agno 2.0.1__py3-none-any.whl → 2.3.0__py3-none-any.whl

agno/db/singlestore/singlestore.py

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
 from uuid import uuid4
 
 from agno.db.base import BaseDb, SessionType
+from agno.db.migrations.manager import MigrationManager
+from agno.db.schemas.culture import CulturalKnowledge
 from agno.db.schemas.evals import EvalFilterType, EvalRunRecord, EvalType
 from agno.db.schemas.knowledge import KnowledgeRow
 from agno.db.schemas.memory import UserMemory
@@ -14,21 +16,24 @@ from agno.db.singlestore.utils import (
     bulk_upsert_metrics,
     calculate_date_metrics,
     create_schema,
+    deserialize_cultural_knowledge_from_db,
     fetch_all_sessions_data,
     get_dates_to_calculate_metrics_for,
     is_table_available,
     is_valid_table,
+    serialize_cultural_knowledge_for_db,
 )
 from agno.session import AgentSession, Session, TeamSession, WorkflowSession
 from agno.utils.log import log_debug, log_error, log_info, log_warning
+from agno.utils.string import generate_id
 
 try:
-    from sqlalchemy import Index, UniqueConstraint, and_, func, update
+    from sqlalchemy import Index, UniqueConstraint, and_, func, select, update
     from sqlalchemy.dialects import mysql
     from sqlalchemy.engine import Engine, create_engine
     from sqlalchemy.orm import scoped_session, sessionmaker
     from sqlalchemy.schema import Column, MetaData, Table
-    from sqlalchemy.sql.expression import select, text
+    from sqlalchemy.sql.expression import text
 except ImportError:
     raise ImportError("`sqlalchemy` not installed. Please install it using `pip install sqlalchemy`")
 
@@ -41,10 +46,12 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
         db_schema: Optional[str] = None,
         db_url: Optional[str] = None,
         session_table: Optional[str] = None,
+        culture_table: Optional[str] = None,
         memory_table: Optional[str] = None,
         metrics_table: Optional[str] = None,
         eval_table: Optional[str] = None,
         knowledge_table: Optional[str] = None,
+        versions_table: Optional[str] = None,
     ):
         """
         Interface for interacting with a SingleStore database.
@@ -60,22 +67,31 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
             db_schema (Optional[str]): The database schema to use.
             db_url (Optional[str]): The database URL to connect to.
             session_table (Optional[str]): Name of the table to store Agent, Team and Workflow sessions.
+            culture_table (Optional[str]): Name of the table to store cultural knowledge.
             memory_table (Optional[str]): Name of the table to store memories.
             metrics_table (Optional[str]): Name of the table to store metrics.
             eval_table (Optional[str]): Name of the table to store evaluation runs data.
             knowledge_table (Optional[str]): Name of the table to store knowledge content.
-
+            versions_table (Optional[str]): Name of the table to store schema versions.
         Raises:
             ValueError: If neither db_url nor db_engine is provided.
             ValueError: If none of the tables are provided.
         """
+        if id is None:
+            base_seed = db_url or str(db_engine.url) if db_engine else "singlestore"  # type: ignore
+            schema_suffix = db_schema if db_schema is not None else "ai"
+            seed = f"{base_seed}#{schema_suffix}"
+            id = generate_id(seed)
+
         super().__init__(
             id=id,
             session_table=session_table,
+            culture_table=culture_table,
             memory_table=memory_table,
             metrics_table=metrics_table,
             eval_table=eval_table,
             knowledge_table=knowledge_table,
+            versions_table=versions_table,
         )
 
         _engine: Optional[Engine] = db_engine
@@ -99,6 +115,17 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
         self.Session: scoped_session = scoped_session(sessionmaker(bind=self.db_engine))
 
     # -- DB methods --
+    def table_exists(self, table_name: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if a table with the given name exists in the SingleStore database.
+
+        Args:
+            table_name: Name of the table to check
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the table exists in the database, False otherwise
+        """
+        with self.Session() as sess:
+            return is_table_available(session=sess, table_name=table_name, db_schema=self.db_schema)
 
     def _create_table_structure_only(self, table_name: str, table_type: str, db_schema: Optional[str]) -> Table:
         """
@@ -144,6 +171,25 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
             log_error(f"Could not create table structure for {table_ref}: {e}")
             raise
 
+    def _create_all_tables(self):
+        """Create all tables for the database."""
+        tables_to_create = [
+            (self.session_table_name, "sessions"),
+            (self.memory_table_name, "memories"),
+            (self.metrics_table_name, "metrics"),
+            (self.eval_table_name, "evals"),
+            (self.knowledge_table_name, "knowledge"),
+            (self.versions_table_name, "versions"),
+        ]
+
+        for table_name, table_type in tables_to_create:
+            if table_name != self.versions_table_name:
+                # Also store the schema version for the created table
+                latest_schema_version = MigrationManager(self).latest_schema_version
+                self.upsert_schema_version(table_name=table_name, version=latest_schema_version.public)
+
+            self._create_table(table_name=table_name, table_type=table_type, db_schema=self.db_schema)
+
     def _create_table(self, table_name: str, table_type: str, db_schema: Optional[str]) -> Table:
         """
         Create a table with the appropriate schema based on the table type.
@@ -156,11 +202,11 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
         Returns:
             Table: SQLAlchemy Table object
         """
+        table_ref = f"{db_schema}.{table_name}" if db_schema else table_name
         try:
             table_schema = get_table_schema_definition(table_type)
 
-            table_ref = f"{db_schema}.{table_name}" if db_schema else table_name
-            log_debug(f"Creating table {table_ref} with schema: {table_schema}")
+            log_debug(f"Creating table {table_ref}")
 
             columns: List[Column] = []
             indexes: List[str] = []
@@ -309,8 +355,62 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
             )
             return self.knowledge_table
 
+        if table_type == "culture":
+            self.culture_table = self._get_or_create_table(
+                table_name=self.culture_table_name,
+                table_type="culture",
+                db_schema=self.db_schema,
+                create_table_if_not_found=create_table_if_not_found,
+            )
+            return self.culture_table
+
+        if table_type == "versions":
+            self.versions_table = self._get_or_create_table(
+                table_name=self.versions_table_name,
+                table_type="versions",
+                db_schema=self.db_schema,
+                create_table_if_not_found=create_table_if_not_found,
+            )
+            return self.versions_table
+
         raise ValueError(f"Unknown table type: {table_type}")
 
+    def get_latest_schema_version(self, table_name: str) -> str:
+        """Get the latest version of the database schema."""
+        table = self._get_table(table_type="versions", create_table_if_not_found=True)
+        if table is None:
+            return "2.0.0"
+        with self.Session() as sess:
+            stmt = select(table)
+            # Latest version for the given table
+            stmt = stmt.where(table.c.table_name == table_name)
+            stmt = stmt.order_by(table.c.version.desc()).limit(1)
+            result = sess.execute(stmt).fetchone()
+            if result is None:
+                return "2.0.0"
+            version_dict = dict(result._mapping)
+            return version_dict.get("version") or "2.0.0"
+
+    def upsert_schema_version(self, table_name: str, version: str) -> None:
+        """Upsert the schema version into the database."""
+        table = self._get_table(table_type="versions", create_table_if_not_found=True)
+        if table is None:
+            return
+        current_datetime = datetime.now().isoformat()
+        with self.Session() as sess, sess.begin():
+            stmt = mysql.insert(table).values(
+                table_name=table_name,
+                version=version,
+                created_at=current_datetime,  # Store as ISO format string
+                updated_at=current_datetime,
+            )
+            # Update version if table_name already exists
+            stmt = stmt.on_duplicate_key_update(
+                version=version,
+                updated_at=current_datetime,
+            )
+            sess.execute(stmt)
+
     def _get_or_create_table(
         self,
         table_name: str,
@@ -336,6 +436,12 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
         if not table_is_available:
             if not create_table_if_not_found:
                 return None
+
+            # Also store the schema version for the created table
+            if table_name != self.versions_table_name:
+                latest_schema_version = MigrationManager(self).latest_schema_version
+                self.upsert_schema_version(table_name=table_name, version=latest_schema_version.public)
+
             return self._create_table(table_name=table_name, table_type=table_type, db_schema=db_schema)
 
         if not is_valid_table(
@@ -386,7 +492,7 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Error deleting session: {e}")
-            return False
+            raise e
 
     def delete_sessions(self, session_ids: List[str]) -> None:
         """Delete all given sessions from the database.
@@ -411,6 +517,7 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Error deleting sessions: {e}")
+            raise e
 
     def get_session(
         self,
@@ -424,8 +531,8 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         Args:
             session_id (str): ID of the session to read.
+            session_type (SessionType): Type of session to get.
             user_id (Optional[str]): User ID to filter by. Defaults to None.
-            session_type (Optional[SessionType]): Type of session to read. Defaults to None.
             deserialize (Optional[bool]): Whether to serialize the session. Defaults to True.
 
         Returns:
@@ -446,9 +553,6 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
                 if user_id is not None:
                     stmt = stmt.where(table.c.user_id == user_id)
-                if session_type is not None:
-                    session_type_value = session_type.value if isinstance(session_type, SessionType) else session_type
-                    stmt = stmt.where(table.c.session_type == session_type_value)
                 result = sess.execute(stmt).fetchone()
                 if result is None:
                     return None
@@ -469,7 +573,7 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Exception reading from session table: {e}")
-            return None
+            raise e
 
     def get_sessions(
         self,
@@ -489,7 +593,7 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
         Get all sessions in the given table. Can filter by user_id and entity_id.
 
         Args:
-            session_type (Optional[SessionType]): The type of session to filter by. Defaults to None.
+            session_type (Optional[SessionType]): The type of session to filter by.
             user_id (Optional[str]): The ID of the user to filter by.
             component_id (Optional[str]): The ID of the agent / workflow to filter by.
             session_name (Optional[str]): The name of the session to filter by.
@@ -573,8 +677,8 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
                 raise ValueError(f"Invalid session type: {session_type}")
 
         except Exception as e:
-            log_debug(f"Exception reading from session table: {e}")
-            return []
+            log_error(f"Exception reading from session table: {e}")
+            raise e
 
     def rename_session(
         self, session_id: str, session_type: SessionType, session_name: str, deserialize: Optional[bool] = True
@@ -636,7 +740,7 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Error renaming session: {e}")
-            return None
+            raise e
 
     def upsert_session(self, session: Session, deserialize: Optional[bool] = True) -> Optional[Session]:
         """
@@ -786,14 +890,214 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Error upserting into sessions table: {e}")
-            return None
+            raise e
+
+    def upsert_sessions(
+        self, sessions: List[Session], deserialize: Optional[bool] = True, preserve_updated_at: bool = False
+    ) -> List[Union[Session, Dict[str, Any]]]:
+        """
+        Bulk upsert multiple sessions for improved performance on large datasets.
+
+        Args:
+            sessions (List[Session]): List of sessions to upsert.
+            deserialize (Optional[bool]): Whether to deserialize the sessions. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[Union[Session, Dict[str, Any]]]: List of upserted sessions.
+
+        Raises:
+            Exception: If an error occurs during bulk upsert.
+        """
+        if not sessions:
+            return []
+
+        try:
+            table = self._get_table(table_type="sessions", create_table_if_not_found=True)
+            if table is None:
+                return []
+
+            # Group sessions by type for batch processing
+            agent_sessions = []
+            team_sessions = []
+            workflow_sessions = []
+
+            for session in sessions:
+                if isinstance(session, AgentSession):
+                    agent_sessions.append(session)
+                elif isinstance(session, TeamSession):
+                    team_sessions.append(session)
+                elif isinstance(session, WorkflowSession):
+                    workflow_sessions.append(session)
+
+            results: List[Union[Session, Dict[str, Any]]] = []
+
+            with self.Session() as sess, sess.begin():
+                # Bulk upsert agent sessions
+                if agent_sessions:
+                    agent_data = []
+                    for session in agent_sessions:
+                        session_dict = session.to_dict()
+                        # Use preserved updated_at if flag is set, otherwise use current time
+                        updated_at = session_dict.get("updated_at") if preserve_updated_at else int(time.time())
+                        agent_data.append(
+                            {
+                                "session_id": session_dict.get("session_id"),
+                                "session_type": SessionType.AGENT.value,
+                                "agent_id": session_dict.get("agent_id"),
+                                "user_id": session_dict.get("user_id"),
+                                "runs": session_dict.get("runs"),
+                                "agent_data": session_dict.get("agent_data"),
+                                "session_data": session_dict.get("session_data"),
+                                "summary": session_dict.get("summary"),
+                                "metadata": session_dict.get("metadata"),
+                                "created_at": session_dict.get("created_at"),
+                                "updated_at": updated_at,
+                            }
+                        )
+
+                    if agent_data:
+                        stmt = mysql.insert(table)
+                        stmt = stmt.on_duplicate_key_update(
+                            agent_id=stmt.inserted.agent_id,
+                            user_id=stmt.inserted.user_id,
+                            agent_data=stmt.inserted.agent_data,
+                            session_data=stmt.inserted.session_data,
+                            summary=stmt.inserted.summary,
+                            metadata=stmt.inserted.metadata,
+                            runs=stmt.inserted.runs,
+                            updated_at=stmt.inserted.updated_at,
+                        )
+                        sess.execute(stmt, agent_data)
+
+                        # Fetch the results for agent sessions
+                        agent_ids = [session.session_id for session in agent_sessions]
+                        select_stmt = select(table).where(table.c.session_id.in_(agent_ids))
+                        result = sess.execute(select_stmt).fetchall()
+
+                        for row in result:
+                            if deserialize:
+                                deserialized_session = AgentSession.from_dict(session_dict)
+                                if deserialized_session is None:
+                                    continue
+                                results.append(deserialized_session)
+                            else:
+                                results.append(dict(row._mapping))
+
+                # Bulk upsert team sessions
+                if team_sessions:
+                    team_data = []
+                    for session in team_sessions:
+                        session_dict = session.to_dict()
+                        # Use preserved updated_at if flag is set, otherwise use current time
+                        updated_at = session_dict.get("updated_at") if preserve_updated_at else int(time.time())
+                        team_data.append(
+                            {
+                                "session_id": session_dict.get("session_id"),
+                                "session_type": SessionType.TEAM.value,
+                                "team_id": session_dict.get("team_id"),
+                                "user_id": session_dict.get("user_id"),
+                                "runs": session_dict.get("runs"),
+                                "team_data": session_dict.get("team_data"),
+                                "session_data": session_dict.get("session_data"),
+                                "summary": session_dict.get("summary"),
+                                "metadata": session_dict.get("metadata"),
+                                "created_at": session_dict.get("created_at"),
+                                "updated_at": updated_at,
+                            }
+                        )
+
+                    if team_data:
+                        stmt = mysql.insert(table)
+                        stmt = stmt.on_duplicate_key_update(
+                            team_id=stmt.inserted.team_id,
+                            user_id=stmt.inserted.user_id,
+                            team_data=stmt.inserted.team_data,
+                            session_data=stmt.inserted.session_data,
+                            summary=stmt.inserted.summary,
+                            metadata=stmt.inserted.metadata,
+                            runs=stmt.inserted.runs,
+                            updated_at=stmt.inserted.updated_at,
+                        )
+                        sess.execute(stmt, team_data)
+
+                        # Fetch the results for team sessions
+                        team_ids = [session.session_id for session in team_sessions]
+                        select_stmt = select(table).where(table.c.session_id.in_(team_ids))
+                        result = sess.execute(select_stmt).fetchall()
+
+                        for row in result:
+                            if deserialize:
+                                deserialized_team_session = TeamSession.from_dict(session_dict)
+                                if deserialized_team_session is None:
+                                    continue
+                                results.append(deserialized_team_session)
+                            else:
+                                results.append(dict(row._mapping))
+
+                # Bulk upsert workflow sessions
+                if workflow_sessions:
+                    workflow_data = []
+                    for session in workflow_sessions:
+                        session_dict = session.to_dict()
+                        # Use preserved updated_at if flag is set, otherwise use current time
+                        updated_at = session_dict.get("updated_at") if preserve_updated_at else int(time.time())
+                        workflow_data.append(
+                            {
+                                "session_id": session_dict.get("session_id"),
+                                "session_type": SessionType.WORKFLOW.value,
+                                "workflow_id": session_dict.get("workflow_id"),
+                                "user_id": session_dict.get("user_id"),
+                                "runs": session_dict.get("runs"),
+                                "workflow_data": session_dict.get("workflow_data"),
+                                "session_data": session_dict.get("session_data"),
+                                "summary": session_dict.get("summary"),
+                                "metadata": session_dict.get("metadata"),
+                                "created_at": session_dict.get("created_at"),
+                                "updated_at": updated_at,
+                            }
+                        )
+
+                    if workflow_data:
+                        stmt = mysql.insert(table)
+                        stmt = stmt.on_duplicate_key_update(
+                            workflow_id=stmt.inserted.workflow_id,
+                            user_id=stmt.inserted.user_id,
+                            workflow_data=stmt.inserted.workflow_data,
+                            session_data=stmt.inserted.session_data,
+                            summary=stmt.inserted.summary,
+                            metadata=stmt.inserted.metadata,
+                            runs=stmt.inserted.runs,
+                            updated_at=stmt.inserted.updated_at,
+                        )
+                        sess.execute(stmt, workflow_data)
+
+                        # Fetch the results for workflow sessions
+                        workflow_ids = [session.session_id for session in workflow_sessions]
+                        select_stmt = select(table).where(table.c.session_id.in_(workflow_ids))
+                        result = sess.execute(select_stmt).fetchall()
+
+                        for row in result:
+                            if deserialize:
+                                deserialized_workflow_session = WorkflowSession.from_dict(session_dict)
+                                if deserialized_workflow_session is None:
+                                    continue
+                                results.append(deserialized_workflow_session)
+                            else:
+                                results.append(dict(row._mapping))
+
+            return results
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_error(f"Exception during bulk session upsert: {e}")
+            return []
 
     # -- Memory methods --
-    def delete_user_memory(self, memory_id: str):
+    def delete_user_memory(self, memory_id: str, user_id: Optional[str] = None):
         """Delete a user memory from the database.
 
         Args:
             memory_id (str): The ID of the memory to delete.
+            user_id (Optional[str]): The ID of the user to filter by. Defaults to None.
 
         Returns:
             bool: True if deletion was successful, False otherwise.
@@ -808,6 +1112,8 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
             with self.Session() as sess, sess.begin():
                 delete_stmt = table.delete().where(table.c.memory_id == memory_id)
+                if user_id is not None:
+                    delete_stmt = delete_stmt.where(table.c.user_id == user_id)
                 result = sess.execute(delete_stmt)
 
                 success = result.rowcount > 0
@@ -818,12 +1124,14 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Error deleting memory: {e}")
+            raise e
 
-    def delete_user_memories(self, memory_ids: List[str]) -> None:
+    def delete_user_memories(self, memory_ids: List[str], user_id: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """Delete user memories from the database.
 
         Args:
             memory_ids (List[str]): The IDs of the memories to delete.
+            user_id (Optional[str]): The ID of the user to filter by. Defaults to None.
 
         Raises:
             Exception: If an error occurs during deletion.
@@ -835,12 +1143,15 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
             with self.Session() as sess, sess.begin():
                 delete_stmt = table.delete().where(table.c.memory_id.in_(memory_ids))
+                if user_id is not None:
+                    delete_stmt = delete_stmt.where(table.c.user_id == user_id)
                 result = sess.execute(delete_stmt)
                 if result.rowcount == 0:
                     log_debug(f"No memories found with ids: {memory_ids}")
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Error deleting memories: {e}")
+            raise e
 
     def get_all_memory_topics(self) -> List[str]:
         """Get all memory topics from the database.
@@ -868,14 +1179,17 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Exception reading from memory table: {e}")
-            return []
+            raise e
 
-    def get_user_memory(self, memory_id: str, deserialize: Optional[bool] = True) -> Optional[UserMemory]:
+    def get_user_memory(
+        self, memory_id: str, deserialize: Optional[bool] = True, user_id: Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> Optional[UserMemory]:
         """Get a memory from the database.
 
         Args:
             memory_id (str): The ID of the memory to get.
             deserialize (Optional[bool]): Whether to serialize the memory. Defaults to True.
+            user_id (Optional[str]): The ID of the user to filter by. Defaults to None.
 
         Returns:
             Union[UserMemory, Dict[str, Any], None]:
@@ -892,6 +1206,8 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
             with self.Session() as sess, sess.begin():
                 stmt = select(table).where(table.c.memory_id == memory_id)
+                if user_id is not None:
+                    stmt = stmt.where(table.c.user_id == user_id)
 
                 result = sess.execute(stmt).fetchone()
                 if not result:
@@ -904,7 +1220,7 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Exception reading from memory table: {e}")
-            return None
+            raise e
 
     def get_user_memories(
         self,
@@ -988,7 +1304,7 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Exception reading from memory table: {e}")
-            return []
+            raise e
 
     def get_user_memory_stats(
         self, limit: Optional[int] = None, page: Optional[int] = None
@@ -1055,7 +1371,7 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Exception getting user memory stats: {e}")
-            return [], 0
+            raise e
 
     def upsert_user_memory(
         self, memory: UserMemory, deserialize: Optional[bool] = True
@@ -1083,6 +1399,8 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
                 if memory.memory_id is None:
                     memory.memory_id = str(uuid4())
 
+                current_time = int(time.time())
+
                 stmt = mysql.insert(table).values(
                     memory_id=memory.memory_id,
                     memory=memory.memory,
@@ -1091,7 +1409,9 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
                     agent_id=memory.agent_id,
                     team_id=memory.team_id,
                     topics=memory.topics,
-                    updated_at=int(time.time()),
+                    feedback=memory.feedback,
+                    created_at=memory.created_at,
+                    updated_at=current_time,
                 )
                 stmt = stmt.on_duplicate_key_update(
                     memory=stmt.inserted.memory,
@@ -1100,7 +1420,10 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
                     user_id=stmt.inserted.user_id,
                     agent_id=stmt.inserted.agent_id,
                     team_id=stmt.inserted.team_id,
-                    updated_at=int(time.time()),
+                    feedback=stmt.inserted.feedback,
+                    updated_at=stmt.inserted.updated_at,
+                    # Preserve created_at on update - don't overwrite existing value
+                    created_at=table.c.created_at,
                 )
 
                 sess.execute(stmt)
@@ -1119,7 +1442,93 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Error upserting user memory: {e}")
-            return None
+            raise e
+
+    def upsert_memories(
+        self, memories: List[UserMemory], deserialize: Optional[bool] = True, preserve_updated_at: bool = False
+    ) -> List[Union[UserMemory, Dict[str, Any]]]:
+        """
+        Bulk upsert multiple user memories for improved performance on large datasets.
+
+        Args:
+            memories (List[UserMemory]): List of memories to upsert.
+            deserialize (Optional[bool]): Whether to deserialize the memories. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[Union[UserMemory, Dict[str, Any]]]: List of upserted memories.
+
+        Raises:
+            Exception: If an error occurs during bulk upsert.
+        """
+        if not memories:
+            return []
+
+        try:
+            table = self._get_table(table_type="memories", create_table_if_not_found=True)
+            if table is None:
+                return []
+
+            # Prepare data for bulk insert
+            memory_data = []
+            current_time = int(time.time())
+
+            for memory in memories:
+                if memory.memory_id is None:
+                    memory.memory_id = str(uuid4())
+                # Use preserved updated_at if flag is set, otherwise use current time
+                updated_at = memory.updated_at if preserve_updated_at else current_time
+
+                memory_data.append(
+                    {
+                        "memory_id": memory.memory_id,
+                        "memory": memory.memory,
+                        "input": memory.input,
+                        "user_id": memory.user_id,
+                        "agent_id": memory.agent_id,
+                        "team_id": memory.team_id,
+                        "topics": memory.topics,
+                        "feedback": memory.feedback,
+                        "created_at": memory.created_at,
+                        "updated_at": updated_at,
+                    }
+                )
+
+            results: List[Union[UserMemory, Dict[str, Any]]] = []
+
+            with self.Session() as sess, sess.begin():
+                if memory_data:
+                    stmt = mysql.insert(table)
+                    stmt = stmt.on_duplicate_key_update(
+                        memory=stmt.inserted.memory,
+                        topics=stmt.inserted.topics,
+                        input=stmt.inserted.input,
+                        user_id=stmt.inserted.user_id,
+                        agent_id=stmt.inserted.agent_id,
+                        team_id=stmt.inserted.team_id,
+                        feedback=stmt.inserted.feedback,
+                        updated_at=stmt.inserted.updated_at,
+                        # Preserve created_at on update
+                        created_at=table.c.created_at,
+                    )
+                    sess.execute(stmt, memory_data)
+
+                    # Fetch the results
+                    memory_ids = [memory.memory_id for memory in memories if memory.memory_id]
+                    select_stmt = select(table).where(table.c.memory_id.in_(memory_ids))
+                    result = sess.execute(select_stmt).fetchall()
+
+                    for row in result:
+                        memory_raw = dict(row._mapping)
+                        if deserialize:
+                            results.append(UserMemory.from_dict(memory_raw))
+                        else:
+                            results.append(memory_raw)
+
+            return results
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_error(f"Exception during bulk memory upsert: {e}")
+            return []
 
     def clear_memories(self) -> None:
         """Delete all memories from the database.
@@ -1136,7 +1545,8 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
                 sess.execute(table.delete())
 
         except Exception as e:
-            log_warning(f"Exception deleting all memories: {e}")
+            log_error(f"Exception deleting all memories: {e}")
+            raise e
 
     # -- Metrics methods --
     def _get_all_sessions_for_metrics_calculation(
@@ -1278,7 +1688,7 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
             return metrics_records
 
         except Exception as e:
-            log_error(f"Error refreshing metrics: {e}")
+            log_error(f"Error calculating metrics: {e}")
             raise e
 
     def get_metrics(
@@ -1321,7 +1731,7 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Error getting metrics: {e}")
-            return [], None
+            raise e
 
     # -- Knowledge methods --
 
@@ -1331,15 +1741,19 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
         Args:
             id (str): The ID of the knowledge row to delete.
         """
-        table = self._get_table(table_type="knowledge")
-        if table is None:
-            return
+        try:
+            table = self._get_table(table_type="knowledge")
+            if table is None:
+                return
 
-        with self.Session() as sess, sess.begin():
-            stmt = table.delete().where(table.c.id == id)
-            sess.execute(stmt)
+            with self.Session() as sess, sess.begin():
+                stmt = table.delete().where(table.c.id == id)
+                sess.execute(stmt)
 
-        log_debug(f"Deleted knowledge content with id '{id}'")
+            log_debug(f"Deleted knowledge content with id '{id}'")
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_error(f"Error deleting knowledge content: {e}")
+            raise e
 
     def get_knowledge_content(self, id: str) -> Optional[KnowledgeRow]:
         """Get a knowledge row from the database.
@@ -1350,16 +1764,20 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
         Returns:
             Optional[KnowledgeRow]: The knowledge row, or None if it doesn't exist.
         """
-        table = self._get_table(table_type="knowledge")
-        if table is None:
-            return None
-
-        with self.Session() as sess, sess.begin():
-            stmt = select(table).where(table.c.id == id)
-            result = sess.execute(stmt).fetchone()
-            if result is None:
+        try:
+            table = self._get_table(table_type="knowledge")
+            if table is None:
                 return None
-            return KnowledgeRow.model_validate(result._mapping)
+
+            with self.Session() as sess, sess.begin():
+                stmt = select(table).where(table.c.id == id)
+                result = sess.execute(stmt).fetchone()
+                if result is None:
+                    return None
+                return KnowledgeRow.model_validate(result._mapping)
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_error(f"Error getting knowledge content: {e}")
+            raise e
 
     def get_knowledge_contents(
         self,
@@ -1412,7 +1830,7 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Error getting knowledge contents: {e}")
-            return [], 0
+            raise e
 
     def upsert_knowledge_content(self, knowledge_row: KnowledgeRow):
         """Upsert knowledge content in the database.
@@ -1457,7 +1875,7 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Error upserting knowledge row: {e}")
-            return None
+            raise e
 
     # -- Eval methods --
 
@@ -1491,7 +1909,7 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Error creating eval run: {e}")
-            return None
+            raise e
 
     def delete_eval_run(self, eval_run_id: str) -> None:
         """Delete an eval run from the database.
@@ -1514,7 +1932,7 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Error deleting eval run {eval_run_id}: {e}")
-            raise
+            raise e
 
     def delete_eval_runs(self, eval_run_ids: List[str]) -> None:
         """Delete multiple eval runs from the database.
@@ -1537,7 +1955,7 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Error deleting eval runs {eval_run_ids}: {e}")
-            raise
+            raise e
 
     def get_eval_run(
         self, eval_run_id: str, deserialize: Optional[bool] = True
@@ -1575,7 +1993,7 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Exception getting eval run {eval_run_id}: {e}")
-            return None
+            raise e
 
     def get_eval_runs(
         self,
@@ -1670,7 +2088,7 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Exception getting eval runs: {e}")
-            return [] if deserialize else ([], 0)
+            raise e
 
     def rename_eval_run(
         self, eval_run_id: str, name: str, deserialize: Optional[bool] = True
@@ -1709,4 +2127,220 @@ class SingleStoreDb(BaseDb):
 
         except Exception as e:
             log_error(f"Error renaming eval run {eval_run_id}: {e}")
-            raise
+            raise e
+
+    # -- Culture methods --
+
+    def clear_cultural_knowledge(self) -> None:
+        """Delete all cultural knowledge from the database.
+
+        Raises:
+            Exception: If an error occurs during deletion.
+        """
+        try:
+            table = self._get_table(table_type="culture")
+            if table is None:
+                return
+
+            with self.Session() as sess, sess.begin():
+                sess.execute(table.delete())
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_warning(f"Exception deleting all cultural knowledge: {e}")
+            raise e
+
+    def delete_cultural_knowledge(self, id: str) -> None:
+        """Delete a cultural knowledge entry from the database.
+
+        Args:
+            id (str): The ID of the cultural knowledge to delete.
+
+        Raises:
+            Exception: If an error occurs during deletion.
+        """
+        try:
+            table = self._get_table(table_type="culture")
+            if table is None:
+                return
+
+            with self.Session() as sess, sess.begin():
+                delete_stmt = table.delete().where(table.c.id == id)
+                result = sess.execute(delete_stmt)
+
+                success = result.rowcount > 0
+                if success:
+                    log_debug(f"Successfully deleted cultural knowledge id: {id}")
+                else:
+                    log_debug(f"No cultural knowledge found with id: {id}")
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_error(f"Error deleting cultural knowledge: {e}")
+            raise e
+
+    def get_cultural_knowledge(
+        self, id: str, deserialize: Optional[bool] = True
+    ) -> Optional[Union[CulturalKnowledge, Dict[str, Any]]]:
+        """Get a cultural knowledge entry from the database.
+
+        Args:
+            id (str): The ID of the cultural knowledge to get.
+            deserialize (Optional[bool]): Whether to deserialize the cultural knowledge. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[Union[CulturalKnowledge, Dict[str, Any]]]: The cultural knowledge entry, or None if it doesn't exist.
+
+        Raises:
+            Exception: If an error occurs during retrieval.
+        """
+        try:
+            table = self._get_table(table_type="culture")
+            if table is None:
+                return None
+
+            with self.Session() as sess, sess.begin():
+                stmt = select(table).where(table.c.id == id)
+                result = sess.execute(stmt).fetchone()
+                if result is None:
+                    return None
+
+                db_row = dict(result._mapping)
+                if not db_row or not deserialize:
+                    return db_row
+
+            return deserialize_cultural_knowledge_from_db(db_row)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_error(f"Exception reading from cultural knowledge table: {e}")
+            raise e
+
+    def get_all_cultural_knowledge(
+        self,
+        name: Optional[str] = None,
+        agent_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        team_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        limit: Optional[int] = None,
+        page: Optional[int] = None,
+        sort_by: Optional[str] = None,
+        sort_order: Optional[str] = None,
+        deserialize: Optional[bool] = True,
+    ) -> Union[List[CulturalKnowledge], Tuple[List[Dict[str, Any]], int]]:
+        """Get all cultural knowledge from the database as CulturalKnowledge objects.
+
+        Args:
+            name (Optional[str]): The name of the cultural knowledge to filter by.
+            agent_id (Optional[str]): The ID of the agent to filter by.
+            team_id (Optional[str]): The ID of the team to filter by.
+            limit (Optional[int]): The maximum number of cultural knowledge entries to return.
+            page (Optional[int]): The page number.
+            sort_by (Optional[str]): The column to sort by.
+            sort_order (Optional[str]): The order to sort by.
+            deserialize (Optional[bool]): Whether to deserialize the cultural knowledge. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            Union[List[CulturalKnowledge], Tuple[List[Dict[str, Any]], int]]:
+                - When deserialize=True: List of CulturalKnowledge objects
+                - When deserialize=False: List of CulturalKnowledge dictionaries and total count
+
+        Raises:
+            Exception: If an error occurs during retrieval.
+        """
+        try:
+            table = self._get_table(table_type="culture")
+            if table is None:
+                return [] if deserialize else ([], 0)
+
+            with self.Session() as sess, sess.begin():
+                stmt = select(table)
+
+                # Filtering
+                if name is not None:
+                    stmt = stmt.where(table.c.name == name)
+                if agent_id is not None:
+                    stmt = stmt.where(table.c.agent_id == agent_id)
+                if team_id is not None:
+                    stmt = stmt.where(table.c.team_id == team_id)
+
+                # Get total count after applying filtering
+                count_stmt = select(func.count()).select_from(stmt.alias())
+                total_count = sess.execute(count_stmt).scalar()
+
+                # Sorting
+                stmt = apply_sorting(stmt, table, sort_by, sort_order)
+                # Paginating
+                if limit is not None:
+                    stmt = stmt.limit(limit)
+                    if page is not None:
+                        stmt = stmt.offset((page - 1) * limit)
+
+                result = sess.execute(stmt).fetchall()
+                if not result:
+                    return [] if deserialize else ([], 0)
+
+                db_rows = [dict(record._mapping) for record in result]
+
+                if not deserialize:
+                    return db_rows, total_count
+
+            return [deserialize_cultural_knowledge_from_db(row) for row in db_rows]
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_error(f"Error reading from cultural knowledge table: {e}")
+            raise e
+
+    def upsert_cultural_knowledge(
+        self, cultural_knowledge: CulturalKnowledge, deserialize: Optional[bool] = True
+    ) -> Optional[Union[CulturalKnowledge, Dict[str, Any]]]:
+        """Upsert a cultural knowledge entry into the database.
+
+        Args:
+            cultural_knowledge (CulturalKnowledge): The cultural knowledge to upsert.
+            deserialize (Optional[bool]): Whether to deserialize the cultural knowledge. Defaults to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[CulturalKnowledge]: The upserted cultural knowledge entry.
+
+        Raises:
+            Exception: If an error occurs during upsert.
+        """
+        try:
+            table = self._get_table(table_type="culture", create_table_if_not_found=True)
+            if table is None:
+                return None
+
+            if cultural_knowledge.id is None:
+                cultural_knowledge.id = str(uuid4())
+
+            # Serialize content, categories, and notes into a JSON dict for DB storage
+            content_dict = serialize_cultural_knowledge_for_db(cultural_knowledge)
+
+            with self.Session() as sess, sess.begin():
+                stmt = mysql.insert(table).values(
+                    id=cultural_knowledge.id,
+                    name=cultural_knowledge.name,
+                    summary=cultural_knowledge.summary,
+                    content=content_dict if content_dict else None,
+                    metadata=cultural_knowledge.metadata,
+                    input=cultural_knowledge.input,
+                    created_at=cultural_knowledge.created_at,
+                    updated_at=int(time.time()),
+                    agent_id=cultural_knowledge.agent_id,
+                    team_id=cultural_knowledge.team_id,
+                )
+                stmt = stmt.on_duplicate_key_update(
+                    name=cultural_knowledge.name,
+                    summary=cultural_knowledge.summary,
+                    content=content_dict if content_dict else None,
+                    metadata=cultural_knowledge.metadata,
+                    input=cultural_knowledge.input,
+                    updated_at=int(time.time()),
+                    agent_id=cultural_knowledge.agent_id,
+                    team_id=cultural_knowledge.team_id,
+                )
+                sess.execute(stmt)
+
+            # Fetch the inserted/updated row
+            return self.get_cultural_knowledge(id=cultural_knowledge.id, deserialize=deserialize)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            log_error(f"Error upserting cultural knowledge: {e}")
+            raise e