aiecs 1.0.1__py3-none-any.whl → 1.7.6__py3-none-any.whl

aiecs/application/knowledge_graph/builder/schema_inference.py

@@ -0,0 +1,462 @@
+"""
+Schema Inference for Structured Data Import
+
+Automatically infers schema mappings from data structure, reducing manual configuration effort.
+"""
+
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Any, Union, Set
+from pathlib import Path
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+import re
+import logging
+import warnings
+
+from aiecs.application.knowledge_graph.builder.schema_mapping import (
+    SchemaMapping,
+    EntityMapping,
+    RelationMapping,
+)
+from aiecs.domain.knowledge_graph.schema.property_schema import PropertyType
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Check for pandas availability
+try:
+    import pandas as pd
+    PANDAS_AVAILABLE = True
+except ImportError:
+    PANDAS_AVAILABLE = False
+
+
+@dataclass
+class InferredSchema:
+    """
+    Result of schema inference
+    
+    Contains inferred entity and relation mappings that can be reviewed and modified.
+    """
+    entity_mappings: List[EntityMapping]
+    relation_mappings: List[RelationMapping]
+    confidence_scores: Dict[str, float]  # Mapping name -> confidence score (0-1)
+    warnings: List[str]
+    
+    def to_schema_mapping(self) -> SchemaMapping:
+        """Convert to SchemaMapping for use in pipeline"""
+        return SchemaMapping(
+            entity_mappings=self.entity_mappings,
+            relation_mappings=self.relation_mappings,
+        )
+
+
+class SchemaInference:
+    """
+    Automatic schema inference from structured data
+    
+    Analyzes data structure and content to automatically generate schema mappings.
+    """
+    
+    # Common ID column patterns
+    ID_PATTERNS = [
+        r'^id$',
+        r'^.*_id$',
+        r'^key$',
+        r'^.*_key$',
+        r'^pk$',
+        r'^.*_pk$',
+    ]
+    
+    # Foreign key patterns (for relation inference)
+    FK_PATTERNS = [
+        r'^(.+)_id$',  # e.g., dept_id -> dept
+        r'^(.+)_key$',  # e.g., dept_key -> dept
+        r'^fk_(.+)$',  # e.g., fk_dept -> dept
+    ]
+    
+    def __init__(self, sample_size: int = 1000):
+        """
+        Initialize schema inference
+        
+        Args:
+            sample_size: Number of rows to sample for inference (default: 1000)
+        """
+        self.sample_size = sample_size
+    
+    def infer_from_dataframe(
+        self,
+        df: 'pd.DataFrame',
+        entity_type_hint: Optional[str] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> InferredSchema:
+        """
+        Infer schema from pandas DataFrame
+        
+        Args:
+            df: DataFrame to analyze
+            entity_type_hint: Optional hint for entity type name
+            metadata: Optional metadata (e.g., SPSS variable labels)
+        
+        Returns:
+            InferredSchema with entity and relation mappings
+        """
+        if not PANDAS_AVAILABLE:
+            raise ImportError("pandas is required for schema inference")
+        
+        warnings = []
+        confidence_scores = {}
+        
+        # Sample data if too large
+        if len(df) > self.sample_size:
+            df_sample = df.sample(n=self.sample_size, random_state=42)
+            warnings.append(f"Sampled {self.sample_size} rows from {len(df)} for inference")
+        else:
+            df_sample = df
+        
+        # Detect ID column
+        id_column = self._detect_id_column(df_sample)
+        if id_column:
+            confidence_scores['id_column'] = 0.9
+        else:
+            warnings.append("No clear ID column detected, will use first column")
+            id_column = df.columns[0] if len(df.columns) > 0 else None
+            confidence_scores['id_column'] = 0.5
+        
+        # Infer property types
+        property_types = self._infer_property_types(df_sample, metadata)
+        
+        # Determine entity type
+        entity_type = entity_type_hint or self._infer_entity_type(df.columns.tolist(), id_column)
+        
+        # Create entity mapping
+        entity_mapping = EntityMapping(
+            source_columns=df.columns.tolist(),
+            entity_type=entity_type,
+            property_mapping={col: col for col in df.columns},
+            id_column=id_column,
+        )
+        
+        # Infer relations from foreign key patterns
+        relation_mappings = self._infer_relations(df_sample, id_column)
+        if relation_mappings:
+            confidence_scores['relations'] = 0.7
+
+        return InferredSchema(
+            entity_mappings=[entity_mapping],
+            relation_mappings=relation_mappings,
+            confidence_scores=confidence_scores,
+            warnings=warnings,
+        )
+
+    def _detect_id_column(self, df: 'pd.DataFrame') -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Detect ID column from DataFrame
+
+        Looks for columns matching ID patterns or columns with unique values.
+
+        Args:
+            df: DataFrame to analyze
+
+        Returns:
+            Name of ID column, or None if not found
+        """
+        # Check for columns matching ID patterns
+        for col in df.columns:
+            col_lower = col.lower()
+            for pattern in self.ID_PATTERNS:
+                if re.match(pattern, col_lower):
+                    return col
+
+        # Check for columns with all unique values
+        for col in df.columns:
+            if df[col].nunique() == len(df):
+                return col
+
+        return None
+
+    def _infer_property_types(
+        self,
+        df: 'pd.DataFrame',
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> Dict[str, PropertyType]:
+        """
+        Infer property types from DataFrame columns
+
+        Args:
+            df: DataFrame to analyze
+            metadata: Optional metadata (e.g., SPSS variable labels)
+
+        Returns:
+            Dictionary mapping column name to PropertyType
+        """
+        property_types = {}
+
+        for col in df.columns:
+            # Get pandas dtype
+            dtype = df[col].dtype
+
+            # Infer PropertyType from pandas dtype
+            if pd.api.types.is_integer_dtype(dtype):
+                property_types[col] = PropertyType.INTEGER
+            elif pd.api.types.is_float_dtype(dtype):
+                property_types[col] = PropertyType.FLOAT
+            elif pd.api.types.is_bool_dtype(dtype):
+                property_types[col] = PropertyType.BOOLEAN
+            elif pd.api.types.is_datetime64_any_dtype(dtype):
+                property_types[col] = PropertyType.DATETIME
+            else:
+                # Default to string, but check if it could be a date
+                if self._could_be_date(df[col]):
+                    property_types[col] = PropertyType.DATETIME
+                else:
+                    property_types[col] = PropertyType.STRING
+
+        return property_types
+
+    def _could_be_date(self, series: 'pd.Series') -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if a string series could be dates
+
+        Args:
+            series: Pandas series to check
+
+        Returns:
+            True if series looks like dates
+        """
+        # Sample a few non-null values
+        sample = series.dropna().head(10)
+        if len(sample) == 0:
+            return False
+
+        # Try to parse as dates
+        # Suppress UserWarning about dateutil fallback - this is expected behavior
+        # when pandas can't infer the date format automatically
+        try:
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter("ignore", UserWarning)
+            pd.to_datetime(sample, errors='raise')
+            return True
+        except (ValueError, TypeError):
+            return False
+
+    def _infer_entity_type(self, columns: List[str], id_column: Optional[str]) -> str:
+        """
+        Infer entity type name from column names
+
+        Args:
+            columns: List of column names
+            id_column: Name of ID column (if detected)
+
+        Returns:
+            Inferred entity type name
+        """
+        # If ID column has a prefix, use that as entity type
+        if id_column:
+            # Try to extract entity type from ID column name
+            for pattern in self.FK_PATTERNS:
+                match = re.match(pattern, id_column.lower())
+                if match:
+                    entity_type = match.group(1)
+                    # Capitalize first letter
+                    return entity_type.capitalize()
+
+        # Default to "Entity"
+        return "Entity"
+
+    def infer_from_csv(
+        self,
+        file_path: Union[str, Path],
+        encoding: str = "utf-8",
+    ) -> InferredSchema:
+        """
+        Infer schema from CSV file
+
+        Args:
+            file_path: Path to CSV file
+            encoding: File encoding
+
+        Returns:
+            InferredSchema with entity and relation mappings
+        """
+        if not PANDAS_AVAILABLE:
+            raise ImportError("pandas is required for CSV schema inference")
+
+        df = pd.read_csv(file_path, encoding=encoding, nrows=self.sample_size)
+        return self.infer_from_dataframe(df)
+
+    def infer_from_spss(
+        self,
+        file_path: Union[str, Path],
+        encoding: str = "utf-8",
+    ) -> InferredSchema:
+        """
+        Infer schema from SPSS file
+
+        Uses SPSS variable labels as property names and value labels for categorical data.
+
+        Args:
+            file_path: Path to SPSS file
+            encoding: File encoding
+
+        Returns:
+            InferredSchema with entity and relation mappings
+        """
+        try:
+            import pyreadstat  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
+        except ImportError:
+            raise ImportError("pyreadstat is required for SPSS schema inference")
+
+        if not PANDAS_AVAILABLE:
+            raise ImportError("pandas is required for SPSS schema inference")
+
+        # Read SPSS file with metadata
+        df, meta = pyreadstat.read_sav(str(file_path), encoding=encoding, row_limit=self.sample_size)
+
+        # Extract metadata
+        metadata = {
+            "column_names": meta.column_names if hasattr(meta, 'column_names') else [],
+            "column_labels": meta.column_labels if hasattr(meta, 'column_labels') else [],
+            "variable_value_labels": meta.variable_value_labels if hasattr(meta, 'variable_value_labels') else {},
+        }
+
+        return self.infer_from_dataframe(df, metadata=metadata)
+
+    def _infer_relations(
+        self,
+        df: 'pd.DataFrame',
+        id_column: Optional[str],
+    ) -> List[RelationMapping]:
+        """
+        Infer relation mappings from foreign key patterns
+
+        Detects columns that look like foreign keys and creates relation mappings.
+
+        Args:
+            df: DataFrame to analyze
+            id_column: Name of ID column (source entity)
+
+        Returns:
+            List of inferred RelationMapping objects
+        """
+        if not id_column:
+            return []
+
+        relation_mappings = []
+
+        # Look for foreign key columns
+        for col in df.columns:
+            if col == id_column:
+                continue
+
+            col_lower = col.lower()
+
+            # Check if column matches FK pattern
+            for pattern in self.FK_PATTERNS:
+                match = re.match(pattern, col_lower)
+                if match:
+                    # Extract target entity type from FK column name
+                    target_entity_type = match.group(1).capitalize()
+
+                    # Infer relation type from column name
+                    # e.g., "dept_id" -> "BELONGS_TO_DEPT" or "HAS_DEPT"
+                    relation_type = self._infer_relation_type(id_column, col, target_entity_type)
+
+                    # Create relation mapping
+                    relation_mapping = RelationMapping(
+                        source_columns=[id_column, col],
+                        relation_type=relation_type,
+                        source_entity_column=id_column,
+                        target_entity_column=col,
+                        property_mapping={},
+                    )
+
+                    relation_mappings.append(relation_mapping)
+                    break
+
+        return relation_mappings
+
+    def _infer_relation_type(
+        self,
+        source_column: str,
+        target_column: str,
+        target_entity_type: str,
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Infer relation type name from column names
+
+        Args:
+            source_column: Source entity column name
+            target_column: Target entity (FK) column name
+            target_entity_type: Inferred target entity type
+
+        Returns:
+            Inferred relation type name (e.g., "BELONGS_TO", "HAS")
+        """
+        # Common relation patterns
+        # e.g., "emp_id" -> "dept_id" = "WORKS_IN" or "BELONGS_TO"
+
+        # Extract base names
+        source_base = source_column.lower().replace('_id', '').replace('_key', '')
+        target_base = target_column.lower().replace('_id', '').replace('_key', '').replace('fk_', '')
+
+        # Common relation verbs based on context
+        if 'dept' in target_base or 'department' in target_base:
+            return "WORKS_IN"
+        elif 'manager' in target_base or 'supervisor' in target_base:
+            return "REPORTS_TO"
+        elif 'company' in target_base or 'organization' in target_base:
+            return "BELONGS_TO"
+        elif 'project' in target_base:
+            return "ASSIGNED_TO"
+        elif 'team' in target_base or 'group' in target_base:
+            return "MEMBER_OF"
+        else:
+            # Generic relation type
+            return f"HAS_{target_entity_type.upper()}"
+
+    def merge_with_partial_schema(
+        self,
+        inferred: InferredSchema,
+        partial_mapping: SchemaMapping,
+    ) -> InferredSchema:
+        """
+        Merge inferred schema with user-provided partial schema
+
+        User-defined mappings take precedence over inferred ones.
+
+        Args:
+            inferred: Inferred schema
+            partial_mapping: User-provided partial schema mapping
+
+        Returns:
+            Merged InferredSchema
+        """
+        # Start with user-defined mappings
+        entity_mappings = list(partial_mapping.entity_mappings)
+        relation_mappings = list(partial_mapping.relation_mappings)
+
+        # Get entity types already defined by user
+        user_entity_types = {em.entity_type for em in partial_mapping.entity_mappings}
+
+        # Add inferred entity mappings that don't conflict
+        for inferred_em in inferred.entity_mappings:
+            if inferred_em.entity_type not in user_entity_types:
+                entity_mappings.append(inferred_em)
+
+        # Get relation types already defined by user
+        user_relation_types = {
+            (rm.source_entity_column, rm.target_entity_column, rm.relation_type)
+            for rm in partial_mapping.relation_mappings
+        }
+
+        # Add inferred relation mappings that don't conflict
+        for inferred_rm in inferred.relation_mappings:
+            key = (inferred_rm.source_entity_column, inferred_rm.target_entity_column, inferred_rm.relation_type)
+            if key not in user_relation_types:
+                relation_mappings.append(inferred_rm)
+
+        return InferredSchema(
+            entity_mappings=entity_mappings,
+            relation_mappings=relation_mappings,
+            confidence_scores=inferred.confidence_scores,
+            warnings=inferred.warnings + ["Merged with user-provided partial schema"],
+        )
+