biblicus 0.16.0__py3-none-any.whl → 1.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

biblicus/context_engine/assembler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1090 @@
+"""
+Context assembly utilities for the Biblicus Context Engine.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from string import Formatter
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Optional
+
+from biblicus.context import ContextPack, ContextPackBlock
+from biblicus.context_engine.compaction import CompactionRequest, TruncateCompactor, build_compactor
+from biblicus.context_engine.models import (
+    AssistantMessageSpec,
+    ContextDeclaration,
+    ContextInsertSpec,
+    ContextMessageSpec,
+    ContextPolicySpec,
+    ContextRetrieverRequest,
+    HistoryInsertSpec,
+    SystemMessageSpec,
+    UserMessageSpec,
+)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ContextAssemblyResult:
+    """
+    Assembled prompt context for a single agent turn.
+
+    :ivar system_prompt: System prompt content.
+    :vartype system_prompt: str
+    :ivar history: Message history for the turn.
+    :vartype history: list[dict[str, Any]]
+    :ivar user_message: User message content.
+    :vartype user_message: str
+    :ivar token_count: Estimated token count for assembled content.
+    :vartype token_count: int
+    """
+
+    system_prompt: str
+    history: list[dict[str, Any]]
+    user_message: str
+    token_count: int = 0
+
+
+class ContextAssembler:
+    """
+    Assemble Context declarations into system prompts, history, and user messages.
+
+    :param context_registry: Context declarations indexed by name.
+    :type context_registry: dict[str, ContextDeclaration]
+    :param retriever_registry: Retriever declarations indexed by name.
+    :type retriever_registry: dict[str, Any] or None
+    :param corpus_registry: Corpus declarations indexed by name.
+    :type corpus_registry: dict[str, Any] or None
+    :param compactor_registry: Compactor declarations indexed by name.
+    :type compactor_registry: dict[str, Any] or None
+    :param default_retriever: Default retriever callable when no override is supplied.
+    :type default_retriever: callable or None
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        context_registry: dict[str, ContextDeclaration],
+        retriever_registry: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        corpus_registry: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        compactor_registry: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        default_retriever: Optional[Any] = None,
+    ):
+        self._context_registry = context_registry
+        self._retriever_registry = retriever_registry or {}
+        self._corpus_registry = corpus_registry or {}
+        self._compactor_registry = compactor_registry or {}
+        self._default_retriever = default_retriever
+
+    def assemble(
+        self,
+        context_name: str,
+        base_system_prompt: str,
+        history_messages: list[dict[str, Any]],
+        user_message: Optional[str],
+        template_context: dict[str, Any],
+        retriever_override: Optional[Any] = None,
+    ) -> ContextAssemblyResult:
+        """
+        Assemble a Context declaration into prompt components.
+
+        :param context_name: Name of the Context declaration.
+        :type context_name: str
+        :param base_system_prompt: Default system prompt from agent config.
+        :type base_system_prompt: str
+        :param history_messages: Current agent history messages.
+        :type history_messages: list[dict[str, Any]]
+        :param user_message: Current user message for this turn.
+        :type user_message: str or None
+        :param template_context: Template variables for resolution.
+        :type template_context: dict[str, Any]
+        :param retriever_override: Optional retriever override callable.
+        :type retriever_override: callable or None
+        :return: Assembled prompt components.
+        :rtype: ContextAssemblyResult
+        :raises ValueError: If the context declaration is not found.
+        """
+        if context_name not in self._context_registry:
+            raise ValueError(f"Context '{context_name}' not defined")
+
+        context_spec = self._context_registry[context_name]
+        if context_spec.messages is None:
+            return self._assemble_default_with_regeneration(
+                context_spec,
+                base_system_prompt,
+                history_messages,
+                user_message or "",
+                template_context,
+                retriever_override,
+            )
+
+        return self._assemble_explicit_with_regeneration(
+            context_spec,
+            history_messages,
+            user_message or "",
+            template_context,
+            retriever_override,
+        )
+
+    def _assemble_default(
+        self,
+        context_spec: ContextDeclaration,
+        base_system_prompt: str,
+        history_messages: list[dict[str, Any]],
+        user_message: str,
+        template_context: dict[str, Any],
+        total_budget_override: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> ContextAssemblyResult:
+        """Assemble the default Context plan when messages are omitted."""
+        system_prompt = base_system_prompt or ""
+        pack_outputs = []
+        pack_entries = context_spec.packs or []
+        pack_budgets = self._allocate_default_pack_budgets(
+            pack_entries, context_spec.policy, total_budget_override
+        )
+        for pack_entry in pack_entries:
+            pack_outputs.append(
+                self._render_pack(
+                    pack_entry.name,
+                    template_context,
+                    retriever_override=None,
+                    pack_budget=pack_budgets.get(pack_entry.name),
+                    policy=context_spec.policy,
+                    weight=pack_entry.weight,
+                )
+            )
+
+        if pack_outputs:
+            system_prompt = self._join_nonempty([system_prompt, *pack_outputs])
+
+        compacted_prompt, history_messages, user_message, token_count, compacted = (
+            self._apply_context_budget(
+                system_prompt,
+                history_messages,
+                user_message,
+                context_spec.policy,
+            )
+        )
+        return ContextAssemblyResult(
+            system_prompt=compacted_prompt,
+            history=history_messages,
+            user_message=user_message,
+            token_count=token_count,
+        )
+
+    def _assemble_default_with_regeneration(
+        self,
+        context_spec: ContextDeclaration,
+        base_system_prompt: str,
+        history_messages: list[dict[str, Any]],
+        user_message: str,
+        template_context: dict[str, Any],
+        retriever_override: Optional[Any],
+        total_budget_override: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> ContextAssemblyResult:
+        max_iterations = 2
+        if context_spec.policy and getattr(context_spec.policy, "max_iterations", None):
+            max_iterations = max(1, int(context_spec.policy.max_iterations))
+
+        pack_scale = 1.0
+        last_result: Optional[ContextAssemblyResult] = None
+        for _iteration in range(max_iterations):
+            system_prompt = base_system_prompt or ""
+            pack_outputs = []
+            pack_entries = context_spec.packs or []
+            pack_budgets = self._allocate_default_pack_budgets(
+                pack_entries, context_spec.policy, total_budget_override
+            )
+            for pack_entry in pack_entries:
+                pack_outputs.append(
+                    self._render_pack(
+                        pack_entry.name,
+                        template_context,
+                        retriever_override,
+                        pack_budget=pack_budgets.get(pack_entry.name),
+                        policy=context_spec.policy,
+                        tighten_pack_budget=pack_scale < 1.0,
+                        weight=pack_entry.weight,
+                    )
+                )
+
+            if pack_outputs:
+                system_prompt = self._join_nonempty([system_prompt, *pack_outputs])
+
+            compacted_prompt, history_messages, user_message, token_count, compacted = (
+                self._apply_context_budget(
+                    system_prompt,
+                    history_messages,
+                    user_message,
+                    context_spec.policy,
+                )
+            )
+
+            last_result = ContextAssemblyResult(
+                system_prompt=compacted_prompt,
+                history=history_messages,
+                user_message=user_message,
+                token_count=token_count,
+            )
+
+            if not compacted or not context_spec.policy:
+                break
+            if getattr(context_spec.policy, "overflow", None) != "compact":
+                break
+            pack_scale *= 0.5
+
+        return last_result or ContextAssemblyResult(
+            system_prompt="",
+            history=history_messages,
+            user_message=user_message,
+            token_count=0,
+        )
+
+    def _assemble_explicit_with_regeneration(
+        self,
+        context_spec: ContextDeclaration,
+        history_messages: list[dict[str, Any]],
+        user_message: str,
+        template_context: dict[str, Any],
+        retriever_override: Optional[Any],
+    ) -> ContextAssemblyResult:
+        """Assemble explicit Context message directives with regeneration loop."""
+        max_iterations = 2
+        if context_spec.policy and getattr(context_spec.policy, "max_iterations", None):
+            max_iterations = max(1, int(context_spec.policy.max_iterations))
+
+        pack_scale = 1.0
+        last_result: Optional[ContextAssemblyResult] = None
+        for _iteration in range(max_iterations):
+            total_pack_budget = self._resolve_default_pack_total_budget(context_spec.policy)
+            if total_pack_budget is not None and pack_scale < 1.0:
+                total_pack_budget = max(1, int(total_pack_budget * pack_scale))
+
+            assembled_messages = self._build_messages(
+                context_spec,
+                history_messages,
+                template_context,
+                retriever_override,
+                context_spec.policy,
+                tighten_pack_budget=pack_scale < 1.0,
+                total_pack_budget_override=total_pack_budget,
+            )
+
+            system_messages, remaining_messages = self._split_leading_system(assembled_messages)
+            system_prompt = self._join_nonempty([m["content"] for m in system_messages])
+            resolved_user_message, remaining_messages = self._extract_user_message(
+                remaining_messages, user_message
+            )
+
+            compacted_prompt, remaining_messages, resolved_user_message, token_count, compacted = (
+                self._apply_context_budget(
+                    system_prompt,
+                    remaining_messages,
+                    resolved_user_message,
+                    context_spec.policy,
+                )
+            )
+
+            last_result = ContextAssemblyResult(
+                system_prompt=compacted_prompt,
+                history=remaining_messages,
+                user_message=resolved_user_message,
+                token_count=token_count,
+            )
+
+            if not compacted or not context_spec.policy:
+                break
+            if getattr(context_spec.policy, "overflow", None) != "compact":
+                break
+            pack_scale *= 0.5
+
+        return last_result or ContextAssemblyResult(
+            system_prompt="",
+            history=[],
+            user_message=user_message,
+            token_count=0,
+        )
+
+    def _resolve_message_content(
+        self,
+        directive: SystemMessageSpec | UserMessageSpec | AssistantMessageSpec,
+        template_context,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Resolve message content or templates."""
+        if directive.content is not None:
+            return directive.content
+        return self._resolve_template(directive.template or "", directive.vars, template_context)
+
+    def _resolve_template(
+        self, template_text: str, vars_dict: dict[str, Any], template_context: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> str:
+        """Resolve dot-notation templates with context variables."""
+        if not template_text:
+            return template_text
+
+        class DotFormatter(Formatter):
+            def get_field(self, field_name, args, kwargs):
+                path_parts = field_name.split(".")
+                current_value = kwargs
+                for part in path_parts:
+                    if isinstance(current_value, dict):
+                        current_value = current_value.get(part, "")
+                    else:
+                        current_value = getattr(current_value, part, "")
+                return current_value, field_name
+
+        merged_context = dict(template_context)
+        for key, value in (vars_dict or {}).items():
+            merged_context[key] = value
+
+        formatter = DotFormatter()
+        return formatter.format(template_text, **merged_context)
+
+    def _render_pack(
+        self,
+        pack_name: str,
+        template_context: dict[str, Any],
+        retriever_override: Optional[Any],
+        pack_budget: Optional[Any],
+        policy: Optional[ContextPolicySpec],
+        tighten_pack_budget: bool = False,
+        weight: Optional[float] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Render a context pack by name."""
+        if pack_name in self._context_registry:
+            nested_context = self._context_registry[pack_name]
+            return self._render_nested_context_pack(
+                nested_context,
+                template_context,
+                pack_budget,
+                policy,
+                tighten_pack_budget,
+                retriever_override,
+            )
+        if pack_name in self._retriever_registry:
+            return self._render_retriever_pack(
+                pack_name,
+                template_context,
+                retriever_override,
+                pack_budget,
+                policy,
+                tighten_pack_budget,
+                weight,
+            )
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            f"Context pack '{pack_name}' is not available. Only Context or retriever packs are supported."
+        )
+
+    def _render_retriever_pack(
+        self,
+        retriever_name: str,
+        template_context: dict[str, Any],
+        retriever_override: Optional[Any],
+        pack_budget: Optional[Any],
+        policy: Optional[ContextPolicySpec],
+        tighten_pack_budget: bool,
+        weight: Optional[float] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Render a retriever pack for the given retriever."""
+        retriever_spec = self._retriever_registry[retriever_name]
+        config = retriever_spec.config if hasattr(retriever_spec, "config") else {}
+        query_template = config.get("query") if isinstance(config, dict) else None
+        query = ""
+        if isinstance(query_template, str):
+            query = self._resolve_template(query_template, {}, template_context)
+        if not query:
+            input_context = template_context.get("input", {})
+            query = input_context.get("query", "") or input_context.get("message", "")
+
+        split = "train"
+        maximum_cache_total_items = None
+        maximum_cache_total_characters = None
+        limit = 3
+        offset = 0
+        maximum_total_characters = None
+        maximum_items_per_source = None
+        include_metadata = False
+        metadata_fields = None
+        retriever_id = None
+        corpus_root = None
+        snapshot_id = None
+        configuration_name = None
+        configuration = None
+        corpus_name = getattr(retriever_spec, "corpus", None)
+        join_with = "\n\n"
+        pipeline_config = None
+        query_config = None
+
+        if isinstance(config, dict):
+            split = config.get("split", split)
+            limit = config.get("limit", limit)
+            offset = config.get("offset", offset)
+            maximum_total_characters = config.get(
+                "maximum_total_characters", maximum_total_characters
+            )
+            maximum_items_per_source = config.get(
+                "maximum_items_per_source",
+                config.get("max_items_per_source", maximum_items_per_source),
+            )
+            include_metadata = config.get("include_metadata", include_metadata)
+            metadata_fields = config.get("metadata_fields", metadata_fields)
+            retriever_id = config.get("retriever_id", retriever_id)
+            snapshot_id = config.get("snapshot_id", snapshot_id)
+            configuration_name = config.get("configuration_name", configuration_name)
+            if isinstance(config.get("configuration"), dict):
+                configuration = config.get("configuration")
+            corpus_name = config.get("corpus", corpus_name)
+            join_with = config.get("join_with", join_with)
+            if isinstance(configuration, dict):
+                pipeline_config = configuration.get("pipeline")
+            if not isinstance(pipeline_config, dict) and isinstance(config.get("pipeline"), dict):
+                pipeline_config = config.get("pipeline")
+            if isinstance(pipeline_config, dict):
+                if isinstance(pipeline_config.get("query"), dict):
+                    query_config = pipeline_config.get("query") or {}
+                if configuration is None and isinstance(pipeline_config.get("index"), dict):
+                    configuration = pipeline_config.get("index") or {}
+            if configuration is None and isinstance(config.get("index"), dict):
+                configuration = config.get("index") or {}
+            if configuration is None and isinstance(pipeline_config, dict):
+                configuration = pipeline_config.get("index") or {}
+        if corpus_name and corpus_name in self._corpus_registry:
+            corpus_spec = self._corpus_registry[corpus_name]
+            corpus_config = corpus_spec.config if hasattr(corpus_spec, "config") else {}
+            if isinstance(corpus_config, dict):
+                split = corpus_config.get("split", split)
+                maximum_cache_total_items = corpus_config.get(
+                    "maximum_cache_total_items", maximum_cache_total_items
+                )
+                maximum_cache_total_characters = corpus_config.get(
+                    "maximum_cache_total_characters", maximum_cache_total_characters
+                )
+                corpus_root = corpus_config.get(
+                    "corpus_root",
+                    corpus_config.get("root", corpus_root),
+                )
+        if query_config:
+            if "limit" in query_config:
+                limit = query_config.get("limit", limit)
+            if "offset" in query_config:
+                offset = query_config.get("offset", offset)
+            if "maximum_total_characters" in query_config:
+                maximum_total_characters = query_config.get(
+                    "maximum_total_characters", maximum_total_characters
+                )
+            if "maximum_items_per_source" in query_config:
+                maximum_items_per_source = query_config.get(
+                    "maximum_items_per_source",
+                    maximum_items_per_source,
+                )
+            if "max_items_per_source" in query_config and maximum_items_per_source is None:
+                maximum_items_per_source = query_config.get("max_items_per_source")
+            if "include_metadata" in query_config:
+                include_metadata = query_config.get("include_metadata", include_metadata)
+            if "metadata_fields" in query_config:
+                metadata_fields = query_config.get("metadata_fields", metadata_fields)
+            if "join_with" in query_config:
+                join_with = query_config.get("join_with", join_with)
+
+        allocated_tokens = self._allocate_pack_budget(pack_budget, policy, weight)
+        if allocated_tokens is not None:
+            derived_chars = int(allocated_tokens) * 4
+            if maximum_total_characters is None:
+                maximum_total_characters = derived_chars
+            else:
+                maximum_total_characters = min(maximum_total_characters, derived_chars)
+
+        if tighten_pack_budget:
+            if maximum_total_characters is not None:
+                maximum_total_characters = max(1, int(maximum_total_characters * 0.5))
+            limit = max(1, int(limit * 0.5))
+
+        retriever_fn = retriever_override or self._default_retriever
+        if retriever_fn is None:
+            raise ValueError("No retriever override or default retriever configured")
+
+        request = ContextRetrieverRequest(
+            query=query,
+            offset=offset,
+            limit=limit,
+            maximum_total_characters=maximum_total_characters,
+            max_tokens=allocated_tokens,
+            metadata={
+                "retriever": retriever_name,
+                "corpus": corpus_name,
+                "split": split,
+                "maximum_cache_total_items": maximum_cache_total_items,
+                "maximum_cache_total_characters": maximum_cache_total_characters,
+                "maximum_items_per_source": maximum_items_per_source,
+                "include_metadata": include_metadata,
+                "metadata_fields": metadata_fields,
+                "retriever_id": retriever_id,
+                "corpus_root": corpus_root,
+                "snapshot_id": snapshot_id,
+                "configuration_name": configuration_name,
+                "configuration": configuration,
+            },
+        )
+        context_pack = self._retrieve_with_expansion(
+            retriever_fn,
+            request,
+            policy,
+            join_with,
+            allocated_tokens,
+        )
+        return context_pack.text
+
+    def _retrieve_with_expansion(
+        self,
+        retriever_fn: Any,
+        request: ContextRetrieverRequest,
+        policy: Optional[ContextPolicySpec],
+        join_with: str,
+        target_tokens: Optional[int],
+    ) -> ContextPack:
+        packs: list[ContextPack] = []
+        expansion = policy.expansion if policy else None
+        max_pages = 1
+        min_fill_ratio = None
+        if expansion is not None:
+            max_pages = max(1, expansion.max_pages)
+            min_fill_ratio = expansion.min_fill_ratio
+
+        current_request = request
+        for page_index in range(max_pages):
+            response_pack = retriever_fn(current_request)
+            if response_pack is None:
+                break
+            packs.append(response_pack)
+
+            if max_pages <= 1 or target_tokens is None:
+                break
+            if response_pack.evidence_count < current_request.limit:
+                break
+
+            merged_pack = self._merge_context_packs(packs, join_with=join_with)
+            token_count = self._estimate_tokens(merged_pack.text)
+            threshold_ratio = 1.0 if min_fill_ratio is None else float(min_fill_ratio)
+            if token_count >= int(target_tokens * threshold_ratio):
+                break
+
+            current_request = current_request.model_copy(
+                update={"offset": current_request.offset + current_request.limit}
+            )
+
+        return self._merge_context_packs(packs, join_with=join_with)
+
+    def _merge_context_packs(self, packs: Iterable[ContextPack], join_with: str) -> ContextPack:
+        blocks: list[ContextPackBlock] = []
+        for index, pack in enumerate(packs, start=1):
+            if pack.blocks:
+                blocks.extend(pack.blocks)
+                continue
+            if pack.text:
+                blocks.append(
+                    ContextPackBlock(
+                        evidence_item_id=f"page-{index}",
+                        text=pack.text,
+                        metadata=None,
+                    )
+                )
+        if not blocks:
+            return ContextPack(text="", evidence_count=0, blocks=[])
+        text = join_with.join([block.text for block in blocks])
+        return ContextPack(text=text, evidence_count=len(blocks), blocks=blocks)
+
+    def _apply_compaction_policy(
+        self, text: str, policy: Any, max_tokens_override: Optional[int] = None
+    ) -> str:
+        if not policy or not getattr(policy, "input_budget", None):
+            return text
+        max_tokens = max_tokens_override
+        if max_tokens is None:
+            budget = policy.input_budget
+            max_tokens = getattr(budget, "max_tokens", None)
+        if max_tokens is None:
+            return text
+        tokens = text.split()
+        if len(tokens) <= max_tokens:
+            return text
+        if getattr(policy, "overflow", None) != "compact":
+            return text
+
+        compactor = self._resolve_compactor(policy)
+        return compactor.compact(CompactionRequest(text=text, max_tokens=max_tokens))
+
+    def _estimate_tokens(self, text: str) -> int:
+        return len(text.split())
+
+    def _apply_context_budget(
+        self,
+        system_prompt: str,
+        history: list[dict[str, Any]],
+        user_message: str,
+        policy: Any,
+    ) -> tuple[str, list[dict[str, Any]], str, int, bool]:
+        if not policy or not getattr(policy, "input_budget", None):
+            token_count = self._estimate_total_tokens(system_prompt, history, user_message)
+            return system_prompt, history, user_message, token_count, False
+
+        budget = policy.input_budget
+        max_tokens = getattr(budget, "max_tokens", None)
+        if max_tokens is None:
+            token_count = self._estimate_total_tokens(system_prompt, history, user_message)
+            return system_prompt, history, user_message, token_count, False
+
+        token_count = self._estimate_total_tokens(system_prompt, history, user_message)
+        if token_count <= max_tokens:
+            return system_prompt, history, user_message, token_count, False
+
+        if getattr(policy, "overflow", None) != "compact":
+            return system_prompt, history, user_message, token_count, False
+
+        trimmed_history = list(history)
+        compacted = False
+        while trimmed_history and token_count > max_tokens:
+            trimmed_history.pop(0)
+            token_count = self._estimate_total_tokens(system_prompt, trimmed_history, user_message)
+            compacted = True
+
+        if token_count <= max_tokens:
+            return system_prompt, trimmed_history, user_message, token_count, compacted
+
+        remaining_budget = max_tokens - self._estimate_total_tokens(
+            "", trimmed_history, user_message
+        )
+        if remaining_budget < 0:
+            remaining_budget = 0
+        compacted_prompt = self._apply_compaction_policy(
+            system_prompt,
+            policy,
+            max_tokens_override=remaining_budget,
+        )
+        if compacted_prompt != system_prompt:
+            compacted = True
+        token_count = self._estimate_total_tokens(compacted_prompt, trimmed_history, user_message)
+        return compacted_prompt, trimmed_history, user_message, token_count, compacted
+
+    def _allocate_pack_budget(
+        self,
+        pack_budget: Optional[Any],
+        policy: Optional[ContextPolicySpec],
+        weight: Optional[float],
+    ) -> Optional[int]:
+        if pack_budget is not None and hasattr(pack_budget, "max_tokens"):
+            max_tokens = getattr(pack_budget, "max_tokens", None)
+            if max_tokens is not None:
+                return int(max_tokens)
+            ratio = getattr(pack_budget, "ratio", None)
+            if ratio is not None:
+                return self._resolve_ratio_budget(ratio, policy)
+        if pack_budget and isinstance(pack_budget, dict):
+            max_tokens = pack_budget.get("max_tokens")
+            if max_tokens is not None:
+                return int(max_tokens)
+            ratio = pack_budget.get("ratio")
+            if ratio is not None:
+                return self._resolve_ratio_budget(ratio, policy)
+
+        if policy and getattr(policy, "pack_budget", None):
+            pack_budget_spec = policy.pack_budget
+            base_tokens = getattr(pack_budget_spec, "default_max_tokens", None)
+            if base_tokens is None:
+                base_ratio = getattr(pack_budget_spec, "default_ratio", None)
+                if base_ratio is None:
+                    return None
+                if not getattr(policy, "input_budget", None):
+                    return None
+                input_budget = policy.input_budget
+                max_tokens = getattr(input_budget, "max_tokens", None)
+                if max_tokens is None:
+                    return None
+                base_tokens = int(max_tokens * base_ratio)
+            if weight is None:
+                return int(base_tokens)
+            return int(base_tokens * weight)
+
+        return None
+
+    def _resolve_ratio_budget(
+        self, ratio: float, policy: Optional[ContextPolicySpec]
+    ) -> Optional[int]:
+        if ratio is None or not policy or not getattr(policy, "input_budget", None):
+            return None
+        input_budget = policy.input_budget
+        max_tokens = getattr(input_budget, "max_tokens", None)
+        if max_tokens is None:
+            return None
+        return int(max_tokens * float(ratio))
+
+    def _allocate_directive_budgets(
+        self,
+        directives: list[ContextMessageSpec],
+        policy: Optional[ContextPolicySpec],
+        total_budget_override: Optional[int],
+    ) -> dict[int, dict[str, Any]]:
+        if not policy or not getattr(policy, "pack_budget", None):
+            return {}
+        pack_budget_spec = policy.pack_budget
+        total_budget = total_budget_override
+        if total_budget is None:
+            total_budget = getattr(pack_budget_spec, "default_max_tokens", None)
+        if total_budget is None:
+            base_ratio = getattr(pack_budget_spec, "default_ratio", None)
+            if base_ratio is None:
+                return {}
+            if not getattr(policy, "input_budget", None):
+                return {}
+            input_budget = policy.input_budget
+            max_tokens = getattr(input_budget, "max_tokens", None)
+            if max_tokens is None:
+                return {}
+            total_budget = int(max_tokens * base_ratio)
+
+        pack_directives = [
+            directive for directive in directives if isinstance(directive, ContextInsertSpec)
+        ]
+        if not pack_directives:
+            return {}
+
+        sorted_directives = sorted(
+            pack_directives,
+            key=lambda directive: (
+                -(directive.priority or 0),
+                -(directive.weight or 1.0),
+            ),
+        )
+        total_weight = sum(directive.weight or 1.0 for directive in sorted_directives)
+        allocations = {}
+        remaining_budget = int(total_budget)
+
+        for directive in sorted_directives:
+            weight = directive.weight or 1.0
+            allocation = int((total_budget * weight) / total_weight)
+            if allocation <= 0:
+                allocation = 1
+            if allocation > remaining_budget:
+                allocation = remaining_budget
+            allocations[id(directive)] = {"max_tokens": allocation}
+            remaining_budget -= allocation
+            if remaining_budget <= 0:
+                break
+
+        if remaining_budget > 0 and sorted_directives:
+            allocations[id(sorted_directives[0])]["max_tokens"] += remaining_budget
+
+        return allocations
+
+    def _allocate_default_pack_budgets(
+        self,
+        pack_entries: list[Any],
+        policy: Optional[ContextPolicySpec],
+        total_budget_override: Optional[int],
+    ) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
+        if not policy or not getattr(policy, "pack_budget", None):
+            return {}
+        pack_budget_spec = policy.pack_budget
+        total_budget = total_budget_override
+        if total_budget is None:
+            total_budget = getattr(pack_budget_spec, "default_max_tokens", None)
+        if total_budget is None:
+            base_ratio = getattr(pack_budget_spec, "default_ratio", None)
+            if base_ratio is None:
+                return {}
+            if not getattr(policy, "input_budget", None):
+                return {}
+            input_budget = policy.input_budget
+            max_tokens = getattr(input_budget, "max_tokens", None)
+            if max_tokens is None:
+                return {}
+            total_budget = int(max_tokens * base_ratio)
+
+        if not pack_entries:
+            return {}
+
+        entries = sorted(
+            pack_entries,
+            key=lambda entry: (
+                -(getattr(entry, "priority", None) or 0),
+                -(getattr(entry, "weight", None) or 1.0),
+            ),
+        )
+        total_weight = sum(getattr(entry, "weight", None) or 1.0 for entry in entries)
+        allocations = {}
+        remaining_budget = int(total_budget)
+
+        for entry in entries:
+            weight = getattr(entry, "weight", None) or 1.0
+            allocation = int((total_budget * weight) / total_weight)
+            if allocation <= 0:
+                allocation = 1
+            if allocation > remaining_budget:
+                allocation = remaining_budget
+            allocations[entry.name] = {"max_tokens": allocation}
+            remaining_budget -= allocation
+            if remaining_budget <= 0:
+                break
+
+        if remaining_budget > 0 and entries:
+            allocations[entries[0].name]["max_tokens"] += remaining_budget
+
+        return allocations
+
+    def _resolve_default_pack_total_budget(
+        self, policy: Optional[ContextPolicySpec]
+    ) -> Optional[int]:
+        if not policy or not getattr(policy, "pack_budget", None):
+            return None
+        pack_budget_spec = policy.pack_budget
+        total_budget = getattr(pack_budget_spec, "default_max_tokens", None)
+        if total_budget is not None:
+            return int(total_budget)
+        base_ratio = getattr(pack_budget_spec, "default_ratio", None)
+        if base_ratio is None:
+            return None
+        if not getattr(policy, "input_budget", None):
+            return None
+        input_budget = policy.input_budget
+        max_tokens = getattr(input_budget, "max_tokens", None)
+        if max_tokens is None:
+            return None
+        return int(max_tokens * base_ratio)
+
+    def _extract_pack_budget_max_tokens(
+        self, pack_budget: Optional[Any], policy: Optional[ContextPolicySpec]
+    ) -> Optional[int]:
+        if pack_budget is None:
+            return None
+        if isinstance(pack_budget, dict):
+            max_tokens = pack_budget.get("max_tokens")
+            if max_tokens is not None:
+                return int(max_tokens)
+            ratio = pack_budget.get("ratio")
+            if ratio is not None:
+                return self._resolve_ratio_budget(ratio, policy)
+        if hasattr(pack_budget, "max_tokens"):
+            max_tokens = getattr(pack_budget, "max_tokens", None)
+            if max_tokens is not None:
+                return int(max_tokens)
+            ratio = getattr(pack_budget, "ratio", None)
+            if ratio is not None:
+                return self._resolve_ratio_budget(ratio, policy)
+        return None
+
+    def _estimate_total_tokens(
+        self, system_prompt: str, history: list[dict[str, Any]], user_message: str
+    ) -> int:
+        total = self._estimate_tokens(system_prompt) + self._estimate_tokens(user_message)
+        for message in history:
+            content = message.get("content", "")
+            total += self._estimate_tokens(content)
+        return total
+
+    def _resolve_compactor(self, policy: ContextPolicySpec):
+        compactor_config = None
+        if hasattr(policy, "compactor"):
+            compactor_config = policy.compactor
+
+        if isinstance(compactor_config, str):
+            compactor_spec = self._compactor_registry.get(compactor_config)
+            if compactor_spec is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"Compactor '{compactor_config}' not defined")
+            config = compactor_spec.config if hasattr(compactor_spec, "config") else {}
+            if not isinstance(config, dict):
+                config = {}
+            return build_compactor(config)
+
+        if isinstance(compactor_config, dict):
+            return build_compactor(compactor_config)
+
+        return TruncateCompactor()
+
+    def _build_messages(
+        self,
+        context_spec: ContextDeclaration,
+        history_messages: list[dict[str, Any]],
+        template_context: dict[str, Any],
+        retriever_override: Optional[Any],
+        policy: Optional[ContextPolicySpec],
+        tighten_pack_budget: bool = False,
+        total_pack_budget_override: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        assembled_messages: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+        resolved_context = dict(template_context)
+        context_values = dict(resolved_context.get("context", {}))
+        resolved_context["context"] = context_values
+        directive_budgets = self._allocate_directive_budgets(
+            context_spec.messages or [], policy, total_pack_budget_override
+        )
+        for directive in context_spec.messages or []:
+            if isinstance(directive, HistoryInsertSpec):
+                assembled_messages.extend(history_messages)
+                continue
+            if isinstance(directive, ContextInsertSpec):
+                override_budget = directive_budgets.get(id(directive))
+                pack_content = self._render_pack(
+                    directive.name,
+                    resolved_context,
+                    retriever_override,
+                    override_budget or directive.budget,
+                    policy,
+                    tighten_pack_budget,
+                    directive.weight,
+                )
+                context_values[directive.name] = pack_content or ""
+                if pack_content:
+                    assembled_messages.append({"role": "system", "content": pack_content})
+                else:
+                    context_values[directive.name] = ""
+                continue
+            if isinstance(directive, SystemMessageSpec):
+                assembled_messages.append(
+                    {
+                        "role": "system",
+                        "content": self._resolve_message_content(directive, resolved_context),
+                    }
+                )
+                continue
+            if isinstance(directive, UserMessageSpec):
+                assembled_messages.append(
+                    {
+                        "role": "user",
+                        "content": self._resolve_message_content(directive, resolved_context),
+                    }
+                )
+                continue
+            if isinstance(directive, AssistantMessageSpec):
+                assembled_messages.append(
+                    {
+                        "role": "assistant",
+                        "content": self._resolve_message_content(directive, resolved_context),
+                    }
+                )
+                continue
+        return assembled_messages
+
+    def _render_nested_context_pack(
+        self,
+        context_spec: ContextDeclaration,
+        template_context: dict[str, Any],
+        pack_budget: Optional[Any],
+        policy: Optional[ContextPolicySpec],
+        tighten_pack_budget: bool,
+        retriever_override: Optional[Any],
+    ) -> str:
+        """Render another Context declaration as a pack string."""
+        nested_policy = context_spec.policy or policy
+        compaction_policy = policy or nested_policy
+        total_budget_override = self._extract_pack_budget_max_tokens(pack_budget, policy)
+
+        if context_spec.messages is None:
+            nested_result = self._assemble_default_with_regeneration(
+                context_spec,
+                base_system_prompt="",
+                history_messages=[],
+                user_message="",
+                template_context=template_context,
+                retriever_override=retriever_override,
+                total_budget_override=total_budget_override,
+            )
+            pack_text = nested_result.system_prompt
+            return self._compact_pack_text(
+                pack_text, pack_budget, compaction_policy, tighten_pack_budget
+            )
+
+        if any(isinstance(directive, HistoryInsertSpec) for directive in context_spec.messages):
+            raise ValueError("Nested context packs cannot include history()")
+
+        max_iterations = 1
+        if compaction_policy and getattr(compaction_policy, "max_iterations", None):
+            max_iterations = max(1, int(compaction_policy.max_iterations))
+
+        pack_scale = 1.0
+        last_text = ""
+        max_tokens = self._extract_pack_budget_max_tokens(pack_budget, compaction_policy)
+        for _iteration in range(max_iterations):
+            scaled_override = total_budget_override
+            if scaled_override is not None and pack_scale < 1.0:
+                scaled_override = max(1, int(scaled_override * pack_scale))
+
+            assembled_messages = self._build_messages(
+                context_spec,
+                history_messages=[],
+                template_context=template_context,
+                retriever_override=retriever_override,
+                policy=nested_policy,
+                tighten_pack_budget=tighten_pack_budget or pack_scale < 1.0,
+                total_pack_budget_override=scaled_override,
+            )
+            rendered_segments = [message.get("content", "") for message in assembled_messages]
+            pack_text = self._join_nonempty(rendered_segments)
+            raw_token_count = self._estimate_tokens(pack_text)
+            last_text = self._compact_pack_text(
+                pack_text, pack_budget, compaction_policy, tighten_pack_budget
+            )
+
+            if max_tokens is None or raw_token_count <= max_tokens:
+                break
+            if not compaction_policy or getattr(compaction_policy, "overflow", None) != "compact":
+                break
+            pack_scale *= 0.5
+
+        return last_text
+
+    def _compact_pack_text(
+        self,
+        text: str,
+        pack_budget: Optional[Any],
+        policy: Optional[ContextPolicySpec],
+        tighten_pack_budget: bool,
+    ) -> str:
+        max_tokens = None
+        if pack_budget is not None:
+            if isinstance(pack_budget, dict):
+                max_tokens = pack_budget.get("max_tokens")
+            elif hasattr(pack_budget, "max_tokens"):
+                max_tokens = getattr(pack_budget, "max_tokens", None)
+
+        if max_tokens is None and policy and getattr(policy, "pack_budget", None):
+            pack_budget_spec = policy.pack_budget
+            max_tokens = getattr(pack_budget_spec, "default_max_tokens", None)
+
+        if max_tokens is None:
+            return text
+
+        if tighten_pack_budget:
+            max_tokens = max(1, int(max_tokens * 0.5))
+
+        compactor = self._resolve_compactor(policy) if policy else TruncateCompactor()
+        return compactor.compact(CompactionRequest(text=text, max_tokens=int(max_tokens)))
+
+    def _split_leading_system(
+        self, messages: list[dict[str, Any]]
+    ) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
+        """Split leading system messages from the rest."""
+        leading_system: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+        remaining: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+        seen_non_system = False
+        for message in messages:
+            if message.get("role") == "system" and not seen_non_system:
+                leading_system.append(message)
+            else:
+                seen_non_system = True
+                remaining.append(message)
+        return leading_system, remaining
+
+    def _extract_user_message(
+        self, messages: list[dict[str, Any]], fallback_message: str
+    ) -> tuple[str, list[dict[str, Any]]]:
+        """Extract the final user message from a list, leaving the rest as history."""
+        last_user_index = None
+        for idx, message in enumerate(messages):
+            if message.get("role") == "user":
+                last_user_index = idx
+        if last_user_index is None:
+            return fallback_message, messages
+
+        user_message = messages[last_user_index].get("content", "")
+        remaining = messages[:last_user_index] + messages[last_user_index + 1 :]
+        return user_message, remaining
+
+    def _join_nonempty(self, parts: Iterable[str]) -> str:
+        return "\n\n".join([part for part in parts if part])