bbstrader 0.2.92__py3-none-any.whl → 0.2.94__py3-none-any.whl

bbstrader/metatrader/rates.py

@@ -1,584 +1,584 @@
-from datetime import datetime
-from typing import Optional, Union
-
-import pandas as pd
-from exchange_calendars import get_calendar, get_calendar_names
-from pandas.tseries.holiday import USFederalHolidayCalendar
-from pandas.tseries.offsets import CustomBusinessDay
-
-from bbstrader.metatrader.account import AMG_EXCHANGES, Account, check_mt5_connection
-from bbstrader.metatrader.utils import TIMEFRAMES, TimeFrame, raise_mt5_error
-
-try:
-    import MetaTrader5 as Mt5
-except ImportError:
-    import bbstrader.compat  # noqa: F401
-
-
-__all__ = [
-    "Rates",
-    "download_historical_data",
-    "get_data_from_pos",
-    "get_data_from_date",
-]
-
-MAX_BARS = 10_000_000
-
-IDX_CALENDARS = {
-    "CAD": "XTSE",
-    "AUD": "XASX",
-    "GBP": "XLON",
-    "HKD": "XSHG",
-    "ZAR": "XJSE",
-    "CHF": "XSWX",
-    "NOK": "XOSL",
-    "EUR": "XETR",
-    "SGD": "XSES",
-    "USD": "us_futures",
-    "JPY": "us_futures",
-}
-
-COMD_CALENDARS = {
-    "Energies": "us_futures",
-    "Metals": "us_futures",
-    "Agricultures": "CBOT",
-    "Bonds": {"USD": "CBOT", "EUR": "EUREX"},
-}
-
-CALENDARS = {
-    "FX": "us_futures",
-    "STK": AMG_EXCHANGES,
-    "ETF": AMG_EXCHANGES,
-    "IDX": IDX_CALENDARS,
-    "COMD": COMD_CALENDARS,
-    "CRYPTO": "24/7",
-    "FUT": None,
-}
-
-SESSION_TIMEFRAMES = [
-    Mt5.TIMEFRAME_D1,
-    Mt5.TIMEFRAME_W1,
-    Mt5.TIMEFRAME_H12,
-    Mt5.TIMEFRAME_MN1,
-]
-
-
-class Rates(object):
-    """
-    Provides methods to retrieve historical financial data from MetaTrader 5.
-
-    This class encapsulates interactions with the MetaTrader 5 (MT5) terminal
-    to fetch historical price data for a given symbol and timeframe. It offers
-    flexibility in retrieving data either by specifying a starting position
-    and count of bars or by providing a specific date range.
-
-    Notes:
-        1. Befor using this class, ensure that the `Max bars in chart` in you terminal
-        is set to a value that is greater than the number of bars you want to retrieve
-        or just set it to Unlimited.
-        In your MT5 terminal, go to `Tools` -> `Options` -> `Charts` -> `Max bars in chart`.
-
-        2. The `open, high, low, close, adjclose, returns,
-        volume` properties returns data in  Broker's timezone by default.
-
-        See `bbstrader.metatrader.account.check_mt5_connection()` for more details on how to connect to MT5 terminal.
-
-    Example:
-        >>> rates = Rates("EURUSD", "1h")
-        >>> df = rates.get_historical_data(
-        ...     date_from=datetime(2023, 1, 1),
-        ...     date_to=datetime(2023, 1, 10),
-        ... )
-        >>> print(df.head())
-    """
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        symbol: str,
-        timeframe: TimeFrame = "D1",
-        start_pos: Union[int, str] = 0,
-        count: Optional[int] = MAX_BARS,
-        session_duration: Optional[float] = None,
-        **kwargs,
-    ):
-        """
-        Initializes a new Rates instance.
-
-        Args:
-            symbol (str): Financial instrument symbol (e.g., "EURUSD").
-            timeframe (str): Timeframe string (e.g., "D1", "1h", "5m").
-            start_pos (int, | str): Starting index (int)  or date (str) for data retrieval.
-            count (int, optional): Number of bars to retrieve default is
-                the maximum bars availble in the MT5 terminal.
-            session_duration (float): Number of trading hours per day.
-
-        Raises:
-            ValueError: If the provided timeframe is invalid.
-
-        Notes:
-            If `start_pos` is an str, it must be in 'YYYY-MM-DD' format.
-            For `session_duration` check your broker symbols details
-        """
-        self.symbol = symbol
-        self.time_frame = self._validate_time_frame(timeframe)
-        self.sd = session_duration
-        self.start_pos = self._get_start_pos(start_pos, timeframe)
-        self.count = count
-        self._mt5_initialized(**kwargs)
-        self.__account = Account(**kwargs)
-        self.__data = self.get_rates_from_pos()
-
-    def _mt5_initialized(self, **kwargs):
-        check_mt5_connection(**kwargs)
-
-    def _get_start_pos(self, index, time_frame):
-        if isinstance(index, int):
-            start_pos = index
-        elif isinstance(index, str):
-            assert self.sd is not None, ValueError(
-                "Please provide the session_duration in hour"
-            )
-            start_pos = self._get_pos_index(index, time_frame, self.sd)
-        return start_pos
-
-    def _get_pos_index(self, start_date, time_frame, sd):
-        # Create a custom business day calendar
-        us_business_day = CustomBusinessDay(calendar=USFederalHolidayCalendar())
-
-        start_date = pd.to_datetime(start_date)
-        end_date = pd.to_datetime(datetime.now())
-
-        # Generate a range of business days
-        trading_days = pd.date_range(
-            start=start_date, end=end_date, freq=us_business_day
-        )
-
-        # Calculate the number of trading days
-        trading_days = len(trading_days)
-        td = trading_days
-        time_frame_mapping = {}
-        for minutes in [
-            1,
-            2,
-            3,
-            4,
-            5,
-            6,
-            10,
-            12,
-            15,
-            20,
-            30,
-            60,
-            120,
-            180,
-            240,
-            360,
-            480,
-            720,
-        ]:
-            key = f"{minutes // 60}h" if minutes >= 60 else f"{minutes}m"
-            time_frame_mapping[key] = int(td * (60 / minutes) * sd)
-        time_frame_mapping["D1"] = int(td)
-
-        if time_frame not in time_frame_mapping:
-            pv = list(time_frame_mapping.keys())
-            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported time frame, Possible Values are {pv}")
-
-        index = time_frame_mapping.get(time_frame, 0) - 1
-        return max(index, 0)
-
-    def _validate_time_frame(self, time_frame: str) -> int:
-        """Validates and returns the MT5 timeframe code."""
-        if time_frame not in TIMEFRAMES:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Unsupported time frame '{time_frame}'. "
-                f"Possible values are: {list(TIMEFRAMES.keys())}"
-            )
-        return TIMEFRAMES[time_frame]
-
-    def _fetch_data(
-        self,
-        start: Union[int, datetime, pd.Timestamp],
-        count: Union[int, datetime, pd.Timestamp],
-        lower_colnames=False,
-        utc=False,
-    ) -> Union[pd.DataFrame, None]:
-        """Fetches data from MT5 and returns a DataFrame or None."""
-        try:
-            if isinstance(start, int) and isinstance(count, int):
-                rates = Mt5.copy_rates_from_pos(
-                    self.symbol, self.time_frame, start, count
-                )
-            elif isinstance(start, (datetime, pd.Timestamp)) and isinstance(count, int):
-                rates = Mt5.copy_rates_from(self.symbol, self.time_frame, start, count)
-            elif isinstance(start, (datetime, pd.Timestamp)) and isinstance(
-                count, (datetime, pd.Timestamp)
-            ):
-                rates = Mt5.copy_rates_range(self.symbol, self.time_frame, start, count)
-            if rates is None:
-                return None
-
-            df = pd.DataFrame(rates)
-            return self._format_dataframe(df, lower_colnames=lower_colnames, utc=utc)
-        except Exception as e:
-            raise_mt5_error(e)
-
-    def _format_dataframe(
-        self, df: pd.DataFrame, lower_colnames=False, utc=False
-    ) -> pd.DataFrame:
-        """Formats the raw MT5 data into a standardized DataFrame."""
-        df = df.copy()
-        df = df[["time", "open", "high", "low", "close", "tick_volume"]]
-        df.columns = ["Date", "Open", "High", "Low", "Close", "Volume"]
-        df["Adj Close"] = df["Close"]
-        df = df[["Date", "Open", "High", "Low", "Close", "Adj Close", "Volume"]]
-        df["Date"] = pd.to_datetime(df["Date"], unit="s", utc=utc)
-        df.set_index("Date", inplace=True)
-        if lower_colnames:
-            df.columns = df.columns.str.lower().str.replace(" ", "_")
-            df.index.name = df.index.name.lower().replace(" ", "_")
-        return df
-
-    def _filter_data(
-        self, df: pd.DataFrame, date_from=None, date_to=None, fill_na=False
-    ) -> pd.DataFrame:
-        df = df.copy()
-        symbol_type = self.__account.get_symbol_type(self.symbol)
-        currencies = self.__account.get_currency_rates(self.symbol)
-        s_info = self.__account.get_symbol_info(self.symbol)
-        if symbol_type in CALENDARS:
-            if symbol_type == "STK" or symbol_type == "ETF":
-                for exchange in CALENDARS[symbol_type]:
-                    if exchange in get_calendar_names():
-                        symbols = self.__account.get_stocks_from_exchange(
-                            exchange_code=exchange
-                        )
-                        if self.symbol in symbols:
-                            calendar = get_calendar(exchange, side="right")
-                            break
-            elif symbol_type == "IDX":
-                calendar = get_calendar(
-                    CALENDARS[symbol_type][currencies["mc"]], side="right"
-                )
-            elif symbol_type == "COMD":
-                for commodity in CALENDARS[symbol_type]:
-                    if commodity in s_info.path:
-                        calendar = get_calendar(
-                            CALENDARS[symbol_type][commodity], side="right"
-                        )
-            elif symbol_type == "FUT":
-                if "Index" in s_info.path:
-                    calendar = get_calendar(
-                        CALENDARS["IDX"][currencies["mc"]], side="right"
-                    )
-                else:
-                    for commodity, cal in COMD_CALENDARS.items():
-                        if self.symbol in self.__account.get_future_symbols(
-                            category=commodity
-                        ):
-                            if commodity == "Bonds":
-                                calendar = get_calendar(
-                                    cal[currencies["mc"]], side="right"
-                                )
-                            else:
-                                calendar = get_calendar(cal, side="right")
-            else:
-                calendar = get_calendar(CALENDARS[symbol_type], side="right")
-            date_from = date_from or df.index[0]
-            date_to = date_to or df.index[-1]
-            if self.time_frame in SESSION_TIMEFRAMES:
-                valid_sessions = calendar.sessions_in_range(date_from, date_to)
-            else:
-                valid_sessions = calendar.minutes_in_range(date_from, date_to)
-            if self.time_frame in [Mt5.TIMEFRAME_M1, Mt5.TIMEFRAME_D1]:
-                # save the index name of the dataframe
-                index_name = df.index.name
-                if fill_na:
-                    if isinstance(fill_na, bool):
-                        method = "nearest"
-                    if isinstance(fill_na, str):
-                        method = fill_na
-                    df = df.reindex(valid_sessions, method=method)
-                else:
-                    df.reindex(valid_sessions, method=None)
-                df.index = df.index.rename(index_name)
-            else:
-                df = df[df.index.isin(valid_sessions)]
-        return df
-
-    def _check_filter(self, filter, utc):
-        if filter and self.time_frame not in SESSION_TIMEFRAMES and not utc:
-            utc = True
-        elif filter and self.time_frame in SESSION_TIMEFRAMES and utc:
-            utc = False
-        return utc
-
-    def get_rates_from_pos(
-        self, filter=False, fill_na=False, lower_colnames=False, utc=False
-    ) -> Union[pd.DataFrame, None]:
-        """
-        Retrieves historical data starting from a specific position.
-
-        Uses the `start_pos` and `count` attributes specified during
-        initialization to fetch data.
-
-        Args:
-            filter : See `Rates.get_historical_data` for more details.
-            fill_na : See `Rates.get_historical_data` for more details.
-            lower_colnames : If True, the column names will be converted to lowercase.
-            utc (bool, optional): If True, the data will be in UTC timezone.
-                Defaults to False.
-
-        Returns:
-            Union[pd.DataFrame, None]: A DataFrame containing historical
-            data if successful, otherwise None.
-
-        Raises:
-            ValueError: If `start_pos` or `count` is not provided during
-                initialization.
-
-        Notes:
-            The Datetime for this method is in Broker's timezone.
-        """
-        if self.start_pos is None or self.count is None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "Both 'start_pos' and 'count' must be provided "
-                "when calling 'get_rates_from_pos'."
-            )
-        utc = self._check_filter(filter, utc)
-        df = self._fetch_data(
-            self.start_pos, self.count, lower_colnames=lower_colnames, utc=utc
-        )
-        if df is None:
-            return None
-        if filter:
-            return self._filter_data(df, fill_na=fill_na)
-        return df
-
-    def get_rates_from(
-        self,
-        date_from: datetime | pd.Timestamp,
-        count: int = MAX_BARS,
-        filter=False,
-        fill_na=False,
-        lower_colnames=False,
-        utc=False,
-    ) -> Union[pd.DataFrame, None]:
-        """
-        Retrieves historical data within a specified date range.
-
-        Args:
-            date_from : Starting date for data retrieval.
-                The data will be retrieved from this date going to the past.
-
-            count : Number of bars to retrieve.
-
-            filter : See `Rates.get_historical_data` for more details.
-            fill_na : See `Rates.get_historical_data` for more details.
-            lower_colnames : If True, the column names will be converted to lowercase.
-            utc (bool, optional): If True, the data will be in UTC timezone.
-                Defaults to False.
-
-        Returns:
-            Union[pd.DataFrame, None]: A DataFrame containing historical
-            data if successful, otherwise None.
-        """
-        utc = self._check_filter(filter, utc)
-        df = self._fetch_data(date_from, count, lower_colnames=lower_colnames, utc=utc)
-        if df is None:
-            return None
-        if filter:
-            return self._filter_data(df, fill_na=fill_na)
-        return df
-
-    @property
-    def open(self):
-        return self.__data["Open"]
-
-    @property
-    def high(self):
-        return self.__data["High"]
-
-    @property
-    def low(self):
-        return self.__data["Low"]
-
-    @property
-    def close(self):
-        return self.__data["Close"]
-
-    @property
-    def adjclose(self):
-        return self.__data["Adj Close"]
-
-    @property
-    def returns(self):
-        """
-        Fractional change between the current and a prior element.
-
-        Computes the fractional change from the immediately previous row by default.
-        This is useful in comparing the fraction of change in a time series of elements.
-
-        Note
-        ----
-        It calculates fractional change (also known as `per unit change or relative change`)
-        and `not percentage change`. If you need the percentage change, multiply these values by 100.
-        """
-        data = self.__data.copy()
-        data["Returns"] = data["Adj Close"].pct_change()
-        data = data.dropna()
-        return data["Returns"]
-
-    @property
-    def volume(self):
-        return self.__data["Volume"]
-
-    def get_historical_data(
-        self,
-        date_from: datetime | pd.Timestamp,
-        date_to: datetime | pd.Timestamp = pd.Timestamp.now(),
-        utc: bool = False,
-        filter: Optional[bool] = False,
-        fill_na: Optional[bool | str] = False,
-        lower_colnames: Optional[bool] = True,
-        save_csv: Optional[bool] = False,
-    ) -> Union[pd.DataFrame, None]:
-        """
-        Retrieves historical data within a specified date range.
-
-        Args:
-            date_from : Starting date for data retrieval.
-
-            date_to : Ending date for data retrieval.
-                Defaults to the current time.
-
-            utc : If True, the data will be in UTC timezone.
-                Defaults to False.
-
-            filter : If True, the data will be filtered based
-                on the trading sessions for the symbol.
-                This is use when we want to use the data for backtesting using Zipline.
-
-            fill_na : If True, the data will be filled with the nearest value.
-                This is use only when `filter` is True and time frame is "1m" or "D1",
-                this is because we use ``calendar.minutes_in_range`` or ``calendar.sessions_in_range``
-                where calendar is the ``ExchangeCalendar`` from `exchange_calendars` package.
-                So, for "1m" or "D1" time frame, the data will be filled with the nearest value
-                because the data from MT5 will have approximately the same number of rows as the
-                number of trading days or minute in the exchange calendar, so we can fill the missing
-                data with the nearest value.
-
-                But for other time frames, the data will be reindexed with the exchange calendar
-                because the data from MT5 will have more rows than the number of trading days or minute
-                in the exchange calendar. So we only take the data that is in the range of the exchange
-                calendar sessions or minutes.
-
-            lower_colnames : If True, the column names will be converted to lowercase.
-
-            save_csv : File path to save the data as a CSV.
-                If None, the data won't be saved.
-
-        Returns:
-            Union[pd.DataFrame, None]: A DataFrame containing historical data
-                if successful, otherwise None.
-
-        Raises:
-            ValueError: If the starting date is greater than the ending date.
-
-        Notes:
-            The `filter` for this method can be use only for Admira Markets Group (AMG) symbols.
-            The Datetime for this method is in Local timezone by default.
-            All STK symbols are filtered based on the the exchange calendar.
-            All FX symbols are filtered based on the ``us_futures`` calendar.
-            All IDX symbols are filtered based on the exchange calendar of margin currency.
-            All COMD symbols are filtered based on the exchange calendar of the commodity.
-        """
-        utc = self._check_filter(filter, utc)
-        df = self._fetch_data(
-            date_from, date_to, lower_colnames=lower_colnames, utc=utc
-        )
-        if df is None:
-            return None
-        if filter:
-            df = self._filter_data(
-                df, date_from=date_from, date_to=date_to, fill_na=fill_na
-            )
-        if save_csv:
-            df.to_csv(f"{self.symbol}.csv")
-        return df
-
-
-def download_historical_data(
-    symbol,
-    timeframe,
-    date_from,
-    date_to=pd.Timestamp.now(),
-    lower_colnames=True,
-    utc=False,
-    filter=False,
-    fill_na=False,
-    save_csv=False,
-    **kwargs,
-):
-    """Download historical data from MetaTrader 5 terminal.
-    See `Rates.get_historical_data` for more details.
-    """
-    rates = Rates(symbol, timeframe, **kwargs)
-    data = rates.get_historical_data(
-        date_from=date_from,
-        date_to=date_to,
-        save_csv=save_csv,
-        utc=utc,
-        filter=filter,
-        lower_colnames=lower_colnames,
-    )
-    return data
-
-
-def get_data_from_pos(
-    symbol,
-    timeframe,
-    start_pos=0,
-    fill_na=False,
-    count=MAX_BARS,
-    lower_colnames=False,
-    utc=False,
-    filter=False,
-    session_duration=23.0,
-    **kwargs,
-):
-    """Get historical data from a specific position.
-    See `Rates.get_rates_from_pos` for more details.
-    """
-    rates = Rates(symbol, timeframe, start_pos, count, session_duration, **kwargs)
-    data = rates.get_rates_from_pos(
-        filter=filter, fill_na=fill_na, lower_colnames=lower_colnames, utc=utc
-    )
-    return data
-
-
-def get_data_from_date(
-    symbol,
-    timeframe,
-    date_from,
-    count=MAX_BARS,
-    fill_na=False,
-    lower_colnames=False,
-    utc=False,
-    filter=False,
-    **kwargs,
-):
-    """Get historical data from a specific date.
-    See `Rates.get_rates_from` for more details.
-    """
-    rates = Rates(symbol, timeframe, **kwargs)
-    data = rates.get_rates_from(
-        date_from,
-        count,
-        filter=filter,
-        fill_na=fill_na,
-        lower_colnames=lower_colnames,
-        utc=utc,
-    )
-    return data
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+import pandas as pd
+from exchange_calendars import get_calendar, get_calendar_names
+from pandas.tseries.holiday import USFederalHolidayCalendar
+from pandas.tseries.offsets import CustomBusinessDay
+
+from bbstrader.metatrader.account import AMG_EXCHANGES, Account, check_mt5_connection
+from bbstrader.metatrader.utils import TIMEFRAMES, TimeFrame, raise_mt5_error
+
+try:
+    import MetaTrader5 as Mt5
+except ImportError:
+    import bbstrader.compat  # noqa: F401
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Rates",
+    "download_historical_data",
+    "get_data_from_pos",
+    "get_data_from_date",
+]
+
+MAX_BARS = 10_000_000
+
+IDX_CALENDARS = {
+    "CAD": "XTSE",
+    "AUD": "XASX",
+    "GBP": "XLON",
+    "HKD": "XSHG",
+    "ZAR": "XJSE",
+    "CHF": "XSWX",
+    "NOK": "XOSL",
+    "EUR": "XETR",
+    "SGD": "XSES",
+    "USD": "us_futures",
+    "JPY": "us_futures",
+}
+
+COMD_CALENDARS = {
+    "Energies": "us_futures",
+    "Metals": "us_futures",
+    "Agricultures": "CBOT",
+    "Bonds": {"USD": "CBOT", "EUR": "EUREX"},
+}
+
+CALENDARS = {
+    "FX": "us_futures",
+    "STK": AMG_EXCHANGES,
+    "ETF": AMG_EXCHANGES,
+    "IDX": IDX_CALENDARS,
+    "COMD": COMD_CALENDARS,
+    "CRYPTO": "24/7",
+    "FUT": None,
+}
+
+SESSION_TIMEFRAMES = [
+    Mt5.TIMEFRAME_D1,
+    Mt5.TIMEFRAME_W1,
+    Mt5.TIMEFRAME_H12,
+    Mt5.TIMEFRAME_MN1,
+]
+
+
+class Rates(object):
+    """
+    Provides methods to retrieve historical financial data from MetaTrader 5.
+
+    This class encapsulates interactions with the MetaTrader 5 (MT5) terminal
+    to fetch historical price data for a given symbol and timeframe. It offers
+    flexibility in retrieving data either by specifying a starting position
+    and count of bars or by providing a specific date range.
+
+    Notes:
+        1. Befor using this class, ensure that the `Max bars in chart` in you terminal
+        is set to a value that is greater than the number of bars you want to retrieve
+        or just set it to Unlimited.
+        In your MT5 terminal, go to `Tools` -> `Options` -> `Charts` -> `Max bars in chart`.
+
+        2. The `open, high, low, close, adjclose, returns,
+        volume` properties returns data in  Broker's timezone by default.
+
+        See `bbstrader.metatrader.account.check_mt5_connection()` for more details on how to connect to MT5 terminal.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> rates = Rates("EURUSD", "1h")
+        >>> df = rates.get_historical_data(
+        ...     date_from=datetime(2023, 1, 1),
+        ...     date_to=datetime(2023, 1, 10),
+        ... )
+        >>> print(df.head())
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        symbol: str,
+        timeframe: TimeFrame = "D1",
+        start_pos: Union[int, str] = 0,
+        count: Optional[int] = MAX_BARS,
+        session_duration: Optional[float] = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Initializes a new Rates instance.
+
+        Args:
+            symbol (str): Financial instrument symbol (e.g., "EURUSD").
+            timeframe (str): Timeframe string (e.g., "D1", "1h", "5m").
+            start_pos (int, | str): Starting index (int)  or date (str) for data retrieval.
+            count (int, optional): Number of bars to retrieve default is
+                the maximum bars availble in the MT5 terminal.
+            session_duration (float): Number of trading hours per day.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If the provided timeframe is invalid.
+
+        Notes:
+            If `start_pos` is an str, it must be in 'YYYY-MM-DD' format.
+            For `session_duration` check your broker symbols details
+        """
+        self.symbol = symbol
+        self.time_frame = self._validate_time_frame(timeframe)
+        self.sd = session_duration
+        self.start_pos = self._get_start_pos(start_pos, timeframe)
+        self.count = count
+        self._mt5_initialized(**kwargs)
+        self.__account = Account(**kwargs)
+        self.__data = self.get_rates_from_pos()
+
+    def _mt5_initialized(self, **kwargs):
+        check_mt5_connection(**kwargs)
+
+    def _get_start_pos(self, index, time_frame):
+        if isinstance(index, int):
+            start_pos = index
+        elif isinstance(index, str):
+            assert self.sd is not None, ValueError(
+                "Please provide the session_duration in hour"
+            )
+            start_pos = self._get_pos_index(index, time_frame, self.sd)
+        return start_pos
+
+    def _get_pos_index(self, start_date, time_frame, sd):
+        # Create a custom business day calendar
+        us_business_day = CustomBusinessDay(calendar=USFederalHolidayCalendar())
+
+        start_date = pd.to_datetime(start_date)
+        end_date = pd.to_datetime(datetime.now())
+
+        # Generate a range of business days
+        trading_days = pd.date_range(
+            start=start_date, end=end_date, freq=us_business_day
+        )
+
+        # Calculate the number of trading days
+        trading_days = len(trading_days)
+        td = trading_days
+        time_frame_mapping = {}
+        for minutes in [
+            1,
+            2,
+            3,
+            4,
+            5,
+            6,
+            10,
+            12,
+            15,
+            20,
+            30,
+            60,
+            120,
+            180,
+            240,
+            360,
+            480,
+            720,
+        ]:
+            key = f"{minutes // 60}h" if minutes >= 60 else f"{minutes}m"
+            time_frame_mapping[key] = int(td * (60 / minutes) * sd)
+        time_frame_mapping["D1"] = int(td)
+
+        if time_frame not in time_frame_mapping:
+            pv = list(time_frame_mapping.keys())
+            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported time frame, Possible Values are {pv}")
+
+        index = time_frame_mapping.get(time_frame, 0) - 1
+        return max(index, 0)
+
+    def _validate_time_frame(self, time_frame: str) -> int:
+        """Validates and returns the MT5 timeframe code."""
+        if time_frame not in TIMEFRAMES:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Unsupported time frame '{time_frame}'. "
+                f"Possible values are: {list(TIMEFRAMES.keys())}"
+            )
+        return TIMEFRAMES[time_frame]
+
+    def _fetch_data(
+        self,
+        start: Union[int, datetime, pd.Timestamp],
+        count: Union[int, datetime, pd.Timestamp],
+        lower_colnames=False,
+        utc=False,
+    ) -> Union[pd.DataFrame, None]:
+        """Fetches data from MT5 and returns a DataFrame or None."""
+        try:
+            if isinstance(start, int) and isinstance(count, int):
+                rates = Mt5.copy_rates_from_pos(
+                    self.symbol, self.time_frame, start, count
+                )
+            elif isinstance(start, (datetime, pd.Timestamp)) and isinstance(count, int):
+                rates = Mt5.copy_rates_from(self.symbol, self.time_frame, start, count)
+            elif isinstance(start, (datetime, pd.Timestamp)) and isinstance(
+                count, (datetime, pd.Timestamp)
+            ):
+                rates = Mt5.copy_rates_range(self.symbol, self.time_frame, start, count)
+            if rates is None:
+                return None
+
+            df = pd.DataFrame(rates)
+            return self._format_dataframe(df, lower_colnames=lower_colnames, utc=utc)
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise_mt5_error(e)
+
+    def _format_dataframe(
+        self, df: pd.DataFrame, lower_colnames=False, utc=False
+    ) -> pd.DataFrame:
+        """Formats the raw MT5 data into a standardized DataFrame."""
+        df = df.copy()
+        df = df[["time", "open", "high", "low", "close", "tick_volume"]]
+        df.columns = ["Date", "Open", "High", "Low", "Close", "Volume"]
+        df["Adj Close"] = df["Close"]
+        df = df[["Date", "Open", "High", "Low", "Close", "Adj Close", "Volume"]]
+        df["Date"] = pd.to_datetime(df["Date"], unit="s", utc=utc)
+        df.set_index("Date", inplace=True)
+        if lower_colnames:
+            df.columns = df.columns.str.lower().str.replace(" ", "_")
+            df.index.name = df.index.name.lower().replace(" ", "_")
+        return df
+
+    def _filter_data(
+        self, df: pd.DataFrame, date_from=None, date_to=None, fill_na=False
+    ) -> pd.DataFrame:
+        df = df.copy()
+        symbol_type = self.__account.get_symbol_type(self.symbol)
+        currencies = self.__account.get_currency_rates(self.symbol)
+        s_info = self.__account.get_symbol_info(self.symbol)
+        if symbol_type in CALENDARS:
+            if symbol_type == "STK" or symbol_type == "ETF":
+                for exchange in CALENDARS[symbol_type]:
+                    if exchange in get_calendar_names():
+                        symbols = self.__account.get_stocks_from_exchange(
+                            exchange_code=exchange
+                        )
+                        if self.symbol in symbols:
+                            calendar = get_calendar(exchange, side="right")
+                            break
+            elif symbol_type == "IDX":
+                calendar = get_calendar(
+                    CALENDARS[symbol_type][currencies["mc"]], side="right"
+                )
+            elif symbol_type == "COMD":
+                for commodity in CALENDARS[symbol_type]:
+                    if commodity in s_info.path:
+                        calendar = get_calendar(
+                            CALENDARS[symbol_type][commodity], side="right"
+                        )
+            elif symbol_type == "FUT":
+                if "Index" in s_info.path:
+                    calendar = get_calendar(
+                        CALENDARS["IDX"][currencies["mc"]], side="right"
+                    )
+                else:
+                    for commodity, cal in COMD_CALENDARS.items():
+                        if self.symbol in self.__account.get_future_symbols(
+                            category=commodity
+                        ):
+                            if commodity == "Bonds":
+                                calendar = get_calendar(
+                                    cal[currencies["mc"]], side="right"
+                                )
+                            else:
+                                calendar = get_calendar(cal, side="right")
+            else:
+                calendar = get_calendar(CALENDARS[symbol_type], side="right")
+            date_from = date_from or df.index[0]
+            date_to = date_to or df.index[-1]
+            if self.time_frame in SESSION_TIMEFRAMES:
+                valid_sessions = calendar.sessions_in_range(date_from, date_to)
+            else:
+                valid_sessions = calendar.minutes_in_range(date_from, date_to)
+            if self.time_frame in [Mt5.TIMEFRAME_M1, Mt5.TIMEFRAME_D1]:
+                # save the index name of the dataframe
+                index_name = df.index.name
+                if fill_na:
+                    if isinstance(fill_na, bool):
+                        method = "nearest"
+                    if isinstance(fill_na, str):
+                        method = fill_na
+                    df = df.reindex(valid_sessions, method=method)
+                else:
+                    df.reindex(valid_sessions, method=None)
+                df.index = df.index.rename(index_name)
+            else:
+                df = df[df.index.isin(valid_sessions)]
+        return df
+
+    def _check_filter(self, filter, utc):
+        if filter and self.time_frame not in SESSION_TIMEFRAMES and not utc:
+            utc = True
+        elif filter and self.time_frame in SESSION_TIMEFRAMES and utc:
+            utc = False
+        return utc
+
+    def get_rates_from_pos(
+        self, filter=False, fill_na=False, lower_colnames=False, utc=False
+    ) -> Union[pd.DataFrame, None]:
+        """
+        Retrieves historical data starting from a specific position.
+
+        Uses the `start_pos` and `count` attributes specified during
+        initialization to fetch data.
+
+        Args:
+            filter : See `Rates.get_historical_data` for more details.
+            fill_na : See `Rates.get_historical_data` for more details.
+            lower_colnames : If True, the column names will be converted to lowercase.
+            utc (bool, optional): If True, the data will be in UTC timezone.
+                Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            Union[pd.DataFrame, None]: A DataFrame containing historical
+            data if successful, otherwise None.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If `start_pos` or `count` is not provided during
+                initialization.
+
+        Notes:
+            The Datetime for this method is in Broker's timezone.
+        """
+        if self.start_pos is None or self.count is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Both 'start_pos' and 'count' must be provided "
+                "when calling 'get_rates_from_pos'."
+            )
+        utc = self._check_filter(filter, utc)
+        df = self._fetch_data(
+            self.start_pos, self.count, lower_colnames=lower_colnames, utc=utc
+        )
+        if df is None:
+            return None
+        if filter:
+            return self._filter_data(df, fill_na=fill_na)
+        return df
+
+    def get_rates_from(
+        self,
+        date_from: datetime | pd.Timestamp,
+        count: int = MAX_BARS,
+        filter=False,
+        fill_na=False,
+        lower_colnames=False,
+        utc=False,
+    ) -> Union[pd.DataFrame, None]:
+        """
+        Retrieves historical data within a specified date range.
+
+        Args:
+            date_from : Starting date for data retrieval.
+                The data will be retrieved from this date going to the past.
+
+            count : Number of bars to retrieve.
+
+            filter : See `Rates.get_historical_data` for more details.
+            fill_na : See `Rates.get_historical_data` for more details.
+            lower_colnames : If True, the column names will be converted to lowercase.
+            utc (bool, optional): If True, the data will be in UTC timezone.
+                Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+            Union[pd.DataFrame, None]: A DataFrame containing historical
+            data if successful, otherwise None.
+        """
+        utc = self._check_filter(filter, utc)
+        df = self._fetch_data(date_from, count, lower_colnames=lower_colnames, utc=utc)
+        if df is None:
+            return None
+        if filter:
+            return self._filter_data(df, fill_na=fill_na)
+        return df
+
+    @property
+    def open(self):
+        return self.__data["Open"]
+
+    @property
+    def high(self):
+        return self.__data["High"]
+
+    @property
+    def low(self):
+        return self.__data["Low"]
+
+    @property
+    def close(self):
+        return self.__data["Close"]
+
+    @property
+    def adjclose(self):
+        return self.__data["Adj Close"]
+
+    @property
+    def returns(self):
+        """
+        Fractional change between the current and a prior element.
+
+        Computes the fractional change from the immediately previous row by default.
+        This is useful in comparing the fraction of change in a time series of elements.
+
+        Note
+        ----
+        It calculates fractional change (also known as `per unit change or relative change`)
+        and `not percentage change`. If you need the percentage change, multiply these values by 100.
+        """
+        data = self.__data.copy()
+        data["Returns"] = data["Adj Close"].pct_change()
+        data = data.dropna()
+        return data["Returns"]
+
+    @property
+    def volume(self):
+        return self.__data["Volume"]
+
+    def get_historical_data(
+        self,
+        date_from: datetime | pd.Timestamp,
+        date_to: datetime | pd.Timestamp = pd.Timestamp.now(),
+        utc: bool = False,
+        filter: Optional[bool] = False,
+        fill_na: Optional[bool | str] = False,
+        lower_colnames: Optional[bool] = True,
+        save_csv: Optional[bool] = False,
+    ) -> Union[pd.DataFrame, None]:
+        """
+        Retrieves historical data within a specified date range.
+
+        Args:
+            date_from : Starting date for data retrieval.
+
+            date_to : Ending date for data retrieval.
+                Defaults to the current time.
+
+            utc : If True, the data will be in UTC timezone.
+                Defaults to False.
+
+            filter : If True, the data will be filtered based
+                on the trading sessions for the symbol.
+                This is use when we want to use the data for backtesting using Zipline.
+
+            fill_na : If True, the data will be filled with the nearest value.
+                This is use only when `filter` is True and time frame is "1m" or "D1",
+                this is because we use ``calendar.minutes_in_range`` or ``calendar.sessions_in_range``
+                where calendar is the ``ExchangeCalendar`` from `exchange_calendars` package.
+                So, for "1m" or "D1" time frame, the data will be filled with the nearest value
+                because the data from MT5 will have approximately the same number of rows as the
+                number of trading days or minute in the exchange calendar, so we can fill the missing
+                data with the nearest value.
+
+                But for other time frames, the data will be reindexed with the exchange calendar
+                because the data from MT5 will have more rows than the number of trading days or minute
+                in the exchange calendar. So we only take the data that is in the range of the exchange
+                calendar sessions or minutes.
+
+            lower_colnames : If True, the column names will be converted to lowercase.
+
+            save_csv : File path to save the data as a CSV.
+                If None, the data won't be saved.
+
+        Returns:
+            Union[pd.DataFrame, None]: A DataFrame containing historical data
+                if successful, otherwise None.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If the starting date is greater than the ending date.
+
+        Notes:
+            The `filter` for this method can be use only for Admira Markets Group (AMG) symbols.
+            The Datetime for this method is in Local timezone by default.
+            All STK symbols are filtered based on the the exchange calendar.
+            All FX symbols are filtered based on the ``us_futures`` calendar.
+            All IDX symbols are filtered based on the exchange calendar of margin currency.
+            All COMD symbols are filtered based on the exchange calendar of the commodity.
+        """
+        utc = self._check_filter(filter, utc)
+        df = self._fetch_data(
+            date_from, date_to, lower_colnames=lower_colnames, utc=utc
+        )
+        if df is None:
+            return None
+        if filter:
+            df = self._filter_data(
+                df, date_from=date_from, date_to=date_to, fill_na=fill_na
+            )
+        if save_csv:
+            df.to_csv(f"{self.symbol}.csv")
+        return df
+
+
+def download_historical_data(
+    symbol,
+    timeframe,
+    date_from,
+    date_to=pd.Timestamp.now(),
+    lower_colnames=True,
+    utc=False,
+    filter=False,
+    fill_na=False,
+    save_csv=False,
+    **kwargs,
+):
+    """Download historical data from MetaTrader 5 terminal.
+    See `Rates.get_historical_data` for more details.
+    """
+    rates = Rates(symbol, timeframe, **kwargs)
+    data = rates.get_historical_data(
+        date_from=date_from,
+        date_to=date_to,
+        save_csv=save_csv,
+        utc=utc,
+        filter=filter,
+        lower_colnames=lower_colnames,
+    )
+    return data
+
+
+def get_data_from_pos(
+    symbol,
+    timeframe,
+    start_pos=0,
+    fill_na=False,
+    count=MAX_BARS,
+    lower_colnames=False,
+    utc=False,
+    filter=False,
+    session_duration=23.0,
+    **kwargs,
+):
+    """Get historical data from a specific position.
+    See `Rates.get_rates_from_pos` for more details.
+    """
+    rates = Rates(symbol, timeframe, start_pos, count, session_duration, **kwargs)
+    data = rates.get_rates_from_pos(
+        filter=filter, fill_na=fill_na, lower_colnames=lower_colnames, utc=utc
+    )
+    return data
+
+
+def get_data_from_date(
+    symbol,
+    timeframe,
+    date_from,
+    count=MAX_BARS,
+    fill_na=False,
+    lower_colnames=False,
+    utc=False,
+    filter=False,
+    **kwargs,
+):
+    """Get historical data from a specific date.
+    See `Rates.get_rates_from` for more details.
+    """
+    rates = Rates(symbol, timeframe, **kwargs)
+    data = rates.get_rates_from(
+        date_from,
+        count,
+        filter=filter,
+        fill_na=fill_na,
+        lower_colnames=lower_colnames,
+        utc=utc,
+    )
+    return data