bigdl-core-cpp 2.5.0b20240507__py3-none-win_amd64.whl → 2.5.0b20240509__py3-none-win_amd64.whl

bigdl/cpp/convert-hf-to-gguf.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3177 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import argparse
+import contextlib
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from enum import IntEnum
+from pathlib import Path
+from hashlib import sha256
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, ContextManager, Iterator, Sequence, TypeVar, cast
+
+import numpy as np
+import torch
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from torch import Tensor
+
+if 'NO_LOCAL_GGUF' not in os.environ:
+    sys.path.insert(1, str(Path(__file__).parent / 'gguf-py'))
+import gguf
+
+from convert import LlamaHfVocab, permute
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("hf-to-gguf")
+
+
+###### MODEL DEFINITIONS ######
+
+class SentencePieceTokenTypes(IntEnum):
+    NORMAL = 1
+    UNKNOWN = 2
+    CONTROL = 3
+    USER_DEFINED = 4
+    UNUSED = 5
+    BYTE = 6
+
+
+AnyModel = TypeVar("AnyModel", bound="type[Model]")
+
+
+class Model(ABC):
+    _model_classes: dict[str, type[Model]] = {}
+
+    def __init__(self, dir_model: Path, ftype: int, fname_out: Path, is_big_endian: bool, use_temp_file: bool):
+        self.dir_model = dir_model
+        self.ftype = ftype
+        self.fname_out = fname_out
+        self.is_big_endian = is_big_endian
+        self.endianess = gguf.GGUFEndian.BIG if is_big_endian else gguf.GGUFEndian.LITTLE
+        self.use_temp_file = use_temp_file
+        self.is_safetensors = self._is_model_safetensors()
+        self.num_parts = Model.count_model_parts(self.dir_model, ".safetensors" if self.is_safetensors else ".bin")
+        self.part_names = self._get_part_names()
+        self.hparams = Model.load_hparams(self.dir_model)
+        self.gguf_writer = gguf.GGUFWriter(fname_out, gguf.MODEL_ARCH_NAMES[self.model_arch], endianess=self.endianess, use_temp_file=self.use_temp_file)
+        self.block_count = self.find_hparam(["n_layers", "num_hidden_layers", "n_layer"])
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def model_arch(self) -> gguf.MODEL_ARCH:
+        pass
+
+    def find_hparam(self, keys: Sequence[str], optional: bool = False) -> Any:
+        key = next((k for k in keys if k in self.hparams), None)
+        if key is not None:
+            return self.hparams[key]
+        if optional:
+            return None
+        raise KeyError(f"could not find any of: {keys}")
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        self._set_vocab_gpt2()
+
+    def get_tensors(self) -> Iterator[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        for part_name in self.part_names:
+            logger.info(f"gguf: loading model part '{part_name}'")
+            ctx: ContextManager[Any]
+            if self.is_safetensors:
+                from safetensors import safe_open
+                ctx = cast(ContextManager[Any], safe_open(self.dir_model / part_name, framework="pt", device="cpu"))
+            else:
+                ctx = contextlib.nullcontext(torch.load(str(self.dir_model / part_name), map_location="cpu", mmap=True, weights_only=True))
+
+            with ctx as model_part:
+                for name in model_part.keys():
+                    data = model_part.get_tensor(name) if self.is_safetensors else model_part[name]
+                    yield name, data
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.block_count)
+
+        if (n_ctx := self.find_hparam(["max_position_embeddings", "n_ctx"], optional=True)) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(n_ctx)
+            logger.info(f"gguf: context length = {n_ctx}")
+
+        n_embd = self.find_hparam(["hidden_size", "n_embd"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(n_embd)
+        logger.info(f"gguf: embedding length = {n_embd}")
+
+        if (n_ff := self.find_hparam(["intermediate_size", "n_inner"], optional=True)) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(n_ff)
+            logger.info(f"gguf: feed forward length = {n_ff}")
+
+        n_head = self.find_hparam(["num_attention_heads", "n_head"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(n_head)
+        logger.info(f"gguf: head count = {n_head}")
+
+        if (n_head_kv := self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads")) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(n_head_kv)
+            logger.info(f"gguf: key-value head count = {n_head_kv}")
+
+        if (rope_theta := self.hparams.get("rope_theta")) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_rope_freq_base(rope_theta)
+            logger.info(f"gguf: rope theta = {rope_theta}")
+        if (f_rms_eps := self.hparams.get("rms_norm_eps")) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(f_rms_eps)
+            logger.info(f"gguf: rms norm epsilon = {f_rms_eps}")
+        if (f_norm_eps := self.find_hparam(["layer_norm_eps", "layer_norm_epsilon", "norm_epsilon"], optional=True)) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(f_norm_eps)
+            logger.info(f"gguf: layer norm epsilon = {f_norm_eps}")
+        if (n_experts := self.hparams.get("num_local_experts")) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_expert_count(n_experts)
+            logger.info(f"gguf: expert count = {n_experts}")
+        if (n_experts_used := self.hparams.get("num_experts_per_tok")) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_expert_used_count(n_experts_used)
+            logger.info(f"gguf: experts used count = {n_experts_used}")
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+        logger.info(f"gguf: file type = {self.ftype}")
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams.get("n_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers", self.hparams.get("n_layer")))
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
+            # we don't need these
+            if name.endswith((".attention.masked_bias", ".attention.bias", ".attention.rotary_emb.inv_freq")):
+                continue
+
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and (n_dims == 1 or new_name.endswith("_norm.weight")):
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.info(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+    def write(self):
+        self.write_tensors()
+        self.gguf_writer.write_header_to_file()
+        self.gguf_writer.write_kv_data_to_file()
+        self.gguf_writer.write_tensors_to_file()
+        self.gguf_writer.close()
+
+    def write_vocab(self):
+        self.gguf_writer.write_header_to_file()
+        self.gguf_writer.write_kv_data_to_file()
+        self.gguf_writer.close()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def count_model_parts(dir_model: Path, prefix: str) -> int:
+        num_parts = 0
+        for filename in os.listdir(dir_model):
+            if filename.endswith(prefix):
+                num_parts += 1
+
+        return num_parts
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def load_hparams(dir_model):
+        with open(dir_model / "config.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            return json.load(f)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def register(cls, *names: str) -> Callable[[AnyModel], AnyModel]:
+        assert names
+
+        def func(modelcls: type[Model]):
+            for name in names:
+                cls._model_classes[name] = modelcls
+            return modelcls
+        return func
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_model_architecture(cls, arch):
+        try:
+            return cls._model_classes[arch]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f'Architecture {arch!r} not supported!') from None
+
+    def _is_model_safetensors(self) -> bool:
+        return Model.count_model_parts(self.dir_model, ".safetensors") > 0
+
+    def _get_part_names(self):
+        if self.is_safetensors:
+            if self.num_parts == 1:  # there's only one .safetensors file
+                return ("model.safetensors",)
+            return (f"model-{n:05}-of-{self.num_parts:05}.safetensors" for n in range(1, self.num_parts + 1))
+
+        if self.num_parts == 1:  # there's only one .bin file
+            return ("pytorch_model.bin",)
+        return (f"pytorch_model-{n:05}-of-{self.num_parts:05}.bin" for n in range(1, self.num_parts + 1))
+
+    # used for GPT-2 BPE and WordPiece vocabs
+    def get_vocab_base(self) -> tuple[list[str], list[int], str]:
+        tokens: list[str] = []
+        toktypes: list[int] = []
+
+        from transformers import AutoTokenizer
+        tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(self.dir_model)
+        vocab_size = self.hparams.get("vocab_size", len(tokenizer.vocab))
+        assert max(tokenizer.vocab.values()) < vocab_size
+
+        tokpre = self.get_vocab_base_pre(tokenizer)
+
+        reverse_vocab = {id_: encoded_tok for encoded_tok, id_ in tokenizer.vocab.items()}
+        added_vocab = tokenizer.get_added_vocab()
+
+        for i in range(vocab_size):
+            if i not in reverse_vocab:
+                tokens.append(f"[PAD{i}]")
+                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.USER_DEFINED)
+            elif reverse_vocab[i] in added_vocab:
+                tokens.append(reverse_vocab[i])
+                if tokenizer.added_tokens_decoder[i].special:
+                    toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.CONTROL)
+                else:
+                    toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.USER_DEFINED)
+            else:
+                tokens.append(reverse_vocab[i])
+                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.NORMAL)
+
+        return tokens, toktypes, tokpre
+
+    # NOTE: this function is generated by convert-hf-to-gguf-update.py
+    #       do not modify it manually!
+    # ref:  https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/6920
+    def get_vocab_base_pre(self, tokenizer) -> str:
+        # encoding this string and hashing the resulting tokens would (hopefully) give us a unique identifier that
+        # is specific for the BPE pre-tokenizer used by the model
+        # we will use this unique identifier to write a "tokenizer.ggml.pre" entry in the GGUF file which we can
+        # use in llama.cpp to implement the same pre-tokenizer
+
+        chktxt = '\n \n\n \n\n\n \t \t\t \t\n  \n   \n    \n     \n🚀 (normal) 😶\u200d🌫️ (multiple emojis concatenated) ✅ 🦙🦙 3 33 333 3333 33333 333333 3333333 33333333 3.3 3..3 3...3 កាន់តែពិសេសអាច😁 ?我想在apple工作1314151天～ ------======= нещо на Български \'\'\'\'\'\'```````""""......!!!!!!?????? I\'ve been \'told he\'s there, \'RE you sure? \'M not sure I\'ll make it, \'D you like some tea? We\'Ve a\'lL'
+
+        chktok = tokenizer.encode(chktxt)
+        chkhsh = sha256(str(chktok).encode()).hexdigest()
+
+        logger.debug(f"chktok: {chktok}")
+        logger.debug(f"chkhsh: {chkhsh}")
+
+        res = None
+
+        # NOTE: if you get an error here, you need to update the convert-hf-to-gguf-update.py script
+        #       or pull the latest version of the model from Huggingface
+        #       don't edit the hashes manually!
+        if chkhsh == "0ef9807a4087ebef797fc749390439009c3b9eda9ad1a097abbe738f486c01e5":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B
+            res = "llama-bpe"
+        if chkhsh == "049ecf7629871e3041641907f3de7c733e4dbfdc736f57d882ba0b0845599754":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/deepseek-llm-7b-base
+            res = "deepseek-llm"
+        if chkhsh == "347715f544604f9118bb75ed199f68779f423cabb20db6de6f31b908d04d7821":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/deepseek-coder-6.7b-base
+            res = "deepseek-coder"
+        if chkhsh == "8aeee3860c56296a157a1fe2fad249ec40aa59b1bb5709f4ade11c4e6fe652ed":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-7b
+            res = "falcon"
+        if chkhsh == "0876d13b50744004aa9aeae05e7b0647eac9d801b5ba4668afc01e709c15e19f":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5
+            res = "bert-bge"
+        if chkhsh == "b6dc8df998e1cfbdc4eac8243701a65afe638679230920b50d6f17d81c098166":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/mosaicml/mpt-7b
+            res = "mpt"
+        if chkhsh == "35d91631860c815f952d711435f48d356ebac988362536bed955d43bfa436e34":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/bigcode/starcoder2-3b
+            res = "starcoder"
+        if chkhsh == "3ce83efda5659b07b1ad37ca97ca5797ea4285d9b9ab0dc679e4a720c9da7454":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/openai-community/gpt2
+            res = "gpt-2"
+        if chkhsh == "6221ad2852e85ce96f791f476e0b390cf9b474c9e3d1362f53a24a06dc8220ff":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/smallcloudai/Refact-1_6-base
+            res = "refact"
+        if chkhsh == "9c2227e4dd922002fb81bde4fc02b0483ca4f12911410dee2255e4987644e3f8":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/CohereForAI/c4ai-command-r-v01
+            res = "command-r"
+        if chkhsh == "b6dc8df998e1cfbdc4eac8243701a65afe638679230920b50d6f17d81c098166":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/allenai/OLMo-1.7-7B-hf
+            res = "olmo"
+
+        if res is None:
+            logger.warning("\n")
+            logger.warning("**************************************************************************************")
+            logger.warning("** WARNING: The BPE pre-tokenizer was not recognized!")
+            logger.warning("**          There are 2 possible reasons for this:")
+            logger.warning("**          - the model has not been added to convert-hf-to-gguf-update.py yet")
+            logger.warning("**          - the pre-tokenization config has changed upstream")
+            logger.warning("**          Check your model files and convert-hf-to-gguf-update.py and update them accordingly.")
+            logger.warning("** ref:     https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/6920")
+            logger.warning("**")
+            logger.warning(f"** chkhsh:  {chkhsh}")
+            logger.warning("**************************************************************************************")
+            logger.warning("\n")
+            raise NotImplementedError("BPE pre-tokenizer was not recognized - update get_vocab_base_pre()")
+
+        logger.debug(f"tokenizer.ggml.pre: {repr(res)}")
+        logger.debug(f"chkhsh: {chkhsh}")
+
+        return res
+
+    def _set_vocab_gpt2(self) -> None:
+        tokens, toktypes, tokpre = self.get_vocab_base()
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("gpt2")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre(tokpre)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
+
+        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, load_merges=True)
+        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
+
+    def _set_vocab_qwen(self):
+        dir_model = self.dir_model
+        hparams = self.hparams
+        tokens: list[str] = []
+        toktypes: list[int] = []
+
+        from transformers import AutoTokenizer
+        tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(dir_model, trust_remote_code=True)
+        vocab_size = hparams["vocab_size"]
+        assert max(tokenizer.get_vocab().values()) < vocab_size
+
+        tokpre = self.get_vocab_base_pre(tokenizer)
+
+        merges = []
+        vocab = {}
+        mergeable_ranks = tokenizer.mergeable_ranks
+        for token, rank in mergeable_ranks.items():
+            vocab[QwenModel.token_bytes_to_string(token)] = rank
+            if len(token) == 1:
+                continue
+            merged = QwenModel.bpe(mergeable_ranks, token, max_rank=rank)
+            assert len(merged) == 2
+            merges.append(' '.join(map(QwenModel.token_bytes_to_string, merged)))
+
+        # for this kind of tokenizer, added_vocab is not a subset of vocab, so they need to be combined
+        added_vocab = tokenizer.special_tokens
+        reverse_vocab = {id_ : encoded_tok for encoded_tok, id_ in (vocab | added_vocab).items()}
+
+        for i in range(vocab_size):
+            if i not in reverse_vocab:
+                tokens.append(f"[PAD{i}]")
+                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.USER_DEFINED)
+            elif reverse_vocab[i] in added_vocab:
+                tokens.append(reverse_vocab[i])
+                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.CONTROL)
+            else:
+                tokens.append(reverse_vocab[i])
+                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.NORMAL)
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("gpt2")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre(tokpre)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
+
+        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(dir_model, load_merges=False)
+        special_vocab.merges = merges
+        # only add special tokens when they were not already loaded from config.json
+        if len(special_vocab.special_token_ids) == 0:
+            special_vocab._set_special_token("bos", tokenizer.special_tokens["<|endoftext|>"])
+            special_vocab._set_special_token("eos", tokenizer.special_tokens["<|endoftext|>"])
+        # this one is usually not in config.json anyway
+        special_vocab._set_special_token("unk", tokenizer.special_tokens["<|endoftext|>"])
+        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
+
+    def _set_vocab_sentencepiece(self):
+        from sentencepiece import SentencePieceProcessor
+
+        tokenizer_path = self.dir_model / 'tokenizer.model'
+
+        tokens: list[bytes] = []
+        scores: list[float] = []
+        toktypes: list[int] = []
+
+        if not tokenizer_path.is_file():
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"File not found: {tokenizer_path}")
+
+        tokenizer = SentencePieceProcessor(str(tokenizer_path))
+        vocab_size = self.hparams.get('vocab_size', tokenizer.vocab_size())
+
+        for token_id in range(tokenizer.vocab_size()):
+            piece = tokenizer.id_to_piece(token_id)
+            text = piece.encode("utf-8")
+            score = tokenizer.get_score(token_id)
+
+            toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.NORMAL
+            if tokenizer.is_unknown(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNKNOWN
+            elif tokenizer.is_control(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.CONTROL
+            elif tokenizer.is_unused(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED
+            elif tokenizer.is_byte(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.BYTE
+
+            tokens.append(text)
+            scores.append(score)
+            toktypes.append(toktype)
+
+        added_tokens_file = self.dir_model / 'added_tokens.json'
+        if added_tokens_file.is_file():
+            with open(added_tokens_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                added_tokens_json = json.load(f)
+
+                for key in added_tokens_json:
+                    key = key.encode("utf-8")
+                    if key not in tokens:
+                        tokens.append(key)
+                        scores.append(-1000.0)
+                        toktypes.append(SentencePieceTokenTypes.USER_DEFINED)
+
+        if vocab_size > len(tokens):
+            pad_count = vocab_size - len(tokens)
+            logger.debug(f"Padding vocab with {pad_count} token(s) - [PAD1] through [PAD{pad_count}]")
+            for i in range(1, pad_count + 1):
+                tokens.append(f"[PAD{i}]")
+                scores.append(-1000.0)
+                toktypes.append(SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED)
+
+        assert len(tokens) == vocab_size
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("llama")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre("default")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_scores(scores)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
+
+        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, n_vocab=len(tokens))
+        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
+
+    def _set_vocab_llama_hf(self):
+        vocab = LlamaHfVocab(self.dir_model)
+        tokens = []
+        scores = []
+        toktypes = []
+
+        for text, score, toktype in vocab.all_tokens():
+            tokens.append(text)
+            scores.append(score)
+            toktypes.append(toktype)
+
+        assert len(tokens) == vocab.vocab_size
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("llama")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre("default")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_scores(scores)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
+
+        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, n_vocab=len(tokens))
+        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
+
+
+@Model.register("GPTNeoXForCausalLM")
+class GPTNeoXModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.GPTNEOX
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["max_position_embeddings"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["hidden_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(self.hparams["intermediate_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(
+            int(self.hparams["rotary_pct"] * (self.hparams["hidden_size"] // self.hparams["num_attention_heads"])),
+        )
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(self.hparams["num_attention_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_parallel_residual(self.hparams.get("use_parallel_residual", True))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(self.hparams["layer_norm_eps"])
+
+
+@Model.register("BloomForCausalLM")
+class BloomModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.BLOOM
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name("Bloom")
+        n_embed = self.hparams.get("hidden_size", self.hparams.get("n_embed"))
+        n_head = self.hparams.get("n_head", self.hparams.get("num_attention_heads"))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams.get("seq_length", n_embed))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(n_embed)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(4 * n_embed)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.hparams["n_layer"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(n_head)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(n_head)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(self.hparams["layer_norm_epsilon"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams["n_layer"]
+        tensors = dict(self.get_tensors())
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+        has_lm_head = True
+        n_head = self.hparams.get("n_head", self.hparams.get("num_attention_heads"))
+        n_embed = self.hparams.get("hidden_size", self.hparams.get("n_embed"))
+
+        for name, data_torch in tensors.items():
+            if "lm_head.weight" not in tensors.keys() and "output.weight" not in tensors.keys():
+                has_lm_head = False
+
+            name = re.sub(r'transformer\.', '', name)
+
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            if re.match(r"h\.\d+\.self_attention\.query_key_value\.weight", name):
+                # Map bloom-style qkv_linear to gpt-style qkv_linear
+                # bloom: https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/main/src/transformers/models/bloom/modeling_bloom.py#L238-L252  # noqa
+                # gpt-2: https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/main/src/transformers/models/gpt2/modeling_gpt2.py#L312  # noqa
+                qkv_weights = data.reshape((n_head, 3, n_embed // n_head, n_embed))
+                data = np.concatenate(
+                    (
+                        qkv_weights[:, 0, :, :].reshape((-1, n_embed)),
+                        qkv_weights[:, 1, :, :].reshape((-1, n_embed)),
+                        qkv_weights[:, 2, :, :].reshape((-1, n_embed)),
+                    ),
+                    axis=0,
+                )
+                logger.info("re-format attention.linear_qkv.weight")
+            elif re.match(r"h\.\d+\.self_attention\.query_key_value\.bias", name):
+                qkv_bias = data.reshape((n_head, 3, n_embed // n_head))
+                data = np.concatenate(
+                    (
+                        qkv_bias[:, 0, :].reshape((n_embed,)),
+                        qkv_bias[:, 1, :].reshape((n_embed,)),
+                        qkv_bias[:, 2, :].reshape((n_embed,)),
+                    ),
+                    axis=0,
+                )
+                logger.info("re-format attention.linear_qkv.bias")
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.info(f"=> {new_name}, shape = {data.shape}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+            if not has_lm_head and name == "word_embeddings.weight":
+                self.gguf_writer.add_tensor("output.weight", data)
+                logger.info(name, f"=> output.weight, shape = {data.shape}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+
+@Model.register("MPTForCausalLM")
+class MPTModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.MPT
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        try:
+            self._set_vocab_gpt2()
+        except Exception:
+            # Fallback for SEA-LION model
+            self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
+            self.gguf_writer.add_add_bos_token(False)
+            self.gguf_writer.add_pad_token_id(3)
+            self.gguf_writer.add_eos_token_id(1)
+            self.gguf_writer.add_unk_token_id(0)
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams["n_layers"]
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["max_seq_len"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["d_model"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(4 * self.hparams["d_model"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(self.hparams["n_heads"])
+        if kv_n_heads := self.hparams["attn_config"].get("kv_n_heads"):
+            self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(kv_n_heads)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(1e-5)
+        if self.hparams["attn_config"]["clip_qkv"] is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_clamp_kqv(self.hparams["attn_config"]["clip_qkv"])
+        if self.hparams["attn_config"]["alibi"]:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_max_alibi_bias(self.hparams["attn_config"]["alibi_bias_max"])
+        else:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_max_alibi_bias(0.0)
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams.get("n_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers"))
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
+            # we don't need these
+            if name.endswith((".attention.masked_bias", ".attention.bias", ".attention.rotary_emb.inv_freq")):
+                continue
+
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            # map tensor names
+            if "scales" in name:
+                new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias", ".scales"))
+                if new_name is not None:
+                    new_name = new_name.replace("scales", "act.scales")
+            else:
+                new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.info(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+
+@Model.register("OrionForCausalLM")
+class OrionModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.ORION
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
+        head_count = self.hparams["num_attention_heads"]
+        head_count_kv = self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads", head_count)
+        hf_repo = self.hparams.get("_name_or_path", "")
+
+        ctx_length = 0
+        if "max_sequence_length" in self.hparams:
+            ctx_length = self.hparams["max_sequence_length"]
+        elif "max_position_embeddings" in self.hparams:
+            ctx_length = self.hparams["max_position_embeddings"]
+        elif "model_max_length" in self.hparams:
+            ctx_length = self.hparams["model_max_length"]
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("gguf: can not find ctx length parameter.")
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_source_hf_repo(hf_repo)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tensor_data_layout("Meta AI original pth")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(ctx_length)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["hidden_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(self.hparams["intermediate_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(head_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(head_count_kv)
+        # note: config provides rms norm but it is actually layer norm
+        # ref:  https://huggingface.co/OrionStarAI/Orion-14B-Chat/blob/276a17221ce42beb45f66fac657a41540e71f4f5/modeling_orion.py#L570-L571
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(self.hparams["rms_norm_eps"])
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        # Collect tensors from generator object
+        model_kv = dict(self.get_tensors())
+        block_count = self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+
+        for name, data_torch in model_kv.items():
+            # we don't need these
+            if name.endswith(".rotary_emb.inv_freq"):
+                continue
+
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.info(f"{name} -> {new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+
+@Model.register("BaichuanForCausalLM", "BaiChuanForCausalLM")
+class BaichuanModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.BAICHUAN
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
+        head_count = self.hparams["num_attention_heads"]
+        head_count_kv = self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads", head_count)
+        hf_repo = self.hparams.get("_name_or_path", "")
+
+        ctx_length = 0
+        if "max_sequence_length" in self.hparams:
+            ctx_length = self.hparams["max_sequence_length"]
+        elif "max_position_embeddings" in self.hparams:
+            ctx_length = self.hparams["max_position_embeddings"]
+        elif "model_max_length" in self.hparams:
+            ctx_length = self.hparams["model_max_length"]
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("gguf: can not find ctx length parameter.")
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_source_hf_repo(hf_repo)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tensor_data_layout("Meta AI original pth")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(ctx_length)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["hidden_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(self.hparams["intermediate_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(self.hparams["hidden_size"] // self.hparams["num_attention_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(head_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(head_count_kv)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(self.hparams["rms_norm_eps"])
+
+        if self.hparams.get("rope_scaling") is not None and "factor" in self.hparams["rope_scaling"]:
+            if self.hparams["rope_scaling"].get("type") == "linear":
+                self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_type(gguf.RopeScalingType.LINEAR)
+                self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_factor(self.hparams["rope_scaling"]["factor"])
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        # Collect tensors from generator object
+        model_kv = dict(self.get_tensors())
+        block_count = self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
+        head_count = self.hparams["num_attention_heads"]
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+        head_count_kv = self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads", head_count)
+
+        for i in range(block_count):
+            if (w := model_kv.get(f"model.layers.{i}.self_attn.W_pack.weight")) is not None:
+                logger.info(f"Unpacking and permuting layer {i}")
+                model_kv[f"model.layers.{i}.self_attn.q_proj.weight"] = \
+                    self._reverse_hf_permute_part(w, 0, head_count, head_count)
+                model_kv[f"model.layers.{i}.self_attn.k_proj.weight"] = \
+                    self._reverse_hf_permute_part(w, 1, head_count, head_count_kv)
+                model_kv[f"model.layers.{i}.self_attn.v_proj.weight"] = \
+                    self._reverse_hf_part(w, 2)
+                del model_kv[f"model.layers.{i}.self_attn.W_pack.weight"]
+
+        for name, data_torch in model_kv.items():
+            # we don't need these
+            if name.endswith(".rotary_emb.inv_freq"):
+                continue
+
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.info(f"{name} -> {new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+    def _reverse_hf_permute(self, weights: Tensor, n_head: int, n_kv_head: int | None = None) -> Tensor:
+        if n_kv_head is not None and n_head != n_kv_head:
+            n_head //= n_kv_head
+
+        return (
+            weights.reshape(n_head, 2, weights.shape[0] // n_head // 2, *weights.shape[1:])
+            .swapaxes(1, 2)
+            .reshape(weights.shape)
+        )
+
+    def _reverse_hf_permute_part(
+        self, weights: Tensor, n_part: int, n_head: int, n_head_kv: int | None = None,
+    ) -> Tensor:
+        r = weights.shape[0] // 3
+        return self._reverse_hf_permute(weights[r * n_part:r * n_part + r, ...], n_head, n_head_kv)
+
+    def _reverse_hf_part(self, weights: Tensor, n_part: int) -> Tensor:
+        r = weights.shape[0] // 3
+        return weights[r * n_part:r * n_part + r, ...]
+
+
+@Model.register("XverseForCausalLM")
+class XverseModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.XVERSE
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        assert (self.dir_model / "tokenizer.json").is_file()
+        dir_model = self.dir_model
+        hparams = self.hparams
+
+        tokens: list[bytearray] = []
+        toktypes: list[int] = []
+
+        from transformers import AutoTokenizer
+        tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(dir_model)
+        vocab_size = hparams.get("vocab_size", len(tokenizer.vocab))
+        assert max(tokenizer.vocab.values()) < vocab_size
+
+        reverse_vocab = {id_: encoded_tok for encoded_tok, id_ in tokenizer.vocab.items()}
+        added_vocab = tokenizer.get_added_vocab()
+
+        for token_id in range(vocab_size):
+            token_text = reverse_vocab[token_id].encode('utf-8')
+            # replace "\x00" to string with length > 0
+            if token_text == b"\x00":
+                toktype = gguf.TokenType.BYTE  # special
+                token_text = f"<{token_text}>".encode('utf-8')
+            elif re.fullmatch(br"<0x[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}>", token_text):
+                toktype = gguf.TokenType.BYTE  # special
+            elif reverse_vocab[token_id] in added_vocab:
+                if tokenizer.added_tokens_decoder[token_id].special:
+                    toktype = gguf.TokenType.CONTROL
+                else:
+                    toktype = gguf.TokenType.USER_DEFINED
+            else:
+                toktype = gguf.TokenType.NORMAL
+
+            tokens.append(token_text)
+            toktypes.append(toktype)
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("llama")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre("default")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
+
+        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(dir_model, n_vocab=len(tokens))
+        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
+        head_count = self.hparams["num_attention_heads"]
+        head_count_kv = self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads", head_count)
+        hf_repo = self.hparams.get("_name_or_path", "")
+
+        ctx_length = 0
+        if "max_sequence_length" in self.hparams:
+            ctx_length = self.hparams["max_sequence_length"]
+        elif "max_position_embeddings" in self.hparams:
+            ctx_length = self.hparams["max_position_embeddings"]
+        elif "model_max_length" in self.hparams:
+            ctx_length = self.hparams["model_max_length"]
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("gguf: can not find ctx length parameter.")
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_source_hf_repo(hf_repo)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tensor_data_layout("Meta AI original pth")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(ctx_length)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["hidden_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(self.hparams["intermediate_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(self.hparams["hidden_size"] // self.hparams["num_attention_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(head_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(head_count_kv)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(self.hparams["rms_norm_eps"])
+
+        if self.hparams.get("rope_scaling") is not None and "factor" in self.hparams["rope_scaling"]:
+            if self.hparams["rope_scaling"].get("type") == "linear":
+                self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_type(gguf.RopeScalingType.LINEAR)
+                self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_factor(self.hparams["rope_scaling"]["factor"])
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        # Collect tensors from generator object
+        model_kv = dict(self.get_tensors())
+        block_count = self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
+        head_count = self.hparams["num_attention_heads"]
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+        head_count_kv = self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads", head_count)
+
+        for name, data_torch in model_kv.items():
+            # we don't need these
+            if name.endswith(".rotary_emb.inv_freq"):
+                continue
+
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            # HF models permute some of the tensors, so we need to undo that
+            if name.endswith(("q_proj.weight")):
+                data_torch = self._reverse_hf_permute(data_torch, head_count, head_count)
+            if name.endswith(("k_proj.weight")):
+                data_torch = self._reverse_hf_permute(data_torch, head_count, head_count_kv)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.info(f"{name} -> {new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+    def _reverse_hf_permute(self, weights: Tensor, n_head: int, n_kv_head: int | None = None) -> Tensor:
+        if n_kv_head is not None and n_head != n_kv_head:
+            n_head //= n_kv_head
+
+        return (
+            weights.reshape(n_head, 2, weights.shape[0] // n_head // 2, *weights.shape[1:])
+            .swapaxes(1, 2)
+            .reshape(weights.shape)
+        )
+
+
+@Model.register("FalconForCausalLM", "RWForCausalLM")
+class FalconModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.FALCON
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers")
+        if block_count is None:
+            block_count = self.hparams["n_layer"]  # old name
+
+        n_head = self.hparams.get("num_attention_heads")
+        if n_head is None:
+            n_head = self.hparams["n_head"]  # old name
+
+        n_head_kv = self.hparams.get("num_kv_heads")
+        if n_head_kv is None:
+            n_head_kv = self.hparams.get("n_head_kv", 1)  # old name
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name("Falcon")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(2048)  # not in config.json
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tensor_data_layout("jploski")  # qkv tensor transform
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["hidden_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(4 * self.hparams["hidden_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(n_head)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(n_head_kv)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(self.hparams["layer_norm_epsilon"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers")
+        if block_count is None:
+            block_count = self.hparams["n_layer"]  # old name
+
+        n_head = self.hparams.get("num_attention_heads")
+        if n_head is None:
+            n_head = self.hparams["n_head"]  # old name
+
+        n_head_kv = self.hparams.get("num_kv_heads")
+        if n_head_kv is None:
+            n_head_kv = self.hparams.get("n_head_kv", 1)  # old name
+
+        head_dim = self.hparams["hidden_size"] // n_head
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+
+        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            # QKV tensor transform
+            # The original query_key_value tensor contains n_head_kv "kv groups",
+            # each consisting of n_head/n_head_kv query weights followed by one key
+            # and one value weight (shared by all query heads in the kv group).
+            # This layout makes it a big pain to work with in GGML.
+            # So we rearrange them here,, so that we have n_head query weights
+            # followed by n_head_kv key weights followed by n_head_kv value weights,
+            # in contiguous fashion.
+            # ref: https://github.com/jploski/ggml/blob/falcon40b/examples/falcon/convert-hf-to-ggml.py
+
+            if "query_key_value" in name:
+                qkv = data_torch.view(n_head_kv, n_head // n_head_kv + 2, head_dim, head_dim * n_head)
+                q = qkv[:, :-2].reshape(n_head * head_dim, head_dim * n_head)
+                k = qkv[:, [-2]].reshape(n_head_kv * head_dim, head_dim * n_head)
+                v = qkv[:, [-1]].reshape(n_head_kv * head_dim, head_dim * n_head)
+                data_torch = torch.cat((q, k, v)).reshape_as(data_torch)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.info(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+
+@Model.register("GPTBigCodeForCausalLM")
+class StarCoderModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.STARCODER
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams["n_layer"]
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name("StarCoder")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["n_positions"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["n_embd"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(4 * self.hparams["n_embd"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(self.hparams["n_head"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(1)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(self.hparams["layer_norm_epsilon"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+
+
+@Model.register("GPTRefactForCausalLM")
+class RefactModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.REFACT
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        hidden_dim = self.hparams["n_embd"]
+        inner_dim = 4 * hidden_dim
+        hidden_dim = int(2 * inner_dim / 3)
+        multiple_of = 256
+        ff_dim = multiple_of * ((hidden_dim + multiple_of - 1) // multiple_of)
+
+        block_count = self.hparams["n_layer"]
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name("Refact")
+        # refact uses Alibi. So this is from config.json which might be used by training.
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["n_positions"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["n_embd"])
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(ff_dim)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(self.hparams["n_head"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(1)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(self.hparams["layer_norm_epsilon"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        hidden_dim = self.hparams["n_embd"]
+        inner_dim = 4 * hidden_dim
+        hidden_dim = int(2 * inner_dim / 3)
+        multiple_of = 256
+        ff_dim = multiple_of * ((hidden_dim + multiple_of - 1) // multiple_of)
+        n_head = self.hparams["n_head"]
+        n_head_kv = 1
+        head_dim = self.hparams["n_embd"] // n_head
+        block_count = self.hparams["n_layer"]
+
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+
+        tensors = dict(self.get_tensors())
+        for i in range(block_count):
+            if (w := tensors.get(f"transformer.h.{i}.attn.kv.weight")) is not None:
+                tensors[f"model.layers.{i}.self_attn.k_proj.weight"] = w[:n_head_kv * head_dim]
+                tensors[f"model.layers.{i}.self_attn.v_proj.weight"] = w[n_head_kv * head_dim:]
+                del tensors[f"transformer.h.{i}.attn.kv.weight"]
+            if (w := tensors.get(f"transformer.h.{i}.attn.q.weight")) is not None:
+                tensors[f"model.layers.{i}.self_attn.q_proj.weight"] = w
+                del tensors[f"transformer.h.{i}.attn.q.weight"]
+            if (w := tensors.get(f"transformer.h.{i}.mlp.gate_up_proj.weight")) is not None:
+                tensors[f"model.layers.{i}.mlp.gate_proj.weight"] = w[:ff_dim]
+                tensors[f"model.layers.{i}.mlp.up_proj.weight"] = w[ff_dim:]
+                del tensors[f"transformer.h.{i}.mlp.gate_up_proj.weight"]
+
+        for name, data_torch in tensors.items():
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight",))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.info(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+
+@Model.register("PersimmonForCausalLM")
+class PersimmonModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.PERSIMMON
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams.get("num_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers"))
+        head_count = self.hparams["num_attention_heads"]
+        head_count_kv = head_count
+        hidden_size = self.hparams["hidden_size"]
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name('persimmon-8b-chat')
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["max_position_embeddings"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(hidden_size)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(self.hparams["intermediate_size"])
+
+        # NOTE: not sure about this change - why does the model not have a rope dimension count when it is smaller
+        #       than the head size?
+        #       ref: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4889
+        # self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(hidden_size // head_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(hidden_size // head_count // 2)
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(head_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(head_count_kv)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_freq_base(self.hparams["rope_theta"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(self.hparams["layer_norm_eps"])
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
+        # self.gguf_writer.add_bos_token_id(71013)
+        # self.gguf_writer.add_eos_token_id(71013)
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams.get("num_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers"))
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+
+        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
+            if name.endswith(".self_attention.rotary_emb.inv_freq"):
+                continue
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+            # TODO: FP16 conversion produces garbage outputs. (Q8_0 does not, so..?)
+            data = data_torch.to(torch.float32).squeeze().numpy()
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            logger.info(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+
+@Model.register("StableLmForCausalLM", "StableLMEpochForCausalLM", "LlavaStableLMEpochForCausalLM")
+class StableLMModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.STABLELM
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        if (self.dir_model / "tokenizer.json").is_file():
+            self._set_vocab_gpt2()
+        else:
+            # StableLM 2 1.6B uses a vocab in a similar format to Qwen's vocab
+            self._set_vocab_qwen()
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        hparams = self.hparams
+        block_count = hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(hparams["max_position_embeddings"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(hparams["hidden_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(hparams["intermediate_size"])
+        rotary_factor = self.find_hparam(["partial_rotary_factor", "rope_pct"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(int(rotary_factor * (hparams["hidden_size"] // hparams["num_attention_heads"])))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(hparams["num_attention_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(hparams["num_key_value_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_parallel_residual(hparams["use_parallel_residual"] if "use_parallel_residual" in hparams else True)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(self.find_hparam(["layer_norm_eps", "norm_eps"]))
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams.get("n_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers", self.hparams.get("n_layer")))
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+        n_head = self.hparams.get("num_attention_heads")
+        n_kv_head = self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads")
+        q_norms = dict()
+        k_norms = dict()
+        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
+            # we don't need these
+            if name.endswith((".attention.masked_bias", ".attention.bias", ".attention.rotary_emb.inv_freq")):
+                continue
+
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            if name.find("q_layernorm.norms") != -1:
+                q_norms[name] = data
+                if len(q_norms) >= (block_count * n_head):
+                    self._stack_qk_norm(block_count, name, tensor_map, n_head, q_norms, n_dims, layer_name="q_layernorm")
+                continue
+            if name.find("k_layernorm.norms") != -1:
+                k_norms[name] = data
+                if len(k_norms) >= (block_count * n_kv_head):
+                    self._stack_qk_norm(block_count, name, tensor_map, n_kv_head, k_norms, n_dims, layer_name="k_layernorm")
+                continue
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and (n_dims == 1 or new_name.endswith("_norm.weight")):
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and not new_name.endswith("_norm.weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.debug(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+    def _stack_qk_norm(self, block_count, name, tensor_map, n_head, norms, n_dims, layer_name="q_layernorm"):
+        for bid in range(block_count):
+            datas = []
+            for xid in range(n_head):
+                ename = f"model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.{layer_name}.norms.{xid}.weight"
+                datas.append(norms[ename])
+                del norms[ename]
+            data = np.stack(datas, axis=0)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+            merged_name = f"model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.{layer_name}.weight"
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(merged_name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and (n_dims == 1 or new_name.endswith("_norm.weight")):
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and not new_name.endswith("_norm.weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.debug(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {len(data.shape)}, shape = {data.shape} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+
+@Model.register("LlamaForCausalLM", "MistralForCausalLM", "MixtralForCausalLM")
+class LlamaModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.LLAMA
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        try:
+            self. _set_vocab_sentencepiece()
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            try:
+                self._set_vocab_llama_hf()
+            except (FileNotFoundError, TypeError):
+                # Llama 3
+                self._set_vocab_gpt2()
+
+        # Apply to CodeLlama only (and ignore for Llama 3 with a vocab size of 128256)
+        if self.hparams.get("vocab_size", 32000) == 32016:
+            special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(
+                self.dir_model, load_merges=False,
+                special_token_types = ['prefix', 'suffix', 'middle', 'eot']
+            )
+            special_vocab._set_special_token("prefix", 32007)
+            special_vocab._set_special_token("suffix", 32008)
+            special_vocab._set_special_token("middle", 32009)
+            special_vocab._set_special_token("eot",    32010)
+            special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        hparams = self.hparams
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vocab_size(hparams["vocab_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(hparams["hidden_size"] // hparams["num_attention_heads"])
+
+        if self.hparams.get("rope_scaling") is not None and "factor" in self.hparams["rope_scaling"]:
+            if self.hparams["rope_scaling"].get("type") == "linear":
+                self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_type(gguf.RopeScalingType.LINEAR)
+                self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_factor(self.hparams["rope_scaling"]["factor"])
+
+    # Same as super class, but permuting q_proj, k_proj
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams.get("n_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers", self.hparams.get("n_layer")))
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+        n_head = self.hparams.get("num_attention_heads")
+        n_kv_head = self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads")
+        n_experts = self.hparams.get("num_local_experts")
+        experts = dict()
+        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
+            # we don't need these
+            if name.endswith((".attention.masked_bias", ".attention.bias", ".rotary_emb.inv_freq")):
+                continue
+
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            data = data_torch.numpy()
+
+            if name.endswith("q_proj.weight"):
+                data = permute(data, n_head, n_head)
+            if name.endswith("k_proj.weight"):
+                data = permute(data, n_head, n_kv_head)
+
+            data = data.squeeze()
+
+            # process the experts separately
+            if name.find("block_sparse_moe.experts") != -1:
+                experts[name] = data
+                if len(experts) >= n_experts:
+                    # merge the experts into a single 3d tensor
+                    for bid in range(block_count):
+                        for wid in range(1, 4):
+                            full = True
+                            for xid in range(n_experts):
+                                ename = f"model.layers.{bid}.block_sparse_moe.experts.{xid}.w{wid}.weight"
+                                if ename not in experts:
+                                    full = False
+                                    break
+                            if not full:
+                                continue
+
+                            datas = []
+                            for xid in range(n_experts):
+                                ename = f"model.layers.{bid}.block_sparse_moe.experts.{xid}.w{wid}.weight"
+                                datas.append(experts[ename])
+                                del experts[ename]
+
+                            data = np.stack(datas, axis=0)
+                            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+                            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+                            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32:
+                                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+                            merged_name = f"layers.{bid}.feed_forward.experts.w{wid}.weight"
+
+                            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(merged_name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+                            if new_name is None:
+                                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+                            logger.info(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {len(data.shape)}, shape = {data.shape} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+                            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+                continue
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # 1d tensors need to be converted to float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.info(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+        if len(experts) > 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unprocessed experts: {experts.keys()}")
+
+
+@Model.register("GrokForCausalLM")
+class GrokModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.GROK
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name("Grok")
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams.get("n_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers", self.hparams.get("n_layer")))
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+        n_experts = self.hparams.get("num_local_experts")
+        experts = dict()
+        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
+            # we don't need these
+            if name.endswith((".attention.masked_bias", ".attention.bias", ".attention.rotary_emb.inv_freq")):
+                continue
+
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            # process the experts separately
+            if name.find(".moe.") != -1:
+                experts[name] = data
+                if len(experts) >= n_experts:
+                    # merge the experts into a single 3d tensor
+                    for bid in range(block_count):
+                        for wid in ["linear", "linear_1", "linear_v"]:
+                            full = True
+                            for xid in range(n_experts):
+                                ename = f"transformer.decoder_layer.{bid}.moe.{xid}.{wid}.weight"
+                                if ename not in experts:
+                                    full = False
+                                    break
+                            if not full:
+                                continue
+
+                            datas = []
+                            for xid in range(n_experts):
+                                ename = f"transformer.decoder_layer.{bid}.moe.{xid}.{wid}.weight"
+                                datas.append(experts[ename])
+                                del experts[ename]
+
+                            data = np.stack(datas, axis=0)
+                            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+                            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+                            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32:
+                                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+                            merged_name = f"transformer.decoder_layer.{bid}.moe.{wid}.weight"
+
+                            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(merged_name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+                            if new_name is None:
+                                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+                            logger.info(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {len(data.shape)}, shape = {data.shape} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+                            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+                continue
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.info(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+
+@Model.register("DbrxForCausalLM")
+class DbrxModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.DBRX
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        ffn_config = self.hparams["ffn_config"]
+        attn_config = self.hparams["attn_config"]
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.hparams["model_type"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.hparams["n_layers"])
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["max_seq_len"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["d_model"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(ffn_config["ffn_hidden_size"])
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(self.hparams["n_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(attn_config["kv_n_heads"])
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_freq_base(attn_config["rope_theta"])
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_clamp_kqv(attn_config["clip_qkv"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_expert_count(ffn_config["moe_num_experts"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_expert_used_count(ffn_config["moe_top_k"])
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(1e-5)
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+        logger.info(f"gguf: file type = {self.ftype}")
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams.get("n_layers")
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
+            n_expert = self.hparams["ffn_config"]["moe_num_experts"]
+            n_ff = self.hparams["ffn_config"]["ffn_hidden_size"]
+            n_embd = self.hparams["d_model"]
+
+            # Specific behavior for experts tensors: suffix .weight, view as 3D and transpose
+            # original implementation expects (n_expert, n_ff, n_embd) for all experts weights
+            # But llama.cpp moe graph works differently
+            # AND the dimensions in ggml are typically in the reverse order of the pytorch dimensions
+            # so (n_expert, n_ff, n_embd) in pytorch is {n_embd, n_ff, n_expert} in ggml_tensor
+            exp_tensor_names = {"ffn.experts.mlp.w1": None,       # LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS ggml_tensor->ne{n_embd, n_ff,   n_expert}
+                                "ffn.experts.mlp.w2": (0, 2, 1),  # LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS ggml_tensor->ne{n_ff,   n_embd, n_expert}
+                                "ffn.experts.mlp.v1": None}       # LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS   ggml_tensor->ne{n_embd, n_ff,   n_expert}
+            experts = False
+            for exp_tensor_name in exp_tensor_names.keys():
+                if name.find(exp_tensor_name) != -1 and name.find(".weight") == -1:
+                    experts = True
+                    data_torch = data_torch.view(n_expert, n_ff, n_embd)
+                    if (permute_tensor := exp_tensor_names[exp_tensor_name]) is not None:
+                        data_torch = data_torch.permute(*permute_tensor)
+                    break
+
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            # map tensor names
+            # In MoE models the ffn tensors are typically most of the model weights,
+            # and need to be quantizable. Quantize expects tensor names to be suffixed by .weight.
+            # Every other model has the weight names ending in .weight,
+            # let's assume that is the convention which is not the case for dbrx:
+            # https://huggingface.co/databricks/dbrx-instruct/blob/main/model.safetensors.index.json#L15
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name if not experts else name + ".weight", try_suffixes=(".weight",))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # Most of the codebase that takes in 1D tensors only handles F32 tensors
+            # and most of the outputs tensors are F32.
+            if data_dtype != np.float32 and n_dims == 1:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}: all 1D tensors must be F32")
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and n_dims > 1:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.debug(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, shape = {data.shape}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+
+@Model.register("DbrxForCausalLM")
+class DbrxModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.DBRX
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        ffn_config = self.hparams["ffn_config"]
+        attn_config = self.hparams["attn_config"]
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.hparams["model_type"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.hparams["n_layers"])
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["max_seq_len"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["d_model"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(ffn_config["ffn_hidden_size"])
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(self.hparams["n_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(attn_config["kv_n_heads"])
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_freq_base(attn_config["rope_theta"])
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_clamp_kqv(attn_config["clip_qkv"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_expert_count(ffn_config["moe_num_experts"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_expert_used_count(ffn_config["moe_top_k"])
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(1e-5)
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+        print(f"gguf: file type = {self.ftype}")
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams.get("n_layers")
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
+            n_expert = self.hparams["ffn_config"]["moe_num_experts"]
+            n_ff = self.hparams["ffn_config"]["ffn_hidden_size"]
+            n_embd = self.hparams["d_model"]
+
+            # Specific behavior for experts tensors: suffix .weight, view as 3D and transpose
+            # original implementation expects (n_expert, n_ff, n_embd) for all experts weights
+            # But llama.cpp moe graph works differently
+            # AND the dimensions in ggml are typically in the reverse order of the pytorch dimensions
+            # so (n_expert, n_ff, n_embd) in pytorch is {n_embd, n_ff, n_expert} in ggml_tensor
+            exp_tensor_names = {"ffn.experts.mlp.w1": None,       # LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS ggml_tensor->ne{n_embd, n_ff,   n_expert}
+                                "ffn.experts.mlp.w2": (0, 2, 1),  # LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS ggml_tensor->ne{n_ff,   n_embd, n_expert}
+                                "ffn.experts.mlp.v1": None}       # LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS   ggml_tensor->ne{n_embd, n_ff,   n_expert}
+            experts = False
+            for exp_tensor_name in exp_tensor_names.keys():
+                if name.find(exp_tensor_name) != -1 and name.find(".weight") == -1:
+                    experts = True
+                    data_torch = data_torch.view(n_expert, n_ff, n_embd)
+                    if (permute_tensor := exp_tensor_names[exp_tensor_name]) is not None:
+                        data_torch = data_torch.permute(*permute_tensor)
+                    break
+
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            # map tensor names
+            # In MoE models the ffn tensors are typically most of the model weights,
+            # and need to be quantizable. Quantize expects tensor names to be suffixed by .weight.
+            # Every other model has the weight names ending in .weight,
+            # let's assume that is the convention which is not the case for dbrx:
+            # https://huggingface.co/databricks/dbrx-instruct/blob/main/model.safetensors.index.json#L15
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name if not experts else name + ".weight", try_suffixes=(".weight",))
+            if new_name is None:
+                print(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+                sys.exit()
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # Most of the codebase that takes in 1D tensors only handles F32 tensors
+            # and most of the outputs tensors are F32.
+            if data_dtype != np.float32 and n_dims == 1:
+                print(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}: all 1D tensors must be F32")
+                sys.exit()
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and n_dims > 1:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            print(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, shape = {data.shape}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+
+@Model.register("MiniCPMForCausalLM")
+class MiniCPMModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.MINICPM
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name("MiniCPM")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["max_position_embeddings"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["hidden_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(self.hparams["intermediate_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(self.hparams["hidden_size"] // self.hparams["num_attention_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(self.hparams["num_attention_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(self.hparams["num_key_value_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(self.hparams["rms_norm_eps"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        self._set_vocab_llama_hf()
+
+    def _reverse_hf_permute(self, weights: Tensor, n_head: int, n_kv_head: int | None = None) -> Tensor:
+        if n_kv_head is not None and n_head != n_kv_head:
+            n_head //= n_kv_head
+
+        return (
+            weights.reshape(n_head, 2, weights.shape[0] // n_head // 2, *weights.shape[1:])
+            .swapaxes(1, 2)
+            .reshape(weights.shape)
+        )
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams.get("n_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers", self.hparams.get("n_layer")))
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+        n_head = self.hparams.get("num_attention_heads")
+        n_kv_head = self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads")
+        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
+            # we don't need these
+            if name.endswith((".attention.masked_bias", ".attention.bias", ".attention.rotary_emb.inv_freq")):
+                continue
+
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            # HF models permute some of the tensors, so we need to undo that
+            if name.endswith(("q_proj.weight")):
+                data_torch = self._reverse_hf_permute(data_torch, n_head, n_head)
+            if name.endswith(("k_proj.weight")):
+                data_torch = self._reverse_hf_permute(data_torch, n_head, n_kv_head)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.info(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+
+@Model.register("QWenLMHeadModel")
+class QwenModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.QWEN
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def token_bytes_to_string(b):
+        from transformers.models.gpt2.tokenization_gpt2 import bytes_to_unicode
+        byte_encoder = bytes_to_unicode()
+        return ''.join([byte_encoder[ord(char)] for char in b.decode('latin-1')])
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def bpe(mergeable_ranks: dict[bytes, int], token: bytes, max_rank: int | None = None) -> list[bytes]:
+        parts = [bytes([b]) for b in token]
+        while True:
+            min_idx = None
+            min_rank = None
+            for i, pair in enumerate(zip(parts[:-1], parts[1:])):
+                rank = mergeable_ranks.get(pair[0] + pair[1])
+                if rank is not None and (min_rank is None or rank < min_rank):
+                    min_idx = i
+                    min_rank = rank
+            if min_rank is None or (max_rank is not None and min_rank >= max_rank):
+                break
+            assert min_idx is not None
+            parts = parts[:min_idx] + [parts[min_idx] + parts[min_idx + 1]] + parts[min_idx + 2:]
+        return parts
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        self._set_vocab_qwen()
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name("Qwen")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["max_position_embeddings"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["hidden_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(self.hparams["intermediate_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_freq_base(self.hparams["rotary_emb_base"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(self.hparams["hidden_size"] // self.hparams["num_attention_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(self.hparams["num_attention_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(self.hparams["layer_norm_epsilon"])
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
+        model_kv = dict(self.get_tensors())
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+        for name, data_torch in model_kv.items():
+            # we don't need these
+            if name.endswith(".rotary_emb.inv_freq"):
+                continue
+
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.info(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+
+@Model.register("Qwen2ForCausalLM")
+class Qwen2Model(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.QWEN2
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        try:
+            self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            self._set_vocab_gpt2()
+
+
+@Model.register("Qwen2MoeForCausalLM")
+class Qwen2MoeModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.QWEN2MOE
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        if (n_experts := self.hparams.get("num_experts")) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_expert_count(n_experts)
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams.get("n_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers", self.hparams.get("n_layer")))
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+        n_experts = self.hparams.get("num_experts")
+        experts = dict()
+        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
+            # we don't need these
+            if name.endswith((".attention.masked_bias", ".attention.bias", ".attention.rotary_emb.inv_freq")):
+                continue
+
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            # process the experts separately
+            if name.find("experts") != -1:
+                experts[name] = data
+                if len(experts) >= n_experts * 3:
+                    # merge the experts into a single 3d tensor
+                    for bid in range(block_count):
+                        for w_name in ["down_proj", "gate_proj", "up_proj"]:
+                            full = True
+                            for xid in range(n_experts):
+                                ename = f"model.layers.{bid}.mlp.experts.{xid}.{w_name}.weight"
+                                if ename not in experts:
+                                    full = False
+                                    break
+                            if not full:
+                                continue
+
+                            datas = []
+                            for xid in range(n_experts):
+                                ename = f"model.layers.{bid}.mlp.experts.{xid}.{w_name}.weight"
+                                datas.append(experts[ename])
+                                del experts[ename]
+
+                            data = np.stack(datas, axis=0)
+                            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+                            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+                            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32:
+                                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+                            merged_name = f"model.layers.{bid}.mlp.experts.{w_name}.weight"
+
+                            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(merged_name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+                            if new_name is None:
+                                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+                            logger.debug(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {len(data.shape)}, shape = {data.shape} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+                            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+                continue
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and (n_dims == 1 or new_name.endswith("_norm.weight")):
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.debug(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, shape = {data.shape}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+        if len(experts) > 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unprocessed experts: {experts.keys()}")
+
+
+@Model.register("Qwen2MoeForCausalLM")
+class Qwen2MoeModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.QWEN2MOE
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        if (n_experts := self.hparams.get("num_experts")) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_expert_count(n_experts)
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams.get("n_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers", self.hparams.get("n_layer")))
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+        n_experts = self.hparams.get("num_experts")
+        experts = dict()
+        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
+            # we don't need these
+            if name.endswith((".attention.masked_bias", ".attention.bias", ".attention.rotary_emb.inv_freq")):
+                continue
+
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            # process the experts separately
+            if name.find("experts") != -1:
+                experts[name] = data
+                if len(experts) >= n_experts * 3:
+                    # merge the experts into a single 3d tensor
+                    for bid in range(block_count):
+                        for w_name in ["down_proj", "gate_proj", "up_proj"]:
+                            full = True
+                            for xid in range(n_experts):
+                                ename = f"model.layers.{bid}.mlp.experts.{xid}.{w_name}.weight"
+                                if ename not in experts:
+                                    full = False
+                                    break
+                            if not full:
+                                continue
+
+                            datas = []
+                            for xid in range(n_experts):
+                                ename = f"model.layers.{bid}.mlp.experts.{xid}.{w_name}.weight"
+                                datas.append(experts[ename])
+                                del experts[ename]
+
+                            data = np.stack(datas, axis=0)
+                            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+                            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+                            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32:
+                                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+                            merged_name = f"model.layers.{bid}.mlp.experts.{w_name}.weight"
+
+                            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(merged_name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+                            if new_name is None:
+                                print(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+                                sys.exit()
+
+                            print(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {len(data.shape)}, shape = {data.shape} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+                            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+                continue
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                print(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+                sys.exit()
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and (n_dims == 1 or new_name.endswith("_norm.weight")):
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            print(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, shape = {data.shape}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+        if len(experts) > 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unprocessed experts: {experts.keys()}")
+
+
+@Model.register("GPT2LMHeadModel")
+class GPT2Model(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.GPT2
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.hparams["n_layer"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["n_ctx"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["n_embd"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(4 * self.hparams["n_embd"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(self.hparams["n_head"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(self.hparams["layer_norm_epsilon"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams.get("n_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers", self.hparams.get("n_layer")))
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+
+        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
+            # we don't need these
+            if name.endswith((".attention.masked_bias", ".attention.bias", ".attention.rotary_emb.inv_freq", ".attn.bias", ".attn.masked_bias")):
+                continue
+
+            if name.endswith((".c_attn.weight", ".c_proj.weight", ".c_fc.weight", ".c_proj.weight")):
+                data_torch = data_torch.transpose(1, 0)
+
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.info(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+            # note: GPT2 output is tied to (same as) wte in original model
+            if new_name == "token_embd.weight":
+                logger.info(f"output.weight, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+                self.gguf_writer.add_tensor("output.weight", data)
+
+
+@Model.register("PhiForCausalLM")
+class Phi2Model(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.PHI2
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        block_count = self.find_hparam(["num_hidden_layers", "n_layer"])
+
+        rot_pct = self.find_hparam(["partial_rotary_factor"])
+        n_embd = self.find_hparam(["hidden_size", "n_embd"])
+        n_head = self.find_hparam(["num_attention_heads", "n_head"])
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name("Phi2")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.find_hparam(["n_positions", "max_position_embeddings"]))
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(n_embd)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(4 * n_embd)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(n_head)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(n_head)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(self.find_hparam(["layer_norm_epsilon", "layer_norm_eps"]))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(int(rot_pct * n_embd) // n_head)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_add_bos_token(False)
+
+
+@Model.register("Phi3ForCausalLM")
+class Phi3MiniModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.PHI3
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        from sentencepiece import SentencePieceProcessor
+
+        tokenizer_path = self.dir_model / 'tokenizer.model'
+
+        if not tokenizer_path.is_file():
+            raise ValueError(f'Error: Missing {tokenizer_path}')
+
+        tokenizer = SentencePieceProcessor(str(tokenizer_path))
+
+        vocab_size = self.hparams.get('vocab_size', tokenizer.vocab_size())
+
+        tokens: list[bytes] = [f"[PAD{i}]".encode("utf-8") for i in range(vocab_size)]
+        scores: list[float] = [-10000.0] * vocab_size
+        toktypes: list[int] = [SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNKNOWN] * vocab_size
+
+        for token_id in range(tokenizer.vocab_size()):
+
+            piece = tokenizer.id_to_piece(token_id)
+            text = piece.encode("utf-8")
+            score = tokenizer.get_score(token_id)
+
+            toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.NORMAL
+            if tokenizer.is_unknown(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNKNOWN
+            elif tokenizer.is_control(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.CONTROL
+            elif tokenizer.is_unused(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED
+            elif tokenizer.is_byte(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.BYTE
+
+            tokens[token_id] = text
+            scores[token_id] = score
+            toktypes[token_id] = toktype
+
+        added_tokens_file = self.dir_model / 'added_tokens.json'
+        if added_tokens_file.is_file():
+            with open(added_tokens_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                added_tokens_json = json.load(f)
+
+                for key in added_tokens_json:
+                    token_id = added_tokens_json[key]
+                    if (token_id >= vocab_size):
+                        logger.debug(f'ignore token {token_id}: id is out of range, max={vocab_size - 1}')
+                        continue
+
+                    tokens[token_id] = key.encode("utf-8")
+                    scores[token_id] = -1000.0
+                    toktypes[token_id] = SentencePieceTokenTypes.USER_DEFINED
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("llama")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre("default")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_scores(scores)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
+
+        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, n_vocab=len(tokens))
+        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        block_count = self.find_hparam(["num_hidden_layers", "n_layer"])
+
+        rot_pct = 1.0
+        n_embd = self.find_hparam(["hidden_size", "n_embd"])
+        n_head = self.find_hparam(["num_attention_heads", "n_head"])
+        rms_eps = self.find_hparam(["rms_norm_eps"])
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name("Phi3")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.find_hparam(["n_positions", "max_position_embeddings"]))
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(n_embd)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(8192)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(n_head)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(n_head)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(rms_eps)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(int(rot_pct * n_embd) // n_head)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+
+
+@Model.register("PlamoForCausalLM")
+class PlamoModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.PLAMO
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        hparams = self.hparams
+        block_count = hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name("PLaMo")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(4096)  # not in config.json
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(hparams["hidden_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(hparams["intermediate_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(hparams["num_attention_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(5)  # hparams["num_key_value_heads"]) is wrong
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(hparams["rms_norm_eps"])
+
+    def shuffle_attn_q_weight(self, data_torch):
+        assert data_torch.size() == (5120, 5120)
+        data_torch = data_torch.reshape(8, 5, 128, 5120)
+        data_torch = torch.permute(data_torch, (1, 0, 2, 3))
+        data_torch = torch.reshape(data_torch, (5120, 5120))
+        return data_torch
+
+    def shuffle_attn_output_weight(self, data_torch):
+        assert data_torch.size() == (5120, 5120)
+        data_torch = data_torch.reshape(5120, 8, 5, 128)
+        data_torch = torch.permute(data_torch, (0, 2, 1, 3))
+        data_torch = torch.reshape(data_torch, (5120, 5120))
+        return data_torch
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams.get("num_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers"))
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+
+        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
+            if "self_attn.rotary_emb.inv_freq" in name:
+                continue
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            # shuffle for broadcasting of gqa in ggml_mul_mat
+            if new_name.endswith("attn_q.weight"):
+                data_torch = self.shuffle_attn_q_weight(data_torch)
+            elif new_name.endswith("attn_output.weight"):
+                data_torch = self.shuffle_attn_output_weight(data_torch)
+
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.info(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+
+@Model.register("CodeShellForCausalLM")
+class CodeShellModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.CODESHELL
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams["n_layer"]
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name("CodeShell")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["n_positions"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["n_embd"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(4 * self.hparams["n_embd"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(self.hparams["n_head"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(self.hparams["num_query_groups"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(self.hparams["layer_norm_epsilon"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_freq_base(10000.0)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_type(gguf.RopeScalingType.LINEAR)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_factor(1.0)
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams.get("n_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers", self.hparams.get("n_layer")))
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+        tensors = dict(self.get_tensors())
+        has_lm_head = "lm_head.weight" in tensors.keys() or "output.weight" in tensors.keys()
+        for name, data_torch in tensors.items():
+            # we don't need these
+            if name.endswith((".attn.rotary_emb.inv_freq")):
+                continue
+
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.info(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+            if not has_lm_head and name == "transformer.wte.weight":
+                self.gguf_writer.add_tensor("output.weight", data)
+                logger.info(name, f"=> output.weight, shape = {data.shape}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+
+@Model.register("InternLM2ForCausalLM")
+class InternLM2Model(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.INTERNLM2
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        # (TODO): Is there a better way?
+        # Copy from _set_vocab_sentencepiece, The only difference is that we will treat the character
+        # \x00 specially and convert it into an emoji character to prevent it from being mistakenly
+        # recognized as an empty string in C++.
+        from sentencepiece import SentencePieceProcessor
+        from sentencepiece import sentencepiece_model_pb2 as model
+
+        tokenizer_path = self.dir_model / 'tokenizer.model'
+
+        tokens: list[bytes] = []
+        scores: list[float] = []
+        toktypes: list[int] = []
+
+        if not tokenizer_path.is_file():
+            logger.error(f'Error: Missing {tokenizer_path}')
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        sentencepiece_model = model.ModelProto()
+        sentencepiece_model.ParseFromString(open(tokenizer_path, "rb").read())
+        add_prefix = sentencepiece_model.normalizer_spec.add_dummy_prefix
+
+        tokenizer = SentencePieceProcessor(str(tokenizer_path))
+        vocab_size = self.hparams.get('vocab_size', tokenizer.vocab_size())
+
+        for token_id in range(vocab_size):
+            piece = tokenizer.id_to_piece(token_id)
+            text = piece.encode("utf-8")
+            score = tokenizer.get_score(token_id)
+            if text == b"\x00":
+                # (TODO): fixme
+                # Hack here and replace the \x00 characters.
+                logger.debug(f"InternLM2 convert token '{text}' to '🐉'!")
+                text = "🐉"
+
+            toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.NORMAL
+            if tokenizer.is_unknown(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNKNOWN
+            elif tokenizer.is_control(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.CONTROL
+            elif tokenizer.is_unused(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED
+            elif tokenizer.is_byte(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.BYTE
+
+            tokens.append(text)
+            scores.append(score)
+            toktypes.append(toktype)
+
+        added_tokens_file = self.dir_model / 'added_tokens.json'
+        if added_tokens_file.is_file():
+            with open(added_tokens_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                added_tokens_json = json.load(f)
+
+                for key in added_tokens_json:
+                    tokens.append(key.encode("utf-8"))
+                    scores.append(-1000.0)
+                    toktypes.append(SentencePieceTokenTypes.USER_DEFINED)
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("llama")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre("default")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_scores(scores)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_add_space_prefix(add_prefix)
+
+        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, n_vocab=len(tokens))
+        old_eos = special_vocab.special_token_ids["eos"]
+        if "chat" in os.path.basename(self.dir_model.absolute()):
+            # For the chat model, we replace the eos with '<|im_end|>'.
+            # TODO: this is a hack, should be fixed
+            #       https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/6745#issuecomment-2067687048
+            special_vocab.special_token_ids["eos"] = self._try_get_sft_eos(tokenizer)
+            logger.warning(f"Replace eos:{old_eos} with a special token:{special_vocab.special_token_ids['eos']} \
+in chat mode so that the conversation can end normally.")
+
+        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
+
+    def _try_get_sft_eos(self, tokenizer):
+        unused_145_list = tokenizer.encode('[UNUSED_TOKEN_145]')
+        im_end_list = tokenizer.encode('<|im_end|>')
+        assert (len(unused_145_list) == 1) ^ (len(im_end_list) == 1)
+        if len(unused_145_list) == 1:
+            eos_token = unused_145_list[0]
+        if len(im_end_list) == 1:
+            eos_token = im_end_list[0]
+        return eos_token
+
+    def _hf_permute_qk(self, weights, n_head: int, n_head_kv: int):
+        if n_head_kv is not None and n_head != n_head_kv:
+            n_head = n_head_kv
+        return (weights.reshape(n_head, 2, weights.shape[0] // n_head // 2, *weights.shape[1:])
+                .swapaxes(1, 2)
+                .reshape(weights.shape))
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name("InternLM2")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["max_position_embeddings"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["hidden_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(self.hparams["intermediate_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_freq_base(self.hparams["rope_theta"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(self.hparams["num_attention_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(self.hparams["rms_norm_eps"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(self.hparams["num_key_value_heads"])
+
+    def post_write_tensors(self, tensor_map, name, data_torch):
+        old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+        # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+        if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+            data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+        data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+        # map tensor names
+        new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+        if new_name is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+        n_dims = len(data.shape)
+        data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+        # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+        if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+            data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+        # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
+        if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
+            data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+        # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+        if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
+            data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+        logger.info(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        from einops import rearrange
+
+        num_heads = self.hparams.get("num_attention_heads")
+        num_kv_heads = self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads")
+        hidden_size = self.hparams.get("hidden_size")
+        q_per_kv = num_heads // num_kv_heads
+        head_dim = hidden_size // num_heads
+        num_groups = num_heads // q_per_kv
+
+        block_count = self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
+        model_kv = dict(self.get_tensors())
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+        qkv_pattern = r"model\.layers\.(\d+)\.attention\.wqkv"
+        for name, data_torch in model_kv.items():
+            # we don't need these
+            if name.endswith(".rotary_emb.inv_freq"):
+                continue
+
+            if re.match(qkv_pattern, name):
+                bid = re.findall(qkv_pattern, name)[0]
+                qkv = data_torch
+                qkv = rearrange(qkv.T, " o (g n i) ->o g n i", g=num_groups, n=q_per_kv + 2, i=head_dim)
+                q, k, v = qkv[..., : q_per_kv, :], qkv[..., q_per_kv: q_per_kv + 1, :], qkv[..., q_per_kv + 1: q_per_kv + 2, :]
+                # The model weights of q and k equire additional reshape.
+                q = self._hf_permute_qk(rearrange(q, " o g n i ->  o (g n i)").T, num_heads, num_heads)
+                k = self._hf_permute_qk(rearrange(k, " o g n i ->  o (g n i)").T, num_heads, num_kv_heads)
+                v = rearrange(v, " o g n i ->  o (g n i)").T
+                self.post_write_tensors(tensor_map, f"model.layers.{bid}.attention.wq.weight", q)
+                self.post_write_tensors(tensor_map, f"model.layers.{bid}.attention.wk.weight", k)
+                self.post_write_tensors(tensor_map, f"model.layers.{bid}.attention.wv.weight", v)
+            else:
+                self.post_write_tensors(tensor_map, name, data_torch)
+
+
+@Model.register("BertModel", "CamembertModel")
+class BertModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.BERT
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.vocab_size = None
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        self.gguf_writer.add_causal_attention(False)
+
+        # get pooling path
+        pooling_path = None
+        module_path = self.dir_model / "modules.json"
+        if module_path.is_file():
+            with open(module_path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                modules = json.load(f)
+            for mod in modules:
+                if mod["type"] == "sentence_transformers.models.Pooling":
+                    pooling_path = mod["path"]
+                    break
+
+        # get pooling type
+        if pooling_path is not None:
+            with open(self.dir_model / pooling_path / "config.json", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                pooling = json.load(f)
+            if pooling["pooling_mode_mean_tokens"]:
+                pooling_type = gguf.PoolingType.MEAN
+            elif pooling["pooling_mode_cls_token"]:
+                pooling_type = gguf.PoolingType.CLS
+            else:
+                raise NotImplementedError("Only MEAN and CLS pooling types supported")
+            self.gguf_writer.add_pooling_type(pooling_type)
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        tokens, toktypes, tokpre = self.get_vocab_base()
+        self.vocab_size = len(tokens)
+
+        # we need this to validate the size of the token_type embeddings
+        # though currently we are passing all zeros to the token_type embeddings
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_type_count(2)  # "Sequence A" or "Sequence B"
+
+        # convert to phantom space vocab
+        def phantom(tok):
+            if tok.startswith("[") and tok.endswith("]"):
+                return tok
+            if tok.startswith("##"):
+                return tok[2:]
+            return "\u2581" + tok
+        tokens = list(map(phantom, tokens))
+
+        # add vocab to gguf
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("bert")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre(tokpre)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
+
+        # handle special tokens
+        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, n_vocab=len(tokens))
+        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, self.block_count)
+        tensors = dict(self.get_tensors())
+        for name, data_torch in tensors.items():
+            # we are only using BERT for embeddings so we don't need the pooling layer
+            if name in ("embeddings.position_ids", "pooler.dense.weight", "pooler.dense.bias"):
+                continue  # we don't need these
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            new_dtype: type[np.floating[Any]]
+
+            if (
+                self.ftype == 1 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2
+                and name != "embeddings.token_type_embeddings.weight"  # not used with get_rows, must be F32
+            ):
+                # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+                new_dtype = np.float16
+            else:
+                # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+                new_dtype = np.float32
+
+            logger.info(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {data_torch.dtype} --> {new_dtype}")
+
+            if data.dtype != new_dtype:
+                data = data.astype(new_dtype)
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+
+@Model.register("NomicBertModel")
+class NomicBertModel(BertModel):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.NOMIC_BERT
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # the HF config claims n_ctx=8192, but it uses RoPE scaling
+        self.hparams["n_ctx"] = 2048
+
+        # SwigLU activation
+        assert self.hparams["activation_function"] == "swiglu"
+        # this doesn't do anything in the HF version
+        assert self.hparams["causal"] is False
+        # no bias tensors
+        assert self.hparams["qkv_proj_bias"] is False
+        assert self.hparams["mlp_fc1_bias"] is False
+        assert self.hparams["mlp_fc2_bias"] is False
+        # norm at end of layer
+        assert self.hparams["prenorm"] is False
+        # standard RoPE
+        assert self.hparams["rotary_emb_fraction"] == 1.0
+        assert self.hparams["rotary_emb_interleaved"] is False
+        assert self.hparams["rotary_emb_scale_base"] is None
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_freq_base(self.hparams["rotary_emb_base"])
+
+
+@Model.register("GemmaForCausalLM")
+class GemmaModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.GEMMA
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
+
+        # TODO: these special tokens should be exported only for the CodeGemma family
+        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, load_merges=False,
+                                          special_token_types = ['prefix', 'suffix', 'middle', 'fsep', 'eot'])
+        special_vocab._set_special_token("prefix", 67)
+        special_vocab._set_special_token("suffix", 69)
+        special_vocab._set_special_token("middle", 68)
+        special_vocab._set_special_token("fsep",   70)
+        special_vocab._set_special_token("eot",    107)
+        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        hparams = self.hparams
+        block_count = hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(hparams["max_position_embeddings"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(hparams["hidden_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(hparams["intermediate_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(hparams["num_attention_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(self.hparams["num_key_value_heads"] if "num_key_value_heads" in hparams else hparams["num_attention_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(self.hparams["rms_norm_eps"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_key_length(hparams["head_dim"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_value_length(hparams["head_dim"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams.get("n_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers", self.hparams.get("n_layer")))
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+
+        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
+            # lm_head is not used in llama.cpp, while autoawq will include this tensor in model
+            # To prevent errors, skip loading lm_head.weight.
+            if name == "lm_head.weight":
+                logger.debug(f"Skipping get tensor {name!r} in safetensors so that convert can end normally.")
+                continue
+
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            # ref: https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/fc37f38915372c15992b540dfcbbe00a916d4fc6/src/transformers/models/gemma/modeling_gemma.py#L89
+            if name.endswith("norm.weight"):
+                data_torch = data_torch + 1
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.info(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+
+@Model.register("Starcoder2ForCausalLM")
+class StarCoder2Model(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.STARCODER2
+
+
+@Model.register("MambaForCausalLM", "MambaLMHeadModel")
+class MambaModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.MAMBA
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        vocab_size = self.hparams["vocab_size"]
+        # Round vocab size to next multiple of 8
+        pad_vocab = self.hparams.get("pad_vocab_size_multiple", 8)
+        # pad using ceiling division
+        # ref: https://stackoverflow.com/a/17511341/22827863
+        vocab_size = -(vocab_size // -pad_vocab) * pad_vocab
+        self.hparams["vocab_size"] = vocab_size
+
+        if (self.dir_model / "tokenizer.json").is_file():
+            self._set_vocab_gpt2()
+        else:
+            # Use the GPT-NeoX tokenizer when no tokenizer files are present
+            tokenizer_path = Path(sys.path[0]) / "models" / "ggml-vocab-gpt-neox.gguf"
+            logger.warning(f"Using tokenizer from '{os.path.relpath(tokenizer_path, os.getcwd())}'")
+            neox_reader = gguf.GGUFReader(tokenizer_path, "r")
+
+            field = neox_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.MODEL)
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model(bytes(field.parts[-1]))
+
+            field = neox_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.PRE)
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre(bytes(field.parts[-1]))
+
+            field = neox_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.LIST)
+            self.gguf_writer.add_token_list([bytes(field.parts[i]) for i in field.data][:vocab_size])
+
+            field = neox_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.TOKEN_TYPE)
+            self.gguf_writer.add_token_types([field.parts[i].tolist()[0] for i in field.data][:vocab_size])
+
+            field = neox_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.MERGES)
+            self.gguf_writer.add_token_merges([bytes(field.parts[i]) for i in field.data])
+
+            field = neox_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.BOS_ID)
+            self.gguf_writer.add_bos_token_id(field.parts[-1].tolist()[0])
+
+            field = neox_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.EOS_ID)
+            self.gguf_writer.add_eos_token_id(field.parts[-1].tolist()[0])
+
+            field = neox_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.UNK_ID)
+            self.gguf_writer.add_unk_token_id(field.parts[-1].tolist()[0])
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        d_model = self.find_hparam(["hidden_size",       "d_model"])
+        d_conv  = self.find_hparam(["conv_kernel",       "d_conv"],  optional=True) or 4
+        d_inner = self.find_hparam(["intermediate_size", "d_inner"], optional=True) or 2 * d_model
+        d_state = self.find_hparam(["state_size",        "d_state"], optional=True) or 16
+        # ceiling division
+        # ref: https://stackoverflow.com/a/17511341/22827863
+        # ref: https://github.com/state-spaces/mamba/blob/ce59daea3a090d011d6476c6e5b97f6d58ddad8b/mamba_ssm/modules/mamba_simple.py#L58
+        dt_rank      = self.find_hparam(["time_step_rank",     "dt_rank"],      optional=True) or -(d_model // -16)
+        rms_norm_eps = self.find_hparam(["layer_norm_epsilon", "rms_norm_eps"], optional=True) or 1e-5
+
+        # Fail early for models which don't have a block expansion factor of 2
+        assert d_inner == 2 * d_model
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(2**20) # arbitrary value; for those who use the default
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(d_model)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(0) # unused, but seemingly required when loading
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(0) # unused, but seemingly required when loading
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.hparams["n_layer"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_ssm_conv_kernel(d_conv)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_ssm_inner_size(d_inner)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_ssm_state_size(d_state)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_ssm_time_step_rank(dt_rank)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(rms_norm_eps)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams["n_layer"]
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+
+        tok_embd = None
+        tok_embd_name = gguf.TENSOR_NAMES[gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.TOKEN_EMBD] + ".weight"
+        output_name   = gguf.TENSOR_NAMES[gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.OUTPUT]     + ".weight"
+
+        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            if name.endswith(".A_log"):
+                logger.debug("A_log --> A ==> " + new_name)
+                data_torch = -torch.exp(data_torch)
+
+            # assuming token_embd.weight is seen before output.weight
+            if tok_embd is not None and new_name == output_name:
+                if torch.equal(tok_embd, data_torch):
+                    logger.debug(f"{output_name} is equivalent to {tok_embd_name}, omitting")
+                    continue
+            if new_name == tok_embd_name:
+                tok_embd = data_torch
+
+            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert big float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            new_weight_name = new_name[:-len(".weight")] if new_name.endswith(".weight") else ""
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and new_weight_name.endswith((".ssm_in", ".ssm_out", "token_embd", "output")) and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.info(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+
+@Model.register("CohereForCausalLM")
+class CommandR2Model(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.COMMAND_R
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # max_position_embeddings = 8192 in config.json but model was actually
+        # trained on 128k context length
+        self.hparams["max_position_embeddings"] = self.hparams["model_max_length"]
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        self.gguf_writer.add_logit_scale(self.hparams["logit_scale"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_type(gguf.RopeScalingType.NONE)
+
+
+@Model.register("OlmoForCausalLM")
+@Model.register("OLMoForCausalLM")
+class OlmoModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.OLMO
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(1e-5)
+        clip_qkv = self.hparams.get("clip_qkv")
+        if clip_qkv is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_clamp_kqv(clip_qkv)
+
+    # Same as super class, but permuting q_proj, k_proj
+    # Copied from: LlamaModel
+    def write_tensors(self):
+        block_count = self.hparams.get("n_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers", self.hparams.get("n_layer")))
+        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
+        n_head = self.hparams.get("num_attention_heads")
+        n_kv_head = self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads")
+        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
+            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
+
+            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
+            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
+                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
+
+            data = data_torch.numpy()
+
+            if name.endswith("q_proj.weight"):
+                data = permute(data, n_head, n_head)
+            if name.endswith("k_proj.weight"):
+                data = permute(data, n_head, n_kv_head)
+
+            data = data.squeeze()
+
+            # map tensor names
+            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
+            if new_name is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
+
+            n_dims = len(data.shape)
+            data_dtype = data.dtype
+
+            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
+            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # 1d tensors need to be converted to float32
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
+                data = data.astype(np.float32)
+
+            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
+            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and n_dims == 2:
+                data = data.astype(np.float16)
+
+            logger.info(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
+
+            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
+
+
+###### CONVERSION LOGIC ######
+
+
+def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Convert a huggingface model to a GGML compatible file")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--vocab-only", action="store_true",
+        help="extract only the vocab",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--awq-path", type=Path, default=None,
+        help="Path to scale awq cache file")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--outfile", type=Path,
+        help="path to write to; default: based on input",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--outtype", type=str, choices=["f32", "f16"], default="f16",
+        help="output format - use f32 for float32, f16 for float16",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--bigendian", action="store_true", help="model is executed on big endian machine")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "model", type=Path,
+        help="directory containing model file",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--use-temp-file", action="store_true", help="use the tempfile library while processing (helpful when running out of memory, process killed)")
+    parser.add_argument("--model-name", type=str, default=None, help="name of the model")
+    parser.add_argument("--verbose", action="store_true", help="increase output verbosity")
+
+    return parser.parse_args()
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    args = parse_args()
+
+    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG if args.verbose else logging.INFO)
+
+    dir_model = args.model
+
+    if args.awq_path:
+        sys.path.insert(1, str(Path(__file__).parent / 'awq-py'))
+        from awq.apply_awq import add_scale_weights  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+        tmp_model_path = args.model / "weighted_model"
+        dir_model = tmp_model_path
+        if tmp_model_path.is_dir():
+            logger.info(f"{tmp_model_path} exists as a weighted model.")
+        else:
+            tmp_model_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+            logger.info("Saving new weighted model ...")
+            add_scale_weights(str(args.model), str(args.awq_path), str(tmp_model_path))
+            logger.info(f"Saved weighted model at {tmp_model_path}.")
+
+    if not dir_model.is_dir():
+        logger.error(f'Error: {args.model} is not a directory')
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    ftype_map = {
+        "f32": gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F32,
+        "f16": gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F16,
+    }
+
+    if args.outfile is not None:
+        fname_out = args.outfile
+    else:
+        # output in the same directory as the model by default
+        fname_out = dir_model / f'ggml-model-{args.outtype}.gguf'
+
+    logger.info(f"Loading model: {dir_model.name}")
+
+    hparams = Model.load_hparams(dir_model)
+
+    with torch.inference_mode():
+        model_class = Model.from_model_architecture(hparams["architectures"][0])
+        model_instance = model_class(dir_model, ftype_map[args.outtype], fname_out, args.bigendian, args.use_temp_file)
+
+        logger.info("Set model parameters")
+        model_instance.set_gguf_parameters()
+
+        logger.info("Set model tokenizer")
+        model_instance.set_vocab()
+
+        if args.vocab_only:
+            logger.info(f"Exporting model vocab to '{fname_out}'")
+            model_instance.write_vocab()
+        else:
+            logger.info(f"Exporting model to '{fname_out}'")
+            model_instance.write()
+
+        logger.info(f"Model successfully exported to '{fname_out}'")
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()