Rubka 7.2.8__py3-none-any.whl

rubka/helpers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1461 @@
+import asyncio
+import datetime
+import json
+import re
+import logging,os
+import uuid
+import random
+from typing import Any, Callable, Awaitable, Optional, Dict, List, Tuple
+from collections import defaultdict, deque
+
+
+logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+class StateManager:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._states: dict[str, str] = {}
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        logger.info("StateManager initialized.")
+
+    async def set(self, user_id: str, state: str):
+        """Sets the state for a given user."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            self._states[user_id] = state
+            logger.debug(f"State set for user {user_id}: {state}")
+
+    async def get(self, user_id: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Gets the state for a given user."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            state = self._states.get(user_id)
+            logger.debug(f"State get for user {user_id}: {state}")
+            return state
+
+    async def clear(self, user_id: str):
+        """Clears the state for a given user."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            if user_id in self._states:
+                del self._states[user_id]
+                logger.debug(f"State cleared for user {user_id}.")
+
+    async def check(self, user_id: str, state: str) -> bool:
+        """Checks if the user's current state matches the given state."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            user_state = self._states.get(user_id)
+            is_match = user_state == state
+            logger.debug(f"State check for user {user_id}: expected '{state}', got '{user_state}'. Match: {is_match}")
+            return is_match
+
+    async def list_all(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """Lists all stored states."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            logger.debug("Listing all states.")
+            return self._states.copy()
+
+    async def get_state_count(self) -> int:
+        """Returns the total number of states stored."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            count = len(self._states)
+            logger.debug(f"State count: {count}")
+            return count
+
+class DataStorage:
+    def __init__(self, file_path: str = "data.json"):
+        self.file_path = file_path
+        self._data: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+
+        try:
+            with open(self.file_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                self._data = json.load(f)
+                logger.info(f"DataStorage initialized. Loaded data from {self.file_path}.")
+        except (FileNotFoundError, json.JSONDecodeError) as e:
+            self._data = {}
+            logger.warning(f"Data file '{self.file_path}' not found or invalid JSON, starting with empty data. Error: {e}")
+
+    async def set(self, user_id: str, value: Any):
+        """Sets a value for a given user ID."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            self._data[user_id] = value
+            await self._async_save()
+            logger.debug(f"Data set for user {user_id}.")
+
+    async def get(self, user_id: str) -> Optional[Any]:
+        """Gets a value for a given user ID."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            value = self._data.get(user_id)
+            logger.debug(f"Data get for user {user_id}: {'Found' if value is not None else 'Not Found'}")
+            return value
+
+    async def delete(self, user_id: str):
+        """Deletes a value for a given user ID."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            if user_id in self._data:
+                del self._data[user_id]
+                await self._async_save()
+                logger.debug(f"Data deleted for user {user_id}.")
+
+    async def _async_save(self):
+        """Saves the current data to the file asynchronously."""
+        
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        await loop.run_in_executor(None, self._save)
+
+    def _save(self):
+        """Saves the current data to the file synchronously."""
+        try:
+            with open(self.file_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                json.dump(self._data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
+            logger.debug(f"Data saved to {self.file_path}.")
+        except IOError as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to save data to {self.file_path}: {e}")
+
+    async def get_all_data(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Returns a copy of all stored data."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            logger.debug("Getting all data.")
+            return self._data.copy()
+
+    async def clear_all_data(self):
+        """Clears all stored data and saves the empty state."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            self._data = {}
+            await self._async_save()
+            logger.warning("All data cleared from DataStorage.")
+
+class RateLimiter:
+    def __init__(self, limit: int = 5, per_seconds: int = 60):
+        self.limit = limit
+        self.per_seconds = per_seconds
+        self._records: Dict[str, deque[datetime.datetime]] = defaultdict(deque)
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        logger.info(f"RateLimiter initialized with limit={limit}, per_seconds={per_seconds}.")
+
+    async def is_allowed(self, user_id: str) -> bool:
+        """Checks if a user is allowed to perform an action based on rate limits."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            now = datetime.datetime.now()
+            
+            
+            while self._records[user_id] and (now - self._records[user_id][0]).total_seconds() >= self.per_seconds:
+                self._records[user_id].popleft()
+            
+            if len(self._records[user_id]) < self.limit:
+                self._records[user_id].append(now)
+                logger.debug(f"Rate limit allowed for user {user_id}.")
+                return True
+            else:
+                logger.warning(f"Rate limit exceeded for user {user_id}.")
+                return False
+
+    async def get_remaining_time(self, user_id: str) -> float:
+        """Calculates the time remaining until the user can make another request."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            now = datetime.datetime.now()
+            while self._records[user_id] and (now - self._records[user_id][0]).total_seconds() >= self.per_seconds:
+                self._records[user_id].popleft()
+            
+            if len(self._records[user_id]) < self.limit:
+                return 0.0
+            else:
+                time_since_first_request = now - self._records[user_id][0]
+                return max(0.0, self.per_seconds - time_since_first_request.total_seconds())
+
+    async def reset_user_limit(self, user_id: str):
+        """Resets the rate limit for a specific user."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            if user_id in self._records:
+                del self._records[user_id]
+                logger.info(f"Rate limit reset for user {user_id}.")
+
+class MiddlewareManager:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.middlewares: List[Callable[..., Awaitable[bool]]] = []
+        logger.info("MiddlewareManager initialized.")
+
+    def add(self, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[bool]]):
+        """Adds a middleware function to the manager."""
+        self.middlewares.append(func)
+        logger.info(f"Middleware '{func.__name__}' added.")
+
+    async def run(self, bot, message) -> bool:
+        """Runs all registered middlewares sequentially."""
+        logger.debug("Running middlewares.")
+        for mw in self.middlewares:
+            try:
+                result = await mw(bot, message)
+                if result is False:
+                    logger.debug(f"Middleware '{mw.__name__}' returned False. Stopping middleware chain.")
+                    return False
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Error in middleware '{mw.__name__}': {e}", exc_info=True)
+                
+                return False 
+        logger.debug("All middlewares passed.")
+        return True
+
+class CommandParser:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.commands: Dict[str, Callable] = {}
+        logger.info("CommandParser initialized.")
+
+    def add(self, pattern: str, func: Callable):
+        """Adds a command with its regex pattern and handler function."""
+        self.commands[pattern] = func
+        logger.info(f"Command added: pattern='{pattern}', handler='{func.__name__}'")
+
+    async def run(self, bot, message) -> Optional[Any]:
+        """Parses the message text and executes the corresponding command handler."""
+        text = message.text or ""
+        logger.debug(f"Parsing command for message: '{text[:50]}...'")
+        for pattern, func in self.commands.items():
+            match = re.match(pattern, text)
+            if match:
+                try:
+                    logger.info(f"Command matched: pattern='{pattern}', handler='{func.__name__}'.")
+                    return await func(bot, message, *match.groups())
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.error(f"Error executing command '{func.__name__}' for pattern '{pattern}': {e}", exc_info=True)
+                    
+                    await message.reply("An error occurred while processing your command.")
+                    return None
+        logger.debug("No command matched.")
+        return None
+
+class Conversation:
+    def __init__(self, user_id: str, state_manager: StateManager, conversation_manager: 'ConversationManager'):
+        self.user_id = user_id
+        self.state_manager = state_manager
+        self.conversation_manager = conversation_manager
+        self.queue: asyncio.Queue[str] = asyncio.Queue()
+        self._is_active = False
+        logger.info(f"Conversation created for user {user_id}.")
+
+    async def start(self, initial_state: str):
+        """Starts the conversation by setting the initial state."""
+        await self.state_manager.set(self.user_id, initial_state)
+        self._is_active = True
+        logger.info(f"Conversation started for user {self.user_id} with state '{initial_state}'.")
+
+    async def end(self):
+        """Ends the conversation and clears the state."""
+        await self.state_manager.clear(self.user_id)
+        self._is_active = False
+        
+        while not self.queue.empty():
+            try:
+                self.queue.get_nowait()
+            except asyncio.QueueEmpty:
+                pass
+        logger.info(f"Conversation ended for user {self.user_id}.")
+
+    async def ask(self, bot, message, text: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Asks a question to the user and waits for their response."""
+        if not self._is_active:
+            logger.warning(f"Attempted to ask a question in an inactive conversation for user {self.user_id}.")
+            return None
+        await message.reply(text)
+        try:
+            response = await asyncio.wait_for(self.queue.get(), timeout=60.0) 
+            logger.debug(f"Received response for user {self.user_id}: '{response}'.")
+            return response
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            logger.warning(f"Timeout waiting for user {self.user_id}'s response.")
+            await self.end()
+            return None
+
+    async def next(self, text: str):
+        """Puts the user's response into the conversation queue."""
+        if not self._is_active:
+            logger.warning(f"Attempted to put message in queue for inactive conversation for user {self.user_id}.")
+            return
+        await self.queue.put(text)
+        logger.debug(f"User {self.user_id} response queued.")
+
+    async def is_active(self) -> bool:
+        """Checks if the conversation is currently active."""
+        return self._is_active
+
+class ConversationManager:
+    def __init__(self, state_manager: StateManager):
+        self.conversations: Dict[str, Conversation] = {}
+        self.state_manager = state_manager
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        logger.info("ConversationManager initialized.")
+
+    async def get_or_create(self, user_id: str) -> Conversation:
+        """Gets an existing conversation for a user or creates a new one."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            if user_id not in self.conversations:
+                self.conversations[user_id] = Conversation(user_id, self.state_manager, self)
+                logger.debug(f"Created new conversation for user {user_id}.")
+            return self.conversations[user_id]
+
+    async def end_conversation(self, user_id: str):
+        """Ends a specific user's conversation."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            if user_id in self.conversations:
+                conversation = self.conversations[user_id]
+                await conversation.end()
+                del self.conversations[user_id]
+                logger.info(f"Conversation ended and removed for user {user_id}.")
+
+    async def clean_up_inactive_conversations(self):
+        """Removes conversations that are no longer active."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            users_to_remove = []
+            for user_id, conversation in self.conversations.items():
+                if not await conversation.is_active():
+                    users_to_remove.append(user_id)
+            
+            for user_id in users_to_remove:
+                del self.conversations[user_id]
+                logger.info(f"Removed inactive conversation for user {user_id}.")
+
+class Scheduler:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.tasks: List[asyncio.Task] = []
+        self._running_tasks_lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        logger.info("Scheduler initialized.")
+
+    async def run_after(self, delay: int, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]], *args, **kwargs) -> asyncio.Task:
+        """Schedules a function to run after a specified delay."""
+        async def task():
+            await asyncio.sleep(delay)
+            try:
+                logger.info(f"Running scheduled task '{func.__name__}' after {delay} seconds.")
+                await func(*args, **kwargs)
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Error in scheduled task '{func.__name__}': {e}", exc_info=True)
+            finally:
+                await self._remove_task_if_completed(asyncio.current_task())
+
+        t = asyncio.create_task(task())
+        async with self._running_tasks_lock:
+            self.tasks.append(t)
+        logger.info(f"Task '{func.__name__}' scheduled to run after {delay} seconds.")
+        return t
+
+    async def run_every(self, interval: int, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]], *args, **kwargs) -> asyncio.Task:
+        """Schedules a function to run repeatedly at a specified interval."""
+        async def task():
+            while True:
+                await asyncio.sleep(interval)
+                try:
+                    logger.info(f"Running periodic task '{func.__name__}' every {interval} seconds.")
+                    await func(*args, **kwargs)
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    logger.info(f"Periodic task '{func.__name__}' cancelled.")
+                    break
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.error(f"Error in periodic task '{func.__name__}': {e}", exc_info=True)
+
+        t = asyncio.create_task(task())
+        async with self._running_tasks_lock:
+            self.tasks.append(t)
+        logger.info(f"Task '{func.__name__}' scheduled to run every {interval} seconds.")
+        return t
+
+    async def cancel_all_tasks(self):
+        """Cancels all scheduled tasks."""
+        async with self._running_tasks_lock:
+            logger.info(f"Cancelling {len(self.tasks)} scheduled tasks.")
+            for task in self.tasks:
+                task.cancel()
+            
+            await asyncio.gather(*self.tasks, return_exceptions=True)
+            self.tasks.clear()
+            logger.info("All scheduled tasks cancelled.")
+
+    async def _remove_task_if_completed(self, completed_task: asyncio.Task):
+        """Removes a completed task from the list of running tasks."""
+        async with self._running_tasks_lock:
+            if completed_task in self.tasks:
+                self.tasks.remove(completed_task)
+                logger.debug("Removed a completed task from the scheduler.")
+
+class CacheManager:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.cache: Dict[str, Tuple[Any, datetime.datetime]] = {}
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        logger.info("CacheManager initialized.")
+
+    async def get(self, key: str) -> Optional[Any]:
+        """Gets a value from the cache, returning None if expired or not found."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            if key in self.cache:
+                value, expire = self.cache[key]
+                if expire > datetime.datetime.now():
+                    logger.debug(f"Cache hit for key '{key}'.")
+                    return value
+                else:
+                    del self.cache[key]
+                    logger.debug(f"Cache expired for key '{key}'.")
+            logger.debug(f"Cache miss for key '{key}'.")
+            return None
+
+    async def set(self, key: str, value: Any, ttl: int = 300): 
+        """Sets a value in the cache with a Time To Live (TTL)."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            expire = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(seconds=ttl)
+            self.cache[key] = (value, expire)
+            logger.debug(f"Cache set for key '{key}' with TTL {ttl} seconds.")
+
+    async def delete(self, key: str):
+        """Deletes a key from the cache."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            if key in self.cache:
+                del self.cache[key]
+                logger.debug(f"Cache deleted for key '{key}'.")
+
+    async def clear(self):
+        """Clears all entries from the cache."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            self.cache.clear()
+            logger.warning("Cache cleared.")
+
+    async def prune_expired(self):
+        """Removes all expired entries from the cache."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            now = datetime.datetime.now()
+            keys_to_delete = [key for key, (value, expire) in self.cache.items() if expire <= now]
+            for key in keys_to_delete:
+                del self.cache[key]
+            if keys_to_delete:
+                logger.debug(f"Pruned {len(keys_to_delete)} expired cache entries.")
+
+class ErrorHandler:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.handlers: List[Callable[..., Awaitable[None]]] = []
+        logger.info("ErrorHandler initialized.")
+
+    def add(self, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[None]]):
+        """Adds an error handler function."""
+        self.handlers.append(func)
+        logger.info(f"Error handler '{func.__name__}' added.")
+
+    async def run(self, bot, error: Exception, message):
+        """Runs all registered error handlers."""
+        logger.error(f"An error occurred: {error}", exc_info=True)
+        for handler in self.handlers:
+            try:
+                await handler(bot, error, message)
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Error in error handler '{handler.__name__}': {e}", exc_info=True)
+
+
+
+class LoggerConfigurator:
+    """Configures logging levels and formats."""
+    def __init__(self, level: int = logging.INFO, format_string: str = '%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s'):
+        self.level = level
+        self.format_string = format_string
+        logger.info("LoggerConfigurator initialized.")
+
+    def configure(self):
+        """Applies the logging configuration."""
+        logging.basicConfig(level=self.level, format=self.format_string)
+        logger.info(f"Logging configured with level {logging.getLevelName(self.level)} and format '{self.format_string}'.")
+
+class UserManager:
+    """Manages user data, potentially with more complex profiles."""
+    def __init__(self, data_storage: DataStorage):
+        self.data_storage = data_storage
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        logger.info("UserManager initialized.")
+
+    async def get_user_profile(self, user_id: str) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Retrieves a user's profile data."""
+        profile = await self.data_storage.get(f"profile_{user_id}")
+        logger.debug(f"Getting profile for user {user_id}: {'Found' if profile else 'Not Found'}")
+        return profile
+
+    async def set_user_profile(self, user_id: str, profile_data: Dict[str, Any]):
+        """Sets or updates a user's profile data."""
+        await self.data_storage.set(f"profile_{user_id}", profile_data)
+        logger.info(f"Profile updated for user {user_id}.")
+
+    async def delete_user_profile(self, user_id: str):
+        """Deletes a user's profile data."""
+        await self.data_storage.delete(f"profile_{user_id}")
+        logger.info(f"Profile deleted for user {user_id}.")
+
+    async def get_all_users(self) -> List[str]:
+        """Retrieves a list of all user IDs that have profile data."""
+        all_data = await self.data_storage.get_all_data()
+        user_ids = [key.replace("profile_", "") for key in all_data if key.startswith("profile_")]
+        logger.debug(f"Found {len(user_ids)} users with profiles.")
+        return user_ids
+
+class FeatureFlagManager:
+    """Manages feature flags to enable/disable features dynamically."""
+    def __init__(self, data_storage: DataStorage, default_flags: Optional[Dict[str, bool]] = None):
+        self.data_storage = data_storage
+        self.default_flags = default_flags or {}
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        logger.info("FeatureFlagManager initialized.")
+
+    async def is_feature_enabled(self, feature_name: str, user_id: Optional[str] = None) -> bool:
+        """Checks if a feature is enabled."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            flag_key = f"feature_flag_{feature_name}"
+            stored_flag = await self.data_storage.get(flag_key)
+
+            if stored_flag is not None:
+                return stored_flag 
+            
+            
+            if user_id:
+                user_flag_key = f"feature_flag_{feature_name}_{user_id}"
+                user_specific_flag = await self.data_storage.get(user_flag_key)
+                if user_specific_flag is not None:
+                    return user_specific_flag
+
+            return self.default_flags.get(feature_name, False) 
+
+    async def enable_feature(self, feature_name: str):
+        """Enables a feature globally."""
+        await self.data_storage.set(f"feature_flag_{feature_name}", True)
+        logger.info(f"Feature '{feature_name}' globally enabled.")
+
+    async def disable_feature(self, feature_name: str):
+        """Disables a feature globally."""
+        await self.data_storage.set(f"feature_flag_{feature_name}", False)
+        logger.info(f"Feature '{feature_name}' globally disabled.")
+        
+    async def enable_feature_for_user(self, feature_name: str, user_id: str):
+        """Enables a feature for a specific user."""
+        await self.data_storage.set(f"feature_flag_{feature_name}_{user_id}", True)
+        logger.info(f"Feature '{feature_name}' enabled for user {user_id}.")
+        
+    async def disable_feature_for_user(self, feature_name: str, user_id: str):
+        """Disables a feature for a specific user."""
+        await self.data_storage.set(f"feature_flag_{feature_name}_{user_id}", False)
+        logger.info(f"Feature '{feature_name}' disabled for user {user_id}.")
+
+class MessageQueue:
+    """Manages a queue for outgoing messages, useful for rate limiting or batching."""
+    def __init__(self, max_size: int = 1000):
+        self.queue: deque[Tuple[str, str]] = deque(maxlen=max_size) 
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        self._empty_event = asyncio.Event()
+        self._empty_event.set() 
+        logger.info(f"MessageQueue initialized with max size {max_size}.")
+
+    async def put(self, user_id: str, message_text: str):
+        """Adds a message to the queue."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            if len(self.queue) < self.queue.maxlen:
+                self.queue.append((user_id, message_text))
+                self._empty_event.clear() 
+                logger.debug(f"Message added to queue for user {user_id}.")
+            else:
+                logger.warning(f"MessageQueue is full. Could not add message for user {user_id}.")
+
+    async def get(self) -> Optional[Tuple[str, str]]:
+        """Gets a message from the queue. Waits if the queue is empty."""
+        await self._empty_event.wait() 
+        async with self._lock:
+            if self.queue:
+                user_id, message_text = self.queue.popleft()
+                if not self.queue:
+                    self._empty_event.set() 
+                logger.debug(f"Message retrieved from queue for user {user_id}.")
+                return user_id, message_text
+            return None
+
+    def is_empty(self) -> bool:
+        """Checks if the queue is empty."""
+        return not self.queue
+
+    def qsize(self) -> int:
+        """Returns the current number of messages in the queue."""
+        return len(self.queue)
+
+class TextGenerator:
+    """A simple text generator, can be expanded with more sophisticated models."""
+    def __init__(self, model_path: Optional[str] = None):
+        
+        self.model_path = model_path
+        if model_path:
+            logger.info(f"TextGenerator initialized with model from: {model_path}")
+        else:
+            logger.info("TextGenerator initialized with basic functionality (no model loaded).")
+
+    async def generate_text(self, prompt: str, max_length: int = 100) -> str:
+        """Generates text based on a prompt."""
+        
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.1) 
+        generated_content = f"Generated text based on: '{prompt[:50]}...' (Model: {self.model_path or 'basic'})"
+        logger.info(f"Text generated for prompt: '{prompt[:50]}...'")
+        return generated_content[:max_length]
+
+class WorkflowEngine:
+    """Orchestrates a sequence of steps (tasks) for a given process."""
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.workflows: Dict[str, List[Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]]]] = {}
+        logger.info("WorkflowEngine initialized.")
+
+    def add_workflow(self, name: str, steps: List[Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]]]):
+        """Adds a new workflow with a name and a list of step functions."""
+        self.workflows[name] = steps
+        logger.info(f"Workflow '{name}' added with {len(steps)} steps.")
+
+    async def run_workflow(self, name: str, initial_context: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Runs a workflow and returns the final context."""
+        if name not in self.workflows:
+            logger.error(f"Workflow '{name}' not found.")
+            raise ValueError(f"Workflow '{name}' not found.")
+        
+        context = initial_context.copy()
+        logger.info(f"Running workflow '{name}' with initial context: {context}")
+        
+        for step_index, step_func in enumerate(self.workflows[name]):
+            try:
+                logger.debug(f"Executing step {step_index + 1} of workflow '{name}': '{step_func.__name__}'.")
+                
+                context = await step_func(context)
+                logger.debug(f"Step {step_index + 1} completed. Current context: {context}")
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Error in step {step_index + 1} ('{step_func.__name__}') of workflow '{name}': {e}", exc_info=True)
+                
+                raise RuntimeError(f"Error in workflow '{name}' step {step_index + 1}: {e}") from e
+                
+        logger.info(f"Workflow '{name}' completed successfully. Final context: {context}")
+        return context
+
+class AnalyticsTracker:
+    """Tracks events and metrics for analysis."""
+    def __init__(self, data_storage: DataStorage):
+        self.data_storage = data_storage
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        logger.info("AnalyticsTracker initialized.")
+
+    async def track_event(self, event_name: str, properties: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None):
+        """Tracks a specific event with optional properties."""
+        timestamp = datetime.datetime.now().isoformat()
+        event_data = {"event": event_name, "timestamp": timestamp, "properties": properties or {}}
+        
+        async with self._lock:
+            event_key = f"analytics_event_{timestamp}_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}" 
+            await self.data_storage.set(event_key, event_data)
+            logger.info(f"Tracked event: '{event_name}' with properties: {properties}")
+
+    async def get_events_by_name(self, event_name: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Retrieves all tracked events with a specific name."""
+        all_data = await self.data_storage.get_all_data()
+        matching_events = []
+        for key, value in all_data.items():
+            if key.startswith("analytics_event_") and isinstance(value, dict) and value.get("event") == event_name:
+                matching_events.append(value)
+        logger.debug(f"Retrieved {len(matching_events)} events for '{event_name}'.")
+        return matching_events
+
+    async def get_all_events(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Retrieves all tracked events."""
+        all_data = await self.data_storage.get_all_data()
+        all_events = [value for key, value in all_data.items() if key.startswith("analytics_event_") and isinstance(value, dict)]
+        logger.debug(f"Retrieved a total of {len(all_events)} analytics events.")
+        return all_events
+
+class NotificationService:
+    """Handles sending notifications to users (e.g., push notifications, emails)."""
+    def __init__(self, bot_instance):
+        self.bot = bot_instance 
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        logger.info("NotificationService initialized.")
+
+    async def send_notification(self, user_id: str, message: str):
+        """Sends a notification to a specific user."""
+        try:
+            
+            
+            
+            await self.bot.send_message(user_id, f"Notification: {message}") 
+            logger.info(f"Notification sent to user {user_id}: '{message}'.")
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to send notification to user {user_id}: {e}", exc_info=True)
+
+    async def broadcast_message(self, user_ids: List[str], message: str):
+        """Sends a message to multiple users."""
+        async def send_to_user(uid):
+            await self.send_notification(uid, message)
+
+        tasks = [send_to_user(uid) for uid in user_ids]
+        await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)
+        logger.info(f"Broadcasted message to {len(user_ids)} users.")
+
+class ConfigurationManager:
+    """Loads and manages application configuration from files or environment variables."""
+    def __init__(self, config_file: str = "config.json"):
+        self.config_file = config_file
+        self.config: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        self._load_config()
+        logger.info("ConfigurationManager initialized.")
+
+    def _load_config(self):
+        """Loads configuration from a JSON file."""
+        try:
+            with open(self.config_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                self.config = json.load(f)
+                logger.info(f"Configuration loaded from '{self.config_file}'.")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            logger.warning(f"Configuration file '{self.config_file}' not found. Using empty configuration.")
+            self.config = {}
+        except json.JSONDecodeError:
+            logger.error(f"Error decoding JSON from configuration file '{self.config_file}'.")
+            self.config = {}
+        except IOError as e:
+            logger.error(f"Error reading configuration file '{self.config_file}': {e}")
+            self.config = {}
+
+    async def get(self, key: str, default: Optional[Any] = None) -> Any:
+        """Gets a configuration value by key."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            return self.config.get(key, default)
+
+    async def set(self, key: str, value: Any):
+        """Sets a configuration value and saves it to the file."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            self.config[key] = value
+            await self._async_save_config()
+            logger.info(f"Configuration updated for key '{key}'.")
+
+    async def _async_save_config(self):
+        """Saves the current configuration to the file asynchronously."""
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        await loop.run_in_executor(None, self._save_config)
+
+    def _save_config(self):
+        """Saves the current configuration to the file synchronously."""
+        try:
+            with open(self.config_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                json.dump(self.config, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
+            logger.debug(f"Configuration saved to '{self.config_file}'.")
+        except IOError as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to save configuration to '{self.config_file}': {e}")
+
+class TaskScheduler:
+    """A more robust scheduler with capabilities for recurring tasks and monitoring."""
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.scheduled_tasks: Dict[str, asyncio.Task] = {}
+        self._task_id_counter = 0
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        logger.info("TaskScheduler initialized.")
+
+    async def _generate_task_id(self) -> str:
+        """Generates a unique task ID."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            self._task_id_counter += 1
+            return f"task_{self._task_id_counter}"
+
+    async def schedule_once(self, delay_seconds: int, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]], *args, **kwargs) -> str:
+        """Schedules a task to run once after a delay and returns its ID."""
+        task_id = await self._generate_task_id()
+
+        async def task_wrapper():
+            await asyncio.sleep(delay_seconds)
+            try:
+                logger.info(f"Executing one-time task '{func.__name__}' (ID: {task_id}) after {delay_seconds}s.")
+                await func(*args, **kwargs)
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                logger.info(f"One-time task '{func.__name__}' (ID: {task_id}) was cancelled.")
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Error in one-time task '{func.__name__}' (ID: {task_id}): {e}", exc_info=True)
+            finally:
+                await self.cancel_task(task_id) 
+
+        task = asyncio.create_task(task_wrapper(), name=f"OneTimeTask_{func.__name__}")
+        async with self._lock:
+            self.scheduled_tasks[task_id] = task
+        logger.info(f"Task '{func.__name__}' (ID: {task_id}) scheduled to run once in {delay_seconds} seconds.")
+        return task_id
+
+    async def schedule_recurring(self, interval_seconds: int, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]], *args, **kwargs) -> str:
+        """Schedules a task to run recurringly at a given interval and returns its ID."""
+        task_id = await self._generate_task_id()
+
+        async def task_wrapper():
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    await asyncio.sleep(interval_seconds)
+                    logger.info(f"Executing recurring task '{func.__name__}' (ID: {task_id}) every {interval_seconds}s.")
+                    await func(*args, **kwargs)
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    logger.info(f"Recurring task '{func.__name__}' (ID: {task_id}) was cancelled.")
+                    break 
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.error(f"Error in recurring task '{func.__name__}' (ID: {task_id}): {e}", exc_info=True)
+                    
+
+        task = asyncio.create_task(task_wrapper(), name=f"RecurringTask_{func.__name__}")
+        async with self._lock:
+            self.scheduled_tasks[task_id] = task
+        logger.info(f"Task '{func.__name__}' (ID: {task_id}) scheduled to run every {interval_seconds} seconds.")
+        return task_id
+
+    async def cancel_task(self, task_id: str) -> bool:
+        """Cancels a scheduled task by its ID."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            if task_id in self.scheduled_tasks:
+                task = self.scheduled_tasks[task_id]
+                task.cancel()
+                try:
+                    await task 
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    pass 
+                del self.scheduled_tasks[task_id]
+                logger.info(f"Task with ID '{task_id}' cancelled.")
+                return True
+            logger.warning(f"Task with ID '{task_id}' not found for cancellation.")
+            return False
+
+    async def get_task_status(self, task_id: str) -> str:
+        """Gets the status of a scheduled task."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            if task_id in self.scheduled_tasks:
+                task = self.scheduled_tasks[task_id]
+                if task.done():
+                    return "completed" if not task.cancelled() else "cancelled"
+                return "running"
+            return "not_found"
+
+    async def get_all_task_ids(self) -> List[str]:
+        """Returns a list of all scheduled task IDs."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            return list(self.scheduled_tasks.keys())
+
+class TokenBucket:
+    """Implements a token bucket for rate limiting."""
+    def __init__(self, capacity: int, fill_rate: float):
+        self.capacity = capacity
+        self.fill_rate = fill_rate 
+        self.tokens = capacity
+        self.last_refill_time = datetime.datetime.now()
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        logger.info(f"TokenBucket initialized with capacity={capacity}, fill_rate={fill_rate}/s.")
+
+    async def _refill_tokens(self):
+        """Refills tokens based on the time elapsed since last refill."""
+        now = datetime.datetime.now()
+        time_elapsed = (now - self.last_refill_time).total_seconds()
+        tokens_to_add = time_elapsed * self.fill_rate
+        self.tokens = min(self.capacity, self.tokens + tokens_to_add)
+        self.last_refill_time = now
+
+    async def consume(self, tokens_needed: float = 1.0) -> bool:
+        """Consumes tokens from the bucket. Returns True if successful, False otherwise."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            await self._refill_tokens()
+            if self.tokens >= tokens_needed:
+                self.tokens -= tokens_needed
+                logger.debug(f"Consumed {tokens_needed} tokens. Remaining: {self.tokens:.2f}")
+                return True
+            else:
+                logger.warning(f"Not enough tokens ({self.tokens:.2f}) to consume {tokens_needed}.")
+                return False
+
+class AwaitableQueue:
+    """A queue that allows items to be put and retrieved, with ability to signal completion."""
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.queue: asyncio.Queue[Any] = asyncio.Queue()
+        self.completion_signals: Dict[Any, asyncio.Event] = {} 
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        logger.info("AwaitableQueue initialized.")
+
+    async def put(self, item: Any, completion_event: Optional[asyncio.Event] = None):
+        """Puts an item into the queue. If completion_event is provided, it will be set when the item is retrieved."""
+        await self.queue.put(item)
+        if completion_event:
+            async with self._lock:
+                self.completion_signals[item] = completion_event
+        logger.debug(f"Item put into AwaitableQueue.")
+
+    async def get(self) -> Any:
+        """Retrieves an item from the queue."""
+        item = await self.queue.get()
+        completion_event = None
+        async with self._lock:
+            if item in self.completion_signals:
+                completion_event = self.completion_signals.pop(item)
+        
+        if completion_event:
+            completion_event.set()
+            logger.debug(f"Item retrieved from AwaitableQueue and completion signal set.")
+        else:
+            logger.debug(f"Item retrieved from AwaitableQueue.")
+        return item
+    
+    def task_done(self):
+        """Indicates that a formerly enqueued task is complete."""
+        self.queue.task_done()
+
+    async def join(self):
+        """Blocks until all items in the queue have been gotten and processed."""
+        await self.queue.join()
+
+class DataValidator:
+    """Validates data against predefined schemas or rules."""
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.schemas: Dict[str, Dict] = {}
+        logger.info("DataValidator initialized.")
+
+    def register_schema(self, schema_name: str, schema: Dict):
+        """Registers a validation schema."""
+        self.schemas[schema_name] = schema
+        logger.info(f"Schema '{schema_name}' registered.")
+
+    async def validate(self, data: Any, schema_name: str) -> bool:
+        """Validates data against a registered schema."""
+        if schema_name not in self.schemas:
+            logger.error(f"Schema '{schema_name}' not found for validation.")
+            raise ValueError(f"Schema '{schema_name}' not found.")
+        
+        schema = self.schemas[schema_name]
+        
+        
+        is_valid = True
+        if isinstance(schema, dict) and isinstance(data, dict):
+            for key, expected_type in schema.items():
+                if key not in data:
+                    is_valid = False
+                    logger.warning(f"Validation failed: Key '{key}' missing in data.")
+                    break
+                if not isinstance(data[key], expected_type):
+                    is_valid = False
+                    logger.warning(f"Validation failed: Type mismatch for key '{key}'. Expected {expected_type}, got {type(data[key])}.")
+                    break
+        else:
+            is_valid = False
+            logger.warning("Validation failed: Schema or data is not in expected dictionary format.")
+        
+        logger.info(f"Data validation against schema '{schema_name}': {'Success' if is_valid else 'Failed'}.")
+        return is_valid
+
+class IdempotencyManager:
+    """Ensures operations are performed only once by tracking request IDs."""
+    def __init__(self, storage: DataStorage, expiry_seconds: int = 600):
+        self.storage = storage
+        self.expiry_seconds = expiry_seconds
+        logger.info(f"IdempotencyManager initialized with expiry {expiry_seconds}s.")
+
+    async def is_unique(self, request_id: str) -> bool:
+        """Checks if a request ID has been seen before."""
+        seen_id = await self.storage.get(f"idempotency_{request_id}")
+        return seen_id is None
+
+    async def mark_as_processed(self, request_id: str):
+        """Marks a request ID as processed and sets an expiry."""
+        await self.storage.set(f"idempotency_{request_id}", True)
+        
+        
+        
+        
+        
+        logger.info(f"Marked request ID '{request_id}' as processed.")
+
+    async def protect(self, request_id: str, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]], *args, **kwargs):
+        """Executes a function only if the request ID is unique."""
+        if await self.is_unique(request_id):
+            result = await func(*args, **kwargs)
+            await self.mark_as_processed(request_id)
+            return result
+        else:
+            logger.warning(f"Request ID '{request_id}' is not unique. Operation skipped.")
+            return None 
+
+class FileDownloader:
+    """Handles downloading files from URLs."""
+    def __init__(self, download_dir: str = "downloads"):
+        self.download_dir = download_dir
+        os.makedirs(self.download_dir, exist_ok=True)
+        logger.info(f"FileDownloader initialized. Download directory: '{self.download_dir}'.")
+
+    async def download_file(self, url: str, filename: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
+        """Downloads a file from a URL to the specified directory."""
+        import aiohttp
+        import os
+        
+        if filename is None:
+            filename = url.split('/')[-1]
+        filepath = os.path.join(self.download_dir, filename)
+
+        async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
+            async with session.get(url) as response:
+                response.raise_for_status() 
+                with open(filepath, 'wb') as f:
+                    while True:
+                        chunk = await response.content.read(1024) 
+                        if not chunk:
+                            break
+                        f.write(chunk)
+        logger.info(f"File downloaded from {url} to {filepath}.")
+        return filepath
+
+class TaskDistributor:
+    """Distributes tasks to multiple workers (e.g., for parallel processing)."""
+    def __init__(self, num_workers: int):
+        self.num_workers = num_workers
+        self.task_queue: asyncio.Queue[Tuple[Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]], Tuple, Dict[str, Any]]] = asyncio.Queue()
+        self.workers: List[asyncio.Task] = []
+        self._workers_running = False
+        logger.info(f"TaskDistributor initialized with {num_workers} workers.")
+
+    async def _worker(self, worker_id: int):
+        """The function that each worker runs."""
+        logger.info(f"Worker {worker_id} started.")
+        while True:
+            try:
+                func, args, kwargs = await self.task_queue.get()
+                logger.debug(f"Worker {worker_id} picked up task: {func.__name__}.")
+                await func(*args, **kwargs)
+                self.task_queue.task_done()
+                logger.debug(f"Worker {worker_id} finished task: {func.__name__}.")
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                logger.info(f"Worker {worker_id} received cancellation signal.")
+                break
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Worker {worker_id} encountered an error: {e}", exc_info=True)
+                
+
+    async def start(self):
+        """Starts the worker processes."""
+        if not self._workers_running:
+            self.workers = [
+                asyncio.create_task(self._worker(i))
+                for i in range(self.num_workers)
+            ]
+            self._workers_running = True
+            logger.info("TaskDistributor workers started.")
+
+    async def stop(self):
+        """Stops all worker processes gracefully."""
+        if self._workers_running:
+            for worker in self.workers:
+                worker.cancel()
+            await asyncio.gather(*self.workers, return_exceptions=True)
+            self._workers_running = False
+            logger.info("TaskDistributor workers stopped.")
+
+    async def add_task(self, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]], *args, **kwargs):
+        """Adds a task to the queue for workers to process."""
+        await self.task_queue.put((func, args, kwargs))
+        logger.debug(f"Task '{func.__name__}' added to TaskDistributor queue.")
+
+    async def wait_completion(self):
+        """Waits for all tasks currently in the queue to be processed."""
+        await self.task_queue.join()
+        logger.info("All tasks in TaskDistributor queue have been processed.")
+
+class EventBus:
+    """A simple publish-subscribe system."""
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._subscribers: Dict[str, List[Callable[..., Awaitable[None]]]] = defaultdict(list)
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        logger.info("EventBus initialized.")
+
+    async def subscribe(self, event_name: str, handler: Callable[..., Awaitable[None]]):
+        """Subscribes a handler to a specific event."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            self._subscribers[event_name].append(handler)
+        logger.info(f"Handler '{handler.__name__}' subscribed to event '{event_name}'.")
+
+    async def unsubscribe(self, event_name: str, handler: Callable[..., Awaitable[None]]):
+        """Unsubscribes a handler from an event."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            if event_name in self._subscribers and handler in self._subscribers[event_name]:
+                self._subscribers[event_name].remove(handler)
+                logger.info(f"Handler '{handler.__name__}' unsubscribed from event '{event_name}'.")
+            else:
+                logger.warning(f"Handler '{handler.__name__}' not found for event '{event_name}' during unsubscription.")
+
+    async def publish(self, event_name: str, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Publishes an event, notifying all subscribed handlers."""
+        if event_name not in self._subscribers:
+            logger.debug(f"No subscribers for event '{event_name}'.")
+            return
+
+        handlers = self._subscribers[event_name]
+        logger.info(f"Publishing event '{event_name}' to {len(handlers)} subscribers.")
+        
+        tasks = []
+        for handler in handlers:
+            tasks.append(asyncio.create_task(handler(*args, **kwargs)))
+        
+        await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)
+        logger.debug(f"Event '{event_name}' publishing completed.")
+
+class FileScanner:
+    """Scans directories for files based on patterns."""
+    def __init__(self, base_dir: str):
+        self.base_dir = base_dir
+        os.makedirs(self.base_dir, exist_ok=True)
+        logger.info(f"FileScanner initialized for directory: '{self.base_dir}'.")
+
+    async def find_files(self, pattern: str, recursive: bool = False) -> List[str]:
+        """Finds files matching a pattern (glob-style)."""
+        import glob
+        search_path = os.path.join(self.base_dir, "**" if recursive else "", pattern)
+        logger.info(f"Scanning for files with pattern '{pattern}' in '{self.base_dir}' (recursive: {recursive}).")
+        
+        
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        found_files = await loop.run_in_executor(None, glob.glob, search_path, recursive=recursive)
+        
+        logger.info(f"Found {len(found_files)} files matching the pattern.")
+        return found_files
+
+    async def read_file_content(self, filepath: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Reads the content of a given file."""
+        if not os.path.isfile(filepath):
+            logger.warning(f"File not found for reading: {filepath}")
+            return None
+        
+        try:
+            loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+            with open(filepath, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                content = await loop.run_in_executor(None, f.read)
+            logger.debug(f"Read content of file: {filepath}.")
+            return content
+        except IOError as e:
+            logger.error(f"Error reading file '{filepath}': {e}", exc_info=True)
+            return None
+
+class WorkerPool:
+    """Manages a pool of worker coroutines that process tasks from a queue."""
+    def __init__(self, num_workers: int, task_queue: asyncio.Queue):
+        self.num_workers = num_workers
+        self.task_queue = task_queue
+        self.workers: List[asyncio.Task] = []
+        self._is_running = False
+        logger.info(f"WorkerPool initialized with {num_workers} workers.")
+
+    async def _worker_coro(self, worker_id: int):
+        """The coroutine each worker runs."""
+        logger.info(f"Worker {worker_id} started.")
+        while True:
+            try:
+                task_payload = await self.task_queue.get()
+                logger.debug(f"Worker {worker_id} got task from queue.")
+                
+                if callable(task_payload):
+                    await task_payload()
+                else:
+                    logger.warning(f"Worker {worker_id} received non-callable task payload: {type(task_payload)}.")
+                self.task_queue.task_done()
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                logger.info(f"Worker {worker_id} cancelled.")
+                break
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Worker {worker_id} error: {e}", exc_info=True)
+                
+
+    async def start(self):
+        """Starts the worker pool."""
+        if not self._is_running:
+            self.workers = [asyncio.create_task(self._worker_coro(i)) for i in range(self.num_workers)]
+            self._is_running = True
+            logger.info("WorkerPool started.")
+
+    async def stop(self):
+        """Stops the worker pool gracefully."""
+        if self._is_running:
+            for worker in self.workers:
+                worker.cancel()
+            await asyncio.gather(*self.workers, return_exceptions=True)
+            self._is_running = False
+            logger.info("WorkerPool stopped.")
+
+class DistributedLock:
+    """A simple distributed lock implementation (requires a shared backend like Redis or DataStorage)."""
+    def __init__(self, storage: DataStorage, lock_name: str, timeout: int = 10):
+        self.storage = storage
+        self.lock_name = f"lock_{lock_name}"
+        self.timeout = timeout 
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock() 
+        logger.info(f"DistributedLock initialized for '{lock_name}' with timeout {timeout}s.")
+
+    async def acquire(self, blocking: bool = True, timeout: Optional[float] = None) -> bool:
+        """Acquires the lock. Returns True if acquired, False otherwise."""
+        effective_timeout = timeout if timeout is not None else self.timeout
+        
+        async with self._lock:
+            start_time = datetime.datetime.now()
+            while True:
+                acquired = await self.storage.set(self.lock_name, "locked", nx=True, px=int(effective_timeout * 1000)) 
+                if acquired:
+                    logger.debug(f"Lock '{self.lock_name}' acquired.")
+                    return True
+                
+                if not blocking:
+                    logger.debug(f"Lock '{self.lock_name}' could not be acquired (non-blocking).")
+                    return False
+                
+                
+                if (datetime.datetime.now() - start_time).total_seconds() > effective_timeout:
+                    logger.warning(f"Timeout while trying to acquire lock '{self.lock_name}'.")
+                    return False
+                
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.1) 
+
+    async def release(self) -> bool:
+        """Releases the lock."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            
+            
+            
+            await self.storage.delete(self.lock_name)
+            logger.debug(f"Lock '{self.lock_name}' released.")
+            return True
+
+    async def __aenter__(self):
+        """Context manager entry point for acquiring the lock."""
+        if not await self.acquire():
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to acquire lock '{self.lock_name}'.")
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        """Context manager exit point for releasing the lock."""
+        await self.release()
+
+class ModelRegistry:
+    """Manages a registry of machine learning models."""
+    def __init__(self, storage: DataStorage):
+        self.storage = storage
+        self._registry: Dict[str, Any] = {} 
+        self._loaded_models: Dict[str, Any] = {} 
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        logger.info("ModelRegistry initialized.")
+
+    async def register_model(self, model_name: str, model_path_or_instance: Any):
+        """Registers a model by name."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            self._registry[model_name] = model_path_or_instance
+            
+            if not isinstance(model_path_or_instance, str): 
+                self._loaded_models[model_name] = model_path_or_instance
+            logger.info(f"Model '{model_name}' registered.")
+
+    async def load_model(self, model_name: str) -> Optional[Any]:
+        """Loads a model by name. Caches loaded models."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            if model_name in self._loaded_models:
+                logger.debug(f"Returning cached loaded model: '{model_name}'.")
+                return self._loaded_models[model_name]
+
+            if model_name not in self._registry:
+                logger.error(f"Model '{model_name}' not found in registry.")
+                return None
+
+            model_source = self._registry[model_name]
+            
+            
+            
+            
+            if isinstance(model_source, str):
+                try:
+                    
+                    
+                    loaded_model = f"Loaded_model_from_{model_source}"
+                    self._loaded_models[model_name] = loaded_model
+                    logger.info(f"Model '{model_name}' loaded from '{model_source}'.")
+                    return loaded_model
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.error(f"Failed to load model '{model_name}' from '{model_source}': {e}", exc_info=True)
+                    return None
+            else: 
+                self._loaded_models[model_name] = model_source
+                logger.info(f"Model '{model_name}' is an instance and already loaded.")
+                return model_source
+    
+    async def predict(self, model_name: str, data: Any) -> Any:
+        """Makes a prediction using a loaded model."""
+        model = await self.load_model(model_name)
+        if model:
+            
+            prediction = f"Prediction for {model_name} with data {data}"
+            logger.debug(f"Prediction made for model '{model_name}'.")
+            return prediction
+        return None
+
+class MetricsReporter:
+    """Collects and reports application metrics."""
+    def __init__(self, storage: DataStorage):
+        self.storage = storage
+        self._metrics: Dict[str, float] = {}
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        logger.info("MetricsReporter initialized.")
+
+    async def increment_counter(self, metric_name: str, value: float = 1.0):
+        """Increments a counter metric."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            self._metrics[metric_name] = self._metrics.get(metric_name, 0.0) + value
+            logger.debug(f"Metric '{metric_name}' incremented by {value}. New value: {self._metrics[metric_name]}.")
+
+    async def set_gauge(self, metric_name: str, value: float):
+        """Sets a gauge metric to a specific value."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            self._metrics[metric_name] = value
+            logger.debug(f"Metric '{metric_name}' set to {value}.")
+
+    async def get_metrics(self) -> Dict[str, float]:
+        """Returns a snapshot of all current metrics."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            return self._metrics.copy()
+
+    async def report_metrics(self):
+        """Saves the current metrics to storage (e.g., for later analysis)."""
+        current_metrics = await self.get_metrics()
+        timestamp = datetime.datetime.now().isoformat()
+        await self.storage.set(f"metrics_report_{timestamp}", current_metrics)
+        logger.info(f"Metrics reported at {timestamp}.")
+
+class StateMachine:
+    """Manages complex state transitions."""
+    def __init__(self, initial_state: str):
+        self.current_state = initial_state
+        self.transitions: Dict[Tuple[str, str], Callable[..., Awaitable[None]]] = {}
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        logger.info(f"StateMachine initialized with initial state: '{initial_state}'.")
+
+    def add_transition(self, from_state: str, to_state: str, action: Callable[..., Awaitable[None]]):
+        """Adds a transition rule from one state to another, with an optional action."""
+        self.transitions[(from_state, to_state)] = action
+        logger.info(f"Transition added: '{from_state}' -> '{to_state}' with action '{action.__name__}'.")
+
+    async def transition(self, event: str, *args, **kwargs) -> bool:
+        """Triggers a state transition based on an event."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            potential_next_state = None
+            action = None
+
+            
+            
+            
+            
+            
+            
+
+            
+            
+            
+            
+            
+            
+            
+            
+            
+
+            
+            
+
+            
+            
+            
+            
+            possible_transitions = [(fs, ts) for fs, ts in self.transitions.keys() if fs == self.current_state]
+            
+            found_transition = False
+            for fs, ts in possible_transitions:
+                
+                
+                if event == ts: 
+                    potential_next_state = ts
+                    action = self.transitions[(fs, ts)]
+                    found_transition = True
+                    break
+            
+            if found_transition:
+                logger.info(f"Transitioning from '{self.current_state}' to '{potential_next_state}' on event '{event}'.")
+                if action:
+                    await action(*args, **kwargs)
+                self.current_state = potential_next_state
+                logger.info(f"Current state is now: '{self.current_state}'.")
+                return True
+            else:
+                logger.warning(f"No valid transition found from state '{self.current_state}' on event '{event}'.")
+                return False
+
+    async def get_state(self) -> str:
+        """Gets the current state."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            return self.current_state
+
+class RoleBasedAccessControl:
+    """Manages user roles and permissions."""
+    def __init__(self, storage: DataStorage):
+        self.storage = storage
+        self._roles: Dict[str, List[str]] = {} 
+        self._permissions: Dict[str, List[str]] = {} 
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        logger.info("RoleBasedAccessControl initialized.")
+
+    async def add_role_to_user(self, user_id: str, role: str):
+        """Assigns a role to a user."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            if user_id not in self._roles:
+                self._roles[user_id] = []
+            if role not in self._roles[user_id]:
+                self._roles[user_id].append(role)
+                await self._save_roles()
+                logger.info(f"Role '{role}' assigned to user {user_id}.")
+
+    async def remove_role_from_user(self, user_id: str, role: str):
+        """Removes a role from a user."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            if user_id in self._roles and role in self._roles[user_id]:
+                self._roles[user_id].remove(role)
+                await self._save_roles()
+                logger.info(f"Role '{role}' removed from user {user_id}.")
+
+    async def define_role_permissions(self, role: str, permissions: List[str]):
+        """Defines the permissions for a specific role."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            self._permissions[role] = permissions
+            await self._save_permissions()
+            logger.info(f"Permissions defined for role '{role}': {permissions}.")
+
+    async def user_has_permission(self, user_id: str, required_permission: str) -> bool:
+        """Checks if a user has a specific permission."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            user_roles = self._roles.get(user_id, [])
+            for role in user_roles:
+                role_permissions = self._permissions.get(role, [])
+                if required_permission in role_permissions:
+                    logger.debug(f"User {user_id} has permission '{required_permission}' via role '{role}'.")
+                    return True
+            logger.debug(f"User {user_id} does NOT have permission '{required_permission}'.")
+            return False
+
+    async def _save_roles(self):
+        """Saves the current role assignments."""
+        await self.storage.set("rbac_roles", self._roles)
+
+    async def _save_permissions(self):
+        """Saves the current role permissions."""
+        await self.storage.set("rbac_permissions", self._permissions)
+
+    async def load_from_storage(self):
+        """Loads roles and permissions from storage."""
+        async with self._lock:
+            roles_data = await self.storage.get("rbac_roles")
+            if roles_data:
+                self._roles = roles_data
+                logger.info("RBAC roles loaded from storage.")
+            perms_data = await self.storage.get("rbac_permissions")
+            if perms_data:
+                self._permissions = perms_data
+                logger.info("RBAC permissions loaded from storage.")
+
+
+class MockMessage:
+    def __init__(self, text: str = "", user_id: str = "test_user", chat_id: str = "test_chat"):
+        self.text = text
+        self.from_user = type('User', (object,), {'id': user_id})()
+        self.chat = type('Chat', (object,), {'id': chat_id})()
+
+    async def reply(self, text: str):
+        print(f"Mock Reply to {self.from_user.id}: {text}")
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.01) 
+