appier 1.34.7__py2.py3-none-any.whl → 1.34.8__py2.py3-none-any.whl

appier/http.py

@@ -1,1283 +1,1292 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-# Hive Appier Framework
-# Copyright (c) 2008-2024 Hive Solutions Lda.
-#
-# This file is part of Hive Appier Framework.
-#
-# Hive Appier Framework is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the Apache License as published by the Apache
-# Foundation, either version 2.0 of the License, or (at your option) any
-# later version.
-#
-# Hive Appier Framework is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-# Apache License for more details.
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the Apache License along with
-# Hive Appier Framework. If not, see <http://www.apache.org/licenses/>.
-
-__author__ = "João Magalhães <joamag@hive.pt>"
-""" The author(s) of the module """
-
-__copyright__ = "Copyright (c) 2008-2024 Hive Solutions Lda."
-""" The copyright for the module """
-
-__license__ = "Apache License, Version 2.0"
-""" The license for the module """
-
-import os
-import json
-import base64
-import string
-import random
-import logging
-import threading
-
-from . import util
-from . import common
-from . import legacy
-from . import typesf
-from . import config
-from . import exceptions
-from . import structures
-
-TIMEOUT = 60
-""" The timeout in seconds to be used for the blocking
-operations in the HTTP connection, this value avoid unwanted
-blocking operations to remain open for an infinite time """
-
-RANGE = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
-""" The range of characters that are going to be used in
-the generation of the boundary value for the mime """
-
-SEQUENCE_TYPES = (list, tuple)
-""" The sequence defining the various types that are
-considered to be sequence based for python """
-
-AUTH_ERRORS = (401, 403, 440, 499)
-""" The sequence that defines the various HTTP errors
-considered to be authentication related and for which a
-new authentication try will be performed """
-
-ACCESS_LOCK = threading.RLock()
-""" Global access lock used for locking global operations
-that require thread safety under the HTTP infra-structure """
-
-
-def file_g(path, chunk=40960):
-    yield os.path.getsize(path)
-    file = open(path, "rb")
-    try:
-        while True:
-            data = file.read(chunk)
-            if not data:
-                break
-            yield data
-    finally:
-        file.close()
-
-
-def get_f(*args, **kwargs):
-    name = kwargs.pop("name", "default")
-    kwargs["handle"] = kwargs.get("handle", True)
-    kwargs["redirect"] = kwargs.get("redirect", True)
-    data, response = get(*args, **kwargs)
-    info = response.info()
-    mime = info.get("Content-Type", None)
-    file_tuple = util.FileTuple((name, mime, data))
-    return typesf.File(file_tuple)
-
-
-def get(
-    url,
-    params=None,
-    headers=None,
-    handle=None,
-    silent=None,
-    redirect=None,
-    timeout=None,
-    auth_callback=None,
-    **kwargs
-):
-    return _method(
-        _get,
-        url,
-        params=params,
-        headers=headers,
-        handle=handle,
-        silent=silent,
-        redirect=redirect,
-        timeout=timeout,
-        auth_callback=auth_callback,
-        **kwargs
-    )
-
-
-def post(
-    url,
-    params=None,
-    data=None,
-    data_j=None,
-    data_m=None,
-    headers=None,
-    mime=None,
-    handle=None,
-    silent=None,
-    redirect=None,
-    timeout=None,
-    auth_callback=None,
-    **kwargs
-):
-    return _method(
-        _post,
-        url,
-        params=params,
-        data=data,
-        data_j=data_j,
-        data_m=data_m,
-        headers=headers,
-        mime=mime,
-        handle=handle,
-        silent=silent,
-        redirect=redirect,
-        timeout=timeout,
-        auth_callback=auth_callback,
-        **kwargs
-    )
-
-
-def put(
-    url,
-    params=None,
-    data=None,
-    data_j=None,
-    data_m=None,
-    headers=None,
-    mime=None,
-    handle=None,
-    silent=None,
-    redirect=None,
-    timeout=None,
-    auth_callback=None,
-    **kwargs
-):
-    return _method(
-        _put,
-        url,
-        params=params,
-        data=data,
-        data_j=data_j,
-        data_m=data_m,
-        headers=headers,
-        mime=mime,
-        handle=handle,
-        silent=silent,
-        redirect=redirect,
-        timeout=timeout,
-        auth_callback=auth_callback,
-        **kwargs
-    )
-
-
-def delete(
-    url,
-    params=None,
-    headers=None,
-    handle=None,
-    silent=None,
-    redirect=None,
-    timeout=None,
-    auth_callback=None,
-    **kwargs
-):
-    return _method(
-        _delete,
-        url,
-        params=params,
-        headers=headers,
-        handle=handle,
-        silent=silent,
-        redirect=redirect,
-        timeout=timeout,
-        auth_callback=auth_callback,
-        **kwargs
-    )
-
-
-def patch(
-    url,
-    params=None,
-    data=None,
-    data_j=None,
-    data_m=None,
-    headers=None,
-    mime=None,
-    handle=None,
-    silent=None,
-    redirect=None,
-    timeout=None,
-    auth_callback=None,
-    **kwargs
-):
-    return _method(
-        _patch,
-        url,
-        params=params,
-        data=data,
-        data_j=data_j,
-        data_m=data_m,
-        headers=headers,
-        mime=mime,
-        handle=handle,
-        silent=silent,
-        redirect=redirect,
-        timeout=timeout,
-        auth_callback=auth_callback,
-        **kwargs
-    )
-
-
-def basic_auth(username, password=None):
-    if not password:
-        password = username
-    authorization = _authorization(username, password)
-    return "Basic %s" % authorization
-
-
-def _try_auth(auth_callback, params, headers=None):
-    if not auth_callback:
-        raise
-    if headers == None:
-        headers = dict()
-    auth_callback(params, headers)
-
-
-def _method(method, *args, **kwargs):
-    try:
-        auth_callback = kwargs.pop("auth_callback", None)
-        result = method(*args, **kwargs)
-    except legacy.HTTPError as error:
-        try:
-            params = kwargs.get("params", None)
-            headers = kwargs.get("headers", None)
-            if not error.code in AUTH_ERRORS:
-                raise
-            _try_auth(auth_callback, params, headers)
-            result = method(*args, **kwargs)
-        except legacy.HTTPError as error:
-            code = error.getcode()
-            raise exceptions.HTTPError(error, code)
-
-    return result
-
-
-def _get(
-    url,
-    params=None,
-    headers=None,
-    handle=None,
-    silent=None,
-    redirect=None,
-    timeout=None,
-    **kwargs
-):
-    return _method_empty(
-        "GET",
-        url,
-        params=params,
-        headers=headers,
-        handle=handle,
-        silent=silent,
-        redirect=redirect,
-        timeout=timeout,
-        **kwargs
-    )
-
-
-def _post(
-    url,
-    params=None,
-    data=None,
-    data_j=None,
-    data_m=None,
-    headers=None,
-    mime=None,
-    handle=None,
-    silent=None,
-    redirect=None,
-    timeout=None,
-    **kwargs
-):
-    return _method_payload(
-        "POST",
-        url,
-        params=params,
-        data=data,
-        data_j=data_j,
-        data_m=data_m,
-        headers=headers,
-        mime=mime,
-        handle=handle,
-        silent=silent,
-        redirect=redirect,
-        timeout=timeout,
-        **kwargs
-    )
-
-
-def _put(
-    url,
-    params=None,
-    data=None,
-    data_j=None,
-    data_m=None,
-    headers=None,
-    mime=None,
-    handle=None,
-    silent=None,
-    redirect=None,
-    timeout=None,
-    **kwargs
-):
-    return _method_payload(
-        "PUT",
-        url,
-        params=params,
-        data=data,
-        data_j=data_j,
-        data_m=data_m,
-        headers=headers,
-        mime=mime,
-        handle=handle,
-        silent=silent,
-        redirect=redirect,
-        timeout=timeout,
-        **kwargs
-    )
-
-
-def _delete(
-    url,
-    params=None,
-    headers=None,
-    handle=None,
-    silent=None,
-    redirect=None,
-    timeout=None,
-    **kwargs
-):
-    return _method_empty(
-        "DELETE",
-        url,
-        params=params,
-        headers=headers,
-        handle=handle,
-        silent=silent,
-        redirect=redirect,
-        timeout=timeout,
-        **kwargs
-    )
-
-
-def _patch(
-    url,
-    params=None,
-    data=None,
-    data_j=None,
-    data_m=None,
-    headers=None,
-    mime=None,
-    handle=None,
-    silent=None,
-    redirect=None,
-    timeout=None,
-    **kwargs
-):
-    return _method_payload(
-        "PATCH",
-        url,
-        params=params,
-        data=data,
-        data_j=data_j,
-        data_m=data_m,
-        headers=headers,
-        mime=mime,
-        handle=handle,
-        silent=silent,
-        redirect=redirect,
-        timeout=timeout,
-        **kwargs
-    )
-
-
-def _method_empty(
-    name,
-    url,
-    params=None,
-    headers=None,
-    handle=None,
-    silent=None,
-    redirect=None,
-    timeout=None,
-    **kwargs
-):
-    if handle == None:
-        handle = False
-    if silent == None:
-        silent = config.conf("HTTP_SILENT", False, cast=bool)
-    if redirect == None:
-        redirect = config.conf("HTTP_REDIRECT", False, cast=bool)
-    if timeout == None:
-        timeout = config.conf("HTTP_TIMEOUT", TIMEOUT, cast=int)
-    values = params or dict()
-
-    values_s = " with '%s'" % str(values) if values else ""
-    if not silent:
-        logging.debug("%s %s%s" % (name, url, values_s))
-
-    url, scheme, host, authorization, extra = _parse_url(url)
-    if extra:
-        values.update(extra)
-    data = _urlencode(values)
-
-    headers = dict(headers) if headers else dict()
-    if host:
-        headers["Host"] = host
-    if authorization:
-        headers["Authorization"] = "Basic %s" % authorization
-    url = url + "?" + data if data else url
-    url = str(url)
-
-    _method_callback(handle, kwargs)
-
-    # runs the concrete resolution method (taking into account the adapter)
-    # providing it with the required parameters for request execution
-    file = _resolve(url, name, headers, None, silent, timeout, **kwargs)
-
-    # verifies if the resulting "file" from the resolution process is either
-    # an invalid or tuple value and if that's the case as the request has
-    # probably been deferred for asynchronous execution
-    if file == None:
-        return file
-    if isinstance(file, tuple):
-        return file
-
-    try:
-        result = file.read()
-    finally:
-        file.close()
-
-    code = file.getcode()
-    info = file.info()
-
-    location = info.get("Location", None) if redirect else None
-    if location:
-        return _redirect(
-            location,
-            scheme,
-            host,
-            handle=handle,
-            silent=silent,
-            redirect=redirect,
-            timeout=timeout,
-            **kwargs
-        )
-
-    if not silent:
-        logging.debug("%s %s returned '%d'" % (name, url, code))
-
-    result = _result(result, info)
-    return (result, file) if handle else result
-
-
-def _method_payload(
-    name,
-    url,
-    params=None,
-    data=None,
-    data_j=None,
-    data_m=None,
-    headers=None,
-    mime=None,
-    handle=None,
-    silent=None,
-    redirect=None,
-    timeout=None,
-    **kwargs
-):
-    if handle == None:
-        handle = False
-    if silent == None:
-        silent = config.conf("HTTP_SILENT", False, cast=bool)
-    if redirect == None:
-        redirect = config.conf("HTTP_REDIRECT", False, cast=bool)
-    if timeout == None:
-        timeout = config.conf("HTTP_TIMEOUT", TIMEOUT, cast=int)
-    values = params or dict()
-
-    values_s = " with '%s'" % str(values) if values else ""
-    if not silent:
-        logging.debug("%s %s%s" % (name, url, values_s))
-
-    url, scheme, host, authorization, extra = _parse_url(url)
-    if extra:
-        values.update(extra)
-    data_e = _urlencode(values)
-
-    if not data == None:
-        url = url + "?" + data_e if data_e else url
-    elif not data_j == None:
-        data = json.dumps(data_j)
-        url = url + "?" + data_e if data_e else url
-        mime = mime or "application/json"
-    elif not data_m == None:
-        url = url + "?" + data_e if data_e else url
-        content_type, data = _encode_multipart(data_m, mime=mime, doseq=True)
-        mime = content_type
-    elif data_e:
-        data = data_e
-        mime = mime or "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
-
-    if legacy.is_unicode(data):
-        data = legacy.bytes(data, force=True)
-
-    if not data:
-        length = 0
-    elif legacy.is_bytes(data):
-        length = len(data)
-    else:
-        length = -1
-
-    headers = dict(headers) if headers else dict()
-    if not length == -1:
-        headers["Content-Length"] = str(length)
-    if mime:
-        headers["Content-Type"] = mime
-    if host:
-        headers["Host"] = host
-    if authorization:
-        headers["Authorization"] = "Basic %s" % authorization
-    url = str(url)
-
-    _method_callback(handle, kwargs)
-    file = _resolve(url, name, headers, data, silent, timeout, **kwargs)
-    if file == None:
-        return file
-
-    try:
-        result = file.read()
-    finally:
-        file.close()
-
-    code = file.getcode()
-    info = file.info()
-
-    location = info.get("Location", None) if redirect else None
-    if location:
-        return _redirect(
-            location,
-            scheme,
-            host,
-            handle=handle,
-            silent=silent,
-            redirect=redirect,
-            timeout=timeout,
-        )
-
-    if not silent:
-        logging.debug("%s %s returned '%d'" % (name, url, code))
-
-    result = _result(result, info)
-    return (result, file) if handle else result
-
-
-def _method_callback(handle, kwargs):
-    # tries to determine if a callback value has been registered
-    # in the set of keyword argument and if that's not the case
-    # returns immediately (nothing to be done)
-    callback = kwargs.get("callback", None)
-    if not callback:
-        return
-
-    def callback_wrap(file):
-        # determines if the received file is valid (no error)
-        # or if instead there's an error with the connection
-        # and an invalid/unset value has been provided
-        if file:
-            info = file.info()
-            try:
-                result = file.read()
-            finally:
-                file.close()
-            result = _result(result, info)
-        else:
-            result = None
-
-        # taking into account the handle flag determines the
-        # kind of result structure that should be "returned"
-        result = (result, file) if handle else (result,)
-        callback(*result)
-
-    # sets the "new" callback clojure in the set of keyword
-    # based arguments for the calling of the HTTP handler method
-    # so that this new callback is called instead of the original
-    kwargs["callback"] = callback_wrap
-
-
-def _redirect(
-    location,
-    scheme,
-    host,
-    handle=None,
-    silent=None,
-    redirect=None,
-    timeout=None,
-    **kwargs
-):
-    is_relative = location.startswith("/")
-    if is_relative:
-        location = scheme + "://" + host + location
-    logging.debug("Redirecting to %s" % location)
-    return get(
-        location,
-        handle=handle,
-        silent=silent,
-        redirect=redirect,
-        timeout=timeout,
-        **kwargs
-    )
-
-
-def _resolve(*args, **kwargs):
-    # obtains the reference to the global set of variables, so
-    # that it's possible to obtain the proper resolver method
-    # according to the requested client
-    _global = globals()
-
-    # tries to retrieve the global configuration values that
-    # will condition the way the request is going to be performed
-    client = config.conf("HTTP_CLIENT", "netius")
-    reuse = config.conf("HTTP_REUSE", True, cast=bool)
-
-    # tries to determine the set of configurations requested on
-    # a request basis (not global) these have priority when
-    # compared with the global configuration ones
-    client = kwargs.pop("client", client)
-    reuse = kwargs.pop("reuse", reuse)
-
-    # sets the value for connection re-usage so that a connection
-    # pool is used if request, otherwise one connection per request
-    # is going to be used (at the expense of resources)
-    kwargs["reuse"] = reuse
-
-    # tries to retrieve the reference to the resolve method for the
-    # current client and then runs it, retrieve then the final result,
-    # note that the result structure may be engine dependent
-    resolver = _global.get("_resolve_" + client, _resolve_legacy)
-    try:
-        result = resolver(*args, **kwargs)
-    except ImportError:
-        result = _resolve_legacy(*args, **kwargs)
-    return result
-
-
-def _resolve_legacy(url, method, headers, data, silent, timeout, **kwargs):
-    is_generator = not data == None and legacy.is_generator(data)
-    if is_generator:
-        next(data)
-        data = b"".join(data)
-    is_file = hasattr(data, "tell")
-    if is_file:
-        data = data.read()
-    opener = legacy.build_opener(legacy.HTTPHandler)
-    request = legacy.Request(url, data=data, headers=headers)
-    request.get_method = lambda: method
-    return opener.open(request, timeout=timeout)
-
-
-def _resolve_requests(url, method, headers, data, silent, timeout, **kwargs):
-    util.ensure_pip("requests")
-    import requests
-
-    global _requests_session
-
-    # retrieves the various dynamic parameters for the HTTP client
-    # usage under the requests infra-structure
-    reuse = kwargs.get("reuse", True)
-    connections = kwargs.get("connections", 256)
-
-    # verifies if the provided data is a generator, assumes that if the
-    # data is not invalid and is of type generator then it's a generator
-    # and then if that's the case encapsulates this size based generator
-    # into a generator based file-like object so that it can be used inside
-    # the request infra-structure (as it accepts only file objects)
-    is_generator = not data == None and legacy.is_generator(data)
-    if is_generator:
-        data = structures.GeneratorFile(data)
-
-    # verifies if the session for the requests infra-structure is
-    # already created and if that's not the case and the re-use
-    # flag is sets creates a new session for the requested settings
-    registered = "_requests_session" in globals()
-    if not registered and reuse:
-        _requests_session = requests.Session()
-        adapter = requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter(
-            pool_connections=connections, pool_maxsize=connections
-        )
-        _requests_session.mount("", adapter)
-
-    # determines the based object from which the concrete methods
-    # are going to be loaded by inspecting the re-use flag
-    if reuse:
-        base = _requests_session
-    else:
-        base = requests
-
-    # converts the string based method value into a lower cased value
-    # and then uses it to retrieve the method object method (callable)
-    # that is going to be called to perform the request
-    method = method.lower()
-    caller = getattr(base, method)
-
-    # runs the caller method (according to selected method) and waits for
-    # the result object converting it then to the target response object
-    result = caller(url, headers=headers, data=data, timeout=timeout)
-    response = HTTPResponse(
-        data=result.content, code=result.status_code, headers=result.headers
-    )
-
-    # retrieves the response code of the created response and verifies if
-    # it represent an error, if that's the case raised an error exception
-    # to the upper layers to break the current execution logic properly
-    code = response.getcode()
-    is_error = _is_error(code)
-    if is_error:
-        raise legacy.HTTPError(url, code, "HTTP retrieval problem", None, response)
-
-    # returns the final response object to the caller method, this object
-    # should comply with the proper upper layers structure
-    return response
-
-
-def _resolve_netius(url, method, headers, data, silent, timeout, **kwargs):
-    util.ensure_pip("netius")
-    import netius.clients
-
-    # determines the final value of the silent flag taking into
-    # account if the current infra-structure is not running under
-    # a development environment
-    silent = silent or False
-    silent |= not common.is_devel()
-
-    # converts the provided dictionary of headers into a new map to
-    # allow any re-writing of values, valuable for a re-connect
-    headers = dict(headers)
-
-    # tries to determine the proper level of verbosity to be used by
-    # the client, for that the system tries to determine if the current
-    # execution environment is a development one (verbose)
-    level = logging.CRITICAL if silent else logging.DEBUG
-
-    # retrieves the various dynamic parameters for the HTTP client
-    # usage under the netius infra-structure
-    retry = kwargs.get("retry", 1)
-    reuse = kwargs.get("reuse", True)
-    level = kwargs.get("level", level)
-    asynchronous = kwargs.get("async", False)
-    asynchronous = kwargs.get("asynchronous", asynchronous)
-    use_file = kwargs.get("use_file", False)
-    callback = kwargs.get("callback", None)
-    callback_init = kwargs.get("callback_init", None)
-    callback_open = kwargs.get("callback_open", None)
-    callback_headers = kwargs.get("callback_headers", None)
-    callback_data = kwargs.get("callback_data", None)
-    callback_result = kwargs.get("callback_result", None)
-
-    # re-calculates the retry and re-use flags taking into account
-    # the async flag, if the execution mode is async we don't want
-    # to re-use the HTTP client as it would create issues
-    retry, reuse = (0, False) if asynchronous else (retry, reuse)
-
-    # creates the proper set of extra parameters to be sent to the
-    # HTTP client taking into account a possible async method request
-    extra = (
-        _async_netius(
-            callback=callback,
-            callback_init=callback_init,
-            callback_open=callback_open,
-            callback_headers=callback_headers,
-            callback_data=callback_data,
-            callback_result=callback_result,
-        )
-        if asynchronous
-        else dict(
-            on_init=lambda c: callback_init and callback_init(c),
-            on_open=lambda c: callback_open and callback_open(c),
-            on_headers=lambda c, p: callback_headers and callback_headers(p.headers),
-            on_data=lambda c, p, d: callback_data and callback_data(d),
-            on_result=lambda c, p, r: callback_result and callback_result(r),
-        )
-    )
-
-    # verifies if client re-usage must be enforced and if that's the
-    # case the global client object is requested (singleton) otherwise
-    # the client should be created inside the HTTP client static method
-    http_client = _client_netius(level=level) if reuse else None
-    result = netius.clients.HTTPClient.method_s(
-        method,
-        url,
-        headers=headers,
-        data=data,
-        asynchronous=asynchronous,
-        timeout=timeout,
-        use_file=use_file,
-        http_client=http_client,
-        level=level,
-        **extra
-    )
-
-    # if the async mode is defined the result (tuple) is returned immediately
-    # as the processing will be taking place latter (on callback)
-    if asynchronous:
-        return result
-
-    # tries to retrieve any possible error coming from the result object
-    # if this happens it means an exception has been raised internally and
-    # the error should be handled in a proper manner, if the error is related
-    # to a closed connection a retry may be performed to try to re-establish
-    # the connection (allows for reconnection in connection pool)
-    error = result.get("error", None)
-    if error == "closed" and retry > 0:
-        kwargs["retry"] = retry - 1
-        return _resolve_netius(url, method, headers, data, silent, timeout, **kwargs)
-
-    # converts the netius specific result map into a response compatible
-    # object (equivalent to the urllib one) to be used by the upper layers
-    # under an equivalent and compatible approach note that this conversion
-    # may raise an exception in case the result represent an error
-    response = netius.clients.HTTPClient.to_response(result)
-
-    # retrieves the response code of the created response and verifies if
-    # it represent an error, if that's the case raised an error exception
-    # to the upper layers to break the current execution logic properly
-    code = response.getcode()
-    is_error = _is_error(code)
-    if is_error:
-        raise legacy.HTTPError(url, code, "HTTP retrieval problem", None, response)
-
-    # returns the final response object to the upper layers, this object
-    # may be used freely under the compatibility interface it provides
-    return response
-
-
-def _client_netius(level=logging.CRITICAL):
-    import netius.clients
-
-    global _netius_clients
-
-    # retrieves the reference to the current thread and uses the value
-    # to retrieve the thread identifier (TID) for it, to be used in the
-    # identification of the client resource associated with it
-    tid = threading.current_thread().ident
-
-    # acquires the global HTTP lock and executes a series of validation
-    # and initialization of the netius client infra-structure, this
-    # operations required thread safety
-    ACCESS_LOCK.acquire()
-    try:
-        registered = "_netius_clients" in globals()
-        _netius_clients = _netius_clients if registered else dict()
-        netius_client = _netius_clients.get(tid, None)
-    finally:
-        ACCESS_LOCK.release()
-
-    # in case a previously created netius client has been retrieved
-    # returns it to the caller method for proper re-usage
-    if netius_client:
-        return netius_client
-
-    # creates the "new" HTTP client for the current thread and registers
-    # it under the netius client structure so that it may be re-used
-    netius_client = netius.clients.HTTPClient(auto_release=False)
-    _netius_clients[tid] = netius_client
-
-    # in case this is the first registration of the dictionary a new on
-    # exit callback is registered to cleanup the netius infra-structure
-    # then the final client is returned to the caller of the method
-    if not registered:
-        common.base().on_exit(_cleanup_netius)
-    return netius_client
-
-
-def _async_netius(
-    callback=None,
-    callback_init=None,
-    callback_open=None,
-    callback_headers=None,
-    callback_data=None,
-    callback_result=None,
-):
-    import netius.clients
-
-    buffer = []
-    extra = dict()
-
-    def _on_init(protocol):
-        callback_init and callback_init(protocol)
-
-    def _on_open(protocol):
-        callback_open and callback_open(protocol)
-
-    def _on_close(protocol):
-        callback and callback(None)
-
-    def _on_headers(protocol, parser):
-        callback_headers and callback_headers(parser.headers)
-
-    def _on_data(protocol, parser, data):
-        data = data
-        data and buffer.append(data)
-        callback_data and callback_data(data)
-
-    def _on_result(protocol, parser, result):
-        callback_result and callback_result(result)
-
-    def _callback(protocol, parser, message):
-        result = netius.clients.HTTPProtocol.set_request(parser, buffer)
-        response = netius.clients.HTTPClient.to_response(result)
-        callback and callback(response)
-
-    extra["callback"] = _callback
-    extra["on_data"] = _on_data
-    if callback_init:
-        extra["_on_init"] = _on_init
-    if callback_open:
-        extra["on_open"] = _on_open
-    if callback:
-        extra["on_close"] = _on_close
-    if callback_headers:
-        extra["on_headers"] = _on_headers
-    if callback_result:
-        extra["on_result"] = _on_result
-
-    return extra
-
-
-def _cleanup_netius():
-    global _netius_clients
-    for netius_client in _netius_clients.values():
-        netius_client.cleanup()
-    del _netius_clients
-
-
-def _parse_url(url):
-    parse = legacy.urlparse(url)
-    scheme = parse.scheme
-    secure = scheme == "https"
-    default = 443 if secure else 80
-    port = parse.port or default
-    url = parse.scheme + "://" + parse.hostname + ":" + str(port) + parse.path
-    if port in (80, 443):
-        host = parse.hostname
-    else:
-        host = parse.hostname + ":" + str(port)
-    authorization = _authorization(parse.username, parse.password)
-    params = _params(parse.query)
-    return (url, scheme, host, authorization, params)
-
-
-def _result(data, info={}, force=False, strict=False):
-    # tries to retrieve the content type value from the headers
-    # info and verifies if the current data is JSON encoded, so
-    # that it gets automatically decoded for such cases
-    content_type = info.get("Content-Type", None) or ""
-    is_json = (
-        util.is_content_type(
-            content_type, ("application/json", "text/json", "text/javascript")
-        )
-        or force
-    )
-
-    # verifies if the current result set is JSON encoded and in
-    # case it's decodes it and loads it as JSON otherwise returns
-    # the "raw" data to the caller method as expected, note that
-    # the strict flag is used to determine if the exception should
-    # be re-raised to the upper level in case of value error
-    if is_json and legacy.is_bytes(data):
-        data = data.decode("utf-8")
-    try:
-        data = json.loads(data) if is_json else data
-    except ValueError:
-        if strict:
-            raise
-    return data
-
-
-def _params(query):
-    # creates the dictionary that is going to be used to store the
-    # complete information regarding the parameters in query
-    params = dict()
-
-    # validates that the provided query value is valid and if
-    # that's not the case returns the created parameters immediately
-    # (empty parameters are returned)
-    if not query:
-        return params
-
-    # splits the query value around the initial parameter separator
-    # symbol and iterates over each of them to parse them and create
-    # the proper parameters dictionary (of lists)
-    query_s = query.split("&")
-    for part in query_s:
-        parts = part.split("=", 1)
-        if len(parts) == 1:
-            value = ""
-        else:
-            value = parts[1]
-        key = parts[0]
-        key = legacy.unquote_plus(key)
-        value = legacy.unquote_plus(value)
-        param = params.get(key, [])
-        param.append(value)
-        params[key] = param
-
-    # returns the final parameters dictionary to the caller method
-    # so that it may be used as a proper structure representation
-    return params
-
-
-def _urlencode(values, as_string=True):
-    # creates the list that will hold the final tuple of values
-    # (without the unset and invalid values)
-    final = []
-
-    # verifies if the provided value is a sequence and in case it's
-    # not converts it into a sequence (assuming a map)
-    is_sequence = isinstance(values, (list, tuple))
-    if not is_sequence:
-        values = values.items()
-
-    # iterates over all the items in the values sequence to
-    # try to filter the values that are not valid
-    for key, value in values:
-        # creates the list that will hold the valid values
-        # of the current key in iteration (sanitized values)
-        _values = []
-
-        # in case the current data type of the key is unicode
-        # the value must be converted into a string using the
-        # default utf encoding strategy (as defined)
-        if type(key) == legacy.UNICODE:
-            key = key.encode("utf-8")
-
-        # verifies the type of the current value and in case
-        # it's sequence based converts it into a list using
-        # the conversion method otherwise creates a new list
-        # and includes the value in it
-        value_t = type(value)
-        if value_t in SEQUENCE_TYPES:
-            value = list(value)
-        else:
-            value = [value]
-
-        # iterates over all the values in the current sequence
-        # and adds the valid values to the sanitized sequence,
-        # this includes the conversion from unicode string into
-        # a simple string using the default utf encoder
-        for _value in value:
-            if _value == None:
-                continue
-            is_string = type(_value) in legacy.STRINGS
-            if not is_string:
-                _value = str(_value)
-            is_unicode = type(_value) == legacy.UNICODE
-            if is_unicode:
-                _value = _value.encode("utf-8")
-            _values.append(_value)
-
-        # sets the sanitized list of values as the new value for
-        # the key in the final dictionary of values
-        final.append((key, _values))
-
-    # in case the "as string" flag is not set the ended key to value
-    # dictionary should be returned to the called method and not the
-    # "default" linear and string based value
-    if not as_string:
-        return final
-
-    # runs the encoding with sequence support on the final map
-    # of sanitized values and returns the encoded result to the
-    # caller method as the encoded value
-    return legacy.urlencode(final, doseq=True)
-
-
-def _quote(values, plus=False, safe="/"):
-    method = legacy.quote_plus if plus else legacy.quote
-    values = _urlencode(values, as_string=False)
-
-    final = dict()
-
-    for key, value in values:
-        key = method(key, safe=safe)
-        value = method(value[0], safe=safe)
-        final[key] = value
-
-    return final
-
-
-def _authorization(username, password):
-    if not username:
-        return None
-    if not password:
-        return None
-    payload = "%s:%s" % (username, password)
-    payload = legacy.bytes(payload)
-    authorization = base64.b64encode(payload)
-    authorization = legacy.str(authorization)
-    return authorization
-
-
-def _encode_multipart(fields, mime=None, doseq=False):
-    mime = mime or "multipart/form-data"
-    boundary = _create_boundary(fields, doseq=doseq)
-    boundary_b = legacy.bytes(boundary)
-
-    buffer = []
-
-    for key, values in fields.items():
-        is_list = doseq and type(values) == list
-        values = values if is_list else [values]
-
-        for value in values:
-            if value == None:
-                continue
-
-            if isinstance(value, dict):
-                header_l = []
-                data = None
-                for key, item in value.items():
-                    if key == "data":
-                        data = item
-                    else:
-                        header_l.append("%s: %s" % (key, item))
-                value = data
-                header = "\r\n".join(header_l)
-            elif isinstance(value, tuple):
-                content_type = None
-                if len(value) == 2:
-                    name, contents = value
-                else:
-                    name, content_type, contents = value
-                header = 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"; filename="%s"' % (
-                    key,
-                    name,
-                )
-                if content_type:
-                    header += "\r\nContent-Type: %s" % content_type
-                value = contents
-            else:
-                header = 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % key
-                value = _encode(value)
-
-            header = _encode(header)
-            value = _encode(value)
-
-            buffer.append(b"--" + boundary_b)
-            buffer.append(header)
-            buffer.append(b"")
-            buffer.append(value)
-
-    buffer.append(b"--" + boundary_b + b"--")
-    buffer.append(b"")
-    body = b"\r\n".join(buffer)
-    content_type = "%s; boundary=%s" % (mime, boundary)
-
-    return content_type, body
-
-
-def _create_boundary(fields, size=32, doseq=False):
-    while True:
-        base = "".join(random.choice(RANGE) for _value in range(size))
-        boundary = "----------" + base
-        result = _try_boundary(fields, boundary, doseq=doseq)
-        if result:
-            break
-
-    return boundary
-
-
-def _try_boundary(fields, boundary, doseq=False):
-    boundary_b = legacy.bytes(boundary)
-
-    for key, values in fields.items():
-        is_list = doseq and type(values) == list
-        values = values if is_list else [values]
-
-        for value in values:
-            if isinstance(value, dict):
-                name = ""
-                value = value.get("data", b"")
-            elif isinstance(value, tuple):
-                if len(value) == 2:
-                    name = value[0] or ""
-                    value = value[1] or b""
-                else:
-                    name = value[0] or ""
-                    value = value[2] or b""
-            else:
-                name = ""
-                value = _encode(value)
-
-            if not key.find(boundary) == -1:
-                return False
-            if not name.find(boundary) == -1:
-                return False
-            if not value.find(boundary_b) == -1:
-                return False
-
-    return True
-
-
-def _is_error(code):
-    return code // 100 in (4, 5) if code else True
-
-
-def _encode(value, encoding="utf-8"):
-    value_t = type(value)
-    if value_t == legacy.BYTES:
-        return value
-    elif value_t == legacy.UNICODE:
-        return value.encode(encoding)
-    return legacy.bytes(str(value))
-
-
-class HTTPResponse(object):
-    """
-    Compatibility object to be used by HTTP libraries that do
-    not support the legacy HTTP response object as a return
-    for any of their structures.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, data=None, code=200, status=None, headers=None):
-        self.data = data
-        self.code = code
-        self.status = status
-        self.headers = headers
-
-    def read(self):
-        return self.data
-
-    def readline(self):
-        return self.read()
-
-    def close(self):
-        pass
-
-    def getcode(self):
-        return self.code
-
-    def info(self):
-        return self.headers
+#!/usr/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Hive Appier Framework
+# Copyright (c) 2008-2024 Hive Solutions Lda.
+#
+# This file is part of Hive Appier Framework.
+#
+# Hive Appier Framework is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the Apache License as published by the Apache
+# Foundation, either version 2.0 of the License, or (at your option) any
+# later version.
+#
+# Hive Appier Framework is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# Apache License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the Apache License along with
+# Hive Appier Framework. If not, see <http://www.apache.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""appier.http
+
+Unified HTTP helper wrapping requests for synchronous calls.
+Provides thin convenience functions (`get`, `post`, etc.) that
+automatically propagate headers, query strings and timeouts as
+expected by Appier internals. Used by API clients and tests to
+execute outbound requests in a consistent way.
+"""
+
+__author__ = "João Magalhães <joamag@hive.pt>"
+""" The author(s) of the module """
+
+__copyright__ = "Copyright (c) 2008-2024 Hive Solutions Lda."
+""" The copyright for the module """
+
+__license__ = "Apache License, Version 2.0"
+""" The license for the module """
+
+import os
+import json
+import base64
+import string
+import random
+import logging
+import threading
+
+from . import util
+from . import common
+from . import legacy
+from . import typesf
+from . import config
+from . import exceptions
+from . import structures
+
+TIMEOUT = 60
+""" The timeout in seconds to be used for the blocking
+operations in the HTTP connection, this value avoid unwanted
+blocking operations to remain open for an infinite time """
+
+RANGE = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
+""" The range of characters that are going to be used in
+the generation of the boundary value for the mime """
+
+SEQUENCE_TYPES = (list, tuple)
+""" The sequence defining the various types that are
+considered to be sequence based for python """
+
+AUTH_ERRORS = (401, 403, 440, 499)
+""" The sequence that defines the various HTTP errors
+considered to be authentication related and for which a
+new authentication try will be performed """
+
+ACCESS_LOCK = threading.RLock()
+""" Global access lock used for locking global operations
+that require thread safety under the HTTP infra-structure """
+
+
+def file_g(path, chunk=40960):
+    yield os.path.getsize(path)
+    file = open(path, "rb")
+    try:
+        while True:
+            data = file.read(chunk)
+            if not data:
+                break
+            yield data
+    finally:
+        file.close()
+
+
+def get_f(*args, **kwargs):
+    name = kwargs.pop("name", "default")
+    kwargs["handle"] = kwargs.get("handle", True)
+    kwargs["redirect"] = kwargs.get("redirect", True)
+    data, response = get(*args, **kwargs)
+    info = response.info()
+    mime = info.get("Content-Type", None)
+    file_tuple = util.FileTuple((name, mime, data))
+    return typesf.File(file_tuple)
+
+
+def get(
+    url,
+    params=None,
+    headers=None,
+    handle=None,
+    silent=None,
+    redirect=None,
+    timeout=None,
+    auth_callback=None,
+    **kwargs
+):
+    return _method(
+        _get,
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        handle=handle,
+        silent=silent,
+        redirect=redirect,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        auth_callback=auth_callback,
+        **kwargs
+    )
+
+
+def post(
+    url,
+    params=None,
+    data=None,
+    data_j=None,
+    data_m=None,
+    headers=None,
+    mime=None,
+    handle=None,
+    silent=None,
+    redirect=None,
+    timeout=None,
+    auth_callback=None,
+    **kwargs
+):
+    return _method(
+        _post,
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        data=data,
+        data_j=data_j,
+        data_m=data_m,
+        headers=headers,
+        mime=mime,
+        handle=handle,
+        silent=silent,
+        redirect=redirect,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        auth_callback=auth_callback,
+        **kwargs
+    )
+
+
+def put(
+    url,
+    params=None,
+    data=None,
+    data_j=None,
+    data_m=None,
+    headers=None,
+    mime=None,
+    handle=None,
+    silent=None,
+    redirect=None,
+    timeout=None,
+    auth_callback=None,
+    **kwargs
+):
+    return _method(
+        _put,
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        data=data,
+        data_j=data_j,
+        data_m=data_m,
+        headers=headers,
+        mime=mime,
+        handle=handle,
+        silent=silent,
+        redirect=redirect,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        auth_callback=auth_callback,
+        **kwargs
+    )
+
+
+def delete(
+    url,
+    params=None,
+    headers=None,
+    handle=None,
+    silent=None,
+    redirect=None,
+    timeout=None,
+    auth_callback=None,
+    **kwargs
+):
+    return _method(
+        _delete,
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        handle=handle,
+        silent=silent,
+        redirect=redirect,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        auth_callback=auth_callback,
+        **kwargs
+    )
+
+
+def patch(
+    url,
+    params=None,
+    data=None,
+    data_j=None,
+    data_m=None,
+    headers=None,
+    mime=None,
+    handle=None,
+    silent=None,
+    redirect=None,
+    timeout=None,
+    auth_callback=None,
+    **kwargs
+):
+    return _method(
+        _patch,
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        data=data,
+        data_j=data_j,
+        data_m=data_m,
+        headers=headers,
+        mime=mime,
+        handle=handle,
+        silent=silent,
+        redirect=redirect,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        auth_callback=auth_callback,
+        **kwargs
+    )
+
+
+def basic_auth(username, password=None):
+    if not password:
+        password = username
+    authorization = _authorization(username, password)
+    return "Basic %s" % authorization
+
+
+def _try_auth(auth_callback, params, headers=None):
+    if not auth_callback:
+        raise
+    if headers == None:
+        headers = dict()
+    auth_callback(params, headers)
+
+
+def _method(method, *args, **kwargs):
+    try:
+        auth_callback = kwargs.pop("auth_callback", None)
+        result = method(*args, **kwargs)
+    except legacy.HTTPError as error:
+        try:
+            params = kwargs.get("params", None)
+            headers = kwargs.get("headers", None)
+            if not error.code in AUTH_ERRORS:
+                raise
+            _try_auth(auth_callback, params, headers)
+            result = method(*args, **kwargs)
+        except legacy.HTTPError as error:
+            code = error.getcode()
+            raise exceptions.HTTPError(error, code)
+
+    return result
+
+
+def _get(
+    url,
+    params=None,
+    headers=None,
+    handle=None,
+    silent=None,
+    redirect=None,
+    timeout=None,
+    **kwargs
+):
+    return _method_empty(
+        "GET",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        handle=handle,
+        silent=silent,
+        redirect=redirect,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        **kwargs
+    )
+
+
+def _post(
+    url,
+    params=None,
+    data=None,
+    data_j=None,
+    data_m=None,
+    headers=None,
+    mime=None,
+    handle=None,
+    silent=None,
+    redirect=None,
+    timeout=None,
+    **kwargs
+):
+    return _method_payload(
+        "POST",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        data=data,
+        data_j=data_j,
+        data_m=data_m,
+        headers=headers,
+        mime=mime,
+        handle=handle,
+        silent=silent,
+        redirect=redirect,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        **kwargs
+    )
+
+
+def _put(
+    url,
+    params=None,
+    data=None,
+    data_j=None,
+    data_m=None,
+    headers=None,
+    mime=None,
+    handle=None,
+    silent=None,
+    redirect=None,
+    timeout=None,
+    **kwargs
+):
+    return _method_payload(
+        "PUT",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        data=data,
+        data_j=data_j,
+        data_m=data_m,
+        headers=headers,
+        mime=mime,
+        handle=handle,
+        silent=silent,
+        redirect=redirect,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        **kwargs
+    )
+
+
+def _delete(
+    url,
+    params=None,
+    headers=None,
+    handle=None,
+    silent=None,
+    redirect=None,
+    timeout=None,
+    **kwargs
+):
+    return _method_empty(
+        "DELETE",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        headers=headers,
+        handle=handle,
+        silent=silent,
+        redirect=redirect,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        **kwargs
+    )
+
+
+def _patch(
+    url,
+    params=None,
+    data=None,
+    data_j=None,
+    data_m=None,
+    headers=None,
+    mime=None,
+    handle=None,
+    silent=None,
+    redirect=None,
+    timeout=None,
+    **kwargs
+):
+    return _method_payload(
+        "PATCH",
+        url,
+        params=params,
+        data=data,
+        data_j=data_j,
+        data_m=data_m,
+        headers=headers,
+        mime=mime,
+        handle=handle,
+        silent=silent,
+        redirect=redirect,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        **kwargs
+    )
+
+
+def _method_empty(
+    name,
+    url,
+    params=None,
+    headers=None,
+    handle=None,
+    silent=None,
+    redirect=None,
+    timeout=None,
+    **kwargs
+):
+    if handle == None:
+        handle = False
+    if silent == None:
+        silent = config.conf("HTTP_SILENT", False, cast=bool)
+    if redirect == None:
+        redirect = config.conf("HTTP_REDIRECT", False, cast=bool)
+    if timeout == None:
+        timeout = config.conf("HTTP_TIMEOUT", TIMEOUT, cast=int)
+    values = params or dict()
+
+    values_s = " with '%s'" % str(values) if values else ""
+    if not silent:
+        logging.debug("%s %s%s" % (name, url, values_s))
+
+    url, scheme, host, authorization, extra = _parse_url(url)
+    if extra:
+        values.update(extra)
+    data = _urlencode(values)
+
+    headers = dict(headers) if headers else dict()
+    if host:
+        headers["Host"] = host
+    if authorization:
+        headers["Authorization"] = "Basic %s" % authorization
+    url = url + "?" + data if data else url
+    url = str(url)
+
+    _method_callback(handle, kwargs)
+
+    # runs the concrete resolution method (taking into account the adapter)
+    # providing it with the required parameters for request execution
+    file = _resolve(url, name, headers, None, silent, timeout, **kwargs)
+
+    # verifies if the resulting "file" from the resolution process is either
+    # an invalid or tuple value and if that's the case as the request has
+    # probably been deferred for asynchronous execution
+    if file == None:
+        return file
+    if isinstance(file, tuple):
+        return file
+
+    try:
+        result = file.read()
+    finally:
+        file.close()
+
+    code = file.getcode()
+    info = file.info()
+
+    location = info.get("Location", None) if redirect else None
+    if location:
+        return _redirect(
+            location,
+            scheme,
+            host,
+            handle=handle,
+            silent=silent,
+            redirect=redirect,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            **kwargs
+        )
+
+    if not silent:
+        logging.debug("%s %s returned '%d'" % (name, url, code))
+
+    result = _result(result, info)
+    return (result, file) if handle else result
+
+
+def _method_payload(
+    name,
+    url,
+    params=None,
+    data=None,
+    data_j=None,
+    data_m=None,
+    headers=None,
+    mime=None,
+    handle=None,
+    silent=None,
+    redirect=None,
+    timeout=None,
+    **kwargs
+):
+    if handle == None:
+        handle = False
+    if silent == None:
+        silent = config.conf("HTTP_SILENT", False, cast=bool)
+    if redirect == None:
+        redirect = config.conf("HTTP_REDIRECT", False, cast=bool)
+    if timeout == None:
+        timeout = config.conf("HTTP_TIMEOUT", TIMEOUT, cast=int)
+    values = params or dict()
+
+    values_s = " with '%s'" % str(values) if values else ""
+    if not silent:
+        logging.debug("%s %s%s" % (name, url, values_s))
+
+    url, scheme, host, authorization, extra = _parse_url(url)
+    if extra:
+        values.update(extra)
+    data_e = _urlencode(values)
+
+    if not data == None:
+        url = url + "?" + data_e if data_e else url
+    elif not data_j == None:
+        data = json.dumps(data_j)
+        url = url + "?" + data_e if data_e else url
+        mime = mime or "application/json"
+    elif not data_m == None:
+        url = url + "?" + data_e if data_e else url
+        content_type, data = _encode_multipart(data_m, mime=mime, doseq=True)
+        mime = content_type
+    elif data_e:
+        data = data_e
+        mime = mime or "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+
+    if legacy.is_unicode(data):
+        data = legacy.bytes(data, force=True)
+
+    if not data:
+        length = 0
+    elif legacy.is_bytes(data):
+        length = len(data)
+    else:
+        length = -1
+
+    headers = dict(headers) if headers else dict()
+    if not length == -1:
+        headers["Content-Length"] = str(length)
+    if mime:
+        headers["Content-Type"] = mime
+    if host:
+        headers["Host"] = host
+    if authorization:
+        headers["Authorization"] = "Basic %s" % authorization
+    url = str(url)
+
+    _method_callback(handle, kwargs)
+    file = _resolve(url, name, headers, data, silent, timeout, **kwargs)
+    if file == None:
+        return file
+
+    try:
+        result = file.read()
+    finally:
+        file.close()
+
+    code = file.getcode()
+    info = file.info()
+
+    location = info.get("Location", None) if redirect else None
+    if location:
+        return _redirect(
+            location,
+            scheme,
+            host,
+            handle=handle,
+            silent=silent,
+            redirect=redirect,
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
+
+    if not silent:
+        logging.debug("%s %s returned '%d'" % (name, url, code))
+
+    result = _result(result, info)
+    return (result, file) if handle else result
+
+
+def _method_callback(handle, kwargs):
+    # tries to determine if a callback value has been registered
+    # in the set of keyword argument and if that's not the case
+    # returns immediately (nothing to be done)
+    callback = kwargs.get("callback", None)
+    if not callback:
+        return
+
+    def callback_wrap(file):
+        # determines if the received file is valid (no error)
+        # or if instead there's an error with the connection
+        # and an invalid/unset value has been provided
+        if file:
+            info = file.info()
+            try:
+                result = file.read()
+            finally:
+                file.close()
+            result = _result(result, info)
+        else:
+            result = None
+
+        # taking into account the handle flag determines the
+        # kind of result structure that should be "returned"
+        result = (result, file) if handle else (result,)
+        callback(*result)
+
+    # sets the "new" callback clojure in the set of keyword
+    # based arguments for the calling of the HTTP handler method
+    # so that this new callback is called instead of the original
+    kwargs["callback"] = callback_wrap
+
+
+def _redirect(
+    location,
+    scheme,
+    host,
+    handle=None,
+    silent=None,
+    redirect=None,
+    timeout=None,
+    **kwargs
+):
+    is_relative = location.startswith("/")
+    if is_relative:
+        location = scheme + "://" + host + location
+    logging.debug("Redirecting to %s" % location)
+    return get(
+        location,
+        handle=handle,
+        silent=silent,
+        redirect=redirect,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        **kwargs
+    )
+
+
+def _resolve(*args, **kwargs):
+    # obtains the reference to the global set of variables, so
+    # that it's possible to obtain the proper resolver method
+    # according to the requested client
+    _global = globals()
+
+    # tries to retrieve the global configuration values that
+    # will condition the way the request is going to be performed
+    client = config.conf("HTTP_CLIENT", "netius")
+    reuse = config.conf("HTTP_REUSE", True, cast=bool)
+
+    # tries to determine the set of configurations requested on
+    # a request basis (not global) these have priority when
+    # compared with the global configuration ones
+    client = kwargs.pop("client", client)
+    reuse = kwargs.pop("reuse", reuse)
+
+    # sets the value for connection re-usage so that a connection
+    # pool is used if request, otherwise one connection per request
+    # is going to be used (at the expense of resources)
+    kwargs["reuse"] = reuse
+
+    # tries to retrieve the reference to the resolve method for the
+    # current client and then runs it, retrieve then the final result,
+    # note that the result structure may be engine dependent
+    resolver = _global.get("_resolve_" + client, _resolve_legacy)
+    try:
+        result = resolver(*args, **kwargs)
+    except ImportError:
+        result = _resolve_legacy(*args, **kwargs)
+    return result
+
+
+def _resolve_legacy(url, method, headers, data, silent, timeout, **kwargs):
+    is_generator = not data == None and legacy.is_generator(data)
+    if is_generator:
+        next(data)
+        data = b"".join(data)
+    is_file = hasattr(data, "tell")
+    if is_file:
+        data = data.read()
+    opener = legacy.build_opener(legacy.HTTPHandler)
+    request = legacy.Request(url, data=data, headers=headers)
+    request.get_method = lambda: method
+    return opener.open(request, timeout=timeout)
+
+
+def _resolve_requests(url, method, headers, data, silent, timeout, **kwargs):
+    util.ensure_pip("requests")
+    import requests
+
+    global _requests_session
+
+    # retrieves the various dynamic parameters for the HTTP client
+    # usage under the requests infra-structure
+    reuse = kwargs.get("reuse", True)
+    connections = kwargs.get("connections", 256)
+
+    # verifies if the provided data is a generator, assumes that if the
+    # data is not invalid and is of type generator then it's a generator
+    # and then if that's the case encapsulates this size based generator
+    # into a generator based file-like object so that it can be used inside
+    # the request infra-structure (as it accepts only file objects)
+    is_generator = not data == None and legacy.is_generator(data)
+    if is_generator:
+        data = structures.GeneratorFile(data)
+
+    # verifies if the session for the requests infra-structure is
+    # already created and if that's not the case and the re-use
+    # flag is sets creates a new session for the requested settings
+    registered = "_requests_session" in globals()
+    if not registered and reuse:
+        _requests_session = requests.Session()
+        adapter = requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter(
+            pool_connections=connections, pool_maxsize=connections
+        )
+        _requests_session.mount("", adapter)
+
+    # determines the based object from which the concrete methods
+    # are going to be loaded by inspecting the re-use flag
+    if reuse:
+        base = _requests_session
+    else:
+        base = requests
+
+    # converts the string based method value into a lower cased value
+    # and then uses it to retrieve the method object method (callable)
+    # that is going to be called to perform the request
+    method = method.lower()
+    caller = getattr(base, method)
+
+    # runs the caller method (according to selected method) and waits for
+    # the result object converting it then to the target response object
+    result = caller(url, headers=headers, data=data, timeout=timeout)
+    response = HTTPResponse(
+        data=result.content, code=result.status_code, headers=result.headers
+    )
+
+    # retrieves the response code of the created response and verifies if
+    # it represent an error, if that's the case raised an error exception
+    # to the upper layers to break the current execution logic properly
+    code = response.getcode()
+    is_error = _is_error(code)
+    if is_error:
+        raise legacy.HTTPError(url, code, "HTTP retrieval problem", None, response)
+
+    # returns the final response object to the caller method, this object
+    # should comply with the proper upper layers structure
+    return response
+
+
+def _resolve_netius(url, method, headers, data, silent, timeout, **kwargs):
+    util.ensure_pip("netius")
+    import netius.clients
+
+    # determines the final value of the silent flag taking into
+    # account if the current infra-structure is not running under
+    # a development environment
+    silent = silent or False
+    silent |= not common.is_devel()
+
+    # converts the provided dictionary of headers into a new map to
+    # allow any re-writing of values, valuable for a re-connect
+    headers = dict(headers)
+
+    # tries to determine the proper level of verbosity to be used by
+    # the client, for that the system tries to determine if the current
+    # execution environment is a development one (verbose)
+    level = logging.CRITICAL if silent else logging.DEBUG
+
+    # retrieves the various dynamic parameters for the HTTP client
+    # usage under the netius infra-structure
+    retry = kwargs.get("retry", 1)
+    reuse = kwargs.get("reuse", True)
+    level = kwargs.get("level", level)
+    asynchronous = kwargs.get("async", False)
+    asynchronous = kwargs.get("asynchronous", asynchronous)
+    use_file = kwargs.get("use_file", False)
+    callback = kwargs.get("callback", None)
+    callback_init = kwargs.get("callback_init", None)
+    callback_open = kwargs.get("callback_open", None)
+    callback_headers = kwargs.get("callback_headers", None)
+    callback_data = kwargs.get("callback_data", None)
+    callback_result = kwargs.get("callback_result", None)
+
+    # re-calculates the retry and re-use flags taking into account
+    # the async flag, if the execution mode is async we don't want
+    # to re-use the HTTP client as it would create issues
+    retry, reuse = (0, False) if asynchronous else (retry, reuse)
+
+    # creates the proper set of extra parameters to be sent to the
+    # HTTP client taking into account a possible async method request
+    extra = (
+        _async_netius(
+            callback=callback,
+            callback_init=callback_init,
+            callback_open=callback_open,
+            callback_headers=callback_headers,
+            callback_data=callback_data,
+            callback_result=callback_result,
+        )
+        if asynchronous
+        else dict(
+            on_init=lambda c: callback_init and callback_init(c),
+            on_open=lambda c: callback_open and callback_open(c),
+            on_headers=lambda c, p: callback_headers and callback_headers(p.headers),
+            on_data=lambda c, p, d: callback_data and callback_data(d),
+            on_result=lambda c, p, r: callback_result and callback_result(r),
+        )
+    )
+
+    # verifies if client re-usage must be enforced and if that's the
+    # case the global client object is requested (singleton) otherwise
+    # the client should be created inside the HTTP client static method
+    http_client = _client_netius(level=level) if reuse else None
+    result = netius.clients.HTTPClient.method_s(
+        method,
+        url,
+        headers=headers,
+        data=data,
+        asynchronous=asynchronous,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        use_file=use_file,
+        http_client=http_client,
+        level=level,
+        **extra
+    )
+
+    # if the async mode is defined the result (tuple) is returned immediately
+    # as the processing will be taking place latter (on callback)
+    if asynchronous:
+        return result
+
+    # tries to retrieve any possible error coming from the result object
+    # if this happens it means an exception has been raised internally and
+    # the error should be handled in a proper manner, if the error is related
+    # to a closed connection a retry may be performed to try to re-establish
+    # the connection (allows for reconnection in connection pool)
+    error = result.get("error", None)
+    if error == "closed" and retry > 0:
+        kwargs["retry"] = retry - 1
+        return _resolve_netius(url, method, headers, data, silent, timeout, **kwargs)
+
+    # converts the netius specific result map into a response compatible
+    # object (equivalent to the urllib one) to be used by the upper layers
+    # under an equivalent and compatible approach note that this conversion
+    # may raise an exception in case the result represent an error
+    response = netius.clients.HTTPClient.to_response(result)
+
+    # retrieves the response code of the created response and verifies if
+    # it represent an error, if that's the case raised an error exception
+    # to the upper layers to break the current execution logic properly
+    code = response.getcode()
+    is_error = _is_error(code)
+    if is_error:
+        raise legacy.HTTPError(url, code, "HTTP retrieval problem", None, response)
+
+    # returns the final response object to the upper layers, this object
+    # may be used freely under the compatibility interface it provides
+    return response
+
+
+def _client_netius(level=logging.CRITICAL):
+    import netius.clients
+
+    global _netius_clients
+
+    # retrieves the reference to the current thread and uses the value
+    # to retrieve the thread identifier (TID) for it, to be used in the
+    # identification of the client resource associated with it
+    tid = threading.current_thread().ident
+
+    # acquires the global HTTP lock and executes a series of validation
+    # and initialization of the netius client infra-structure, this
+    # operations required thread safety
+    ACCESS_LOCK.acquire()
+    try:
+        registered = "_netius_clients" in globals()
+        _netius_clients = _netius_clients if registered else dict()
+        netius_client = _netius_clients.get(tid, None)
+    finally:
+        ACCESS_LOCK.release()
+
+    # in case a previously created netius client has been retrieved
+    # returns it to the caller method for proper re-usage
+    if netius_client:
+        return netius_client
+
+    # creates the "new" HTTP client for the current thread and registers
+    # it under the netius client structure so that it may be re-used
+    netius_client = netius.clients.HTTPClient(auto_release=False)
+    _netius_clients[tid] = netius_client
+
+    # in case this is the first registration of the dictionary a new on
+    # exit callback is registered to cleanup the netius infra-structure
+    # then the final client is returned to the caller of the method
+    if not registered:
+        common.base().on_exit(_cleanup_netius)
+    return netius_client
+
+
+def _async_netius(
+    callback=None,
+    callback_init=None,
+    callback_open=None,
+    callback_headers=None,
+    callback_data=None,
+    callback_result=None,
+):
+    import netius.clients
+
+    buffer = []
+    extra = dict()
+
+    def _on_init(protocol):
+        callback_init and callback_init(protocol)
+
+    def _on_open(protocol):
+        callback_open and callback_open(protocol)
+
+    def _on_close(protocol):
+        callback and callback(None)
+
+    def _on_headers(protocol, parser):
+        callback_headers and callback_headers(parser.headers)
+
+    def _on_data(protocol, parser, data):
+        data = data
+        data and buffer.append(data)
+        callback_data and callback_data(data)
+
+    def _on_result(protocol, parser, result):
+        callback_result and callback_result(result)
+
+    def _callback(protocol, parser, message):
+        result = netius.clients.HTTPProtocol.set_request(parser, buffer)
+        response = netius.clients.HTTPClient.to_response(result)
+        callback and callback(response)
+
+    extra["callback"] = _callback
+    extra["on_data"] = _on_data
+    if callback_init:
+        extra["_on_init"] = _on_init
+    if callback_open:
+        extra["on_open"] = _on_open
+    if callback:
+        extra["on_close"] = _on_close
+    if callback_headers:
+        extra["on_headers"] = _on_headers
+    if callback_result:
+        extra["on_result"] = _on_result
+
+    return extra
+
+
+def _cleanup_netius():
+    global _netius_clients
+    for netius_client in _netius_clients.values():
+        netius_client.cleanup()
+    del _netius_clients
+
+
+def _parse_url(url):
+    parse = legacy.urlparse(url)
+    scheme = parse.scheme
+    secure = scheme == "https"
+    default = 443 if secure else 80
+    port = parse.port or default
+    url = parse.scheme + "://" + parse.hostname + ":" + str(port) + parse.path
+    if port in (80, 443):
+        host = parse.hostname
+    else:
+        host = parse.hostname + ":" + str(port)
+    authorization = _authorization(parse.username, parse.password)
+    params = _params(parse.query)
+    return (url, scheme, host, authorization, params)
+
+
+def _result(data, info={}, force=False, strict=False):
+    # tries to retrieve the content type value from the headers
+    # info and verifies if the current data is JSON encoded, so
+    # that it gets automatically decoded for such cases
+    content_type = info.get("Content-Type", None) or ""
+    is_json = (
+        util.is_content_type(
+            content_type, ("application/json", "text/json", "text/javascript")
+        )
+        or force
+    )
+
+    # verifies if the current result set is JSON encoded and in
+    # case it's decodes it and loads it as JSON otherwise returns
+    # the "raw" data to the caller method as expected, note that
+    # the strict flag is used to determine if the exception should
+    # be re-raised to the upper level in case of value error
+    if is_json and legacy.is_bytes(data):
+        data = data.decode("utf-8")
+    try:
+        data = json.loads(data) if is_json else data
+    except ValueError:
+        if strict:
+            raise
+    return data
+
+
+def _params(query):
+    # creates the dictionary that is going to be used to store the
+    # complete information regarding the parameters in query
+    params = dict()
+
+    # validates that the provided query value is valid and if
+    # that's not the case returns the created parameters immediately
+    # (empty parameters are returned)
+    if not query:
+        return params
+
+    # splits the query value around the initial parameter separator
+    # symbol and iterates over each of them to parse them and create
+    # the proper parameters dictionary (of lists)
+    query_s = query.split("&")
+    for part in query_s:
+        parts = part.split("=", 1)
+        if len(parts) == 1:
+            value = ""
+        else:
+            value = parts[1]
+        key = parts[0]
+        key = legacy.unquote_plus(key)
+        value = legacy.unquote_plus(value)
+        param = params.get(key, [])
+        param.append(value)
+        params[key] = param
+
+    # returns the final parameters dictionary to the caller method
+    # so that it may be used as a proper structure representation
+    return params
+
+
+def _urlencode(values, as_string=True):
+    # creates the list that will hold the final tuple of values
+    # (without the unset and invalid values)
+    final = []
+
+    # verifies if the provided value is a sequence and in case it's
+    # not converts it into a sequence (assuming a map)
+    is_sequence = isinstance(values, (list, tuple))
+    if not is_sequence:
+        values = values.items()
+
+    # iterates over all the items in the values sequence to
+    # try to filter the values that are not valid
+    for key, value in values:
+        # creates the list that will hold the valid values
+        # of the current key in iteration (sanitized values)
+        _values = []
+
+        # in case the current data type of the key is unicode
+        # the value must be converted into a string using the
+        # default utf encoding strategy (as defined)
+        if type(key) == legacy.UNICODE:
+            key = key.encode("utf-8")
+
+        # verifies the type of the current value and in case
+        # it's sequence based converts it into a list using
+        # the conversion method otherwise creates a new list
+        # and includes the value in it
+        value_t = type(value)
+        if value_t in SEQUENCE_TYPES:
+            value = list(value)
+        else:
+            value = [value]
+
+        # iterates over all the values in the current sequence
+        # and adds the valid values to the sanitized sequence,
+        # this includes the conversion from unicode string into
+        # a simple string using the default utf encoder
+        for _value in value:
+            if _value == None:
+                continue
+            is_string = type(_value) in legacy.STRINGS
+            if not is_string:
+                _value = str(_value)
+            is_unicode = type(_value) == legacy.UNICODE
+            if is_unicode:
+                _value = _value.encode("utf-8")
+            _values.append(_value)
+
+        # sets the sanitized list of values as the new value for
+        # the key in the final dictionary of values
+        final.append((key, _values))
+
+    # in case the "as string" flag is not set the ended key to value
+    # dictionary should be returned to the called method and not the
+    # "default" linear and string based value
+    if not as_string:
+        return final
+
+    # runs the encoding with sequence support on the final map
+    # of sanitized values and returns the encoded result to the
+    # caller method as the encoded value
+    return legacy.urlencode(final, doseq=True)
+
+
+def _quote(values, plus=False, safe="/"):
+    method = legacy.quote_plus if plus else legacy.quote
+    values = _urlencode(values, as_string=False)
+
+    final = dict()
+
+    for key, value in values:
+        key = method(key, safe=safe)
+        value = method(value[0], safe=safe)
+        final[key] = value
+
+    return final
+
+
+def _authorization(username, password):
+    if not username:
+        return None
+    if not password:
+        return None
+    payload = "%s:%s" % (username, password)
+    payload = legacy.bytes(payload)
+    authorization = base64.b64encode(payload)
+    authorization = legacy.str(authorization)
+    return authorization
+
+
+def _encode_multipart(fields, mime=None, doseq=False):
+    mime = mime or "multipart/form-data"
+    boundary = _create_boundary(fields, doseq=doseq)
+    boundary_b = legacy.bytes(boundary)
+
+    buffer = []
+
+    for key, values in fields.items():
+        is_list = doseq and type(values) == list
+        values = values if is_list else [values]
+
+        for value in values:
+            if value == None:
+                continue
+
+            if isinstance(value, dict):
+                header_l = []
+                data = None
+                for key, item in value.items():
+                    if key == "data":
+                        data = item
+                    else:
+                        header_l.append("%s: %s" % (key, item))
+                value = data
+                header = "\r\n".join(header_l)
+            elif isinstance(value, tuple):
+                content_type = None
+                if len(value) == 2:
+                    name, contents = value
+                else:
+                    name, content_type, contents = value
+                header = 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"; filename="%s"' % (
+                    key,
+                    name,
+                )
+                if content_type:
+                    header += "\r\nContent-Type: %s" % content_type
+                value = contents
+            else:
+                header = 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % key
+                value = _encode(value)
+
+            header = _encode(header)
+            value = _encode(value)
+
+            buffer.append(b"--" + boundary_b)
+            buffer.append(header)
+            buffer.append(b"")
+            buffer.append(value)
+
+    buffer.append(b"--" + boundary_b + b"--")
+    buffer.append(b"")
+    body = b"\r\n".join(buffer)
+    content_type = "%s; boundary=%s" % (mime, boundary)
+
+    return content_type, body
+
+
+def _create_boundary(fields, size=32, doseq=False):
+    while True:
+        base = "".join(random.choice(RANGE) for _value in range(size))
+        boundary = "----------" + base
+        result = _try_boundary(fields, boundary, doseq=doseq)
+        if result:
+            break
+
+    return boundary
+
+
+def _try_boundary(fields, boundary, doseq=False):
+    boundary_b = legacy.bytes(boundary)
+
+    for key, values in fields.items():
+        is_list = doseq and type(values) == list
+        values = values if is_list else [values]
+
+        for value in values:
+            if isinstance(value, dict):
+                name = ""
+                value = value.get("data", b"")
+            elif isinstance(value, tuple):
+                if len(value) == 2:
+                    name = value[0] or ""
+                    value = value[1] or b""
+                else:
+                    name = value[0] or ""
+                    value = value[2] or b""
+            else:
+                name = ""
+                value = _encode(value)
+
+            if not key.find(boundary) == -1:
+                return False
+            if not name.find(boundary) == -1:
+                return False
+            if not value.find(boundary_b) == -1:
+                return False
+
+    return True
+
+
+def _is_error(code):
+    return code // 100 in (4, 5) if code else True
+
+
+def _encode(value, encoding="utf-8"):
+    value_t = type(value)
+    if value_t == legacy.BYTES:
+        return value
+    elif value_t == legacy.UNICODE:
+        return value.encode(encoding)
+    return legacy.bytes(str(value))
+
+
+class HTTPResponse(object):
+    """
+    Compatibility object to be used by HTTP libraries that do
+    not support the legacy HTTP response object as a return
+    for any of their structures.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, data=None, code=200, status=None, headers=None):
+        self.data = data
+        self.code = code
+        self.status = status
+        self.headers = headers
+
+    def read(self):
+        return self.data
+
+    def readline(self):
+        return self.read()
+
+    def close(self):
+        pass
+
+    def getcode(self):
+        return self.code
+
+    def info(self):
+        return self.headers