': self.safe_number(market, 'makerFee'),
+            'contractSize': contractSize,
+            'expiry': expiry,
+            'expiryDatetime': expiryDatetime,
+            'strike': self.safe_number(market, 'optionStrikePrice'),
+            'optionType': None,
+            'precision': {
+                'amount': self.safe_number(market, 'lotSize'),
+                'price': self.safe_number(market, 'tickSize'),
+            },
+            'limits': {
+                'leverage': {
+                    'min': self.parse_number('1') if contract else None,
+                    'max': maxLeverage if contract else None,
+                },
+                'amount': {
+                    'min': None,
+                    'max': None if positionIsQuote else maxOrderQty,
+                },
+                'price': {
+                    'min': None,
+                    'max': self.safe_number(market, 'maxPrice'),
+                },
+                'cost': {
+                    'min': None,
+                    'max': maxOrderQty if positionIsQuote else None,
+                },
+            },
+            'created': self.parse8601(self.safe_string(market, 'listing')),
+            'info': market,
+        }
+
+    def parse_balance(self, response) -> Balances:
+        #
+        #     [
+        #         {
+        #             "account":1455728,
+        #             "currency":"XBt",
+        #             "riskLimit":1000000000000,
+        #             "prevState":"",
+        #             "state":"",
+        #             "action":"",
+        #             "amount":263542,
+        #             "pendingCredit":0,
+        #             "pendingDebit":0,
+        #             "confirmedDebit":0,
+        #             "prevRealisedPnl":0,
+        #             "prevUnrealisedPnl":0,
+        #             "grossComm":0,
+        #             "grossOpenCost":0,
+        #             "grossOpenPremium":0,
+        #             "grossExecCost":0,
+        #             "grossMarkValue":0,
+        #             "riskValue":0,
+        #             "taxableMargin":0,
+        #             "initMargin":0,
+        #             "maintMargin":0,
+        #             "sessionMargin":0,
+        #             "targetExcessMargin":0,
+        #             "varMargin":0,
+        #             "realisedPnl":0,
+        #             "unrealisedPnl":0,
+        #             "indicativeTax":0,
+        #             "unrealisedProfit":0,
+        #             "syntheticMargin":null,
+        #             "walletBalance":263542,
+        #             "marginBalance":263542,
+        #             "marginBalancePcnt":1,
+        #             "marginLeverage":0,
+        #             "marginUsedPcnt":0,
+        #             "excessMargin":263542,
+        #             "excessMarginPcnt":1,
+        #             "availableMargin":263542,
+        #             "withdrawableMargin":263542,
+        #             "timestamp":"2020-08-03T12:01:01.246Z",
+        #             "grossLastValue":0,
+        #             "commission":null
+        #         }
+        #     ]
+        #
+        result: dict = {'info': response}
+        for i in range(0, len(response)):
+            balance = response[i]
+            currencyId = self.safe_string(balance, 'currency')
+            code = self.safe_currency_code(currencyId)
+            account = self.account()
+            free = self.safe_string(balance, 'availableMargin')
+            total = self.safe_string(balance, 'marginBalance')
+            account['free'] = self.convert_to_real_amount(code, free)
+            account['total'] = self.convert_to_real_amount(code, total)
+            result[code] = account
+        return self.safe_balance(result)
+
+    def fetch_balance(self, params={}) -> Balances:
+        """
+        query for balance and get the amount of funds available for trading or funds locked in orders
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /User/User_getMargin
+
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: a `balance structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=balance-structure>`
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        request: dict = {
+            'currency': 'all',
+        }
+        response = self.privateGetUserMargin(self.extend(request, params))
+        #
+        #     [
+        #         {
+        #             "account":1455728,
+        #             "currency":"XBt",
+        #             "riskLimit":1000000000000,
+        #             "prevState":"",
+        #             "state":"",
+        #             "action":"",
+        #             "amount":263542,
+        #             "pendingCredit":0,
+        #             "pendingDebit":0,
+        #             "confirmedDebit":0,
+        #             "prevRealisedPnl":0,
+        #             "prevUnrealisedPnl":0,
+        #             "grossComm":0,
+        #             "grossOpenCost":0,
+        #             "grossOpenPremium":0,
+        #             "grossExecCost":0,
+        #             "grossMarkValue":0,
+        #             "riskValue":0,
+        #             "taxableMargin":0,
+        #             "initMargin":0,
+        #             "maintMargin":0,
+        #             "sessionMargin":0,
+        #             "targetExcessMargin":0,
+        #             "varMargin":0,
+        #             "realisedPnl":0,
+        #             "unrealisedPnl":0,
+        #             "indicativeTax":0,
+        #             "unrealisedProfit":0,
+        #             "syntheticMargin":null,
+        #             "walletBalance":263542,
+        #             "marginBalance":263542,
+        #             "marginBalancePcnt":1,
+        #             "marginLeverage":0,
+        #             "marginUsedPcnt":0,
+        #             "excessMargin":263542,
+        #             "excessMarginPcnt":1,
+        #             "availableMargin":263542,
+        #             "withdrawableMargin":263542,
+        #             "timestamp":"2020-08-03T12:01:01.246Z",
+        #             "grossLastValue":0,
+        #             "commission":null
+        #         }
+        #     ]
+        #
+        return self.parse_balance(response)
+
+    def fetch_order_book(self, symbol: str, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> OrderBook:
+        """
+        fetches information on open orders with bid(buy) and ask(sell) prices, volumes and other data
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /OrderBook/OrderBook_getL2
+
+        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to fetch the order book for
+        :param int [limit]: the maximum amount of order book entries to return
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: A dictionary of `order book structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-book-structure>` indexed by market symbols
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        market = self.market(symbol)
+        request: dict = {
+            'symbol': market['id'],
+        }
+        if limit is not None:
+            request['depth'] = limit
+        response = self.publicGetOrderBookL2(self.extend(request, params))
+        result: dict = {
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'bids': [],
+            'asks': [],
+            'timestamp': None,
+            'datetime': None,
+            'nonce': None,
+        }
+        for i in range(0, len(response)):
+            order = response[i]
+            side = 'asks' if (order['side'] == 'Sell') else 'bids'
+            amount = self.convert_from_raw_quantity(symbol, self.safe_string(order, 'size'))
+            price = self.safe_number(order, 'price')
+            # https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/issues/4926
+            # https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/issues/4927
+            # the exchange sometimes returns null price in the orderbook
+            if price is not None:
+                resultSide = result[side]
+                resultSide.append([price, amount])
+        result['bids'] = self.sort_by(result['bids'], 0, True)
+        result['asks'] = self.sort_by(result['asks'], 0)
+        return result
+
+    def fetch_order(self, id: str, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
+        """
+        fetches information on an order made by the user
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Order/Order_getOrders
+
+        :param str id: the order id
+        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market the order was made in
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: An `order structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
+        """
+        filter: dict = {
+            'filter': {
+                'orderID': id,
+            },
+        }
+        response = self.fetch_orders(symbol, None, None, self.deep_extend(filter, params))
+        numResults = len(response)
+        if numResults == 1:
+            return response[0]
+        raise OrderNotFound(self.id + ': The order ' + id + ' not found.')
+
+    def fetch_orders(self, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[Order]:
+        """
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Order/Order_getOrders
+
+        fetches information on multiple orders made by the user
+        :param str symbol: unified market symbol of the market orders were made in
+        :param int [since]: the earliest time in ms to fetch orders for
+        :param int [limit]: the maximum number of order structures to retrieve
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :param int [params.until]: the earliest time in ms to fetch orders for
+        :param boolean [params.paginate]: default False, when True will automatically paginate by calling self endpoint multiple times. See in the docs all the [availble parameters](https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#pagination-params)
+        :returns Order[]: a list of `order structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        paginate = False
+        paginate, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, 'fetchOrders', 'paginate')
+        if paginate:
+            return self.fetch_paginated_call_dynamic('fetchOrders', symbol, since, limit, params, 100)
+        market = None
+        request: dict = {}
+        if symbol is not None:
+            market = self.market(symbol)
+            request['symbol'] = market['id']
+        if since is not None:
+            request['startTime'] = self.iso8601(since)
+        if limit is not None:
+            request['count'] = limit
+        until = self.safe_integer_2(params, 'until', 'endTime')
+        if until is not None:
+            params = self.omit(params, ['until'])
+            request['endTime'] = self.iso8601(until)
+        request = self.deep_extend(request, params)
+        # why the hassle? urlencode in python is kinda broken for nested dicts.
+        # E.g. self.urlencode({"filter": {"open": True}}) will return "filter={'open':+True}"
+        # Bitmex doesn't like that. Hence resorting to self hack.
+        if 'filter' in request:
+            request['filter'] = self.json(request['filter'])
+        response = self.privateGetOrder(request)
+        return self.parse_orders(response, market, since, limit)
+
+    def fetch_open_orders(self, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[Order]:
+        """
+        fetch all unfilled currently open orders
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Order/Order_getOrders
+
+        :param str symbol: unified market symbol
+        :param int [since]: the earliest time in ms to fetch open orders for
+        :param int [limit]: the maximum number of  open orders structures to retrieve
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns Order[]: a list of `order structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
+        """
+        request: dict = {
+            'filter': {
+                'open': True,
+            },
+        }
+        return self.fetch_orders(symbol, since, limit, self.deep_extend(request, params))
+
+    def fetch_closed_orders(self, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[Order]:
+        """
+        fetches information on multiple closed orders made by the user
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Order/Order_getOrders
+
+        :param str symbol: unified market symbol of the market orders were made in
+        :param int [since]: the earliest time in ms to fetch orders for
+        :param int [limit]: the maximum number of order structures to retrieve
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns Order[]: a list of `order structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
+        """
+        # Bitmex barfs if you set 'open': False in the filter...
+        orders = self.fetch_orders(symbol, since, limit, params)
+        return self.filter_by_array(orders, 'status', ['closed', 'canceled'], False)
+
+    def fetch_my_trades(self, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
+        """
+        fetch all trades made by the user
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Execution/Execution_getTradeHistory
+
+        :param str symbol: unified market symbol
+        :param int [since]: the earliest time in ms to fetch trades for
+        :param int [limit]: the maximum number of trades structures to retrieve
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :param boolean [params.paginate]: default False, when True will automatically paginate by calling self endpoint multiple times. See in the docs all the [availble parameters](https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#pagination-params)
+        :returns Trade[]: a list of `trade structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=trade-structure>`
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        paginate = False
+        paginate, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, 'fetchMyTrades', 'paginate')
+        if paginate:
+            return self.fetch_paginated_call_dynamic('fetchMyTrades', symbol, since, limit, params, 100)
+        market = None
+        request: dict = {}
+        if symbol is not None:
+            market = self.market(symbol)
+            request['symbol'] = market['id']
+        if since is not None:
+            request['startTime'] = self.iso8601(since)
+        if limit is not None:
+            request['count'] = min(500, limit)
+        until = self.safe_integer_2(params, 'until', 'endTime')
+        if until is not None:
+            params = self.omit(params, ['until'])
+            request['endTime'] = self.iso8601(until)
+        request = self.deep_extend(request, params)
+        # why the hassle? urlencode in python is kinda broken for nested dicts.
+        # E.g. self.urlencode({"filter": {"open": True}}) will return "filter={'open':+True}"
+        # Bitmex doesn't like that. Hence resorting to self hack.
+        if 'filter' in request:
+            request['filter'] = self.json(request['filter'])
+        response = self.privateGetExecutionTradeHistory(request)
+        #
+        #     [
+        #         {
+        #             "execID": "string",
+        #             "orderID": "string",
+        #             "clOrdID": "string",
+        #             "clOrdLinkID": "string",
+        #             "account": 0,
+        #             "symbol": "string",
+        #             "side": "string",
+        #             "lastQty": 0,
+        #             "lastPx": 0,
+        #             "underlyingLastPx": 0,
+        #             "lastMkt": "string",
+        #             "lastLiquidityInd": "string",
+        #             "simpleOrderQty": 0,
+        #             "orderQty": 0,
+        #             "price": 0,
+        #             "displayQty": 0,
+        #             "stopPx": 0,
+        #             "pegOffsetValue": 0,
+        #             "pegPriceType": "string",
+        #             "currency": "string",
+        #             "settlCurrency": "string",
+        #             "execType": "string",
+        #             "ordType": "string",
+        #             "timeInForce": "string",
+        #             "execInst": "string",
+        #             "contingencyType": "string",
+        #             "exDestination": "string",
+        #             "ordStatus": "string",
+        #             "triggered": "string",
+        #             "workingIndicator": True,
+        #             "ordRejReason": "string",
+        #             "simpleLeavesQty": 0,
+        #             "leavesQty": 0,
+        #             "simpleCumQty": 0,
+        #             "cumQty": 0,
+        #             "avgPx": 0,
+        #             "commission": 0,
+        #             "tradePublishIndicator": "string",
+        #             "multiLegReportingType": "string",
+        #             "text": "string",
+        #             "trdMatchID": "string",
+        #             "execCost": 0,
+        #             "execComm": 0,
+        #             "homeNotional": 0,
+        #             "foreignNotional": 0,
+        #             "transactTime": "2019-03-05T12:47:02.762Z",
+        #             "timestamp": "2019-03-05T12:47:02.762Z"
+        #         }
+        #     ]
+        #
+        return self.parse_trades(response, market, since, limit)
+
+    def parse_ledger_entry_type(self, type):
+        types: dict = {
+            'Withdrawal': 'transaction',
+            'RealisedPNL': 'margin',
+            'UnrealisedPNL': 'margin',
+            'Deposit': 'transaction',
+            'Transfer': 'transfer',
+            'AffiliatePayout': 'referral',
+            'SpotTrade': 'trade',
+        }
+        return self.safe_string(types, type, type)
+
+    def parse_ledger_entry(self, item: dict, currency: Currency = None) -> LedgerEntry:
+        #
+        #     {
+        #         "transactID": "69573da3-7744-5467-3207-89fd6efe7a47",
+        #         "account":  24321,
+        #         "currency": "XBt",
+        #         "transactType": "Withdrawal",  # "AffiliatePayout", "Transfer", "Deposit", "RealisedPNL", ...
+        #         "amount":  -1000000,
+        #         "fee":  300000,
+        #         "transactStatus": "Completed",  # "Canceled", ...
+        #         "address": "1Ex4fkF4NhQaQdRWNoYpqiPbDBbq18Kdd9",
+        #         "tx": "3BMEX91ZhhKoWtsH9QRb5dNXnmnGpiEetA",
+        #         "text": "",
+        #         "transactTime": "2017-03-21T20:05:14.388Z",
+        #         "walletBalance":  0,  # balance after
+        #         "marginBalance":  null,
+        #         "timestamp": "2017-03-22T13:09:23.514Z"
+        #     }
+        #
+        # ButMEX returns the unrealized pnl from the wallet history endpoint.
+        # The unrealized pnl transaction has an empty timestamp.
+        # It is not related to historical pnl it has status set to "Pending".
+        # Therefore it's not a part of the history at all.
+        # https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/issues/6047
+        #
+        #     {
+        #         "transactID":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
+        #         "account":121210,
+        #         "currency":"XBt",
+        #         "transactType":"UnrealisedPNL",
+        #         "amount":-5508,
+        #         "fee":0,
+        #         "transactStatus":"Pending",
+        #         "address":"XBTUSD",
+        #         "tx":"",
+        #         "text":"",
+        #         "transactTime":null,  # ←---------------------------- null
+        #         "walletBalance":139198767,
+        #         "marginBalance":139193259,
+        #         "timestamp":null  # ←---------------------------- null
+        #     }
+        #
+        id = self.safe_string(item, 'transactID')
+        account = self.safe_string(item, 'account')
+        referenceId = self.safe_string(item, 'tx')
+        referenceAccount = None
+        type = self.parse_ledger_entry_type(self.safe_string(item, 'transactType'))
+        currencyId = self.safe_string(item, 'currency')
+        code = self.safe_currency_code(currencyId, currency)
+        currency = self.safe_currency(currencyId, currency)
+        amountString = self.safe_string(item, 'amount')
+        amount = self.convert_to_real_amount(code, amountString)
+        timestamp = self.parse8601(self.safe_string(item, 'transactTime'))
+        if timestamp is None:
+            # https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/issues/6047
+            # set the timestamp to zero, 1970 Jan 1 00:00:00
+            # for unrealized pnl and other transactions without a timestamp
+            timestamp = 0  # see comments above
+        fee = None
+        feeCost = self.safe_string(item, 'fee')
+        if feeCost is not None:
+            feeCost = self.convert_to_real_amount(code, feeCost)
+            fee = {
+                'cost': self.parse_number(feeCost),
+                'currency': code,
+            }
+        after = self.safe_string(item, 'walletBalance')
+        if after is not None:
+            after = self.convert_to_real_amount(code, after)
+        before = self.parse_number(Precise.string_sub(self.number_to_string(after), self.number_to_string(amount)))
+        direction = None
+        if Precise.string_lt(amountString, '0'):
+            direction = 'out'
+            amount = self.convert_to_real_amount(code, Precise.string_abs(amountString))
+        else:
+            direction = 'in'
+        status = self.parse_transaction_status(self.safe_string(item, 'transactStatus'))
+        return self.safe_ledger_entry({
+            'info': item,
+            'id': id,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
+            'direction': direction,
+            'account': account,
+            'referenceId': referenceId,
+            'referenceAccount': referenceAccount,
+            'type': type,
+            'currency': code,
+            'amount': self.parse_number(amount),
+            'before': before,
+            'after': self.parse_number(after),
+            'status': status,
+            'fee': fee,
+        }, currency)
+
+    def fetch_ledger(self, code: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[LedgerEntry]:
+        """
+        fetch the history of changes, actions done by the user or operations that altered the balance of the user
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /User/User_getWalletHistory
+
+        :param str [code]: unified currency code, default is None
+        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest ledger entry, default is None
+        :param int [limit]: max number of ledger entries to return, default is None
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: a `ledger structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ledger>`
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        request: dict = {
+            # 'start': 123,
+        }
+        #
+        #     if since is not None:
+        #         # date-based pagination not supported
+        #     }
+        #
+        if limit is not None:
+            request['count'] = limit
+        currency = None
+        if code is not None:
+            currency = self.currency(code)
+            request['currency'] = currency['id']
+        response = self.privateGetUserWalletHistory(self.extend(request, params))
+        #
+        #     [
+        #         {
+        #             "transactID": "69573da3-7744-5467-3207-89fd6efe7a47",
+        #             "account":  24321,
+        #             "currency": "XBt",
+        #             "transactType": "Withdrawal",  # "AffiliatePayout", "Transfer", "Deposit", "RealisedPNL", ...
+        #             "amount":  -1000000,
+        #             "fee":  300000,
+        #             "transactStatus": "Completed",  # "Canceled", ...
+        #             "address": "1Ex4fkF4NhQaQdRWNoYpqiPbDBbq18Kdd9",
+        #             "tx": "3BMEX91ZhhKoWtsH9QRb5dNXnmnGpiEetA",
+        #             "text": "",
+        #             "transactTime": "2017-03-21T20:05:14.388Z",
+        #             "walletBalance":  0,  # balance after
+        #             "marginBalance":  null,
+        #             "timestamp": "2017-03-22T13:09:23.514Z"
+        #         }
+        #     ]
+        #
+        return self.parse_ledger(response, currency, since, limit)
+
+    def fetch_deposits_withdrawals(self, code: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[Transaction]:
+        """
+        fetch history of deposits and withdrawals
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /User/User_getWalletHistory
+
+        :param str [code]: unified currency code for the currency of the deposit/withdrawals, default is None
+        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest deposit/withdrawal, default is None
+        :param int [limit]: max number of deposit/withdrawals to return, default is None
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: a list of `transaction structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=transaction-structure>`
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        request: dict = {
+            'currency': 'all',
+            # 'start': 123,
+        }
+        #
+        #     if since is not None:
+        #         # date-based pagination not supported
+        #     }
+        #
+        currency = None
+        if code is not None:
+            currency = self.currency(code)
+            request['currency'] = currency['id']
+        if limit is not None:
+            request['count'] = limit
+        response = self.privateGetUserWalletHistory(self.extend(request, params))
+        transactions = self.filter_by_array(response, 'transactType', ['Withdrawal', 'Deposit'], False)
+        return self.parse_transactions(transactions, currency, since, limit)
+
+    def parse_transaction_status(self, status: Str):
+        statuses: dict = {
+            'Confirmed': 'pending',
+            'Canceled': 'canceled',
+            'Completed': 'ok',
+            'Pending': 'pending',
+        }
+        return self.safe_string(statuses, status, status)
+
+    def parse_transaction(self, transaction: dict, currency: Currency = None) -> Transaction:
+        #
+        #    {
+        #        "transactID": "ffe699c2-95ee-4c13-91f9-0faf41daec25",
+        #        "account": 123456,
+        #        "currency": "XBt",
+        #        "network":'',  # "tron" for USDt, etc...
+        #        "transactType": "Withdrawal",
+        #        "amount": -100100000,
+        #        "fee": 100000,
+        #        "transactStatus": "Completed",
+        #        "address": "385cR5DM96n1HvBDMzLHPYcw89fZAXULJP",
+        #        "tx": "3BMEXabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz123",
+        #        "text": '',
+        #        "transactTime": "2019-01-02T01:00:00.000Z",
+        #        "walletBalance": 99900000,  # self field might be inexistent
+        #        "marginBalance": None,  # self field might be inexistent
+        #        "timestamp": "2019-01-02T13:00:00.000Z"
+        #    }
+        #
+        currencyId = self.safe_string(transaction, 'currency')
+        currency = self.safe_currency(currencyId, currency)
+        # For deposits, transactTime == timestamp
+        # For withdrawals, transactTime is submission, timestamp is processed
+        transactTime = self.parse8601(self.safe_string(transaction, 'transactTime'))
+        timestamp = self.parse8601(self.safe_string(transaction, 'timestamp'))
+        type = self.safe_string_lower(transaction, 'transactType')
+        # Deposits have no from address or to address, withdrawals have both
+        address = None
+        addressFrom = None
+        addressTo = None
+        if type == 'withdrawal':
+            address = self.safe_string(transaction, 'address')
+            addressFrom = self.safe_string(transaction, 'tx')
+            addressTo = address
+        elif type == 'deposit':
+            addressTo = self.safe_string(transaction, 'address')
+            addressFrom = self.safe_string(transaction, 'tx')
+        amountString = self.safe_string(transaction, 'amount')
+        amountStringAbs = Precise.string_abs(amountString)
+        amount = self.convert_to_real_amount(currency['code'], amountStringAbs)
+        feeCostString = self.safe_string(transaction, 'fee')
+        feeCost = self.convert_to_real_amount(currency['code'], feeCostString)
+        status = self.safe_string(transaction, 'transactStatus')
+        if status is not None:
+            status = self.parse_transaction_status(status)
+        return {
+            'info': transaction,
+            'id': self.safe_string(transaction, 'transactID'),
+            'txid': self.safe_string(transaction, 'tx'),
+            'type': type,
+            'currency': currency['code'],
+            'network': self.network_id_to_code(self.safe_string(transaction, 'network'), currency['code']),
+            'amount': self.parse_number(amount),
+            'status': status,
+            'timestamp': transactTime,
+            'datetime': self.iso8601(transactTime),
+            'address': address,
+            'addressFrom': addressFrom,
+            'addressTo': addressTo,
+            'tag': None,
+            'tagFrom': None,
+            'tagTo': None,
+            'updated': timestamp,
+            'internal': None,
+            'comment': None,
+            'fee': {
+                'currency': currency['code'],
+                'cost': self.parse_number(feeCost),
+                'rate': None,
+            },
+        }
+
+    def fetch_ticker(self, symbol: str, params={}) -> Ticker:
+        """
+        fetches a price ticker, a statistical calculation with the information calculated over the past 24 hours for a specific market
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Instrument/Instrument_get
+
+        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to fetch the ticker for
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: a `ticker structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure>`
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        market = self.market(symbol)
+        request: dict = {
+            'symbol': market['id'],
+        }
+        response = self.publicGetInstrument(self.extend(request, params))
+        ticker = self.safe_value(response, 0)
+        if ticker is None:
+            raise BadSymbol(self.id + ' fetchTicker() symbol ' + symbol + ' not found')
+        return self.parse_ticker(ticker, market)
+
+    def fetch_tickers(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}) -> Tickers:
+        """
+        fetches price tickers for multiple markets, statistical information calculated over the past 24 hours for each market
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Instrument/Instrument_getActiveAndIndices
+
+        :param str[]|None symbols: unified symbols of the markets to fetch the ticker for, all market tickers are returned if not assigned
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: a dictionary of `ticker structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure>`
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        symbols = self.market_symbols(symbols)
+        response = self.publicGetInstrumentActiveAndIndices(params)
+        # same response "fetchMarkets"
+        result: dict = {}
+        for i in range(0, len(response)):
+            ticker = self.parse_ticker(response[i])
+            symbol = self.safe_string(ticker, 'symbol')
+            if symbol is not None:
+                result[symbol] = ticker
+        return self.filter_by_array_tickers(result, 'symbol', symbols)
+
+    def parse_ticker(self, ticker: dict, market: Market = None) -> Ticker:
+        # see response sample under "fetchMarkets" because same endpoint is being used here
+        marketId = self.safe_string(ticker, 'symbol')
+        symbol = self.safe_symbol(marketId, market)
+        timestamp = self.parse8601(self.safe_string(ticker, 'timestamp'))
+        open = self.safe_string(ticker, 'prevPrice24h')
+        last = self.safe_string(ticker, 'lastPrice')
+        return self.safe_ticker({
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
+            'high': self.safe_string(ticker, 'highPrice'),
+            'low': self.safe_string(ticker, 'lowPrice'),
+            'bid': self.safe_string(ticker, 'bidPrice'),
+            'bidVolume': None,
+            'ask': self.safe_string(ticker, 'askPrice'),
+            'askVolume': None,
+            'vwap': self.safe_string(ticker, 'vwap'),
+            'open': open,
+            'close': last,
+            'last': last,
+            'previousClose': None,
+            'change': None,
+            'percentage': None,
+            'average': None,
+            'baseVolume': self.safe_string(ticker, 'homeNotional24h'),
+            'quoteVolume': self.safe_string(ticker, 'foreignNotional24h'),
+            'markPrice': self.safe_string(ticker, 'markPrice'),
+            'info': ticker,
+        }, market)
+
+    def parse_ohlcv(self, ohlcv, market: Market = None) -> list:
+        #
+        #     {
+        #         "timestamp":"2015-09-25T13:38:00.000Z",
+        #         "symbol":"XBTUSD",
+        #         "open":237.45,
+        #         "high":237.45,
+        #         "low":237.45,
+        #         "close":237.45,
+        #         "trades":0,
+        #         "volume":0,
+        #         "vwap":null,
+        #         "lastSize":null,
+        #         "turnover":0,
+        #         "homeNotional":0,
+        #         "foreignNotional":0
+        #     }
+        #
+        marketId = self.safe_string(ohlcv, 'symbol')
+        market = self.safe_market(marketId, market)
+        volume = self.convert_from_raw_quantity(market['symbol'], self.safe_string(ohlcv, 'volume'))
+        return [
+            self.parse8601(self.safe_string(ohlcv, 'timestamp')),
+            self.safe_number(ohlcv, 'open'),
+            self.safe_number(ohlcv, 'high'),
+            self.safe_number(ohlcv, 'low'),
+            self.safe_number(ohlcv, 'close'),
+            volume,
+        ]
+
+    def fetch_ohlcv(self, symbol: str, timeframe='1m', since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[list]:
+        """
+        fetches historical candlestick data containing the open, high, low, and close price, and the volume of a market
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Trade/Trade_getBucketed
+
+        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to fetch OHLCV data for
+        :param str timeframe: the length of time each candle represents
+        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest candle to fetch
+        :param int [limit]: the maximum amount of candles to fetch
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :param boolean [params.paginate]: default False, when True will automatically paginate by calling self endpoint multiple times. See in the docs all the [availble parameters](https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#pagination-params)
+        :returns int[][]: A list of candles ordered, open, high, low, close, volume
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        paginate = False
+        paginate, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, 'fetchOHLCV', 'paginate')
+        if paginate:
+            return self.fetch_paginated_call_deterministic('fetchOHLCV', symbol, since, limit, timeframe, params)
+        # send JSON key/value pairs, such as {"key": "value"}
+        # filter by individual fields and do advanced queries on timestamps
+        # filter: Dict = {'key': 'value'}
+        # send a bare series(e.g. XBU) to nearest expiring contract in that series
+        # you can also send a timeframe, e.g. XBU:monthly
+        # timeframes: daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, and biquarterly
+        market = self.market(symbol)
+        request: dict = {
+            'symbol': market['id'],
+            'binSize': self.safe_string(self.timeframes, timeframe, timeframe),
+            'partial': True,     # True == include yet-incomplete current bins
+            # 'filter': filter,  # filter by individual fields and do advanced queries
+            # 'columns': [],    # will return all columns if omitted
+            # 'start': 0,       # starting point for results(wtf?)
+            # 'reverse': False,  # True == newest first
+            # 'endTime': '',    # ending date filter for results
+        }
+        if limit is not None:
+            request['count'] = limit  # default 100, max 500
+        until = self.safe_integer(params, 'until')
+        if until is not None:
+            params = self.omit(params, ['until'])
+            request['endTime'] = self.iso8601(until)
+        duration = self.parse_timeframe(timeframe) * 1000
+        fetchOHLCVOpenTimestamp = self.safe_bool(self.options, 'fetchOHLCVOpenTimestamp', True)
+        # if since is not set, they will return candles starting from 2017-01-01
+        if since is not None:
+            timestamp = since
+            if fetchOHLCVOpenTimestamp:
+                timestamp = self.sum(timestamp, duration)
+            startTime = self.iso8601(timestamp)
+            request['startTime'] = startTime  # starting date filter for results
+        else:
+            request['reverse'] = True
+        response = self.publicGetTradeBucketed(self.extend(request, params))
+        #
+        #     [
+        #         {"timestamp":"2015-09-25T13:38:00.000Z","symbol":"XBTUSD","open":237.45,"high":237.45,"low":237.45,"close":237.45,"trades":0,"volume":0,"vwap":null,"lastSize":null,"turnover":0,"homeNotional":0,"foreignNotional":0},
+        #         {"timestamp":"2015-09-25T13:39:00.000Z","symbol":"XBTUSD","open":237.45,"high":237.45,"low":237.45,"close":237.45,"trades":0,"volume":0,"vwap":null,"lastSize":null,"turnover":0,"homeNotional":0,"foreignNotional":0},
+        #         {"timestamp":"2015-09-25T13:40:00.000Z","symbol":"XBTUSD","open":237.45,"high":237.45,"low":237.45,"close":237.45,"trades":0,"volume":0,"vwap":null,"lastSize":null,"turnover":0,"homeNotional":0,"foreignNotional":0}
+        #     ]
+        #
+        result = self.parse_ohlcvs(response, market, timeframe, since, limit)
+        if fetchOHLCVOpenTimestamp:
+            # bitmex returns the candle's close timestamp - https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/issues/4446
+            # we can emulate the open timestamp by shifting all the timestamps one place
+            # so the previous close becomes the current open, and we drop the first candle
+            for i in range(0, len(result)):
+                result[i][0] = result[i][0] - duration
+        return result
+
+    def parse_trade(self, trade: dict, market: Market = None) -> Trade:
+        #
+        # fetchTrades(public)
+        #
+        #     {
+        #         "timestamp": "2018-08-28T00:00:02.735Z",
+        #         "symbol": "XBTUSD",
+        #         "side": "Buy",
+        #         "size": 2000,
+        #         "price": 6906.5,
+        #         "tickDirection": "PlusTick",
+        #         "trdMatchID": "b9a42432-0a46-6a2f-5ecc-c32e9ca4baf8",
+        #         "grossValue": 28958000,
+        #         "homeNotional": 0.28958,
+        #         "foreignNotional": 2000
+        #     }
+        #
+        # fetchMyTrades(private)
+        #
+        #     {
+        #         "execID": "string",
+        #         "orderID": "string",
+        #         "clOrdID": "string",
+        #         "clOrdLinkID": "string",
+        #         "account": 0,
+        #         "symbol": "string",
+        #         "side": "string",
+        #         "lastQty": 0,
+        #         "lastPx": 0,
+        #         "underlyingLastPx": 0,
+        #         "lastMkt": "string",
+        #         "lastLiquidityInd": "string",
+        #         "simpleOrderQty": 0,
+        #         "orderQty": 0,
+        #         "price": 0,
+        #         "displayQty": 0,
+        #         "stopPx": 0,
+        #         "pegOffsetValue": 0,
+        #         "pegPriceType": "string",
+        #         "currency": "string",
+        #         "settlCurrency": "string",
+        #         "execType": "string",
+        #         "ordType": "string",
+        #         "timeInForce": "string",
+        #         "execInst": "string",
+        #         "contingencyType": "string",
+        #         "exDestination": "string",
+        #         "ordStatus": "string",
+        #         "triggered": "string",
+        #         "workingIndicator": True,
+        #         "ordRejReason": "string",
+        #         "simpleLeavesQty": 0,
+        #         "leavesQty": 0,
+        #         "simpleCumQty": 0,
+        #         "cumQty": 0,
+        #         "avgPx": 0,
+        #         "commission": 0,
+        #         "tradePublishIndicator": "string",
+        #         "multiLegReportingType": "string",
+        #         "text": "string",
+        #         "trdMatchID": "string",
+        #         "execCost": 0,
+        #         "execComm": 0,
+        #         "homeNotional": 0,
+        #         "foreignNotional": 0,
+        #         "transactTime": "2019-03-05T12:47:02.762Z",
+        #         "timestamp": "2019-03-05T12:47:02.762Z"
+        #     }
+        #
+        marketId = self.safe_string(trade, 'symbol')
+        symbol = self.safe_symbol(marketId, market)
+        timestamp = self.parse8601(self.safe_string(trade, 'timestamp'))
+        priceString = self.safe_string_2(trade, 'avgPx', 'price')
+        amountString = self.convert_from_raw_quantity(symbol, self.safe_string_2(trade, 'size', 'lastQty'))
+        execCost = self.number_to_string(self.convert_from_raw_cost(symbol, self.safe_string(trade, 'execCost')))
+        id = self.safe_string(trade, 'trdMatchID')
+        order = self.safe_string(trade, 'orderID')
+        side = self.safe_string_lower(trade, 'side')
+        # price * amount doesn't work for all symbols(e.g. XBT, ETH)
+        fee = None
+        feeCostString = self.number_to_string(self.convert_from_raw_cost(symbol, self.safe_string(trade, 'execComm')))
+        if feeCostString is not None:
+            currencyId = self.safe_string_2(trade, 'settlCurrency', 'currency')
+            fee = {
+                'cost': feeCostString,
+                'currency': self.safe_currency_code(currencyId),
+                'rate': self.safe_string(trade, 'commission'),
+            }
+        # Trade or Funding
+        execType = self.safe_string(trade, 'execType')
+        takerOrMaker = None
+        if feeCostString is not None and execType == 'Trade':
+            takerOrMaker = 'maker' if Precise.string_lt(feeCostString, '0') else 'taker'
+        type = self.safe_string_lower(trade, 'ordType')
+        return self.safe_trade({
+            'info': trade,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'id': id,
+            'order': order,
+            'type': type,
+            'takerOrMaker': takerOrMaker,
+            'side': side,
+            'price': priceString,
+            'cost': Precise.string_abs(execCost),
+            'amount': amountString,
+            'fee': fee,
+        }, market)
+
+    def parse_order_status(self, status: Str):
+        statuses: dict = {
+            'New': 'open',
+            'PartiallyFilled': 'open',
+            'Filled': 'closed',
+            'DoneForDay': 'open',
+            'Canceled': 'canceled',
+            'PendingCancel': 'open',
+            'PendingNew': 'open',
+            'Rejected': 'rejected',
+            'Expired': 'expired',
+            'Stopped': 'open',
+            'Untriggered': 'open',
+            'Triggered': 'open',
+        }
+        return self.safe_string(statuses, status, status)
+
+    def parse_time_in_force(self, timeInForce: Str):
+        timeInForces: dict = {
+            'Day': 'Day',
+            'GoodTillCancel': 'GTC',
+            'ImmediateOrCancel': 'IOC',
+            'FillOrKill': 'FOK',
+        }
+        return self.safe_string(timeInForces, timeInForce, timeInForce)
+
+    def parse_order(self, order: dict, market: Market = None) -> Order:
+        #
+        #     {
+        #         "orderID":"56222c7a-9956-413a-82cf-99f4812c214b",
+        #         "clOrdID":"",
+        #         "clOrdLinkID":"",
+        #         "account":1455728,
+        #         "symbol":"XBTUSD",
+        #         "side":"Sell",
+        #         "simpleOrderQty":null,
+        #         "orderQty":1,
+        #         "price":40000,
+        #         "displayQty":null,
+        #         "stopPx":null,
+        #         "pegOffsetValue":null,
+        #         "pegPriceType":"",
+        #         "currency":"USD",
+        #         "settlCurrency":"XBt",
+        #         "ordType":"Limit",
+        #         "timeInForce":"GoodTillCancel",
+        #         "execInst":"",
+        #         "contingencyType":"",
+        #         "exDestination":"XBME",
+        #         "ordStatus":"New",
+        #         "triggered":"",
+        #         "workingIndicator":true,
+        #         "ordRejReason":"",
+        #         "simpleLeavesQty":null,
+        #         "leavesQty":1,
+        #         "simpleCumQty":null,
+        #         "cumQty":0,
+        #         "avgPx":null,
+        #         "multiLegReportingType":"SingleSecurity",
+        #         "text":"Submitted via API.",
+        #         "transactTime":"2021-01-02T21:38:49.246Z",
+        #         "timestamp":"2021-01-02T21:38:49.246Z"
+        #     }
+        #
+        marketId = self.safe_string(order, 'symbol')
+        market = self.safe_market(marketId, market)
+        symbol = market['symbol']
+        qty = self.safe_string(order, 'orderQty')
+        cost = None
+        amount = None
+        isInverse = False
+        if marketId is None:
+            defaultSubType = self.safe_string(self.options, 'defaultSubType', 'linear')
+            isInverse = (defaultSubType == 'inverse')
+        else:
+            isInverse = self.safe_bool(market, 'inverse', False)
+        if isInverse:
+            cost = self.convert_from_raw_quantity(symbol, qty)
+        else:
+            amount = self.convert_from_raw_quantity(symbol, qty)
+        average = self.safe_string(order, 'avgPx')
+        filled = None
+        cumQty = self.number_to_string(self.convert_from_raw_quantity(symbol, self.safe_string(order, 'cumQty')))
+        if isInverse:
+            filled = Precise.string_div(cumQty, average)
+        else:
+            filled = cumQty
+        execInst = self.safe_string(order, 'execInst')
+        postOnly = None
+        if execInst is not None:
+            postOnly = (execInst == 'ParticipateDoNotInitiate')
+        timestamp = self.parse8601(self.safe_string(order, 'timestamp'))
+        triggerPrice = self.safe_number(order, 'stopPx')
+        remaining = self.safe_string(order, 'leavesQty')
+        return self.safe_order({
+            'info': order,
+            'id': self.safe_string(order, 'orderID'),
+            'clientOrderId': self.safe_string(order, 'clOrdID'),
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': self.iso8601(timestamp),
+            'lastTradeTimestamp': self.parse8601(self.safe_string(order, 'transactTime')),
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'type': self.safe_string_lower(order, 'ordType'),
+            'timeInForce': self.parse_time_in_force(self.safe_string(order, 'timeInForce')),
+            'postOnly': postOnly,
+            'side': self.safe_string_lower(order, 'side'),
+            'price': self.safe_string(order, 'price'),
+            'triggerPrice': triggerPrice,
+            'amount': amount,
+            'cost': cost,
+            'average': average,
+            'filled': filled,
+            'remaining': self.convert_from_raw_quantity(symbol, remaining),
+            'status': self.parse_order_status(self.safe_string(order, 'ordStatus')),
+            'fee': None,
+            'trades': None,
+        }, market)
+
+    def fetch_trades(self, symbol: str, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}) -> List[Trade]:
+        """
+        get the list of most recent trades for a particular symbol
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Trade/Trade_get
+
+        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to fetch trades for
+        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest trade to fetch
+        :param int [limit]: the maximum amount of trades to fetch
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :param boolean [params.paginate]: default False, when True will automatically paginate by calling self endpoint multiple times. See in the docs all the [availble parameters](https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#pagination-params)
+        :returns Trade[]: a list of `trade structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=public-trades>`
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        paginate = False
+        paginate, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, 'fetchTrades', 'paginate')
+        if paginate:
+            return self.fetch_paginated_call_dynamic('fetchTrades', symbol, since, limit, params)
+        market = self.market(symbol)
+        request: dict = {
+            'symbol': market['id'],
+        }
+        if since is not None:
+            request['startTime'] = self.iso8601(since)
+        else:
+            # by default reverse=false, i.e. trades are fetched since the time of market inception(year 2015 for XBTUSD)
+            request['reverse'] = True
+        if limit is not None:
+            request['count'] = min(limit, 1000)  # api maximum 1000
+        until = self.safe_integer_2(params, 'until', 'endTime')
+        if until is not None:
+            params = self.omit(params, ['until'])
+            request['endTime'] = self.iso8601(until)
+        response = self.publicGetTrade(self.extend(request, params))
+        #
+        #     [
+        #         {
+        #             "timestamp": "2018-08-28T00:00:02.735Z",
+        #             "symbol": "XBTUSD",
+        #             "side": "Buy",
+        #             "size": 2000,
+        #             "price": 6906.5,
+        #             "tickDirection": "PlusTick",
+        #             "trdMatchID": "b9a42432-0a46-6a2f-5ecc-c32e9ca4baf8",
+        #             "grossValue": 28958000,
+        #             "homeNotional": 0.28958,
+        #             "foreignNotional": 2000
+        #         },
+        #         {
+        #             "timestamp": "2018-08-28T00:00:03.778Z",
+        #             "symbol": "XBTUSD",
+        #             "side": "Sell",
+        #             "size": 1000,
+        #             "price": 6906,
+        #             "tickDirection": "MinusTick",
+        #             "trdMatchID": "0d4f1682-5270-a800-569b-4a0eb92db97c",
+        #             "grossValue": 14480000,
+        #             "homeNotional": 0.1448,
+        #             "foreignNotional": 1000
+        #         },
+        #     ]
+        #
+        return self.parse_trades(response, market, since, limit)
+
+    def create_order(self, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: float, price: Num = None, params={}):
+        """
+        create a trade order
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Order/Order_new
+
+        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to create an order in
+        :param str type: 'market' or 'limit'
+        :param str side: 'buy' or 'sell'
+        :param float amount: how much of currency you want to trade in units of base currency
+        :param float [price]: the price at which the order is to be fulfilled, in units of the quote currency, ignored in market orders
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :param dict [params.triggerPrice]: the price at which a trigger order is triggered at
+        :param dict [params.triggerDirection]: the direction whenever the trigger happens with relation to price - 'above' or 'below'
+        :param float [params.trailingAmount]: the quote amount to trail away from the current market price
+        :returns dict: an `order structure <https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#order-structure>`
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        market = self.market(symbol)
+        orderType = self.capitalize(type)
+        reduceOnly = self.safe_value(params, 'reduceOnly')
+        if reduceOnly is not None:
+            if (not market['swap']) and (not market['future']):
+                raise InvalidOrder(self.id + ' createOrder() does not support reduceOnly for ' + market['type'] + ' orders, reduceOnly orders are supported for swap and future markets only')
+        brokerId = self.safe_string(self.options, 'brokerId', 'CCXT')
+        qty = self.parse_to_int(self.amount_to_precision(symbol, amount))
+        request: dict = {
+            'symbol': market['id'],
+            'side': self.capitalize(side),
+            'orderQty': qty,  # lot size multiplied by the number of contracts
+            'ordType': orderType,
+            'text': brokerId,
+        }
+        # support for unified trigger format
+        triggerPrice = self.safe_number_n(params, ['triggerPrice', 'stopPx', 'stopPrice'])
+        trailingAmount = self.safe_string_2(params, 'trailingAmount', 'pegOffsetValue')
+        isTriggerOrder = triggerPrice is not None
+        isTrailingAmountOrder = trailingAmount is not None
+        if isTriggerOrder or isTrailingAmountOrder:
+            triggerDirection = self.safe_string(params, 'triggerDirection')
+            triggerAbove = (triggerDirection == 'above')
+            if (type == 'limit') or (type == 'market'):
+                self.check_required_argument('createOrder', triggerDirection, 'triggerDirection', ['above', 'below'])
+            if type == 'limit':
+                if side == 'buy':
+                    orderType = 'StopLimit' if triggerAbove else 'LimitIfTouched'
+                else:
+                    orderType = 'LimitIfTouched' if triggerAbove else 'StopLimit'
+            elif type == 'market':
+                if side == 'buy':
+                    orderType = 'Stop' if triggerAbove else 'MarketIfTouched'
+                else:
+                    orderType = 'MarketIfTouched' if triggerAbove else 'Stop'
+            if isTrailingAmountOrder:
+                isStopSellOrder = (side == 'sell') and ((orderType == 'Stop') or (orderType == 'StopLimit'))
+                isBuyIfTouchedOrder = (side == 'buy') and ((orderType == 'MarketIfTouched') or (orderType == 'LimitIfTouched'))
+                if isStopSellOrder or isBuyIfTouchedOrder:
+                    trailingAmount = '-' + trailingAmount
+                request['pegOffsetValue'] = self.parse_to_numeric(trailingAmount)
+                request['pegPriceType'] = 'TrailingStopPeg'
+            else:
+                if triggerPrice is None:
+                    # if exchange specific trigger types were provided
+                    raise ArgumentsRequired(self.id + ' createOrder() requires a triggerPrice parameter for the ' + orderType + ' order type')
+                request['stopPx'] = self.parse_to_numeric(self.price_to_precision(symbol, triggerPrice))
+            request['ordType'] = orderType
+            params = self.omit(params, ['triggerPrice', 'stopPrice', 'stopPx', 'triggerDirection', 'trailingAmount'])
+        if (orderType == 'Limit') or (orderType == 'StopLimit') or (orderType == 'LimitIfTouched'):
+            request['price'] = self.parse_to_numeric(self.price_to_precision(symbol, price))
+        clientOrderId = self.safe_string_2(params, 'clOrdID', 'clientOrderId')
+        if clientOrderId is not None:
+            request['clOrdID'] = clientOrderId
+            params = self.omit(params, ['clOrdID', 'clientOrderId'])
+        response = self.privatePostOrder(self.extend(request, params))
+        return self.parse_order(response, market)
+
+    def edit_order(self, id: str, symbol: str, type: OrderType, side: OrderSide, amount: Num = None, price: Num = None, params={}):
+        self.load_markets()
+        request: dict = {}
+        trailingAmount = self.safe_string_2(params, 'trailingAmount', 'pegOffsetValue')
+        isTrailingAmountOrder = trailingAmount is not None
+        if isTrailingAmountOrder:
+            triggerDirection = self.safe_string(params, 'triggerDirection')
+            triggerAbove = (triggerDirection == 'above')
+            if (type == 'limit') or (type == 'market'):
+                self.check_required_argument('createOrder', triggerDirection, 'triggerDirection', ['above', 'below'])
+            orderType = None
+            if type == 'limit':
+                if side == 'buy':
+                    orderType = 'StopLimit' if triggerAbove else 'LimitIfTouched'
+                else:
+                    orderType = 'LimitIfTouched' if triggerAbove else 'StopLimit'
+            elif type == 'market':
+                if side == 'buy':
+                    orderType = 'Stop' if triggerAbove else 'MarketIfTouched'
+                else:
+                    orderType = 'MarketIfTouched' if triggerAbove else 'Stop'
+            isStopSellOrder = (side == 'sell') and ((orderType == 'Stop') or (orderType == 'StopLimit'))
+            isBuyIfTouchedOrder = (side == 'buy') and ((orderType == 'MarketIfTouched') or (orderType == 'LimitIfTouched'))
+            if isStopSellOrder or isBuyIfTouchedOrder:
+                trailingAmount = '-' + trailingAmount
+            request['pegOffsetValue'] = self.parse_to_numeric(trailingAmount)
+            params = self.omit(params, ['triggerDirection', 'trailingAmount'])
+        origClOrdID = self.safe_string_2(params, 'origClOrdID', 'clientOrderId')
+        if origClOrdID is not None:
+            request['origClOrdID'] = origClOrdID
+            clientOrderId = self.safe_string(params, 'clOrdID', 'clientOrderId')
+            if clientOrderId is not None:
+                request['clOrdID'] = clientOrderId
+            params = self.omit(params, ['origClOrdID', 'clOrdID', 'clientOrderId'])
+        else:
+            request['orderID'] = id
+        if amount is not None:
+            qty = self.parse_to_int(self.amount_to_precision(symbol, amount))
+            request['orderQty'] = qty
+        if price is not None:
+            request['price'] = price
+        brokerId = self.safe_string(self.options, 'brokerId', 'CCXT')
+        request['text'] = brokerId
+        response = self.privatePutOrder(self.extend(request, params))
+        return self.parse_order(response)
+
+    def cancel_order(self, id: str, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
+        """
+        cancels an open order
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Order/Order_cancel
+
+        :param str id: order id
+        :param str symbol: not used by bitmex cancelOrder()
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: An `order structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        # https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/issues/6507
+        clientOrderId = self.safe_value_2(params, 'clOrdID', 'clientOrderId')
+        request: dict = {}
+        if clientOrderId is None:
+            request['orderID'] = id
+        else:
+            request['clOrdID'] = clientOrderId
+            params = self.omit(params, ['clOrdID', 'clientOrderId'])
+        response = self.privateDeleteOrder(self.extend(request, params))
+        order = self.safe_value(response, 0, {})
+        error = self.safe_string(order, 'error')
+        if error is not None:
+            if error.find('Unable to cancel order due to existing state') >= 0:
+                raise OrderNotFound(self.id + ' cancelOrder() failed: ' + error)
+        return self.parse_order(order)
+
+    def cancel_orders(self, ids, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
+        """
+        cancel multiple orders
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Order/Order_cancel
+
+        :param str[] ids: order ids
+        :param str symbol: not used by bitmex cancelOrders()
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: an list of `order structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
+        """
+        # return self.cancel_order(ids, symbol, params)
+        self.load_markets()
+        # https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/issues/6507
+        clientOrderId = self.safe_value_2(params, 'clOrdID', 'clientOrderId')
+        request: dict = {}
+        if clientOrderId is None:
+            request['orderID'] = ids
+        else:
+            request['clOrdID'] = clientOrderId
+            params = self.omit(params, ['clOrdID', 'clientOrderId'])
+        response = self.privateDeleteOrder(self.extend(request, params))
+        return self.parse_orders(response)
+
+    def cancel_all_orders(self, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
+        """
+        cancel all open orders
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Order/Order_cancelAll
+
+        :param str symbol: unified market symbol, only orders in the market of self symbol are cancelled when symbol is not None
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict[]: a list of `order structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure>`
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        request: dict = {}
+        market = None
+        if symbol is not None:
+            market = self.market(symbol)
+            request['symbol'] = market['id']
+        response = self.privateDeleteOrderAll(self.extend(request, params))
+        #
+        #     [
+        #         {
+        #             "orderID": "string",
+        #             "clOrdID": "string",
+        #             "clOrdLinkID": "string",
+        #             "account": 0,
+        #             "symbol": "string",
+        #             "side": "string",
+        #             "simpleOrderQty": 0,
+        #             "orderQty": 0,
+        #             "price": 0,
+        #             "displayQty": 0,
+        #             "stopPx": 0,
+        #             "pegOffsetValue": 0,
+        #             "pegPriceType": "string",
+        #             "currency": "string",
+        #             "settlCurrency": "string",
+        #             "ordType": "string",
+        #             "timeInForce": "string",
+        #             "execInst": "string",
+        #             "contingencyType": "string",
+        #             "exDestination": "string",
+        #             "ordStatus": "string",
+        #             "triggered": "string",
+        #             "workingIndicator": True,
+        #             "ordRejReason": "string",
+        #             "simpleLeavesQty": 0,
+        #             "leavesQty": 0,
+        #             "simpleCumQty": 0,
+        #             "cumQty": 0,
+        #             "avgPx": 0,
+        #             "multiLegReportingType": "string",
+        #             "text": "string",
+        #             "transactTime": "2020-06-01T09:36:35.290Z",
+        #             "timestamp": "2020-06-01T09:36:35.290Z"
+        #         }
+        #     ]
+        #
+        return self.parse_orders(response, market)
+
+    def cancel_all_orders_after(self, timeout: Int, params={}):
+        """
+        dead man's switch, cancel all orders after the given timeout
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Order/Order_cancelAllAfter
+
+        :param number timeout: time in milliseconds, 0 represents cancel the timer
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: the api result
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        request: dict = {
+            'timeout': self.parse_to_int(timeout / 1000) if (timeout > 0) else 0,
+        }
+        response = self.privatePostOrderCancelAllAfter(self.extend(request, params))
+        #
+        #     {
+        #         now: '2024-04-09T09:01:56.560Z',
+        #         cancelTime: '2024-04-09T09:01:56.660Z'
+        #     }
+        #
+        return response
+
+    def fetch_leverages(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}) -> Leverages:
+        """
+        fetch the set leverage for all contract markets
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Position/Position_get
+
+        :param str[] [symbols]: a list of unified market symbols
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: a list of `leverage structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=leverage-structure>`
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        leverages = self.fetch_positions(symbols, params)
+        return self.parse_leverages(leverages, symbols, 'symbol')
+
+    def parse_leverage(self, leverage: dict, market: Market = None) -> Leverage:
+        marketId = self.safe_string(leverage, 'symbol')
+        return {
+            'info': leverage,
+            'symbol': self.safe_symbol(marketId, market),
+            'marginMode': self.safe_string_lower(leverage, 'marginMode'),
+            'longLeverage': self.safe_integer(leverage, 'leverage'),
+            'shortLeverage': self.safe_integer(leverage, 'leverage'),
+        }
+
+    def fetch_positions(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}):
+        """
+        fetch all open positions
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Position/Position_get
+
+        :param str[]|None symbols: list of unified market symbols
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict[]: a list of `position structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=position-structure>`
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        response = self.privateGetPosition(params)
+        #
+        #     [
+        #         {
+        #             "account": 0,
+        #             "symbol": "string",
+        #             "currency": "string",
+        #             "underlying": "string",
+        #             "quoteCurrency": "string",
+        #             "commission": 0,
+        #             "initMarginReq": 0,
+        #             "maintMarginReq": 0,
+        #             "riskLimit": 0,
+        #             "leverage": 0,
+        #             "crossMargin": True,
+        #             "deleveragePercentile": 0,
+        #             "rebalancedPnl": 0,
+        #             "prevRealisedPnl": 0,
+        #             "prevUnrealisedPnl": 0,
+        #             "prevClosePrice": 0,
+        #             "openingTimestamp": "2020-11-09T06:53:59.892Z",
+        #             "openingQty": 0,
+        #             "openingCost": 0,
+        #             "openingComm": 0,
+        #             "openOrderBuyQty": 0,
+        #             "openOrderBuyCost": 0,
+        #             "openOrderBuyPremium": 0,
+        #             "openOrderSellQty": 0,
+        #             "openOrderSellCost": 0,
+        #             "openOrderSellPremium": 0,
+        #             "execBuyQty": 0,
+        #             "execBuyCost": 0,
+        #             "execSellQty": 0,
+        #             "execSellCost": 0,
+        #             "execQty": 0,
+        #             "execCost": 0,
+        #             "execComm": 0,
+        #             "currentTimestamp": "2020-11-09T06:53:59.893Z",
+        #             "currentQty": 0,
+        #             "currentCost": 0,
+        #             "currentComm": 0,
+        #             "realisedCost": 0,
+        #             "unrealisedCost": 0,
+        #             "grossOpenCost": 0,
+        #             "grossOpenPremium": 0,
+        #             "grossExecCost": 0,
+        #             "isOpen": True,
+        #             "markPrice": 0,
+        #             "markValue": 0,
+        #             "riskValue": 0,
+        #             "homeNotional": 0,
+        #             "foreignNotional": 0,
+        #             "posState": "string",
+        #             "posCost": 0,
+        #             "posCost2": 0,
+        #             "posCross": 0,
+        #             "posInit": 0,
+        #             "posComm": 0,
+        #             "posLoss": 0,
+        #             "posMargin": 0,
+        #             "posMaint": 0,
+        #             "posAllowance": 0,
+        #             "taxableMargin": 0,
+        #             "initMargin": 0,
+        #             "maintMargin": 0,
+        #             "sessionMargin": 0,
+        #             "targetExcessMargin": 0,
+        #             "varMargin": 0,
+        #             "realisedGrossPnl": 0,
+        #             "realisedTax": 0,
+        #             "realisedPnl": 0,
+        #             "unrealisedGrossPnl": 0,
+        #             "longBankrupt": 0,
+        #             "shortBankrupt": 0,
+        #             "taxBase": 0,
+        #             "indicativeTaxRate": 0,
+        #             "indicativeTax": 0,
+        #             "unrealisedTax": 0,
+        #             "unrealisedPnl": 0,
+        #             "unrealisedPnlPcnt": 0,
+        #             "unrealisedRoePcnt": 0,
+        #             "simpleQty": 0,
+        #             "simpleCost": 0,
+        #             "simpleValue": 0,
+        #             "simplePnl": 0,
+        #             "simplePnlPcnt": 0,
+        #             "avgCostPrice": 0,
+        #             "avgEntryPrice": 0,
+        #             "breakEvenPrice": 0,
+        #             "marginCallPrice": 0,
+        #             "liquidationPrice": 0,
+        #             "bankruptPrice": 0,
+        #             "timestamp": "2020-11-09T06:53:59.894Z",
+        #             "lastPrice": 0,
+        #             "lastValue": 0
+        #         }
+        #     ]
+        #
+        results = self.parse_positions(response, symbols)
+        return self.filter_by_array_positions(results, 'symbol', symbols, False)
+
+    def parse_position(self, position: dict, market: Market = None):
+        #
+        #     {
+        #         "account": 9371654,
+        #         "symbol": "ETHUSDT",
+        #         "currency": "USDt",
+        #         "underlying": "ETH",
+        #         "quoteCurrency": "USDT",
+        #         "commission": 0.00075,
+        #         "initMarginReq": 0.3333333333333333,
+        #         "maintMarginReq": 0.01,
+        #         "riskLimit": 1000000000000,
+        #         "leverage": 3,
+        #         "crossMargin": False,
+        #         "deleveragePercentile": 1,
+        #         "rebalancedPnl": 0,
+        #         "prevRealisedPnl": 0,
+        #         "prevUnrealisedPnl": 0,
+        #         "prevClosePrice": 2053.738,
+        #         "openingTimestamp": "2022-05-21T04:00:00.000Z",
+        #         "openingQty": 0,
+        #         "openingCost": 0,
+        #         "openingComm": 0,
+        #         "openOrderBuyQty": 0,
+        #         "openOrderBuyCost": 0,
+        #         "openOrderBuyPremium": 0,
+        #         "openOrderSellQty": 0,
+        #         "openOrderSellCost": 0,
+        #         "openOrderSellPremium": 0,
+        #         "execBuyQty": 2000,
+        #         "execBuyCost": 39260000,
+        #         "execSellQty": 0,
+        #         "execSellCost": 0,
+        #         "execQty": 2000,
+        #         "execCost": 39260000,
+        #         "execComm": 26500,
+        #         "currentTimestamp": "2022-05-21T04:35:16.397Z",
+        #         "currentQty": 2000,
+        #         "currentCost": 39260000,
+        #         "currentComm": 26500,
+        #         "realisedCost": 0,
+        #         "unrealisedCost": 39260000,
+        #         "grossOpenCost": 0,
+        #         "grossOpenPremium": 0,
+        #         "grossExecCost": 39260000,
+        #         "isOpen": True,
+        #         "markPrice": 1964.195,
+        #         "markValue": 39283900,
+        #         "riskValue": 39283900,
+        #         "homeNotional": 0.02,
+        #         "foreignNotional": -39.2839,
+        #         "posState": "",
+        #         "posCost": 39260000,
+        #         "posCost2": 39260000,
+        #         "posCross": 0,
+        #         "posInit": 13086667,
+        #         "posComm": 39261,
+        #         "posLoss": 0,
+        #         "posMargin": 13125928,
+        #         "posMaint": 435787,
+        #         "posAllowance": 0,
+        #         "taxableMargin": 0,
+        #         "initMargin": 0,
+        #         "maintMargin": 13149828,
+        #         "sessionMargin": 0,
+        #         "targetExcessMargin": 0,
+        #         "varMargin": 0,
+        #         "realisedGrossPnl": 0,
+        #         "realisedTax": 0,
+        #         "realisedPnl": -26500,
+        #         "unrealisedGrossPnl": 23900,
+        #         "longBankrupt": 0,
+        #         "shortBankrupt": 0,
+        #         "taxBase": 0,
+        #         "indicativeTaxRate": null,
+        #         "indicativeTax": 0,
+        #         "unrealisedTax": 0,
+        #         "unrealisedPnl": 23900,
+        #         "unrealisedPnlPcnt": 0.0006,
+        #         "unrealisedRoePcnt": 0.0018,
+        #         "simpleQty": null,
+        #         "simpleCost": null,
+        #         "simpleValue": null,
+        #         "simplePnl": null,
+        #         "simplePnlPcnt": null,
+        #         "avgCostPrice": 1963,
+        #         "avgEntryPrice": 1963,
+        #         "breakEvenPrice": 1964.35,
+        #         "marginCallPrice": 1328.5,
+        #         "liquidationPrice": 1328.5,
+        #         "bankruptPrice": 1308.7,
+        #         "timestamp": "2022-05-21T04:35:16.397Z",
+        #         "lastPrice": 1964.195,
+        #         "lastValue": 39283900
+        #     }
+        #
+        market = self.safe_market(self.safe_string(position, 'symbol'), market)
+        symbol = market['symbol']
+        datetime = self.safe_string(position, 'timestamp')
+        crossMargin = self.safe_value(position, 'crossMargin')
+        marginMode = 'cross' if (crossMargin is True) else 'isolated'
+        notionalString = Precise.string_abs(self.safe_string_2(position, 'foreignNotional', 'homeNotional'))
+        settleCurrencyCode = self.safe_string(market, 'settle')
+        maintenanceMargin = self.convert_to_real_amount(settleCurrencyCode, self.safe_string(position, 'maintMargin'))
+        unrealisedPnl = self.convert_to_real_amount(settleCurrencyCode, self.safe_string(position, 'unrealisedPnl'))
+        contracts = self.parse_number(Precise.string_abs(self.safe_string(position, 'currentQty')))
+        contractSize = self.safe_number(market, 'contractSize')
+        side = None
+        homeNotional = self.safe_string(position, 'homeNotional')
+        if homeNotional is not None:
+            if homeNotional[0] == '-':
+                side = 'short'
+            else:
+                side = 'long'
+        return self.safe_position({
+            'info': position,
+            'id': self.safe_string(position, 'account'),
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'timestamp': self.parse8601(datetime),
+            'datetime': datetime,
+            'lastUpdateTimestamp': None,
+            'hedged': None,
+            'side': side,
+            'contracts': contracts,
+            'contractSize': contractSize,
+            'entryPrice': self.safe_number(position, 'avgEntryPrice'),
+            'markPrice': self.safe_number(position, 'markPrice'),
+            'lastPrice': None,
+            'notional': self.parse_number(notionalString),
+            'leverage': self.safe_number(position, 'leverage'),
+            'collateral': None,
+            'initialMargin': self.safe_number(position, 'initMargin'),
+            'initialMarginPercentage': self.safe_number(position, 'initMarginReq'),
+            'maintenanceMargin': maintenanceMargin,
+            'maintenanceMarginPercentage': self.safe_number(position, 'maintMarginReq'),
+            'unrealizedPnl': unrealisedPnl,
+            'liquidationPrice': self.safe_number(position, 'liquidationPrice'),
+            'marginMode': marginMode,
+            'marginRatio': None,
+            'percentage': self.safe_number(position, 'unrealisedPnlPcnt'),
+            'stopLossPrice': None,
+            'takeProfitPrice': None,
+        })
+
+    def withdraw(self, code: str, amount: float, address: str, tag=None, params={}) -> Transaction:
+        """
+        make a withdrawal
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /User/User_requestWithdrawal
+
+        :param str code: unified currency code
+        :param float amount: the amount to withdraw
+        :param str address: the address to withdraw to
+        :param str tag:
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: a `transaction structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=transaction-structure>`
+        """
+        tag, params = self.handle_withdraw_tag_and_params(tag, params)
+        self.check_address(address)
+        self.load_markets()
+        currency = self.currency(code)
+        qty = self.convert_from_real_amount(code, amount)
+        networkCode = None
+        networkCode, params = self.handle_network_code_and_params(params)
+        request: dict = {
+            'currency': currency['id'],
+            'amount': qty,
+            'address': address,
+            'network': self.network_code_to_id(networkCode, currency['code']),
+            # 'otpToken': '123456',  # requires if two-factor auth(OTP) is enabled
+            # 'fee': 0.001,  # bitcoin network fee
+        }
+        if self.twofa is not None:
+            request['otpToken'] = self.totp(self.twofa)
+        response = self.privatePostUserRequestWithdrawal(self.extend(request, params))
+        #
+        #     {
+        #         "transactID": "3aece414-bb29-76c8-6c6d-16a477a51a1e",
+        #         "account": 1403035,
+        #         "currency": "USDt",
+        #         "network": "tron",
+        #         "transactType": "Withdrawal",
+        #         "amount": -11000000,
+        #         "fee": 1000000,
+        #         "transactStatus": "Pending",
+        #         "address": "TAf5JxcAQQsC2Nm2zu21XE2iDtnisxPo1x",
+        #         "tx": "",
+        #         "text": "",
+        #         "transactTime": "2022-12-16T07:37:06.500Z",
+        #         "timestamp": "2022-12-16T07:37:06.500Z",
+        #     }
+        #
+        return self.parse_transaction(response, currency)
+
+    def fetch_funding_rates(self, symbols: Strings = None, params={}) -> FundingRates:
+        """
+        fetch the funding rate for multiple markets
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Instrument/Instrument_getActiveAndIndices
+
+        :param str[]|None symbols: list of unified market symbols
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict[]: a list of `funding rate structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=funding-rates-structure>`, indexed by market symbols
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        response = self.publicGetInstrumentActiveAndIndices(params)
+        # same response "fetchMarkets"
+        filteredResponse = []
+        for i in range(0, len(response)):
+            item = response[i]
+            marketId = self.safe_string(item, 'symbol')
+            market = self.safe_market(marketId)
+            swap = self.safe_bool(market, 'swap', False)
+            if swap:
+                filteredResponse.append(item)
+        symbols = self.market_symbols(symbols)
+        result = self.parse_funding_rates(filteredResponse)
+        return self.filter_by_array(result, 'symbol', symbols)
+
+    def parse_funding_rate(self, contract, market: Market = None) -> FundingRate:
+        # see response sample under "fetchMarkets" because same endpoint is being used here
+        datetime = self.safe_string(contract, 'timestamp')
+        marketId = self.safe_string(contract, 'symbol')
+        fundingDatetime = self.safe_string(contract, 'fundingTimestamp')
+        return {
+            'info': contract,
+            'symbol': self.safe_symbol(marketId, market),
+            'markPrice': self.safe_number(contract, 'markPrice'),
+            'indexPrice': None,
+            'interestRate': None,
+            'estimatedSettlePrice': self.safe_number(contract, 'indicativeSettlePrice'),
+            'timestamp': self.parse8601(datetime),
+            'datetime': datetime,
+            'fundingRate': self.safe_number(contract, 'fundingRate'),
+            'fundingTimestamp': self.parse8601(fundingDatetime),
+            'fundingDatetime': fundingDatetime,
+            'nextFundingRate': self.safe_number(contract, 'indicativeFundingRate'),
+            'nextFundingTimestamp': None,
+            'nextFundingDatetime': None,
+            'previousFundingRate': None,
+            'previousFundingTimestamp': None,
+            'previousFundingDatetime': None,
+            'interval': None,
+        }
+
+    def fetch_funding_rate_history(self, symbol: Str = None, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
+        """
+        Fetches the history of funding rates
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Funding/Funding_get
+
+        :param str symbol: unified symbol of the market to fetch the funding rate history for
+        :param int [since]: timestamp in ms of the earliest funding rate to fetch
+        :param int [limit]: the maximum amount of `funding rate structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=funding-rate-history-structure>` to fetch
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :param int [params.until]: timestamp in ms for ending date filter
+        :param bool [params.reverse]: if True, will sort results newest first
+        :param int [params.start]: starting point for results
+        :param str [params.columns]: array of column names to fetch in info, if omitted, will return all columns
+        :param str [params.filter]: generic table filter, send json key/value pairs, such as {"key": "value"}, you can key on individual fields, and do more advanced querying on timestamps, see the `timestamp docs <https://www.bitmex.com/app/restAPI#Timestamp-Filters>` for more details
+        :returns dict[]: a list of `funding rate structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=funding-rate-history-structure>`
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        request: dict = {}
+        market = None
+        if symbol in self.currencies:
+            code = self.currency(symbol)
+            request['symbol'] = code['id']
+        elif symbol is not None:
+            splitSymbol = symbol.split(':')
+            splitSymbolLength = len(splitSymbol)
+            timeframes = ['nearest', 'daily', 'weekly', 'monthly', 'quarterly', 'biquarterly', 'perpetual']
+            if (splitSymbolLength > 1) and self.in_array(splitSymbol[1], timeframes):
+                code = self.currency(splitSymbol[0])
+                symbol = code['id'] + ':' + splitSymbol[1]
+                request['symbol'] = symbol
+            else:
+                market = self.market(symbol)
+                request['symbol'] = market['id']
+        if since is not None:
+            request['startTime'] = self.iso8601(since)
+        if limit is not None:
+            request['count'] = limit
+        until = self.safe_integer(params, 'until')
+        params = self.omit(params, ['until'])
+        if until is not None:
+            request['endTime'] = self.iso8601(until)
+        if (since is None) and (until is None):
+            request['reverse'] = True
+        response = self.publicGetFunding(self.extend(request, params))
+        #
+        #    [
+        #        {
+        #            "timestamp": "2016-05-07T12:00:00.000Z",
+        #            "symbol": "ETHXBT",
+        #            "fundingInterval": "2000-01-02T00:00:00.000Z",
+        #            "fundingRate": 0.0010890000000000001,
+        #            "fundingRateDaily": 0.0010890000000000001
+        #        }
+        #    ]
+        #
+        return self.parse_funding_rate_histories(response, market, since, limit)
+
+    def parse_funding_rate_history(self, info, market: Market = None):
+        #
+        #    {
+        #        "timestamp": "2016-05-07T12:00:00.000Z",
+        #        "symbol": "ETHXBT",
+        #        "fundingInterval": "2000-01-02T00:00:00.000Z",
+        #        "fundingRate": 0.0010890000000000001,
+        #        "fundingRateDaily": 0.0010890000000000001
+        #    }
+        #
+        marketId = self.safe_string(info, 'symbol')
+        datetime = self.safe_string(info, 'timestamp')
+        return {
+            'info': info,
+            'symbol': self.safe_symbol(marketId, market),
+            'fundingRate': self.safe_number(info, 'fundingRate'),
+            'timestamp': self.parse8601(datetime),
+            'datetime': datetime,
+        }
+
+    def set_leverage(self, leverage: Int, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
+        """
+        set the level of leverage for a market
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Position/Position_updateLeverage
+
+        :param float leverage: the rate of leverage
+        :param str symbol: unified market symbol
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: response from the exchange
+        """
+        if symbol is None:
+            raise ArgumentsRequired(self.id + ' setLeverage() requires a symbol argument')
+        if (leverage < 0.01) or (leverage > 100):
+            raise BadRequest(self.id + ' leverage should be between 0.01 and 100')
+        self.load_markets()
+        market = self.market(symbol)
+        if market['type'] != 'swap' and market['type'] != 'future':
+            raise BadSymbol(self.id + ' setLeverage() supports future and swap contracts only')
+        request: dict = {
+            'symbol': market['id'],
+            'leverage': leverage,
+        }
+        return self.privatePostPositionLeverage(self.extend(request, params))
+
+    def set_margin_mode(self, marginMode: str, symbol: Str = None, params={}):
+        """
+        set margin mode to 'cross' or 'isolated'
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Position/Position_isolateMargin
+
+        :param str marginMode: 'cross' or 'isolated'
+        :param str symbol: unified market symbol
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: response from the exchange
+        """
+        if symbol is None:
+            raise ArgumentsRequired(self.id + ' setMarginMode() requires a symbol argument')
+        marginMode = marginMode.lower()
+        if marginMode != 'isolated' and marginMode != 'cross':
+            raise BadRequest(self.id + ' setMarginMode() marginMode argument should be isolated or cross')
+        self.load_markets()
+        market = self.market(symbol)
+        if (market['type'] != 'swap') and (market['type'] != 'future'):
+            raise BadSymbol(self.id + ' setMarginMode() supports swap and future contracts only')
+        enabled = False if (marginMode == 'cross') else True
+        request: dict = {
+            'symbol': market['id'],
+            'enabled': enabled,
+        }
+        return self.privatePostPositionIsolate(self.extend(request, params))
+
+    def fetch_deposit_address(self, code: str, params={}) -> DepositAddress:
+        """
+        fetch the deposit address for a currency associated with self account
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /User/User_getDepositAddress
+
+        :param str code: unified currency code
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :param str [params.network]: deposit chain, can view all chains via self.publicGetWalletAssets, default is eth, unless the currency has a default chain within self.options['networks']
+        :returns dict: an `address structure <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=address-structure>`
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        networkCode = None
+        networkCode, params = self.handle_network_code_and_params(params)
+        if networkCode is None:
+            raise ArgumentsRequired(self.id + ' fetchDepositAddress requires params["network"]')
+        currency = self.currency(code)
+        params = self.omit(params, 'network')
+        request: dict = {
+            'currency': currency['id'],
+            'network': self.network_code_to_id(networkCode, currency['code']),
+        }
+        response = self.privateGetUserDepositAddress(self.extend(request, params))
+        #
+        #    '"bc1qmex3puyrzn2gduqcnlu70c2uscpyaa9nm2l2j9le2lt2wkgmw33sy7ndjg"'
+        #
+        return {
+            'info': response,
+            'currency': code,
+            'network': networkCode,
+            'address': response.replace('"', '').replace('"', ''),  # Done twice because some languages only replace the first instance
+            'tag': None,
+        }
+
+    def parse_deposit_withdraw_fee(self, fee, currency: Currency = None):
+        #
+        #    {
+        #        "asset": "XBT",
+        #        "currency": "XBt",
+        #        "majorCurrency": "XBT",
+        #        "name": "Bitcoin",
+        #        "currencyType": "Crypto",
+        #        "scale": "8",
+        #        "enabled": True,
+        #        "isMarginCurrency": True,
+        #        "minDepositAmount": "10000",
+        #        "minWithdrawalAmount": "1000",
+        #        "maxWithdrawalAmount": "100000000000000",
+        #        "networks": [
+        #            {
+        #                "asset": "btc",
+        #                "tokenAddress": '',
+        #                "depositEnabled": True,
+        #                "withdrawalEnabled": True,
+        #                "withdrawalFee": "20000",
+        #                "minFee": "20000",
+        #                "maxFee": "10000000"
+        #            }
+        #        ]
+        #    }
+        #
+        networks = self.safe_value(fee, 'networks', [])
+        networksLength = len(networks)
+        result: dict = {
+            'info': fee,
+            'withdraw': {
+                'fee': None,
+                'percentage': None,
+            },
+            'deposit': {
+                'fee': None,
+                'percentage': None,
+            },
+            'networks': {},
+        }
+        if networksLength != 0:
+            scale = self.safe_string(fee, 'scale')
+            precision = self.parse_precision(scale)
+            for i in range(0, networksLength):
+                network = networks[i]
+                networkId = self.safe_string(network, 'asset')
+                currencyCode = self.safe_string(currency, 'code')
+                networkCode = self.network_id_to_code(networkId, currencyCode)
+                withdrawalFeeId = self.safe_string(network, 'withdrawalFee')
+                withdrawalFee = self.parse_number(Precise.string_mul(withdrawalFeeId, precision))
+                result['networks'][networkCode] = {
+                    'deposit': {'fee': None, 'percentage': None},
+                    'withdraw': {'fee': withdrawalFee, 'percentage': False},
+                }
+                if networksLength == 1:
+                    result['withdraw']['fee'] = withdrawalFee
+                    result['withdraw']['percentage'] = False
+        return result
+
+    def fetch_deposit_withdraw_fees(self, codes: Strings = None, params={}):
+        """
+        fetch deposit and withdraw fees
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Wallet/Wallet_getAssetsConfig
+
+        :param str[]|None codes: list of unified currency codes
+        :param dict [params]: extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+        :returns dict: a list of `fee structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=fee-structure>`
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        assets = self.publicGetWalletAssets(params)
+        #
+        #    [
+        #        {
+        #            "asset": "XBT",
+        #            "currency": "XBt",
+        #            "majorCurrency": "XBT",
+        #            "name": "Bitcoin",
+        #            "currencyType": "Crypto",
+        #            "scale": "8",
+        #            "enabled": True,
+        #            "isMarginCurrency": True,
+        #            "minDepositAmount": "10000",
+        #            "minWithdrawalAmount": "1000",
+        #            "maxWithdrawalAmount": "100000000000000",
+        #            "networks": [
+        #                {
+        #                    "asset": "btc",
+        #                    "tokenAddress": '',
+        #                    "depositEnabled": True,
+        #                    "withdrawalEnabled": True,
+        #                    "withdrawalFee": "20000",
+        #                    "minFee": "20000",
+        #                    "maxFee": "10000000"
+        #                }
+        #            ]
+        #        },
+        #        ...
+        #    ]
+        #
+        return self.parse_deposit_withdraw_fees(assets, codes, 'asset')
+
+    def calculate_rate_limiter_cost(self, api, method, path, params, config={}):
+        isAuthenticated = self.check_required_credentials(False)
+        cost = self.safe_value(config, 'cost', 1)
+        if cost != 1:  # trading endpoints
+            if isAuthenticated:
+                return cost
+            else:
+                return 20
+        return cost
+
+    def fetch_liquidations(self, symbol: str, since: Int = None, limit: Int = None, params={}):
+        """
+        retrieves the public liquidations of a trading pair
+
+        https://www.bitmex.com/api/explorer/#not /Liquidation/Liquidation_get
+
+        :param str symbol: unified CCXT market symbol
+        :param int [since]: the earliest time in ms to fetch liquidations for
+        :param int [limit]: the maximum number of liquidation structures to retrieve
+        :param dict [params]: exchange specific parameters for the bitmex api endpoint
+        :param int [params.until]: timestamp in ms of the latest liquidation
+        :param boolean [params.paginate]: default False, when True will automatically paginate by calling self endpoint multiple times. See in the docs all the [availble parameters](https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#pagination-params)
+        :returns dict: an array of `liquidation structures <https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=liquidation-structure>`
+        """
+        self.load_markets()
+        paginate = False
+        paginate, params = self.handle_option_and_params(params, 'fetchLiquidations', 'paginate')
+        if paginate:
+            return self.fetch_paginated_call_dynamic('fetchLiquidations', symbol, since, limit, params)
+        market = self.market(symbol)
+        request: dict = {
+            'symbol': market['id'],
+        }
+        if since is not None:
+            request['startTime'] = since
+        if limit is not None:
+            request['count'] = limit
+        request, params = self.handle_until_option('endTime', request, params)
+        response = self.publicGetLiquidation(self.extend(request, params))
+        #
+        #     [
+        #         {
+        #             "orderID": "string",
+        #             "symbol": "string",
+        #             "side": "string",
+        #             "price": 0,
+        #             "leavesQty": 0
+        #         }
+        #     ]
+        #
+        return self.parse_liquidations(response, market, since, limit)
+
+    def parse_liquidation(self, liquidation, market: Market = None):
+        #
+        #     {
+        #         "orderID": "string",
+        #         "symbol": "string",
+        #         "side": "string",
+        #         "price": 0,
+        #         "leavesQty": 0
+        #     }
+        #
+        marketId = self.safe_string(liquidation, 'symbol')
+        return self.safe_liquidation({
+            'info': liquidation,
+            'symbol': self.safe_symbol(marketId, market),
+            'contracts': None,
+            'contractSize': self.safe_number(market, 'contractSize'),
+            'price': self.safe_number(liquidation, 'price'),
+            'baseValue': None,
+            'quoteValue': None,
+            'timestamp': None,
+            'datetime': None,
+        })
+
+    def handle_errors(self, code: int, reason: str, url: str, method: str, headers: dict, body: str, response, requestHeaders, requestBody):
+        if response is None:
+            return None
+        if code == 429:
+            raise DDoSProtection(self.id + ' ' + body)
+        if code >= 400:
+            error = self.safe_value(response, 'error', {})
+            message = self.safe_string(error, 'message')
+            feedback = self.id + ' ' + body
+            self.throw_exactly_matched_exception(self.exceptions['exact'], message, feedback)
+            self.throw_broadly_matched_exception(self.exceptions['broad'], message, feedback)
+            if code == 400:
+                raise BadRequest(feedback)
+            raise ExchangeError(feedback)  # unknown message
+        return None
+
+    def nonce(self):
+        return self.milliseconds()
+
+    def sign(self, path, api='public', method='GET', params={}, headers=None, body=None):
+        query = '/api/' + self.version + '/' + path
+        if method == 'GET':
+            if params:
+                query += '?' + self.urlencode(params)
+        else:
+            format = self.safe_string(params, '_format')
+            if format is not None:
+                query += '?' + self.urlencode({'_format': format})
+                params = self.omit(params, '_format')
+        url = self.urls['api'][api] + query
+        isAuthenticated = self.check_required_credentials(False)
+        if api == 'private' or (api == 'public' and isAuthenticated):
+            self.check_required_credentials()
+            auth = method + query
+            expires = self.safe_integer(self.options, 'api-expires')
+            headers = {
+                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+                'api-key': self.apiKey,
+            }
+            expires = self.sum(self.seconds(), expires)
+            stringExpires = str(expires)
+            auth += stringExpires
+            headers['api-expires'] = stringExpires
+            if method == 'POST' or method == 'PUT' or method == 'DELETE':
+                if params:
+                    body = self.json(params)
+                    auth += body
+            headers['api-signature'] = self.hmac(self.encode(auth), self.encode(self.secret), hashlib.sha256)
+        return {'url': url, 'method': method, 'body': body, 'headers': headers}