biotite 0.41.1__cp310-cp310-macosx_10_16_x86_64.whl

biotite/structure/hbond.py

@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+# This source code is part of the Biotite package and is distributed
+# under the 3-Clause BSD License. Please see 'LICENSE.rst' for further
+# information.
+
+"""
+This module provides functions for hydrogen bonding calculation.
+"""
+
+__name__ = "biotite.structure"
+__author__ = "Daniel Bauer, Patrick Kunzmann"
+__all__ = ["hbond", "hbond_frequency"]
+
+import warnings
+from .geometry import distance, angle
+import numpy as np
+from .atoms import AtomArrayStack, stack
+from .celllist import CellList
+
+
+def hbond(atoms, selection1=None, selection2=None, selection1_type='both',
+          cutoff_dist=2.5, cutoff_angle=120,
+          donor_elements=('O', 'N', 'S'), acceptor_elements=('O', 'N', 'S'),
+          periodic=False):
+    r"""
+    Find hydrogen bonds in a structure using the Baker-Hubbard
+    algorithm. :footcite:`Baker1984`
+
+    This function identifies hydrogen bonds based on the bond angle
+    :math:`\theta` and the bond distance :math:`d_{H,A}`.
+    The default criteria is :math:`\theta > 120^{\circ}`
+    and :math:`d_{H,A} \le 2.5 \mathring{A}`.
+    Consequently, the given structure must contain hydrogen atoms.
+    Otherwise, no hydrogen bonds will be found.
+    
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    atoms : AtomArray or AtomArrayStack
+        The atoms to find hydrogen bonds in.
+    selection1, selection2: ndarray or None
+        Boolean mask for atoms to limit the hydrogen bond search to
+        specific sections of the model. The shape must match the
+        shape of the `atoms` argument. If None is given, the whole atoms
+        stack is used instead. (Default: None)
+    selection1_type: {'acceptor', 'donor', 'both'}, optional (default: 'both')
+        Determines the type of `selection1`.
+        The type of `selection2` is chosen accordingly
+        ('both' or the opposite).
+        (Default: 'both')
+    cutoff_dist : float, optional
+        The maximal distance between the hydrogen and acceptor to be
+        considered a hydrogen bond. (Default: 2.5)
+    cutoff_angle : float, optional
+        The angle cutoff in degree between Donor-H..Acceptor to be
+        considered a hydrogen bond (default: 120).
+    donor_elements, acceptor_elements: tuple of str
+        Elements to be considered as possible donors or acceptors
+        (Default: O, N, S).
+    periodic : bool, optional
+        If true, hydrogen bonds can also be detected in periodic
+        boundary conditions.
+        The `box` attribute of `atoms` is required in this case.
+        (Default: False).
+        
+    Returns
+    -------
+    triplets : ndarray, dtype=int, shape=(n,3)
+        *n x 3* matrix containing the indices of every Donor-H..Acceptor
+        interaction that is available in any of the models.
+        *n* is the number of found interactions.
+        The three matrix columns are *D_index*, *H_index*, *A_index*.
+        If only one model (`AtomArray`) is given, `triplets` contains
+        all of its hydrogen bonds.
+    mask : ndarry, dtype=bool, shape=(m,n)
+        *m x n* matrix that shows if an interaction with index *n* in
+        `triplets` is present in the model *m* of the input `atoms`.
+        Only returned if `atoms` is an :class:`AtomArrayStack`.
+    
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The result of this function may include false positives:
+    Only the chemical elements and the bond geometry is checked.
+    However, there are some cases where a hydrogen bond is still not
+    reasonable.
+    For example, a nitrogen atom with positive charge could be
+    considered as acceptor atom by this method, although this does
+    make sense from a chemical perspective.
+        
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Calculate the total number of hydrogen bonds found in each model:
+    
+    >>> triplets, mask = hbond(atom_array_stack)
+    >>> hbonds_per_model = np.count_nonzero(mask, axis=1)
+    >>> print(hbonds_per_model)
+    [14 14 14 12 11 12  9 13  9 14 13 13 14 11 11 12 11 14 14 13 14 13 15 17
+     14 12 15 12 12 13 13 13 12 12 11 14 10 11]
+    
+    Get hydrogen bond donors of third model:
+    
+    >>> # Third model -> index 2
+    >>> triplets = triplets[mask[2,:]]
+    >>> # First column contains donors
+    >>> print(atom_array_stack[2, triplets[:,0]])
+        A       5  GLN N      N        -5.009   -0.575   -1.365
+        A       6  TRP N      N        -2.154   -0.497   -1.588
+        A       7  LEU N      N        -1.520   -1.904    0.893
+        A       8  LYS N      N        -2.716   -4.413    0.176
+        A       8  LYS NZ     N        -6.352   -4.311   -4.482
+        A       9  ASP N      N        -0.694   -5.301   -1.644
+        A      11  GLY N      N         2.142   -4.244    1.916
+        A      10  GLY N      N         1.135   -6.232    0.250
+        A      14  SER OG     O         4.689   -5.759   -2.390
+        A      13  SER N      N         6.424   -5.220    3.257
+        A      14  SER N      N         6.424   -5.506    0.464
+        A      15  GLY N      N         8.320   -3.632   -0.318
+        A      16  ARG N      N         8.043   -1.206   -1.866
+        A       6  TRP NE1    N         3.420    0.332   -0.121
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hbond_frequency
+
+    References
+    ----------
+
+    .. footbibliography::
+    """
+    if not (atoms.element == "H").any():
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Input structure does not contain hydrogen atoms, "
+            "hence no hydrogen bonds can be identified"
+        )
+
+    # Create AtomArrayStack from AtomArray
+    if not isinstance(atoms, AtomArrayStack):
+        atoms = stack([atoms])
+        single_model = True
+    else:
+        single_model = False
+    
+    if periodic:
+        box = atoms.box
+    else:
+        box = None
+    
+    # Mask for donor/acceptor elements
+    donor_element_mask = np.isin(atoms.element, donor_elements)
+    acceptor_element_mask = np.isin(atoms.element, acceptor_elements)
+
+    if selection1 is None:
+        selection1 = np.ones(atoms.array_length(), dtype=bool)
+    if selection2 is None:
+        selection2 = np.ones(atoms.array_length(), dtype=bool)
+
+    if selection1_type == 'both':
+        # The two selections are separated into three selections:
+        # the original ones without the overlaping part
+        # and one containing the overlap
+        # This prevents redundant triplets and unnecessary computation 
+        overlap_selection = selection1 & selection2
+        # Original selections without overlaping part
+        exclusive_selection1 = selection1 & (~overlap_selection)
+        exclusive_selection2 = selection2 & (~overlap_selection)
+        
+        # Put selections to list for cleaner iteration
+        selections = [
+            exclusive_selection1, exclusive_selection2, overlap_selection
+        ]
+        selection_combinations = [
+            #(0,0),   is not included, would be same selection
+            #         as donor and acceptor simultaneously
+            (0,1),
+            (0,2),
+            (1,0),
+            #(1,1),   # same reason above
+            (1,2),
+            (2,0),
+            (2,1),
+            (2,2)     # overlaping part, combination is necessary
+        ]
+        
+        all_comb_triplets = []
+        all_comb_mask = []
+        for selection_index1, selection_index2 in selection_combinations:
+            donor_mask = selections[selection_index1]
+            acceptor_mask = selections[selection_index2]
+            if  np.count_nonzero(donor_mask) != 0 and \
+                np.count_nonzero(acceptor_mask) != 0:
+                    # Calculate triplets and mask
+                    triplets, mask = _hbond(
+                        atoms, donor_mask, acceptor_mask,
+                        donor_element_mask, acceptor_element_mask,
+                        cutoff_dist, cutoff_angle,
+                        box
+                    )
+                    all_comb_triplets.append(triplets)
+                    all_comb_mask.append(mask)
+        # Merge results from all combinations
+        triplets = np.concatenate(all_comb_triplets, axis=0)
+        mask = np.concatenate(all_comb_mask, axis=1)
+
+    elif selection1_type == 'donor':
+        triplets, mask = _hbond(
+            atoms, selection1, selection2,
+            donor_element_mask, acceptor_element_mask,
+            cutoff_dist, cutoff_angle,
+            box
+        )
+    
+    elif selection1_type == 'acceptor':
+        triplets, mask = _hbond(
+            atoms, selection2, selection1,
+            donor_element_mask, acceptor_element_mask,
+            cutoff_dist, cutoff_angle,
+            box
+        )
+    
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Unkown selection type '{selection1_type}'")
+
+    if single_model:
+        # For a atom array (not stack),
+        # hbond_mask contains only 'True' values,
+        # since all interaction are in the one model
+        # -> Simply return triplets without hbond_mask
+        return triplets
+    else:
+        return triplets, mask
+
+
+def _hbond(atoms, donor_mask, acceptor_mask,
+           donor_element_mask, acceptor_element_mask,
+           cutoff_dist, cutoff_angle, box):
+    
+    # Filter donor/acceptor elements
+    donor_mask    &= donor_element_mask
+    acceptor_mask &= acceptor_element_mask
+
+    first_model_box = box[0] if box is not None else None
+    if atoms.bonds is not None:
+        donor_h_mask, associated_donor_indices = _get_bonded_h(
+            atoms[0], donor_mask, atoms.bonds
+        )
+    else:
+        warnings.warn(
+            "Input structure has no associated 'BondList', "
+            "Hydrogen atoms bonded to donors are detected by distance"
+        )
+        donor_h_mask, associated_donor_indices = _get_bonded_h_via_distance(
+            atoms[0], donor_mask, first_model_box
+        )
+    donor_h_i = np.where(donor_h_mask)[0]
+    acceptor_i = np.where(acceptor_mask)[0]
+    if len(donor_h_i) == 0 or len(acceptor_i) == 0:
+        # Return empty triplets and mask
+        return (
+            np.zeros((0,3), dtype=int),
+            np.zeros((atoms.stack_depth(),0), dtype=bool)
+        )
+    
+    # Narrow the amount of possible acceptor to donor-H connections
+    # down via the distance cutoff parameter using a cell list
+    # Save in acceptor-to-hydrogen matrix
+    # (true when distance smaller than cutoff)
+    coord = atoms.coord
+    possible_bonds = np.zeros(
+        (len(acceptor_i), len(donor_h_i)),
+        dtype=bool
+    )
+    periodic = False if box is None else True
+    for model_i in range(atoms.stack_depth()):
+        donor_h_coord = coord[model_i, donor_h_mask]
+        acceptor_coord = coord[model_i, acceptor_mask]
+        box_for_model = box[model_i] if box is not None else None
+        cell_list = CellList(
+            donor_h_coord, cell_size=cutoff_dist,
+            periodic=periodic, box=box_for_model
+        )
+        possible_bonds |= cell_list.get_atoms_in_cells(
+            acceptor_coord, as_mask=True
+        )
+    possible_bonds_i = np.where(possible_bonds)
+    # Narrow down
+    acceptor_i = acceptor_i[possible_bonds_i[0]]
+    donor_h_i = donor_h_i[possible_bonds_i[1]]
+    
+    # Build D-H..A triplets
+    donor_i = associated_donor_indices[donor_h_i]
+    triplets = np.stack((donor_i, donor_h_i, acceptor_i), axis=1)
+    # Remove entries where donor and acceptor are the same
+    triplets = triplets[donor_i != acceptor_i]
+    
+    hbond_mask = _is_hbond(
+        coord[:, triplets[:,0]],  # donors
+        coord[:, triplets[:,1]],  # donor hydrogens
+        coord[:, triplets[:,2]],  # acceptors
+        box, cutoff_dist=cutoff_dist, cutoff_angle=cutoff_angle
+    )
+
+    # Reduce output to contain only triplets counted at least once
+    is_counted = hbond_mask.any(axis=0)
+    triplets = triplets[is_counted]
+    hbond_mask = hbond_mask[:, is_counted]
+
+    return triplets, hbond_mask
+
+
+def _get_bonded_h(array, donor_mask, bonds):
+    """
+    Helper function to find indices of associated hydrogens in atoms for
+    all donors in atoms[donor_mask].
+    A `BondsList` is used for detecting bonded hydrogen atoms.
+    """
+    hydrogen_mask = (array.element == "H")
+    
+    donor_hydrogen_mask = np.zeros(len(array), dtype=bool)
+    associated_donor_indices = np.full(len(array), -1, dtype=int)
+
+    all_bond_indices, _ = bonds.get_all_bonds()
+    donor_indices = np.where(donor_mask)[0]
+    
+    for donor_i in donor_indices:
+        bonded_indices = all_bond_indices[donor_i]
+        # Remove padding values
+        bonded_indices = bonded_indices[bonded_indices != -1]
+        # Filter hydrogen atoms
+        bonded_indices = bonded_indices[hydrogen_mask[bonded_indices]]
+        donor_hydrogen_mask[bonded_indices] = True
+        associated_donor_indices[bonded_indices] = donor_i
+    
+    return donor_hydrogen_mask, associated_donor_indices
+
+
+def _get_bonded_h_via_distance(array, donor_mask, box):
+    """
+    Helper function to find indices of associated hydrogens in atoms for
+    all donors in atoms[donor_mask].
+    The criterium is that the hydrogen must be in the same residue and
+    the distance must be smaller than the cutoff.
+    """
+    CUTOFF = 1.5
+
+    coord = array.coord
+    res_id = array.res_id
+    hydrogen_mask = (array.element == "H")
+    
+    donor_hydrogen_mask = np.zeros(len(array), dtype=bool)
+    associated_donor_indices = np.full(len(array), -1, dtype=int)
+
+    donor_indices = np.where(donor_mask)[0]
+    for donor_i in donor_indices:
+        candidate_mask = hydrogen_mask & (res_id == res_id[donor_i])
+        distances = distance(
+            coord[donor_i], coord[candidate_mask], box=box
+        )
+        donor_h_indices = np.where(candidate_mask)[0][distances <= CUTOFF]
+        for i in donor_h_indices:
+            associated_donor_indices[i] = donor_i
+            donor_hydrogen_mask[i] = True
+    
+    return donor_hydrogen_mask, associated_donor_indices
+
+
+def _is_hbond(donor, donor_h, acceptor, box, cutoff_dist, cutoff_angle):
+    """
+    Filter triplets that meet distance and angle condition.
+    """
+    cutoff_angle_rad = np.deg2rad(cutoff_angle)
+    theta = angle(donor, donor_h, acceptor, box=box)
+    dist = distance(donor_h, acceptor, box=box)
+    return (theta > cutoff_angle_rad) & (dist <= cutoff_dist)
+
+
+def hbond_frequency(mask):
+    """
+    Get the relative frequency of each hydrogen bond in a multi-model
+    structure.
+
+    The frequency is the amount of models, where the respective bond
+    exists divided by the total amount of models.
+    
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    mask: ndarray, dtype=bool, shape=(m,n)
+        Input mask obtained from `hbond` function.
+    
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ndarray, dtype=Float
+        For each individual interaction *n* of the mask, returns the
+        percentage of models *m*, in which this hydrogen bond is
+        present.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    hbond
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+
+    >>> triplets, mask = hbond(atom_array_stack)
+    >>> freq = hbond_frequency(mask)
+    >>> print(freq)
+    [0.263 0.289 0.105 0.105 0.237 0.026 0.053 0.395 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.026
+     0.421 0.026 0.026 0.316 0.816 0.026 0.921 0.026 0.342 0.026 0.105 0.026
+     0.132 0.053 0.026 0.158 0.026 0.868 0.211 0.026 0.921 0.316 0.079 0.237
+     0.105 0.421 0.079 0.026 1.000 0.053 0.132 0.026 0.184]
+    """
+    return mask.sum(axis=0)/len(mask)

biotite/structure/info/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# This source code is part of the Biotite package and is distributed
+# under the 3-Clause BSD License. Please see 'LICENSE.rst' for further
+# information.
+
+"""
+A subpackage for obtaining all kinds of chemical information about atoms
+and residues, including masses, radii, bonds, etc.
+
+Most information is extracted from the *Chemical Component Dictionary*
+of the
+`wwPDB <ftp://ftp.wwpdb.org/pub/pdb/data/monomers/components.cif>`_.
+"""
+
+__name__ = "biotite.structure.info"
+__author__ = "Patrick Kunzmann, Tom David Müller"
+
+from .groups import *
+
+from .atoms import *
+from .bonds import *
+from .groups import *
+from .masses import *
+from .misc import *
+from .radii import *
+from .standardize import *

biotite/structure/info/atom_masses.json

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+{
+    "H"  :   1.008,
+    "D"  :   2.014,
+    "HE" :   4.002,
+    "LI" :   6.940,
+    "BE" :   9.012,
+    "B"  :  10.810,
+    "C"  :  12.011,
+    "N"  :  14.007,
+    "O"  :  15.999,
+    "F"  :  18.998,
+    "NE" :  20.180,
+    "NA" :  22.989,
+    "MG" :  24.305,
+    "AL" :  26.981,
+    "SI" :  28.085,
+    "P"  :  30.973,
+    "S"  :  32.060,
+    "CL" :  35.450,
+    "AR" :  39.948,
+    "K"  :  39.098,
+    "CA" :  40.078,
+    "SC" :  44.955,
+    "TI" :  47.867,
+    "V"  :  50.941,
+    "CR" :  51.996,
+    "MN" :  54.938,
+    "FE" :  55.845,
+    "CO" :  58.933,
+    "NI" :  58.693,
+    "CU" :  63.546,
+    "ZN" :  65.380,
+    "GA" :  69.723,
+    "GE" :  72.630,
+    "AS" :  74.921,
+    "SE" :  78.971,
+    "BR" :  79.904,
+    "KR" :  83.798,
+    "RB" :  85.468,
+    "SR" :  87.620,
+    "Y"  :  88.905,
+    "ZR" :  91.224,
+    "NB" :  92.906,
+    "MO" :  95.950,
+    "TC" :  97.000,
+    "RU" : 101.070,
+    "RH" : 102.905,
+    "PD" : 106.420,
+    "AG" : 107.868,
+    "CD" : 112.414,
+    "IN" : 114.818,
+    "SN" : 118.710,
+    "SB" : 121.760,
+    "TE" : 127.600,
+    "I"  : 126.904,
+    "XE" : 131.293,
+    "CS" : 132.905,
+    "BA" : 137.327,
+    "LA" : 138.905,
+    "CE" : 140.116,
+    "PR" : 140.907,
+    "ND" : 144.242,
+    "PM" : 145.000,
+    "SM" : 150.360,
+    "EU" : 151.964,
+    "GD" : 157.250,
+    "TB" : 158.925,
+    "DY" : 162.500,
+    "HO" : 164.930,
+    "ER" : 167.259,
+    "TM" : 168.934,
+    "YB" : 173.045,
+    "LU" : 174.967,
+    "HF" : 178.490,
+    "TA" : 180.947,
+    "W"  : 183.840,
+    "RE" : 186.207,
+    "OS" : 190.230,
+    "IR" : 192.217,
+    "PT" : 195.084,
+    "AU" : 196.966,
+    "HG" : 200.592,
+    "TL" : 204.380,
+    "PB" : 207.200,
+    "BI" : 208.980,
+    "PO" : 209.000,
+    "AT" : 210.000,
+    "RN" : 222.000,
+    "FR" : 223.000,
+    "RA" : 226.000,
+    "AC" : 227.000,
+    "TH" : 232.038,
+    "PA" : 231.035,
+    "U"  : 238.028,
+    "NP" : 237.000,
+    "PU" : 244.000,
+    "AM" : 243.000,
+    "CM" : 247.000,
+    "BK" : 247.000,
+    "CF" : 251.000,
+    "ES" : 252.000,
+    "FM" : 257.000,
+    "MD" : 258.000,
+    "NO" : 259.000,
+    "LR" : 262.000,
+    "RF" : 267.000,
+    "DB" : 270.000,
+    "SG" : 269.000,
+    "BH" : 270.000,
+    "HS" : 270.000,
+    "MT" : 278.000,
+    "DS" : 281.000,
+    "RG" : 281.000,
+    "CN" : 285.000,
+    "NH" : 286.000,
+    "FL" : 289.000,
+    "MC" : 289.000,
+    "LV" : 293.000,
+    "TS" : 293.000,
+    "OG" : 294.000
+}

biotite/structure/info/atoms.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# This source code is part of the Biotite package and is distributed
+# under the 3-Clause BSD License. Please see 'LICENSE.rst' for further
+# information.
+
+__name__ = "biotite.structure.info"
+__author__ = "Patrick Kunzmann"
+__all__ = ["residue"]
+
+from .ccd import get_ccd
+
+
+non_hetero_residues = set([
+    "ALA","ARG","ASN","ASP","CYS","GLN","GLU","GLY","HIS",
+    "ILE","LEU","LYS","MET","PHE","PRO","PYL","SER","THR",
+    "TRP","TYR","VAL", "SEC",
+    "A", "DA", "G", "DG", "C", "DC", "U", "DT",
+])
+
+
+def residue(res_name):
+    """
+    Get an atom array, representing the residue with the given name.
+
+    This atom array includes proper values for the ``residue_name``,
+    ``hetero``, ``atom_name``, ``element`` and ``charge`` annotation
+    arrays and bonds and coordinates.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    res_name : str
+        The up to 3-letter name of the residue.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    atom_array : AtomArray
+        The atom array described by `res_name`.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+
+    >>> alanine = residue("ALA")
+    >>> # Atoms and geometry
+    >>> print(alanine)
+                0  ALA N      N        -0.970    0.490    1.500
+                0  ALA CA     C         0.260    0.420    0.690
+                0  ALA C      C        -0.090    0.020   -0.720
+                0  ALA O      O        -1.060   -0.680   -0.920
+                0  ALA CB     C         1.200   -0.620    1.300
+                0  ALA OXT    O         0.660    0.440   -1.740
+                0  ALA H      H        -1.380   -0.420    1.480
+                0  ALA H2     H        -0.680    0.660    2.450
+                0  ALA HA     H         0.750    1.390    0.680
+                0  ALA HB1    H         1.460   -0.330    2.320
+                0  ALA HB2    H         0.720   -1.590    1.310
+                0  ALA HB3    H         2.110   -0.680    0.700
+                0  ALA HXT    H         0.440    0.180   -2.650
+    >>> # Bonds
+    >>> print(alanine.atom_name[alanine.bonds.as_array()[:,:2]])
+    [['N' 'CA']
+     ['N' 'H']
+     ['N' 'H2']
+     ['CA' 'C']
+     ['CA' 'CB']
+     ['CA' 'HA']
+     ['C' 'O']
+     ['C' 'OXT']
+     ['CB' 'HB1']
+     ['CB' 'HB2']
+     ['CB' 'HB3']
+     ['OXT' 'HXT']]
+    """
+    # Avoid circular import
+    from ..io.pdbx import get_component
+
+    try:
+        component = get_component(get_ccd(), res_name=res_name)
+    except KeyError:
+        raise KeyError(
+            f"No atom information found for residue '{res_name}' in CCD"
+        )
+    component.hetero[:] = res_name not in non_hetero_residues
+    return component