SQLAlchemy 2.1.0__cp315-cp315-win_arm64.whl

sqlalchemy/engine/interfaces.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3647 @@
+# engine/interfaces.py
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2026 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
+# <see AUTHORS file>
+#
+# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
+# the MIT License: https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
+
+"""Define core interfaces used by the engine system."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Any
+from typing import Awaitable
+from typing import Callable
+from typing import ClassVar
+from typing import Collection
+from typing import Dict
+from typing import Iterable
+from typing import Iterator
+from typing import List
+from typing import Literal
+from typing import Mapping
+from typing import MutableMapping
+from typing import Optional
+from typing import Protocol
+from typing import Sequence
+from typing import Set
+from typing import Tuple
+from typing import Type
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TypedDict
+from typing import TypeVar
+from typing import Union
+
+from .. import util
+from ..event import EventTarget
+from ..pool import Pool
+from ..pool import PoolProxiedConnection as PoolProxiedConnection
+from ..sql.compiler import Compiled as Compiled
+from ..sql.compiler import Compiled  # noqa
+from ..sql.compiler import TypeCompiler as TypeCompiler
+from ..sql.compiler import TypeCompiler  # noqa
+from ..util import immutabledict
+from ..util.concurrency import await_
+from ..util.typing import NotRequired
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .base import Connection
+    from .base import Engine
+    from .cursor import CursorResult
+    from .url import URL
+    from ..connectors.asyncio import AsyncIODBAPIConnection
+    from ..event import _ListenerFnType
+    from ..event import dispatcher
+    from ..exc import StatementError
+    from ..sql import Executable
+    from ..sql.compiler import _InsertManyValuesBatch
+    from ..sql.compiler import AggregateOrderByStyle
+    from ..sql.compiler import DDLCompiler
+    from ..sql.compiler import IdentifierPreparer
+    from ..sql.compiler import InsertmanyvaluesSentinelOpts
+    from ..sql.compiler import Linting
+    from ..sql.compiler import SQLCompiler
+    from ..sql.elements import BindParameter
+    from ..sql.elements import ClauseElement
+    from ..sql.schema import Column
+    from ..sql.schema import DefaultGenerator
+    from ..sql.schema import SchemaItem
+    from ..sql.schema import Sequence as Sequence_SchemaItem
+    from ..sql.sqltypes import _JSON_VALUE
+    from ..sql.sqltypes import Integer
+    from ..sql.type_api import _TypeMemoDict
+    from ..sql.type_api import TypeEngine
+    from ..util.langhelpers import generic_fn_descriptor
+
+ConnectArgsType = Tuple[Sequence[str], MutableMapping[str, Any]]
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T", bound="Any")
+
+
+class CacheStats(Enum):
+    CACHE_HIT = 0
+    CACHE_MISS = 1
+    CACHING_DISABLED = 2
+    NO_CACHE_KEY = 3
+    NO_DIALECT_SUPPORT = 4
+
+
+class ExecuteStyle(Enum):
+    """indicates the :term:`DBAPI` cursor method that will be used to invoke
+    a statement."""
+
+    EXECUTE = 0
+    """indicates cursor.execute() will be used"""
+
+    EXECUTEMANY = 1
+    """indicates cursor.executemany() will be used."""
+
+    INSERTMANYVALUES = 2
+    """indicates cursor.execute() will be used with an INSERT where the
+    VALUES expression will be expanded to accommodate for multiple
+    parameter sets
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+        :ref:`engine_insertmanyvalues`
+
+    """
+
+
+class DBAPIModule(Protocol):
+    class Error(Exception):
+        def __getattr__(self, key: str) -> Any: ...
+
+    class OperationalError(Error):
+        pass
+
+    class InterfaceError(Error):
+        pass
+
+    class IntegrityError(Error):
+        pass
+
+    def __getattr__(self, key: str) -> Any: ...
+
+
+class DBAPIConnection(Protocol):
+    """protocol representing a :pep:`249` database connection.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+        `Connection Objects <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/#connection-objects>`_
+        - in :pep:`249`
+
+    """  # noqa: E501
+
+    def close(self) -> None: ...
+
+    def commit(self) -> None: ...
+
+    def cursor(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> DBAPICursor: ...
+
+    def rollback(self) -> None: ...
+
+    def __getattr__(self, key: str) -> Any: ...
+
+    def __setattr__(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None: ...
+
+
+class DBAPIType(Protocol):
+    """protocol representing a :pep:`249` database type.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+        `Type Objects <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/#type-objects>`_
+        - in :pep:`249`
+
+    """  # noqa: E501
+
+
+class DBAPICursor(Protocol):
+    """protocol representing a :pep:`249` database cursor.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+        `Cursor Objects <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/#cursor-objects>`_
+        - in :pep:`249`
+
+    """  # noqa: E501
+
+    @property
+    def description(
+        self,
+    ) -> _DBAPICursorDescription:
+        """The description attribute of the Cursor.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+            `cursor.description <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/#description>`_
+            - in :pep:`249`
+
+
+        """  # noqa: E501
+        ...
+
+    @property
+    def rowcount(self) -> int: ...
+
+    arraysize: int
+
+    lastrowid: int
+
+    def close(self) -> None: ...
+
+    def execute(
+        self,
+        operation: Any,
+        parameters: Optional[_DBAPISingleExecuteParams] = None,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+    def executemany(
+        self,
+        operation: Any,
+        parameters: _DBAPIMultiExecuteParams,
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+    def fetchone(self) -> Optional[Any]: ...
+
+    def fetchmany(self, size: int = ...) -> Sequence[Any]: ...
+
+    def fetchall(self) -> Sequence[Any]: ...
+
+    def setinputsizes(self, sizes: Sequence[Any]) -> None: ...
+
+    def setoutputsize(self, size: Any, column: Any) -> None: ...
+
+    def callproc(
+        self, procname: str, parameters: Sequence[Any] = ...
+    ) -> Any: ...
+
+    def nextset(self) -> Optional[bool]: ...
+
+    def __getattr__(self, key: str) -> Any: ...
+
+
+_CoreSingleExecuteParams = Mapping[str, Any]
+_MutableCoreSingleExecuteParams = MutableMapping[str, Any]
+_CoreMultiExecuteParams = Sequence[_CoreSingleExecuteParams]
+_CoreAnyExecuteParams = Union[
+    _CoreMultiExecuteParams, _CoreSingleExecuteParams
+]
+
+_DBAPISingleExecuteParams = Union[Sequence[Any], _CoreSingleExecuteParams]
+
+_DBAPIMultiExecuteParams = Union[
+    Sequence[Sequence[Any]], _CoreMultiExecuteParams
+]
+_DBAPIAnyExecuteParams = Union[
+    _DBAPIMultiExecuteParams, _DBAPISingleExecuteParams
+]
+_DBAPICursorDescription = Sequence[
+    Tuple[
+        str,
+        "DBAPIType",
+        Optional[int],
+        Optional[int],
+        Optional[int],
+        Optional[int],
+        Optional[bool],
+    ]
+]
+
+_AnySingleExecuteParams = _DBAPISingleExecuteParams
+_AnyMultiExecuteParams = _DBAPIMultiExecuteParams
+_AnyExecuteParams = _DBAPIAnyExecuteParams
+
+CompiledCacheType = MutableMapping[Any, "Compiled"]
+SchemaTranslateMapType = Mapping[Optional[str], Optional[str]]
+
+_ImmutableExecuteOptions = immutabledict[str, Any]
+
+_ParamStyle = Literal[
+    "qmark", "numeric", "named", "format", "pyformat", "numeric_dollar"
+]
+
+_GenericSetInputSizesType = List[Tuple[str, Any, "TypeEngine[Any]"]]
+
+IsolationLevel = Literal[
+    "SERIALIZABLE",
+    "REPEATABLE READ",
+    "READ COMMITTED",
+    "READ UNCOMMITTED",
+    "AUTOCOMMIT",
+]
+
+
+class _CoreKnownExecutionOptions(TypedDict, total=False):
+    compiled_cache: Optional[CompiledCacheType]
+    logging_token: str
+    isolation_level: IsolationLevel
+    no_parameters: bool
+    stream_results: bool
+    max_row_buffer: int
+    yield_per: int
+    insertmanyvalues_page_size: int
+    schema_translate_map: Optional[SchemaTranslateMapType]
+    preserve_rowcount: bool
+    driver_column_names: bool
+
+
+_ExecuteOptions = immutabledict[str, Any]
+CoreExecuteOptionsParameter = Union[
+    _CoreKnownExecutionOptions, Mapping[str, Any]
+]
+
+
+class ReflectedIdentity(TypedDict):
+    """represent the reflected IDENTITY structure of a column, corresponding
+    to the :class:`_schema.Identity` construct.
+
+    The :class:`.ReflectedIdentity` structure is part of the
+    :class:`.ReflectedColumn` structure, which is returned by the
+    :meth:`.Inspector.get_columns` method.
+
+    """
+
+    always: bool
+    """type of identity column"""
+
+    on_null: bool
+    """indicates ON NULL"""
+
+    start: int
+    """starting index of the sequence"""
+
+    increment: int
+    """increment value of the sequence"""
+
+    minvalue: int
+    """the minimum value of the sequence."""
+
+    maxvalue: int
+    """the maximum value of the sequence."""
+
+    nominvalue: bool
+    """no minimum value of the sequence."""
+
+    nomaxvalue: bool
+    """no maximum value of the sequence."""
+
+    cycle: bool
+    """allows the sequence to wrap around when the maxvalue
+    or minvalue has been reached."""
+
+    cache: Optional[int]
+    """number of future values in the
+    sequence which are calculated in advance."""
+
+    order: bool
+    """if true, renders the ORDER keyword."""
+
+
+class ReflectedComputed(TypedDict):
+    """Represent the reflected elements of a computed column, corresponding
+    to the :class:`_schema.Computed` construct.
+
+    The :class:`.ReflectedComputed` structure is part of the
+    :class:`.ReflectedColumn` structure, which is returned by the
+    :meth:`.Inspector.get_columns` method.
+
+    """
+
+    sqltext: str
+    """the expression used to generate this column returned
+    as a string SQL expression"""
+
+    persisted: NotRequired[bool]
+    """indicates if the value is stored in the table or computed on demand"""
+
+
+class ReflectedColumn(TypedDict):
+    """Dictionary representing the reflected elements corresponding to
+    a :class:`_schema.Column` object.
+
+    The :class:`.ReflectedColumn` structure is returned by the
+    :class:`.Inspector.get_columns` method.
+
+    """
+
+    name: str
+    """column name"""
+
+    type: TypeEngine[Any]
+    """column type represented as a :class:`.TypeEngine` instance."""
+
+    nullable: bool
+    """boolean flag if the column is NULL or NOT NULL"""
+
+    default: Optional[str]
+    """column default expression as a SQL string"""
+
+    autoincrement: NotRequired[bool]
+    """database-dependent autoincrement flag.
+
+    This flag indicates if the column has a database-side "autoincrement"
+    flag of some kind.   Within SQLAlchemy, other kinds of columns may
+    also act as an "autoincrement" column without necessarily having
+    such a flag on them.
+
+    See :paramref:`_schema.Column.autoincrement` for more background on
+    "autoincrement".
+
+    """
+
+    comment: NotRequired[Optional[str]]
+    """comment for the column, if present.
+    Only some dialects return this key
+    """
+
+    computed: NotRequired[ReflectedComputed]
+    """indicates that this column is computed by the database.
+    Only some dialects return this key.
+    """
+
+    identity: NotRequired[ReflectedIdentity]
+    """indicates this column is an IDENTITY column.
+    Only some dialects return this key.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.4 - added support for identity column reflection.
+    """
+
+    dialect_options: NotRequired[Dict[str, Any]]
+    """Additional dialect-specific options detected for this reflected
+    object"""
+
+
+class ReflectedConstraint(TypedDict):
+    """Dictionary representing the reflected elements corresponding to
+    :class:`.Constraint`
+
+    A base class for all constraints
+    """
+
+    name: Optional[str]
+    """constraint name"""
+
+    comment: NotRequired[Optional[str]]
+    """comment for the constraint, if present"""
+
+
+class ReflectedCheckConstraint(ReflectedConstraint):
+    """Dictionary representing the reflected elements corresponding to
+    :class:`.CheckConstraint`.
+
+    The :class:`.ReflectedCheckConstraint` structure is returned by the
+    :meth:`.Inspector.get_check_constraints` method.
+
+    """
+
+    sqltext: str
+    """the check constraint's SQL expression"""
+
+    dialect_options: NotRequired[Dict[str, Any]]
+    """Additional dialect-specific options detected for this check constraint
+    """
+
+
+class ReflectedUniqueConstraint(ReflectedConstraint):
+    """Dictionary representing the reflected elements corresponding to
+    :class:`.UniqueConstraint`.
+
+    The :class:`.ReflectedUniqueConstraint` structure is returned by the
+    :meth:`.Inspector.get_unique_constraints` method.
+
+    """
+
+    column_names: List[str]
+    """column names which comprise the unique constraint"""
+
+    duplicates_index: NotRequired[Optional[str]]
+    "Indicates if this unique constraint duplicates an index with this name"
+
+    dialect_options: NotRequired[Dict[str, Any]]
+    """Additional dialect-specific options detected for this unique
+    constraint"""
+
+
+class ReflectedPrimaryKeyConstraint(ReflectedConstraint):
+    """Dictionary representing the reflected elements corresponding to
+    :class:`.PrimaryKeyConstraint`.
+
+    The :class:`.ReflectedPrimaryKeyConstraint` structure is returned by the
+    :meth:`.Inspector.get_pk_constraint` method.
+
+    """
+
+    constrained_columns: List[str]
+    """column names which comprise the primary key"""
+
+    dialect_options: NotRequired[Dict[str, Any]]
+    """Additional dialect-specific options detected for this primary key"""
+
+
+class ReflectedForeignKeyConstraint(ReflectedConstraint):
+    """Dictionary representing the reflected elements corresponding to
+    :class:`.ForeignKeyConstraint`.
+
+    The :class:`.ReflectedForeignKeyConstraint` structure is returned by
+    the :meth:`.Inspector.get_foreign_keys` method.
+
+    """
+
+    constrained_columns: List[str]
+    """local column names which comprise the foreign key"""
+
+    referred_schema: Optional[str]
+    """schema name of the table being referred"""
+
+    referred_table: str
+    """name of the table being referred"""
+
+    referred_columns: List[str]
+    """referred column names that correspond to ``constrained_columns``"""
+
+    options: NotRequired[Dict[str, Any]]
+    """Additional options detected for this foreign key constraint"""
+
+
+class ReflectedIndex(TypedDict):
+    """Dictionary representing the reflected elements corresponding to
+    :class:`.Index`.
+
+    The :class:`.ReflectedIndex` structure is returned by the
+    :meth:`.Inspector.get_indexes` method.
+
+    """
+
+    name: Optional[str]
+    """index name"""
+
+    column_names: List[Optional[str]]
+    """column names which the index references.
+    An element of this list is ``None`` if it's an expression and is
+    returned in the ``expressions`` list.
+    """
+
+    expressions: NotRequired[List[str]]
+    """Expressions that compose the index. This list, when present, contains
+    both plain column names (that are also in ``column_names``) and
+    expressions (that are ``None`` in ``column_names``).
+    """
+
+    unique: bool
+    """whether or not the index has a unique flag"""
+
+    duplicates_constraint: NotRequired[Optional[str]]
+    "Indicates if this index mirrors a constraint with this name"
+
+    include_columns: NotRequired[List[str]]
+    """columns to include in the INCLUDE clause for supporting databases.
+
+    .. deprecated:: 2.0
+
+        Legacy value, will be replaced with
+        ``index_dict["dialect_options"]["<dialect name>_include"]``
+
+    """
+
+    column_sorting: NotRequired[Dict[str, Tuple[str]]]
+    """optional dict mapping column names or expressions to tuple of sort
+    keywords, which may include ``asc``, ``desc``, ``nulls_first``,
+    ``nulls_last``.
+    """
+
+    dialect_options: NotRequired[Dict[str, Any]]
+    """Additional dialect-specific options detected for this index."""
+
+
+class ReflectedTableComment(TypedDict):
+    """Dictionary representing the reflected comment corresponding to
+    the :attr:`_schema.Table.comment` attribute.
+
+    The :class:`.ReflectedTableComment` structure is returned by the
+    :meth:`.Inspector.get_table_comment` method.
+
+    """
+
+    text: Optional[str]
+    """text of the comment"""
+
+
+class BindTyping(Enum):
+    """Define different methods of passing typing information for
+    bound parameters in a statement to the database driver.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    """
+
+    NONE = 1
+    """No steps are taken to pass typing information to the database driver.
+
+    This is the default behavior for databases such as SQLite, MySQL / MariaDB,
+    SQL Server.
+
+    """
+
+    SETINPUTSIZES = 2
+    """Use the pep-249 setinputsizes method.
+
+    This is only implemented for DBAPIs that support this method and for which
+    the SQLAlchemy dialect has the appropriate infrastructure for that dialect
+    set up.  Current dialects include python-oracledb, cx_Oracle as well as
+    optional support for SQL Server using pyodbc.
+
+    When using setinputsizes, dialects also have a means of only using the
+    method for certain datatypes using include/exclude lists.
+
+    When SETINPUTSIZES is used, the :meth:`.Dialect.do_set_input_sizes` method
+    is called for each statement executed which has bound parameters.
+
+    """
+
+    RENDER_CASTS = 3
+    """Render casts or other directives in the SQL string.
+
+    This method is used for all PostgreSQL dialects, including asyncpg,
+    pg8000, psycopg, psycopg2.   Dialects which implement this can choose
+    which kinds of datatypes are explicitly cast in SQL statements and which
+    aren't.
+
+    When RENDER_CASTS is used, the compiler will invoke the
+    :meth:`.SQLCompiler.render_bind_cast` method for the rendered
+    string representation of each :class:`.BindParameter` object whose
+    dialect-level type sets the :attr:`.TypeEngine.render_bind_cast` attribute.
+
+    The :meth:`.SQLCompiler.render_bind_cast` is also used to render casts
+    for one form of "insertmanyvalues" query, when both
+    :attr:`.InsertmanyvaluesSentinelOpts.USE_INSERT_FROM_SELECT` and
+    :attr:`.InsertmanyvaluesSentinelOpts.RENDER_SELECT_COL_CASTS` are set,
+    where the casts are applied to the intermediary columns e.g.
+    "INSERT INTO t (a, b, c) SELECT p0::TYP, p1::TYP, p2::TYP "
+    "FROM (VALUES (?, ?), (?, ?), ...)".
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0.10 - :meth:`.SQLCompiler.render_bind_cast` is now
+       used within some elements of the "insertmanyvalues" implementation.
+
+
+    """
+
+
+ServerVersionInfoType = Tuple[Union[int, str], ...]
+"""The type of :attr:`.Dialect.server_version_info`.
+
+.. versionadded:: 2.1  Renamed from ``VersionInfoType``, which remains
+   present as a synonym.  The version of the DBAPI, as opposed to that of
+   the database server, is instead a ``sqlalchemy.util.VersionInfo``; see
+   :attr:`.Dialect.dbapi_version`.
+
+"""
+
+VersionInfoType = ServerVersionInfoType
+
+TableKey = Tuple[Optional[str], str]
+
+
+class Dialect(EventTarget):
+    """Define the behavior of a specific database and DB-API combination.
+
+    Any aspect of metadata definition, SQL query generation,
+    execution, result-set handling, or anything else which varies
+    between databases is defined under the general category of the
+    Dialect.  The Dialect acts as a factory for other
+    database-specific object implementations including
+    ExecutionContext, Compiled, DefaultGenerator, and TypeEngine.
+
+    .. note:: Third party dialects should not subclass :class:`.Dialect`
+       directly.  Instead, subclass :class:`.default.DefaultDialect` or
+       descendant class.
+
+    """
+
+    CACHE_HIT = CacheStats.CACHE_HIT
+    CACHE_MISS = CacheStats.CACHE_MISS
+    CACHING_DISABLED = CacheStats.CACHING_DISABLED
+    NO_CACHE_KEY = CacheStats.NO_CACHE_KEY
+    NO_DIALECT_SUPPORT = CacheStats.NO_DIALECT_SUPPORT
+
+    dispatch: dispatcher[Dialect]
+
+    name: str
+    """identifying name for the dialect from a DBAPI-neutral point of view
+      (i.e. 'sqlite')
+    """
+
+    driver: str
+    """identifying name for the dialect's DBAPI"""
+
+    dialect_description: str
+
+    dbapi: Optional[DBAPIModule]
+    """A reference to the DBAPI module object itself.
+
+    SQLAlchemy dialects import DBAPI modules using the classmethod
+    :meth:`.Dialect.import_dbapi`. The rationale is so that any dialect
+    module can be imported and used to generate SQL statements without the
+    need for the actual DBAPI driver to be installed.  Only when an
+    :class:`.Engine` is constructed using :func:`.create_engine` does the
+    DBAPI get imported; at that point, the creation process will assign
+    the DBAPI module to this attribute.
+
+    Dialects should therefore implement :meth:`.Dialect.import_dbapi`
+    which will import the necessary module and return it, and then refer
+    to ``self.dbapi`` in dialect code in order to refer to the DBAPI module
+    contents.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: The :attr:`.Dialect.dbapi` attribute is exclusively
+       used as the per-:class:`.Dialect`-instance reference to the DBAPI
+       module.   The previous not-fully-documented ``.Dialect.dbapi()``
+       classmethod is deprecated and replaced by :meth:`.Dialect.import_dbapi`.
+
+    """
+
+    @util.non_memoized_property
+    def loaded_dbapi(self) -> DBAPIModule:
+        """same as .dbapi, but is never None; will raise an error if no
+        DBAPI was set up.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    positional: bool
+    """True if the paramstyle for this Dialect is positional."""
+
+    paramstyle: str
+    """the paramstyle to be used (some DB-APIs support multiple
+      paramstyles).
+    """
+
+    compiler_linting: Linting
+
+    statement_compiler: Type[SQLCompiler]
+    """a :class:`.Compiled` class used to compile SQL statements"""
+
+    ddl_compiler: Type[DDLCompiler]
+    """a :class:`.Compiled` class used to compile DDL statements"""
+
+    type_compiler_cls: ClassVar[Type[TypeCompiler]]
+    """a :class:`.Compiled` class used to compile SQL type objects
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    """
+
+    type_compiler_instance: TypeCompiler
+    """instance of a :class:`.Compiled` class used to compile SQL type
+    objects
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    """
+
+    type_compiler: Any
+    """legacy; this is a TypeCompiler class at the class level, a
+    TypeCompiler instance at the instance level.
+
+    Refer to type_compiler_instance instead.
+
+    """
+
+    preparer: Type[IdentifierPreparer]
+    """a :class:`.IdentifierPreparer` class used to
+    quote identifiers.
+    """
+
+    identifier_preparer: IdentifierPreparer
+    """This element will refer to an instance of :class:`.IdentifierPreparer`
+    once a :class:`.DefaultDialect` has been constructed.
+
+    """
+
+    server_version_info: Optional[ServerVersionInfoType]
+    """a tuple containing a version number for the DB backend in use.
+
+    This value is only available for supporting dialects, and is
+    typically populated during the initial connection to the database.
+    """
+
+    minimum_dbapi_version: Optional[util.VersionInfo] = None
+    """The minimum version of the DBAPI which this dialect supports.
+
+    When present, :class:`.DefaultDialect` compares this against
+    :attr:`.Dialect.dbapi_version` as the dialect is constructed, raising
+    :class:`.exc.InvalidRequestError` if the DBAPI in use is older.  A
+    dialect therefore does not need to implement this check itself::
+
+        class MyDialect(DefaultDialect):
+            minimum_dbapi_version = util.VersionInfo((2, 5))
+
+    No check takes place if the version of the DBAPI is not available, as
+    described at :attr:`.Dialect.dbapi_version`.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.1
+
+    """
+
+    @property
+    def dbapi_version(self) -> util.VersionInfo:
+        """the version number of the DBAPI in use.
+
+        In contrast to :attr:`.Dialect.server_version_info`, which refers to
+        the database server itself, this attribute refers to the version of
+        the Python DBAPI module which the dialect makes use of, and is
+        available without any database connection being established.
+
+        The value is a ``sqlalchemy.util.VersionInfo``, a tuple of integers
+        which additionally sorts pre-release versions such as ``2.0.0rc1``
+        as preceding the final release ``(2, 0, 0)``.  It may be compared
+        against a plain tuple of integers directly::
+
+            if dialect.dbapi_version >= (2, 5):
+                ...
+
+        Dialects should implement
+        :meth:`.Dialect.retrieve_dbapi_version` only in order to provide
+        this value; this method in turn is used by the
+        :class:`.DefaultDialect` implementation of
+        :attr:`.DefaultDialect.dbapi_version`.
+
+        Two distinct conditions prevent a version from being available:
+
+        * :class:`.exc.NoDBAPILoaded` is raised if the dialect has no DBAPI
+          module loaded, as is the case for a dialect used only to compile
+          statements, or if its DBAPI publishes no version of its own.
+          Neither is an error on the part of the dialect.
+
+        * ``NotImplementedError`` is raised if the dialect does not
+          implement :meth:`.Dialect.retrieve_dbapi_version` at all.  This
+          indicates the dialect itself needs to be fixed.
+
+        Consuming code which tolerates a dialect that has not loaded a
+        DBAPI should accommodate the former only, so that a dialect in need
+        of fixing continues to make itself known::
+
+            try:
+                dbapi_version = dialect.dbapi_version
+            except exc.NoDBAPILoaded:
+                dbapi_version = None
+
+        Note that ``hasattr()`` may **not** be used to test for support, as
+        it does not intercept ``NotImplementedError``.  Note also that
+        reading this attribute does not cause a DBAPI module to be
+        imported; it reports upon the module already in use, if any.
+
+        A version, once determined, is memoized.  As no memoization takes
+        place while the version remains unavailable, a DBAPI which is
+        established after the dialect was constructed is still detected.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.1
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+            :meth:`.Dialect.retrieve_dbapi_version`
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def retrieve_dbapi_version(self, dbapi: DBAPIModule) -> util.VersionInfo:
+        """Return the version of the given DBAPI module.
+
+        This is the dialect-implemented hook behind
+        :attr:`.Dialect.dbapi_version`.  A dialect is responsible only for
+        locating where its particular DBAPI publishes a version and parsing
+        it, typically using ``sqlalchemy.util.parse_version_string()``::
+
+            def retrieve_dbapi_version(self, dbapi):
+                return util.parse_version_string(dbapi.__version__)
+
+        The ``dbapi`` argument is the module returned by
+        :meth:`.Dialect.import_dbapi`, which for asyncio dialects is
+        typically a wrapper object rather than the driver module itself.
+
+        This method is only invoked with a DBAPI actually loaded, and only
+        until a version has been determined; the surrounding conditions,
+        including memoization, are handled by :class:`.DefaultDialect`.  An
+        empty version may be returned to indicate that no version could be
+        located, which :attr:`.Dialect.dbapi_version` translates into
+        :class:`.exc.NoDBAPILoaded`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.1
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    default_schema_name: Optional[str]
+    """the name of the default schema.  This value is only available for
+    supporting dialects, and is typically populated during the
+    initial connection to the database.
+
+    """
+
+    # NOTE: this does not take into effect engine-level isolation level.
+    # not clear if this should be changed, seems like it should
+    default_isolation_level: Optional[IsolationLevel]
+    """the isolation that is implicitly present on new connections"""
+
+    skip_autocommit_rollback: bool
+    """Whether or not the :paramref:`.create_engine.skip_autocommit_rollback`
+    parameter was set.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0.43
+
+    """
+
+    # create_engine()  -> isolation_level  currently goes here
+    _on_connect_isolation_level: Optional[IsolationLevel]
+
+    execution_ctx_cls: Type[ExecutionContext]
+    """a :class:`.ExecutionContext` class used to handle statement execution"""
+
+    execute_sequence_format: Union[
+        Type[Tuple[Any, ...]], Type[Tuple[List[Any]]]
+    ]
+    """either the 'tuple' or 'list' type, depending on what cursor.execute()
+    accepts for the second argument (they vary)."""
+
+    supports_alter: bool
+    """``True`` if the database supports ``ALTER TABLE`` - used only for
+    generating foreign key constraints in certain circumstances
+    """
+
+    max_identifier_length: int
+    """The maximum length of identifier names."""
+    max_index_name_length: Optional[int]
+    """The maximum length of index names if different from
+    ``max_identifier_length``."""
+    max_constraint_name_length: Optional[int]
+    """The maximum length of constraint names if different from
+    ``max_identifier_length``."""
+
+    supports_server_side_cursors: Union[generic_fn_descriptor[bool], bool]
+    """indicates if the dialect supports server side cursors"""
+
+    server_side_cursors: bool
+    """deprecated; indicates if the dialect should attempt to use server
+    side cursors by default"""
+
+    supports_sane_rowcount: bool
+    """Indicate whether the dialect properly implements rowcount for
+      ``UPDATE`` and ``DELETE`` statements.
+    """
+
+    supports_sane_multi_rowcount: bool
+    """Indicate whether the dialect properly implements rowcount for
+      ``UPDATE`` and ``DELETE`` statements when executed via
+      executemany.
+    """
+
+    supports_empty_insert: bool
+    """dialect supports INSERT () VALUES (), i.e. a plain INSERT with no
+    columns in it.
+
+    This is not usually supported; an "empty" insert is typically
+    suited using either "INSERT..DEFAULT VALUES" or
+    "INSERT ... (col) VALUES (DEFAULT)".
+
+    """
+
+    supports_default_values: bool
+    """dialect supports INSERT... DEFAULT VALUES syntax"""
+
+    supports_default_metavalue: bool
+    """dialect supports INSERT...(col) VALUES (DEFAULT) syntax.
+
+    Most databases support this in some way, e.g. SQLite supports it using
+    ``VALUES (NULL)``.    MS SQL Server supports the syntax also however
+    is the only included dialect where we have this disabled, as
+    MSSQL does not support the field for the IDENTITY column, which is
+    usually where we like to make use of the feature.
+
+    """
+
+    default_metavalue_token: str = "DEFAULT"
+    """for INSERT... VALUES (DEFAULT) syntax, the token to put in the
+    parenthesis.
+
+    E.g. for SQLite this is the keyword "NULL".
+
+    """
+
+    supports_multivalues_insert: bool
+    """Target database supports INSERT...VALUES with multiple value
+    sets, i.e. INSERT INTO table (cols) VALUES (...), (...), (...), ...
+
+    """
+
+    _json_serializer: Callable[[_JSON_VALUE], str] | None
+
+    _json_deserializer: Callable[[str], _JSON_VALUE] | None
+
+    supports_native_json_serialization: bool
+    """target dialect includes a native JSON serializer, eliminating
+    the need to use json.dumps() for JSON data
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.1
+
+    """
+
+    supports_native_json_deserialization: bool
+    """target dialect includes a native JSON deserializer, eliminating
+    the need to use json.loads() for JSON data
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.1
+
+    """
+
+    dialect_injects_custom_json_deserializer: bool
+    """target dialect, when given a custom _json_deserializer, needs to
+    inject this handler at the connection/cursor level, rather than
+    having JSON data returned as a string to be handled by the type
+
+    ..versionadded:: 2.1
+
+    """
+
+    aggregate_order_by_style: AggregateOrderByStyle
+    """Style of ORDER BY supported for arbitrary aggregate functions
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.1
+
+    """
+
+    insert_executemany_returning: bool
+    """dialect / driver / database supports some means of providing
+    INSERT...RETURNING support when dialect.do_executemany() is used.
+
+    """
+
+    insert_executemany_returning_sort_by_parameter_order: bool
+    """dialect / driver / database supports some means of providing
+    INSERT...RETURNING support when dialect.do_executemany() is used
+    along with the :paramref:`_dml.Insert.returning.sort_by_parameter_order`
+    parameter being set.
+
+    """
+
+    update_executemany_returning: bool
+    """dialect supports UPDATE..RETURNING with executemany."""
+
+    delete_executemany_returning: bool
+    """dialect supports DELETE..RETURNING with executemany."""
+
+    use_insertmanyvalues: bool
+    """if True, indicates "insertmanyvalues" functionality should be used
+    to allow for ``insert_executemany_returning`` behavior, if possible.
+
+    In practice, setting this to True means:
+
+    if ``supports_multivalues_insert``, ``insert_returning`` and
+    ``use_insertmanyvalues`` are all True, the SQL compiler will produce
+    an INSERT that will be interpreted by the :class:`.DefaultDialect`
+    as an :attr:`.ExecuteStyle.INSERTMANYVALUES` execution that allows
+    for INSERT of many rows with RETURNING by rewriting a single-row
+    INSERT statement to have multiple VALUES clauses, also executing
+    the statement multiple times for a series of batches when large numbers
+    of rows are given.
+
+    The parameter is False for the default dialect, and is set to True for
+    SQLAlchemy internal dialects SQLite, MySQL/MariaDB, PostgreSQL, SQL Server.
+    It remains at False for Oracle Database, which provides native "executemany
+    with RETURNING" support and also does not support
+    ``supports_multivalues_insert``.  For MySQL/MariaDB, those MySQL dialects
+    that don't support RETURNING will not report
+    ``insert_executemany_returning`` as True.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+        :ref:`engine_insertmanyvalues`
+
+    """
+
+    use_insertmanyvalues_wo_returning: bool
+    """if True, and use_insertmanyvalues is also True, INSERT statements
+    that don't include RETURNING will also use "insertmanyvalues".
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+        :ref:`engine_insertmanyvalues`
+
+    """
+
+    insertmanyvalues_implicit_sentinel: InsertmanyvaluesSentinelOpts
+    """Options indicating the database supports a form of bulk INSERT where
+    the autoincrement integer primary key can be reliably used as an ordering
+    for INSERTed rows.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0.10
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+        :ref:`engine_insertmanyvalues_returning_order`
+
+    """
+
+    insertmanyvalues_page_size: int
+    """Number of rows to render into an individual INSERT..VALUES() statement
+    for :attr:`.ExecuteStyle.INSERTMANYVALUES` executions.
+
+    The default dialect defaults this to 1000.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+        :paramref:`_engine.Connection.execution_options.insertmanyvalues_page_size` -
+        execution option available on :class:`_engine.Connection`, statements
+
+    """  # noqa: E501
+
+    insertmanyvalues_max_parameters: int
+    """Alternate to insertmanyvalues_page_size, will additionally limit
+    page size based on number of parameters total in the statement.
+
+
+    """
+
+    preexecute_autoincrement_sequences: bool
+    """True if 'implicit' primary key functions must be executed separately
+      in order to get their value, if RETURNING is not used.
+
+      This is currently oriented towards PostgreSQL when the
+      ``implicit_returning=False`` parameter is used on a :class:`.Table`
+      object.
+
+    """
+
+    insert_returning: bool
+    """if the dialect supports RETURNING with INSERT
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    """
+
+    update_returning: bool
+    """if the dialect supports RETURNING with UPDATE
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    """
+
+    update_returning_multifrom: bool
+    """if the dialect supports RETURNING with UPDATE..FROM
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    """
+
+    delete_returning: bool
+    """if the dialect supports RETURNING with DELETE
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    """
+
+    delete_returning_multifrom: bool
+    """if the dialect supports RETURNING with DELETE..FROM
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    """
+
+    favor_returning_over_lastrowid: bool
+    """for backends that support both a lastrowid and a RETURNING insert
+    strategy, favor RETURNING for simple single-int pk inserts.
+
+    cursor.lastrowid tends to be more performant on most backends.
+
+    """
+
+    supports_identity_columns: bool
+    """target database supports IDENTITY"""
+
+    cte_follows_insert: bool
+    """target database, when given a CTE with an INSERT statement, needs
+    the CTE to be below the INSERT"""
+
+    colspecs: MutableMapping[Type[TypeEngine[Any]], Type[TypeEngine[Any]]]
+    """A dictionary of TypeEngine classes from sqlalchemy.types mapped
+      to subclasses that are specific to the dialect class.  This
+      dictionary is class-level only and is not accessed from the
+      dialect instance itself.
+    """
+
+    supports_sequences: bool
+    """Indicates if the dialect supports CREATE SEQUENCE or similar."""
+
+    sequences_optional: bool
+    """If True, indicates if the :paramref:`_schema.Sequence.optional`
+      parameter on the :class:`_schema.Sequence` construct
+      should signal to not generate a CREATE SEQUENCE. Applies only to
+      dialects that support sequences. Currently used only to allow PostgreSQL
+      SERIAL to be used on a column that specifies Sequence() for usage on
+      other backends.
+    """
+
+    default_sequence_base: int
+    """the default value that will be rendered as the "START WITH" portion of
+    a CREATE SEQUENCE DDL statement.
+
+    """
+
+    supports_native_enum: bool
+    """Indicates if the dialect supports a native ENUM construct.
+      This will prevent :class:`_types.Enum` from generating a CHECK
+      constraint when that type is used in "native" mode.
+    """
+
+    supports_native_boolean: bool
+    """Indicates if the dialect supports a native boolean construct.
+      This will prevent :class:`_types.Boolean` from generating a CHECK
+      constraint when that type is used.
+    """
+
+    supports_native_decimal: bool
+    """indicates if Decimal objects are handled and returned for precision
+    numeric types, or if floats are returned"""
+
+    supports_native_uuid: bool
+    """indicates if Python UUID() objects are handled natively by the
+    driver for SQL UUID datatypes.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    """
+
+    returns_native_bytes: bool
+    """indicates if Python bytes() objects are returned natively by the
+    driver for SQL "binary" datatypes.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0.11
+
+    """
+
+    construct_arguments: Optional[
+        List[Tuple[Type[Union[SchemaItem, ClauseElement]], Mapping[str, Any]]]
+    ] = None
+    """Optional set of argument specifiers for various SQLAlchemy
+    constructs, typically schema items.
+
+    To implement, establish as a series of tuples, as in::
+
+        construct_arguments = [
+            (schema.Index, {"using": False, "where": None, "ops": None}),
+        ]
+
+    If the above construct is established on the PostgreSQL dialect,
+    the :class:`.Index` construct will now accept the keyword arguments
+    ``postgresql_using``, ``postgresql_where``, and ``postgresql_ops``.
+    Any other argument specified to the constructor of :class:`.Index`
+    which is prefixed with ``postgresql_`` will raise :class:`.ArgumentError`.
+
+    A dialect which does not include a ``construct_arguments`` member will
+    not participate in the argument validation system.  For such a dialect,
+    any argument name is accepted by all participating constructs, within
+    the namespace of arguments prefixed with that dialect name.  The rationale
+    here is so that third-party dialects that haven't yet implemented this
+    feature continue to function in the old way.
+
+    Arguments that represent database state without any corresponding DDL,
+    but may nonetheless appear in a reflected set of arguments that should
+    be ignored by the construct, may make use of the
+    :attr:`.DialectKWArgConst.REFLECTED_ONLY` token as the default value.
+    Arguments passed to the schema object on such a key will be passed along
+    into the separate read-only collection
+    :attr:`.DialectKWArgs.reflect_only_elements` and should be omitted from
+    DDL rendering.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.1 Added :class:`.DialectKWArgConst`.
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+        :class:`.DialectKWArgs` - implementing base class which consumes
+        :attr:`.DefaultDialect.construct_arguments`
+
+
+    """
+
+    reflection_options: Sequence[str] = ()
+    """Sequence of string names indicating keyword arguments that can be
+    established on a :class:`.Table` object which will be passed as
+    "reflection options" when using :paramref:`.Table.autoload_with`.
+
+    Current example is "oracle_resolve_synonyms" in the Oracle Database
+    dialects.
+
+    """
+
+    dbapi_exception_translation_map: Mapping[str, str] = util.EMPTY_DICT
+    """A dictionary of names that will contain as values the names of
+       pep-249 exceptions ("IntegrityError", "OperationalError", etc)
+       keyed to alternate class names, to support the case where a
+       DBAPI has exception classes that aren't named as they are
+       referred to (e.g. IntegrityError = MyException).   In the vast
+       majority of cases this dictionary is empty.
+    """
+
+    supports_comments: bool
+    """Indicates the dialect supports comment DDL on tables and columns."""
+
+    inline_comments: bool
+    """Indicates the dialect supports comment DDL that's inline with the
+    definition of a Table or Column.  If False, this implies that ALTER must
+    be used to set table and column comments."""
+
+    supports_constraint_comments: bool
+    """Indicates if the dialect supports comment DDL on constraints.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+
+    _has_events = False
+
+    supports_statement_cache: bool = True
+    """indicates if this dialect supports caching.
+
+    All dialects that are compatible with statement caching should set this
+    flag to True directly on each dialect class and subclass that supports
+    it.  SQLAlchemy tests that this flag is locally present on each dialect
+    subclass before it will use statement caching.  This is to provide
+    safety for legacy or new dialects that are not yet fully tested to be
+    compliant with SQL statement caching.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.4.5
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+        :ref:`engine_thirdparty_caching`
+
+    """
+
+    _supports_statement_cache: bool
+    """internal evaluation for supports_statement_cache"""
+
+    bind_typing = BindTyping.NONE
+    """define a means of passing typing information to the database and/or
+    driver for bound parameters.
+
+    See :class:`.BindTyping` for values.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    """
+
+    is_async: bool
+    """Whether or not this dialect is intended for asyncio use."""
+
+    has_terminate: bool
+    """Whether or not this dialect has a separate "terminate" implementation
+    that does not block or require awaiting."""
+
+    engine_config_types: Mapping[str, Any]
+    """a mapping of string keys that can be in an engine config linked to
+    type conversion functions.
+
+    """
+
+    label_length: Optional[int]
+    """optional user-defined max length for SQL labels"""
+
+    include_set_input_sizes: Optional[Set[Any]]
+    """set of DBAPI type objects that should be included in
+    automatic cursor.setinputsizes() calls.
+
+    This is only used if bind_typing is BindTyping.SET_INPUT_SIZES
+
+    """
+
+    exclude_set_input_sizes: Optional[Set[Any]]
+    """set of DBAPI type objects that should be excluded in
+    automatic cursor.setinputsizes() calls.
+
+    This is only used if bind_typing is BindTyping.SET_INPUT_SIZES
+
+    """
+
+    supports_simple_order_by_label: bool
+    """target database supports ORDER BY <labelname>, where <labelname>
+    refers to a label in the columns clause of the SELECT"""
+
+    div_is_floordiv: bool
+    """target database treats the / division operator as "floor division" """
+
+    tuple_in_values: bool
+    """target database supports tuple IN, i.e. (x, y) IN ((q, p), (r, z))"""
+
+    requires_name_normalize: bool
+    """Indicates symbol names are returned by the database in
+    UPPERCASED if they are case insensitive within the database.
+    If this is True, the methods normalize_name()
+    and denormalize_name() must be provided.
+    """
+
+    _bind_typing_render_casts: bool
+
+    _type_memos: MutableMapping[TypeEngine[Any], _TypeMemoDict]
+
+    def _builtin_onconnect(self) -> Optional[_ListenerFnType]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def create_connect_args(self, url: URL) -> ConnectArgsType:
+        """Build DB-API compatible connection arguments.
+
+        Given a :class:`.URL` object, returns a tuple
+        consisting of a ``(*args, **kwargs)`` suitable to send directly
+        to the dbapi's connect function.   The arguments are sent to the
+        :meth:`.Dialect.connect` method which then runs the DBAPI-level
+        ``connect()`` function.
+
+        The method typically makes use of the
+        :meth:`.URL.translate_connect_args`
+        method in order to generate a dictionary of options.
+
+        The default implementation is::
+
+            def create_connect_args(self, url):
+                opts = url.translate_connect_args()
+                opts.update(url.query)
+                return ([], opts)
+
+        :param url: a :class:`.URL` object
+
+        :return: a tuple of ``(*args, **kwargs)`` which will be passed to the
+         :meth:`.Dialect.connect` method.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+            :meth:`.URL.translate_connect_args`
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def import_dbapi(cls) -> DBAPIModule:
+        """Import the DBAPI module that is used by this dialect.
+
+        The Python module object returned here will be assigned as an
+        instance variable to a constructed dialect under the name
+        ``.dbapi``.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0  The :meth:`.Dialect.import_dbapi` class
+           method is renamed from the previous method ``.Dialect.dbapi()``,
+           which would be replaced at dialect instantiation time by the
+           DBAPI module itself, thus using the same name in two different ways.
+           If a ``.Dialect.dbapi()`` classmethod is present on a third-party
+           dialect, it will be used and a deprecation warning will be emitted.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def type_descriptor(self, typeobj: TypeEngine[_T]) -> TypeEngine[_T]:
+        """Transform a generic type to a dialect-specific type.
+
+        Dialect classes will usually use the
+        :func:`_types.adapt_type` function in the types module to
+        accomplish this.
+
+        The returned result is cached *per dialect class* so can
+        contain no dialect-instance state.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def initialize(self, connection: Connection) -> None:
+        """Called during strategized creation of the dialect with a
+        connection.
+
+        Allows dialects to configure options based on server version info or
+        other properties.
+
+        The connection passed here is a SQLAlchemy Connection object,
+        with full capabilities.
+
+        The initialize() method of the base dialect should be called via
+        super().
+
+        .. note:: as of SQLAlchemy 1.4, this method is called **before**
+           any :meth:`_engine.Dialect.on_connect` hooks are called.
+
+        """
+
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+        def _overrides_default(self, method_name: str) -> bool: ...
+
+    def get_columns(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        table_name: str,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> List[ReflectedColumn]:
+        """Return information about columns in ``table_name``.
+
+        Given a :class:`_engine.Connection`, a string
+        ``table_name``, and an optional string ``schema``, return column
+        information as a list of dictionaries
+        corresponding to the :class:`.ReflectedColumn` dictionary.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`.Inspector.get_columns`.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_multi_columns(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        *,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        filter_names: Optional[Collection[str]] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple[TableKey, List[ReflectedColumn]]]:
+        """Return information about columns in all tables in the
+        given ``schema``.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`.Inspector.get_multi_columns`.
+
+        .. note:: The :class:`_engine.DefaultDialect` provides a default
+          implementation that will call the single table method for
+          each object returned by :meth:`Dialect.get_table_names`,
+          :meth:`Dialect.get_view_names` or
+          :meth:`Dialect.get_materialized_view_names` depending on the
+          provided ``kind``. Dialects that want to support a faster
+          implementation should implement this method.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_pk_constraint(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        table_name: str,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> ReflectedPrimaryKeyConstraint:
+        """Return information about the primary key constraint on
+        table_name`.
+
+        Given a :class:`_engine.Connection`, a string
+        ``table_name``, and an optional string ``schema``, return primary
+        key information as a dictionary corresponding to the
+        :class:`.ReflectedPrimaryKeyConstraint` dictionary.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`.Inspector.get_pk_constraint`.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_multi_pk_constraint(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        *,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        filter_names: Optional[Collection[str]] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple[TableKey, ReflectedPrimaryKeyConstraint]]:
+        """Return information about primary key constraints in
+        all tables in the given ``schema``.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`.Inspector.get_multi_pk_constraint`.
+
+        .. note:: The :class:`_engine.DefaultDialect` provides a default
+          implementation that will call the single table method for
+          each object returned by :meth:`Dialect.get_table_names`,
+          :meth:`Dialect.get_view_names` or
+          :meth:`Dialect.get_materialized_view_names` depending on the
+          provided ``kind``. Dialects that want to support a faster
+          implementation should implement this method.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_foreign_keys(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        table_name: str,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> List[ReflectedForeignKeyConstraint]:
+        """Return information about foreign_keys in ``table_name``.
+
+        Given a :class:`_engine.Connection`, a string
+        ``table_name``, and an optional string ``schema``, return foreign
+        key information as a list of dicts corresponding to the
+        :class:`.ReflectedForeignKeyConstraint` dictionary.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`_engine.Inspector.get_foreign_keys`.
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_multi_foreign_keys(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        *,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        filter_names: Optional[Collection[str]] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple[TableKey, List[ReflectedForeignKeyConstraint]]]:
+        """Return information about foreign_keys in all tables
+        in the given ``schema``.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`_engine.Inspector.get_multi_foreign_keys`.
+
+        .. note:: The :class:`_engine.DefaultDialect` provides a default
+          implementation that will call the single table method for
+          each object returned by :meth:`Dialect.get_table_names`,
+          :meth:`Dialect.get_view_names` or
+          :meth:`Dialect.get_materialized_view_names` depending on the
+          provided ``kind``. Dialects that want to support a faster
+          implementation should implement this method.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_table_names(
+        self, connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        """Return a list of table names for ``schema``.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`_engine.Inspector.get_table_names`.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_temp_table_names(
+        self, connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        """Return a list of temporary table names on the given connection,
+        if supported by the underlying backend.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`_engine.Inspector.get_temp_table_names`.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_view_names(
+        self, connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        """Return a list of all non-materialized view names available in the
+        database.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`_engine.Inspector.get_view_names`.
+
+        :param schema: schema name to query, if not the default schema.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_materialized_view_names(
+        self, connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        """Return a list of all materialized view names available in the
+        database.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`_engine.Inspector.get_materialized_view_names`.
+
+        :param schema: schema name to query, if not the default schema.
+
+         .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_sequence_names(
+        self, connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        """Return a list of all sequence names available in the database.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`_engine.Inspector.get_sequence_names`.
+
+        :param schema: schema name to query, if not the default schema.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.4
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_temp_view_names(
+        self, connection: Connection, schema: Optional[str] = None, **kw: Any
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        """Return a list of temporary view names on the given connection,
+        if supported by the underlying backend.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`_engine.Inspector.get_temp_view_names`.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_schema_names(self, connection: Connection, **kw: Any) -> List[str]:
+        """Return a list of all schema names available in the database.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`_engine.Inspector.get_schema_names`.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_view_definition(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        view_name: str,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Return plain or materialized view definition.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`_engine.Inspector.get_view_definition`.
+
+        Given a :class:`_engine.Connection`, a string
+        ``view_name``, and an optional string ``schema``, return the view
+        definition.
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_indexes(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        table_name: str,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> List[ReflectedIndex]:
+        """Return information about indexes in ``table_name``.
+
+        Given a :class:`_engine.Connection`, a string
+        ``table_name`` and an optional string ``schema``, return index
+        information as a list of dictionaries corresponding to the
+        :class:`.ReflectedIndex` dictionary.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`.Inspector.get_indexes`.
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_multi_indexes(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        *,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        filter_names: Optional[Collection[str]] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple[TableKey, List[ReflectedIndex]]]:
+        """Return information about indexes in in all tables
+        in the given ``schema``.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`.Inspector.get_multi_indexes`.
+
+        .. note:: The :class:`_engine.DefaultDialect` provides a default
+          implementation that will call the single table method for
+          each object returned by :meth:`Dialect.get_table_names`,
+          :meth:`Dialect.get_view_names` or
+          :meth:`Dialect.get_materialized_view_names` depending on the
+          provided ``kind``. Dialects that want to support a faster
+          implementation should implement this method.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_unique_constraints(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        table_name: str,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> List[ReflectedUniqueConstraint]:
+        r"""Return information about unique constraints in ``table_name``.
+
+        Given a string ``table_name`` and an optional string ``schema``, return
+        unique constraint information as a list of dicts corresponding
+        to the :class:`.ReflectedUniqueConstraint` dictionary.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`.Inspector.get_unique_constraints`.
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_multi_unique_constraints(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        *,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        filter_names: Optional[Collection[str]] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple[TableKey, List[ReflectedUniqueConstraint]]]:
+        """Return information about unique constraints in all tables
+        in the given ``schema``.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`.Inspector.get_multi_unique_constraints`.
+
+        .. note:: The :class:`_engine.DefaultDialect` provides a default
+          implementation that will call the single table method for
+          each object returned by :meth:`Dialect.get_table_names`,
+          :meth:`Dialect.get_view_names` or
+          :meth:`Dialect.get_materialized_view_names` depending on the
+          provided ``kind``. Dialects that want to support a faster
+          implementation should implement this method.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_check_constraints(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        table_name: str,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> List[ReflectedCheckConstraint]:
+        r"""Return information about check constraints in ``table_name``.
+
+        Given a string ``table_name`` and an optional string ``schema``, return
+        check constraint information as a list of dicts corresponding
+        to the :class:`.ReflectedCheckConstraint` dictionary.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`.Inspector.get_check_constraints`.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_multi_check_constraints(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        *,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        filter_names: Optional[Collection[str]] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple[TableKey, List[ReflectedCheckConstraint]]]:
+        """Return information about check constraints in all tables
+        in the given ``schema``.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`.Inspector.get_multi_check_constraints`.
+
+        .. note:: The :class:`_engine.DefaultDialect` provides a default
+          implementation that will call the single table method for
+          each object returned by :meth:`Dialect.get_table_names`,
+          :meth:`Dialect.get_view_names` or
+          :meth:`Dialect.get_materialized_view_names` depending on the
+          provided ``kind``. Dialects that want to support a faster
+          implementation should implement this method.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_table_options(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        table_name: str,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Return a dictionary of options specified when ``table_name``
+        was created.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`_engine.Inspector.get_table_options`.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_multi_table_options(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        *,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        filter_names: Optional[Collection[str]] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple[TableKey, Dict[str, Any]]]:
+        """Return a dictionary of options specified when the tables in the
+        given schema were created.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`_engine.Inspector.get_multi_table_options`.
+
+        .. note:: The :class:`_engine.DefaultDialect` provides a default
+          implementation that will call the single table method for
+          each object returned by :meth:`Dialect.get_table_names`,
+          :meth:`Dialect.get_view_names` or
+          :meth:`Dialect.get_materialized_view_names` depending on the
+          provided ``kind``. Dialects that want to support a faster
+          implementation should implement this method.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_table_comment(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        table_name: str,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> ReflectedTableComment:
+        r"""Return the "comment" for the table identified by ``table_name``.
+
+        Given a string ``table_name`` and an optional string ``schema``, return
+        table comment information as a dictionary corresponding to the
+        :class:`.ReflectedTableComment` dictionary.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`.Inspector.get_table_comment`.
+
+        :raise: ``NotImplementedError`` for dialects that don't support
+         comments.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_multi_table_comment(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        *,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        filter_names: Optional[Collection[str]] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple[TableKey, ReflectedTableComment]]:
+        """Return information about the table comment in all tables
+        in the given ``schema``.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`_engine.Inspector.get_multi_table_comment`.
+
+        .. note:: The :class:`_engine.DefaultDialect` provides a default
+          implementation that will call the single table method for
+          each object returned by :meth:`Dialect.get_table_names`,
+          :meth:`Dialect.get_view_names` or
+          :meth:`Dialect.get_materialized_view_names` depending on the
+          provided ``kind``. Dialects that want to support a faster
+          implementation should implement this method.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def normalize_name(self, name: str) -> str:
+        """convert the given name to lowercase if it is detected as
+        case insensitive.
+
+        This method is only used if the dialect defines
+        requires_name_normalize=True.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def denormalize_name(self, name: str) -> str:
+        """convert the given name to a case insensitive identifier
+        for the backend if it is an all-lowercase name.
+
+        This method is only used if the dialect defines
+        requires_name_normalize=True.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def has_table(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        table_name: str,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """For internal dialect use, check the existence of a particular table
+        or view in the database.
+
+        Given a :class:`_engine.Connection` object, a string table_name and
+        optional schema name, return True if the given table exists in the
+        database, False otherwise.
+
+        This method serves as the underlying implementation of the
+        public facing :meth:`.Inspector.has_table` method, and is also used
+        internally to implement the "checkfirst" behavior for methods like
+        :meth:`_schema.Table.create` and :meth:`_schema.MetaData.create_all`.
+
+        .. note:: This method is used internally by SQLAlchemy, and is
+           published so that third-party dialects may provide an
+           implementation. It is **not** the public API for checking for table
+           presence. Please use the :meth:`.Inspector.has_table` method.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0:: :meth:`_engine.Dialect.has_table` now
+           formally supports checking for additional table-like objects:
+
+           * any type of views (plain or materialized)
+           * temporary tables of any kind
+
+           Previously, these two checks were not formally specified and
+           different dialects would vary in their behavior.   The dialect
+           testing suite now includes tests for all of these object types,
+           and dialects to the degree that the backing database supports views
+           or temporary tables should seek to support locating these objects
+           for full compliance.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def has_multi_table(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        table_names: Sequence[str],
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple[TableKey, bool]]:
+        """For internal dialect use, check the existence of a particular list
+        of tables or views in the database.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`.Inspector.has_multi_table`.
+
+        .. note:: The :class:`_engine.DefaultDialect` provides a default
+          implementation that will call the single table method for
+          each table name provided. Dialects that want to support a faster
+          implementation should implement this method.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.1
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def has_index(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        table_name: str,
+        index_name: str,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Check the existence of a particular index name in the database.
+
+        Given a :class:`_engine.Connection` object, a string
+        ``table_name`` and string index name, return ``True`` if an index of
+        the given name on the given table exists, ``False`` otherwise.
+
+        The :class:`.DefaultDialect` implements this in terms of the
+        :meth:`.Dialect.has_table` and :meth:`.Dialect.get_indexes` methods,
+        however dialects can implement a more performant version.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`_engine.Inspector.has_index`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.4
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def has_sequence(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        sequence_name: str,
+        schema: Optional[str] = None,
+        **kw: Any,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Check the existence of a particular sequence in the database.
+
+        Given a :class:`_engine.Connection` object and a string
+        `sequence_name`, return ``True`` if the given sequence exists in
+        the database, ``False`` otherwise.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`_engine.Inspector.has_sequence`.
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def has_schema(
+        self, connection: Connection, schema_name: str, **kw: Any
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Check the existence of a particular schema name in the database.
+
+        Given a :class:`_engine.Connection` object, a string
+        ``schema_name``, return ``True`` if a schema of the
+        given exists, ``False`` otherwise.
+
+        The :class:`.DefaultDialect` implements this by checking
+        the presence of ``schema_name`` among the schemas returned by
+        :meth:`.Dialect.get_schema_names`,
+        however dialects can implement a more performant version.
+
+        This is an internal dialect method. Applications should use
+        :meth:`_engine.Inspector.has_schema`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _get_server_version_info(self, connection: Connection) -> Any:
+        """Retrieve the server version info from the given connection.
+
+        This is used by the default implementation to populate the
+        "server_version_info" attribute and is called exactly
+        once upon first connect.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _get_default_schema_name(self, connection: Connection) -> str:
+        """Return the string name of the currently selected schema from
+        the given connection.
+
+        This is used by the default implementation to populate the
+        "default_schema_name" attribute and is called exactly
+        once upon first connect.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def do_begin(self, dbapi_connection: PoolProxiedConnection) -> None:
+        """Provide an implementation of ``connection.begin()``, given a
+        DB-API connection.
+
+        The DBAPI has no dedicated "begin" method and it is expected
+        that transactions are implicit.  This hook is provided for those
+        DBAPIs that might need additional help in this area.
+
+        :param dbapi_connection: a DBAPI connection, typically
+         proxied within a :class:`.ConnectionFairy`.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def do_rollback(self, dbapi_connection: PoolProxiedConnection) -> None:
+        """Provide an implementation of ``connection.rollback()``, given
+        a DB-API connection.
+
+        :param dbapi_connection: a DBAPI connection, typically
+         proxied within a :class:`.ConnectionFairy`.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def do_commit(self, dbapi_connection: PoolProxiedConnection) -> None:
+        """Provide an implementation of ``connection.commit()``, given a
+        DB-API connection.
+
+        :param dbapi_connection: a DBAPI connection, typically
+         proxied within a :class:`.ConnectionFairy`.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def do_terminate(self, dbapi_connection: DBAPIConnection) -> None:
+        """Provide an implementation of ``connection.close()`` that tries as
+        much as possible to not block, given a DBAPI
+        connection.
+
+        In the vast majority of cases this just calls .close(), however
+        for some asyncio dialects may call upon different API features.
+
+        This hook is called by the :class:`_pool.Pool`
+        when a connection is being recycled or has been invalidated.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.4.41
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def do_close(self, dbapi_connection: DBAPIConnection) -> None:
+        """Provide an implementation of ``connection.close()``, given a DBAPI
+        connection.
+
+        This hook is called by the :class:`_pool.Pool`
+        when a connection has been
+        detached from the pool, or is being returned beyond the normal
+        capacity of the pool.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _do_ping_w_event(self, dbapi_connection: DBAPIConnection) -> bool:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def do_ping(self, dbapi_connection: DBAPIConnection) -> bool:
+        """ping the DBAPI connection and return True if the connection is
+        usable."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def do_set_input_sizes(
+        self,
+        cursor: DBAPICursor,
+        list_of_tuples: _GenericSetInputSizesType,
+        context: ExecutionContext,
+    ) -> Any:
+        """invoke the cursor.setinputsizes() method with appropriate arguments
+
+        This hook is called if the :attr:`.Dialect.bind_typing` attribute is
+        set to the
+        :attr:`.BindTyping.SETINPUTSIZES` value.
+        Parameter data is passed in a list of tuples (paramname, dbtype,
+        sqltype), where ``paramname`` is the key of the parameter in the
+        statement, ``dbtype`` is the DBAPI datatype and ``sqltype`` is the
+        SQLAlchemy type. The order of tuples is in the correct parameter order.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.4
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0  - setinputsizes mode is now enabled by
+           setting :attr:`.Dialect.bind_typing` to
+           :attr:`.BindTyping.SETINPUTSIZES`.  Dialects which accept
+           a ``use_setinputsizes`` parameter should set this value
+           appropriately.
+
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def create_xid(self) -> Any:
+        """Create a two-phase transaction ID.
+
+        This id will be passed to do_begin_twophase(),
+        do_rollback_twophase(), do_commit_twophase().  Its format is
+        unspecified.
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def do_savepoint(self, connection: Connection, name: str) -> None:
+        """Create a savepoint with the given name.
+
+        :param connection: a :class:`_engine.Connection`.
+        :param name: savepoint name.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def do_rollback_to_savepoint(
+        self, connection: Connection, name: str
+    ) -> None:
+        """Rollback a connection to the named savepoint.
+
+        :param connection: a :class:`_engine.Connection`.
+        :param name: savepoint name.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def do_release_savepoint(self, connection: Connection, name: str) -> None:
+        """Release the named savepoint on a connection.
+
+        :param connection: a :class:`_engine.Connection`.
+        :param name: savepoint name.
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def do_begin_twophase(self, connection: Connection, xid: Any) -> None:
+        """Begin a two phase transaction on the given connection.
+
+        :param connection: a :class:`_engine.Connection`.
+        :param xid: xid
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def do_prepare_twophase(self, connection: Connection, xid: Any) -> None:
+        """Prepare a two phase transaction on the given connection.
+
+        :param connection: a :class:`_engine.Connection`.
+        :param xid: xid
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def do_rollback_twophase(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        xid: Any,
+        is_prepared: bool = True,
+        recover: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Rollback a two phase transaction on the given connection.
+
+        :param connection: a :class:`_engine.Connection`.
+        :param xid: xid
+        :param is_prepared: whether or not
+         :meth:`.TwoPhaseTransaction.prepare` was called.
+        :param recover: if the recover flag was passed.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def do_commit_twophase(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        xid: Any,
+        is_prepared: bool = True,
+        recover: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Commit a two phase transaction on the given connection.
+
+
+        :param connection: a :class:`_engine.Connection`.
+        :param xid: xid
+        :param is_prepared: whether or not
+         :meth:`.TwoPhaseTransaction.prepare` was called.
+        :param recover: if the recover flag was passed.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def do_recover_twophase(self, connection: Connection) -> List[Any]:
+        """Recover list of uncommitted prepared two phase transaction
+        identifiers on the given connection.
+
+        :param connection: a :class:`_engine.Connection`.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _deliver_insertmanyvalues_batches(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        cursor: DBAPICursor,
+        statement: str,
+        parameters: _DBAPIMultiExecuteParams,
+        generic_setinputsizes: Optional[_GenericSetInputSizesType],
+        context: ExecutionContext,
+    ) -> Iterator[_InsertManyValuesBatch]:
+        """convert executemany parameters for an INSERT into an iterator
+        of statement/single execute values, used by the insertmanyvalues
+        feature.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def do_executemany(
+        self,
+        cursor: DBAPICursor,
+        statement: str,
+        parameters: _DBAPIMultiExecuteParams,
+        context: Optional[ExecutionContext] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Provide an implementation of ``cursor.executemany(statement,
+        parameters)``."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def do_execute(
+        self,
+        cursor: DBAPICursor,
+        statement: str,
+        parameters: Optional[_DBAPISingleExecuteParams],
+        context: Optional[ExecutionContext] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Provide an implementation of ``cursor.execute(statement,
+        parameters)``."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def do_execute_no_params(
+        self,
+        cursor: DBAPICursor,
+        statement: str,
+        context: Optional[ExecutionContext] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Provide an implementation of ``cursor.execute(statement)``.
+
+        The parameter collection should not be sent.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def is_disconnect(
+        self,
+        e: DBAPIModule.Error,
+        connection: Optional[Union[PoolProxiedConnection, DBAPIConnection]],
+        cursor: Optional[DBAPICursor],
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the given DB-API error indicates an invalid
+        connection"""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def connect(self, *cargs: Any, **cparams: Any) -> DBAPIConnection:
+        r"""Establish a connection using this dialect's DBAPI.
+
+        The default implementation of this method is::
+
+            def connect(self, *cargs, **cparams):
+                return self.dbapi.connect(*cargs, **cparams)
+
+        The ``*cargs, **cparams`` parameters are generated directly
+        from this dialect's :meth:`.Dialect.create_connect_args` method.
+
+        This method may be used for dialects that need to perform programmatic
+        per-connection steps when a new connection is procured from the
+        DBAPI.
+
+
+        :param \*cargs: positional parameters returned from the
+         :meth:`.Dialect.create_connect_args` method
+
+        :param \*\*cparams: keyword parameters returned from the
+         :meth:`.Dialect.create_connect_args` method.
+
+        :return: a DBAPI connection, typically from the :pep:`249` module
+         level ``.connect()`` function.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+            :meth:`.Dialect.create_connect_args`
+
+            :meth:`.Dialect.on_connect`
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def on_connect_url(self, url: URL) -> Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]]:
+        """return a callable which sets up a newly created DBAPI connection.
+
+        This method is a new hook that supersedes the
+        :meth:`_engine.Dialect.on_connect` method when implemented by a
+        dialect.   When not implemented by a dialect, it invokes the
+        :meth:`_engine.Dialect.on_connect` method directly to maintain
+        compatibility with existing dialects.   There is no deprecation
+        for :meth:`_engine.Dialect.on_connect` expected.
+
+        The callable should accept a single argument "conn" which is the
+        DBAPI connection itself.  The inner callable has no
+        return value.
+
+        E.g.::
+
+            class MyDialect(default.DefaultDialect):
+                # ...
+
+                def on_connect_url(self, url):
+                    def do_on_connect(connection):
+                        connection.execute("SET SPECIAL FLAGS etc")
+
+                    return do_on_connect
+
+        This is used to set dialect-wide per-connection options such as
+        isolation modes, Unicode modes, etc.
+
+        This method differs from :meth:`_engine.Dialect.on_connect` in that
+        it is passed the :class:`_engine.URL` object that's relevant to the
+        connect args.  Normally the only way to get this is from the
+        :meth:`_engine.Dialect.on_connect` hook is to look on the
+        :class:`_engine.Engine` itself, however this URL object may have been
+        replaced by plugins.
+
+        .. note::
+
+            The default implementation of
+            :meth:`_engine.Dialect.on_connect_url` is to invoke the
+            :meth:`_engine.Dialect.on_connect` method. Therefore if a dialect
+            implements this method, the :meth:`_engine.Dialect.on_connect`
+            method **will not be called** unless the overriding dialect calls
+            it directly from here.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.4.3 added :meth:`_engine.Dialect.on_connect_url`
+           which normally calls into :meth:`_engine.Dialect.on_connect`.
+
+        :param url: a :class:`_engine.URL` object representing the
+         :class:`_engine.URL` that was passed to the
+         :meth:`_engine.Dialect.create_connect_args` method.
+
+        :return: a callable that accepts a single DBAPI connection as an
+         argument, or None.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+            :meth:`_engine.Dialect.on_connect`
+
+        """
+        return self.on_connect()
+
+    def on_connect(self) -> Optional[Callable[[Any], None]]:
+        """return a callable which sets up a newly created DBAPI connection.
+
+        The callable should accept a single argument "conn" which is the
+        DBAPI connection itself.  The inner callable has no
+        return value.
+
+        E.g.::
+
+            class MyDialect(default.DefaultDialect):
+                # ...
+
+                def on_connect(self):
+                    def do_on_connect(connection):
+                        connection.execute("SET SPECIAL FLAGS etc")
+
+                    return do_on_connect
+
+        This is used to set dialect-wide per-connection options such as
+        isolation modes, Unicode modes, etc.
+
+        The "do_on_connect" callable is invoked by using the
+        :meth:`_events.PoolEvents.connect` event
+        hook, then unwrapping the DBAPI connection and passing it into the
+        callable.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.4 the on_connect hook is no longer called twice
+           for the first connection of a dialect.  The on_connect hook is still
+           called before the :meth:`_engine.Dialect.initialize` method however.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 1.4.3 the on_connect hook is invoked from a new
+           method on_connect_url that passes the URL that was used to create
+           the connect args.   Dialects can implement on_connect_url instead
+           of on_connect if they need the URL object that was used for the
+           connection in order to get additional context.
+
+        If None is returned, no event listener is generated.
+
+        :return: a callable that accepts a single DBAPI connection as an
+         argument, or None.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+            :meth:`.Dialect.connect` - allows the DBAPI ``connect()`` sequence
+            itself to be controlled.
+
+            :meth:`.Dialect.on_connect_url` - supersedes
+            :meth:`.Dialect.on_connect` to also receive the
+            :class:`_engine.URL` object in context.
+
+        """
+        return None
+
+    def reset_isolation_level(self, dbapi_connection: DBAPIConnection) -> None:
+        """Given a DBAPI connection, revert its isolation to the default.
+
+        Note that this is a dialect-level method which is used as part
+        of the implementation of the :class:`_engine.Connection` and
+        :class:`_engine.Engine`
+        isolation level facilities; these APIs should be preferred for
+        most typical use cases.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+            :meth:`_engine.Connection.get_isolation_level`
+            - view current level
+
+            :attr:`_engine.Connection.default_isolation_level`
+            - view default level
+
+            :paramref:`.Connection.execution_options.isolation_level` -
+            set per :class:`_engine.Connection` isolation level
+
+            :paramref:`_sa.create_engine.isolation_level` -
+            set per :class:`_engine.Engine` isolation level
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def set_isolation_level(
+        self, dbapi_connection: DBAPIConnection, level: IsolationLevel
+    ) -> None:
+        """Given a DBAPI connection, set its isolation level.
+
+        Note that this is a dialect-level method which is used as part
+        of the implementation of the :class:`_engine.Connection` and
+        :class:`_engine.Engine`
+        isolation level facilities; these APIs should be preferred for
+        most typical use cases.
+
+        If the dialect also implements the
+        :meth:`.Dialect.get_isolation_level_values` method, then the given
+        level is guaranteed to be one of the string names within that sequence,
+        and the method will not need to anticipate a lookup failure.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+            :meth:`_engine.Connection.get_isolation_level`
+            - view current level
+
+            :attr:`_engine.Connection.default_isolation_level`
+            - view default level
+
+            :paramref:`.Connection.execution_options.isolation_level` -
+            set per :class:`_engine.Connection` isolation level
+
+            :paramref:`_sa.create_engine.isolation_level` -
+            set per :class:`_engine.Engine` isolation level
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_isolation_level(
+        self, dbapi_connection: DBAPIConnection
+    ) -> IsolationLevel:
+        """Given a DBAPI connection, return its isolation level.
+
+        When working with a :class:`_engine.Connection` object,
+        the corresponding
+        DBAPI connection may be procured using the
+        :attr:`_engine.Connection.connection` accessor.
+
+        Note that this is a dialect-level method which is used as part
+        of the implementation of the :class:`_engine.Connection` and
+        :class:`_engine.Engine` isolation level facilities;
+        these APIs should be preferred for most typical use cases.
+
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+            :meth:`_engine.Connection.get_isolation_level`
+            - view current level
+
+            :attr:`_engine.Connection.default_isolation_level`
+            - view default level
+
+            :paramref:`.Connection.execution_options.isolation_level` -
+            set per :class:`_engine.Connection` isolation level
+
+            :paramref:`_sa.create_engine.isolation_level` -
+            set per :class:`_engine.Engine` isolation level
+
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def detect_autocommit_setting(self, dbapi_conn: DBAPIConnection) -> bool:
+        """Detect the current autocommit setting for a DBAPI connection.
+
+        :param dbapi_connection: a DBAPI connection object
+        :return: True if autocommit is enabled, False if disabled
+        :rtype: bool
+
+        This method inspects the given DBAPI connection to determine
+        whether autocommit mode is currently enabled. The specific
+        mechanism for detecting autocommit varies by database dialect
+        and DBAPI driver, however it should be done **without** network
+        round trips.
+
+        .. note::
+
+            Not all dialects support autocommit detection. Dialects
+            that do not support this feature will raise
+            :exc:`NotImplementedError`.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "This dialect cannot detect autocommit on a DBAPI connection"
+        )
+
+    def get_default_isolation_level(
+        self, dbapi_conn: DBAPIConnection
+    ) -> IsolationLevel:
+        """Given a DBAPI connection, return its isolation level, or
+        a default isolation level if one cannot be retrieved.
+
+        This method may only raise NotImplementedError and
+        **must not raise any other exception**, as it is used implicitly upon
+        first connect.
+
+        The method **must return a value** for a dialect that supports
+        isolation level settings, as this level is what will be reverted
+        towards when a per-connection isolation level change is made.
+
+        The method defaults to using the :meth:`.Dialect.get_isolation_level`
+        method unless overridden by a dialect.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_isolation_level_values(
+        self, dbapi_conn: DBAPIConnection
+    ) -> Sequence[IsolationLevel]:
+        """return a sequence of string isolation level names that are accepted
+        by this dialect.
+
+        The available names should use the following conventions:
+
+        * use UPPERCASE names.   isolation level methods will accept lowercase
+          names but these are normalized into UPPERCASE before being passed
+          along to the dialect.
+        * separate words should be separated by spaces, not underscores, e.g.
+          ``REPEATABLE READ``.  isolation level names will have underscores
+          converted to spaces before being passed along to the dialect.
+        * The names for the four standard isolation names to the extent that
+          they are supported by the backend should be ``READ UNCOMMITTED``,
+          ``READ COMMITTED``, ``REPEATABLE READ``, ``SERIALIZABLE``
+        * if the dialect supports an autocommit option it should be provided
+          using the isolation level name ``AUTOCOMMIT``.
+        * Other isolation modes may also be present, provided that they
+          are named in UPPERCASE and use spaces not underscores.
+
+        This function is used so that the default dialect can check that
+        a given isolation level parameter is valid, else raises an
+        :class:`_exc.ArgumentError`.
+
+        A DBAPI connection is passed to the method, in the unlikely event that
+        the dialect needs to interrogate the connection itself to determine
+        this list, however it is expected that most backends will return
+        a hardcoded list of values.  If the dialect supports "AUTOCOMMIT",
+        that value should also be present in the sequence returned.
+
+        The method raises ``NotImplementedError`` by default.  If a dialect
+        does not implement this method, then the default dialect will not
+        perform any checking on a given isolation level value before passing
+        it onto the :meth:`.Dialect.set_isolation_level` method.  This is
+        to allow backwards-compatibility with third party dialects that may
+        not yet be implementing this method.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _assert_and_set_isolation_level(
+        self, dbapi_conn: DBAPIConnection, level: IsolationLevel
+    ) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_dialect_cls(cls, url: URL) -> Type[Dialect]:
+        """Given a URL, return the :class:`.Dialect` that will be used.
+
+        This is a hook that allows an external plugin to provide functionality
+        around an existing dialect, by allowing the plugin to be loaded
+        from the url based on an entrypoint, and then the plugin returns
+        the actual dialect to be used.
+
+        By default this just returns the cls.
+
+        """
+        return cls
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_async_dialect_cls(cls, url: URL) -> Type[Dialect]:
+        """Given a URL, return the :class:`.Dialect` that will be used by
+        an async engine.
+
+        By default this is an alias of :meth:`.Dialect.get_dialect_cls` and
+        just returns the cls. It may be used if a dialect provides
+        both a sync and async version under the same name, like the
+        ``psycopg`` driver.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+            :meth:`.Dialect.get_dialect_cls`
+
+        """
+        return cls.get_dialect_cls(url)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load_provisioning(cls) -> None:
+        """set up the provision.py module for this dialect.
+
+        For dialects that include a provision.py module that sets up
+        provisioning followers, this method should initiate that process.
+
+        A typical implementation would be::
+
+            @classmethod
+            def load_provisioning(cls):
+                __import__("mydialect.provision")
+
+        The default method assumes a module named ``provision.py`` inside
+        the owning package of the current dialect, based on the ``__module__``
+        attribute::
+
+            @classmethod
+            def load_provisioning(cls):
+                package = ".".join(cls.__module__.split(".")[0:-1])
+                try:
+                    __import__(package + ".provision")
+                except ImportError:
+                    pass
+
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def engine_created(cls, engine: Engine) -> None:
+        """A convenience hook called before returning the final
+        :class:`_engine.Engine`.
+
+        If the dialect returned a different class from the
+        :meth:`.get_dialect_cls`
+        method, then the hook is called on both classes, first on
+        the dialect class returned by the :meth:`.get_dialect_cls` method and
+        then on the class on which the method was called.
+
+        The hook should be used by dialects and/or wrappers to apply special
+        events to the engine or its components.   In particular, it allows
+        a dialect-wrapping class to apply dialect-level events.
+
+        """
+
+    def get_driver_connection(self, connection: DBAPIConnection) -> Any:
+        """Returns the connection object as returned by the external driver
+        package.
+
+        For normal dialects that use a DBAPI compliant driver this call
+        will just return the ``connection`` passed as argument.
+        For dialects that instead adapt a non DBAPI compliant driver, like
+        when adapting an asyncio driver, this call will return the
+        connection-like object as returned by the driver.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.4.24
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def set_engine_execution_options(
+        self, engine: Engine, opts: CoreExecuteOptionsParameter
+    ) -> None:
+        """Establish execution options for a given engine.
+
+        This is implemented by :class:`.DefaultDialect` to establish
+        event hooks for new :class:`.Connection` instances created
+        by the given :class:`.Engine` which will then invoke the
+        :meth:`.Dialect.set_connection_execution_options` method for that
+        connection.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def set_connection_execution_options(
+        self, connection: Connection, opts: CoreExecuteOptionsParameter
+    ) -> None:
+        """Establish execution options for a given connection.
+
+        This is implemented by :class:`.DefaultDialect` in order to implement
+        the :paramref:`_engine.Connection.execution_options.isolation_level`
+        execution option.  Dialects can intercept various execution options
+        which may need to modify state on a particular DBAPI connection.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.4
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_dialect_pool_class(self, url: URL) -> Type[Pool]:
+        """return a Pool class to use for a given URL"""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def validate_identifier(self, ident: str) -> None:
+        """Validates an identifier name, raising an exception if invalid"""
+
+
+class CreateEnginePlugin:
+    """A set of hooks intended to augment the construction of an
+    :class:`_engine.Engine` object based on entrypoint names in a URL.
+
+    The purpose of :class:`_engine.CreateEnginePlugin` is to allow third-party
+    systems to apply engine, pool and dialect level event listeners without
+    the need for the target application to be modified; instead, the plugin
+    names can be added to the database URL.  Target applications for
+    :class:`_engine.CreateEnginePlugin` include:
+
+    * connection and SQL performance tools, e.g. which use events to track
+      number of checkouts and/or time spent with statements
+
+    * connectivity plugins such as proxies
+
+    A rudimentary :class:`_engine.CreateEnginePlugin` that attaches a logger
+    to an :class:`_engine.Engine` object might look like::
+
+
+        import logging
+
+        from sqlalchemy.engine import CreateEnginePlugin
+        from sqlalchemy import event
+
+
+        class LogCursorEventsPlugin(CreateEnginePlugin):
+            def __init__(self, url, kwargs):
+                # consume the parameter "log_cursor_logging_name" from the
+                # URL query
+                logging_name = url.query.get(
+                    "log_cursor_logging_name", "log_cursor"
+                )
+
+                self.log = logging.getLogger(logging_name)
+
+            def update_url(self, url):
+                "update the URL to one that no longer includes our parameters"
+                return url.difference_update_query(["log_cursor_logging_name"])
+
+            def engine_created(self, engine):
+                "attach an event listener after the new Engine is constructed"
+                event.listen(engine, "before_cursor_execute", self._log_event)
+
+            def _log_event(
+                self,
+                conn,
+                cursor,
+                statement,
+                parameters,
+                context,
+                executemany,
+            ):
+
+                self.log.info("Plugin logged cursor event: %s", statement)
+
+    Plugins are registered using entry points in a similar way as that
+    of dialects::
+
+        entry_points = {
+            "sqlalchemy.plugins": [
+                "log_cursor_plugin = myapp.plugins:LogCursorEventsPlugin"
+            ]
+        }
+
+    A plugin that uses the above names would be invoked from a database
+    URL as in::
+
+        from sqlalchemy import create_engine
+
+        engine = create_engine(
+            "mysql+pymysql://scott:tiger@localhost/test?"
+            "plugin=log_cursor_plugin&log_cursor_logging_name=mylogger"
+        )
+
+    The ``plugin`` URL parameter supports multiple instances, so that a URL
+    may specify multiple plugins; they are loaded in the order stated
+    in the URL::
+
+        engine = create_engine(
+            "mysql+pymysql://scott:tiger@localhost/test?"
+            "plugin=plugin_one&plugin=plugin_twp&plugin=plugin_three"
+        )
+
+    The plugin names may also be passed directly to :func:`_sa.create_engine`
+    using the :paramref:`_sa.create_engine.plugins` argument::
+
+        engine = create_engine(
+            "mysql+pymysql://scott:tiger@localhost/test", plugins=["myplugin"]
+        )
+
+    A plugin may consume plugin-specific arguments from the
+    :class:`_engine.URL` object as well as the ``kwargs`` dictionary, which is
+    the dictionary of arguments passed to the :func:`_sa.create_engine`
+    call.  "Consuming" these arguments includes that they must be removed
+    when the plugin initializes, so that the arguments are not passed along
+    to the :class:`_engine.Dialect` constructor, where they will raise an
+    :class:`_exc.ArgumentError` because they are not known by the dialect.
+
+    As of version 1.4 of SQLAlchemy, arguments should continue to be consumed
+    from the ``kwargs`` dictionary directly, by removing the values with a
+    method such as ``dict.pop``. Arguments from the :class:`_engine.URL` object
+    should be consumed by implementing the
+    :meth:`_engine.CreateEnginePlugin.update_url` method, returning a new copy
+    of the :class:`_engine.URL` with plugin-specific parameters removed::
+
+        class MyPlugin(CreateEnginePlugin):
+            def __init__(self, url, kwargs):
+                self.my_argument_one = url.query["my_argument_one"]
+                self.my_argument_two = url.query["my_argument_two"]
+                self.my_argument_three = kwargs.pop("my_argument_three", None)
+
+            def update_url(self, url):
+                return url.difference_update_query(
+                    ["my_argument_one", "my_argument_two"]
+                )
+
+    Arguments like those illustrated above would be consumed from a
+    :func:`_sa.create_engine` call such as::
+
+        from sqlalchemy import create_engine
+
+        engine = create_engine(
+            "mysql+pymysql://scott:tiger@localhost/test?"
+            "plugin=myplugin&my_argument_one=foo&my_argument_two=bar",
+            my_argument_three="bat",
+        )
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.4
+
+        The :class:`_engine.URL` object is now immutable; a
+        :class:`_engine.CreateEnginePlugin` that needs to alter the
+        :class:`_engine.URL` should implement the newly added
+        :meth:`_engine.CreateEnginePlugin.update_url` method, which
+        is invoked after the plugin is constructed.
+
+        For migration, construct the plugin in the following way, checking
+        for the existence of the :meth:`_engine.CreateEnginePlugin.update_url`
+        method to detect which version is running::
+
+            class MyPlugin(CreateEnginePlugin):
+                def __init__(self, url, kwargs):
+                    if hasattr(CreateEnginePlugin, "update_url"):
+                        # detect the 1.4 API
+                        self.my_argument_one = url.query["my_argument_one"]
+                        self.my_argument_two = url.query["my_argument_two"]
+                    else:
+                        # detect the 1.3 and earlier API - mutate the
+                        # URL directly
+                        self.my_argument_one = url.query.pop("my_argument_one")
+                        self.my_argument_two = url.query.pop("my_argument_two")
+
+                    self.my_argument_three = kwargs.pop("my_argument_three", None)
+
+                def update_url(self, url):
+                    # this method is only called in the 1.4 version
+                    return url.difference_update_query(
+                        ["my_argument_one", "my_argument_two"]
+                    )
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+            :ref:`change_5526` - overview of the :class:`_engine.URL` change which
+            also includes notes regarding :class:`_engine.CreateEnginePlugin`.
+
+
+    When the engine creation process completes and produces the
+    :class:`_engine.Engine` object, it is again passed to the plugin via the
+    :meth:`_engine.CreateEnginePlugin.engine_created` hook.  In this hook, additional
+    changes can be made to the engine, most typically involving setup of
+    events (e.g. those defined in :ref:`core_event_toplevel`).
+
+    """  # noqa: E501
+
+    def __init__(self, url: URL, kwargs: Dict[str, Any]):
+        """Construct a new :class:`.CreateEnginePlugin`.
+
+        The plugin object is instantiated individually for each call
+        to :func:`_sa.create_engine`.  A single :class:`_engine.
+        Engine` will be
+        passed to the :meth:`.CreateEnginePlugin.engine_created` method
+        corresponding to this URL.
+
+        :param url: the :class:`_engine.URL` object.  The plugin may inspect
+         the :class:`_engine.URL` for arguments.  Arguments used by the
+         plugin should be removed, by returning an updated :class:`_engine.URL`
+         from the :meth:`_engine.CreateEnginePlugin.update_url` method.
+
+         .. versionchanged::  1.4
+
+            The :class:`_engine.URL` object is now immutable, so a
+            :class:`_engine.CreateEnginePlugin` that needs to alter the
+            :class:`_engine.URL` object should implement the
+            :meth:`_engine.CreateEnginePlugin.update_url` method.
+
+        :param kwargs: The keyword arguments passed to
+         :func:`_sa.create_engine`.
+
+        """
+        self.url = url
+
+    def update_url(self, url: URL) -> URL:
+        """Update the :class:`_engine.URL`.
+
+        A new :class:`_engine.URL` should be returned.   This method is
+        typically used to consume configuration arguments from the
+        :class:`_engine.URL` which must be removed, as they will not be
+        recognized by the dialect.  The
+        :meth:`_engine.URL.difference_update_query` method is available
+        to remove these arguments.   See the docstring at
+        :class:`_engine.CreateEnginePlugin` for an example.
+
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.4
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def handle_dialect_kwargs(
+        self, dialect_cls: Type[Dialect], dialect_args: Dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        """parse and modify dialect kwargs"""
+
+    def handle_pool_kwargs(
+        self, pool_cls: Type[Pool], pool_args: Dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        """parse and modify pool kwargs"""
+
+    def engine_created(self, engine: Engine) -> None:
+        """Receive the :class:`_engine.Engine`
+        object when it is fully constructed.
+
+        The plugin may make additional changes to the engine, such as
+        registering engine or connection pool events.
+
+        """
+
+
+class ExecutionContext:
+    """A messenger object for a Dialect that corresponds to a single
+    execution.
+
+    """
+
+    engine: Engine
+    """engine which the Connection is associated with"""
+
+    connection: Connection
+    """Connection object which can be freely used by default value
+      generators to execute SQL.  This Connection should reference the
+      same underlying connection/transactional resources of
+      root_connection."""
+
+    root_connection: Connection
+    """Connection object which is the source of this ExecutionContext."""
+
+    dialect: Dialect
+    """dialect which created this ExecutionContext."""
+
+    cursor: DBAPICursor
+    """DB-API cursor procured from the connection"""
+
+    compiled: Optional[Compiled]
+    """if passed to constructor, sqlalchemy.engine.base.Compiled object
+      being executed"""
+
+    statement: str
+    """string version of the statement to be executed.  Is either
+      passed to the constructor, or must be created from the
+      sql.Compiled object by the time pre_exec() has completed."""
+
+    invoked_statement: Optional[Executable]
+    """The Executable statement object that was given in the first place.
+
+    This should be structurally equivalent to compiled.statement, but not
+    necessarily the same object as in a caching scenario the compiled form
+    will have been extracted from the cache.
+
+    """
+
+    parameters: _AnyMultiExecuteParams
+    """bind parameters passed to the execute() or exec_driver_sql() methods.
+
+    These are always stored as a list of parameter entries.  A single-element
+    list corresponds to a ``cursor.execute()`` call and a multiple-element
+    list corresponds to ``cursor.executemany()``, except in the case
+    of :attr:`.ExecuteStyle.INSERTMANYVALUES` which will use
+    ``cursor.execute()`` one or more times.
+
+    """
+
+    no_parameters: bool
+    """True if the execution style does not use parameters"""
+
+    isinsert: bool
+    """True if the statement is an INSERT."""
+
+    isupdate: bool
+    """True if the statement is an UPDATE."""
+
+    execute_style: ExecuteStyle
+    """the style of DBAPI cursor method that will be used to execute
+    a statement.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    """
+
+    executemany: bool
+    """True if the context has a list of more than one parameter set.
+
+    Historically this attribute links to whether ``cursor.execute()`` or
+    ``cursor.executemany()`` will be used.  It also can now mean that
+    "insertmanyvalues" may be used which indicates one or more
+    ``cursor.execute()`` calls.
+
+    """
+
+    prefetch_cols: util.generic_fn_descriptor[Optional[Sequence[Column[Any]]]]
+    """a list of Column objects for which a client-side default
+      was fired off.  Applies to inserts and updates."""
+
+    postfetch_cols: util.generic_fn_descriptor[Optional[Sequence[Column[Any]]]]
+    """a list of Column objects for which a server-side default or
+      inline SQL expression value was fired off.  Applies to inserts
+      and updates."""
+
+    execution_options: _ExecuteOptions
+    """Execution options associated with the current statement execution"""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _init_ddl(
+        cls,
+        dialect: Dialect,
+        connection: Connection,
+        dbapi_connection: PoolProxiedConnection,
+        execution_options: _ExecuteOptions,
+        compiled_ddl: DDLCompiler,
+    ) -> ExecutionContext:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _init_compiled(
+        cls,
+        dialect: Dialect,
+        connection: Connection,
+        dbapi_connection: PoolProxiedConnection,
+        execution_options: _ExecuteOptions,
+        compiled: SQLCompiler,
+        parameters: _CoreMultiExecuteParams,
+        invoked_statement: Executable,
+        extracted_parameters: Optional[Sequence[BindParameter[Any]]],
+        cache_hit: CacheStats = CacheStats.CACHING_DISABLED,
+    ) -> ExecutionContext:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _init_statement(
+        cls,
+        dialect: Dialect,
+        connection: Connection,
+        dbapi_connection: PoolProxiedConnection,
+        execution_options: _ExecuteOptions,
+        statement: str,
+        parameters: _DBAPIMultiExecuteParams,
+    ) -> ExecutionContext:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _init_default(
+        cls,
+        dialect: Dialect,
+        connection: Connection,
+        dbapi_connection: PoolProxiedConnection,
+        execution_options: _ExecuteOptions,
+    ) -> ExecutionContext:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _exec_default(
+        self,
+        column: Optional[Column[Any]],
+        default: DefaultGenerator,
+        type_: Optional[TypeEngine[Any]],
+    ) -> Any:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _prepare_set_input_sizes(
+        self,
+    ) -> Optional[List[Tuple[str, Any, TypeEngine[Any]]]]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _get_cache_stats(self) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def _setup_result_proxy(self) -> CursorResult[Any]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def fire_sequence(self, seq: Sequence_SchemaItem, type_: Integer) -> int:
+        """given a :class:`.Sequence`, invoke it and return the next int
+        value"""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def create_cursor(self) -> DBAPICursor:
+        """Return a new cursor generated from this ExecutionContext's
+        connection.
+
+        Some dialects may wish to change the behavior of
+        connection.cursor(), such as postgresql which may return a PG
+        "server side" cursor.
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def pre_exec(self) -> None:
+        """Called before an execution of a compiled statement.
+
+        If a compiled statement was passed to this ExecutionContext,
+        the `statement` and `parameters` datamembers must be
+        initialized after this statement is complete.
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_out_parameter_values(
+        self, out_param_names: Sequence[str]
+    ) -> Sequence[Any]:
+        """Return a sequence of OUT parameter values from a cursor.
+
+        For dialects that support OUT parameters, this method will be called
+        when there is a :class:`.SQLCompiler` object which has the
+        :attr:`.SQLCompiler.has_out_parameters` flag set.  This flag in turn
+        will be set to True if the statement itself has :class:`.BindParameter`
+        objects that have the ``.isoutparam`` flag set which are consumed by
+        the :meth:`.SQLCompiler.visit_bindparam` method.  If the dialect
+        compiler produces :class:`.BindParameter` objects with ``.isoutparam``
+        set which are not handled by :meth:`.SQLCompiler.visit_bindparam`, it
+        should set this flag explicitly.
+
+        The list of names that were rendered for each bound parameter
+        is passed to the method.  The method should then return a sequence of
+        values corresponding to the list of parameter objects. Unlike in
+        previous SQLAlchemy versions, the values can be the **raw values** from
+        the DBAPI; the execution context will apply the appropriate type
+        handler based on what's present in self.compiled.binds and update the
+        values.  The processed dictionary will then be made available via the
+        ``.out_parameters`` collection on the result object.  Note that
+        SQLAlchemy 1.4 has multiple kinds of result object as part of the 2.0
+        transition.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.4 - added
+           :meth:`.ExecutionContext.get_out_parameter_values`, which is invoked
+           automatically by the :class:`.DefaultExecutionContext` when there
+           are :class:`.BindParameter` objects with the ``.isoutparam`` flag
+           set.  This replaces the practice of setting out parameters within
+           the now-removed ``get_result_proxy()`` method.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def post_exec(self) -> None:
+        """Called after the execution of a compiled statement.
+
+        If a compiled statement was passed to this ExecutionContext,
+        the `last_insert_ids`, `last_inserted_params`, etc.
+        datamembers should be available after this method completes.
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def handle_dbapi_exception(self, e: BaseException) -> None:
+        """Receive a DBAPI exception which occurred upon execute, result
+        fetch, etc."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def lastrow_has_defaults(self) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the last INSERT or UPDATE row contained
+        inlined or database-side defaults.
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_rowcount(self) -> Optional[int]:
+        """Return the DBAPI ``cursor.rowcount`` value, or in some
+        cases an interpreted value.
+
+        See :attr:`_engine.CursorResult.rowcount` for details on this.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def fetchall_for_returning(self, cursor: DBAPICursor) -> Sequence[Any]:
+        """For a RETURNING result, deliver cursor.fetchall() from the
+        DBAPI cursor.
+
+        This is a dialect-specific hook for dialects that have special
+        considerations when calling upon the rows delivered for a
+        "RETURNING" statement.   Default implementation is
+        ``cursor.fetchall()``.
+
+        This hook is currently used only by the :term:`insertmanyvalues`
+        feature.   Dialects that don't set ``use_insertmanyvalues=True``
+        don't need to consider this hook.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0.10
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class ConnectionEventsTarget(EventTarget):
+    """An object which can accept events from :class:`.ConnectionEvents`.
+
+    Includes :class:`_engine.Connection` and :class:`_engine.Engine`.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    """
+
+    dispatch: dispatcher[ConnectionEventsTarget]
+
+
+Connectable = ConnectionEventsTarget
+
+
+class ExceptionContext:
+    """Encapsulate information about an error condition in progress.
+
+    This object exists solely to be passed to the
+    :meth:`_events.DialectEvents.handle_error` event,
+    supporting an interface that
+    can be extended without backwards-incompatibility.
+
+
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    dialect: Dialect
+    """The :class:`_engine.Dialect` in use.
+
+    This member is present for all invocations of the event hook.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    """
+
+    connection: Optional[Connection]
+    """The :class:`_engine.Connection` in use during the exception.
+
+    This member is present, except in the case of a failure when
+    first connecting.
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+        :attr:`.ExceptionContext.engine`
+
+
+    """
+
+    engine: Optional[Engine]
+    """The :class:`_engine.Engine` in use during the exception.
+
+    This member is present in all cases except for when handling an error
+    within the connection pool "pre-ping" process.
+
+    """
+
+    cursor: Optional[DBAPICursor]
+    """The DBAPI cursor object.
+
+    May be None.
+
+    """
+
+    statement: Optional[str]
+    """String SQL statement that was emitted directly to the DBAPI.
+
+    May be None.
+
+    """
+
+    parameters: Optional[_DBAPIAnyExecuteParams]
+    """Parameter collection that was emitted directly to the DBAPI.
+
+    May be None.
+
+    """
+
+    original_exception: BaseException
+    """The exception object which was caught.
+
+    This member is always present.
+
+    """
+
+    sqlalchemy_exception: Optional[StatementError]
+    """The :class:`sqlalchemy.exc.StatementError` which wraps the original,
+    and will be raised if exception handling is not circumvented by the event.
+
+    May be None, as not all exception types are wrapped by SQLAlchemy.
+    For DBAPI-level exceptions that subclass the dbapi's Error class, this
+    field will always be present.
+
+    """
+
+    chained_exception: Optional[BaseException]
+    """The exception that was returned by the previous handler in the
+    exception chain, if any.
+
+    If present, this exception will be the one ultimately raised by
+    SQLAlchemy unless a subsequent handler replaces it.
+
+    May be None.
+
+    """
+
+    execution_context: Optional[ExecutionContext]
+    """The :class:`.ExecutionContext` corresponding to the execution
+    operation in progress.
+
+    This is present for statement execution operations, but not for
+    operations such as transaction begin/end.  It also is not present when
+    the exception was raised before the :class:`.ExecutionContext`
+    could be constructed.
+
+    Note that the :attr:`.ExceptionContext.statement` and
+    :attr:`.ExceptionContext.parameters` members may represent a
+    different value than that of the :class:`.ExecutionContext`,
+    potentially in the case where a
+    :meth:`_events.ConnectionEvents.before_cursor_execute` event or similar
+    modified the statement/parameters to be sent.
+
+    May be None.
+
+    """
+
+    is_disconnect: bool
+    """Represent whether the exception as occurred represents a "disconnect"
+    condition.
+
+    This flag will always be True or False within the scope of the
+    :meth:`_events.DialectEvents.handle_error` handler.
+
+    SQLAlchemy will defer to this flag in order to determine whether or not
+    the connection should be invalidated subsequently.    That is, by
+    assigning to this flag, a "disconnect" event which then results in
+    a connection and pool invalidation can be invoked or prevented by
+    changing this flag.
+
+
+    .. note:: The pool "pre_ping" handler enabled using the
+        :paramref:`_sa.create_engine.pool_pre_ping` parameter does **not**
+        consult this event before deciding if the "ping" returned false,
+        as opposed to receiving an unhandled error.   For this use case, the
+        :ref:`legacy recipe based on engine_connect() may be used
+        <pool_disconnects_pessimistic_custom>`.  A future API allow more
+        comprehensive customization of the "disconnect" detection mechanism
+        across all functions.
+
+    """
+
+    invalidate_pool_on_disconnect: bool
+    """Represent whether all connections in the pool should be invalidated
+    when a "disconnect" condition is in effect.
+
+    Setting this flag to False within the scope of the
+    :meth:`_events.DialectEvents.handle_error`
+    event will have the effect such
+    that the full collection of connections in the pool will not be
+    invalidated during a disconnect; only the current connection that is the
+    subject of the error will actually be invalidated.
+
+    The purpose of this flag is for custom disconnect-handling schemes where
+    the invalidation of other connections in the pool is to be performed
+    based on other conditions, or even on a per-connection basis.
+
+    """
+
+    is_pre_ping: bool
+    """Indicates if this error is occurring within the "pre-ping" step
+    performed when :paramref:`_sa.create_engine.pool_pre_ping` is set to
+    ``True``.  In this mode, the :attr:`.ExceptionContext.engine` attribute
+    will be ``None``.  The dialect in use is accessible via the
+    :attr:`.ExceptionContext.dialect` attribute.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0.5
+
+    """
+
+
+class AdaptedConnection:
+    """Interface of an adapted connection object to support the DBAPI protocol.
+
+    Used by asyncio dialects to provide a sync-style pep-249 facade on top
+    of the asyncio connection/cursor API provided by the driver.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 1.4.24
+
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("_connection",)
+
+    _connection: AsyncIODBAPIConnection
+
+    @property
+    def driver_connection(self) -> Any:
+        """The connection object as returned by the driver after a connect."""
+        return self._connection
+
+    def run_async(self, fn: Callable[[Any], Awaitable[_T]]) -> _T:
+        """Run the awaitable returned by the given function, which is passed
+        the raw asyncio driver connection.
+
+        This is used to invoke awaitable-only methods on the driver connection
+        within the context of a "synchronous" method, like a connection
+        pool event handler.
+
+        E.g.::
+
+            engine = create_async_engine(...)
+
+
+            @event.listens_for(engine.sync_engine, "connect")
+            def register_custom_types(
+                dbapi_connection,  # ...
+            ):
+                dbapi_connection.run_async(
+                    lambda connection: connection.set_type_codec(
+                        "MyCustomType", encoder, decoder, ...
+                    )
+                )
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.4.30
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+            :ref:`asyncio_events_run_async`
+
+        """
+        return await_(fn(self._connection))
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "<AdaptedConnection %s>" % self._connection