SQLAlchemy 2.0.47__cp313-cp313t-win32.whl

sqlalchemy/engine/url.py

@@ -0,0 +1,924 @@
+# engine/url.py
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2026 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
+# <see AUTHORS file>
+#
+# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
+# the MIT License: https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
+
+"""Provides the :class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.url.URL` class which encapsulates
+information about a database connection specification.
+
+The URL object is created automatically when
+:func:`~sqlalchemy.engine.create_engine` is called with a string
+argument; alternatively, the URL is a public-facing construct which can
+be used directly and is also accepted directly by ``create_engine()``.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections.abc as collections_abc
+import re
+from typing import Any
+from typing import cast
+from typing import Dict
+from typing import Iterable
+from typing import List
+from typing import Mapping
+from typing import NamedTuple
+from typing import Optional
+from typing import overload
+from typing import Sequence
+from typing import Tuple
+from typing import Type
+from typing import Union
+from urllib.parse import parse_qsl
+from urllib.parse import quote
+from urllib.parse import quote_plus
+from urllib.parse import unquote
+
+from .interfaces import Dialect
+from .. import exc
+from .. import util
+from ..dialects import plugins
+from ..dialects import registry
+
+
+class URL(NamedTuple):
+    """
+    Represent the components of a URL used to connect to a database.
+
+    URLs are typically constructed from a fully formatted URL string, where the
+    :func:`.make_url` function is used internally by the
+    :func:`_sa.create_engine` function in order to parse the URL string into
+    its individual components, which are then used to construct a new
+    :class:`.URL` object. When parsing from a formatted URL string, the parsing
+    format generally follows
+    `RFC-1738 <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt>`_, with some exceptions.
+
+    A :class:`_engine.URL` object may also be produced directly, either by
+    using the :func:`.make_url` function with a fully formed URL string, or
+    by using the :meth:`_engine.URL.create` constructor in order
+    to construct a :class:`_engine.URL` programmatically given individual
+    fields. The resulting :class:`.URL` object may be passed directly to
+    :func:`_sa.create_engine` in place of a string argument, which will bypass
+    the usage of :func:`.make_url` within the engine's creation process.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.4
+
+        The :class:`_engine.URL` object is now an immutable object.  To
+        create a URL, use the :func:`_engine.make_url` or
+        :meth:`_engine.URL.create` function / method.  To modify
+        a :class:`_engine.URL`, use methods like
+        :meth:`_engine.URL.set` and
+        :meth:`_engine.URL.update_query_dict` to return a new
+        :class:`_engine.URL` object with modifications.   See notes for this
+        change at :ref:`change_5526`.
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+        :ref:`database_urls`
+
+    :class:`_engine.URL` contains the following attributes:
+
+    * :attr:`_engine.URL.drivername`: database backend and driver name, such as
+      ``postgresql+psycopg2``
+    * :attr:`_engine.URL.username`: username string
+    * :attr:`_engine.URL.password`: password string
+    * :attr:`_engine.URL.host`: string hostname
+    * :attr:`_engine.URL.port`: integer port number
+    * :attr:`_engine.URL.database`: string database name
+    * :attr:`_engine.URL.query`: an immutable mapping representing the query
+      string.  contains strings for keys and either strings or tuples of
+      strings for values.
+
+
+    """
+
+    drivername: str
+    """database backend and driver name, such as
+    ``postgresql+psycopg2``
+
+    """
+
+    username: Optional[str]
+    "username string"
+
+    password: Optional[str]
+    """password, which is normally a string but may also be any
+    object that has a ``__str__()`` method."""
+
+    host: Optional[str]
+    """hostname or IP number.  May also be a data source name for some
+    drivers."""
+
+    port: Optional[int]
+    """integer port number"""
+
+    database: Optional[str]
+    """database name"""
+
+    query: util.immutabledict[str, Union[Tuple[str, ...], str]]
+    """an immutable mapping representing the query string.  contains strings
+       for keys and either strings or tuples of strings for values, e.g.::
+
+            >>> from sqlalchemy.engine import make_url
+            >>> url = make_url(
+            ...     "postgresql+psycopg2://user:pass@host/dbname?alt_host=host1&alt_host=host2&ssl_cipher=%2Fpath%2Fto%2Fcrt"
+            ... )
+            >>> url.query
+            immutabledict({'alt_host': ('host1', 'host2'), 'ssl_cipher': '/path/to/crt'})
+
+         To create a mutable copy of this mapping, use the ``dict`` constructor::
+
+            mutable_query_opts = dict(url.query)
+
+       .. seealso::
+
+          :attr:`_engine.URL.normalized_query` - normalizes all values into sequences
+          for consistent processing
+
+          Methods for altering the contents of :attr:`_engine.URL.query`:
+
+          :meth:`_engine.URL.update_query_dict`
+
+          :meth:`_engine.URL.update_query_string`
+
+          :meth:`_engine.URL.update_query_pairs`
+
+          :meth:`_engine.URL.difference_update_query`
+
+    """  # noqa: E501
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create(
+        cls,
+        drivername: str,
+        username: Optional[str] = None,
+        password: Optional[str] = None,
+        host: Optional[str] = None,
+        port: Optional[int] = None,
+        database: Optional[str] = None,
+        query: Mapping[str, Union[Sequence[str], str]] = util.EMPTY_DICT,
+    ) -> URL:
+        """Create a new :class:`_engine.URL` object.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+            :ref:`database_urls`
+
+        :param drivername: the name of the database backend. This name will
+          correspond to a module in sqlalchemy/databases or a third party
+          plug-in.
+        :param username: The user name.
+        :param password: database password.  Is typically a string, but may
+          also be an object that can be stringified with ``str()``.
+
+          .. note:: The password string should **not** be URL encoded when
+             passed as an argument to :meth:`_engine.URL.create`; the string
+             should contain the password characters exactly as they would be
+             typed.
+
+          .. note::  A password-producing object will be stringified only
+             **once** per :class:`_engine.Engine` object.  For dynamic password
+             generation per connect, see :ref:`engines_dynamic_tokens`.
+
+        :param host: The name of the host.
+        :param port: The port number.
+        :param database: The database name.
+        :param query: A dictionary of string keys to string values to be passed
+          to the dialect and/or the DBAPI upon connect.   To specify non-string
+          parameters to a Python DBAPI directly, use the
+          :paramref:`_sa.create_engine.connect_args` parameter to
+          :func:`_sa.create_engine`.   See also
+          :attr:`_engine.URL.normalized_query` for a dictionary that is
+          consistently string->list of string.
+        :return: new :class:`_engine.URL` object.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.4
+
+            The :class:`_engine.URL` object is now an **immutable named
+            tuple**.  In addition, the ``query`` dictionary is also immutable.
+            To create a URL, use the :func:`_engine.url.make_url` or
+            :meth:`_engine.URL.create` function/ method.  To modify a
+            :class:`_engine.URL`, use the :meth:`_engine.URL.set` and
+            :meth:`_engine.URL.update_query` methods.
+
+        """
+
+        return cls(
+            cls._assert_str(drivername, "drivername"),
+            cls._assert_none_str(username, "username"),
+            password,
+            cls._assert_none_str(host, "host"),
+            cls._assert_port(port),
+            cls._assert_none_str(database, "database"),
+            cls._str_dict(query),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _assert_port(cls, port: Optional[int]) -> Optional[int]:
+        if port is None:
+            return None
+        try:
+            return int(port)
+        except TypeError:
+            raise TypeError("Port argument must be an integer or None")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _assert_str(cls, v: str, paramname: str) -> str:
+        if not isinstance(v, str):
+            raise TypeError("%s must be a string" % paramname)
+        return v
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _assert_none_str(
+        cls, v: Optional[str], paramname: str
+    ) -> Optional[str]:
+        if v is None:
+            return v
+
+        return cls._assert_str(v, paramname)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _str_dict(
+        cls,
+        dict_: Optional[
+            Union[
+                Sequence[Tuple[str, Union[Sequence[str], str]]],
+                Mapping[str, Union[Sequence[str], str]],
+            ]
+        ],
+    ) -> util.immutabledict[str, Union[Tuple[str, ...], str]]:
+        if dict_ is None:
+            return util.EMPTY_DICT
+
+        @overload
+        def _assert_value(
+            val: str,
+        ) -> str: ...
+
+        @overload
+        def _assert_value(
+            val: Sequence[str],
+        ) -> Union[str, Tuple[str, ...]]: ...
+
+        def _assert_value(
+            val: Union[str, Sequence[str]],
+        ) -> Union[str, Tuple[str, ...]]:
+            if isinstance(val, str):
+                return val
+            elif isinstance(val, collections_abc.Sequence):
+                return tuple(_assert_value(elem) for elem in val)
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "Query dictionary values must be strings or "
+                    "sequences of strings"
+                )
+
+        def _assert_str(v: str) -> str:
+            if not isinstance(v, str):
+                raise TypeError("Query dictionary keys must be strings")
+            return v
+
+        dict_items: Iterable[Tuple[str, Union[Sequence[str], str]]]
+        if isinstance(dict_, collections_abc.Sequence):
+            dict_items = dict_
+        else:
+            dict_items = dict_.items()
+
+        return util.immutabledict(
+            {
+                _assert_str(key): _assert_value(
+                    value,
+                )
+                for key, value in dict_items
+            }
+        )
+
+    def set(
+        self,
+        drivername: Optional[str] = None,
+        username: Optional[str] = None,
+        password: Optional[str] = None,
+        host: Optional[str] = None,
+        port: Optional[int] = None,
+        database: Optional[str] = None,
+        query: Optional[Mapping[str, Union[Sequence[str], str]]] = None,
+    ) -> URL:
+        """return a new :class:`_engine.URL` object with modifications.
+
+        Values are used if they are non-None.  To set a value to ``None``
+        explicitly, use the :meth:`_engine.URL._replace` method adapted
+        from ``namedtuple``.
+
+        :param drivername: new drivername
+        :param username: new username
+        :param password: new password
+        :param host: new hostname
+        :param port: new port
+        :param query: new query parameters, passed a dict of string keys
+         referring to string or sequence of string values.  Fully
+         replaces the previous list of arguments.
+
+        :return: new :class:`_engine.URL` object.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.4
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+            :meth:`_engine.URL.update_query_dict`
+
+        """
+
+        kw: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        if drivername is not None:
+            kw["drivername"] = drivername
+        if username is not None:
+            kw["username"] = username
+        if password is not None:
+            kw["password"] = password
+        if host is not None:
+            kw["host"] = host
+        if port is not None:
+            kw["port"] = port
+        if database is not None:
+            kw["database"] = database
+        if query is not None:
+            kw["query"] = query
+
+        return self._assert_replace(**kw)
+
+    def _assert_replace(self, **kw: Any) -> URL:
+        """argument checks before calling _replace()"""
+
+        if "drivername" in kw:
+            self._assert_str(kw["drivername"], "drivername")
+        for name in "username", "host", "database":
+            if name in kw:
+                self._assert_none_str(kw[name], name)
+        if "port" in kw:
+            self._assert_port(kw["port"])
+        if "query" in kw:
+            kw["query"] = self._str_dict(kw["query"])
+
+        return self._replace(**kw)
+
+    def update_query_string(
+        self, query_string: str, append: bool = False
+    ) -> URL:
+        """Return a new :class:`_engine.URL` object with the :attr:`_engine.URL.query`
+        parameter dictionary updated by the given query string.
+
+        E.g.::
+
+            >>> from sqlalchemy.engine import make_url
+            >>> url = make_url("postgresql+psycopg2://user:pass@host/dbname")
+            >>> url = url.update_query_string(
+            ...     "alt_host=host1&alt_host=host2&ssl_cipher=%2Fpath%2Fto%2Fcrt"
+            ... )
+            >>> str(url)
+            'postgresql+psycopg2://user:pass@host/dbname?alt_host=host1&alt_host=host2&ssl_cipher=%2Fpath%2Fto%2Fcrt'
+
+        :param query_string: a URL escaped query string, not including the
+         question mark.
+
+        :param append: if True, parameters in the existing query string will
+         not be removed; new parameters will be in addition to those present.
+         If left at its default of False, keys present in the given query
+         parameters will replace those of the existing query string.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.4
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+            :attr:`_engine.URL.query`
+
+            :meth:`_engine.URL.update_query_dict`
+
+        """  # noqa: E501
+        return self.update_query_pairs(parse_qsl(query_string), append=append)
+
+    def update_query_pairs(
+        self,
+        key_value_pairs: Iterable[Tuple[str, Union[str, List[str]]]],
+        append: bool = False,
+    ) -> URL:
+        """Return a new :class:`_engine.URL` object with the
+        :attr:`_engine.URL.query`
+        parameter dictionary updated by the given sequence of key/value pairs
+
+        E.g.::
+
+            >>> from sqlalchemy.engine import make_url
+            >>> url = make_url("postgresql+psycopg2://user:pass@host/dbname")
+            >>> url = url.update_query_pairs(
+            ...     [
+            ...         ("alt_host", "host1"),
+            ...         ("alt_host", "host2"),
+            ...         ("ssl_cipher", "/path/to/crt"),
+            ...     ]
+            ... )
+            >>> str(url)
+            'postgresql+psycopg2://user:pass@host/dbname?alt_host=host1&alt_host=host2&ssl_cipher=%2Fpath%2Fto%2Fcrt'
+
+        :param key_value_pairs: A sequence of tuples containing two strings
+         each.
+
+        :param append: if True, parameters in the existing query string will
+         not be removed; new parameters will be in addition to those present.
+         If left at its default of False, keys present in the given query
+         parameters will replace those of the existing query string.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.4
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+            :attr:`_engine.URL.query`
+
+            :meth:`_engine.URL.difference_update_query`
+
+            :meth:`_engine.URL.set`
+
+        """  # noqa: E501
+
+        existing_query = self.query
+        new_keys: Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]] = {}
+
+        for key, value in key_value_pairs:
+            if key in new_keys:
+                new_keys[key] = util.to_list(new_keys[key])
+                cast("List[str]", new_keys[key]).append(cast(str, value))
+            else:
+                new_keys[key] = (
+                    list(value) if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)) else value
+                )
+
+        new_query: Mapping[str, Union[str, Sequence[str]]]
+        if append:
+            new_query = {}
+
+            for k in new_keys:
+                if k in existing_query:
+                    new_query[k] = tuple(
+                        util.to_list(existing_query[k])
+                        + util.to_list(new_keys[k])
+                    )
+                else:
+                    new_query[k] = new_keys[k]
+
+            new_query.update(
+                {
+                    k: existing_query[k]
+                    for k in set(existing_query).difference(new_keys)
+                }
+            )
+        else:
+            new_query = self.query.union(
+                {
+                    k: tuple(v) if isinstance(v, list) else v
+                    for k, v in new_keys.items()
+                }
+            )
+        return self.set(query=new_query)
+
+    def update_query_dict(
+        self,
+        query_parameters: Mapping[str, Union[str, List[str]]],
+        append: bool = False,
+    ) -> URL:
+        """Return a new :class:`_engine.URL` object with the
+        :attr:`_engine.URL.query` parameter dictionary updated by the given
+        dictionary.
+
+        The dictionary typically contains string keys and string values.
+        In order to represent a query parameter that is expressed multiple
+        times, pass a sequence of string values.
+
+        E.g.::
+
+
+            >>> from sqlalchemy.engine import make_url
+            >>> url = make_url("postgresql+psycopg2://user:pass@host/dbname")
+            >>> url = url.update_query_dict(
+            ...     {"alt_host": ["host1", "host2"], "ssl_cipher": "/path/to/crt"}
+            ... )
+            >>> str(url)
+            'postgresql+psycopg2://user:pass@host/dbname?alt_host=host1&alt_host=host2&ssl_cipher=%2Fpath%2Fto%2Fcrt'
+
+
+        :param query_parameters: A dictionary with string keys and values
+         that are either strings, or sequences of strings.
+
+        :param append: if True, parameters in the existing query string will
+         not be removed; new parameters will be in addition to those present.
+         If left at its default of False, keys present in the given query
+         parameters will replace those of the existing query string.
+
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.4
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+            :attr:`_engine.URL.query`
+
+            :meth:`_engine.URL.update_query_string`
+
+            :meth:`_engine.URL.update_query_pairs`
+
+            :meth:`_engine.URL.difference_update_query`
+
+            :meth:`_engine.URL.set`
+
+        """  # noqa: E501
+        return self.update_query_pairs(query_parameters.items(), append=append)
+
+    def difference_update_query(self, names: Iterable[str]) -> URL:
+        """
+        Remove the given names from the :attr:`_engine.URL.query` dictionary,
+        returning the new :class:`_engine.URL`.
+
+        E.g.::
+
+            url = url.difference_update_query(["foo", "bar"])
+
+        Equivalent to using :meth:`_engine.URL.set` as follows::
+
+            url = url.set(
+                query={
+                    key: url.query[key]
+                    for key in set(url.query).difference(["foo", "bar"])
+                }
+            )
+
+        .. versionadded:: 1.4
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+            :attr:`_engine.URL.query`
+
+            :meth:`_engine.URL.update_query_dict`
+
+            :meth:`_engine.URL.set`
+
+        """
+
+        if not set(names).intersection(self.query):
+            return self
+
+        return URL(
+            self.drivername,
+            self.username,
+            self.password,
+            self.host,
+            self.port,
+            self.database,
+            util.immutabledict(
+                {
+                    key: self.query[key]
+                    for key in set(self.query).difference(names)
+                }
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def normalized_query(self) -> Mapping[str, Sequence[str]]:
+        """Return the :attr:`_engine.URL.query` dictionary with values normalized
+        into sequences.
+
+        As the :attr:`_engine.URL.query` dictionary may contain either
+        string values or sequences of string values to differentiate between
+        parameters that are specified multiple times in the query string,
+        code that needs to handle multiple parameters generically will wish
+        to use this attribute so that all parameters present are presented
+        as sequences.   Inspiration is from Python's ``urllib.parse.parse_qs``
+        function.  E.g.::
+
+
+            >>> from sqlalchemy.engine import make_url
+            >>> url = make_url(
+            ...     "postgresql+psycopg2://user:pass@host/dbname?alt_host=host1&alt_host=host2&ssl_cipher=%2Fpath%2Fto%2Fcrt"
+            ... )
+            >>> url.query
+            immutabledict({'alt_host': ('host1', 'host2'), 'ssl_cipher': '/path/to/crt'})
+            >>> url.normalized_query
+            immutabledict({'alt_host': ('host1', 'host2'), 'ssl_cipher': ('/path/to/crt',)})
+
+        """  # noqa: E501
+
+        return util.immutabledict(
+            {
+                k: (v,) if not isinstance(v, tuple) else v
+                for k, v in self.query.items()
+            }
+        )
+
+    @util.deprecated(
+        "1.4",
+        "The :meth:`_engine.URL.__to_string__ method is deprecated and will "
+        "be removed in a future release.  Please use the "
+        ":meth:`_engine.URL.render_as_string` method.",
+    )
+    def __to_string__(self, hide_password: bool = True) -> str:
+        """Render this :class:`_engine.URL` object as a string.
+
+        :param hide_password: Defaults to True.   The password is not shown
+         in the string unless this is set to False.
+
+        """
+        return self.render_as_string(hide_password=hide_password)
+
+    def render_as_string(self, hide_password: bool = True) -> str:
+        """Render this :class:`_engine.URL` object as a string.
+
+        This method is used when the ``__str__()`` or ``__repr__()``
+        methods are used.   The method directly includes additional options.
+
+        :param hide_password: Defaults to True.   The password is not shown
+         in the string unless this is set to False.
+
+        """
+        s = self.drivername + "://"
+        if self.username is not None:
+            s += quote(self.username, safe=" +")
+            if self.password is not None:
+                s += ":" + (
+                    "***"
+                    if hide_password
+                    else quote(str(self.password), safe=" +")
+                )
+            s += "@"
+        if self.host is not None:
+            if ":" in self.host:
+                s += f"[{self.host}]"
+            else:
+                s += self.host
+        if self.port is not None:
+            s += ":" + str(self.port)
+        if self.database is not None:
+            s += "/" + self.database
+        if self.query:
+            keys = list(self.query)
+            keys.sort()
+            s += "?" + "&".join(
+                f"{quote_plus(k)}={quote_plus(element)}"
+                for k in keys
+                for element in util.to_list(self.query[k])
+            )
+        return s
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return self.render_as_string()
+
+    def __copy__(self) -> URL:
+        return self.__class__.create(
+            self.drivername,
+            self.username,
+            self.password,
+            self.host,
+            self.port,
+            self.database,
+            # note this is an immutabledict of str-> str / tuple of str,
+            # also fully immutable.  does not require deepcopy
+            self.query,
+        )
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: Any) -> URL:
+        return self.__copy__()
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(str(self))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return (
+            isinstance(other, URL)
+            and self.drivername == other.drivername
+            and self.username == other.username
+            and self.password == other.password
+            and self.host == other.host
+            and self.database == other.database
+            and self.query == other.query
+            and self.port == other.port
+        )
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return not self == other
+
+    def get_backend_name(self) -> str:
+        """Return the backend name.
+
+        This is the name that corresponds to the database backend in
+        use, and is the portion of the :attr:`_engine.URL.drivername`
+        that is to the left of the plus sign.
+
+        """
+        if "+" not in self.drivername:
+            return self.drivername
+        else:
+            return self.drivername.split("+")[0]
+
+    def get_driver_name(self) -> str:
+        """Return the backend name.
+
+        This is the name that corresponds to the DBAPI driver in
+        use, and is the portion of the :attr:`_engine.URL.drivername`
+        that is to the right of the plus sign.
+
+        If the :attr:`_engine.URL.drivername` does not include a plus sign,
+        then the default :class:`_engine.Dialect` for this :class:`_engine.URL`
+        is imported in order to get the driver name.
+
+        """
+
+        if "+" not in self.drivername:
+            return self.get_dialect().driver
+        else:
+            return self.drivername.split("+")[1]
+
+    def _instantiate_plugins(
+        self, kwargs: Mapping[str, Any]
+    ) -> Tuple[URL, List[Any], Dict[str, Any]]:
+        plugin_names = util.to_list(self.query.get("plugin", ()))
+        plugin_names += kwargs.get("plugins", [])
+
+        kwargs = dict(kwargs)
+
+        loaded_plugins = [
+            plugins.load(plugin_name)(self, kwargs)
+            for plugin_name in plugin_names
+        ]
+
+        u = self.difference_update_query(["plugin", "plugins"])
+
+        for plugin in loaded_plugins:
+            new_u = plugin.update_url(u)
+            if new_u is not None:
+                u = new_u
+
+        kwargs.pop("plugins", None)
+
+        return u, loaded_plugins, kwargs
+
+    def _get_entrypoint(self) -> Type[Dialect]:
+        """Return the "entry point" dialect class.
+
+        This is normally the dialect itself except in the case when the
+        returned class implements the get_dialect_cls() method.
+
+        """
+        if "+" not in self.drivername:
+            name = self.drivername
+        else:
+            name = self.drivername.replace("+", ".")
+        cls = registry.load(name)
+        # check for legacy dialects that
+        # would return a module with 'dialect' as the
+        # actual class
+        if (
+            hasattr(cls, "dialect")
+            and isinstance(cls.dialect, type)
+            and issubclass(cls.dialect, Dialect)
+        ):
+            return cls.dialect
+        else:
+            return cast("Type[Dialect]", cls)
+
+    def get_dialect(self, _is_async: bool = False) -> Type[Dialect]:
+        """Return the SQLAlchemy :class:`_engine.Dialect` class corresponding
+        to this URL's driver name.
+
+        """
+        entrypoint = self._get_entrypoint()
+        if _is_async:
+            dialect_cls = entrypoint.get_async_dialect_cls(self)
+        else:
+            dialect_cls = entrypoint.get_dialect_cls(self)
+        return dialect_cls
+
+    def translate_connect_args(
+        self, names: Optional[List[str]] = None, **kw: Any
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        r"""Translate url attributes into a dictionary of connection arguments.
+
+        Returns attributes of this url (`host`, `database`, `username`,
+        `password`, `port`) as a plain dictionary.  The attribute names are
+        used as the keys by default.  Unset or false attributes are omitted
+        from the final dictionary.
+
+        :param \**kw: Optional, alternate key names for url attributes.
+
+        :param names: Deprecated.  Same purpose as the keyword-based alternate
+            names, but correlates the name to the original positionally.
+        """
+
+        if names is not None:
+            util.warn_deprecated(
+                "The `URL.translate_connect_args.name`s parameter is "
+                "deprecated. Please pass the "
+                "alternate names as kw arguments.",
+                "1.4",
+            )
+
+        translated = {}
+        attribute_names = ["host", "database", "username", "password", "port"]
+        for sname in attribute_names:
+            if names:
+                name = names.pop(0)
+            elif sname in kw:
+                name = kw[sname]
+            else:
+                name = sname
+            if name is not None and getattr(self, sname, False):
+                if sname == "password":
+                    translated[name] = str(getattr(self, sname))
+                else:
+                    translated[name] = getattr(self, sname)
+
+        return translated
+
+
+def make_url(name_or_url: Union[str, URL]) -> URL:
+    """Given a string, produce a new URL instance.
+
+    The format of the URL generally follows `RFC-1738
+    <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt>`_, with some exceptions, including
+    that underscores, and not dashes or periods, are accepted within the
+    "scheme" portion.
+
+    If a :class:`.URL` object is passed, it is returned as is.
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+        :ref:`database_urls`
+
+    """
+
+    if isinstance(name_or_url, str):
+        return _parse_url(name_or_url)
+    elif not isinstance(name_or_url, URL) and not hasattr(
+        name_or_url, "_sqla_is_testing_if_this_is_a_mock_object"
+    ):
+        raise exc.ArgumentError(
+            f"Expected string or URL object, got {name_or_url!r}"
+        )
+    else:
+        return name_or_url
+
+
+def _parse_url(name: str) -> URL:
+    pattern = re.compile(
+        r"""
+            (?P<name>[\w\+]+)://
+            (?:
+                (?P<username>[^:/]*)
+                (?::(?P<password>[^@]*))?
+            @)?
+            (?:
+                (?:
+                    \[(?P<ipv6host>[^/\?]+)\] |
+                    (?P<ipv4host>[^/:\?]+)
+                )?
+                (?::(?P<port>[^/\?]*))?
+            )?
+            (?:/(?P<database>[^\?]*))?
+            (?:\?(?P<query>.*))?
+            """,
+        re.X,
+    )
+
+    m = pattern.match(name)
+    if m is not None:
+        components = m.groupdict()
+        query: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]]
+        if components["query"] is not None:
+            query = {}
+
+            for key, value in parse_qsl(components["query"]):
+                if key in query:
+                    query[key] = util.to_list(query[key])
+                    cast("List[str]", query[key]).append(value)
+                else:
+                    query[key] = value
+        else:
+            query = None
+        components["query"] = query
+
+        if components["username"] is not None:
+            components["username"] = unquote(components["username"])
+
+        if components["password"] is not None:
+            components["password"] = unquote(components["password"])
+
+        ipv4host = components.pop("ipv4host")
+        ipv6host = components.pop("ipv6host")
+        components["host"] = ipv4host or ipv6host
+        name = components.pop("name")
+
+        if components["port"]:
+            components["port"] = int(components["port"])
+
+        return URL.create(name, **components)  # type: ignore
+
+    else:
+        raise exc.ArgumentError(
+            "Could not parse SQLAlchemy URL from given URL string"
+        )