bigdl-core-cpp 2.1.0b2__py3-none-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl → 2.1.0b20240820.post1__py3-none-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl

bigdl/cpp/convert-hf-to-gguf.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ import sys
 from enum import IntEnum
 from pathlib import Path
 from hashlib import sha256
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, ContextManager, Iterable, Iterator, Sequence, TypeVar, cast
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, ContextManager, Iterable, Iterator, Literal, Sequence, TypeVar, cast
 
 import math
 import numpy as np
@@ -25,10 +26,6 @@ if 'NO_LOCAL_GGUF' not in os.environ:
     sys.path.insert(1, str(Path(__file__).parent / 'gguf-py'))
 import gguf
 
-from convert import LlamaHfVocab
-
-logger = logging.getLogger("hf-to-gguf")
-
 logger = logging.getLogger("hf-to-gguf")
 
 
@@ -50,7 +47,8 @@ class Model:
     _model_classes: dict[str, type[Model]] = {}
 
     dir_model: Path
-    ftype: int
+    ftype: gguf.LlamaFileType
+    fname_out: Path
     is_big_endian: bool
     endianess: gguf.GGUFEndian
     use_temp_file: bool
@@ -61,29 +59,41 @@ class Model:
     block_count: int
     tensor_map: gguf.TensorNameMap
     tensor_names: set[str] | None
-    fname_out: Path
     gguf_writer: gguf.GGUFWriter
+    model_name: str | None
+    metadata_override: Path | None
+    dir_model_card: Path
 
     # subclasses should define this!
     model_arch: gguf.MODEL_ARCH
 
-    def __init__(self, dir_model: Path, ftype: gguf.LlamaFileType, fname_out: Path, is_big_endian: bool, use_temp_file: bool, eager: bool):
+    def __init__(self, dir_model: Path, ftype: gguf.LlamaFileType, fname_out: Path, is_big_endian: bool = False,
+                 use_temp_file: bool = False, eager: bool = False,
+                 metadata_override: Path | None = None, model_name: str | None = None,
+                 split_max_tensors: int = 0, split_max_size: int = 0, dry_run: bool = False, small_first_shard: bool = False):
         if type(self) is Model:
             raise TypeError(f"{type(self).__name__!r} should not be directly instantiated")
+
         self.dir_model = dir_model
         self.ftype = ftype
+        self.fname_out = fname_out
         self.is_big_endian = is_big_endian
         self.endianess = gguf.GGUFEndian.BIG if is_big_endian else gguf.GGUFEndian.LITTLE
         self.use_temp_file = use_temp_file
         self.lazy = not eager
-        self.part_names = Model.get_model_part_names(self.dir_model, ".safetensors")
+        self.part_names = Model.get_model_part_names(self.dir_model, "model", ".safetensors")
         self.is_safetensors = len(self.part_names) > 0
         if not self.is_safetensors:
-            self.part_names = Model.get_model_part_names(self.dir_model, ".bin")
+            self.part_names = Model.get_model_part_names(self.dir_model, "pytorch_model", ".bin")
         self.hparams = Model.load_hparams(self.dir_model)
-        self.block_count = self.find_hparam(["n_layers", "num_hidden_layers", "n_layer"])
+        self.block_count = self.find_hparam(["n_layers", "num_hidden_layers", "n_layer", "num_layers"])
         self.tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, self.block_count)
         self.tensor_names = None
+        self.metadata_override = metadata_override
+        self.model_name = model_name
+        self.dir_model_card = dir_model  # overridden in convert_lora_to_gguf.py
+
+        # Apply heuristics to figure out typical tensor encoding based on first layer tensor encoding type
         if self.ftype == gguf.LlamaFileType.GUESSED:
             # NOTE: can't use field "torch_dtype" in config.json, because some finetunes lie.
             _, first_tensor = next(self.get_tensors())
@@ -93,11 +103,10 @@ class Model:
             else:
                 logger.info(f"choosing --outtype bf16 from first tensor type ({first_tensor.dtype})")
                 self.ftype = gguf.LlamaFileType.MOSTLY_BF16
-        ftype_up: str = self.ftype.name.partition("_")[2].upper()
-        ftype_lw: str = ftype_up.lower()
-        # allow templating the file name with the output ftype, useful with the "auto" ftype
-        self.fname_out = fname_out.parent / fname_out.name.format(ftype_lw, outtype=ftype_lw, ftype=ftype_lw, OUTTYPE=ftype_up, FTYPE=ftype_up)
-        self.gguf_writer = gguf.GGUFWriter(self.fname_out, gguf.MODEL_ARCH_NAMES[self.model_arch], endianess=self.endianess, use_temp_file=self.use_temp_file)
+
+        # Configure GGUF Writer
+        self.gguf_writer = gguf.GGUFWriter(path=None, arch=gguf.MODEL_ARCH_NAMES[self.model_arch], endianess=self.endianess, use_temp_file=self.use_temp_file,
+                                           split_max_tensors=split_max_tensors, split_max_size=split_max_size, dry_run=dry_run, small_first_shard=small_first_shard)
 
     @classmethod
     def __init_subclass__(cls):
@@ -147,9 +156,16 @@ class Model:
                 tensor_names_from_parts.update(model_part.keys())
 
                 for name in model_part.keys():
-                    data = model_part.get_tensor(name) if self.is_safetensors else model_part[name]
-                    if self.lazy:
-                        data = LazyTorchTensor.from_eager(data)
+                    if self.is_safetensors:
+                        if self.lazy:
+                            data = model_part.get_slice(name)
+                            data = LazyTorchTensor.from_safetensors_slice(data)
+                        else:
+                            data = model_part.get_tensor(name)
+                    else:
+                        data = model_part[name]
+                        if self.lazy:
+                            data = LazyTorchTensor.from_eager(data)
                     yield name, data
 
         # only verify tensor name presence; it doesn't matter if they are not in the right files
@@ -185,7 +201,6 @@ class Model:
         return new_name
 
     def set_gguf_parameters(self):
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
         self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.block_count)
 
         if (n_ctx := self.find_hparam(["max_position_embeddings", "n_ctx"], optional=True)) is not None:
@@ -224,6 +239,10 @@ class Model:
             self.gguf_writer.add_expert_used_count(n_experts_used)
             logger.info(f"gguf: experts used count = {n_experts_used}")
 
+        if (head_dim := self.hparams.get("head_dim")) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_key_length(head_dim)
+            self.gguf_writer.add_value_length(head_dim)
+
         self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
         logger.info(f"gguf: file type = {self.ftype}")
 
@@ -242,7 +261,7 @@ class Model:
 
         return False
 
-    def write_tensors(self):
+    def prepare_tensors(self):
         max_name_len = max(len(s) for _, s in self.tensor_map.mapping.values()) + len(".weight,")
 
         for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
@@ -264,7 +283,7 @@ class Model:
                     break
 
             for new_name, data in ((n, d.squeeze().numpy()) for n, d in self.modify_tensors(data_torch, name, bid)):
-                data: np.ndarray = data  # type hint
+                data: np.ndarray  # type hint
                 n_dims = len(data.shape)
                 data_dtype = data.dtype
                 data_qtype: gguf.GGMLQuantizationType | None = None
@@ -325,23 +344,80 @@ class Model:
 
                 self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data, raw_dtype=data_qtype)
 
+    def set_type(self):
+        self.gguf_writer.add_type(gguf.GGUFType.MODEL)
+
+    def prepare_metadata(self, vocab_only: bool):
+
+        total_params, shared_params, expert_params, expert_count = self.gguf_writer.get_total_parameter_count()
+
+        self.metadata = gguf.Metadata.load(self.metadata_override, self.dir_model_card, self.model_name, total_params)
+
+        # Fallback to model directory name if metadata name is still missing
+        if self.metadata.name is None:
+            self.metadata.name = self.dir_model.name
+
+        # Generate parameter weight class (useful for leader boards) if not yet determined
+        if self.metadata.size_label is None and total_params > 0:
+            self.metadata.size_label = gguf.size_label(total_params, shared_params, expert_params, expert_count)
+
+        # Extract the encoding scheme from the file type name. e.g. 'gguf.LlamaFileType.MOSTLY_Q8_0' --> 'Q8_0'
+        output_type: str = self.ftype.name.partition("_")[2]
+
+        # Filename Output
+        if self.fname_out.is_dir():
+            # Generate default filename based on model specification and available metadata
+            if not vocab_only:
+                fname_default: str = gguf.naming_convention(self.metadata.name, self.metadata.basename, self.metadata.finetune, self.metadata.version, self.metadata.size_label, output_type, model_type="LoRA" if total_params < 0 else None)
+            else:
+                fname_default: str = gguf.naming_convention(self.metadata.name, self.metadata.basename, self.metadata.finetune, self.metadata.version, size_label=None, output_type=None, model_type="vocab")
+
+            # Use the default filename
+            self.fname_out = self.fname_out / f"{fname_default}.gguf"
+        else:
+            # Output path is a custom defined templated filename
+            # Note: `not is_dir()` is used because `.is_file()` will not detect
+            #       file template strings as it doesn't actually exist as a file
+
+            # Process templated file name with the output ftype, useful with the "auto" ftype
+            self.fname_out = self.fname_out.parent / gguf.fill_templated_filename(self.fname_out.name, output_type)
+
+        self.set_type()
+
+        logger.info("Set meta model")
+        self.metadata.set_gguf_meta_model(self.gguf_writer)
+
+        logger.info("Set model parameters")
+        self.set_gguf_parameters()
+
+        logger.info("Set model tokenizer")
+        self.set_vocab()
+
+        logger.info("Set model quantization version")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_quantization_version(gguf.GGML_QUANT_VERSION)
+
     def write(self):
-        self.write_tensors()
-        self.gguf_writer.write_header_to_file()
+        self.prepare_tensors()
+        self.prepare_metadata(vocab_only=False)
+        self.gguf_writer.write_header_to_file(path=self.fname_out)
         self.gguf_writer.write_kv_data_to_file()
         self.gguf_writer.write_tensors_to_file(progress=True)
         self.gguf_writer.close()
 
     def write_vocab(self):
-        self.gguf_writer.write_header_to_file()
+        if len(self.gguf_writer.tensors) != 1:
+            raise ValueError('Splitting the vocabulary is not supported')
+
+        self.prepare_metadata(vocab_only=True)
+        self.gguf_writer.write_header_to_file(path=self.fname_out)
         self.gguf_writer.write_kv_data_to_file()
         self.gguf_writer.close()
 
     @staticmethod
-    def get_model_part_names(dir_model: Path, suffix: str) -> list[str]:
+    def get_model_part_names(dir_model: Path, prefix: str, suffix: str) -> list[str]:
         part_names: list[str] = []
         for filename in os.listdir(dir_model):
-            if filename.endswith(suffix):
+            if filename.startswith(prefix) and filename.endswith(suffix):
                 part_names.append(filename)
 
         part_names.sort()
@@ -370,6 +446,29 @@ class Model:
         except KeyError:
             raise NotImplementedError(f'Architecture {arch!r} not supported!') from None
 
+    def does_token_look_special(self, token: str | bytes) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(token, (bytes, bytearray)):
+            token_text = token.decode(encoding="utf-8")
+        elif isinstance(token, memoryview):
+            token_text = token.tobytes().decode(encoding="utf-8")
+        else:
+            token_text = token
+
+        # Some models mark some added tokens which ought to be control tokens as not special.
+        # (e.g. command-r, command-r-plus, deepseek-coder, gemma{,-2})
+        seems_special = token_text in (
+            "<pad>",  # deepseek-coder
+            "<mask>", "<2mass>", "[@BOS@]",  # gemma{,-2}
+        )
+
+        seems_special = seems_special or (token_text.startswith("<|") and token_text.endswith("|>"))
+        seems_special = seems_special or (token_text.startswith("<｜") and token_text.endswith("｜>"))  # deepseek-coder
+
+        # TODO: should these be marked as UNUSED instead? (maybe not)
+        seems_special = seems_special or (token_text.startswith("<unused") and token_text.endswith(">"))  # gemma{,-2}
+
+        return seems_special
+
     # used for GPT-2 BPE and WordPiece vocabs
     def get_vocab_base(self) -> tuple[list[str], list[int], str]:
         tokens: list[str] = []
@@ -388,20 +487,22 @@ class Model:
         for i in range(vocab_size):
             if i not in reverse_vocab:
                 tokens.append(f"[PAD{i}]")
-                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.USER_DEFINED)
-            elif reverse_vocab[i] in added_vocab:
-                tokens.append(reverse_vocab[i])
-                if tokenizer.added_tokens_decoder[i].special:
-                    toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.CONTROL)
-                else:
-                    toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.USER_DEFINED)
+                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.UNUSED)
             else:
-                tokens.append(reverse_vocab[i])
-                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.NORMAL)
+                token: str = reverse_vocab[i]
+                if token in added_vocab:
+                    if tokenizer.added_tokens_decoder[i].special or self.does_token_look_special(token):
+                        toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.CONTROL)
+                    else:
+                        token = token.replace(b"\xe2\x96\x81".decode("utf-8"), " ")  # pre-normalize user-defined spaces
+                        toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.USER_DEFINED)
+                else:
+                    toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.NORMAL)
+                tokens.append(token)
 
         return tokens, toktypes, tokpre
 
-    # NOTE: this function is generated by convert-hf-to-gguf-update.py
+    # NOTE: this function is generated by convert_hf_to_gguf_update.py
     #       do not modify it manually!
     # ref:  https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/6920
     # Marker: Start get_vocab_base_pre
@@ -421,7 +522,7 @@ class Model:
 
         res = None
 
-        # NOTE: if you get an error here, you need to update the convert-hf-to-gguf-update.py script
+        # NOTE: if you get an error here, you need to update the convert_hf_to_gguf_update.py script
         #       or pull the latest version of the model from Huggingface
         #       don't edit the hashes manually!
         if chkhsh == "0ef9807a4087ebef797fc749390439009c3b9eda9ad1a097abbe738f486c01e5":
@@ -478,15 +579,39 @@ class Model:
         if chkhsh == "c136ed14d01c2745d4f60a9596ae66800e2b61fa45643e72436041855ad4089d":
             # ref: https://huggingface.co/abacusai/Smaug-Llama-3-70B-Instruct
             res = "smaug-bpe"
+        if chkhsh == "c7ea5862a53e4272c035c8238367063e2b270d51faa48c0f09e9d5b54746c360":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/LumiOpen/Poro-34B-chat
+            res = "poro-chat"
+        if chkhsh == "7967bfa498ade6b757b064f31e964dddbb80f8f9a4d68d4ba7998fcf281c531a":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-code
+            res = "jina-v2-code"
+        if chkhsh == "b6e8e1518dc4305be2fe39c313ed643381c4da5db34a98f6a04c093f8afbe99b":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/THUDM/glm-4-9b-chat
+            res = "chatglm-bpe"
+        if chkhsh == "7fc505bd3104ca1083b150b17d088b59534ede9bde81f0dd2090967d7fe52cee":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/LumiOpen/Viking-7B
+            res = "viking"
+        if chkhsh == "b53802fb28e26d645c3a310b34bfe07da813026ec7c7716883404d5e0f8b1901":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/core42/jais-13b
+            res = "jais"
+        if chkhsh == "7b3e7548e4308f52a76e8229e4e6cc831195d0d1df43aed21ac6c93da05fec5f":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/WisdomShell/CodeShell-7B
+            res = "codeshell"
+        if chkhsh == "63b97e4253352e6f357cc59ea5b583e3a680eaeaf2632188c2b952de2588485e":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-Nemo-Base-2407
+            res = "tekken"
+        if chkhsh == "855059429035d75a914d1eda9f10a876752e281a054a7a3d421ef0533e5b6249":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM-135M
+            res = "smollm"
 
         if res is None:
             logger.warning("\n")
             logger.warning("**************************************************************************************")
             logger.warning("** WARNING: The BPE pre-tokenizer was not recognized!")
             logger.warning("**          There are 2 possible reasons for this:")
-            logger.warning("**          - the model has not been added to convert-hf-to-gguf-update.py yet")
+            logger.warning("**          - the model has not been added to convert_hf_to_gguf_update.py yet")
             logger.warning("**          - the pre-tokenization config has changed upstream")
-            logger.warning("**          Check your model files and convert-hf-to-gguf-update.py and update them accordingly.")
+            logger.warning("**          Check your model files and convert_hf_to_gguf_update.py and update them accordingly.")
             logger.warning("** ref:     https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/6920")
             logger.warning("**")
             logger.warning(f"** chkhsh:  {chkhsh}")
@@ -541,7 +666,7 @@ class Model:
         for i in range(vocab_size):
             if i not in reverse_vocab:
                 tokens.append(f"[PAD{i}]")
-                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.USER_DEFINED)
+                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.UNUSED)
             elif reverse_vocab[i] in added_vocab:
                 tokens.append(reverse_vocab[i])
                 toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.CONTROL)
@@ -564,15 +689,23 @@ class Model:
         special_vocab._set_special_token("unk", tokenizer.special_tokens["<|endoftext|>"])
         special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
 
-    def _set_vocab_sentencepiece(self):
+    def _set_vocab_sentencepiece(self, add_to_gguf=True):
+        tokens, scores, toktypes = self._create_vocab_sentencepiece()
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("llama")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre("default")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_scores(scores)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
+
+        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, n_vocab=len(tokens))
+        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
+
+    def _create_vocab_sentencepiece(self):
         from sentencepiece import SentencePieceProcessor
 
         tokenizer_path = self.dir_model / 'tokenizer.model'
 
-        tokens: list[bytes] = []
-        scores: list[float] = []
-        toktypes: list[int] = []
-
         if not tokenizer_path.is_file():
             raise FileNotFoundError(f"File not found: {tokenizer_path}")
 
@@ -583,7 +716,7 @@ class Model:
 
         tokens: list[bytes] = [f"[PAD{i}]".encode("utf-8") for i in range(vocab_size)]
         scores: list[float] = [-10000.0] * vocab_size
-        toktypes: list[int] = [SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNKNOWN] * vocab_size
+        toktypes: list[int] = [SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED] * vocab_size
 
         for token_id in range(tokenizer.vocab_size()):
             piece = tokenizer.IdToPiece(token_id)
@@ -610,7 +743,7 @@ class Model:
                 added_tokens_json = json.load(f)
                 for key in added_tokens_json:
                     token_id = added_tokens_json[key]
-                    if (token_id >= vocab_size):
+                    if token_id >= vocab_size:
                         logger.warning(f'ignore token {token_id}: id is out of range, max={vocab_size - 1}')
                         continue
 
@@ -618,6 +751,26 @@ class Model:
                     scores[token_id] = -1000.0
                     toktypes[token_id] = SentencePieceTokenTypes.USER_DEFINED
 
+        tokenizer_config_file = self.dir_model / 'tokenizer_config.json'
+        if tokenizer_config_file.is_file():
+            with open(tokenizer_config_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                tokenizer_config_json = json.load(f)
+                added_tokens_decoder = tokenizer_config_json.get("added_tokens_decoder", {})
+                for token_id, token_data in added_tokens_decoder.items():
+                    token_id = int(token_id)
+                    token: str = token_data["content"]
+                    if toktypes[token_id] != SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED:
+                        if tokens[token_id] != token.encode("utf-8"):
+                            logger.warning(f'replacing token {token_id}: {tokens[token_id].decode("utf-8")!r} -> {token!r}')
+                    if token_data.get("special") or self.does_token_look_special(token):
+                        toktypes[token_id] = SentencePieceTokenTypes.CONTROL
+                    else:
+                        token = token.replace(b"\xe2\x96\x81".decode("utf-8"), " ")  # pre-normalize user-defined spaces
+                        toktypes[token_id] = SentencePieceTokenTypes.USER_DEFINED
+
+                    scores[token_id] = -1000.0
+                    tokens[token_id] = token.encode("utf-8")
+
         if vocab_size > len(tokens):
             pad_count = vocab_size - len(tokens)
             logger.debug(f"Padding vocab with {pad_count} token(s) - [PAD1] through [PAD{pad_count}]")
@@ -626,17 +779,10 @@ class Model:
                 scores.append(-1000.0)
                 toktypes.append(SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED)
 
-        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("llama")
-        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre("default")
-        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_token_scores(scores)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
-
-        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, n_vocab=len(tokens))
-        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
+        return tokens, scores, toktypes
 
     def _set_vocab_llama_hf(self):
-        vocab = LlamaHfVocab(self.dir_model)
+        vocab = gguf.LlamaHfVocab(self.dir_model)
         tokens = []
         scores = []
         toktypes = []
@@ -657,6 +803,51 @@ class Model:
         special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, n_vocab=len(tokens))
         special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
 
+    def _set_vocab_builtin(self, model_name: Literal["gpt-neox", "llama-spm"], vocab_size: int):
+        tokenizer_path = Path(sys.path[0]) / "models" / f"ggml-vocab-{model_name}.gguf"
+        logger.warning(f"Using tokenizer from '{os.path.relpath(tokenizer_path, os.getcwd())}'")
+        vocab_reader = gguf.GGUFReader(tokenizer_path, "r")
+
+        default_pre = "mpt" if model_name == "gpt-neox" else "default"
+
+        field = vocab_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.MODEL)
+        assert field  # tokenizer model
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model(bytes(field.parts[-1]).decode("utf-8"))
+
+        field = vocab_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.PRE)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre(bytes(field.parts[-1]).decode("utf-8") if field else default_pre)
+
+        field = vocab_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.LIST)
+        assert field  # token list
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list([bytes(field.parts[i]) for i in field.data][:vocab_size])
+
+        if model_name == "llama-spm":
+            field = vocab_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.SCORES)
+            assert field  # token scores
+            self.gguf_writer.add_token_scores([field.parts[i].tolist()[0] for i in field.data][:vocab_size])
+
+        field = vocab_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.TOKEN_TYPE)
+        assert field  # token types
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types([field.parts[i].tolist()[0] for i in field.data][:vocab_size])
+
+        if model_name != "llama-spm":
+            field = vocab_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.MERGES)
+            assert field  # token merges
+            self.gguf_writer.add_token_merges([bytes(field.parts[i]) for i in field.data])
+
+        if (field := vocab_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.BOS_ID)) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_bos_token_id(field.parts[-1].tolist()[0])
+        if (field := vocab_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.EOS_ID)) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_eos_token_id(field.parts[-1].tolist()[0])
+        if (field := vocab_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.UNK_ID)) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_unk_token_id(field.parts[-1].tolist()[0])
+        if (field := vocab_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.PAD_ID)) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_pad_token_id(field.parts[-1].tolist()[0])
+        if (field := vocab_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.ADD_BOS)) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_add_bos_token(field.parts[-1].tolist()[0])
+        if (field := vocab_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.ADD_EOS)) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_add_eos_token(field.parts[-1].tolist()[0])
+
 
 @Model.register("GPTNeoXForCausalLM")
 class GPTNeoXModel(Model):
@@ -665,7 +856,6 @@ class GPTNeoXModel(Model):
     def set_gguf_parameters(self):
         block_count = self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
 
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["max_position_embeddings"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["hidden_size"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
@@ -721,7 +911,6 @@ class BloomModel(Model):
     model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.BLOOM
 
     def set_gguf_parameters(self):
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name("Bloom")
         n_embed = self.hparams.get("hidden_size", self.hparams.get("n_embed"))
         n_head = self.hparams.get("n_head", self.hparams.get("num_attention_heads"))
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams.get("seq_length", n_embed))
@@ -798,7 +987,6 @@ class MPTModel(Model):
 
     def set_gguf_parameters(self):
         block_count = self.hparams["n_layers"]
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["max_seq_len"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["d_model"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
@@ -837,7 +1025,6 @@ class OrionModel(Model):
         block_count = self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
         head_count = self.hparams["num_attention_heads"]
         head_count_kv = self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads", head_count)
-        hf_repo = self.hparams.get("_name_or_path", "")
 
         ctx_length = 0
         if "max_sequence_length" in self.hparams:
@@ -850,8 +1037,6 @@ class OrionModel(Model):
             raise ValueError("gguf: can not find ctx length parameter.")
 
         self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_source_hf_repo(hf_repo)
         self.gguf_writer.add_tensor_data_layout("Meta AI original pth")
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(ctx_length)
         self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["hidden_size"])
@@ -875,7 +1060,6 @@ class BaichuanModel(Model):
         block_count = self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
         head_count = self.hparams["num_attention_heads"]
         head_count_kv = self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads", head_count)
-        hf_repo = self.hparams.get("_name_or_path", "")
 
         ctx_length = 0
         if "max_sequence_length" in self.hparams:
@@ -887,8 +1071,6 @@ class BaichuanModel(Model):
         else:
             raise ValueError("gguf: can not find ctx length parameter.")
 
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_source_hf_repo(hf_repo)
         self.gguf_writer.add_tensor_data_layout("Meta AI original pth")
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(ctx_length)
         self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["hidden_size"])
@@ -962,7 +1144,11 @@ class XverseModel(Model):
         from transformers import AutoTokenizer
         tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(dir_model)
         vocab_size = hparams.get("vocab_size", len(tokenizer.vocab))
-        assert max(tokenizer.vocab.values()) < vocab_size
+        # Since we are checking the maximum index, we need to ensure it's strictly less than vocab_size,
+        # because vocab_size is the count of items, and indexes start at 0.
+        max_vocab_index = max(tokenizer.get_vocab().values())
+        if max_vocab_index >= vocab_size:
+            raise ValueError("Vocabulary size exceeds expected maximum size.")
 
         reverse_vocab: dict[int, str] = {id_: encoded_tok for encoded_tok, id_ in tokenizer.vocab.items()}
         added_vocab = tokenizer.get_added_vocab()
@@ -998,7 +1184,6 @@ class XverseModel(Model):
         block_count = self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
         head_count = self.hparams["num_attention_heads"]
         head_count_kv = self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads", head_count)
-        hf_repo = self.hparams.get("_name_or_path", "")
 
         ctx_length = 0
         if "max_sequence_length" in self.hparams:
@@ -1010,8 +1195,6 @@ class XverseModel(Model):
         else:
             raise ValueError("gguf: can not find ctx length parameter.")
 
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_source_hf_repo(hf_repo)
         self.gguf_writer.add_tensor_data_layout("Meta AI original pth")
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(ctx_length)
         self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["hidden_size"])
@@ -1070,7 +1253,6 @@ class FalconModel(Model):
         if n_head_kv is None:
             n_head_kv = self.hparams.get("n_head_kv", 1)  # old name
 
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name("Falcon")
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(2048)  # not in config.json
         self.gguf_writer.add_tensor_data_layout("jploski")  # qkv tensor transform
         self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["hidden_size"])
@@ -1115,7 +1297,6 @@ class StarCoderModel(Model):
     def set_gguf_parameters(self):
         block_count = self.hparams["n_layer"]
 
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name("StarCoder")
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["n_positions"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["n_embd"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(4 * self.hparams["n_embd"])
@@ -1135,11 +1316,11 @@ class RefactModel(Model):
 
         # TODO: how to determine special FIM tokens automatically?
         special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, load_merges=False,
-                                          special_token_types = ['prefix', 'suffix', 'middle', 'fsep', 'eot'])
+                                          special_token_types = ['prefix', 'suffix', 'middle', 'eot'])
         special_vocab._set_special_token("prefix", 1)
         special_vocab._set_special_token("suffix", 3)
         special_vocab._set_special_token("middle", 2)
-        special_vocab._set_special_token("fsep",   4) # is this correct?
+        special_vocab.chat_template = None  # do not add it twice
         special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
 
     def set_gguf_parameters(self):
@@ -1151,7 +1332,6 @@ class RefactModel(Model):
 
         block_count = self.hparams["n_layer"]
 
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name("Refact")
         # refact uses Alibi. So this is from config.json which might be used by training.
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["n_positions"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["n_embd"])
@@ -1199,14 +1379,13 @@ class StableLMModel(Model):
         if (self.dir_model / "tokenizer.json").is_file():
             self._set_vocab_gpt2()
         else:
-            # StableLM 2 1.6B uses a vocab in a similar format to Qwen's vocab
+            # StableLM 2 1.6B used to have a vocab in a similar format to Qwen's vocab
             self._set_vocab_qwen()
 
     def set_gguf_parameters(self):
         hparams = self.hparams
         block_count = hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
 
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(hparams["max_position_embeddings"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(hparams["hidden_size"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
@@ -1268,8 +1447,8 @@ class StableLMModel(Model):
 
         return [(new_name, data_torch)]
 
-    def write_tensors(self):
-        super().write_tensors()
+    def prepare_tensors(self):
+        super().prepare_tensors()
 
         if self._q_norms is not None or self._k_norms is not None:
             # flatten two `list[dict[str, Tensor]]` into a single `list[str]`
@@ -1281,85 +1460,6 @@ class StableLMModel(Model):
             if len(norms) > 0:
                 raise ValueError(f"Unprocessed norms: {norms}")
 
-    def write_tensors(self):
-        block_count = self.hparams.get("n_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers", self.hparams.get("n_layer")))
-        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
-        n_head = self.hparams.get("num_attention_heads")
-        n_kv_head = self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads")
-        q_norms = dict()
-        k_norms = dict()
-        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
-            # we don't need these
-            if name.endswith((".attention.masked_bias", ".attention.bias", ".attention.rotary_emb.inv_freq")):
-                continue
-
-            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
-
-            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
-            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
-                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
-
-            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
-            n_dims = len(data.shape)
-            if name.find("q_layernorm.norms") != -1:
-                q_norms[name] = data
-                if len(q_norms) >= (block_count * n_head):
-                    self._stack_qk_norm(block_count, name, tensor_map, n_head, q_norms, n_dims, layer_name="q_layernorm")
-                continue
-            if name.find("k_layernorm.norms") != -1:
-                k_norms[name] = data
-                if len(k_norms) >= (block_count * n_kv_head):
-                    self._stack_qk_norm(block_count, name, tensor_map, n_kv_head, k_norms, n_dims, layer_name="k_layernorm")
-                continue
-
-            # map tensor names
-            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
-            if new_name is None:
-                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
-
-            n_dims = len(data.shape)
-            data_dtype = data.dtype
-
-            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
-            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
-                data = data.astype(np.float32)
-
-            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
-            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and (n_dims == 1 or new_name.endswith("_norm.weight")):
-                data = data.astype(np.float32)
-
-            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
-            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and not new_name.endswith("_norm.weight") and n_dims == 2:
-                data = data.astype(np.float16)
-
-            logger.debug(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
-
-            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
-
-    def _stack_qk_norm(self, block_count, name, tensor_map, n_head, norms, n_dims, layer_name="q_layernorm"):
-        for bid in range(block_count):
-            datas = []
-            for xid in range(n_head):
-                ename = f"model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.{layer_name}.norms.{xid}.weight"
-                datas.append(norms[ename])
-                del norms[ename]
-            data = np.stack(datas, axis=0)
-            data_dtype = data.dtype
-            merged_name = f"model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.{layer_name}.weight"
-            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(merged_name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
-            if new_name is None:
-                raise ValueError(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
-            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and (n_dims == 1 or new_name.endswith("_norm.weight")):
-                data = data.astype(np.float32)
-
-            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
-            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and not new_name.endswith("_norm.weight") and n_dims == 2:
-                data = data.astype(np.float16)
-
-            logger.debug(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {len(data.shape)}, shape = {data.shape} --> {data.dtype}")
-
-            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
-
 
 @Model.register("LlamaForCausalLM", "MistralForCausalLM", "MixtralForCausalLM")
 class LlamaModel(Model):
@@ -1367,7 +1467,7 @@ class LlamaModel(Model):
 
     def set_vocab(self):
         try:
-            self. _set_vocab_sentencepiece()
+            self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
         except FileNotFoundError:
             try:
                 self._set_vocab_llama_hf()
@@ -1391,13 +1491,29 @@ class LlamaModel(Model):
         super().set_gguf_parameters()
         hparams = self.hparams
         self.gguf_writer.add_vocab_size(hparams["vocab_size"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(hparams["hidden_size"] // hparams["num_attention_heads"])
+
+        if "head_dim" in hparams:
+            rope_dim = hparams["head_dim"]
+        else:
+            rope_dim = hparams["hidden_size"] // hparams["num_attention_heads"]
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(rope_dim)
 
         if self.hparams.get("rope_scaling") is not None and "factor" in self.hparams["rope_scaling"]:
             if self.hparams["rope_scaling"].get("type") == "linear":
                 self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_type(gguf.RopeScalingType.LINEAR)
                 self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_factor(self.hparams["rope_scaling"]["factor"])
 
+        tokenizer_config_file = self.dir_model / 'tokenizer_config.json'
+        if tokenizer_config_file.is_file():
+            with open(tokenizer_config_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                tokenizer_config_json = json.load(f)
+                if "add_prefix_space" in tokenizer_config_json:
+                    self.gguf_writer.add_add_space_prefix(tokenizer_config_json["add_prefix_space"])
+
+        # Apply to granite small models only
+        if self.hparams.get("vocab_size", 32000) == 49152:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_add_bos_token(False)
+
     @staticmethod
     def permute(weights: Tensor, n_head: int, n_head_kv: int | None):
         if n_head_kv is not None and n_head != n_head_kv:
@@ -1412,9 +1528,9 @@ class LlamaModel(Model):
         n_head = self.hparams["num_attention_heads"]
         n_kv_head = self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads")
 
-        if name.endswith("q_proj.weight"):
+        if name.endswith(("q_proj.weight", "q_proj.bias")):
             data_torch = LlamaModel.permute(data_torch, n_head, n_head)
-        if name.endswith("k_proj.weight"):
+        if name.endswith(("k_proj.weight", "k_proj.bias")):
             data_torch = LlamaModel.permute(data_torch, n_head, n_kv_head)
 
         # process the experts separately
@@ -1453,8 +1569,35 @@ class LlamaModel(Model):
 
         return [(self.map_tensor_name(name), data_torch)]
 
-    def write_tensors(self):
-        super().write_tensors()
+    def prepare_tensors(self):
+        if rope_scaling := self.find_hparam(["rope_scaling"], optional=True):
+            if rope_scaling.get("rope_type", '').lower() == "llama3":
+                base = self.hparams.get("rope_theta", 10000.0)
+                dim = self.hparams["hidden_size"] // self.hparams["num_attention_heads"]
+                freqs = 1.0 / (base ** (torch.arange(0, dim, 2, dtype=torch.float32) / dim))
+                factor = rope_scaling.get("factor", 8.0)
+                low_freq_factor = rope_scaling.get("low_freq_factor", 1.0)
+                high_freq_factor = rope_scaling.get("high_freq_factor", 4.0)
+                old_context_len = self.hparams.get("original_max_position_embeddings", 8192)
+
+                low_freq_wavelen = old_context_len / low_freq_factor
+                high_freq_wavelen = old_context_len / high_freq_factor
+                assert low_freq_wavelen != high_freq_wavelen
+
+                rope_factors = []
+                for freq in freqs:
+                    wavelen = 2 * math.pi / freq
+                    if wavelen < high_freq_wavelen:
+                        rope_factors.append(1)
+                    elif wavelen > low_freq_wavelen:
+                        rope_factors.append(factor)
+                    else:
+                        smooth = (old_context_len / wavelen - low_freq_factor) / (high_freq_factor - low_freq_factor)
+                        rope_factors.append(1 / ((1 - smooth) / factor + smooth))
+
+                self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(self.format_tensor_name(gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.ROPE_FREQS), np.array(rope_factors, dtype=np.float32))
+
+        super().prepare_tensors()
 
         if self._experts is not None:
             # flatten `list[dict[str, Tensor]]` into `list[str]`
@@ -1463,6 +1606,48 @@ class LlamaModel(Model):
                 raise ValueError(f"Unprocessed experts: {experts}")
 
 
+@Model.register("BitnetForCausalLM")
+class BitnetModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.BITNET
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_type(gguf.RopeScalingType.LINEAR)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_factor(1.0)
+
+    def weight_quant(self, weight):
+        dtype = weight.dtype
+        weight = weight.float()
+        s = 1 / weight.abs().mean().clamp(min=1e-5)
+        weight = (weight * s).round().clamp(-1, 1) / s
+        scale = weight.abs().max().unsqueeze(0)
+        weight = torch.where(weight.abs().less(1e-6), 0, weight).type(dtype)
+        weight = torch.sign(weight).type(dtype)
+        return weight.type(dtype), scale.type(torch.float32)
+
+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        new_name = self.map_tensor_name(name)
+
+        if any(self.match_model_tensor_name(new_name, key, bid) for key in [
+            gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_Q,
+            gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_K,
+            gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_V,
+            gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_OUT,
+            gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_UP,
+            gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_DOWN,
+            gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_GATE,
+        ]):
+            # transform weight into 1/0/-1 (in fp32)
+            weight_torch, scale_torch = self.weight_quant(data_torch)
+            yield (new_name, weight_torch)
+            yield (new_name.removesuffix(".weight") + ".scale", scale_torch)
+        else:
+            yield (new_name, data_torch)
+
+
 @Model.register("GrokForCausalLM")
 class GrokModel(Model):
     model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.GROK
@@ -1475,7 +1660,6 @@ class GrokModel(Model):
 
     def set_gguf_parameters(self):
         super().set_gguf_parameters()
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name("Grok")
 
     _experts: list[dict[str, Tensor]] | None = None
 
@@ -1524,7 +1708,6 @@ class DbrxModel(Model):
     def set_gguf_parameters(self):
         ffn_config = self.hparams["ffn_config"]
         attn_config = self.hparams["attn_config"]
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.hparams["model_type"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.hparams["n_layers"])
 
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["max_seq_len"])
@@ -1537,7 +1720,6 @@ class DbrxModel(Model):
         self.gguf_writer.add_rope_freq_base(attn_config["rope_theta"])
 
         self.gguf_writer.add_clamp_kqv(attn_config["clip_qkv"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
 
         self.gguf_writer.add_expert_count(ffn_config["moe_num_experts"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_expert_used_count(ffn_config["moe_top_k"])
@@ -1594,7 +1776,6 @@ class MiniCPMModel(Model):
 
     def set_gguf_parameters(self):
         block_count = self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name("MiniCPM")
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["max_position_embeddings"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["hidden_size"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
@@ -1612,9 +1793,11 @@ class MiniCPMModel(Model):
         if n_kv_head is not None and n_head != n_kv_head:
             n_head = n_kv_head
 
-        return (weights.reshape(n_head, 2, weights.shape[0] // n_head // 2, *weights.shape[1:])
-                .swapaxes(1, 2)
-                .reshape(weights.shape))
+        return (
+            weights.reshape(n_head, 2, weights.shape[0] // n_head // 2, *weights.shape[1:])
+            .swapaxes(1, 2)
+            .reshape(weights.shape)
+        )
 
     def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
         del bid  # unused
@@ -1662,7 +1845,6 @@ class QwenModel(Model):
         self._set_vocab_qwen()
 
     def set_gguf_parameters(self):
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name("Qwen")
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["max_position_embeddings"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["hidden_size"])
@@ -1693,6 +1875,12 @@ class Qwen2MoeModel(Model):
         super().set_gguf_parameters()
         if (n_experts := self.hparams.get("num_experts")) is not None:
             self.gguf_writer.add_expert_count(n_experts)
+        if (moe_intermediate_size := self.hparams.get("moe_intermediate_size")) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_expert_feed_forward_length(moe_intermediate_size)
+            logger.info(f"gguf: expert feed forward length = {moe_intermediate_size}")
+        if (shared_expert_intermediate_size := self.hparams.get('shared_expert_intermediate_size')) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_expert_shared_feed_forward_length(shared_expert_intermediate_size)
+            logger.info(f"gguf: expert shared feed forward length = {shared_expert_intermediate_size}")
 
     _experts: list[dict[str, Tensor]] | None = None
 
@@ -1732,8 +1920,8 @@ class Qwen2MoeModel(Model):
 
         return [(self.map_tensor_name(name), data_torch)]
 
-    def write_tensors(self):
-        super().write_tensors()
+    def prepare_tensors(self):
+        super().prepare_tensors()
 
         if self._experts is not None:
             # flatten `list[dict[str, Tensor]]` into `list[str]`
@@ -1747,7 +1935,6 @@ class GPT2Model(Model):
     model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.GPT2
 
     def set_gguf_parameters(self):
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
         self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.hparams["n_layer"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["n_ctx"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["n_embd"])
@@ -1790,7 +1977,6 @@ class Phi2Model(Model):
         n_embd = self.find_hparam(["hidden_size", "n_embd"])
         n_head = self.find_hparam(["num_attention_heads", "n_head"])
 
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name("Phi2")
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.find_hparam(["n_positions", "max_position_embeddings"]))
 
         self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(n_embd)
@@ -1823,7 +2009,7 @@ class Phi3MiniModel(Model):
 
         tokens: list[bytes] = [f"[PAD{i}]".encode("utf-8") for i in range(vocab_size)]
         scores: list[float] = [-10000.0] * vocab_size
-        toktypes: list[int] = [SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNKNOWN] * vocab_size
+        toktypes: list[int] = [SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED] * vocab_size
 
         for token_id in range(tokenizer.vocab_size()):
 
@@ -1852,7 +2038,7 @@ class Phi3MiniModel(Model):
 
                 for key in added_tokens_json:
                     token_id = added_tokens_json[key]
-                    if (token_id >= vocab_size):
+                    if token_id >= vocab_size:
                         logger.debug(f'ignore token {token_id}: id is out of range, max={vocab_size - 1}')
                         continue
 
@@ -1868,8 +2054,9 @@ class Phi3MiniModel(Model):
                 for token_id, foken_data in added_tokens_decoder.items():
                     token_id = int(token_id)
                     token = foken_data["content"].encode("utf-8")
-                    if toktypes[token_id] != SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNKNOWN:
-                        assert tokens[token_id] == token
+                    if toktypes[token_id] != SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED:
+                        if tokens[token_id] != token:
+                            logger.warning(f'replacing token {token_id}: {tokens[token_id].decode("utf-8")!r} -> {token.decode("utf-8")!r}')
                     tokens[token_id] = token
                     scores[token_id] = -1000.0
                     toktypes[token_id] = SentencePieceTokenTypes.USER_DEFINED
@@ -1884,8 +2071,9 @@ class Phi3MiniModel(Model):
                 for foken_data in added_tokens:
                     token_id = int(foken_data["id"])
                     token = foken_data["content"].encode("utf-8")
-                    if toktypes[token_id] != SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNKNOWN:
-                        assert tokens[token_id] == token
+                    if toktypes[token_id] != SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED:
+                        if tokens[token_id] != token:
+                            logger.warning(f'replacing token {token_id}: {tokens[token_id].decode("utf-8")!r} -> {token.decode("utf-8")!r}')
                     tokens[token_id] = token
                     scores[token_id] = -1000.0
                     toktypes[token_id] = SentencePieceTokenTypes.USER_DEFINED
@@ -1912,7 +2100,6 @@ class Phi3MiniModel(Model):
         orig_max_pos_embds = self.find_hparam(["original_max_position_embeddings"])
         rope_dims = n_embd // n_head
 
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name("Phi3")
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(max_pos_embds)
         self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_orig_ctx_len(orig_max_pos_embds)
         self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(n_embd)
@@ -1924,10 +2111,11 @@ class Phi3MiniModel(Model):
         self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(rope_dims)
         self.gguf_writer.add_rope_freq_base(self.find_hparam(["rope_theta"]))
         self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_sliding_window(self.find_hparam(["sliding_window"]))
 
         # write rope scaling for long context (128k) model
         rope_scaling = self.find_hparam(['rope_scaling'], True)
-        if (rope_scaling is None):
+        if rope_scaling is None:
             return
 
         scale = max_pos_embds / orig_max_pos_embds
@@ -1936,7 +2124,7 @@ class Phi3MiniModel(Model):
         if len(rope_scaling_type) == 0:
             raise KeyError('Missing the required key rope_scaling.type')
 
-        if rope_scaling_type == 'su':
+        if rope_scaling_type == 'su' or rope_scaling_type == 'longrope':
             attn_factor = math.sqrt(1 + math.log(scale) / math.log(orig_max_pos_embds)) if scale > 1.0 else 1.0
         elif rope_scaling_type == 'yarn':
             attn_factor = 0.1 * math.log(scale) + 1.0 if scale > 1.0 else 1.0
@@ -1969,7 +2157,6 @@ class PlamoModel(Model):
         hparams = self.hparams
         block_count = hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
 
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name("PLaMo")
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(4096)  # not in config.json
         self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(hparams["hidden_size"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(hparams["intermediate_size"])
@@ -2014,7 +2201,6 @@ class CodeShellModel(Model):
     def set_gguf_parameters(self):
         block_count = self.hparams["n_layer"]
 
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name("CodeShell")
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["n_positions"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["n_embd"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(4 * self.hparams["n_embd"])
@@ -2066,7 +2252,7 @@ class InternLM2Model(Model):
             logger.error(f'Error: Missing {tokenizer_path}')
             sys.exit(1)
 
-        sentencepiece_model = model.ModelProto()
+        sentencepiece_model = model.ModelProto()  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
         sentencepiece_model.ParseFromString(open(tokenizer_path, "rb").read())
         add_prefix = sentencepiece_model.normalizer_spec.add_dummy_prefix
 
@@ -2094,6 +2280,9 @@ class InternLM2Model(Model):
                 toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED
             elif tokenizer.IsByte(token_id):
                 toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.BYTE
+            # take care of ununsed raw token
+            if piece.startswith('[UNUSED'):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED
 
             tokens.append(text)
             scores.append(score)
@@ -2109,6 +2298,49 @@ class InternLM2Model(Model):
                     scores.append(-1000.0)
                     toktypes.append(SentencePieceTokenTypes.USER_DEFINED)
 
+        chat_eos_token = '<|im_end|>'
+        chat_eos_token_id = None
+
+        tokenizer_config_file = self.dir_model / 'tokenizer_config.json'
+        if tokenizer_config_file.is_file():
+            with open(tokenizer_config_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                tokenizer_config_json = json.load(f)
+                added_tokens_decoder = tokenizer_config_json.get("added_tokens_decoder", {})
+                for token_id, foken_data in added_tokens_decoder.items():
+                    token_id = int(token_id)
+                    token = foken_data["content"]
+                    if token == chat_eos_token:
+                        chat_eos_token_id = token_id
+                    token = token.encode("utf-8")
+                    if toktypes[token_id] != SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED:
+                        if tokens[token_id] != token:
+                            logger.warning(f'replacing token {token_id}: {tokens[token_id].decode("utf-8")!r} -> {token.decode("utf-8")!r}')
+                    tokens[token_id] = token
+                    scores[token_id] = -1000.0
+                    toktypes[token_id] = SentencePieceTokenTypes.USER_DEFINED
+                    if foken_data.get("special"):
+                        toktypes[token_id] = SentencePieceTokenTypes.CONTROL
+
+        tokenizer_file = self.dir_model / 'tokenizer.json'
+        if tokenizer_file.is_file():
+            with open(tokenizer_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                tokenizer_json = json.load(f)
+                added_tokens = tokenizer_json.get("added_tokens", [])
+                for foken_data in added_tokens:
+                    token_id = int(foken_data["id"])
+                    token = foken_data["content"]
+                    if token == chat_eos_token:
+                        chat_eos_token_id = token_id
+                    token = token.encode("utf-8")
+                    if toktypes[token_id] != SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED:
+                        if tokens[token_id] != token:
+                            logger.warning(f'replacing token {token_id}: {tokens[token_id].decode("utf-8")!r} -> {token.decode("utf-8")!r}')
+                    tokens[token_id] = token
+                    scores[token_id] = -1000.0
+                    toktypes[token_id] = SentencePieceTokenTypes.USER_DEFINED
+                    if foken_data.get("special"):
+                        toktypes[token_id] = SentencePieceTokenTypes.CONTROL
+
         self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("llama")
         self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre("default")
         self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
@@ -2118,37 +2350,17 @@ class InternLM2Model(Model):
 
         special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, n_vocab=len(tokens))
         old_eos = special_vocab.special_token_ids["eos"]
-        if "chat" in os.path.basename(self.dir_model.absolute()):
+        if chat_eos_token_id is not None:
             # For the chat model, we replace the eos with '<|im_end|>'.
             # TODO: this is a hack, should be fixed
             #       https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/6745#issuecomment-2067687048
-            special_vocab.special_token_ids["eos"] = self._try_get_sft_eos(tokenizer)
-            logger.warning(f"Replace eos:{old_eos} with a special token:{special_vocab.special_token_ids['eos']} \
-in chat mode so that the conversation can end normally.")
+            special_vocab.special_token_ids["eos"] = chat_eos_token_id
+            logger.warning(f"Replace eos:{old_eos} with a special token:{chat_eos_token_id}"
+                           " in chat mode so that the conversation can end normally.")
 
         special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
 
-    def _try_get_sft_eos(self, tokenizer):
-        unused_145_list = tokenizer.Encode('[UNUSED_TOKEN_145]')
-        im_end_list = tokenizer.Encode('<|im_end|>')
-        eos_token = None
-        assert (len(unused_145_list) == 1) ^ (len(im_end_list) == 1)
-        if len(unused_145_list) == 1:
-            eos_token = unused_145_list[0]
-        if len(im_end_list) == 1:
-            eos_token = im_end_list[0]
-        assert eos_token
-        return eos_token
-
-    def _hf_permute_qk(self, weights, n_head: int, n_head_kv: int):
-        if n_head_kv is not None and n_head != n_head_kv:
-            n_head = n_head_kv
-        return (weights.reshape(n_head, 2, weights.shape[0] // n_head // 2, *weights.shape[1:])
-                .swapaxes(1, 2)
-                .reshape(weights.shape))
-
     def set_gguf_parameters(self):
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name("InternLM2")
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["max_position_embeddings"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["hidden_size"])
@@ -2158,30 +2370,30 @@ in chat mode so that the conversation can end normally.")
         self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(self.hparams["rms_norm_eps"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(self.hparams["num_key_value_heads"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+        if self.hparams.get("rope_scaling") is not None and "factor" in self.hparams["rope_scaling"]:
+            if self.hparams["rope_scaling"].get("type") == "linear":
+                self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_type(gguf.RopeScalingType.LINEAR)
+                self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_factor(self.hparams["rope_scaling"]["factor"])
 
     def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
         num_heads = self.hparams["num_attention_heads"]
         num_kv_heads = self.hparams["num_key_value_heads"]
-        hidden_size = self.hparams["hidden_size"]
+        n_embd = self.hparams["hidden_size"]
         q_per_kv = num_heads // num_kv_heads
-        head_dim = hidden_size // num_heads
+        head_dim = n_embd // num_heads
         num_groups = num_heads // q_per_kv
 
-        qkv_pattern = r"model\.layers\.(\d+)\.attention\.wqkv"
-
-        if re.match(qkv_pattern, name):
-            bid = re.findall(qkv_pattern, name)[0]
+        if bid is not None and f"model.layers.{bid}.attention.wqkv" in name:
             qkv = data_torch
-            # qkv = rearrange(qkv.T, " o (g n i) ->o g n i", g=num_groups, n=q_per_kv + 2, i=head_dim)
-            qkv = qkv.T.reshape((-1, num_groups, q_per_kv + 2, head_dim))
-            q, k, v = qkv[..., : q_per_kv, :], qkv[..., q_per_kv: q_per_kv + 1, :], qkv[..., q_per_kv + 1: q_per_kv + 2, :]
+
+            qkv = qkv.reshape((num_groups, q_per_kv + 2, head_dim, n_embd))
+            q, k, v = qkv[:, : q_per_kv], qkv[:, -2], qkv[:, -1]
+
             # The model weights of q and k equire additional reshape.
-            # q = self._hf_permute_qk(rearrange(q, " o g n i ->  o (g n i)").T, num_heads, num_heads)
-            q = self._hf_permute_qk(q.reshape((q.shape[0], -1)).T, num_heads, num_heads)
-            # k = self._hf_permute_qk(rearrange(k, " o g n i ->  o (g n i)").T, num_heads, num_kv_heads)
-            k = self._hf_permute_qk(k.reshape((k.shape[0], -1)).T, num_heads, num_kv_heads)
-            # v = rearrange(v, " o g n i ->  o (g n i)").T
-            v = v.reshape((v.shape[0], -1)).T
+            q = LlamaModel.permute(q.reshape((-1, q.shape[-1])), num_heads, num_heads)
+            k = LlamaModel.permute(k.reshape((-1, k.shape[-1])), num_heads, num_kv_heads)
+            v = v.reshape((-1, v.shape[-1]))
+
             return [
                 (self.format_tensor_name(gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_Q, bid), q),
                 (self.format_tensor_name(gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_K, bid), k),
@@ -2308,13 +2520,55 @@ class GemmaModel(Model):
         special_vocab._set_special_token("middle", 68)
         special_vocab._set_special_token("fsep",   70)
         special_vocab._set_special_token("eot",    107)
+        special_vocab.chat_template = None  # do not add it twice
         special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
 
+        self.gguf_writer.add_add_space_prefix(False)
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        hparams = self.hparams
+        block_count = hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(hparams["max_position_embeddings"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(hparams["hidden_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(hparams["intermediate_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(hparams["num_attention_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(self.hparams["num_key_value_heads"] if "num_key_value_heads" in hparams else hparams["num_attention_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(self.hparams["rms_norm_eps"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_key_length(hparams["head_dim"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_value_length(hparams["head_dim"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+
+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        del bid  # unused
+
+        # lm_head is not used in llama.cpp, while autoawq will include this tensor in model
+        # To prevent errors, skip loading lm_head.weight.
+        if name == "lm_head.weight":
+            logger.debug(f"Skipping get tensor {name!r} in safetensors so that convert can end normally.")
+            return []
+
+        # ref: https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/fc37f38915372c15992b540dfcbbe00a916d4fc6/src/transformers/models/gemma/modeling_gemma.py#L89
+        if name.endswith("norm.weight"):
+            data_torch = data_torch + 1
+
+        return [(self.map_tensor_name(name), data_torch)]
+
+
+@Model.register("Gemma2ForCausalLM")
+class Gemma2Model(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.GEMMA2
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_add_space_prefix(False)
+
     def set_gguf_parameters(self):
         hparams = self.hparams
         block_count = hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
 
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(hparams["max_position_embeddings"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(hparams["hidden_size"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
@@ -2325,6 +2579,13 @@ class GemmaModel(Model):
         self.gguf_writer.add_key_length(hparams["head_dim"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_value_length(hparams["head_dim"])
         self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_attn_logit_softcapping(
+            self.hparams["attn_logit_softcapping"]
+        )
+        self.gguf_writer.add_final_logit_softcapping(
+            self.hparams["final_logit_softcapping"]
+        )
+        self.gguf_writer.add_sliding_window(self.hparams["sliding_window"])
 
     def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
         del bid  # unused
@@ -2366,39 +2627,7 @@ class MambaModel(Model):
             self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
         else:
             # Use the GPT-NeoX tokenizer when no tokenizer files are present
-            tokenizer_path = Path(sys.path[0]) / "models" / "ggml-vocab-gpt-neox.gguf"
-            logger.warning(f"Using tokenizer from '{os.path.relpath(tokenizer_path, os.getcwd())}'")
-            neox_reader = gguf.GGUFReader(tokenizer_path, "r")
-
-            field = neox_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.MODEL)
-            self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model(bytes(field.parts[-1]).decode("utf-8") if field else "gpt2")
-
-            field = neox_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.PRE)
-            self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre(bytes(field.parts[-1]).decode("utf-8") if field else "mpt")
-
-            field = neox_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.LIST)
-            assert field
-            self.gguf_writer.add_token_list([bytes(field.parts[i]) for i in field.data][:vocab_size])
-
-            field = neox_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.TOKEN_TYPE)
-            assert field
-            self.gguf_writer.add_token_types([field.parts[i].tolist()[0] for i in field.data][:vocab_size])
-
-            field = neox_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.MERGES)
-            assert field
-            self.gguf_writer.add_token_merges([bytes(field.parts[i]) for i in field.data])
-
-            field = neox_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.BOS_ID)
-            self.gguf_writer.add_bos_token_id(field.parts[-1].tolist()[0] if field else 1)
-
-            field = neox_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.EOS_ID)
-            self.gguf_writer.add_eos_token_id(field.parts[-1].tolist()[0] if field else 0)
-
-            field = neox_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.UNK_ID)
-            self.gguf_writer.add_unk_token_id(field.parts[-1].tolist()[0] if field else 0)
-
-            field = neox_reader.get_field(gguf.Keys.Tokenizer.PAD_ID)
-            self.gguf_writer.add_pad_token_id(field.parts[-1].tolist()[0] if field else 0)
+            self._set_vocab_builtin("gpt-neox", vocab_size)
 
     def set_gguf_parameters(self):
         d_model = self.find_hparam(["hidden_size",       "d_model"])
@@ -2414,7 +2643,6 @@ class MambaModel(Model):
         # Fail early for models which don't have a block expansion factor of 2
         assert d_inner == 2 * d_model
 
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
         self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(2**20) # arbitrary value; for those who use the default
         self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(d_model)
         self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(0) # unused, but seemingly required when loading
@@ -2521,18 +2749,20 @@ class JinaBertV2Model(BertModel):
 
     def get_tensors(self):
         for name, data in super().get_tensors():
-            if 'gated_layers' in name:
+            if 'gated_layer' in name:
                 d1 = data[:self.intermediate_size, :]
                 name1 = name.replace('gated_layers', 'gated_layers_w')
+                name1 = name1.replace('up_gated_layer', 'gated_layers_v')
                 d2 = data[self.intermediate_size:, :]
                 name2 = name.replace('gated_layers', 'gated_layers_v')
+                name2 = name2.replace('up_gated_layer', 'gated_layers_w')
                 yield name1, d1
                 yield name2, d2
                 continue
 
             yield name, data
 
-    def set_vocab(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    def set_vocab(self):
         tokenizer_class = 'BertTokenizer'
         with open(self.dir_model / "tokenizer_config.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
             tokenizer_class = json.load(f)['tokenizer_class']
@@ -2548,17 +2778,92 @@ class JinaBertV2Model(BertModel):
         self.gguf_writer.add_add_eos_token(True)
 
 
-@Model.register("ArcticForCausalLM")
-class ArcticModel(Model):
-    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.ARCTIC
-
-    def set_vocab(self):
-        # The reason for using a custom implementation here is that the
-        # snowflake-arctic-instruct model redefined tokens 31998 and 31999 from
-        # tokenizer.model and used them as BOS and EOS instead of adding new tokens.
-        from sentencepiece import SentencePieceProcessor
+@Model.register("OpenELMForCausalLM")
+class OpenELMModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.OPENELM
 
-        tokenizer_path = self.dir_model / 'tokenizer.model'
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_divisible(v: float | int, divisor: int) -> int:
+        # ref: https://huggingface.co/apple/OpenELM-270M-Instruct/blob/eb111ff2e6724348e5b905984063d4064d4bc579/configuration_openelm.py#L34-L38
+        new_v = max(divisor, int(v + divisor / 2) // divisor * divisor)
+        # Make sure that round down does not go down by more than 10%.
+        if new_v < 0.9 * v:
+            new_v += divisor
+        return new_v
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        ffn_multipliers: list[float] = self.hparams["ffn_multipliers"]
+        ffn_dim_divisor: int = self.hparams["ffn_dim_divisor"]
+        self._n_embd: int = self.hparams["model_dim"]
+        self._num_kv_heads: list[int] = self.hparams["num_kv_heads"]
+        self._num_query_heads: list[int] = self.hparams["num_query_heads"]
+        self._ffn_dims: list[int] = [
+            OpenELMModel._make_divisible(multiplier * self._n_embd, ffn_dim_divisor)
+            for multiplier in ffn_multipliers
+        ]
+        assert isinstance(self._num_kv_heads, list) and isinstance(self._num_kv_heads[0], int)
+        assert isinstance(self._num_query_heads, list) and isinstance(self._num_query_heads[0], int)
+
+    # Uses the tokenizer from meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        try:
+            self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            self._set_vocab_builtin("llama-spm", self.hparams["vocab_size"])
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        n_embd = self._n_embd
+        head_dim = self.hparams["head_dim"]
+        rot_pct = 1.0
+        assert self.block_count == len(self._num_kv_heads)
+        assert self.block_count == len(self._num_query_heads)
+        assert self.block_count == len(self._ffn_dims)
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.block_count)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["max_context_length"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(n_embd)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(self._ffn_dims)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(self._num_query_heads)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(self._num_kv_heads)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_freq_base(self.hparams["rope_freq_constant"])
+        # https://huggingface.co/apple/OpenELM-270M-Instruct/blob/c401df2/modeling_openelm.py#L30
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(1e-6)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(int(rot_pct * head_dim))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_key_length(head_dim)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_value_length(head_dim)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+
+    def find_hparam(self, keys: Iterable[str], optional: bool = False) -> Any:
+        if "n_layers" in keys:
+            return self.hparams["num_transformer_layers"]
+
+        return super().find_hparam(keys, optional)
+
+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+
+        # split ff
+        if bid is not None and name == f"transformer.layers.{bid}.ffn.proj_1.weight":
+            ff_dim = self._ffn_dims[bid]
+            yield (self.format_tensor_name(gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_GATE, bid), data_torch[:ff_dim])
+            yield (self.format_tensor_name(gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_UP, bid), data_torch[ff_dim:])
+            return
+
+        yield (self.map_tensor_name(name), data_torch)
+
+
+@Model.register("ArcticForCausalLM")
+class ArcticModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.ARCTIC
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        # The reason for using a custom implementation here is that the
+        # snowflake-arctic-instruct model redefined tokens 31998 and 31999 from
+        # tokenizer.model and used them as BOS and EOS instead of adding new tokens.
+        from sentencepiece import SentencePieceProcessor
+
+        tokenizer_path = self.dir_model / 'tokenizer.model'
 
         if not tokenizer_path.is_file():
             logger.error(f'Error: Missing {tokenizer_path}')
@@ -2572,7 +2877,7 @@ class ArcticModel(Model):
 
         tokens: list[bytes] = [f"[PAD{i}]".encode("utf-8") for i in range(vocab_size)]
         scores: list[float] = [-10000.0] * vocab_size
-        toktypes: list[int] = [SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNKNOWN] * vocab_size
+        toktypes: list[int] = [SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED] * vocab_size
 
         for token_id in range(tokenizer.vocab_size()):
 
@@ -2605,7 +2910,7 @@ class ArcticModel(Model):
                     added_tokens_decoder = tokenizer_config_json["added_tokens_decoder"]
                     for token_id, token_json in added_tokens_decoder.items():
                         token_id = int(token_id)
-                        if (token_id >= vocab_size):
+                        if token_id >= vocab_size:
                             logger.debug(f'ignore token {token_id}: id is out of range, max={vocab_size - 1}')
                             continue
 
@@ -2689,8 +2994,8 @@ class ArcticModel(Model):
 
         return [(self.map_tensor_name(name), data_torch)]
 
-    def write_tensors(self):
-        super().write_tensors()
+    def prepare_tensors(self):
+        super().prepare_tensors()
 
         if self._experts is not None:
             # flatten `list[dict[str, Tensor]]` into `list[str]`
@@ -2699,6 +3004,499 @@ class ArcticModel(Model):
                 raise ValueError(f"Unprocessed experts: {experts}")
 
 
+@Model.register("DeepseekV2ForCausalLM")
+class DeepseekV2Model(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.DEEPSEEK2
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        self._set_vocab_gpt2()
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        hparams = self.hparams
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_leading_dense_block_count(hparams["first_k_dense_replace"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vocab_size(hparams["vocab_size"])
+        if "q_lora_rank" in hparams and hparams["q_lora_rank"] is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_q_lora_rank(hparams["q_lora_rank"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_kv_lora_rank(hparams["kv_lora_rank"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_key_length(hparams["qk_nope_head_dim"] + hparams["qk_rope_head_dim"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_value_length(hparams["v_head_dim"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_expert_feed_forward_length(hparams["moe_intermediate_size"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_expert_count(hparams["n_routed_experts"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_expert_shared_count(hparams["n_shared_experts"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_expert_weights_scale(hparams["routed_scaling_factor"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(hparams["qk_rope_head_dim"])
+
+        if self.hparams.get("rope_scaling") is not None and "factor" in self.hparams["rope_scaling"]:
+            if self.hparams["rope_scaling"].get("type") == "yarn":
+                self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_type(gguf.RopeScalingType.YARN)
+                self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_factor(self.hparams["rope_scaling"]["factor"])
+                self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_orig_ctx_len(self.hparams["rope_scaling"]["original_max_position_embeddings"])
+                self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_yarn_log_mul(0.1 * hparams["rope_scaling"]["mscale_all_dim"])
+
+    _experts: list[dict[str, Tensor]] | None = None
+
+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        # process the experts separately
+        if name.find("mlp.experts") != -1:
+            n_experts = self.hparams["n_routed_experts"]
+            assert bid is not None
+
+            if self._experts is None:
+                self._experts = [{} for _ in range(self.block_count)]
+
+            self._experts[bid][name] = data_torch
+
+            if len(self._experts[bid]) >= n_experts * 3:
+                tensors: list[tuple[str, Tensor]] = []
+
+                # merge the experts into a single 3d tensor
+                for w_name in ["down_proj", "gate_proj", "up_proj"]:
+                    datas: list[Tensor] = []
+
+                    for xid in range(n_experts):
+                        ename = f"model.layers.{bid}.mlp.experts.{xid}.{w_name}.weight"
+                        datas.append(self._experts[bid][ename])
+                        del self._experts[bid][ename]
+
+                    data_torch = torch.stack(datas, dim=0)
+
+                    merged_name = f"model.layers.{bid}.mlp.experts.{w_name}.weight"
+
+                    new_name = self.map_tensor_name(merged_name)
+
+                    tensors.append((new_name, data_torch))
+                return tensors
+            else:
+                return []
+
+        return [(self.map_tensor_name(name), data_torch)]
+
+    def prepare_tensors(self):
+        super().prepare_tensors()
+
+        if self._experts is not None:
+            # flatten `list[dict[str, Tensor]]` into `list[str]`
+            experts = [k for d in self._experts for k in d.keys()]
+            if len(experts) > 0:
+                raise ValueError(f"Unprocessed experts: {experts}")
+
+
+@Model.register("T5WithLMHeadModel")
+@Model.register("T5ForConditionalGeneration")
+@Model.register("MT5ForConditionalGeneration")
+@Model.register("UMT5ForConditionalGeneration")
+class T5Model(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.T5
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.shared_token_embeddings_found = False
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        # to avoid TypeError: Descriptors cannot be created directly
+        # exception when importing sentencepiece_model_pb2
+        os.environ["PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION"] = "python"
+        from sentencepiece import SentencePieceProcessor
+        from sentencepiece import sentencepiece_model_pb2 as model
+
+        tokenizer_path = self.dir_model / 'tokenizer.model'
+
+        # many older models use spiece.model tokenizer model filename
+        if not tokenizer_path.is_file():
+            tokenizer_path = self.dir_model / 'spiece.model'
+
+        if not tokenizer_path.is_file():
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"File not found: {tokenizer_path}")
+
+        sentencepiece_model = model.ModelProto()  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+        sentencepiece_model.ParseFromString(open(tokenizer_path, "rb").read())
+
+        # some models like Pile-T5 family use BPE tokenizer instead of Unigram
+        if sentencepiece_model.trainer_spec.model_type == 2:  # BPE
+            # assure the tokenizer model file name is correct
+            assert tokenizer_path.name == 'tokenizer.model'
+            return self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
+        else:
+            assert sentencepiece_model.trainer_spec.model_type == 1  # UNIGRAM
+
+        add_prefix = sentencepiece_model.normalizer_spec.add_dummy_prefix
+        remove_whitespaces = sentencepiece_model.normalizer_spec.remove_extra_whitespaces
+        precompiled_charsmap = sentencepiece_model.normalizer_spec.precompiled_charsmap
+
+        tokenizer = SentencePieceProcessor()
+        tokenizer.LoadFromFile(str(tokenizer_path))
+
+        vocab_size = self.hparams.get('vocab_size', tokenizer.vocab_size())
+
+        tokens: list[bytes] = [f"[PAD{i}]".encode("utf-8") for i in range(vocab_size)]
+        scores: list[float] = [-10000.0] * vocab_size
+        toktypes: list[int] = [SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED] * vocab_size
+
+        for token_id in range(tokenizer.vocab_size()):
+            piece = tokenizer.IdToPiece(token_id)
+            text = piece.encode("utf-8")
+            score = tokenizer.GetScore(token_id)
+
+            toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.NORMAL
+            if tokenizer.IsUnknown(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNKNOWN
+            elif tokenizer.IsControl(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.CONTROL
+            elif tokenizer.IsUnused(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED
+            elif tokenizer.IsByte(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.BYTE
+
+            tokens[token_id] = text
+            scores[token_id] = score
+            toktypes[token_id] = toktype
+
+        added_tokens_file = self.dir_model / 'added_tokens.json'
+        if added_tokens_file.is_file():
+            with open(added_tokens_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                added_tokens_json = json.load(f)
+                for key in added_tokens_json:
+                    token_id = added_tokens_json[key]
+                    if token_id >= vocab_size:
+                        logger.warning(f'ignore token {token_id}: id is out of range, max={vocab_size - 1}')
+                        continue
+
+                    tokens[token_id] = key.encode("utf-8")
+                    scores[token_id] = -1000.0
+                    toktypes[token_id] = SentencePieceTokenTypes.USER_DEFINED
+
+        if vocab_size > len(tokens):
+            pad_count = vocab_size - len(tokens)
+            logger.debug(f"Padding vocab with {pad_count} token(s) - [PAD1] through [PAD{pad_count}]")
+            for i in range(1, pad_count + 1):
+                tokens.append(bytes(f"[PAD{i}]", encoding="utf-8"))
+                scores.append(-1000.0)
+                toktypes.append(SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED)
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("t5")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre("default")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_scores(scores)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_add_space_prefix(add_prefix)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_remove_extra_whitespaces(remove_whitespaces)
+        if precompiled_charsmap:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_precompiled_charsmap(precompiled_charsmap)
+
+        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, n_vocab=len(tokens))
+        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_add_bos_token(False)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_add_eos_token(True)
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        if (n_ctx := self.find_hparam(["n_positions"], optional=True)) is None:
+            logger.warning("Couldn't find context length in config.json, assuming default value of 512")
+            n_ctx = 512
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(n_ctx)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["d_model"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(self.hparams["d_ff"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.hparams["num_layers"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(self.hparams["num_heads"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_key_length(self.hparams["d_kv"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_value_length(self.hparams["d_kv"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(self.hparams["layer_norm_epsilon"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_relative_attn_buckets_count(self.hparams["relative_attention_num_buckets"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(self.hparams["layer_norm_epsilon"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_decoder_start_token_id(self.hparams["decoder_start_token_id"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+
+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        del bid  # unused
+
+        # T5 based models contain shared token embeddings tensors saved randomly as either "encoder.embed_tokens.weight",
+        # "decoder.embed_tokens.weight" or "shared.weight" tensor. In some models there are even multiple of them stored
+        # in the safetensors files. We use the first tensor from these three as the token embeddings for both encoder
+        # and decoder and ignore the remaining ones.
+        if name in ["decoder.embed_tokens.weight", "encoder.embed_tokens.weight", "shared.weight"]:
+            if not self.shared_token_embeddings_found:
+                name = "shared.weight"
+                self.shared_token_embeddings_found = True
+            else:
+                logger.debug(f"Skipping shared tensor {name!r} in safetensors so that convert can end normally.")
+                return []
+
+        return [(self.map_tensor_name(name), data_torch)]
+
+
+@Model.register("JAISLMHeadModel")
+class JaisModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.JAIS
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # SwigLU activation
+        assert self.hparams["activation_function"] == "swiglu"
+        # ALiBi position embedding
+        assert self.hparams["position_embedding_type"] == "alibi"
+
+        # Embeddings scale
+        self.embeddings_scale = 1.0
+        # note: For some JAIS flavors, output is tied to (same as) wte in original model
+        self.output_is_wte = False
+        if 'mup_embeddings_scale' in self.hparams:
+            self.output_is_wte = True   # Hack (?)
+            self.embeddings_scale = self.hparams['mup_embeddings_scale']
+        elif 'embeddings_scale' in self.hparams:
+            self.embeddings_scale = self.hparams['embeddings_scale']
+        else:
+            assert False
+
+        self.width_scale = 1.0
+        if 'mup_output_alpha' in self.hparams:
+            assert 'mup_width_scale' in self.hparams
+            self.width_scale = self.hparams['mup_output_alpha'] * self.hparams['mup_width_scale']
+        elif 'width_scale' in self.hparams:
+            self.width_scale = self.hparams['width_scale']
+        else:
+            assert False
+
+        self.max_alibi_bias = 8.0
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        self._set_vocab_gpt2()
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.hparams["n_layer"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["n_positions"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["n_embd"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(self.hparams["n_inner"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(self.hparams["n_head"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(self.hparams["layer_norm_epsilon"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+
+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        del bid  # unused
+
+        tensors: list[tuple[str, Tensor]] = []
+
+        # we don't need these
+        if name.endswith((".attn.bias")):
+            return tensors
+
+        if name.endswith(("relative_pe.slopes")):
+            # Calculate max ALiBi bias (this is the inverse of the ALiBi calculation)
+            # Some other models has max_alibi_bias spelled out explicitly in the hyperparams,
+            # but Jais's PyTorch model simply precalculates the slope values and places them
+            # in relative_pes.slopes
+            n_head_closest_log2 = 2 ** math.floor(math.log2(self.hparams["n_head"]))
+            first_val = float(data_torch[0].item())
+            self.max_alibi_bias = -round(math.log2(first_val) * n_head_closest_log2)
+
+            return tensors
+
+        if name.endswith((".c_attn.weight", ".c_proj.weight", ".c_fc.weight", ".c_fc2.weight")):
+            data_torch = data_torch.transpose(1, 0)
+
+        new_name = self.map_tensor_name(name)
+
+        if new_name == self.format_tensor_name(gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.TOKEN_EMBD):
+            tensors.append((new_name, data_torch * self.embeddings_scale))
+            if self.output_is_wte:
+                tensors.append((self.format_tensor_name(gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.OUTPUT), data_torch * self.width_scale))
+        elif new_name == self.format_tensor_name(gguf.MODEL_TENSOR.OUTPUT):
+            assert not self.output_is_wte
+            tensors.append((new_name, data_torch * self.width_scale))
+        else:
+            tensors.append((new_name, data_torch))
+
+        return tensors
+
+    def prepare_tensors(self):
+        super().prepare_tensors()
+        self.gguf_writer.add_max_alibi_bias(self.max_alibi_bias)
+
+
+@Model.register("ChatGLMModel", "ChatGLMForConditionalGeneration")
+class ChatGLMModel(Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.CHATGLM
+
+    def set_vocab_chatglm3(self):
+        dir_model = self.dir_model
+        hparams = self.hparams
+        tokens: list[bytes] = []
+        toktypes: list[int] = []
+        scores: list[float] = []
+
+        from transformers import AutoTokenizer
+        tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(dir_model, trust_remote_code=True)
+        vocab_size = hparams.get("padded_vocab_size", len(tokenizer.get_vocab()))
+        assert max(tokenizer.get_vocab().values()) < vocab_size
+        role_special_tokens = ["<|system|>", "<|user|>", "<|assistant|>", "<|observation|>"]
+        special_tokens = ["[MASK]", "[gMASK]", "[sMASK]", "sop", "eop"] + role_special_tokens
+        for token_id in range(vocab_size):
+            piece = tokenizer._convert_id_to_token(token_id)
+            if token_id == 0:
+                piece = "<unk>"
+            elif token_id == 1:
+                piece = "<bos>"
+            elif token_id == 2:
+                piece = "<eos>"
+
+            text = piece.encode("utf-8")
+            score = 0.0
+            # Referencing the tokenizer Python implementation(https://huggingface.co/THUDM/chatglm3-6b/blob/main/tokenization_chatglm.py),
+            # it is only valid if it is less than tokenizer.tokenizer.sp_model.vocab_size()
+            if len(piece) != 0 and token_id < tokenizer.tokenizer.sp_model.vocab_size():
+                score = tokenizer.tokenizer.sp_model.get_score(token_id)
+
+            if token_id >= tokenizer.tokenizer.sp_model.vocab_size():
+                if piece in special_tokens:
+                    toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.CONTROL
+                elif len(piece) == 0:
+                    text = f"[PAD{token_id}]".encode("utf-8")
+                    toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED
+                else:
+                    toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.USER_DEFINED
+                tokens.append(text)
+                scores.append(score)
+                toktypes.append(toktype)
+                continue
+
+            toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.NORMAL
+            if tokenizer.tokenizer.sp_model.is_unknown(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNKNOWN
+            elif tokenizer.tokenizer.sp_model.is_control(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.CONTROL
+            elif tokenizer.tokenizer.sp_model.is_unused(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED
+            elif tokenizer.tokenizer.sp_model.is_byte(token_id):
+                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.BYTE
+
+            tokens.append(text)
+            scores.append(score)
+            toktypes.append(toktype)
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("llama")
+        # glm3 needs prefix and suffix formatted as:
+        # prompt = "[gMASK]sop<|user|>\n" + prompt + "<|assistant|>"
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre("chatglm-spm")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_scores(scores)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
+
+        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, n_vocab=len(tokens))
+        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def token_bytes_to_string(b):
+        from transformers.models.gpt2.tokenization_gpt2 import bytes_to_unicode
+        byte_encoder = bytes_to_unicode()
+        return ''.join([byte_encoder[ord(char)] for char in b.decode('latin-1')])
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def bpe(mergeable_ranks: dict[bytes, int], token: bytes, max_rank: int | None = None) -> list[bytes]:
+        parts = [bytes([b]) for b in token]
+        while True:
+            min_idx = None
+            min_rank = None
+            for i, pair in enumerate(zip(parts[:-1], parts[1:])):
+                rank = mergeable_ranks.get(pair[0] + pair[1])
+                if rank is not None and (min_rank is None or rank < min_rank):
+                    min_idx = i
+                    min_rank = rank
+            if min_rank is None or (max_rank is not None and min_rank >= max_rank):
+                break
+            assert min_idx is not None
+            parts = parts[:min_idx] + [parts[min_idx] + parts[min_idx + 1]] + parts[min_idx + 2:]
+        return parts
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        if "THUDM/chatglm3-6b" in self.hparams.get("_name_or_path", ""):
+            self.set_vocab_chatglm3()
+            return
+
+        dir_model = self.dir_model
+        hparams = self.hparams
+        tokens: list[str] = []
+        toktypes: list[int] = []
+
+        from transformers import AutoTokenizer
+        tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(dir_model, trust_remote_code=True)
+        vocab_size = hparams["padded_vocab_size"]
+        assert max(tokenizer.get_vocab().values()) < vocab_size
+
+        tokpre = self.get_vocab_base_pre(tokenizer)
+
+        merges = []
+        vocab = {}
+        mergeable_ranks = tokenizer.mergeable_ranks
+        for token, rank in mergeable_ranks.items():
+            vocab[ChatGLMModel.token_bytes_to_string(token)] = rank
+            if len(token) == 1:
+                continue
+            merged = ChatGLMModel.bpe(mergeable_ranks, token, max_rank=rank)
+            assert len(merged) >= 2 and len(merged) <= 7
+            merges.append(' '.join(map(ChatGLMModel.token_bytes_to_string, merged)))
+
+        # for this kind of tokenizer, added_vocab is not a subset of vocab, so they need to be combined
+        added_vocab = tokenizer.get_added_vocab()
+        reverse_vocab = {id_ : encoded_tok for encoded_tok, id_ in {**vocab, **added_vocab}.items()}
+
+        for i in range(vocab_size):
+            if i not in reverse_vocab:
+                tokens.append(f"[PAD{i}]")
+                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.UNUSED)
+            elif reverse_vocab[i] in added_vocab:
+                tokens.append(reverse_vocab[i])
+                if tokenizer.added_tokens_decoder[i].special:
+                    toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.CONTROL)
+                else:
+                    toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.USER_DEFINED)
+            else:
+                tokens.append(reverse_vocab[i])
+                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.NORMAL)
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("gpt2")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre(tokpre)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
+
+        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(dir_model, load_merges=False)
+        special_vocab.merges = merges
+        # only add special tokens when they were not already loaded from config.json
+        special_vocab._set_special_token("eos", tokenizer.get_added_vocab()["<|endoftext|>"])
+        special_vocab._set_special_token("eot", tokenizer.get_added_vocab()["<|user|>"])
+        # this one is usually not in config.json anyway
+        special_vocab._set_special_token("unk", tokenizer.get_added_vocab()["<|endoftext|>"])
+        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        n_embed = self.hparams.get("hidden_size", self.hparams.get("n_embed"))
+        n_head = self.hparams.get("n_head", self.hparams.get("num_attention_heads"))
+        n_head_kv = self.hparams.get("multi_query_group_num", n_head)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams.get("seq_length", n_embed))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(n_embed)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(self.hparams.get("ffn_hidden_size", 4 * n_embed))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.hparams["num_layers"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(n_head)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(n_head_kv)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(self.hparams["layernorm_epsilon"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(64)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_add_bos_token(False)
+        rope_freq = 10000
+        if "rope_ratio" in self.hparams:
+            rope_freq = rope_freq * self.hparams["rope_ratio"]
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_freq_base(rope_freq)
+
+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        del bid  # unused
+
+        if name.endswith(".rotary_pos_emb.inv_freq"):
+            return []
+
+        name = name.removeprefix("transformer.")
+        return [(self.map_tensor_name(name), data_torch)]
+
 ###### CONVERSION LOGIC ######
 
 
@@ -2715,19 +3513,46 @@ class LazyTorchTensor(gguf.LazyBase):
         torch.float32: np.float32,
     }
 
+    # used for safetensors slices
+    # ref: https://github.com/huggingface/safetensors/blob/079781fd0dc455ba0fe851e2b4507c33d0c0d407/bindings/python/src/lib.rs#L1046
+    # TODO: uncomment U64, U32, and U16, ref: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/58734
+    _dtype_str_map: dict[str, torch.dtype] = {
+        "F64": torch.float64,
+        "F32": torch.float32,
+        "BF16": torch.bfloat16,
+        "F16": torch.float16,
+        # "U64": torch.uint64,
+        "I64": torch.int64,
+        # "U32": torch.uint32,
+        "I32": torch.int32,
+        # "U16": torch.uint16,
+        "I16": torch.int16,
+        "U8": torch.uint8,
+        "I8": torch.int8,
+        "BOOL": torch.bool,
+        "F8_E4M3": torch.float8_e4m3fn,
+        "F8_E5M2": torch.float8_e5m2,
+    }
+
     def numpy(self) -> gguf.LazyNumpyTensor:
         dtype = self._dtype_map[self.dtype]
         return gguf.LazyNumpyTensor(
             meta=gguf.LazyNumpyTensor.meta_with_dtype_and_shape(dtype, self.shape),
-            lazy=self._lazy,
             args=(self,),
-            func=(lambda s: s[0].numpy())
+            func=(lambda s: s.numpy())
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def meta_with_dtype_and_shape(cls, dtype: torch.dtype, shape: torch.Size) -> Tensor:
+    def meta_with_dtype_and_shape(cls, dtype: torch.dtype, shape: tuple[int, ...]) -> Tensor:
         return torch.empty(size=shape, dtype=dtype, device="meta")
 
+    @classmethod
+    def from_safetensors_slice(cls, st_slice: Any) -> Tensor:
+        dtype = cls._dtype_str_map[st_slice.get_dtype()]
+        shape: tuple[int, ...] = tuple(st_slice.get_shape())
+        lazy = cls(meta=cls.meta_with_dtype_and_shape(dtype, shape), args=(st_slice,), func=lambda s: s[:])
+        return cast(torch.Tensor, lazy)
+
     @classmethod
     def __torch_function__(cls, func, types, args=(), kwargs=None):
         del types  # unused
@@ -2738,7 +3563,7 @@ class LazyTorchTensor(gguf.LazyBase):
         if func is torch.Tensor.numpy:
             return args[0].numpy()
 
-        return LazyTorchTensor._wrap_fn(func)(*args, **kwargs)
+        return cls._wrap_fn(func)(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
 def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
@@ -2748,10 +3573,6 @@ def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
         "--vocab-only", action="store_true",
         help="extract only the vocab",
     )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--awq-path", type=Path, default=None,
-        help="Path to scale awq cache file",
-    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--outfile", type=Path,
         help="path to write to; default: based on input. {ftype} will be replaced by the outtype.",
@@ -2784,30 +3605,58 @@ def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
         "--verbose", action="store_true",
         help="increase output verbosity",
     )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--split-max-tensors", type=int, default=0,
+        help="max tensors in each split",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--split-max-size", type=str, default="0",
+        help="max size per split N(M|G)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--dry-run", action="store_true",
+        help="only print out a split plan and exit, without writing any new files",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--no-tensor-first-split", action="store_true",
+        help="do not add tensors to the first split (disabled by default)"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--metadata", type=Path,
+        help="Specify the path for an authorship metadata override file"
+    )
 
     return parser.parse_args()
 
 
+def split_str_to_n_bytes(split_str: str) -> int:
+    if split_str.endswith("K"):
+        n = int(split_str[:-1]) * 1000
+    elif split_str.endswith("M"):
+        n = int(split_str[:-1]) * 1000 * 1000
+    elif split_str.endswith("G"):
+        n = int(split_str[:-1]) * 1000 * 1000 * 1000
+    elif split_str.isnumeric():
+        n = int(split_str)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid split size: {split_str}, must be a number, optionally followed by K, M, or G")
+
+    if n < 0:
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid split size: {split_str}, must be positive")
+
+    return n
+
+
 def main() -> None:
     args = parse_args()
 
-    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG if args.verbose else logging.INFO)
+    if args.verbose:
+        logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
+    else:
+        logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
 
     dir_model = args.model
 
-    if args.awq_path:
-        sys.path.insert(1, str(Path(__file__).parent / 'awq-py'))
-        from awq.apply_awq import add_scale_weights  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
-        tmp_model_path = args.model / "weighted_model"
-        dir_model = tmp_model_path
-        if tmp_model_path.is_dir():
-            logger.info(f"{tmp_model_path} exists as a weighted model.")
-        else:
-            tmp_model_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-            logger.info("Saving new weighted model ...")
-            add_scale_weights(str(args.model), str(args.awq_path), str(tmp_model_path))
-            logger.info(f"Saved weighted model at {tmp_model_path}.")
-
     if not dir_model.is_dir():
         logger.error(f'Error: {args.model} is not a directory')
         sys.exit(1)
@@ -2820,36 +3669,47 @@ def main() -> None:
         "auto": gguf.LlamaFileType.GUESSED,
     }
 
+    is_split = args.split_max_tensors > 0 or args.split_max_size != "0"
+    if args.use_temp_file and is_split:
+        logger.error("Error: Cannot use temp file when splitting")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
     if args.outfile is not None:
         fname_out = args.outfile
     else:
-        # output in the same directory as the model by default
-        fname_out = dir_model / 'ggml-model-{ftype}.gguf'
+        fname_out = dir_model
 
     logger.info(f"Loading model: {dir_model.name}")
 
     hparams = Model.load_hparams(dir_model)
 
     with torch.inference_mode():
-        model_class = Model.from_model_architecture(hparams["architectures"][0])
-        model_instance = model_class(dir_model, ftype_map[args.outtype], fname_out, args.bigendian, args.use_temp_file, args.no_lazy)
+        output_type = ftype_map[args.outtype]
+        model_architecture = hparams["architectures"][0]
 
-        logger.info("Set model parameters")
-        model_instance.set_gguf_parameters()
-
-        logger.info("Set model tokenizer")
-        model_instance.set_vocab()
+        try:
+            model_class = Model.from_model_architecture(model_architecture)
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            logger.error(f"Model {model_architecture} is not supported")
+            sys.exit(1)
 
-        model_instance.gguf_writer.add_quantization_version(gguf.GGML_QUANT_VERSION)
+        model_instance = model_class(dir_model=dir_model, ftype=output_type, fname_out=fname_out,
+                                     is_big_endian=args.bigendian, use_temp_file=args.use_temp_file,
+                                     eager=args.no_lazy,
+                                     metadata_override=args.metadata, model_name=args.model_name,
+                                     split_max_tensors=args.split_max_tensors,
+                                     split_max_size=split_str_to_n_bytes(args.split_max_size), dry_run=args.dry_run,
+                                     small_first_shard=args.no_tensor_first_split)
 
         if args.vocab_only:
-            logger.info(f"Exporting model vocab to '{model_instance.fname_out}'")
+            logger.info("Exporting model vocab...")
             model_instance.write_vocab()
+            logger.info(f"Model vocab successfully exported to {model_instance.fname_out}")
         else:
-            logger.info(f"Exporting model to '{model_instance.fname_out}'")
+            logger.info("Exporting model...")
             model_instance.write()
-
-        logger.info(f"Model successfully exported to '{model_instance.fname_out}'")
+            out_path = f"{model_instance.fname_out.parent}{os.sep}" if is_split else model_instance.fname_out
+            logger.info(f"Model successfully exported to {out_path}")
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':