birdnet-analyzer 2.0.1__py3-none-any.whl → 2.1.1__py3-none-any.whl

birdnet_analyzer/evaluation/assessment/plotting.py

@@ -1,379 +1,378 @@
-"""
-Module containing functions to plot performance metrics.
-
-This script provides a variety of functions to visualize performance metrics in different formats,
-including bar charts, line plots, and heatmaps. These visualizations help analyze metrics such as
-overall performance, per-class performance, and performance across thresholds.
-
-Functions:
-    - plot_overall_metrics: Plots a bar chart for overall performance metrics.
-    - plot_metrics_per_class: Plots metric values per class with unique lines and colors.
-    - plot_metrics_across_thresholds: Plots metrics across different thresholds.
-    - plot_metrics_across_thresholds_per_class: Plots metrics across thresholds for each class.
-    - plot_confusion_matrices: Visualizes confusion matrices for binary, multiclass, or multilabel tasks.
-"""
-
-from typing import Literal
-
-import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
-import numpy as np
-import pandas as pd
-import seaborn as sns
-
-
-def plot_overall_metrics(metrics_df: pd.DataFrame, colors: list[str]) -> plt.Figure:
-    """
-    Plots a bar chart for overall performance metrics.
-
-    Args:
-        metrics_df (pd.DataFrame): DataFrame containing metric names as index and an 'Overall' column.
-        colors (List[str]): List of colors for the bars.
-
-    Raises:
-        TypeError: If `metrics_df` is not a DataFrame or `colors` is not a list.
-        KeyError: If 'Overall' column is missing in `metrics_df`.
-        ValueError: If `metrics_df` is empty.
-
-    Returns:
-        plt.Figure
-    """
-    # Validate input types and content
-    if not isinstance(metrics_df, pd.DataFrame):
-        raise TypeError("metrics_df must be a pandas DataFrame.")
-    if "Overall" not in metrics_df.columns:
-        raise KeyError("metrics_df must contain an 'Overall' column.")
-    if metrics_df.empty:
-        raise ValueError("metrics_df is empty.")
-    if not isinstance(colors, list):
-        raise TypeError("colors must be a list.")
-    if len(colors) == 0:
-        # Default to matplotlib's color cycle if colors are not provided
-        colors = plt.rcParams["axes.prop_cycle"].by_key()["color"]
-
-    # Extract metric names and values
-    metrics = metrics_df.index  # Metric names
-    values = metrics_df["Overall"].to_numpy()  # Metric values
-
-    # Plot bar chart
-    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
-    plt.bar(metrics, values, color=colors[: len(metrics)])
-
-    # Add titles, labels, and format
-    plt.title("Overall Metric Scores", fontsize=16)
-    plt.xlabel("Metrics", fontsize=12)
-    plt.ylabel("Score", fontsize=12)
-    plt.xticks(rotation=45, ha="right", fontsize=10)
-    plt.grid(axis="y", linestyle="--", alpha=0.7)
-    plt.tight_layout()
-
-    return fig
-
-
-def plot_metrics_per_class(metrics_df: pd.DataFrame, colors: list[str]) -> plt.Figure:
-    """
-    Plots metric values per class, with each metric represented by a distinct color and line.
-
-    Args:
-        metrics_df (pd.DataFrame): DataFrame containing metrics as index and class names as columns.
-        colors (List[str]): List of colors for the lines.
-
-    Raises:
-        TypeError: If inputs are not of expected types.
-        ValueError: If `metrics_df` is empty.
-
-    Returns:
-        plt.Figure
-    """
-    # Validate inputs
-    if not isinstance(metrics_df, pd.DataFrame):
-        raise TypeError("metrics_df must be a pandas DataFrame.")
-    if metrics_df.empty:
-        raise ValueError("metrics_df is empty.")
-    if not isinstance(colors, list):
-        raise TypeError("colors must be a list.")
-    if len(colors) == 0:
-        # Default to matplotlib's color cycle if colors are not provided
-        colors = plt.rcParams["axes.prop_cycle"].by_key()["color"]
-
-    # Line styles for distinction
-    line_styles = ["-", "--", "-.", ":", (0, (5, 10)), (0, (5, 5)), (0, (3, 5, 1, 5))]
-    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
-
-    # Loop over each metric and plot it
-    for i, metric_name in enumerate(metrics_df.index):
-        values = metrics_df.loc[metric_name]  # Metric values for each class
-        classes = metrics_df.columns  # Class labels
-        plt.plot(
-            classes,
-            values,
-            label=metric_name,
-            marker="o",
-            markersize=8,
-            linewidth=2,
-            linestyle=line_styles[i % len(line_styles)],
-            color=colors[i % len(colors)],
-        )
-
-    # Add titles, labels, legend, and format
-    plt.title("Metric Scores per Class", fontsize=16)
-    plt.xlabel("Class", fontsize=12)
-    plt.ylabel("Score", fontsize=12)
-    plt.legend(loc="lower right")
-    plt.grid(True)
-    plt.tight_layout()
-
-    return fig
-
-
-def plot_metrics_across_thresholds(
-    thresholds: np.ndarray,
-    metric_values_dict: dict[str, np.ndarray],
-    metrics_to_plot: list[str],
-    colors: list[str],
-) -> plt.Figure:
-    """
-    Plots metrics across different thresholds.
-
-    Args:
-        thresholds (np.ndarray): Array of threshold values.
-        metric_values_dict (Dict[str, np.ndarray]): Dictionary mapping metric names to their values.
-        metrics_to_plot (List[str]): List of metric names to plot.
-        colors (List[str]): List of colors for the lines.
-
-    Raises:
-        TypeError: If inputs are not of expected types.
-        ValueError: If thresholds or metric values have mismatched lengths.
-
-    Returns:
-        plt.Figure
-    """
-    # Validate inputs
-    if not isinstance(thresholds, np.ndarray):
-        raise TypeError("thresholds must be a numpy ndarray.")
-    if thresholds.size == 0:
-        raise ValueError("thresholds array is empty.")
-    if not isinstance(metric_values_dict, dict):
-        raise TypeError("metric_values_dict must be a dictionary.")
-    if not isinstance(metrics_to_plot, list):
-        raise TypeError("metrics_to_plot must be a list.")
-    if not isinstance(colors, list):
-        raise TypeError("colors must be a list.")
-    if len(colors) == 0:
-        # Default to matplotlib's color cycle if colors are not provided
-        colors = plt.rcParams["axes.prop_cycle"].by_key()["color"]
-
-    # Line styles for distinction
-    line_styles = ["-", "--", "-.", ":", (0, (5, 10)), (0, (5, 5)), (0, (3, 5, 1, 5))]
-    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
-
-    # Plot each metric against thresholds
-    for i, metric_name in enumerate(metrics_to_plot):
-        if metric_name not in metric_values_dict:
-            raise KeyError(f"Metric '{metric_name}' not found in metric_values_dict.")
-        metric_values = metric_values_dict[metric_name]
-        if len(metric_values) != len(thresholds):
-            raise ValueError(f"Length of metric '{metric_name}' values does not match length of thresholds.")
-        plt.plot(
-            thresholds,
-            metric_values,
-            label=metric_name.capitalize(),
-            linestyle=line_styles[i % len(line_styles)],
-            linewidth=2,
-            color=colors[i % len(colors)],
-        )
-
-    # Add titles, labels, legend, and format
-    plt.title("Metrics across Different Thresholds", fontsize=16)
-    plt.xlabel("Threshold", fontsize=12)
-    plt.ylabel("Metric Score", fontsize=12)
-    plt.legend(loc="best")
-    plt.grid(True)
-    plt.tight_layout()
-
-    return fig
-
-
-def plot_metrics_across_thresholds_per_class(
-    thresholds: np.ndarray,
-    metric_values_dict_per_class: dict[str, dict[str, np.ndarray]],
-    metrics_to_plot: list[str],
-    class_names: list[str],
-    colors: list[str],
-) -> plt.Figure:
-    """
-    Plots metrics across different thresholds per class.
-
-    Args:
-        thresholds (np.ndarray): Array of threshold values.
-        metric_values_dict_per_class (Dict[str, Dict[str, np.ndarray]]): Dictionary mapping class names
-            to metric dictionaries, each containing metric names and their values across thresholds.
-        metrics_to_plot (List[str]): List of metric names to plot.
-        class_names (List[str]): List of class names.
-        colors (List[str]): List of colors for the lines.
-
-    Raises:
-        TypeError: If inputs are not of expected types.
-        ValueError: If inputs have mismatched lengths or are empty.
-
-    Returns:
-        plt.Figure
-    """
-    # Validate inputs
-    if not isinstance(thresholds, np.ndarray):
-        raise TypeError("thresholds must be a numpy ndarray.")
-    if thresholds.size == 0:
-        raise ValueError("thresholds array is empty.")
-    if not isinstance(metric_values_dict_per_class, dict):
-        raise TypeError("metric_values_dict_per_class must be a dictionary.")
-    if not isinstance(metrics_to_plot, list):
-        raise TypeError("metrics_to_plot must be a list.")
-    if not isinstance(class_names, list):
-        raise TypeError("class_names must be a list.")
-    if not isinstance(colors, list):
-        raise TypeError("colors must be a list.")
-    if len(colors) == 0:
-        # Default to matplotlib's color cycle if colors are not provided
-        colors = plt.rcParams["axes.prop_cycle"].by_key()["color"]
-
-    num_classes = len(class_names)
-    if num_classes == 0:
-        raise ValueError("class_names list is empty.")
-
-    # Determine grid size for subplots
-    n_cols = int(np.ceil(np.sqrt(num_classes)))
-    n_rows = int(np.ceil(num_classes / n_cols))
-
-    # Create subplots
-    fig, axes = plt.subplots(n_rows, n_cols, figsize=(n_cols * 5, n_rows * 4))
-
-    # Flatten axes for easy indexing
-    axes = [axes] if num_classes == 1 else axes.flatten()
-
-    # Line styles for distinction
-    line_styles = ["-", "--", "-.", ":", (0, (5, 10)), (0, (5, 5)), (0, (3, 5, 1, 5))]
-
-    # Plot each class
-    for class_idx, class_name in enumerate(class_names):
-        if class_name not in metric_values_dict_per_class:
-            raise KeyError(f"Class '{class_name}' not found in metric_values_dict_per_class.")
-        ax = axes[class_idx]
-        metric_values_dict = metric_values_dict_per_class[class_name]
-
-        # Plot each metric for the current class
-        for i, metric_name in enumerate(metrics_to_plot):
-            if metric_name not in metric_values_dict:
-                raise KeyError(f"Metric '{metric_name}' not found for class '{class_name}'.")
-            metric_values = metric_values_dict[metric_name]
-            if len(metric_values) != len(thresholds):
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"Length of metric '{metric_name}' values for class '{class_name}' "
-                    + "does not match length of thresholds."
-                )
-            ax.plot(
-                thresholds,
-                metric_values,
-                label=metric_name.capitalize(),
-                linestyle=line_styles[i % len(line_styles)],
-                linewidth=2,
-                color=colors[i % len(colors)],
-            )
-
-        # Add titles and labels for each subplot
-        ax.set_title(f"{class_name}", fontsize=12)
-        ax.set_xlabel("Threshold", fontsize=10)
-        ax.set_ylabel("Metric Score", fontsize=10)
-        ax.legend(loc="best", fontsize=8)
-        ax.grid(True)
-
-    # Hide any unused subplots
-    for j in range(num_classes, len(axes)):
-        fig.delaxes(axes[j])
-
-    # Adjust layout and show
-    plt.tight_layout()
-
-    return fig
-
-
-def plot_confusion_matrices(
-    conf_mat: np.ndarray,
-    task: Literal["binary", "multiclass", "multilabel"],
-    class_names: list[str],
-) -> plt.Figure:
-    """
-    Plots confusion matrices for each class in a single figure with multiple subplots.
-
-    Args:
-        conf_mat (np.ndarray): Confusion matrix or matrices. For binary classification, a single 2x2 matrix.
-            For multilabel or multiclass, an array of shape (num_classes, 2, 2).
-        task (Literal["binary", "multiclass", "multilabel"]): Task type.
-        class_names (List[str]): List of class names.
-
-    Raises:
-        TypeError: If inputs are not of expected types.
-        ValueError: If confusion matrix dimensions or task specifications are invalid.
-
-    Returns:
-        plt.Figure
-    """
-    # Validate inputs
-    if not isinstance(conf_mat, np.ndarray):
-        raise TypeError("conf_mat must be a numpy ndarray.")
-    if conf_mat.size == 0:
-        raise ValueError("conf_mat is empty.")
-    if not isinstance(task, str) or task not in ["binary", "multiclass", "multilabel"]:
-        raise ValueError("Invalid task. Expected 'binary', 'multiclass', or 'multilabel'.")
-    if not isinstance(class_names, list):
-        raise TypeError("class_names must be a list.")
-    if len(class_names) == 0:
-        raise ValueError("class_names list is empty.")
-
-    if task == "binary":
-        # Binary classification expects a single 2x2 matrix
-        if conf_mat.shape != (2, 2):
-            raise ValueError("For binary task, conf_mat must be of shape (2, 2).")
-        if len(class_names) != 2:
-            raise ValueError("For binary task, class_names must have exactly two elements.")
-
-        # Plot single confusion matrix
-        fig = plt.figure(figsize=(4, 4))
-        sns.heatmap(conf_mat, annot=True, fmt=".2f", cmap="Reds", cbar=False)
-        plt.title("Confusion Matrix")
-        plt.xlabel("Predicted Class")
-        plt.ylabel("True Class")
-        plt.tight_layout()
-    else:
-        # Multilabel or multiclass expects a set of 2x2 matrices
-        num_labels = conf_mat.shape[0]
-        if conf_mat.shape[1:] != (2, 2):
-            raise ValueError("For multilabel or multiclass task, conf_mat must have shape (num_labels, 2, 2).")
-        if len(class_names) != num_labels:
-            raise ValueError("Length of class_names must match number of labels in conf_mat.")
-
-        # Determine grid size for subplots
-        n_cols = int(np.ceil(np.sqrt(num_labels)))
-        n_rows = int(np.ceil(num_labels / n_cols))
-
-        # Create subplots
-        fig, axes = plt.subplots(n_rows, n_cols, figsize=(n_cols * 2, n_rows * 2))
-
-        # Flatten axes for easy indexing
-        axes = [axes] if num_labels == 1 else axes.flatten()
-
-        # Plot each class's confusion matrix
-        for i in range(num_labels):
-            cm = conf_mat[i]
-            ax = axes[i]
-            sns.heatmap(cm, annot=True, fmt=".2f", cmap="Reds", cbar=False, ax=ax)
-            ax.set_title(f"{class_names[i]}")
-            ax.set_xlabel("Predicted Class")
-            ax.set_ylabel("True Class")
-
-        # Hide any unused subplots
-        for j in range(num_labels, len(axes)):
-            fig.delaxes(axes[j])
-
-        # Adjust layout and show
-        plt.tight_layout()
-
-    return fig
+"""
+Module containing functions to plot performance metrics.
+
+This script provides a variety of functions to visualize performance metrics in different formats,
+including bar charts, line plots, and heatmaps. These visualizations help analyze metrics such as
+overall performance, per-class performance, and performance across thresholds.
+
+Functions:
+    - plot_overall_metrics: Plots a bar chart for overall performance metrics.
+    - plot_metrics_per_class: Plots metric values per class with unique lines and colors.
+    - plot_metrics_across_thresholds: Plots metrics across different thresholds.
+    - plot_metrics_across_thresholds_per_class: Plots metrics across thresholds for each class.
+    - plot_confusion_matrices: Visualizes confusion matrices for binary, multiclass, or multilabel tasks.
+"""
+
+from typing import Literal
+
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
+from sklearn.metrics import ConfusionMatrixDisplay
+
+MATPLOTLIB_BINARY_CONFUSION_MATRIX_FIGURE_NUM = "performance-tab-binary-confusion-matrix-plot"
+MATPLOTLIB_MULTICLASS_CONFUSION_MATRIX_FIGURE_NUM = "performance-tab-multiclass-confusion-matrix-plot"
+MATPLOTLIB_OVERALL_METRICS_FIGURE_NUM = "performance-tab-overall-metrics-plot"
+MATPLOTLIB_PER_CLASS_METRICS_FIGURE_NUM = "performance-tab-per-class-metrics-plot"
+MATPLOTLIB_ACROSS_METRICS_THRESHOLDS_FIGURE_NUM = "performance-tab-metrics-across-thresholds-plot"
+MATPLOTLIB_ACROSS_METRICS_THRESHOLDS_PER_CLASS_FIGURE_NUM = "performance-tab-metrics-across-thresholds-per-class-plot"
+
+
+def plot_overall_metrics(metrics_df: pd.DataFrame, colors: list[str]):
+    """
+    Plots a bar chart for overall performance metrics.
+
+    Args:
+        metrics_df (pd.DataFrame): DataFrame containing metric names as index and an 'Overall' column.
+        colors (List[str]): List of colors for the bars.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If `metrics_df` is not a DataFrame or `colors` is not a list.
+        KeyError: If 'Overall' column is missing in `metrics_df`.
+        ValueError: If `metrics_df` is empty.
+
+    Returns:
+        plt.Figure
+    """
+    # Validate input types and content
+    if not isinstance(metrics_df, pd.DataFrame):
+        raise TypeError("metrics_df must be a pandas DataFrame.")
+    if "Overall" not in metrics_df.columns:
+        raise KeyError("metrics_df must contain an 'Overall' column.")
+    if metrics_df.empty:
+        raise ValueError("metrics_df is empty.")
+    if not isinstance(colors, list):
+        raise TypeError("colors must be a list.")
+    if len(colors) == 0:
+        # Default to matplotlib's color cycle if colors are not provided
+        colors = plt.rcParams["axes.prop_cycle"].by_key()["color"]
+
+    # Extract metric names and values
+    metrics = metrics_df.index  # Metric names
+    values = metrics_df["Overall"].to_numpy()  # Metric values
+
+    # Plot bar chart
+    fig = plt.figure(MATPLOTLIB_OVERALL_METRICS_FIGURE_NUM, figsize=(10, 6))
+    fig.clear()
+    fig.tight_layout(pad=0)
+    fig.set_dpi(300)
+
+    plt.bar(metrics, values, color=colors[: len(metrics)])
+
+    # Add titles, labels, and format
+    plt.title("Overall Metric Scores", fontsize=16)
+    plt.xlabel("Metrics", fontsize=12)
+    plt.ylabel("Score", fontsize=12)
+    plt.xticks(rotation=45, ha="right", fontsize=10)
+    plt.grid(axis="y", linestyle="--", alpha=0.7)
+
+    return fig
+
+
+def plot_metrics_per_class(metrics_df: pd.DataFrame, colors: list[str]):
+    """
+    Plots metric values per class, with each metric represented by a distinct color and line.
+
+    Args:
+        metrics_df (pd.DataFrame): DataFrame containing metrics as index and class names as columns.
+        colors (List[str]): List of colors for the lines.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If inputs are not of expected types.
+        ValueError: If `metrics_df` is empty.
+
+    Returns:
+        plt.Figure
+    """
+    # Validate inputs
+    if not isinstance(metrics_df, pd.DataFrame):
+        raise TypeError("metrics_df must be a pandas DataFrame.")
+    if metrics_df.empty:
+        raise ValueError("metrics_df is empty.")
+    if not isinstance(colors, list):
+        raise TypeError("colors must be a list.")
+    if len(colors) == 0:
+        # Default to matplotlib's color cycle if colors are not provided
+        colors = plt.rcParams["axes.prop_cycle"].by_key()["color"]
+
+    # Line styles for distinction
+    line_styles = ["-", "--", "-.", ":", (0, (5, 10)), (0, (5, 5)), (0, (3, 5, 1, 5))]
+    fig = plt.figure(MATPLOTLIB_OVERALL_METRICS_FIGURE_NUM, figsize=(10, 6))
+    fig.clear()
+    fig.tight_layout(pad=0)
+    fig.set_dpi(300)
+
+    # Loop over each metric and plot it
+    for i, metric_name in enumerate(metrics_df.index):
+        values = metrics_df.loc[metric_name]  # Metric values for each class
+        classes = metrics_df.columns  # Class labels
+        plt.plot(
+            classes,
+            values,
+            label=metric_name,
+            marker="o",
+            markersize=8,
+            linewidth=2,
+            linestyle=line_styles[i % len(line_styles)],
+            color=colors[i % len(colors)],
+        )
+
+    # Add titles, labels, legend, and format
+    plt.title("Metric Scores per Class", fontsize=16)
+    plt.xlabel("Class", fontsize=12)
+    plt.ylabel("Score", fontsize=12)
+    plt.legend(loc="lower right")
+    plt.grid(True)
+
+    return fig
+
+
+def plot_metrics_across_thresholds(
+    thresholds: np.ndarray,
+    metric_values_dict: dict[str, np.ndarray],
+    metrics_to_plot: list[str],
+    colors: list[str],
+):
+    """
+    Plots metrics across different thresholds.
+
+    Args:
+        thresholds (np.ndarray): Array of threshold values.
+        metric_values_dict (Dict[str, np.ndarray]): Dictionary mapping metric names to their values.
+        metrics_to_plot (List[str]): List of metric names to plot.
+        colors (List[str]): List of colors for the lines.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If inputs are not of expected types.
+        ValueError: If thresholds or metric values have mismatched lengths.
+
+    Returns:
+        plt.Figure
+    """
+    # Validate inputs
+    if not isinstance(thresholds, np.ndarray):
+        raise TypeError("thresholds must be a numpy ndarray.")
+    if thresholds.size == 0:
+        raise ValueError("thresholds array is empty.")
+    if not isinstance(metric_values_dict, dict):
+        raise TypeError("metric_values_dict must be a dictionary.")
+    if not isinstance(metrics_to_plot, list):
+        raise TypeError("metrics_to_plot must be a list.")
+    if not isinstance(colors, list):
+        raise TypeError("colors must be a list.")
+    if len(colors) == 0:
+        # Default to matplotlib's color cycle if colors are not provided
+        colors = plt.rcParams["axes.prop_cycle"].by_key()["color"]
+
+    # Line styles for distinction
+    line_styles = ["-", "--", "-.", ":", (0, (5, 10)), (0, (5, 5)), (0, (3, 5, 1, 5))]
+    fig = plt.figure(MATPLOTLIB_ACROSS_METRICS_THRESHOLDS_FIGURE_NUM, figsize=(10, 6))
+    fig.clear()
+    fig.tight_layout(pad=0)
+    fig.set_dpi(300)
+
+    # Plot each metric against thresholds
+    for i, metric_name in enumerate(metrics_to_plot):
+        if metric_name not in metric_values_dict:
+            raise KeyError(f"Metric '{metric_name}' not found in metric_values_dict.")
+        metric_values = metric_values_dict[metric_name]
+        if len(metric_values) != len(thresholds):
+            raise ValueError(f"Length of metric '{metric_name}' values does not match length of thresholds.")
+        plt.plot(
+            thresholds,
+            metric_values,
+            label=metric_name.capitalize(),
+            linestyle=line_styles[i % len(line_styles)],
+            linewidth=2,
+            color=colors[i % len(colors)],
+        )
+
+    # Add titles, labels, legend, and format
+    plt.title("Metrics across Different Thresholds", fontsize=16)
+    plt.xlabel("Threshold", fontsize=12)
+    plt.ylabel("Metric Score", fontsize=12)
+    plt.legend(loc="best")
+    plt.grid(True)
+
+    return fig
+
+
+def plot_metrics_across_thresholds_per_class(
+    thresholds: np.ndarray,
+    metric_values_dict_per_class: dict[str, dict[str, np.ndarray]],
+    metrics_to_plot: list[str],
+    class_names: list[str],
+    colors: list[str],
+):
+    """
+    Plots metrics across different thresholds per class.
+
+    Args:
+        thresholds (np.ndarray): Array of threshold values.
+        metric_values_dict_per_class (Dict[str, Dict[str, np.ndarray]]): Dictionary mapping class names
+            to metric dictionaries, each containing metric names and their values across thresholds.
+        metrics_to_plot (List[str]): List of metric names to plot.
+        class_names (List[str]): List of class names.
+        colors (List[str]): List of colors for the lines.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If inputs are not of expected types.
+        ValueError: If inputs have mismatched lengths or are empty.
+
+    Returns:
+        plt.Figure
+    """
+    # Validate inputs
+    if not isinstance(thresholds, np.ndarray):
+        raise TypeError("thresholds must be a numpy ndarray.")
+    if thresholds.size == 0:
+        raise ValueError("thresholds array is empty.")
+    if not isinstance(metric_values_dict_per_class, dict):
+        raise TypeError("metric_values_dict_per_class must be a dictionary.")
+    if not isinstance(metrics_to_plot, list):
+        raise TypeError("metrics_to_plot must be a list.")
+    if not isinstance(class_names, list):
+        raise TypeError("class_names must be a list.")
+    if not isinstance(colors, list):
+        raise TypeError("colors must be a list.")
+    if len(colors) == 0:
+        # Default to matplotlib's color cycle if colors are not provided
+        colors = plt.rcParams["axes.prop_cycle"].by_key()["color"]
+
+    num_classes = len(class_names)
+    if num_classes == 0:
+        raise ValueError("class_names list is empty.")
+
+    # Determine grid size for subplots
+    n_cols = int(np.ceil(np.sqrt(num_classes)))
+    n_rows = int(np.ceil(num_classes / n_cols))
+
+    # Create subplots
+    fig, axes = plt.subplots(n_rows, n_cols, figsize=(n_cols * 5, n_rows * 4), num=MATPLOTLIB_ACROSS_METRICS_THRESHOLDS_PER_CLASS_FIGURE_NUM)
+    fig.clear()
+    fig.tight_layout(pad=0)
+    fig.set_dpi(300)
+
+    # Flatten axes for easy indexing
+    axes = [axes] if num_classes == 1 else axes.flatten()
+
+    # Line styles for distinction
+    line_styles = ["-", "--", "-.", ":", (0, (5, 10)), (0, (5, 5)), (0, (3, 5, 1, 5))]
+
+    # Plot each class
+    for class_idx, class_name in enumerate(class_names):
+        if class_name not in metric_values_dict_per_class:
+            raise KeyError(f"Class '{class_name}' not found in metric_values_dict_per_class.")
+        ax = axes[class_idx]
+        metric_values_dict = metric_values_dict_per_class[class_name]
+
+        # Plot each metric for the current class
+        for i, metric_name in enumerate(metrics_to_plot):
+            if metric_name not in metric_values_dict:
+                raise KeyError(f"Metric '{metric_name}' not found for class '{class_name}'.")
+            metric_values = metric_values_dict[metric_name]
+            if len(metric_values) != len(thresholds):
+                raise ValueError(f"Length of metric '{metric_name}' values for class '{class_name}' " + "does not match length of thresholds.")
+            ax.plot(
+                thresholds,
+                metric_values,
+                label=metric_name.capitalize(),
+                linestyle=line_styles[i % len(line_styles)],
+                linewidth=2,
+                color=colors[i % len(colors)],
+            )
+
+        # Add titles and labels for each subplot
+        ax.set_title(f"{class_name}", fontsize=12)
+        ax.set_xlabel("Threshold", fontsize=10)
+        ax.set_ylabel("Metric Score", fontsize=10)
+        ax.legend(loc="best", fontsize=8)
+        ax.grid(True)
+
+    return fig
+
+
+def plot_confusion_matrices(
+    conf_mat: np.ndarray,
+    task: Literal["binary", "multiclass", "multilabel"],
+    class_names: list[str],
+):
+    """
+    Plots confusion matrices for each class in a single figure with multiple subplots.
+
+    Args:
+        conf_mat (np.ndarray): Confusion matrix or matrices. For binary classification, a single 2x2 matrix.
+            For multilabel or multiclass, an array of shape (num_classes, 2, 2).
+        task (Literal["binary", "multiclass", "multilabel"]): Task type.
+        class_names (List[str]): List of class names.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError: If inputs are not of expected types.
+        ValueError: If confusion matrix dimensions or task specifications are invalid.
+
+    Returns:
+        plt.Figure
+    """
+    # Validate inputs
+    if not isinstance(conf_mat, np.ndarray):
+        raise TypeError("conf_mat must be a numpy ndarray.")
+    if conf_mat.size == 0:
+        raise ValueError("conf_mat is empty.")
+    if not isinstance(task, str) or task not in ["binary", "multiclass", "multilabel"]:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid task. Expected 'binary', 'multiclass', or 'multilabel'.")
+
+    if task == "binary":
+        # Binary classification expects a single 2x2 matrix
+        if conf_mat.shape != (2, 2):
+            raise ValueError("For binary task, conf_mat must be of shape (2, 2).")
+
+        disp = ConfusionMatrixDisplay(confusion_matrix=conf_mat, display_labels=["Negative", "Positive"])
+        fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=MATPLOTLIB_BINARY_CONFUSION_MATRIX_FIGURE_NUM, figsize=(6, 6))
+
+        fig.tight_layout()
+        fig.set_dpi(300)
+        disp.plot(cmap="Reds", ax=ax, colorbar=False, values_format=".2f")
+        ax.set_title("Confusion Matrix")
+    else:
+        # Multilabel or multiclass expects a set of 2x2 matrices
+        num_matrices = conf_mat.shape[0]
+
+        if conf_mat.shape[1:] != (2, 2):
+            raise ValueError("For multilabel or multiclass task, conf_mat must have shape (num_labels, 2, 2).")
+        if len(class_names) != num_matrices:
+            raise ValueError("Length of class_names must match number of labels in conf_mat.")
+
+        # Determine grid size for subplots
+        n_cols = int(np.ceil(np.sqrt(num_matrices)))
+        n_rows = int(np.ceil(num_matrices / n_cols))
+
+        # Create subplots for each confusion matrix
+        fig, axes = plt.subplots(n_rows, n_cols, figsize=(4 * n_cols, 4 * n_rows), num=MATPLOTLIB_MULTICLASS_CONFUSION_MATRIX_FIGURE_NUM)
+        fig.set_dpi(300)
+        axes = axes.flatten() if hasattr(axes, "flatten") else [axes]
+
+        # Plot each confusion matrix
+        for idx, (cf, class_name) in enumerate(zip(conf_mat, class_names, strict=True)):
+            disp = ConfusionMatrixDisplay(confusion_matrix=cf, display_labels=["Negative", "Positive"])
+            disp.plot(cmap="Reds", ax=axes[idx], colorbar=False, values_format=".2f")
+            axes[idx].set_title(f"{class_name}")
+            axes[idx].set_xlabel("Predicted class")
+            axes[idx].set_ylabel("True class")
+
+        # Remove unused subplot axes
+        for ax in axes[num_matrices:]:
+            fig.delaxes(ax)
+
+        plt.tight_layout()
+
+    return fig