bitarray 3.12.2__cp313-cp313-pyemscripten_2025_0_wasm32.whl

bitarray-3.12.2.dist-info/METADATA

@@ -0,0 +1,1134 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: bitarray
+Version: 3.12.2
+Summary: efficient arrays of booleans -- C extension
+Home-page: https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray
+Author: Ilan Schnell
+Author-email: ilanschnell@gmail.com
+License: PSF-2.0
+Classifier: Development Status :: 6 - Mature
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: C
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.15
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Free Threading :: 2 - Beta
+Classifier: Topic :: Utilities
+Requires-Python: >=3.7
+License-File: LICENSE
+Dynamic: author
+Dynamic: author-email
+Dynamic: classifier
+Dynamic: description
+Dynamic: home-page
+Dynamic: license
+Dynamic: license-file
+Dynamic: requires-python
+Dynamic: summary
+
+bitarray: efficient arrays of booleans
+======================================
+
+This library provides an object type which efficiently represents an array
+of booleans.  Bitarrays are sequence types and behave very much like usual
+lists.  Eight bits are represented by one byte in a contiguous block of
+memory.  The user can select between two representations: little-endian
+and big-endian.  All functionality is implemented in C.
+Methods for accessing the machine representation are provided, including the
+ability to import and export buffers.  This allows creating bitarrays that
+are mapped to other objects, including memory-mapped files.
+
+
+Key features
+------------
+
+* The bit-endianness can be specified for each bitarray object, see below.
+* Sequence methods: slicing (including slice assignment and deletion),
+  operations ``+``, ``*``, ``+=``, ``*=``, the ``in`` operator, ``len()``
+* Bitwise operations: ``~``, ``&``, ``|``, ``^``, ``<<``, ``>>`` (as well as
+  their in-place versions ``&=``, ``|=``, ``^=``, ``<<=``, ``>>=``).
+* `Free-threading support <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/free_threading.rst>`__
+  (for GIL-disabled CPython 3.14 and later)
+* Fast methods for encoding and decoding variable-length
+  `prefix codes <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/prefix_codes.rst>`__.
+* Bitarray objects support the `buffer protocol <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/buffer.rst>`__
+  (both importing and exporting buffers).
+* Efficient packing and unpacking for interoperability with byte-oriented
+  objects such as `NumPy arrays <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/ndarray.rst>`__.
+* Pickling and unpickling of bitarray objects.
+* Immutable ``frozenbitarray`` objects which are hashable
+* Fast searching for bits and bit patterns
+* ``bitfields`` sub-module for packing and unpacking fixed-width
+  `bit-field structures <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/bitfields.rst>`__
+* Type hinting
+* Extensive test suite with over 700 unit tests
+* Utility module ``bitarray.util``:
+
+  * conversion to and from hexadecimal strings
+  * generating random bitarrays
+  * pretty printing
+  * conversion to and from integers
+  * creating Huffman codes
+  * `compression of sparse bitarrays <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/sparse_compression.rst>`__
+  * run-length encoding
+  * serialization and deserialization
+  * various count functions
+  * other helpful functions
+
+
+Installation
+------------
+
+Python wheels are are available on PyPI for all major platforms and Python
+versions.  Which means you can simply:
+
+.. code-block:: shell-session
+
+    $ pip install bitarray
+
+Once you have installed the package, you may want to test it:
+
+.. code-block:: shell-session
+
+    $ python -c 'import bitarray; bitarray.test()'
+    bitarray is installed in: /Users/ilan/bitarray/bitarray
+    sys.prefix: /Users/ilan/miniforge
+    bitarray version: 3.12.2
+    sys.version: 3.15.0 (main, Oct  9 2026) [Clang 21.1.8]
+    sys.abiflags: ''
+    sys._is_gil_enabled(): True
+    pointer size: 64 bit
+    sizeof(size_t): 8
+    sizeof(bitarrayobject): 80
+    HAVE_BUILTIN_BSWAP64: 1
+    default bit-endianness: big
+    machine byte-order: little
+    Py_GIL_DISABLED: 0
+    Py_DEBUG: 0
+    DEBUG: 0
+    .....................................s...................................
+    ..........s.....................................s........................
+    ......s.........................................................
+    ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    Ran 711 tests in 0.161s
+
+    OK (skipped=4)
+
+The ``test()`` function is part of the API.  It will return
+a ``unittest.runner.TextTestResult`` object, such that one can verify that
+all tests ran successfully by:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    import bitarray
+    assert bitarray.test().wasSuccessful()
+
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+As mentioned above, bitarray objects behave very much like lists, so
+there is not too much to learn.  The biggest difference from list
+objects (except that bitarray are obviously homogeneous) is the ability
+to access the machine representation of the object.
+When doing so, the bit-endianness is of importance; this issue is
+explained in detail in the section below.  Here, we demonstrate the
+basic usage of bitarray objects:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    >>> from bitarray import bitarray
+    >>> a = bitarray()         # create empty bitarray
+    >>> a.append(1)
+    >>> a.extend([1, 0])
+    >>> a
+    bitarray('110')
+    >>> x = bitarray(2 ** 20)  # bitarray of length 1048576 (initialized to 0)
+    >>> len(x)
+    1048576
+    >>> bitarray('1001 011')   # initialize from string (whitespace is ignored)
+    bitarray('1001011')
+    >>> lst = [1, 0, False, True, True]
+    >>> a = bitarray(lst)      # initialize from iterable
+    >>> a
+    bitarray('10011')
+    >>> a[2]    # indexing a single item will always return an integer
+    0
+    >>> a[2:4]  # whereas indexing a slice will always return a bitarray
+    bitarray('01')
+    >>> a[2:3]  # even when the slice length is just one
+    bitarray('0')
+    >>> a.count(1)
+    3
+    >>> a.remove(0)            # removes first occurrence of 0
+    >>> a
+    bitarray('1011')
+
+Like lists, bitarray objects support slice assignment and deletion:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    >>> a = bitarray(50)
+    >>> a.setall(0)            # set all elements in a to 0
+    >>> a[11:37:3] = 9 * bitarray('1')
+    >>> a
+    bitarray('00000000000100100100100100100100100100000000000000')
+    >>> del a[12::3]
+    >>> a
+    bitarray('0000000000010101010101010101000000000')
+    >>> a[-6:] = bitarray('10011')
+    >>> a
+    bitarray('000000000001010101010101010100010011')
+    >>> a += bitarray('000111')
+    >>> a[9:]
+    bitarray('001010101010101010100010011000111')
+
+In addition, slices can be assigned to booleans, which is easier (and
+faster) than assigning to a bitarray in which all values are the same:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    >>> a = 20 * bitarray('0')
+    >>> a[1:15:3] = True
+    >>> a
+    bitarray('01001001001001000000')
+
+This is easier and faster than:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    >>> a = 20 * bitarray('0')
+    >>> a[1:15:3] = 5 * bitarray('1')
+    >>> a
+    bitarray('01001001001001000000')
+
+Note that in the latter we have to create a temporary bitarray whose length
+must be known or calculated.  Another example of assigning slices to Booleans,
+is setting ranges:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    >>> a = bitarray(30)
+    >>> a[:] = 0         # set all elements to 0 - equivalent to a.setall(0)
+    >>> a[10:25] = 1     # set elements in range(10, 25) to 1
+    >>> a
+    bitarray('000000000011111111111111100000')
+
+As of bitarray version 2.8, indices may also be lists of arbitrary
+indices (like in NumPy), or bitarrays that are treated as masks,
+see `Bitarray indexing <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/indexing.rst>`__.
+
+
+Bitwise operators
+-----------------
+
+Bitarray objects support the bitwise operators ``~``, ``&``, ``|``, ``^``,
+``<<``, ``>>`` (as well as their in-place versions ``&=``, ``|=``, ``^=``,
+``<<=``, ``>>=``).  The behavior is very much what one would expect:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    >>> a = bitarray('101110001')
+    >>> ~a  # invert
+    bitarray('010001110')
+    >>> b = bitarray('111001011')
+    >>> a ^ b  # bitwise XOR
+    bitarray('010111010')
+    >>> a &= b  # inplace AND
+    >>> a
+    bitarray('101000001')
+    >>> a <<= 2  # in-place left-shift by 2
+    >>> a
+    bitarray('100000100')
+    >>> b >> 1  # return b right-shifted by 1
+    bitarray('011100101')
+
+The C language does not specify the behavior of negative shifts and
+of left shifts larger or equal than the width of the promoted left operand.
+The exact behavior is compiler/machine specific.
+This Python bitarray library specifies the behavior as follows:
+
+* the length of the bitarray is never changed by any shift operation
+* blanks are filled by 0
+* negative shifts raise ``ValueError``
+* shifts larger or equal to the length of the bitarray result in
+  bitarrays with all values 0
+
+It is worth noting that (regardless of bit-endianness) the bitarray left
+shift (``<<``) always shifts towards lower indices, and the right
+shift (``>>``) always shifts towards higher indices.
+
+
+Bit-endianness
+--------------
+
+For many purposes the bit-endianness is not of any relevance to the end user
+and can be regarded as an implementation detail of bitarray objects.
+However, there are use cases when the bit-endianness becomes important.
+These use cases involve explicitly reading and writing the bitarray buffer
+using ``.tobytes()``, ``.frombytes()``, ``.tofile()`` or ``.fromfile()``,
+importing and exporting buffers.  Also, a number of utility functions
+in ``bitarray.util`` will return different results depending on
+bit-endianness, such as ``ba2hex()`` or ``ba2int``.
+To better understand this topic, please read `bit-endianness <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/endianness.rst>`__.
+
+
+Buffer protocol
+---------------
+
+Bitarray objects support the buffer protocol.  They can both export their
+own buffer, as well as import another object's buffer.  To learn more about
+this topic, please read `buffer protocol <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/buffer.rst>`__.  There is also an example that shows how
+to memory-map a file to a bitarray: `mmapped-file.py <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/examples/mmapped-file.py>`__
+
+
+Frozenbitarrays
+---------------
+
+A ``frozenbitarray`` object is very similar to the bitarray object.
+The difference is that this a ``frozenbitarray`` is immutable, and hashable,
+and can therefore be used as a dictionary key:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    >>> from bitarray import frozenbitarray
+    >>> key = frozenbitarray('1100011')
+    >>> {key: 'some value'}
+    {frozenbitarray('1100011'): 'some value'}
+    >>> key[3] = 1
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    TypeError: frozenbitarray is immutable
+
+
+Reference
+=========
+
+bitarray version: 3.12.2 -- `change log <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/changelog.rst>`__
+
+In the following, ``item`` and ``value`` are usually a single bit -
+an integer 0 or 1.
+
+Also, ``sub_bitarray`` refers to either a bitarray, or an ``item``.
+
+
+The bitarray object:
+--------------------
+
+``bitarray(initializer=0, /, endian='big', buffer=None)`` -> bitarray
+   Return a new bitarray object whose items are bits initialized from
+   the optional initializer, and bit-endianness.
+   The initializer may be one of the following types:
+   a.) ``int`` bitarray, initialized to zeros, of given length
+   b.) ``bytes`` or ``bytearray`` to initialize buffer directly
+   c.) ``str`` of 0s and 1s, ignoring whitespace and "_"
+   d.) iterable of integers 0 or 1.
+
+   Optional keyword arguments:
+
+   ``endian``: Specifies the bit-endianness of the created bitarray object.
+   Allowed values are ``big`` and ``little`` (the default is ``big``).
+   The bit-endianness affects the buffer representation of the bitarray.
+
+   ``buffer``: Any object which exposes a buffer.  When provided, ``initializer``
+   cannot be present (or has to be ``None``).  The imported buffer may be
+   read-only or writable, depending on the object type.
+
+   New in version 2.3: optional ``buffer`` argument
+
+   New in version 3.4: allow initializer ``bytes`` or ``bytearray`` to set buffer directly
+
+
+bitarray methods:
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+``all()`` -> bool
+   Return ``True`` when all bits in bitarray are 1.
+   ``a.all()`` is a faster version of ``all(a)``.
+
+
+``any()`` -> bool
+   Return ``True`` when any bit in bitarray is 1.
+   ``a.any()`` is a faster version of ``any(a)``.
+
+
+``append(item, /)``
+   Append ``item`` to the end of the bitarray.
+
+
+``buffer_info()`` -> BufferInfo
+   Return named tuple with following fields:
+
+   0. ``address``: memory address of buffer
+   1. ``nbytes``: buffer size (in bytes)
+   2. ``endian``: bit-endianness as a string
+   3. ``padbits``: number of pad bits
+   4. ``alloc``: allocated memory for buffer (in bytes)
+   5. ``readonly``: memory is read-only (bool)
+   6. ``imported``: buffer is imported (bool)
+   7. ``exports``: number of buffer exports
+
+   New in version 3.7: return named tuple
+
+
+``bytereverse(start=0, stop=<end of buffer>, /)``
+   For each byte in byte-range(``start``, ``stop``) reverse bits in-place.
+   The start and stop indices are given in terms of bytes (not bits) and
+   are interpreted like slice bounds and clipped to the buffer size.
+   Also note that this method only changes the buffer; it does not change the
+   bit-endianness of the bitarray object.  Pad bits are left unchanged such
+   that two consecutive calls will always leave the bitarray unchanged.
+
+   New in version 2.2.5: optional start and stop arguments
+
+   New in version 3.9.1: clip arguments instead of raising ``IndexError``
+
+
+``clear()``
+   Remove all items from bitarray.
+
+   New in version 1.4
+
+
+``copy()`` -> bitarray
+   Return copy of bitarray (with same bit-endianness).
+
+
+``count(value=1, start=0, stop=<end>, step=1, /)`` -> int
+   Number of occurrences of ``value`` bitarray within ``[start:stop:step]``.
+   Optional arguments ``start``, ``stop`` and ``step`` are interpreted in
+   slice notation, meaning ``a.count(value, start, stop, step)`` equals
+   ``a[start:stop:step].count(value)``.
+   The ``value`` may also be a sub-bitarray.  In this case non-overlapping
+   occurrences are counted within ``[start:stop]`` (``step`` must be 1).
+
+   New in version 1.1.0: optional start and stop arguments
+
+   New in version 2.3.7: optional step argument
+
+   New in version 2.9: add non-overlapping sub-bitarray count
+
+
+``decode(code, /)`` -> decodeiterator
+   Given a prefix code (a dict mapping symbols to bitarrays, or ``decodetree``
+   object), decode content of bitarray and return an iterator over
+   corresponding symbols.
+   The prefix code length cannot exceed 256 bits.
+
+   See also: `Bitarray 3 transition <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/bitarray3.rst>`__, `Variable-length prefix codes <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/prefix_codes.rst>`__
+
+   New in version 3.0: returns iterator (equivalent to past ``.iterdecode()``)
+
+   New in version 3.9: returns public ``decodeiterator`` object
+
+
+``encode(code, iterable, /)``
+   Given a prefix code (a dict mapping symbols to bitarrays),
+   iterate over the iterable object with symbols, and extend bitarray
+   with corresponding bitarray for each symbol.
+
+   See also: `Variable-length prefix codes <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/prefix_codes.rst>`__
+
+
+``extend(iterable, /)``
+   Append items from iterable to the end of the bitarray.
+   If ``iterable`` is a (Unicode) string, each ``0`` and ``1`` are appended as
+   bits (ignoring whitespace and underscore).
+
+   New in version 3.4: allow ``bytes`` object
+
+
+``fill(m=8, /)`` -> int
+   Add zeros to the end of the bitarray, such that the length will be
+   a multiple of the positive integer ``m``, and return the number of bits
+   added (in ``range(m)``).
+
+   New in version 3.12: add optional alignment argument
+
+
+``find(sub_bitarray, start=0, stop=<end>, /, right=False)`` -> int
+   Return lowest (or rightmost when ``right=True``) index where sub_bitarray
+   is found, such that sub_bitarray is contained within ``[start:stop]``.
+   Return -1 when sub_bitarray is not found.
+
+   New in version 2.1
+
+   New in version 2.9: add optional keyword argument ``right``
+
+
+``frombytes(bytes, /)``
+   Extend bitarray with raw bytes from a bytes-like object.
+   Each added byte will add eight bits to the bitarray.
+
+   New in version 2.5.0: allow bytes-like argument
+
+
+``fromfile(f, n=-1, /)``
+   Extend bitarray with up to ``n`` bytes read from file object ``f`` (or any
+   other binary stream that supports a ``.read()`` method, e.g. ``io.BytesIO``).
+   Each read byte will add eight bits to the bitarray.  When ``n`` is omitted
+   or negative, reads and extends all data until EOF.
+   When ``n`` is non-negative but exceeds the available data, ``EOFError`` is
+   raised.  However, the available data is still read and extended.
+
+
+``index(sub_bitarray, start=0, stop=<end>, /, right=False)`` -> int
+   Return lowest (or rightmost when ``right=True``) index where sub_bitarray
+   is found, such that sub_bitarray is contained within ``[start:stop]``.
+   Raises ``ValueError`` when sub_bitarray is not present.
+
+   New in version 2.9: add optional keyword argument ``right``
+
+
+``insert(index, value, /)``
+   Insert ``value`` into bitarray before ``index``.
+
+
+``invert(index=<all bits>, /)``
+   Invert bits in-place.  When ``index`` is omitted, invert all bits.
+   When ``index`` is an integer, invert the single bit at index.
+   When ``index`` is a slice, invert the selected bits.
+
+   New in version 1.5.3: optional index argument
+
+
+``pack(bytes, /)``
+   Extend bitarray from a bytes-like object, where each byte corresponds
+   to a single bit.  The byte ``b'\x00'`` maps to bit 0 and all other bytes
+   map to bit 1.
+
+   This method, as well as the ``.unpack()`` method, are meant for efficient
+   transfer of data between bitarray objects to other Python objects (for
+   example NumPy's ndarray object) which have a different memory view.
+
+   New in version 2.5.0: allow bytes-like argument
+
+
+``pop(index=-1, /)`` -> item
+   Remove and return item at ``index`` (default last).
+   Raises ``IndexError`` if index is out of range.
+
+
+``remove(value, /)``
+   Remove the first occurrence of ``value``.
+   Raises ``ValueError`` if value is not present.
+
+
+``reverse()``
+   Reverse all bits in bitarray (in-place).
+
+
+``rotate(k=1, /)``
+   Rotate bitarray in-place by ``k`` positions.
+   Positive ``k`` rotates right, negative ``k`` rotates left.
+
+   When bitarray ``a`` is not empty, rotating one step to the right is
+   equivalent to ``a.insert(0, a.pop())``, and rotating one step to the left
+   is equivalent to ``a.append(a.pop(0))``.
+   The same convention is used by the ``.rotate()`` method of
+   the ``collections.deque`` object.
+
+   New in version 3.9
+
+
+``search(sub_bitarray, start=0, stop=<end>, /, right=False)`` -> iterator
+   Return iterator over indices where sub_bitarray is found, such that
+   sub_bitarray is contained within ``[start:stop]``.
+   The indices are iterated in ascending order (from lowest to highest),
+   unless ``right=True``, which will iterate in descending order (starting with
+   rightmost match).
+
+   For example, ``a.search(1)`` is the easiest (and most efficient) way
+   to create an iterator over all active indices in ``a``.
+
+   See also: `Bitarray 3 transition <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/bitarray3.rst>`__
+
+   New in version 2.9: optional start and stop arguments - add optional keyword argument ``right``
+
+   New in version 3.0: returns iterator (equivalent to past ``.itersearch()``)
+
+
+``setall(value, /)``
+   Set all elements in bitarray to ``value``.
+   Note that ``a.setall(value)`` is equivalent to ``a[:] = value``.
+
+
+``sort(reverse=False)``
+   Sort all bits in bitarray (in-place).
+
+
+``to01(group=0, sep=' ')`` -> str
+   Return bitarray as (Unicode) string of ``0``s and ``1``s.
+   The bits are grouped into ``group`` bits (default is no grouping).
+   When grouped, the string ``sep`` is inserted between groups
+   of ``group`` characters, default is a space.
+
+   New in version 3.3: optional ``group`` and ``sep`` arguments
+
+
+``tobytes()`` -> bytes
+   Return the bitarray buffer (pad bits are set to zero).
+   ``a.tobytes()`` is equivalent to ``bytes(a)``
+
+
+``tofile(f, /)``
+   Write bitarray buffer to file object ``f``.
+
+
+``tolist()`` -> list
+   Return bitarray as list of integers.
+   ``a.tolist()`` equals ``list(a)``.
+
+   Note that the list object being created will require 32 or 64 times more
+   memory (depending on the machine architecture) than the bitarray object,
+   which may cause a memory error if the bitarray is very large.
+
+
+``unpack(zero=b'\x00', one=b'\x01')`` -> bytes
+   Return bytes that contain one byte for each bit in the bitarray,
+   using the specified mapping.
+
+
+bitarray attributes:
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Attributes were added in version 2.6.
+
+``endian`` -> str
+   bit-endianness as Unicode string
+
+   New in version 3.4: replaces former ``.endian()`` method
+
+
+``nbytes`` -> int
+   buffer size in bytes
+
+
+``padbits`` -> int
+   number of pad bits
+
+
+``readonly`` -> bool
+   bool indicating whether buffer is read-only
+
+
+decodeiterator methods:
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+``skipbits(n, /)`` -> bitarray
+   Skip over the next ``n`` bits and return them.
+   Raises ``ValueError`` if count is out of range.
+
+   New in version 3.9
+
+
+decodeiterator attributes:
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+``index`` -> int
+   current bit position to be decoded by subsequent ``next``
+
+   New in version 3.9
+
+
+decodetree methods:
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+``nodes()`` -> tuple
+   Return tuple with number of:
+
+   0. incomplete nodes (pointing to a single child node)
+   1. complete nodes (pointing to two child nodes)
+   2. leaf nodes (pointing to a symbol)
+
+   New in version 3.10
+
+
+``todict()`` -> dict
+   Return a dict mapping the symbols to frozenbitarrays.  This dict is a
+   reconstruction of the code dict which the object was created with.
+
+   New in version 3.10
+
+
+Other objects:
+--------------
+
+``frozenbitarray(initializer=0, /, endian='big', buffer=None)`` -> frozenbitarray
+   Return a ``frozenbitarray`` object.  Initialized the same way a ``bitarray``
+   object is initialized.  A ``frozenbitarray`` is immutable and hashable,
+   and may therefore be used as a dictionary key.
+
+   New in version 1.1
+
+
+``decodetree(code, /)`` -> decodetree
+   Given a prefix code (a dict mapping symbols to bitarrays),
+   create a binary tree object to be passed to ``.decode()``.
+   The prefix code length cannot exceed 256 bits.
+
+   See also: `Variable-length prefix codes <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/prefix_codes.rst>`__
+
+   New in version 1.6
+
+
+Functions defined in the `bitarray` module:
+-------------------------------------------
+
+``bits2bytes(n, /)`` -> int
+   Return the number of bytes necessary to store n bits.
+
+
+``get_default_endian()`` -> str
+   Return the default bit-endianness for new bitarray objects being created.
+
+   New in version 1.3
+
+
+``test(verbosity=1)`` -> TextTestResult
+   Run self-test, and return ``unittest.runner.TextTestResult`` object.
+
+
+Functions defined in `bitarray.util` module:
+--------------------------------------------
+
+This sub-module was added in version 1.2.
+
+``any_and(a, b, /)`` -> bool
+   Efficient implementation of ``any(a & b)``.
+
+   New in version 2.7
+
+
+``ba2base(n, bitarray, /, group=0, sep=' ')`` -> str
+   Return a string containing the base ``n`` ASCII representation of
+   the bitarray.  Allowed values for ``n`` are 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64.
+   The bitarray has to have a length divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6
+   respectively.
+   For ``n=32`` the RFC 4648 Base32 alphabet is used, and for ``n=64`` the
+   standard base 64 alphabet is used.
+   When grouped, the string ``sep`` is inserted between groups
+   of ``group`` characters, default is a space.
+
+   See also: `Bitarray representations <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/represent.rst>`__
+
+   New in version 1.9
+
+   New in version 3.3: optional ``group`` and ``sep`` arguments
+
+
+``ba2hex(bitarray, /, group=0, sep=' ')`` -> hexstr
+   Return a string containing the hexadecimal representation of
+   the bitarray (which has to be multiple of 4 in length).
+   When grouped, the string ``sep`` is inserted between groups
+   of ``group`` characters, default is a space.
+
+   New in version 3.3: optional ``group`` and ``sep`` arguments
+
+
+``ba2int(bitarray, /, signed=False)`` -> int
+   Convert the given bitarray to an integer.
+   The bit-endianness of the bitarray is respected.
+   ``signed`` indicates whether two's complement is used to represent the integer.
+
+
+``base2ba(n, asciistr, /, endian=None)`` -> bitarray
+   Bitarray of base ``n`` ASCII representation.
+   Allowed values for ``n`` are 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64.
+   For ``n=32`` the RFC 4648 Base32 alphabet is used, and for ``n=64`` the
+   standard base 64 alphabet is used.  ASCII whitespace is ignored.
+
+   See also: `Bitarray representations <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/represent.rst>`__
+
+   New in version 1.9
+
+   New in version 3.3: ignore whitespace
+
+
+``byteswap(a, n=<buffer size>, /)``
+   Reverse every ``n`` consecutive bytes of ``a`` in-place.
+   By default, all bytes are reversed.  Note that ``n`` is **not** limited
+   to 2, 4 or 8, but can be any positive integer.
+   Also, ``a`` may be any object that exposes a writable buffer.
+   Nothing about this function is specific to bitarray objects.
+
+   We should mention that Python's ``array.array`` object has a
+   method ``.byteswap()`` with similar functionality.  However, unlike
+   bitarray's ``util.byteswap()`` function, this method is limited to
+   swapping 2, 4, or 8 consecutive bytes.
+
+   New in version 3.4
+
+
+``canonical_decode(bitarray, count, symbol, /)`` -> iterator
+   Decode bitarray using canonical Huffman decoding tables
+   where ``count`` is a sequence containing the number of symbols of each length
+   and ``symbol`` is a sequence of symbols in canonical order.
+
+   See also: `Canonical Huffman Coding <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/canonical.rst>`__
+
+   New in version 2.5
+
+
+``canonical_huffman(dict, /)`` -> tuple
+   Given a frequency map, a dictionary mapping symbols to their frequency,
+   calculate the canonical Huffman code.  Returns a tuple containing:
+
+   0. the canonical Huffman code as a dict mapping symbols to frozenbitarrays
+   1. a list containing the number of symbols of each code length
+   2. a list of symbols in canonical order
+
+   Note: the two lists may be used as input for ``canonical_decode()``.
+
+   See also: `Canonical Huffman Coding <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/canonical.rst>`__
+
+   New in version 2.5
+
+   New in version 3.10: return a codedict mapping to frozenbitarrays
+
+
+``correspond_all(a, b, /)`` -> tuple
+   Return tuple with counts of: ~a & ~b, ~a & b, a & ~b, a & b
+
+   New in version 3.4
+
+
+``count_and(a, b, /)`` -> int
+   Return ``(a & b).count()`` in a memory efficient manner,
+   as no intermediate bitarray object gets created.
+
+
+``count_n(a, n, value=1, /)`` -> int
+   Return lowest index ``i`` for which ``a[:i].count(value) == n``.
+   Raises ``ValueError`` when ``n`` exceeds total count (``a.count(value)``).
+
+   New in version 2.3.6: optional value argument
+
+
+``count_or(a, b, /)`` -> int
+   Return ``(a | b).count()`` in a memory efficient manner,
+   as no intermediate bitarray object gets created.
+
+
+``count_xor(a, b, /)`` -> int
+   Return ``(a ^ b).count()`` in a memory efficient manner,
+   as no intermediate bitarray object gets created.
+
+   This is also known as the Hamming distance.
+
+
+``deserialize(bytes, /)`` -> bitarray
+   Return a bitarray given a bytes-like representation such as returned
+   by ``serialize()``.
+
+   See also: `Bitarray representations <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/represent.rst>`__
+
+   New in version 1.8
+
+   New in version 2.5.0: allow bytes-like argument
+
+
+``gen_primes(n, /, endian=None, odd=False)`` -> bitarray
+   Generate a bitarray of length ``n`` in which active indices are prime numbers.
+   By default (``odd=False``), active indices correspond to prime numbers directly.
+   When ``odd=True``, only odd prime numbers are represented in the resulting
+   bitarray ``a``, and ``a[i]`` corresponds to ``2*i+1`` being prime or not.
+
+   Apart from working with prime numbers, this function is useful for
+   testing, as it provides a simple way to create a well-defined bitarray
+   of any length.
+
+   New in version 3.7
+
+
+``hex2ba(hexstr, /, endian=None)`` -> bitarray
+   Bitarray of hexadecimal representation.  hexstr may contain any number
+   (including odd numbers) of hex digits (upper or lower case).
+   ASCII whitespace is ignored.
+
+   New in version 3.3: ignore whitespace
+
+
+``huffman_code(dict, /, endian=None)`` -> dict
+   Given a frequency map, a dictionary mapping symbols to their frequency,
+   calculate the Huffman code, i.e. a dict mapping those symbols to
+   frozenbitarrays (with given bit-endianness).  Note that the symbols are not
+   limited to being strings.  Symbols may be any hashable object.
+
+   See also: `Variable-length prefix codes <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/prefix_codes.rst>`__
+
+   New in version 3.10: return a codedict mapping to frozenbitarrays
+
+
+``int2ba(int, /, length=None, endian=None, signed=False)`` -> bitarray
+   Convert the given integer to a bitarray (with given bit-endianness,
+   and no leading (big-endian) / trailing (little-endian) zeros), unless
+   the ``length`` of the bitarray is provided.  An ``OverflowError`` is raised
+   if the integer is not representable with the given number of bits.
+   ``signed`` determines whether two's complement is used to represent the integer,
+   and requires ``length`` to be provided.
+
+
+``intervals(bitarray, /)`` -> iterator
+   Compute all uninterrupted intervals of 1s and 0s, and return an
+   iterator over tuples ``(value, start, stop)``.  The intervals are guaranteed
+   to be in order, and their size is always non-zero (``stop - start > 0``).
+
+   New in version 2.7
+
+
+``ones(n, /, endian=None)`` -> bitarray
+   Create a bitarray of length ``n``, with all values ``1``, and optional
+   bit-endianness (``little`` or ``big``).
+
+   New in version 2.9
+
+
+``parity(a, /)`` -> int
+   Return parity of bitarray ``a``.
+   ``parity(a)`` is equivalent to ``a.count() % 2`` but more efficient.
+
+   New in version 1.9
+
+
+``pprint(bitarray, /, stream=None, group=8, indent=4, width=80)``
+   Pretty-print bitarray object to ``stream``, defaults to ``sys.stdout``.
+   By default, bits are grouped in bytes (8 bits), and 64 bits per line.
+   Non-bitarray objects are printed using ``pprint.pprint()``.
+
+   New in version 1.8
+
+
+``random_k(n, /, k, endian=None)`` -> bitarray
+   Return (pseudo-) random bitarray of length ``n`` with ``k`` elements
+   set to one.  Mathematically equivalent to setting (in a bitarray of
+   length ``n``) all bits at indices ``random.sample(range(n), k)`` to one.
+   The random bitarrays are reproducible when calling Python's ``random.seed()``
+   with a specific seed value.
+
+   New in version 3.6
+
+
+``random_p(n, /, p=0.5, endian=None)`` -> bitarray
+   Return (pseudo-) random bitarray of length ``n``, where each bit has
+   probability ``p`` of being one (independent of any other bits).  Mathematically
+   equivalent to ``bitarray((random() < p for _ in range(n)), endian)``, but much
+   faster for large ``n``.  The random bitarrays are reproducible when calling
+   Python's ``random.seed()`` with a specific seed value.
+
+   This function requires Python 3.12 or higher, as it depends on the standard
+   library function ``random.binomialvariate()``.  Raises ``NotImplementedError``
+   when Python version is too low.
+
+   See also: `Random Bitarrays <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/random_p.rst>`__
+
+   New in version 3.5
+
+
+``rl_decode(stream, /, endian=None)`` -> bitarray
+   Decode a run-length encoded bitarray from a binary stream (an integer
+   iterator, or bytes-like object), and return the decoded bitarray.
+   This function consumes only one bitarray and leaves the remaining stream
+   untouched.  Use ``rl_encode()`` for encoding.
+
+   See also: `Comparison of bitarray codecs <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/codecs.rst>`__
+
+   New in version 3.11
+
+
+``rl_encode(bitarray, /)`` -> bytes
+   Return the run-length encoded binary representation of a bitarray.
+   This representation may be useful for bitarrays with long runs of
+   identical bits.  Use ``rl_decode()`` for decoding.
+
+   See also: `Comparison of bitarray codecs <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/codecs.rst>`__
+
+   New in version 3.11
+
+
+``sc_decode(stream, /)`` -> bitarray
+   Decompress binary stream (an integer iterator, or bytes-like object) of a
+   sparse compressed (``sc``) bitarray, and return the decoded  bitarray.
+   This function consumes only one bitarray and leaves the remaining stream
+   untouched.  Use ``sc_encode()`` for compressing (encoding).
+
+   See also: `Compression of sparse bitarrays <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/sparse_compression.rst>`__, `Comparison of bitarray codecs <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/codecs.rst>`__
+
+   New in version 2.7
+
+
+``sc_encode(bitarray, /)`` -> bytes
+   Compress a bitarray using sparse encoding and return its binary
+   representation.  This representation is useful for efficiently storing
+   sparse bitarrays.  Use ``sc_decode()`` for decompressing (decoding).
+
+   See also: `Compression of sparse bitarrays <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/sparse_compression.rst>`__, `Comparison of bitarray codecs <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/codecs.rst>`__
+
+   New in version 2.7
+
+
+``sc_stat(stream)`` -> dict
+   Scan a stream produced by ``sc_encode()`` and return a dictionary containing
+   its bit-endianness (``endian``), length (``nbits``), and the number of blocks
+   of each type (``blocks``).  ``blocks`` is a list such that ``blocks[i]`` is the
+   number of blocks of type ``i``.
+
+   Like ``sc_decode()``, it consumes one encoded bitarray and leaves remaining
+   input untouched.
+
+   See also: `Compression of sparse bitarrays <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/sparse_compression.rst>`__
+
+   New in version 3.11
+
+
+``serialize(bitarray, /)`` -> bytes
+   Return a serialized representation of the bitarray, which may be passed to
+   ``deserialize()``.  It efficiently represents the bitarray object (including
+   its bit-endianness) and is guaranteed not to change in future releases.
+
+   See also: `Bitarray representations <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/represent.rst>`__
+
+   New in version 1.8
+
+
+``strip(bitarray, /, mode='right')`` -> bitarray
+   Return a new bitarray with zeros stripped from left, right or both ends.
+   Allowed values for mode are the strings: ``left``, ``right``, ``both``
+
+
+``subset(a, b, /)`` -> bool
+   Return ``True`` if bitarray ``a`` is a subset of bitarray ``b``.
+   ``subset(a, b)`` is equivalent to ``a | b == b`` (and equally ``a & b == a``) but
+   more efficient as no intermediate bitarray object is created and the buffer
+   iteration is stopped as soon as one mismatch is found.
+
+
+``sum_indices(a, /, mode=1)`` -> int
+   Return sum of indices of all active bits in bitarray ``a``.
+   Equivalent to ``sum(i for i, v in enumerate(a) if v)``.
+   ``mode=2`` sums square of indices.
+
+   New in version 3.6
+
+   New in version 3.7: add optional mode argument
+
+
+``urandom(n, /, endian=None)`` -> bitarray
+   Return random bitarray of length ``n`` (uses ``os.urandom()``).
+
+   New in version 1.7
+
+
+``vl_decode(stream, /, endian=None)`` -> bitarray
+   Decode binary stream (an integer iterator, or bytes-like object), and
+   return the decoded bitarray.  This function consumes only one bitarray and
+   leaves the remaining stream untouched.  Use ``vl_encode()`` for encoding.
+
+   See also: `Variable length bitarray format <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/variable_length.rst>`__, `Comparison of bitarray codecs <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/codecs.rst>`__
+
+   New in version 2.2
+
+
+``vl_encode(bitarray, /)`` -> bytes
+   Return variable length binary representation of bitarray.
+   This representation is useful for efficiently storing small bitarray
+   in a binary stream.  Use ``vl_decode()`` for decoding.
+
+   See also: `Variable length bitarray format <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/variable_length.rst>`__, `Comparison of bitarray codecs <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/codecs.rst>`__
+
+   New in version 2.2
+
+
+``xor_indices(a, /)`` -> int
+   Return xor reduced indices of all active bits in bitarray ``a``.
+   This is essentially equivalent to
+   ``reduce(operator.xor, (i for i, v in enumerate(a) if v))``.
+
+   New in version 3.2
+
+
+``zeros(n, /, endian=None)`` -> bitarray
+   Create a bitarray of length ``n``, with all values ``0``, and optional
+   bit-endianness (``little`` or ``big``).
+
+
+The `bitarray.bitfields` module:
+--------------------------------
+
+This sub-module was added in version 3.12.
+For a detailed description, see: `Bit-field structures <https://github.com/ilanschnell/bitarray/blob/master/doc/bitfields.rst>`__
+
+``Struct(format)`` -> compiled struct object
+   Central class for packing and unpacking bit-level structures.
+
+
+``calcsize(format)`` -> int
+   Return the size (in bits) of the struct corresponding to the format string.
+
+
+``compile(format)`` -> Struct
+   Compile given format string and return a compiled format object that
+   can be used to pack and/or unpack data multiple times.
+
+
+``pack(format, v1, v2, ...)`` -> bitarray
+   Return a bitarray containing the values v1, v2, ... packed according
+   to the format string.
+
+
+``pack_into(format, bitarray, offset, v1, v2, ...)`` -> None
+   Pack the values v1, v2, ... into the writable bitarray starting at bit
+   offset ``offset``.  A negative offset counts from the end of bitarray.
+
+
+``unpack(format, bitarray)`` -> tuple
+   Return a tuple containing values unpacked according to the format string.
+
+
+``unpack_from(format, bitarray, offset=0)`` -> tuple
+   Unpack values from bitarray starting at bit offset ``offset``, and return a
+   tuple.  A negative offset counts from the end of bitarray.
+
+
+Struct methods:
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+``format()`` -> str
+   Return the canonical format string reconstructed from this compiled format.
+
+
+``pack(v1, v2, ...)`` -> bitarray
+   Return a bitarray containing the values v1, v2, ... packed according to this
+   compiled format.
+
+
+``pack_into(bitarray, offset, v1, v2, ...)`` -> None
+   Pack the values v1, v2, ... into the writable bitarray starting at bit
+   offset ``offset``.  A negative offset counts from the end of bitarray.
+
+
+``unpack(bitarray)`` -> tuple
+   Return a tuple containing values unpacked according to this compiled format.
+
+
+``unpack_from(bitarray, offset=0)`` -> tuple
+   Unpack values from bitarray starting at bit offset ``offset``, and return a
+   tuple.  A negative offset counts from the end of bitarray.
+
+
+Struct attributes:
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+``width`` -> int
+   Total number of bits in the compiled structure.
+
+``values`` -> int
+   Number of values consumed by ``pack()`` and returned by ``unpack()``.