aws-cis-controls-assessment 1.0.9__py3-none-any.whl → 1.0.10__py3-none-any.whl

docs/adding-aws-backup-controls.md

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+# Adding AWS Backup Service Controls
+
+## Overview
+
+This guide explains how to add comprehensive AWS Backup service controls to the assessment tool. The tool currently has **resource-specific backup controls** (e.g., `dynamodb-in-backup-plan`, `ebs-in-backup-plan`) that check if individual resources are protected. We'll add **AWS Backup service-level controls** that assess the backup infrastructure itself.
+
+## Current State Analysis
+
+### Existing Backup Controls
+
+The tool currently has **9 backup-related controls** across different services:
+
+**IG1 Controls (Control 11.2 - Perform Automated Backups):**
+1. `dynamodb-in-backup-plan` - Checks if DynamoDB tables are in backup plans
+2. `ebs-in-backup-plan` - Checks if EBS volumes are in backup plans
+3. `efs-in-backup-plan` - Checks if EFS file systems are in backup plans
+4. `db-instance-backup-enabled` - Checks if RDS instances have backups enabled
+5. `redshift-backup-enabled` - Checks if Redshift clusters have automated snapshots
+6. `dynamodb-pitr-enabled` - Checks if DynamoDB has point-in-time recovery
+7. `elasticache-redis-cluster-automatic-backup-check` - Checks ElastiCache Redis backups
+8. `s3-bucket-replication-enabled` - Checks if S3 buckets have replication
+
+**IG2 Controls (Control 3.11 - Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest):**
+9. `backup-recovery-point-encrypted` - Checks if AWS Backup recovery points are encrypted
+
+### Architecture Pattern
+
+Current controls follow this pattern:
+- **Resource-centric**: Check individual resources (DynamoDB tables, EBS volumes, etc.)
+- **Service-specific**: Each service has its own backup mechanism
+- **Distributed**: Backup logic spread across multiple control files
+
+## Proposed AWS Backup Service Controls
+
+### New Resource Types to Add
+
+AWS Backup provides centralized backup management. We should add controls for:
+
+1. **AWS::Backup::BackupPlan** - Backup plan configuration and policies
+2. **AWS::Backup::BackupSelection** - Resource selection for backup plans
+3. **AWS::Backup::BackupVault** - Backup storage vaults and access policies
+4. **AWS::Backup::RecoveryPoint** - Individual backup recovery points (already exists)
+5. **AWS::Backup::ReportPlan** - Backup compliance reporting
+6. **AWS::Backup::RestoreTestingPlan** - Automated restore testing
+
+### Recommended Approach: Hybrid Model
+
+**Keep existing resource-specific controls** AND **add AWS Backup service controls**
+
+#### Why Hybrid?
+
+1. **Complementary Coverage**:
+   - Resource controls: "Is this DynamoDB table backed up?"
+   - Service controls: "Is the backup infrastructure properly configured?"
+
+2. **Different Use Cases**:
+   - Resource controls: Operational compliance (are resources protected?)
+   - Service controls: Infrastructure compliance (is backup system secure?)
+
+3. **Flexibility**:
+   - Some organizations use AWS Backup centrally
+   - Others use service-native backup features
+   - Hybrid approach covers both scenarios
+
+## Implementation Strategy
+
+### Phase 1: Add Core AWS Backup Service Controls
+
+Create a new control file: `control_aws_backup_service.py`
+
+**Recommended Controls:**
+
+1. **backup-plan-min-frequency-and-min-retention-check**
+   - Resource: `AWS::Backup::BackupPlan`
+   - Validates backup frequency and retention policies
+   - Ensures backups happen regularly and are retained appropriately
+
+2. **backup-vault-access-policy-check**
+   - Resource: `AWS::Backup::BackupVault`
+   - Checks vault access policies for security
+   - Ensures vaults aren't publicly accessible
+
+3. **backup-vault-lock-check**
+   - Resource: `AWS::Backup::BackupVault`
+   - Verifies vault lock is enabled (prevents deletion)
+   - Critical for ransomware protection
+
+4. **backup-selection-resource-coverage-check**
+   - Resource: `AWS::Backup::BackupSelection`
+   - Validates that backup selections cover critical resources
+   - Ensures no resources are accidentally excluded
+
+5. **backup-report-plan-exists-check**
+   - Resource: `AWS::Backup::ReportPlan`
+   - Checks if backup reporting is configured
+   - Ensures backup compliance monitoring
+
+6. **backup-restore-testing-plan-exists-check**
+   - Resource: `AWS::Backup::RestoreTestingPlan`
+   - Verifies restore testing is configured
+   - Ensures backups are actually recoverable
+
+### Phase 2: Enhance Existing Controls
+
+Improve existing resource-specific controls to actually check AWS Backup:
+
+**Current Issue**: Many controls have placeholder implementations:
+```python
+# For simplicity, assume compliant - full implementation would check backup plans
+compliance_status = ComplianceStatus.COMPLIANT
+```
+
+**Enhancement**: Actually query AWS Backup API to verify protection:
+```python
+# Check if resource is actually protected by AWS Backup
+backup_client = aws_factory.get_client('backup', region)
+protected = backup_client.describe_protected_resource(
+    ResourceArn=resource_arn
+)
+```
+
+### Phase 3: Add to Configuration
+
+Update YAML configuration files to include new controls.
+
+## Detailed Implementation Guide
+
+### Step 1: Create New Control File
+
+Create `aws_cis_assessment/controls/ig1/control_aws_backup_service.py`:
+
+```python
+"""AWS Backup Service Controls - Centralized backup infrastructure assessment."""
+
+from typing import Dict, List, Any
+import logging
+from botocore.exceptions import ClientError
+
+from aws_cis_assessment.controls.base_control import BaseConfigRuleAssessment
+from aws_cis_assessment.core.models import ComplianceResult, ComplianceStatus
+from aws_cis_assessment.core.aws_client_factory import AWSClientFactory
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class BackupPlanMinFrequencyAndMinRetentionCheckAssessment(BaseConfigRuleAssessment):
+    """Assessment for backup-plan-min-frequency-and-min-retention-check Config rule."""
+    
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(
+            rule_name="backup-plan-min-frequency-and-min-retention-check",
+            control_id="11.2",
+            resource_types=["AWS::Backup::BackupPlan"]
+        )
+    
+    def _get_resources(self, aws_factory: AWSClientFactory, resource_type: str, region: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Get all AWS Backup plans in the region."""
+        if resource_type != "AWS::Backup::BackupPlan":
+            return []
+        
+        try:
+            backup_client = aws_factory.get_client('backup', region)
+            
+            response = aws_factory.aws_api_call_with_retry(
+                lambda: backup_client.list_backup_plans()
+            )
+            
+            plans = []
+            for plan in response.get('BackupPlansList', []):
+                # Get detailed plan information
+                plan_id = plan.get('BackupPlanId')
+                plan_details = aws_factory.aws_api_call_with_retry(
+                    lambda: backup_client.get_backup_plan(BackupPlanId=plan_id)
+                )
+                
+                plans.append({
+                    'BackupPlanId': plan_id,
+                    'BackupPlanName': plan.get('BackupPlanName'),
+                    'BackupPlan': plan_details.get('BackupPlan'),
+                    'VersionId': plan.get('VersionId')
+                })
+            
+            return plans
+            
+        except ClientError as e:
+            logger.error(f"Error retrieving backup plans in region {region}: {e}")
+            raise
+    
+    def _evaluate_resource_compliance(self, resource: Dict[str, Any], aws_factory: AWSClientFactory, region: str) -> ComplianceResult:
+        """Evaluate if backup plan has appropriate frequency and retention."""
+        plan_id = resource.get('BackupPlanId', 'unknown')
+        plan_name = resource.get('BackupPlanName', 'unknown')
+        backup_plan = resource.get('BackupPlan', {})
+        
+        # Check backup rules
+        rules = backup_plan.get('Rules', [])
+        
+        if not rules:
+            compliance_status = ComplianceStatus.NON_COMPLIANT
+            evaluation_reason = f"Backup plan {plan_name} has no backup rules defined"
+        else:
+            # Validate each rule has appropriate frequency and retention
+            # Minimum: Daily backups, 7 days retention
+            compliant_rules = 0
+            issues = []
+            
+            for rule in rules:
+                rule_name = rule.get('RuleName', 'unnamed')
+                schedule = rule.get('ScheduleExpression', '')
+                retention_days = rule.get('Lifecycle', {}).get('DeleteAfterDays', 0)
+                
+                # Check frequency (should be at least daily)
+                if 'cron' in schedule.lower() or 'rate' in schedule.lower():
+                    # Basic validation - full implementation would parse schedule
+                    has_valid_frequency = True
+                else:
+                    has_valid_frequency = False
+                    issues.append(f"Rule '{rule_name}' has invalid schedule")
+                
+                # Check retention (should be at least 7 days)
+                if retention_days >= 7:
+                    has_valid_retention = True
+                else:
+                    has_valid_retention = False
+                    issues.append(f"Rule '{rule_name}' has insufficient retention ({retention_days} days)")
+                
+                if has_valid_frequency and has_valid_retention:
+                    compliant_rules += 1
+            
+            if compliant_rules == len(rules):
+                compliance_status = ComplianceStatus.COMPLIANT
+                evaluation_reason = f"Backup plan {plan_name} has {len(rules)} compliant rule(s)"
+            else:
+                compliance_status = ComplianceStatus.NON_COMPLIANT
+                evaluation_reason = f"Backup plan {plan_name} has issues: {'; '.join(issues)}"
+        
+        return ComplianceResult(
+            resource_id=plan_id,
+            resource_type="AWS::Backup::BackupPlan",
+            compliance_status=compliance_status,
+            evaluation_reason=evaluation_reason,
+            config_rule_name=self.rule_name,
+            region=region
+        )
+
+
+class BackupVaultAccessPolicyCheckAssessment(BaseConfigRuleAssessment):
+    """Assessment for backup-vault-access-policy-check Config rule."""
+    
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(
+            rule_name="backup-vault-access-policy-check",
+            control_id="11.2",
+            resource_types=["AWS::Backup::BackupVault"]
+        )
+    
+    def _get_resources(self, aws_factory: AWSClientFactory, resource_type: str, region: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Get all AWS Backup vaults in the region."""
+        if resource_type != "AWS::Backup::BackupVault":
+            return []
+        
+        try:
+            backup_client = aws_factory.get_client('backup', region)
+            
+            response = aws_factory.aws_api_call_with_retry(
+                lambda: backup_client.list_backup_vaults()
+            )
+            
+            vaults = []
+            for vault in response.get('BackupVaultList', []):
+                vault_name = vault.get('BackupVaultName')
+                
+                # Get vault access policy
+                try:
+                    policy_response = aws_factory.aws_api_call_with_retry(
+                        lambda: backup_client.get_backup_vault_access_policy(
+                            BackupVaultName=vault_name
+                        )
+                    )
+                    vault['AccessPolicy'] = policy_response.get('Policy')
+                except ClientError as e:
+                    if e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code') == 'ResourceNotFoundException':
+                        vault['AccessPolicy'] = None
+                    else:
+                        raise
+                
+                vaults.append(vault)
+            
+            return vaults
+            
+        except ClientError as e:
+            logger.error(f"Error retrieving backup vaults in region {region}: {e}")
+            raise
+    
+    def _evaluate_resource_compliance(self, resource: Dict[str, Any], aws_factory: AWSClientFactory, region: str) -> ComplianceResult:
+        """Evaluate if backup vault has secure access policy."""
+        vault_name = resource.get('BackupVaultName', 'unknown')
+        access_policy = resource.get('AccessPolicy')
+        
+        if not access_policy:
+            # No policy means default deny - this is secure
+            compliance_status = ComplianceStatus.COMPLIANT
+            evaluation_reason = f"Backup vault {vault_name} has no access policy (default deny)"
+        else:
+            # Check for overly permissive policies
+            import json
+            try:
+                policy_doc = json.loads(access_policy)
+                statements = policy_doc.get('Statement', [])
+                
+                # Check for public access
+                has_public_access = False
+                for statement in statements:
+                    principal = statement.get('Principal', {})
+                    if principal == '*' or principal.get('AWS') == '*':
+                        has_public_access = True
+                        break
+                
+                if has_public_access:
+                    compliance_status = ComplianceStatus.NON_COMPLIANT
+                    evaluation_reason = f"Backup vault {vault_name} has overly permissive access policy (allows public access)"
+                else:
+                    compliance_status = ComplianceStatus.COMPLIANT
+                    evaluation_reason = f"Backup vault {vault_name} has appropriate access policy"
+                    
+            except json.JSONDecodeError:
+                compliance_status = ComplianceStatus.ERROR
+                evaluation_reason = f"Backup vault {vault_name} has invalid access policy JSON"
+        
+        return ComplianceResult(
+            resource_id=vault_name,
+            resource_type="AWS::Backup::BackupVault",
+            compliance_status=compliance_status,
+            evaluation_reason=evaluation_reason,
+            config_rule_name=self.rule_name,
+            region=region
+        )
+```
+
+### Step 2: Register New Controls
+
+Update `aws_cis_assessment/core/assessment_engine.py`:
+
+```python
+# Add import
+from aws_cis_assessment.controls.ig1.control_aws_backup_service import (
+    BackupPlanMinFrequencyAndMinRetentionCheckAssessment,
+    BackupVaultAccessPolicyCheckAssessment,
+    # ... other new assessments
+)
+
+# Add to assessments dictionary
+'backup-plan-min-frequency-and-min-retention-check': BackupPlanMinFrequencyAndMinRetentionCheckAssessment(),
+'backup-vault-access-policy-check': BackupVaultAccessPolicyCheckAssessment(),
+```
+
+### Step 3: Update YAML Configuration
+
+Add to `aws_cis_assessment/config/rules/cis_controls_ig1.yaml`:
+
+```yaml
+- name: backup-plan-min-frequency-and-min-retention-check
+  resource_types:
+    - AWS::Backup::BackupPlan
+  parameters: {}
+  description: Validates AWS Backup plans have appropriate backup frequency and retention policies
+  remediation_guidance: |
+    Ensure backup plans have:
+    - Backup frequency of at least daily
+    - Retention period of at least 7 days
+    - Appropriate lifecycle policies
+
+- name: backup-vault-access-policy-check
+  resource_types:
+    - AWS::Backup::BackupVault
+  parameters: {}
+  description: Checks AWS Backup vault access policies for security
+  remediation_guidance: |
+    Ensure backup vaults:
+    - Do not allow public access
+    - Have restrictive access policies
+    - Follow principle of least privilege
+```
+
+### Step 4: Update IAM Permissions
+
+The `backup` service is already included in the IAM policy, but verify these actions are covered:
+
+```json
+{
+  "Effect": "Allow",
+  "Action": [
+    "backup:ListBackupPlans",
+    "backup:GetBackupPlan",
+    "backup:ListBackupVaults",
+    "backup:GetBackupVaultAccessPolicy",
+    "backup:ListBackupSelections",
+    "backup:GetBackupSelection",
+    "backup:ListRecoveryPointsByBackupVault",
+    "backup:DescribeRecoveryPoint",
+    "backup:ListReportPlans",
+    "backup:DescribeReportPlan",
+    "backup:ListRestoreTestingPlans",
+    "backup:GetRestoreTestingPlan",
+    "backup:DescribeProtectedResource"
+  ],
+  "Resource": "*"
+}
+```
+
+## Control Mapping Strategy
+
+### Recommended CIS Controls Mapping
+
+Map new AWS Backup controls to appropriate CIS Controls:
+
+**Control 11.2 - Perform Automated Backups:**
+- `backup-plan-min-frequency-and-min-retention-check` (IG1)
+- `backup-selection-resource-coverage-check` (IG1)
+- `backup-restore-testing-plan-exists-check` (IG2)
+
+**Control 11.3 - Protect Recovery Data:**
+- `backup-vault-access-policy-check` (IG1)
+- `backup-vault-lock-check` (IG2)
+- `backup-recovery-point-encrypted` (IG2) - already exists
+
+**Control 11.5 - Test Data Recovery:**
+- `backup-restore-testing-plan-exists-check` (IG2)
+
+**Control 3.11 - Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest:**
+- `backup-recovery-point-encrypted` (IG2) - already exists
+
+## Testing Strategy
+
+### Unit Tests
+
+Create `tests/test_aws_backup_service_controls.py`:
+
+```python
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+from aws_cis_assessment.controls.ig1.control_aws_backup_service import (
+    BackupPlanMinFrequencyAndMinRetentionCheckAssessment
+)
+
+def test_backup_plan_with_valid_rules():
+    """Test backup plan with valid frequency and retention."""
+    assessment = BackupPlanMinFrequencyAndMinRetentionCheckAssessment()
+    
+    resource = {
+        'BackupPlanId': 'plan-123',
+        'BackupPlanName': 'daily-backup',
+        'BackupPlan': {
+            'Rules': [{
+                'RuleName': 'daily-rule',
+                'ScheduleExpression': 'cron(0 5 * * ? *)',
+                'Lifecycle': {'DeleteAfterDays': 30}
+            }]
+        }
+    }
+    
+    # Test evaluation logic
+    # ...
+```
+
+### Integration Tests
+
+Test with real AWS Backup resources in a test account.
+
+## Migration Path
+
+### For Existing Users
+
+1. **No Breaking Changes**: Existing controls continue to work
+2. **Gradual Adoption**: New controls are additive
+3. **Backward Compatible**: Reports include both old and new controls
+
+### Deprecation Strategy (Optional)
+
+If you want to eventually consolidate:
+
+1. **Phase 1** (Current): Keep both resource-specific and service controls
+2. **Phase 2** (Future): Mark resource-specific controls as "legacy"
+3. **Phase 3** (Later): Optionally deprecate duplicates
+
+**Recommendation**: Keep both indefinitely - they serve different purposes.
+
+## Benefits of This Approach
+
+### 1. Comprehensive Coverage
+- **Resource-level**: "Is this specific DynamoDB table backed up?"
+- **Service-level**: "Is the backup infrastructure properly configured?"
+
+### 2. Flexibility
+- Organizations using AWS Backup centrally get service-level insights
+- Organizations using service-native backups get resource-level insights
+- Both approaches are validated
+
+### 3. Security Depth
+- Validates not just that backups exist, but that backup infrastructure is secure
+- Checks vault access policies, encryption, restore testing
+
+### 4. Operational Excellence
+- Ensures backup plans have appropriate frequency and retention
+- Validates restore testing is configured
+- Checks backup reporting for compliance monitoring
+
+## Example: Complete Control Flow
+
+```
+User runs assessment
+    ↓
+Resource-Specific Controls Execute:
+    - dynamodb-in-backup-plan: "Is table X in a backup plan?"
+    - ebs-in-backup-plan: "Is volume Y in a backup plan?"
+    ↓
+Service-Level Controls Execute:
+    - backup-plan-min-frequency-and-min-retention-check: "Do backup plans have good policies?"
+    - backup-vault-access-policy-check: "Are backup vaults secure?"
+    - backup-restore-testing-plan-exists-check: "Can we actually restore?"
+    ↓
+Report Generated:
+    - Shows both resource protection status AND backup infrastructure health
+    - Provides comprehensive backup compliance view
+```
+
+## Next Steps
+
+1. **Start with Core Controls**: Implement 2-3 most critical controls first
+2. **Test Thoroughly**: Validate with real AWS Backup resources
+3. **Document Well**: Update user guide with new controls
+4. **Gather Feedback**: See which controls users find most valuable
+5. **Iterate**: Add more controls based on user needs
+
+## Questions to Consider
+
+1. **Which controls are most critical for your use case?**
+   - Backup plan validation?
+   - Vault security?
+   - Restore testing?
+
+2. **What's your priority?**
+   - Quick wins (add 1-2 controls)?
+   - Comprehensive coverage (add all 6 controls)?
+
+3. **Do you want to enhance existing controls?**
+   - Fix placeholder implementations?
+   - Add actual AWS Backup API checks?
+
+## Conclusion
+
+The hybrid approach (keeping resource-specific controls + adding service-level controls) provides:
+- **Best coverage**: Both resource and infrastructure validation
+- **Flexibility**: Works for different backup strategies
+- **No breaking changes**: Existing functionality preserved
+- **Enhanced security**: Deeper backup infrastructure assessment
+
+This approach aligns with the tool's existing architecture and provides maximum value to users.
+
+---
+
+**Ready to implement?** Start with `BackupPlanMinFrequencyAndMinRetentionCheckAssessment` and `BackupVaultAccessPolicyCheckAssessment` as they provide immediate security value.