angr 9.2.165__cp310-abi3-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl

angr/sim_state.py

@@ -0,0 +1,901 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import itertools
+import logging
+import weakref
+from typing import Any, TypeVar, TYPE_CHECKING, Generic
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
+import archinfo
+from archinfo import Arch
+from archinfo.arch_soot import SootAddressDescriptor
+import claripy
+from cle import Clemory
+
+from . import sim_options as o
+from .errors import SimMergeError, SimValueError, SimStateError, SimSolverModeError
+from .misc.plugins import PluginHub, PluginPreset
+from .sim_state_options import SimStateOptions
+from .state_plugins import SimStatePlugin
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .storage import DefaultMemory
+    from .state_plugins.solver import SimSolver
+    from .state_plugins.posix import SimSystemPosix
+    from .state_plugins.view import SimRegNameView, SimMemView
+    from .state_plugins.callstack import CallStack
+    from .state_plugins.inspect import SimInspector
+    from .state_plugins.jni_references import SimStateJNIReferences
+    from .state_plugins.scratch import SimStateScratch
+    from angr.project import Project
+    from angr.simos.javavm import SimJavaVM
+
+
+l = logging.getLogger(name=__name__)
+
+
+def arch_overridable(f):
+    @functools.wraps(f)
+    def wrapped_f(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if hasattr(self.arch, f.__name__):
+            arch_f = getattr(self.arch, f.__name__)
+            return arch_f(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        return f(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapped_f
+
+
+# This is a counter for the state-merging symbolic variables
+merge_counter = itertools.count()
+
+_complained_se = False
+
+IPTypeConc = TypeVar("IPTypeConc")
+IPTypeSym = TypeVar("IPTypeSym")
+
+
+# pylint: disable=not-callable
+class SimState(Generic[IPTypeConc, IPTypeSym], PluginHub[SimStatePlugin]):
+    """
+    The SimState represents the state of a program, including its memory, registers, and so forth.
+
+    :param angr.Project project:    The project instance.
+    :param archinfo.Arch|str arch:  The architecture of the state.
+
+    :ivar regs:         A convenient view of the state's registers, where each register is a property
+    :ivar mem:          A convenient view of the state's memory, a :class:`angr.state_plugins.view.SimMemView`
+    :ivar registers:    The state's register file as a flat memory region
+    :ivar memory:       The state's memory as a flat memory region
+    :ivar solver:       The symbolic solver and variable manager for this state
+    :ivar inspect:      The breakpoint manager, a :class:`angr.state_plugins.inspect.SimInspector`
+    :ivar log:          Information about the state's history
+    :ivar scratch:      Information about the current execution step
+    :ivar posix:        MISNOMER: information about the operating system or environment model
+    :ivar fs:           The current state of the simulated filesystem
+    :ivar libc:         Information about the standard library we are emulating
+    :ivar cgc:          Information about the cgc environment
+    :ivar uc_manager:   Control of under-constrained symbolic execution
+    :ivar unicorn:      Control of the Unicorn Engine
+    """
+
+    # Type Annotations for default plugins to allow type inference
+    solver: SimSolver
+    posix: SimSystemPosix
+    registers: DefaultMemory
+    regs: SimRegNameView
+    memory: DefaultMemory
+    callstack: CallStack
+    mem: SimMemView
+    history: SimStateHistory
+    inspect: SimInspector
+    jni_references: SimStateJNIReferences
+    scratch: SimStateScratch
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        project: Project | None = None,
+        arch: Arch | None = None,
+        plugins: dict[str, SimStatePlugin] | None = None,
+        mode: str | None = None,
+        options: set[str] | list[str] | SimStateOptions | None = None,
+        add_options: set[str] | None = None,
+        remove_options: set[str] | None = None,
+        special_memory_filler: Callable[[str, int, int, SimState], Any] | None = None,
+        os_name: str | None = None,
+        plugin_preset: str = "default",
+        cle_memory_backer: Clemory | None = None,
+        dict_memory_backer: dict[int, bytes] | None = None,
+        permissions_map: dict[tuple[int, int], int] | None = None,
+        default_permissions: int = 3,
+        stack_perms: int | None = None,
+        stack_end: int | None = None,
+        stack_size: int | None = None,
+        regioned_memory_cls=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if kwargs:
+            l.warning("Unused keyword arguments passed to SimState: %s", " ".join(kwargs))
+        super().__init__()
+        self.project = project
+
+        # Java & Java JNI
+        self._is_java_project = self.project and self.project.is_java_project
+        self._is_java_jni_project = self.project and self.project.is_java_jni_project
+
+        # Arch
+        if self._is_java_jni_project and project is not None:
+            if TYPE_CHECKING:
+                assert isinstance(project.simos, SimJavaVM)
+            self._arch = {"soot": project.arch, "vex": project.simos.native_simos.arch}
+            # This flag indicates whether the current ip is a native address or
+            # a soot address descriptor.
+            # Note: We cannot solely rely on the ip to make that decsision,
+            #       because the registers (storing the ip) are part of the
+            #       plugins that are getting toggled (=> mutual dependence).
+            self.ip_is_soot_addr = False
+        else:
+            self._arch = arch if arch is not None else project.arch.copy() if project is not None else None
+            if type(self._arch) is str:
+                self._arch = archinfo.arch_from_id(self._arch)
+
+        # the options
+        if options is None:
+            if mode is None:
+                l.warning("SimState defaulting to symbolic mode.")
+                mode = "symbolic"
+            options = o.modes[mode]
+
+        if isinstance(options, (set, list)):
+            options = SimStateOptions(options)
+        if add_options is not None:
+            options |= add_options
+        if remove_options is not None:
+            options -= remove_options
+        self.options = options
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.supports_inspect = False
+
+        # OS name
+        self.os_name = os_name
+
+        # This is used in static mode as we don't have any constraints there
+        self._satisfiable = True
+
+        self.uninitialized_access_handler = None
+        self._special_memory_filler = special_memory_filler
+
+        # this is a global condition, applied to all added constraints, memory reads, etc
+        self._global_condition = None
+        self.ip_constraints = []
+
+        # plugins. lord help us
+        if plugin_preset is not None:
+            self.use_plugin_preset(plugin_preset)
+
+        if plugins is not None:
+            for n, p in plugins.items():
+                self.register_plugin(n, p, inhibit_init=True)
+
+        if not self.has_plugin("memory"):
+            # We don't set the memory endness because, unlike registers, it's hard to understand
+            # which endness the data should be read.
+
+            # If they didn't provide us with either a memory plugin or a plugin preset to use,
+            # we have no choice but to use the 'default' plugin preset.
+            if self.plugin_preset is None:
+                self.use_plugin_preset("default")
+            assert self.plugin_preset is not None
+
+            # Determine memory backend
+            if self._is_java_project and not self._is_java_jni_project:
+                sim_memory_cls = self.plugin_preset.request_plugin("javavm_memory")
+                sim_memory = sim_memory_cls(memory_id="mem")
+
+            elif o.ABSTRACT_MEMORY in self.options:
+                # We use SimAbstractMemory in static mode.
+                # Convert memory_backer into 'global' region.
+                cle_memory_backer_map = {"global": cle_memory_backer} if cle_memory_backer is not None else None
+                dict_memory_backer_map = {"global": dict_memory_backer} if dict_memory_backer is not None else None
+
+                # TODO: support permissions backer in SimAbstractMemory
+                sim_memory_cls = self.plugin_preset.request_plugin("abs_memory")
+                sim_memory = sim_memory_cls(
+                    cle_memory_backer=cle_memory_backer_map,
+                    dict_memory_backer=dict_memory_backer_map,
+                    memory_id="mem",
+                    regioned_memory_cls=regioned_memory_cls,
+                )
+
+            elif o.FAST_MEMORY in self.options:
+                sim_memory_cls = self.plugin_preset.request_plugin("fast_memory")
+                sim_memory = sim_memory_cls(memory_id="mem")
+
+            else:
+                sim_memory_cls = self.plugin_preset.request_plugin("sym_memory")
+                sim_memory = sim_memory_cls(
+                    cle_memory_backer=cle_memory_backer,
+                    dict_memory_backer=dict_memory_backer,
+                    memory_id="mem",
+                    permissions_map=permissions_map,
+                    default_permissions=default_permissions,
+                    stack_perms=stack_perms,
+                    stack_end=stack_end,
+                    stack_size=stack_size,
+                )
+
+            # Add memory plugin
+            if not self._is_java_jni_project:
+                self.register_plugin("memory", sim_memory, inhibit_init=True)
+
+            else:
+                # In case of the JavaVM with JNI support, we add two `memory` plugins; one for modeling the
+                # native memory and another one for the JavaVM memory.
+                native_sim_memory = sim_memory
+                javavm_sim_memory_cls = self.plugin_preset.request_plugin("javavm_memory")
+                javavm_sim_memory = javavm_sim_memory_cls(memory_id="mem")
+                self.register_plugin("memory_soot", javavm_sim_memory, inhibit_init=True)
+                self.register_plugin("memory_vex", native_sim_memory, inhibit_init=True)
+
+        if not self.has_plugin("registers"):
+            # Same as for 'memory' plugin.
+            if self.plugin_preset is None:
+                self.use_plugin_preset("default")
+            assert self.plugin_preset is not None
+
+            # Get register endness
+            if self._is_java_jni_project:
+                register_endness = self._arch["vex"].register_endness
+            else:
+                register_endness = self.arch.register_endness
+
+            # Determine register backend
+            if self._is_java_project and not self._is_java_jni_project:
+                sim_registers_cls = self.plugin_preset.request_plugin("keyvalue_memory")
+                sim_registers = sim_registers_cls(memory_id="reg")
+
+            elif o.FAST_REGISTERS in self.options:
+                sim_registers_cls = self.plugin_preset.request_plugin("fast_memory")
+                sim_registers = sim_registers_cls(memory_id="reg", endness=register_endness)
+            else:
+                sim_registers_cls = self.plugin_preset.request_plugin("sym_memory")
+                sim_registers = sim_registers_cls(memory_id="reg", endness=register_endness)
+
+            # Add registers plugin
+            if not self._is_java_jni_project:
+                self.register_plugin("registers", sim_registers, inhibit_init=True)
+
+            else:
+                # Analog to memory, we add two registers plugins
+                native_sim_registers = sim_registers
+                javavm_sim_registers_cls = self.plugin_preset.request_plugin("keyvalue_memory")
+                javavm_sim_registers = javavm_sim_registers_cls(memory_id="reg")
+                self.register_plugin("registers_soot", javavm_sim_registers, inhibit_init=True)
+                self.register_plugin("registers_vex", native_sim_registers, inhibit_init=True)
+
+        for p in list(self.plugins.values()):
+            p.init_state()
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        # Don't pickle attributes for plugins. These will be pickled
+        # through self._active_plugins.
+        s = {k: v for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if k not in self._active_plugins}
+        s["_active_plugins"] = {k: v for k, v in s["_active_plugins"].items() if k not in ("inspect", "regs", "mem")}
+        return s
+
+    def __setstate__(self, s):
+        self.__dict__.update(s)
+        for p in self.plugins.values():
+            p.set_state(self)
+            if p.STRONGREF_STATE:
+                p.set_strongref_state(self)
+
+    def _get_weakref(self):
+        return weakref.proxy(self)
+
+    def _get_strongref(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        try:
+            addr = self.addr
+            ip_str = f"{addr:#x}" if type(addr) is int else repr(addr)
+        except (SimValueError, SimSolverModeError):
+            ip_str = repr(self.regs.ip)
+
+        return f"<SimState @ {ip_str}>"
+
+    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
+        if key == "options":
+            # set options
+            # this is done to both keep compatibility and make access to .options fast.
+            self._set_options(value)
+            return
+        super().__setattr__(key, value)
+
+    def _set_options(self, v):
+        if isinstance(v, (set, list)):
+            super().__setattr__("options", SimStateOptions(v))
+        elif isinstance(v, SimStateOptions):
+            super().__setattr__("options", v)
+        else:
+            raise SimStateError(f"Unsupported type '{type(v)}' in SimState.options.setter().")
+
+    #
+    # Easier access to some properties
+    #
+
+    @property
+    def plugins(self):
+        # TODO: This shouldn't be access directly.
+        return self._active_plugins
+
+    @property
+    def ip(self):
+        """
+        Get the instruction pointer expression, trigger SimInspect breakpoints, and generate SimActions.
+        Use ``_ip`` to not trigger breakpoints or generate actions.
+
+        :return: an expression
+        """
+        return self.regs.ip
+
+    @ip.setter
+    def ip(self, val):
+        self.regs.ip = val
+
+    @property
+    def _ip(self) -> IPTypeSym:
+        """
+        Get the instruction pointer expression without triggering SimInspect breakpoints or generating SimActions.
+
+        :return: an expression
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.regs._ip
+        except AttributeError as e:
+            raise TypeError(str(e)) from e
+
+    @_ip.setter
+    def _ip(self, val: IPTypeSym | IPTypeConc):
+        """
+        Set the instruction pointer without triggering SimInspect breakpoints or generating SimActions.
+
+        :param val: The new instruction pointer.
+        :return:    None
+        """
+        try:
+            self.regs._ip = val
+        except AttributeError as e:
+            raise TypeError(str(e)) from e
+
+    @property
+    def addr(self) -> IPTypeConc:
+        """
+        Get the concrete address of the instruction pointer, without triggering SimInspect breakpoints or generating
+        SimActions. An integer is returned, or an exception is raised if the instruction pointer is symbolic.
+
+        :return: an int
+        """
+
+        ip = self.regs._ip
+        if isinstance(ip, SootAddressDescriptor):
+            return ip
+        return self.solver.eval_one(self.regs._ip)
+
+    @property
+    def arch(self) -> Arch:
+        if self._is_java_jni_project:
+            return self._arch["soot"] if self.ip_is_soot_addr else self._arch["vex"]
+        return self._arch
+
+    @arch.setter
+    def arch(self, v):
+        self._arch = v
+
+    #
+    # Plugin accessors
+    #
+
+    def _inspect(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if self.supports_inspect:
+            self.inspect.action(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    T = TypeVar("T")
+
+    def _inspect_getattr(self, attr: str, default_value: T):
+        if self.supports_inspect and hasattr(self.inspect, attr):
+            return getattr(self.inspect, attr)
+
+        return default_value
+
+    #
+    # Plugins
+    #
+
+    def get_plugin(self, name):
+        if self._is_java_jni_project:
+            # In case of the JavaVM with JNI support, a state can store the same plugin
+            # twice; one for the native and one for the java view of the state.
+            suffix = "_soot" if self.ip_is_soot_addr else "_vex"
+            name = name + suffix if self.has_plugin(name + suffix) else name
+        return super().get_plugin(name)
+
+    def has_plugin(self, name):
+        if self._is_java_jni_project:
+            # In case of the JavaVM with JNI support, also check for toggled plugins.
+            return super().has_plugin(name) or super().has_plugin(name + "_soot")
+        return super().has_plugin(name)
+
+    def register_plugin(self, name, plugin, inhibit_init=False):  # pylint: disable=arguments-differ
+        # l.debug("Adding plugin %s of type %s", name, plugin.__class__.__name__)
+        self._set_plugin_state(plugin, inhibit_init=inhibit_init)
+        return super().register_plugin(name, plugin)
+
+    def _init_plugin(self, plugin_cls: type[SimStatePlugin]) -> SimStatePlugin:
+        plugin = plugin_cls()
+        self._set_plugin_state(plugin)
+        return plugin
+
+    def _set_plugin_state(self, plugin: SimStatePlugin, inhibit_init: bool = False):
+        plugin.set_state(self)
+        if plugin.STRONGREF_STATE:
+            plugin.set_strongref_state(self)
+        if not inhibit_init:
+            plugin.init_state()
+
+    #
+    # Java support
+    #
+
+    @property
+    def javavm_memory(self):
+        """
+        In case of an JavaVM with JNI support, a state can store the memory
+        plugin twice; one for the native and one for the java view of the state.
+
+        :return: The JavaVM view of the memory plugin.
+        """
+        if self._is_java_jni_project:
+            return self.get_plugin("memory_soot")
+        return self.get_plugin("memory")
+
+    @property
+    def javavm_registers(self):
+        """
+        In case of an JavaVM with JNI support, a state can store the registers
+        plugin twice; one for the native and one for the java view of the state.
+
+        :return: The JavaVM view of the registers plugin.
+        """
+        if self._is_java_jni_project:
+            return self.get_plugin("registers_soot")
+        return self.get_plugin("registers")
+
+    #
+    # Constraint pass-throughs
+    #
+
+    def simplify(self, *args):
+        """
+        Simplify this state's constraints.
+        """
+        return self.solver.simplify(*args)
+
+    def add_constraints(self, *constraints):
+        """
+        Add some constraints to the state.
+
+        You may pass in any number of symbolic booleans as variadic positional arguments.
+        """
+        return self.solver.add(*constraints)
+
+    def satisfiable(self, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Whether the state's constraints are satisfiable
+        """
+        return self.solver.satisfiable(**kwargs)
+
+    def downsize(self):
+        """
+        Clean up after the solver engine. Calling this when a state no longer needs to be solved on will reduce memory
+        usage.
+        """
+        if "solver" in self.plugins:
+            self.solver.downsize()
+
+    #
+    # State branching operations
+    #
+
+    def step(self, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Perform a step of symbolic execution using this state.
+        Any arguments to `AngrObjectFactory.successors` can be passed to this.
+
+        :return: A SimSuccessors object categorizing the results of the step.
+        """
+        return self.project.factory.successors(self, **kwargs)
+
+    def block(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Represent the basic block at this state's instruction pointer.
+        Any arguments to `AngrObjectFactory.block` can ba passed to this.
+
+        :return: A Block object describing the basic block of code at this point.
+        """
+        if not args and "addr" not in kwargs:
+            kwargs["addr"] = self.addr
+        return self.project.factory.block(*args, backup_state=self, **kwargs)
+
+    # Returns a dict that is a copy of all the state's plugins
+    def _copy_plugins(self):
+        memo = {}
+        out = {}
+        for n, p in self._active_plugins.items():
+            if id(p) in memo:
+                out[n] = memo[id(p)]
+            else:
+                out[n] = p.copy(memo)
+                memo[id(p)] = out[n]
+
+        return out
+
+    def copy(self):
+        """
+        Returns a copy of the state.
+        """
+
+        if self._global_condition is not None:
+            raise SimStateError("global condition was not cleared before state.copy().")
+
+        c_plugins = self._copy_plugins()
+        state = SimState(
+            project=self.project,
+            arch=self.arch,
+            plugins=c_plugins,
+            options=self.options.copy(),
+            mode=self.mode,
+            os_name=self.os_name,
+        )
+
+        if self._is_java_jni_project:
+            state.ip_is_soot_addr = self.ip_is_soot_addr
+
+        state.uninitialized_access_handler = self.uninitialized_access_handler
+        state._special_memory_filler = self._special_memory_filler
+        state.ip_constraints = self.ip_constraints
+
+        return state
+
+    def merge(self, *others, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Merges this state with the other states. Returns the merging result, merged state, and the merge flag.
+
+        :param states: the states to merge
+        :param merge_conditions: a tuple of the conditions under which each state holds
+        :param common_ancestor:  a state that represents the common history between the states being merged. Usually it
+                                 is only available when EFFICIENT_STATE_MERGING is enabled, otherwise weak-refed states
+                                 might be dropped from state history instances.
+        :param plugin_whitelist: a list of plugin names that will be merged. If this option is given and is not None,
+                                 any plugin that is not inside this list will not be merged, and will be created as a
+                                 fresh instance in the new state.
+        :param common_ancestor_history:
+                                 a SimStateHistory instance that represents the common history between the states being
+                                 merged. This is to allow optimal state merging when EFFICIENT_STATE_MERGING is
+                                 disabled.
+        :return: (merged state, merge flag, a bool indicating if any merging occurred)
+        """
+
+        merge_conditions = kwargs.pop("merge_conditions", None)
+        common_ancestor = kwargs.pop("common_ancestor", None)
+        plugin_whitelist = kwargs.pop("plugin_whitelist", None)
+        common_ancestor_history = kwargs.pop("common_ancestor_history", None)
+
+        if len(kwargs) != 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid arguments: {kwargs.keys()}")
+
+        if merge_conditions is None:
+            # TODO: maybe make the length of this smaller? Maybe: math.ceil(math.log(len(others)+1, 2))
+            merge_flag = claripy.BVS(f"state_merge_{next(merge_counter)}", 16)
+            merge_values = range(len(others) + 1)
+            merge_conditions = [merge_flag == b for b in merge_values]
+        else:
+            merge_conditions = [
+                (claripy.true() if len(mc) == 0 else claripy.And(*[c.to_claripy() for c in mc]))
+                for mc in merge_conditions
+            ]
+
+        if len({o.arch.name for o in others}) != 1:
+            raise SimMergeError("Unable to merge due to different architectures.")
+
+        all_plugins = set(self.plugins.keys()) | set.union(*(set(o.plugins.keys()) for o in others))
+
+        if plugin_whitelist is not None:
+            all_plugins = all_plugins.intersection(set(plugin_whitelist))
+
+        merged = self.copy()
+        merging_occurred = False
+
+        # fix parent
+        merged.history.parent = self.history
+
+        # plugins
+        for p in all_plugins:
+            our_plugin = merged.plugins.get(p, None)
+            their_plugins = [(pl.plugins.get(p, None)) for pl in others]
+
+            plugin_classes = ({our_plugin.__class__} | {pl.__class__ for pl in their_plugins}) - {None.__class__}
+            if len(plugin_classes) != 1:
+                raise SimMergeError(f"There are differing plugin classes ({plugin_classes}) for plugin {p}")
+            plugin_class = plugin_classes.pop()
+
+            our_filled_plugin = our_plugin if our_plugin is not None else merged.register_plugin(p, plugin_class())
+            their_filled_plugins = [
+                (tp if tp is not None else t.register_plugin(p, plugin_class())) for t, tp in zip(others, their_plugins)
+            ]
+
+            plugin_common_ancestor = (
+                common_ancestor.plugins[p] if (common_ancestor is not None and p in common_ancestor.plugins) else None
+            )
+            if (
+                plugin_common_ancestor is None
+                and plugin_class is SimStateHistory
+                and common_ancestor_history is not None
+            ):
+                plugin_common_ancestor = common_ancestor_history
+
+            plugin_state_merged = our_filled_plugin.merge(
+                their_filled_plugins,
+                merge_conditions,
+                common_ancestor=plugin_common_ancestor,
+            )
+            if plugin_state_merged:
+                l.debug("Merging occurred in %s", p)
+                merging_occurred = True
+
+        merged.add_constraints(claripy.Or(*merge_conditions))
+        return merged, merge_conditions, merging_occurred
+
+    def widen(self, *others):
+        """
+        Perform a widening between self and other states
+        :param others:
+        :return:
+        """
+
+        if len({frozenset(o.plugins.keys()) for o in others}) != 1:
+            raise SimMergeError("Unable to widen due to different sets of plugins.")
+        if len({o.arch.name for o in others}) != 1:
+            raise SimMergeError("Unable to widen due to different architectures.")
+
+        widened = self.copy()
+        widening_occurred = False
+
+        # plugins
+        for p in self.plugins:
+            if p in ("solver", "unicorn"):
+                continue
+            plugin_state_widened = widened.plugins[p].widen([_.plugins[p] for _ in others])
+            if plugin_state_widened:
+                l.debug("Widening occurred in %s", p)
+                widening_occurred = True
+
+        return widened, widening_occurred
+
+    #############################################
+    ### Accessors for tmps, registers, memory ###
+    #############################################
+
+    def reg_concrete(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Returns the contents of a register but, if that register is symbolic,
+        raises a SimValueError.
+        """
+        e = self.registers.load(*args, **kwargs)
+        if self.solver.symbolic(e):
+            raise SimValueError("target of reg_concrete is symbolic!")
+        return self.solver.eval(e)
+
+    def mem_concrete(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Returns the contents of a memory but, if the contents are symbolic,
+        raises a SimValueError.
+        """
+        e = self.memory.load(*args, **kwargs)
+        if self.solver.symbolic(e):
+            raise SimValueError("target of mem_concrete is symbolic!")
+        return self.solver.eval(e)
+
+    ###############################
+    ### Stack operation helpers ###
+    ###############################
+
+    @arch_overridable
+    def stack_push(self, thing):
+        """
+        Push 'thing' to the stack, writing the thing to memory and adjusting the stack pointer.
+        """
+        # increment sp
+        sp = self.regs.sp + self.arch.stack_change
+        self.regs.sp = sp
+        return self.memory.store(sp, thing, endness=self.arch.memory_endness, size=self.arch.bytes)
+
+    @arch_overridable
+    def stack_pop(self):
+        """
+        Pops from the stack and returns the popped thing. The length will be the architecture word size.
+        """
+        sp = self.regs.sp
+        self.regs.sp = sp - self.arch.stack_change
+        return self.memory.load(sp, self.arch.bytes, endness=self.arch.memory_endness)
+
+    @arch_overridable
+    def stack_read(self, offset, length, bp=False):
+        """
+        Reads length bytes, at an offset into the stack.
+
+        :param offset:  The offset from the stack pointer.
+        :param length:  The number of bytes to read.
+        :param bp:      If True, offset from the BP instead of the SP. Default: False.
+        """
+        sp = self.regs.bp if bp else self.regs.sp
+        return self.memory.load(sp + offset, length, endness=self.arch.memory_endness)
+
+    ###############################
+    ### Other helpful functions ###
+    ###############################
+
+    def make_concrete_int(self, expr):
+        if isinstance(expr, int):
+            return expr
+
+        if not self.solver.symbolic(expr):
+            return self.solver.eval(expr)
+
+        v = self.solver.eval(expr)
+        self.add_constraints(expr == v)
+        return v
+
+    # This handles the preparation of concrete function launches from abstract functions.
+    @arch_overridable
+    def prepare_callsite(self, retval, args, cc="wtf"):
+        # TODO
+        pass
+
+    def _stack_values_to_string(self, stack_values):
+        """
+        Convert each stack value to a string
+
+        :param stack_values: A list of values
+        :return: The converted string
+        """
+
+        strings = []
+        for stack_value in stack_values:
+            if self.solver.symbolic(stack_value):
+                concretized_value = f"SYMBOLIC - {stack_value!r}"
+            else:
+                if len(self.solver.eval_upto(stack_value, 2)) == 2:
+                    concretized_value = repr(stack_value)
+                else:
+                    concretized_value = repr(stack_value)
+            strings.append(concretized_value)
+
+        return " .. ".join(strings)
+
+    def dbg_print_stack(self, depth=None, sp=None):
+        """
+        Only used for debugging purposes.
+        Return the current stack info in formatted string. If depth is None, the
+        current stack frame (from sp to bp) will be printed out.
+        """
+
+        var_size = self.arch.bytes
+        sp_sim = self.regs._sp
+        bp_sim = self.regs._bp
+        if self.solver.symbolic(sp_sim) and sp is None:
+            result = "SP is SYMBOLIC"
+        elif self.solver.symbolic(bp_sim) and depth is None:
+            result = "BP is SYMBOLIC"
+        else:
+            sp_value = sp if sp is not None else self.solver.eval(sp_sim)
+            if self.solver.symbolic(bp_sim):
+                result = f"SP = 0x{sp_value:08x}, BP is symbolic\n"
+                bp_value = None
+            else:
+                bp_value = self.solver.eval(bp_sim)
+                result = f"SP = 0x{sp_value:08x}, BP = 0x{bp_value:08x}\n"
+            if depth is None:
+                # bp_value cannot be None here
+                depth = (bp_value - sp_value) // var_size + 1  # Print one more value
+            pointer_value = sp_value
+            for i in range(depth):
+                # For AbstractMemory, we wanna utilize more information from VSA
+                stack_values = []
+
+                if o.ABSTRACT_MEMORY in self.options:
+                    sp = self.regs._sp
+                    segment_sizes = self.memory.get_segments(sp + i * var_size, var_size)
+
+                    pos = i * var_size
+                    for segment_size in segment_sizes:
+                        stack_values.append(self.stack_read(pos, segment_size, bp=False))
+                        pos += segment_size
+                else:
+                    stack_values.append(self.stack_read(i * var_size, var_size, bp=False))
+
+                # Convert it into a big string!
+                val = self._stack_values_to_string(stack_values)
+
+                if pointer_value == sp_value:
+                    line = f"(sp){pointer_value: 16x} | {val}"
+                elif pointer_value == bp_value:
+                    line = f"(bp){pointer_value: 16x} | {val}"
+                else:
+                    line = f"{pointer_value: 20x} | {val}"
+
+                pointer_value += var_size
+                result += line + "\n"
+        return result
+
+    #
+    # Other helper methods
+    #
+
+    def set_mode(self, mode):
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.options = SimStateOptions(o.modes[mode])
+
+    @property
+    def thumb(self):
+        if not self.arch.name.startswith("ARM"):
+            return False
+
+        if self.regs.ip.symbolic:
+            # return True when IP can *only* be odd
+            new_state = self.copy()
+            new_state.add_constraints(new_state.regs.ip % 2 == 1, new_state.regs.ip % 2 != 0)
+            return new_state.satisfiable()
+
+        concrete_ip = self.solver.eval(self.regs.ip)
+        return concrete_ip % 2 == 1
+
+    #
+    # Some pretty fancy global condition stuff!
+    #
+
+    @property
+    def with_condition(self):
+        @contextlib.contextmanager
+        def ctx(c):
+            old_condition = self._global_condition
+            try:
+                new_condition = c if old_condition is None else claripy.And(old_condition, c)
+                self._global_condition = new_condition
+                yield
+            finally:
+                self._global_condition = old_condition
+
+        return ctx
+
+    def _adjust_condition(self, c):
+        if self._global_condition is None:
+            return c
+        if c is None:
+            return self._global_condition
+        return claripy.And(self._global_condition, c)
+
+    def _adjust_condition_list(self, conditions):
+        if self._global_condition is None:
+            return conditions
+        if len(conditions) == 0:
+            return conditions.__class__((self._global_condition,))
+        return conditions.__class__((self._adjust_condition(claripy.And(*conditions)),))
+
+
+default_state_plugin_preset = PluginPreset()
+SimState.register_preset("default", default_state_plugin_preset)
+
+from .state_plugins.history import SimStateHistory