angr 9.2.103__py3-none-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl

angr/state_plugins/solver.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1129 @@
+import functools
+import time
+import logging
+from typing import TypeVar, overload
+
+from claripy import backend_manager
+
+from .plugin import SimStatePlugin
+from .sim_action_object import ast_stripping_decorator, SimActionObject
+
+l = logging.getLogger(name=__name__)
+
+# pylint:disable=unidiomatic-typecheck,isinstance-second-argument-not-valid-type
+
+#
+# Timing stuff
+#
+
+_timing_enabled = False
+
+lt = logging.getLogger("angr.state_plugins.solver_timing")
+
+
+def timed_function(f):
+    if _timing_enabled:
+
+        @functools.wraps(f)
+        def timing_guy(*args, **kwargs):
+            the_solver = kwargs.pop("the_solver", None)
+            the_solver = args[0] if the_solver is None else the_solver
+            s = the_solver.state
+
+            start = time.time()
+            r = f(*args, **kwargs)
+            end = time.time()
+            duration = end - start
+
+            try:
+                if s.scratch.sim_procedure is None and s.scratch.bbl_addr is not None:
+                    location = "bbl {:#x}, stmt {} (inst {})".format(
+                        s.scratch.bbl_addr,
+                        s.scratch.stmt_idx,
+                        ("%s" % s.scratch.ins_addr if s.scratch.ins_addr is None else "%#x" % s.scratch.ins_addr),
+                    )
+                elif s.scratch.sim_procedure is not None:
+                    location = "sim_procedure %s" % s.scratch.sim_procedure
+                else:
+                    location = "unknown"
+            except Exception:  # pylint:disable=broad-except
+                l.error("Got exception while generating timer message:", exc_info=True)
+                location = "unknown"
+            lt.log(int((end - start) * 10), "%s took %s seconds at %s", f.__name__, round(duration, 2), location)
+
+            assert not (0 <= break_time < duration), "Please report this."
+
+            return r
+
+        return timing_guy
+    else:
+        return f
+
+
+# pylint:disable=global-variable-undefined
+def enable_timing():
+    global _timing_enabled
+    _timing_enabled = True
+    lt.setLevel(1)
+
+
+def disable_timing():
+    global _timing_enabled
+    _timing_enabled = False
+
+
+import os
+
+if os.environ.get("SOLVER_TIMING", False):
+    enable_timing()
+else:
+    disable_timing()
+
+break_time = float(os.environ.get("SOLVER_BREAK_TIME", -1))
+
+#
+# Various over-engineered crap
+#
+
+
+def error_converter(f):
+    @functools.wraps(f)
+    def wrapped_f(*args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            return f(*args, **kwargs)
+        except claripy.UnsatError as e:
+            raise SimUnsatError("Got an unsat result") from e
+        except claripy.ClaripyFrontendError as e:
+            raise SimSolverModeError("Claripy threw an error") from e
+
+    return wrapped_f
+
+
+#
+# Premature optimizations
+#
+
+
+def _concrete_bool(e):
+    if isinstance(e, bool):
+        return e
+    elif isinstance(e, claripy.ast.Base) and e.op == "BoolV":
+        return e.args[0]
+    elif isinstance(e, SimActionObject) and e.op == "BoolV":
+        return e.args[0]
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+def _concrete_value(e):
+    # shortcuts for speed improvement
+    if isinstance(e, (int, float, bool)):
+        return e
+    elif isinstance(e, claripy.ast.Base) and e.op in claripy.operations.leaf_operations_concrete:
+        return e.args[0]
+    elif isinstance(e, SimActionObject) and e.op in claripy.operations.leaf_operations_concrete:
+        return e.args[0]
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+def concrete_path_bool(f):
+    @functools.wraps(f)
+    def concrete_shortcut_bool(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        v = _concrete_bool(args[0])
+        if v is None:
+            return f(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            return v
+
+    return concrete_shortcut_bool
+
+
+def concrete_path_not_bool(f):
+    @functools.wraps(f)
+    def concrete_shortcut_not_bool(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        v = _concrete_bool(args[0])
+        if v is None:
+            return f(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            return not v
+
+    return concrete_shortcut_not_bool
+
+
+def concrete_path_scalar(f):
+    @functools.wraps(f)
+    def concrete_shortcut_scalar(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        v = _concrete_value(args[0])
+        if v is None:
+            return f(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            return v
+
+    return concrete_shortcut_scalar
+
+
+def concrete_path_tuple(f):
+    @functools.wraps(f)
+    def concrete_shortcut_tuple(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        v = _concrete_value(args[0])
+        if v is None:
+            return f(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            return (v,)
+
+    return concrete_shortcut_tuple
+
+
+def concrete_path_list(f):
+    @functools.wraps(f)
+    def concrete_shortcut_list(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        v = _concrete_value(args[0])
+        if v is None:
+            return f(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            return [v]
+
+    return concrete_shortcut_list
+
+
+#
+# The main event
+#
+
+import claripy
+
+
+class SimSolver(SimStatePlugin):
+    """
+    This is the plugin you'll use to interact with symbolic variables, creating them and evaluating them.
+    It should be available on a state as ``state.solver``.
+
+    Any top-level variable of the claripy module can be accessed as a property of this object.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, solver=None, all_variables=None, temporal_tracked_variables=None, eternal_tracked_variables=None
+    ):  # pylint:disable=redefined-outer-name
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self._stored_solver = solver
+        self.all_variables = [] if all_variables is None else all_variables
+        self.temporal_tracked_variables = {} if temporal_tracked_variables is None else temporal_tracked_variables
+        self.eternal_tracked_variables = {} if eternal_tracked_variables is None else eternal_tracked_variables
+
+    def reload_solver(self, constraints=None):
+        """
+        Reloads the solver. Useful when changing solver options.
+
+        :param list constraints:    A new list of constraints to use in the reloaded solver instead of the current one
+        """
+
+        if constraints is None:
+            constraints = self._solver.constraints
+        self._stored_solver = None
+        self._solver.add(constraints)
+
+    def get_variables(self, *keys):
+        """
+        Iterate over all variables for which their tracking key is a prefix of the values provided.
+
+        Elements are a tuple, the first element is the full tracking key, the second is the symbol.
+
+        >>> list(s.solver.get_variables('mem'))
+        [(('mem', 0x1000), <BV64 mem_1000_4_64>), (('mem', 0x1008), <BV64 mem_1008_5_64>)]
+
+        >>> list(s.solver.get_variables('file'))
+        [(('file', 1, 0), <BV8 file_1_0_6_8>), (('file', 1, 1), <BV8 file_1_1_7_8>), (('file', 2, 0), <BV8 file_2_0_8_8>)]
+
+        >>> list(s.solver.get_variables('file', 2))
+        [(('file', 2, 0), <BV8 file_2_0_8_8>)]
+
+        >>> list(s.solver.get_variables())
+        [(('mem', 0x1000), <BV64 mem_1000_4_64>), (('mem', 0x1008), <BV64 mem_1008_5_64>), (('file', 1, 0), <BV8 file_1_0_6_8>), (('file', 1, 1), <BV8 file_1_1_7_8>), (('file', 2, 0), <BV8 file_2_0_8_8>)]
+        """
+        for k, v in self.eternal_tracked_variables.items():
+            if len(k) >= len(keys) and all(x == y for x, y in zip(keys, k)):
+                yield k, v
+        for k, v in self.temporal_tracked_variables.items():
+            if k[-1] is None:
+                continue
+            if len(k) >= len(keys) and all(x == y for x, y in zip(keys, k)):
+                yield k, v
+
+    def register_variable(self, v, key, eternal=True):
+        """
+        Register a value with the variable tracking system
+
+        :param v:       The BVS to register
+        :param key:     A tuple to register the variable under
+        :parma eternal: Whether this is an eternal variable, default True. If False, an incrementing counter will be
+                        appended to the key.
+        """
+        if type(key) is not tuple:
+            raise TypeError("Variable tracking key must be a tuple")
+        if eternal:
+            self.eternal_tracked_variables[key] = v
+        else:
+            self.temporal_tracked_variables = dict(self.temporal_tracked_variables)
+            ctrkey = key + (None,)
+            ctrval = self.temporal_tracked_variables.get(ctrkey, 0) + 1
+            self.temporal_tracked_variables[ctrkey] = ctrval
+            tempkey = key + (ctrval,)
+            self.temporal_tracked_variables[tempkey] = v
+
+    def describe_variables(self, v):
+        """
+        Given an AST, iterate over all the keys of all the BVS leaves in the tree which are registered.
+        """
+        # pylint: disable=stop-iteration-return
+        # ??? wtf pylint
+        reverse_mapping = {next(iter(var.variables)): k for k, var in self.eternal_tracked_variables.items()}
+        reverse_mapping.update(
+            {next(iter(var.variables)): k for k, var in self.temporal_tracked_variables.items() if k[-1] is not None}
+        )
+
+        for var in v.variables:
+            if var in reverse_mapping:
+                yield reverse_mapping[var]
+
+    @property
+    def _solver(self):
+        """
+        Creates or gets a Claripy solver, based on the state options.
+        """
+        if self._stored_solver is not None:
+            return self._stored_solver
+
+        track = o.CONSTRAINT_TRACKING_IN_SOLVER in self.state.options
+        approximate_first = o.APPROXIMATE_FIRST in self.state.options
+
+        if o.STRINGS_ANALYSIS in self.state.options:
+            if "smtlib_cvc4" in backend_manager.backends._backends_by_name:
+                our_backend = backend_manager.backends.smtlib_cvc4
+            elif "smtlib_z3" in backend_manager.backends._backends_by_name:
+                our_backend = backend_manager.backends.smtlib_z3
+            elif "smtlib_abc" in backend_manager.backends._backends_by_name:
+                our_backend = backend_manager.backends.smtlib_abc
+            else:
+                l.error(
+                    "Cannot find a suitable string solver. Please ensure you have installed a string solver that "
+                    "angr supports, and have imported the corresponding solver backend in claripy. You can try "
+                    'adding "from claripy.backends.backend_smtlib_solvers import *" at the beginning of your '
+                    "script."
+                )
+                raise ValueError("Cannot find a suitable string solver")
+            if o.COMPOSITE_SOLVER in self.state.options:
+                self._stored_solver = claripy.SolverComposite(
+                    template_solver_string=claripy.SolverCompositeChild(backend=our_backend, track=track)
+                )
+        elif o.ABSTRACT_SOLVER in self.state.options:
+            self._stored_solver = claripy.SolverVSA()
+        elif o.SYMBOLIC in self.state.options and o.REPLACEMENT_SOLVER in self.state.options:
+            self._stored_solver = claripy.SolverReplacement(auto_replace=False)
+        elif o.SYMBOLIC in self.state.options and o.CACHELESS_SOLVER in self.state.options:
+            self._stored_solver = claripy.SolverCacheless(track=track)
+        elif o.SYMBOLIC in self.state.options and o.COMPOSITE_SOLVER in self.state.options:
+            self._stored_solver = claripy.SolverComposite(track=track)
+        elif o.SYMBOLIC in self.state.options and any(opt in self.state.options for opt in o.approximation):
+            self._stored_solver = claripy.SolverHybrid(track=track, approximate_first=approximate_first)
+        elif o.HYBRID_SOLVER in self.state.options:
+            self._stored_solver = claripy.SolverHybrid(track=track, approximate_first=approximate_first)
+        elif o.SYMBOLIC in self.state.options:
+            self._stored_solver = claripy.Solver(track=track)
+        else:
+            self._stored_solver = claripy.SolverConcrete()
+
+        return self._stored_solver
+
+    #
+    # Get unconstrained stuff
+    #
+    def Unconstrained(
+        self, name, bits, uninitialized=True, inspect=True, events=True, key=None, eternal=False, **kwargs
+    ):
+        """
+        Creates an unconstrained symbol or a default concrete value (0), based on the state options.
+
+        :param name:            The name of the symbol.
+        :param bits:            The size (in bits) of the symbol.
+        :param uninitialized:   Whether this value should be counted as an "uninitialized" value in the course of an
+                                analysis.
+        :param inspect:         Set to False to avoid firing SimInspect breakpoints
+        :param events:          Set to False to avoid generating a SimEvent for the occasion
+        :param key:             Set this to a tuple of increasingly specific identifiers (for example,
+                                ``('mem', 0xffbeff00)`` or ``('file', 4, 0x20)`` to cause it to be tracked, i.e.
+                                accessable through ``solver.get_variables``.
+        :param eternal:         Set to True in conjunction with setting a key to cause all states with the same
+                                ancestry to retrieve the same symbol when trying to create the value. If False, a
+                                counter will be appended to the key.
+
+        :returns:               an unconstrained symbol (or a concrete value of 0).
+        """
+        if o.SYMBOLIC_INITIAL_VALUES in self.state.options:
+            # Return a symbolic value
+            if o.ABSTRACT_MEMORY in self.state.options:
+                l.debug("Creating new top StridedInterval")
+                r = claripy.TSI(bits=bits, name=name, uninitialized=uninitialized, **kwargs)
+            else:
+                l.debug("Creating new unconstrained BV named %s", name)
+                if o.UNDER_CONSTRAINED_SYMEXEC in self.state.options:
+                    r = self.BVS(
+                        name,
+                        bits,
+                        uninitialized=uninitialized,
+                        key=key,
+                        eternal=eternal,
+                        inspect=inspect,
+                        events=events,
+                        **kwargs,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    r = self.BVS(
+                        name,
+                        bits,
+                        uninitialized=uninitialized,
+                        key=key,
+                        eternal=eternal,
+                        inspect=inspect,
+                        events=events,
+                        **kwargs,
+                    )
+
+            return r
+        else:
+            # Return a default value, aka. 0
+            return claripy.BVV(0, bits)
+
+    def BVS(
+        self,
+        name,
+        size,
+        min=None,
+        max=None,
+        stride=None,
+        uninitialized=False,
+        explicit_name=None,
+        key=None,
+        eternal=False,
+        inspect=True,
+        events=True,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):  # pylint:disable=redefined-builtin
+        """
+        Creates a bit-vector symbol (i.e., a variable). Other keyword parameters are passed directly on to the
+        constructor of claripy.ast.BV.
+
+        :param name:            The name of the symbol.
+        :param size:            The size (in bits) of the bit-vector.
+        :param min:             The minimum value of the symbol. Note that this **only** work when using VSA.
+        :param max:             The maximum value of the symbol. Note that this **only** work when using VSA.
+        :param stride:          The stride of the symbol. Note that this **only** work when using VSA.
+        :param uninitialized:   Whether this value should be counted as an "uninitialized" value in the course of an
+                                analysis.
+        :param explicit_name:   Set to True to prevent an identifier from appended to the name to ensure uniqueness.
+        :param key:             Set this to a tuple of increasingly specific identifiers (for example,
+                                ``('mem', 0xffbeff00)`` or ``('file', 4, 0x20)`` to cause it to be tracked, i.e.
+                                accessable through ``solver.get_variables``.
+        :param eternal:         Set to True in conjunction with setting a key to cause all states with the same
+                                ancestry to retrieve the same symbol when trying to create the value. If False, a
+                                counter will be appended to the key.
+        :param inspect:         Set to False to avoid firing SimInspect breakpoints
+        :param events:          Set to False to avoid generating a SimEvent for the occasion
+
+        :return:                A BV object representing this symbol.
+        """
+
+        # should this be locked for multithreading?
+        if key is not None and eternal and key in self.eternal_tracked_variables:
+            r = self.eternal_tracked_variables[key]
+            # pylint: disable=too-many-boolean-expressions
+            if (
+                size != r.length
+                or min != r.args[1]
+                or max != r.args[2]
+                or stride != r.args[3]
+                or uninitialized != r.args[4]
+                or bool(explicit_name) ^ (r.args[0] == name)
+            ):
+                l.warning("Variable %s being retrieved with differnt settings than it was tracked with", name)
+        else:
+            r = claripy.BVS(
+                name,
+                size,
+                min=min,
+                max=max,
+                stride=stride,
+                uninitialized=uninitialized,
+                explicit_name=explicit_name,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+            if key is not None:
+                self.register_variable(r, key, eternal)
+
+        if inspect:
+            self.state._inspect(
+                "symbolic_variable",
+                BP_AFTER,
+                symbolic_name=next(iter(r.variables)),
+                symbolic_size=size,
+                symbolic_expr=r,
+            )
+        if events:
+            self.state.history.add_event("unconstrained", name=next(iter(r.variables)), bits=size, **kwargs)
+        if o.TRACK_SOLVER_VARIABLES in self.state.options:
+            self.all_variables = list(self.all_variables)
+            self.all_variables.append(r)
+        return r
+
+    #
+    # Operation passthroughs to claripy
+    #
+
+    def __getattr__(self, a):
+        f = getattr(claripy._all_operations, a)
+        if hasattr(f, "__call__"):
+            ff = error_converter(ast_stripping_decorator(f))
+            if _timing_enabled:
+                ff = functools.partial(timed_function(ff), the_solver=self)
+            ff.__doc__ = f.__doc__
+            return ff
+        else:
+            return f
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return sorted(set(dir(super()) + dir(claripy._all_operations) + dir(self.__class__)))
+
+    #
+    # Branching stuff
+    #
+
+    @SimStatePlugin.memo
+    def copy(self, memo):  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        c = super().copy(memo)
+
+        c._stored_solver = self._solver.branch()
+        c.all_variables = self.all_variables
+        c.temporal_tracked_variables = self.temporal_tracked_variables
+        c.eternal_tracked_variables = self.eternal_tracked_variables
+
+        return c
+
+    @error_converter
+    def merge(self, others, merge_conditions, common_ancestor=None):  # pylint: disable=W0613
+        merging_occurred, self._stored_solver = self._solver.merge(
+            [oc._solver for oc in others],
+            merge_conditions,
+            common_ancestor=common_ancestor._solver if common_ancestor is not None else None,
+        )
+        return merging_occurred
+
+    @error_converter
+    def widen(self, others):
+        c = self.state.solver.BVS("random_widen_condition", 32)
+        merge_conditions = [[c == i] for i in range(len(others) + 1)]
+        merging_occurred = self.merge(others, merge_conditions)
+        return merging_occurred
+
+    #
+    # Frontend passthroughs
+    #
+
+    def downsize(self):
+        """
+        Frees memory associated with the constraint solver by clearing all of
+        its internal caches.
+        """
+        self._solver.downsize()
+
+    @property
+    def constraints(self):
+        """
+        Returns the constraints of the state stored by the solver.
+        """
+        return self._solver.constraints
+
+    def _adjust_constraint(self, c):
+        if self.state._global_condition is None:
+            return c
+        elif c is None:  # this should never happen
+            l.critical("PLEASE REPORT THIS MESSAGE, AND WHAT YOU WERE DOING, TO YAN")
+            return self.state._global_condition
+        else:
+            return self.Or(self.Not(self.state._global_condition), c)
+
+    def _adjust_constraint_list(self, constraints):
+        if self.state._global_condition is None:
+            return constraints
+        if len(constraints) == 0:
+            return constraints.__class__((self.state._global_condition,))
+        else:
+            return constraints.__class__((self._adjust_constraint(self.And(*constraints)),))
+
+    @timed_function
+    @ast_stripping_decorator
+    @error_converter
+    def eval_to_ast(self, e, n, extra_constraints=(), exact=None):
+        """
+        Evaluate an expression, using the solver if necessary. Returns AST objects.
+
+        :param e: the expression
+        :param n: the number of desired solutions
+        :param extra_constraints: extra constraints to apply to the solver
+        :param exact: if False, returns approximate solutions
+        :return: a tuple of the solutions, in the form of claripy AST nodes
+        :rtype: tuple
+        """
+        return self._solver.eval_to_ast(
+            e, n, extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints), exact=exact
+        )
+
+    @concrete_path_tuple
+    @timed_function
+    @ast_stripping_decorator
+    @error_converter
+    def _eval(self, e, n, extra_constraints=(), exact=None):
+        """
+        Evaluate an expression, using the solver if necessary. Returns primitives.
+
+        :param e: the expression
+        :param n: the number of desired solutions
+        :param extra_constraints: extra constraints to apply to the solver
+        :param exact: if False, returns approximate solutions
+        :return: a tuple of the solutions, in the form of Python primitives
+        :rtype: tuple
+        """
+        return self._solver.eval(e, n, extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints), exact=exact)
+
+    @concrete_path_scalar
+    @timed_function
+    @ast_stripping_decorator
+    @error_converter
+    def max(self, e, extra_constraints=(), exact=None, signed=False):
+        """
+        Return the maximum value of expression `e`.
+
+        :param e                : expression (an AST) to evaluate
+        :param extra_constraints: extra constraints (as ASTs) to add to the solver for this solve
+        :param exact            : if False, return approximate solutions.
+        :param signed           : Whether the expression should be treated as a signed value.
+        :return: the maximum possible value of e (backend object)
+        """
+        if exact is False and o.VALIDATE_APPROXIMATIONS in self.state.options:
+            ar = self._solver.max(
+                e, extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints), exact=False, signed=signed
+            )
+            er = self._solver.max(e, extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints), signed=signed)
+            assert er <= ar
+            return ar
+        return self._solver.max(
+            e, extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints), exact=exact, signed=signed
+        )
+
+    @concrete_path_scalar
+    @timed_function
+    @ast_stripping_decorator
+    @error_converter
+    def min(self, e, extra_constraints=(), exact=None, signed=False):
+        """
+        Return the minimum value of expression `e`.
+
+        :param e                : expression (an AST) to evaluate
+        :param extra_constraints: extra constraints (as ASTs) to add to the solver for this solve
+        :param exact            : if False, return approximate solutions.
+        :param signed           : Whether the expression should be treated as a signed value.
+        :return: the minimum possible value of e (backend object)
+        """
+        if exact is False and o.VALIDATE_APPROXIMATIONS in self.state.options:
+            ar = self._solver.min(
+                e, extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints), exact=False, signed=signed
+            )
+            er = self._solver.min(e, extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints), signed=signed)
+            assert ar <= er
+            return ar
+        return self._solver.min(
+            e, extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints), exact=exact, signed=signed
+        )
+
+    @timed_function
+    @ast_stripping_decorator
+    @error_converter
+    def solution(self, e, v, extra_constraints=(), exact=None):
+        """
+        Return True if `v` is a solution of `expr` with the extra constraints, False otherwise.
+
+        :param e:                   An expression (an AST) to evaluate
+        :param v:                   The proposed solution (an AST)
+        :param extra_constraints:   Extra constraints (as ASTs) to add to the solver for this solve.
+        :param exact:               If False, return approximate solutions.
+        :return:                    True if `v` is a solution of `expr`, False otherwise
+        """
+        if exact is False and o.VALIDATE_APPROXIMATIONS in self.state.options:
+            ar = self._solver.solution(
+                e, v, extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints), exact=False
+            )
+            er = self._solver.solution(e, v, extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints))
+            if er is True:
+                assert ar is True
+            return ar
+        return self._solver.solution(
+            e, v, extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints), exact=exact
+        )
+
+    @concrete_path_bool
+    @timed_function
+    @ast_stripping_decorator
+    @error_converter
+    def is_true(self, e, extra_constraints=(), exact=None):
+        """
+        If the expression provided is absolutely, definitely a true boolean, return True.
+        Note that returning False doesn't necessarily mean that the expression can be false, just that we couldn't
+        figure that out easily.
+
+        :param e:                   An expression (an AST) to evaluate
+        :param extra_constraints:   Extra constraints (as ASTs) to add to the solver for this solve.
+        :param exact:               If False, return approximate solutions.
+        :return:                    True if `v` is definitely true, False otherwise
+        """
+        if exact is False and o.VALIDATE_APPROXIMATIONS in self.state.options:
+            ar = self._solver.is_true(e, extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints), exact=False)
+            er = self._solver.is_true(e, extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints))
+            if er is False:
+                assert ar is False
+            return ar
+        return self._solver.is_true(e, extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints), exact=exact)
+
+    @concrete_path_not_bool
+    @timed_function
+    @ast_stripping_decorator
+    @error_converter
+    def is_false(self, e, extra_constraints=(), exact=None):
+        """
+        If the expression provided is absolutely, definitely a false boolean, return True.
+        Note that returning False doesn't necessarily mean that the expression can be true, just that we couldn't
+        figure that out easily.
+
+        :param e:                   An expression (an AST) to evaluate
+        :param extra_constraints:   Extra constraints (as ASTs) to add to the solver for this solve.
+        :param exact:               If False, return approximate solutions.
+        :return:                    True if `v` is definitely false, False otherwise
+        """
+        if exact is False and o.VALIDATE_APPROXIMATIONS in self.state.options:
+            ar = self._solver.is_false(
+                e, extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints), exact=False
+            )
+            er = self._solver.is_false(e, extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints))
+            if er is False:
+                assert ar is False
+            return ar
+        return self._solver.is_false(e, extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints), exact=exact)
+
+    @timed_function
+    @ast_stripping_decorator
+    @error_converter
+    def unsat_core(self, extra_constraints=()):
+        """
+        This function returns the unsat core from the backend solver.
+
+        :param extra_constraints:   Extra constraints (as ASTs) to add to the solver for this solve.
+        :return: The unsat core.
+        """
+        if o.CONSTRAINT_TRACKING_IN_SOLVER not in self.state.options:
+            raise SimSolverOptionError("CONSTRAINT_TRACKING_IN_SOLVER must be enabled before calling unsat_core().")
+        return self._solver.unsat_core(extra_constraints=extra_constraints)
+
+    @timed_function
+    @ast_stripping_decorator
+    @error_converter
+    def satisfiable(self, extra_constraints=(), exact=None):
+        """
+        This function does a constraint check and checks if the solver is in a sat state.
+
+        :param extra_constraints:   Extra constraints (as ASTs) to add to s for this solve
+        :param exact:               If False, return approximate solutions.
+
+        :return:                    True if sat, otherwise false
+        """
+        if exact is False and o.VALIDATE_APPROXIMATIONS in self.state.options:
+            er = self._solver.satisfiable(extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints))
+            ar = self._solver.satisfiable(
+                extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints), exact=False
+            )
+            if er is True:
+                assert ar is True
+            return ar
+        return self._solver.satisfiable(extra_constraints=self._adjust_constraint_list(extra_constraints), exact=exact)
+
+    @timed_function
+    @ast_stripping_decorator
+    @error_converter
+    def add(self, *constraints):
+        """
+        Add some constraints to the solver.
+
+        :param constraints:     Pass any constraints that you want to add (ASTs) as varargs.
+        """
+        cc = self._adjust_constraint_list(constraints)
+        return self._solver.add(cc)
+
+    #
+    # And some convenience stuff
+    #
+
+    CastType = TypeVar("CastType", int, bytes)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _cast_to(
+        e: claripy.ast.Bool | claripy.ast.BV | claripy.ast.FP,
+        solution: bool | float | int,
+        cast_to: type[CastType] | None,
+    ) -> CastType:
+        """
+        Casts a solution for the given expression to type `cast_to`.
+
+        :param e: The expression `solution` is a solution for
+        :param solution: The solution to be cast
+        :param cast_to: The type `solution` should be cast to. Must be one of the currently supported types (bytes|int)
+        :raise ValueError: If cast_to is a currently unsupported cast target.
+        :return: The value of `solution` cast to type `cast_to`
+        """
+        if cast_to is None:
+            return solution
+
+        if type(solution) is bool:
+            if cast_to is bytes:
+                return bytes([int(solution)])
+            elif cast_to is int:
+                return int(solution)
+        elif type(solution) is float:
+            solution = _concrete_value(claripy.FPV(solution, claripy.fp.FSort.from_size(len(e))).raw_to_bv())
+
+        if cast_to is bytes:
+            if len(e) == 0:
+                return b""
+            if len(e) % 8:
+                raise ValueError("bit string length is not a multiple of 8")
+            return solution.to_bytes(len(e) // 8, byteorder="big")
+
+        if cast_to is not int:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"cast_to parameter {cast_to!r} is not a valid cast target, currently supported are only int and bytes!"
+            )
+
+        return solution
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_upto(self, e: claripy.ast.BV, n: int, cast_to: None = ..., **kwargs) -> list[int]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_upto(self, e: claripy.ast.BV, n: int, cast_to: type[CastType], **kwargs) -> list[CastType]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_upto(self, e: claripy.ast.Bool, n: int, cast_to: None = ..., **kwargs) -> list[bool]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_upto(self, e: claripy.ast.Bool, n: int, cast_to: type[CastType], **kwargs) -> list[CastType]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_upto(self, e: claripy.ast.FP, n: int, cast_to: None = ..., **kwargs) -> list[float]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_upto(self, e: claripy.ast.FP, n: int, cast_to: type[CastType], **kwargs) -> list[CastType]: ...
+
+    def eval_upto(self, e, n, cast_to=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Evaluate an expression, using the solver if necessary. Returns primitives as specified by the `cast_to`
+        parameter. Only certain primitives are supported, check the implementation of `_cast_to` to see which ones.
+
+        :param e: the expression
+        :param n: the number of desired solutions
+        :param extra_constraints: extra constraints to apply to the solver
+        :param exact: if False, returns approximate solutions
+        :param cast_to: desired type of resulting values
+        :return: a tuple of the solutions, in the form of Python primitives
+        :rtype: tuple
+        """
+        concrete_val = _concrete_value(e)
+        if concrete_val is not None:
+            return [self._cast_to(e, concrete_val, cast_to)]
+
+        cast_vals = [self._cast_to(e, v, cast_to) for v in self._eval(e, n, **kwargs)]
+        if len(cast_vals) == 0:
+            raise SimUnsatError("Not satisfiable: %s, expected up to %d solutions" % (e.shallow_repr(), n))
+        return cast_vals
+
+    @overload
+    def eval(self, e: claripy.ast.BV, cast_to: None = ..., **kwargs) -> int: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval(self, e: claripy.ast.BV, cast_to: type[CastType], **kwargs) -> CastType: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval(self, e: claripy.ast.Bool, cast_to: None = ..., **kwargs) -> bool: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval(self, e: claripy.ast.Bool, cast_to: type[CastType], **kwargs) -> CastType: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval(self, e: claripy.ast.FP, cast_to: None = ..., **kwargs) -> float: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval(self, e: claripy.ast.FP, cast_to: type[CastType], **kwargs) -> CastType: ...
+
+    def eval(self, e, cast_to=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Evaluate an expression to get any possible solution. The desired output types can be specified using the
+        `cast_to` parameter. `extra_constraints` can be used to specify additional constraints the returned values
+        must satisfy.
+
+        :param e: the expression to get a solution for
+        :param kwargs: Any additional kwargs will be passed down to `eval_upto`
+        :param cast_to: desired type of resulting values
+        :raise SimUnsatError: if no solution could be found satisfying the given constraints
+        :return:
+        """
+        # eval_upto already throws the UnsatError, no reason for us to worry about it
+        concrete_val = _concrete_value(e)
+        if concrete_val is not None:
+            return self._cast_to(e, concrete_val, cast_to)
+
+        return self.eval_upto(e, 1, cast_to, **kwargs)[0]
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_one(self, e: claripy.ast.BV, cast_to: None = ..., **kwargs) -> int: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_one(self, e: claripy.ast.BV, cast_to: type[CastType], **kwargs) -> CastType: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_one(self, e: claripy.ast.Bool, cast_to: None = ..., **kwargs) -> bool: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_one(self, e: claripy.ast.Bool, cast_to: type[CastType], **kwargs) -> CastType: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_one(self, e: claripy.ast.FP, cast_to: None = ..., **kwargs) -> float: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_one(self, e: claripy.ast.FP, cast_to: type[CastType], **kwargs) -> CastType: ...
+
+    def eval_one(self, e, cast_to=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Evaluate an expression to get the only possible solution. Errors if either no or more than one solution is
+        returned. A kwarg parameter `default` can be specified to be returned instead of failure!
+
+        :param e: the expression to get a solution for
+        :param cast_to: desired type of resulting values
+        :param default: A value can be passed as a kwarg here. It will be returned in case of failure.
+        :param kwargs: Any additional kwargs will be passed down to `eval_upto`
+        :raise SimUnsatError: if no solution could be found satisfying the given constraints
+        :raise SimValueError: if more than one solution was found to satisfy the given constraints
+        :return: The value for `e`
+        """
+        try:
+            return self.eval_exact(e, 1, cast_to, **{k: v for (k, v) in kwargs.items() if k != "default"})[0]
+        except (SimUnsatError, SimValueError, SimSolverModeError):
+            if "default" in kwargs:
+                return kwargs.pop("default")
+            raise
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_atmost(self, e: claripy.ast.BV, n: int, cast_to: None = ..., **kwargs) -> list[int]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_atmost(self, e: claripy.ast.BV, n: int, cast_to: type[CastType], **kwargs) -> list[CastType]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_atmost(self, e: claripy.ast.Bool, n: int, cast_to: None = ..., **kwargs) -> list[bool]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_atmost(self, e: claripy.ast.Bool, n: int, cast_to: type[CastType], **kwargs) -> list[CastType]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_atmost(self, e: claripy.ast.FP, n: int, cast_to: None = ..., **kwargs) -> list[float]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_atmost(self, e: claripy.ast.FP, n: int, cast_to: type[CastType], **kwargs) -> list[CastType]: ...
+
+    def eval_atmost(self, e, n, cast_to=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Evaluate an expression to get at most `n` possible solutions. Errors if either none or more than `n` solutions
+        are returned.
+
+        :param e: the expression to get a solution for
+        :param n: the inclusive upper limit on the number of solutions
+        :param cast_to: desired type of resulting values
+        :param kwargs: Any additional kwargs will be passed down to `eval_upto`
+        :raise SimUnsatError: if no solution could be found satisfying the given constraints
+        :raise SimValueError: if more than `n` solutions were found to satisfy the given constraints
+        :return: The solutions for `e`
+        """
+        r = self.eval_upto(e, n + 1, cast_to, **kwargs)
+        if len(r) > n:
+            raise SimValueError("Concretized %d values (must be at most %d) in eval_atmost" % (len(r), n))
+        return r
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_atleast(self, e: claripy.ast.BV, n: int, cast_to: None = ..., **kwargs) -> list[int]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_atleast(self, e: claripy.ast.BV, n: int, cast_to: type[CastType], **kwargs) -> list[CastType]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_atleast(self, e: claripy.ast.Bool, n: int, cast_to: None = ..., **kwargs) -> list[bool]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_atleast(self, e: claripy.ast.Bool, n: int, cast_to: type[CastType], **kwargs) -> list[CastType]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_atleast(self, e: claripy.ast.FP, n: int, cast_to: None = ..., **kwargs) -> list[float]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_atleast(self, e: claripy.ast.FP, n: int, cast_to: type[CastType], **kwargs) -> list[CastType]: ...
+
+    def eval_atleast(self, e, n, cast_to=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Evaluate an expression to get at least `n` possible solutions. Errors if less than `n` solutions were found.
+
+        :param e: the expression to get a solution for
+        :param n: the inclusive lower limit on the number of solutions
+        :param cast_to: desired type of resulting values
+        :param kwargs: Any additional kwargs will be passed down to `eval_upto`
+        :raise SimUnsatError: if no solution could be found satisfying the given constraints
+        :raise SimValueError: if less than `n` solutions were found to satisfy the given constraints
+        :return: The solutions for `e`
+        """
+        r = self.eval_upto(e, n, cast_to, **kwargs)
+        if len(r) != n:
+            raise SimValueError("Concretized %d values (must be at least %d) in eval_atleast" % (len(r), n))
+        return r
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_exact(self, e: claripy.ast.BV, n: int, cast_to: None = ..., **kwargs) -> list[int]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_exact(self, e: claripy.ast.BV, n: int, cast_to: type[CastType], **kwargs) -> list[CastType]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_exact(self, e: claripy.ast.Bool, n: int, cast_to: None = ..., **kwargs) -> list[bool]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_exact(self, e: claripy.ast.Bool, n: int, cast_to: type[CastType], **kwargs) -> list[CastType]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_exact(self, e: claripy.ast.FP, n: int, cast_to: None = ..., **kwargs) -> list[float]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def eval_exact(self, e: claripy.ast.FP, n: int, cast_to: type[CastType], **kwargs) -> list[CastType]: ...
+
+    def eval_exact(self, e, n, cast_to=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Evaluate an expression to get exactly the `n` possible solutions. Errors if any number of solutions other
+        than `n` was found to exist.
+
+        :param e: the expression to get a solution for
+        :param n: the inclusive lower limit on the number of solutions
+        :param cast_to: desired type of resulting values
+        :param kwargs: Any additional kwargs will be passed down to `eval_upto`
+        :raise SimUnsatError: if no solution could be found satisfying the given constraints
+        :raise SimValueError: if any number of solutions other than `n` were found to satisfy the given constraints
+        :return: The solutions for `e`
+        """
+        r = self.eval_upto(e, n + 1, cast_to, **kwargs)
+        if len(r) != n:
+            raise SimValueError("Concretized %d values (must be exactly %d) in eval_exact" % (len(r), n))
+        return r
+
+    min_int = min
+    max_int = max
+
+    #
+    # Other methods
+    #
+
+    @timed_function
+    @ast_stripping_decorator
+    def unique(self, e, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Returns True if the expression `e` has only one solution by querying
+        the constraint solver. It does also add that unique solution to the
+        solver's constraints.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(e, claripy.ast.Base):
+            return True
+
+        # if we don't want to do symbolic checks, assume symbolic variables are multivalued
+        if o.SYMBOLIC not in self.state.options and self.symbolic(e):
+            return False
+
+        r = self.eval_upto(e, 2, **kwargs)
+        if len(r) == 1:
+            self.add(e == r[0])
+            return True
+        elif len(r) == 0:
+            raise SimValueError("unsatness during uniqueness check(ness)")
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    def symbolic(self, e):  # pylint:disable=R0201
+        """
+        Returns True if the expression `e` is symbolic.
+        """
+        if isinstance(e, (int, bytes, float, bool)):
+            return False
+        return e.symbolic
+
+    def single_valued(self, e):
+        """
+        Returns True whether `e` is a concrete value or is a value set with
+        only 1 possible value. This differs from `unique` in that this *does*
+        not query the constraint solver.
+        """
+        if self.state.mode == "static":
+            if type(e) in (int, bytes, float, bool):
+                return True
+            else:
+                return e.cardinality <= 1
+
+        else:
+            # All symbolic expressions are not single-valued
+            return not self.symbolic(e)
+
+    def simplify(self, e=None):
+        """
+        Simplifies `e`. If `e` is None, simplifies the constraints of this
+        state.
+        """
+        if e is None:
+            return self._solver.simplify()
+        elif isinstance(e, (int, float, bool)):
+            return e
+        elif isinstance(e, claripy.ast.Base) and e.op in claripy.operations.leaf_operations_concrete:
+            return e
+        elif isinstance(e, SimActionObject) and e.op in claripy.operations.leaf_operations_concrete:
+            return e.ast
+        elif not isinstance(e, (SimActionObject, claripy.ast.Base)):
+            return e
+        else:
+            return self._claripy_simplify(e)
+
+    @timed_function
+    @ast_stripping_decorator
+    @error_converter
+    def _claripy_simplify(self, *args):  # pylint:disable=no-self-use
+        return claripy.simplify(args[0])
+
+    def variables(self, e):  # pylint:disable=no-self-use
+        """
+        Returns the symbolic variables present in the AST of `e`.
+        """
+        return e.variables
+
+
+from angr.sim_state import SimState
+
+SimState.register_default("solver", SimSolver)
+
+from .. import sim_options as o
+from .inspect import BP_AFTER
+from ..errors import SimValueError, SimUnsatError, SimSolverModeError, SimSolverOptionError