PyDecisionGraph 0.3.2.post1__cp315-cp315t-win_amd64.whl

decision_graph/decision_tree/native/abc.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1167 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import linecache
+import operator
+import sys
+import uuid
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, Self, final
+
+from . import LOGGER
+from ..exc import *
+
+LOGGER = LOGGER.getChild('abc')
+
+__all__ = ['Singleton',
+           'NodeEdgeCondition', 'ConditionElse', 'ConditionAny', 'ConditionAuto', 'BinaryCondition', 'ConditionTrue', 'ConditionFalse',
+           'NO_CONDITION', 'ELSE_CONDITION', 'AUTO_CONDITION', 'TRUE_CONDITION', 'FALSE_CONDITION',
+           'SkipContextsBlock', 'LogicExpression', 'LogicNode',
+           'LogicGroupManager', 'LGM', 'LogicGroup',
+           'ActionNode', 'BreakpointNode', 'PlaceholderNode',
+           'NoAction', 'LongAction', 'ShortAction', 'CancelAction']
+
+
+class Singleton(type):
+    _instances = {}
+
+    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        if cls not in cls._instances:
+            cls._instances[cls] = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
+        return cls._instances[cls]
+
+
+class NodeEdgeCondition(metaclass=Singleton):
+    def __init__(self, value=None):
+        self._value = value
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self._value)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f'<{self.__class__.__name__} {id(self):#0x}>'
+
+    @property
+    def value(self):
+        if self._value is None:
+            raise ValueError("Condition has no value assigned.")
+        return self._value
+
+    @value.setter
+    def value(self, value):
+        self._value = value
+
+
+class ConditionElse(NodeEdgeCondition):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__()
+        self._value = None
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return id(self)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f'<CONDITION Internal {id(self):#0x}>(Else)'
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'Else'
+
+    @NodeEdgeCondition.value.setter
+    def value(self, value):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class ConditionAny(NodeEdgeCondition):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__()
+        self._value = None
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return id(self)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f'<CONDITION {id(self):#0x}>(Unconditional)'
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'Unconditional'
+
+    @NodeEdgeCondition.value.setter
+    def value(self, value):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class ConditionAuto(NodeEdgeCondition):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__()
+        self._value = None
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f'<CONDITION Internal {id(self):#0x}>(AutoInfer)'
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'AutoInfer'
+
+
+class BinaryCondition(NodeEdgeCondition):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__()
+        self._value = None
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return id(self)
+
+    def __invert__(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @NodeEdgeCondition.value.setter
+    def value(self, value):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class ConditionTrue(BinaryCondition):
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f'<CONDITION {id(self):#0x}>(True)'
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'True'
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return True
+
+    def __int__(self):
+        return 1
+
+    def __neg__(self):
+        return FALSE_CONDITION
+
+    def __invert__(self):
+        return FALSE_CONDITION
+
+    @property
+    def value(self):
+        return True
+
+
+class ConditionFalse(BinaryCondition):
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f'<CONDITION {id(self):#0x}>(False)'
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'False'
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return False
+
+    def __int__(self):
+        return 0
+
+    def __neg__(self):
+        return TRUE_CONDITION
+
+    def __invert__(self):
+        return TRUE_CONDITION
+
+    @property
+    def value(self):
+        return False
+
+
+NO_CONDITION = ConditionAny()
+ELSE_CONDITION = ConditionElse()
+AUTO_CONDITION = ConditionAuto()
+TRUE_CONDITION = ConditionTrue()
+FALSE_CONDITION = ConditionFalse()
+
+
+class SkipContextsBlock(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.skip_exception = type(f"{self.__class__.__name__}SkipException", (EmptyBlock,), {"owner": self})
+        self.tracer_override = False
+        self.default_entry_check = True
+        self.__cframe = None
+        self.__original_trace = None
+        self.__enter_line = None
+
+    def _entry_check(self) -> Any:
+        return self.default_entry_check
+
+    @final
+    def __enter__(self):
+        if self._entry_check():  # Check if the expression evaluates to True
+            self._on_enter()
+            return self
+
+        self.__cframe = sys._getframe().f_back
+        self.__original_trace = self.get_trace()
+        self.__enter_line = (self.__cframe.f_code.co_filename, self.__cframe.f_lineno)
+        self.__cframe.f_trace = self.__tracer_skipper
+        sys.settrace(self.__tracer_skipper)
+        self.tracer_override = True
+
+    @final
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback):
+        sys.settrace(None)
+        self.__restore_trace()
+
+        if exc_type is None:
+            self._on_exit()
+            return
+
+        if issubclass(exc_type, self.skip_exception):
+            return True
+
+        self._on_exit()
+        # Propagate any other exception raised in the block
+        return False
+
+    def _on_enter(self):
+        pass
+
+    def _on_exit(self):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_trace():
+        try:
+            # Check if PyDev debugger is active
+            # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
+            import pydevd
+            debugger = pydevd.GetGlobalDebugger()
+            if debugger is not None:
+                return debugger.trace_dispatch  # Use PyDev's trace function
+        except ImportError:
+            pass  # PyDev debugger is not installed or active
+
+        # Fall back to the standard trace function
+        return sys.gettrace()
+
+    def __restore_trace(self):
+        if self.tracer_override:
+            # print('[restore_trace]', f'storing tracer to {self.__original_trace}.')
+            self.__cframe.f_trace = self.__original_trace
+            sys.settrace(self.__original_trace)  # Restore the original trace
+
+    def __tracer_skipper(self, frame, event, arg):
+        line = linecache.getline(frame.f_code.co_filename, frame.f_lineno).strip()
+        # print(f'[SkipContextsBlock]', line, frame, event, arg, (frame.f_code.co_filename, frame.f_lineno), self.__enter_line)
+        if line.startswith(('pass', '...')):
+            return self.__tracer_skipper
+        elif self.__enter_line == (frame.f_code.co_filename, frame.f_lineno):
+            # print(f'[SkipContextsBlock]', 'Restoring trace...')
+            self.__restore_trace()
+            return self.__tracer_skipper
+        elif self.tracer_override:
+            raise self.skip_exception("Expression evaluated to be False, cannot enter the block.")
+
+
+class LogicExpression(SkipContextsBlock):
+    def __init__(self, *, expression: float | int | bool | Exception | Callable[[], Any], dtype: type = None, repr: str = None, uid: uuid.UUID = None):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.expression = expression
+        self.dtype = dtype
+        self.repr = repr if repr is not None else str(expression)
+        self.uid = uuid.uuid4() if uid is None else uid
+
+    def _entry_check(self) -> Any:
+        return bool(self._eval(False))
+
+    def eval(self, enforce_dtype: bool = False) -> Any:
+        return self._eval(enforce_dtype)
+
+    def _eval(self, enforce_dtype: bool) -> Any:
+        if isinstance(self.expression, (float, int, bool, str)):
+            value = self.expression
+        elif callable(self.expression):
+            value = self.expression()
+        elif isinstance(self.expression, Exception):
+            raise self.expression
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"Unsupported expression type: {type(self.expression)}.")
+
+        if self.dtype is Any or self.dtype is None:
+            pass  # No type enforcement
+        elif enforce_dtype:
+            value = self.dtype(value)
+        elif not isinstance(value, self.dtype):
+            LOGGER.warning(f"Evaluated value {value} does not match dtype {self.dtype.__name__}.")
+
+        return value
+
+    @classmethod
+    def cast(cls, value: int | float | bool | Exception | Self, dtype: type = None) -> Self:
+        if isinstance(value, LogicExpression):
+            return value
+        if isinstance(value, (int, float, bool)):
+            return LogicExpression(
+                expression=value,
+                dtype=dtype or type(value),
+                repr=str(value)
+            )
+        if callable(value):
+            return LogicExpression(
+                expression=value,
+                dtype=dtype or Any,
+                repr=f"Eval({value})"
+            )
+        if isinstance(value, Exception):
+            return LogicExpression(
+                expression=value,
+                dtype=dtype or Any,
+                repr=f"Raises({type(value).__name__}: {value})"
+            )
+        raise TypeError(f"Unsupported type for LogicExpression conversion: {type(value)}.")
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        value = self.eval()
+        if isinstance(value, LogicExpression):
+            return True
+        return bool(value)
+
+    def __and__(self, other: Self | bool) -> Self:
+        other_expr = self.cast(value=other, dtype=bool)
+        new_expr = LogicExpression(
+            expression=lambda: self.eval() and other_expr.eval(),
+            dtype=bool,
+            repr=f"({self.repr} and {other_expr.repr})"
+        )
+        return new_expr
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: int | float | bool | str | Self) -> bool:
+        """
+        This behavior must differ from the CAPI version.
+        Python interface of __eq__ must return a boolean value.
+        Otherwise it interferes with the __contains__ operation.
+        Comparing reference is the most safe way.
+        """
+        return id(self) == id(other)
+
+    def __or__(self, other: Self | bool) -> Self:
+        other_expr = self.cast(value=other, dtype=bool)
+        new_expr = LogicExpression(
+            expression=lambda: self.eval() or other_expr.eval(),
+            dtype=bool,
+            repr=f"({self.repr} or {other_expr.repr})"
+        )
+        return new_expr
+
+    # Math operators
+    @staticmethod
+    def _math_op(self: LogicExpression, other: int | float | LogicExpression, op: Callable, operator_str: str, dtype: type = None) -> LogicExpression:
+        other_expr = LogicExpression.cast(other)
+
+        if dtype is None:
+            dtype = self.dtype
+
+        new_expr = LogicExpression(
+            expression=lambda: op(self.eval(), other_expr.eval()),
+            dtype=dtype,
+            repr=f"({self.repr} {operator_str} {other_expr.repr})",
+        )
+        return new_expr
+
+    def __add__(self, other: int | float | bool | Self) -> Self:
+        return LogicExpression._math_op(self, other, operator.add, "+", None)
+
+    def __sub__(self, other: int | float | bool | Self) -> Self:
+        return LogicExpression._math_op(self, other, operator.sub, "-", None)
+
+    def __mul__(self, other: int | float | bool | Self) -> Self:
+        return LogicExpression._math_op(self, other, operator.mul, "*", None)
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other: int | float | bool | Self) -> Self:
+        return LogicExpression._math_op(self, other, operator.truediv, "/", None)
+
+    def __floordiv__(self, other: int | float | bool | Self) -> Self:
+        return LogicExpression._math_op(self, other, operator.floordiv, "//", None)
+
+    def __pow__(self, other: int | float | bool | Self) -> Self:
+        return LogicExpression._math_op(self, other, operator.pow, "**", None)
+
+    # Comparison operators, note that __eq__, __ne__ is special and should not implement as math operator
+    def __lt__(self, other: int | float | bool | Self) -> Self:
+        return LogicExpression._math_op(self, other, operator.lt, "<", bool)
+
+    def __le__(self, other: int | float | bool | Self) -> Self:
+        return LogicExpression._math_op(self, other, operator.le, "<=", bool)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: int | float | bool | Self) -> Self:
+        return LogicExpression._math_op(self, other, operator.gt, ">", bool)
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: int | float | bool | Self) -> Self:
+        return LogicExpression._math_op(self, other, operator.ge, ">=", bool)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__}>(dtype={'Any' if self.dtype is None else self.dtype.__name__}, repr={self.repr})"
+
+
+class LogicGroupManager(metaclass=Singleton):
+    def __init__(self):
+        # Dictionary to store cached LogicGroup instances
+        self._cache = {}
+
+        # Stack cursors: top of stack is at index 0
+        self._active_groups: list[LogicGroup] = []
+        self._active_nodes: list[LogicNode] = []
+        self._breakpoint_nodes: list[BreakpointNode] = []
+        self._shelved_state: list[dict] = []
+
+        self.inspection_mode = False
+        self.vigilant_mode = False
+
+    def __call__(self, name: str, cls: type[LogicGroup], **kwargs) -> LogicGroup:
+        reg_key = (cls.__module__, cls.__qualname__)
+        registry = self._cache.get(reg_key)
+        if registry is None:
+            registry = self._cache[reg_key] = {}
+
+        if name in registry:
+            return registry[name]
+
+        logic_group = cls(name=name, **kwargs)
+        registry[name] = logic_group
+        return logic_group
+
+    def __contains__(self, instance: LogicGroup) -> bool:
+        cls = instance.__class__
+        name = instance.name
+        reg_key = (cls.__module__, cls.__qualname__)
+        registry = self._cache.get(reg_key)
+        if registry is None:
+            return False
+        return name in registry
+
+    def _lg_enter(self, logic_group: LogicGroup):
+        # Set parent if there's an active group
+        if self._active_groups:
+            logic_group.parent = self._active_groups[0]
+        self._active_groups.insert(0, logic_group)
+
+    def _lg_exit(self, logic_group: LogicGroup = None):
+        if not self._active_groups:
+            raise RuntimeError("No active LogicGroup to exit.")
+
+        current = self._active_groups[0]
+        if logic_group is not None and current is not logic_group:
+            raise AssertionError("The LogicGroup is not currently active.")
+        # If logic_group is None, we exit the top one (current)
+
+        # Activate pending breakpoints tied to this group
+        for node in self._breakpoint_nodes:
+            if node.break_from is current:
+                node.await_connection = True
+
+        self._active_groups.pop(0)
+
+    def _ln_enter(self, logic_node: LogicNode):
+        if isinstance(logic_node, ActionNode):
+            LOGGER.error('Enter the with code block of an ActionNode rejected. Check if this is intentional?')
+            return
+
+        # Connect and remove all awaiting breakpoint nodes
+        for breakpoint_node in self._breakpoint_nodes[:]:
+            if breakpoint_node.await_connection:
+                breakpoint_node._connect(logic_node)
+                self._breakpoint_nodes.remove(breakpoint_node)
+
+        # If no active node, push directly
+        if not self._active_nodes:
+            self._active_nodes.insert(0, logic_node)
+            return
+
+        # Otherwise, get current active node (top = index 0)
+        active_node = self._active_nodes[0]
+        placeholder = active_node._get_placeholder()
+        active_node._replace(placeholder, logic_node)
+        self._active_nodes.insert(0, logic_node)
+
+    def _ln_exit(self, logic_node: LogicNode):
+        if not self._active_nodes or self._active_nodes[0] is not logic_node:
+            raise AssertionError("The LogicNode is not currently active.")
+        self._active_nodes.pop(0)
+
+    def shelve(self):
+        shelved = {
+            'active_groups': self._active_groups.copy(),
+            'active_nodes': self._active_nodes.copy(),
+            'breakpoint_nodes': self._breakpoint_nodes.copy(),
+            'inspection_mode': self.inspection_mode,
+            'vigilant_mode': self.vigilant_mode,
+        }
+        self._shelved_state.insert(0, shelved)
+
+        # Reset to clean state
+        self._active_groups = []
+        self._active_nodes = []
+        self._breakpoint_nodes = []
+
+        return shelved
+
+    def unshelve(self):
+        if not self._shelved_state:
+            raise RuntimeError("No shelved state to unshelve.")
+
+        state = self._shelved_state.pop(0)
+
+        self._active_groups = state['active_groups']
+        self._active_nodes = state['active_nodes']
+        self._breakpoint_nodes = state['breakpoint_nodes']
+        self.inspection_mode = state['inspection_mode']
+        self.vigilant_mode = state['vigilant_mode']
+
+    def clear(self):
+        self._cache.clear()
+        self._active_groups.clear()
+        self._active_nodes.clear()
+        self._breakpoint_nodes.clear()
+
+    @property
+    def active_group(self) -> LogicGroup | None:
+        return self._active_groups[0] if self._active_groups else None
+
+    @property
+    def active_node(self) -> LogicNode | None:
+        return self._active_nodes[0] if self._active_nodes else None
+
+
+LGM = LogicGroupManager()
+
+
+class LogicGroup(object):
+    def __init__(self, *, name: str = None, parent: LogicGroup = None, contexts: dict | None = None, **kwargs):
+        self.name = f"{self.__class__.__name__}.{uuid.uuid4()}" if name is None else name
+
+        if self in LGM:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"LogicGroup {name} of type {self.__class__.__name__} already exists!")
+
+        self.parent = parent
+        self.Break = type(f"{self.__class__.__name__}Break", (BreakBlock,), {})
+        self.contexts = {} if contexts is None else contexts
+
+    def _break_inspection(self) -> None:
+        # Case 1: No active node, breaks affect nothing
+        if not LGM._active_nodes:
+            return
+
+        active_node = LGM._active_nodes[0]  # top of stack
+
+        # Step 2.1: Locate placeholder and replace with breakpoint
+        placeholder = active_node._get_placeholder()
+        breakpoint_node = BreakpointNode()
+        breakpoint_node.break_from = self
+        active_node._replace(placeholder, breakpoint_node)
+
+        # Step 2.2: Push to global breakpoint stack
+        LGM._breakpoint_nodes.insert(0, breakpoint_node)
+
+    def _break_active(self) -> None:
+        if not LGM._active_groups:
+            raise RuntimeError("No active LogicGroup to break from.")
+        active_group = LGM._active_groups[0]
+        if active_group is not self:
+            raise IndexError('Not breaking from the top active LogicGroup.')
+        raise self.Break()
+
+    def _break_runtime(self) -> None:
+        if not LGM._active_nodes:
+            raise RuntimeError("No active node context to break from.")
+
+        # Step 1: Validate that this group is in the active group stack
+        if self not in LGM._active_groups:
+            raise ValueError(f"Break scope {self} not in active LogicGroup stack.")
+
+        # Step 2: Unwind the group stack from top until we hit `self`
+        # We iterate from the top (end of list) downward
+        for group in LGM._active_groups[:]:
+            group._break_active()
+            if group is self:
+                break
+
+    # === Python Interfaces ===
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'<{self.__class__.__name__}>({self.name!r})'
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        LGM._lg_enter(self)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type: type | None, exc_value: BaseException | None, exc_traceback: Any) -> bool | None:
+        LGM._lg_exit(self)
+
+        if exc_type is None:
+            return None
+
+        # Suppress only the dynamically created Break exception for this group
+        if issubclass(exc_type, self.Break):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def break_(cls, scope: LogicGroup = None) -> None:
+        if scope is None:
+            scope = LGM.active_group
+
+        if scope is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("No active LogicGroup to break from.")
+
+        if LGM.inspection_mode:
+            scope._break_inspection()
+        else:
+            scope._break_runtime()
+
+    def break_active(self) -> None:
+        self._break_active()
+
+    def break_inspection(self) -> None:
+        self._break_inspection()
+
+    def break_runtime(self) -> None:
+        self._break_runtime()
+
+
+class LogicNode(LogicExpression):
+    def __init__(self, *, expression: float | int | bool | Exception | Callable[[], Any], dtype: type = None, repr: str = None, uid: uuid.UUID = None):
+        super().__init__(expression=expression, dtype=dtype, repr=repr, uid=uid)
+
+        self.subordinates = []
+        self.condition_to_parent = NO_CONDITION
+        self.parent = None
+        self.children = {}
+        self.labels = [_.name for _ in LGM._active_groups]
+        self.autogen = False
+
+    def _infer_condition(self, child: LogicNode) -> NodeEdgeCondition:
+        size = len(self.subordinates)
+
+        # Case 1: No child node registered, the first child is always TRUE unless specified
+        if size == 0:
+            return TRUE_CONDITION
+
+        last_node = self.subordinates[0]
+        last_condition = last_node.condition_to_parent
+
+        # Case 1: Only 1 child node registered, the second child is always opposite of the first
+        if size == 1 and isinstance(last_condition, BinaryCondition):
+            if last_condition is TRUE_CONDITION:
+                return FALSE_CONDITION
+            else:
+                return TRUE_CONDITION
+
+        # Case 2: Only 1 child node registered, and the first condition is not specified.
+        if size == 1 and isinstance(last_condition, ConditionElse):
+            # Case 2.1: If the child is auto generated, we can assume this child should be TRUE
+            if last_node.autogen:
+                return TRUE_CONDITION
+            # Case 2.2: Otherwise, we cannot infer the condition
+
+        if size == 1:
+            raise EdgeValueError('Cannot auto-infer condition from single existing non-binary condition.')
+
+        second_node = self.subordinates[1]
+        second_condition = second_node.condition_to_parent
+        # Case 3: check if any 2 node is from autogeneration
+        # Returning the condition of the auto-generated node, so that it can be replaced later.
+        if last_node.autogen:
+            return last_condition
+        elif second_node.autogen:
+            return second_condition
+
+        if size > 2:
+            raise TooManyChildren(size)
+        # Case 4: both conditions are non-binary, cannot infer
+        raise EdgeValueError('Cannot auto-infer condition for non-binary existing condition.')
+
+    def _get_placeholder(self) -> PlaceholderNode:
+        if not self.subordinates:
+            placeholder = PlaceholderNode(auto_connect=False)
+            self._append(placeholder, TRUE_CONDITION)
+            return placeholder
+
+        # Case 2: Traverse the stack to find existing placeholder
+        for node in self.subordinates:
+            if isinstance(node, PlaceholderNode):
+                return node
+
+        # Case 3: No existing placeholder, create a new one with AUTO_CONDITION.
+        placeholder = PlaceholderNode(auto_connect=False)
+        # c_append will validate and infer the condition, and raise error as we intended.
+        self._append(placeholder, AUTO_CONDITION)
+        return placeholder
+
+    def _append(self, child: LogicNode, condition: NodeEdgeCondition) -> None:
+        if condition is None:
+            raise ValueError("LogicNode must have an valid edge condition.")
+
+        if condition is AUTO_CONDITION:
+            condition = self._infer_condition(child)
+
+        if condition in self.children:
+            raise KeyError(f"Edge {condition} already registered.")
+
+        self.children[condition] = child
+        self.subordinates.insert(0, child)
+        child.parent = self
+        child.condition_to_parent = condition
+
+    def _overwrite(self, new_node: LogicNode, condition: NodeEdgeCondition) -> None:
+        if condition is None:
+            raise ValueError("LogicNode must have an valid edge condition.")
+
+        if condition is AUTO_CONDITION:
+            condition = self._infer_condition(new_node)
+
+        if condition not in self.children:
+            raise KeyError(f"Edge {condition} not registered, cannot overwrite.")
+
+        original_node = self.children[condition]
+        self.children[condition] = new_node
+        new_node.parent = self
+        new_node.condition_to_parent = condition
+
+        self.subordinates[self.subordinates.index(original_node)] = new_node
+        original_node.parent = None
+        original_node.condition_to_parent = NO_CONDITION
+
+    def _replace(self, original_node: LogicNode, new_node: LogicNode) -> None:
+        # The __eq__ of LogicExpression is overloaded, so we must check identity here.
+        for node in LGM._active_nodes:
+            if node is original_node:
+                raise RuntimeError('Must not replace active node. Existing first required.')
+
+        self.subordinates[self.subordinates.index(original_node)] = new_node
+
+        self.children[original_node.condition_to_parent] = new_node
+        new_node.parent = self
+        new_node.condition_to_parent = original_node.condition_to_parent
+
+        original_node.parent = None
+        original_node.condition_to_parent = NO_CONDITION
+
+    def _validate(self):
+        if len(self.subordinates) != len(self.children):
+            raise NodeValueError('Subordinate stack size does not match registered children.')
+
+        for condition, child in self.children.items():
+            if child.condition_to_parent is not condition:
+                raise EdgeValueError('Child node condition does not match registered condition.')
+            if child not in self.subordinates:
+                raise ValueError(f"LogicNode {child} not found in stack")
+
+    def _eval_recursively(self, path: list | None = None, default: Any = NO_DEFAULT) -> tuple[Any, list]:
+        if path is None:
+            path = [self]
+        else:
+            path.append(self)
+
+        value = self._eval(False)
+        if self.is_leaf:
+            return value, path
+
+        else_branch = None
+        for child in self.subordinates:
+            condition = child.condition_to_parent
+            if condition is ELSE_CONDITION:
+                else_branch = child
+            elif condition is NO_CONDITION or value == condition.value:
+                return child._eval_recursively(path, default)
+
+        if else_branch is not None:
+            return else_branch._eval_recursively(path, default)
+
+        if default is NO_DEFAULT:
+            raise ValueError(f"No matching condition found for value {value} at '{self.repr}'.")
+
+        LOGGER.warning(f"No matching condition found for value {value} at '{self.repr}', using default {default}.")
+        return default, path
+
+    def _auto_fill(self) -> None:
+        size = len(self.children)
+        no_action = NoAction(auto_connect=False, autogen=True)
+
+        # Case 1: No child node registered
+        if size == 0:
+            LOGGER.warning(f"{self} having no [True] branch. Check the <with> statement code block to see if this is intended.")
+            self._append(no_action, NO_CONDITION)
+            return
+
+        node = self.subordinates[0]
+        condition = node.condition_to_parent
+
+        # Case 2: Single child node
+        if size == 1:
+            # Case 2.1: single child with no condition
+            if condition is NO_CONDITION:
+                return
+            # Case 2.2: single child deliberately set to ELSE
+            if condition is ELSE_CONDITION:
+                LOGGER.warning(f"{self} having no [True] branch. Check the <with> statement code block to see if this is intended.")
+                self._overwrite(no_action, TRUE_CONDITION)
+                return
+            # Case 2.4: single child with binary condition
+            if isinstance(condition, BinaryCondition):
+                self._append(no_action, ~condition)
+                return
+
+        # Case 3: Double Node
+        second_node = self.subordinates[1]
+        second_condition = second_node.condition_to_parent
+
+        if size == 2:
+            # Case 3.1: unconditioned branch not allowed with two branches
+            if condition is NO_CONDITION or second_condition is NO_CONDITION:
+                raise TooManyChildren('Cannot have unconditioned branch when there are two branches.')
+            # Case 3.2: one branch is ELSE — valid
+            if condition is ELSE_CONDITION or second_condition is ELSE_CONDITION:
+                return
+            # Case 3.3: both binary — valid
+            if isinstance(condition, BinaryCondition) and isinstance(second_condition, BinaryCondition):
+                return
+            # Case 3.4: both non-binary — add protective else
+            if not isinstance(condition, BinaryCondition) and not isinstance(second_condition, BinaryCondition):
+                self._append(no_action, ELSE_CONDITION)
+                return
+            raise EdgeValueError(f'Conflicting conditions detected, {condition} and {second_condition}.')
+
+        # Case 4: Multiple nodes (>2)
+        else_detected = False
+        for cond in self.children:
+            if cond is NO_CONDITION:
+                raise TooManyChildren('Cannot have unconditioned branch when there are multiple branches.')
+            if cond is ELSE_CONDITION:
+                else_detected = True
+            if isinstance(cond, BinaryCondition):
+                raise TooManyChildren('Cannot have binary branch when there are more than 2 branches.')
+        if not else_detected:
+            self._append(no_action, ELSE_CONDITION)
+
+    def _consolidate_placeholder(self) -> int:
+        placeholder_count = 0
+        i = 0
+        while i < len(self.subordinates):
+            node = self.subordinates[i]
+            if isinstance(node, PlaceholderNode):
+                self._replace(node, NoAction(auto_connect=False, autogen=True))
+                placeholder_count += 1
+                # no increment: replacement maintains list length; continue checking same index
+            else:
+                i += 1
+        return placeholder_count
+
+    def _entry_check(self) -> bool:
+        if LGM.inspection_mode:
+            return True
+        return bool(self._eval(False))
+
+    def _on_enter(self) -> None:
+        # Placeholders must be in reversed order, so that locating placeholder works correctly.
+        self._append(PlaceholderNode(auto_connect=False), FALSE_CONDITION)
+        self._append(PlaceholderNode(auto_connect=False), TRUE_CONDITION)
+        LGM._ln_enter(self)
+
+    def _on_exit(self) -> None:
+        self._validate()
+        self._auto_fill()
+        self._consolidate_placeholder()
+        LGM._ln_exit(self)
+
+    # === Python Interfaces ===
+
+    def __rshift__(self, other: LogicNode) -> LogicNode:
+        self._append(other, AUTO_CONDITION)
+        return other  # Allow chaining
+
+    def __call__(self, default: Any = None) -> Any:
+        if default is None:
+            default = NoAction(auto_connect=False, autogen=True)
+        inspection_mode = LGM.inspection_mode
+        if inspection_mode:
+            LOGGER.info('LGM inspection mode temporarily disabled to evaluate correctly.')
+            LGM.inspection_mode = False
+        try:
+            path = []
+            value, _ = self._eval_recursively(path, default)
+            return value
+        finally:
+            LGM.inspection_mode = inspection_mode
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'<{self.__class__.__name__}>({self.repr!r})'
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return id(self)
+
+    def append(self, child: LogicNode, condition: NodeEdgeCondition = AUTO_CONDITION) -> None:
+        self._append(child, condition)
+
+    def overwrite(self, new_node: LogicNode, condition: NodeEdgeCondition) -> None:
+        self._overwrite(new_node, condition)
+
+    def replace(self, original_node: LogicNode, new_node: LogicNode) -> None:
+        self._replace(original_node, new_node)
+
+    def eval_recursively(self, path: list | None = None, default: Any = NO_DEFAULT) -> tuple[Any, list]:
+        return self._eval_recursively(path, default)
+
+    def list_labels(self) -> dict[str, list[LogicNode]]:
+        labels = {}
+
+        def traverse(node: LogicNode):
+            for group in node.labels:
+                labels.setdefault(group, []).append(node)
+            for child in node.children.values():
+                traverse(child)
+
+        traverse(self)
+        return labels
+
+    @property
+    def leaves(self):
+        if not self.subordinates:
+            yield self
+        else:
+            for child in self.subordinates:
+                yield from child.leaves
+
+    @property
+    def is_leaf(self) -> bool:
+        return not self.children
+
+    @property
+    def child_stack(self):
+        yield from self.subordinates
+
+    @property
+    def descendants(self):
+        for child in self.subordinates:
+            yield child
+            yield from child.descendants
+            frame = frame.prev
+
+
+class BreakpointNode(LogicNode):
+    def __init__(self, *, break_from: LogicGroup = None, expression: float | int | bool | Exception | Callable[[], Any] = None, dtype: type = None, repr: str = None, uid: uuid.UUID = None):
+        super().__init__(
+            expression=NoAction(auto_connect=False, autogen=True) if expression is None else expression,
+            dtype=dtype,
+            repr=repr,
+            uid=uid
+        )
+
+        self.break_from = break_from
+        self.autogen = True
+        self.await_connection = False
+
+    def _connect(self, child: LogicNode) -> None:
+        if self.subordinates:
+            raise TooManyChildren(f'{self.__class__.__name__} must not have more than one child node.')
+        self._append(child, NO_CONDITION)
+        self.await_connection = False
+
+    def _on_enter(self) -> None:
+        if self.subordinates:
+            raise TooManyChildren(f'{self.__class__.__name__} must not have more than one child node.')
+        self.await_connection = False
+        try:
+            LGM._breakpoint_nodes.remove(self)
+        except ValueError:  # list.remove, not the C stack's NodeNotFountError
+            pass
+        self._append(PlaceholderNode(auto_connect=False), NO_CONDITION)
+        LGM._active_nodes.insert(0, self)
+
+    def _on_exit(self) -> None:
+        LGM._ln_exit(self)
+
+    def _eval(self, enforce_dtype: bool) -> Any:
+        if not self.subordinates:
+            if LGM.vigilant_mode:
+                raise NodeValueError(f'{self} not connected.')
+            return self.expression
+
+        linked_to = self.subordinates[0]
+        return linked_to._eval(enforce_dtype)
+
+    def _eval_recursively(self, path: list | None = None, default: Any = NO_DEFAULT) -> tuple[Any, list]:
+        if path is None:
+            path = []
+        path.append(self)
+
+        if not self.subordinates:
+            if LGM.vigilant_mode:
+                raise NodeValueError(f'{self} not connected.')
+            return self.expression, path
+
+        linked_to = self.subordinates[0]
+        return linked_to._eval_recursively(path, default)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        if self.subordinates:
+            return f'<{self.__class__.__name__} connected>(break_from={self.break_from})'
+        elif self.await_connection:
+            return f'<{self.__class__.__name__} active>(break_from={self.break_from})'
+        elif self.parent:
+            return f'<{self.__class__.__name__} idle>(break_from={self.break_from})'
+        else:
+            return f'<{self.__class__.__name__} dangling>(break_from={self.break_from})'
+
+    @classmethod
+    def break_(cls, break_from: LogicGroup, **kwargs):
+        breakpoint_node = BreakpointNode(break_from=break_from, **kwargs)
+        active_node = LGM.active_node
+        placeholder = active_node._get_placeholder()
+        active_node._replace(placeholder, breakpoint_node)
+        return breakpoint_node
+
+    def connect(self, child: LogicNode) -> None:
+        self._connect(child)
+
+    @property
+    def linked_to(self) -> LogicNode | None:
+        return self.subordinates[0] if self.subordinates else None
+
+
+class ActionNode(LogicNode):
+    def __init__(
+            self,
+            *,
+            action: Callable[[], Any] | None = None,
+            expression: Any = None,
+            dtype: type = None,
+            repr: str | None = None,
+            uid: uuid.UUID = None,
+            auto_connect: bool = True,
+            **kwargs
+    ):
+        # Do not capture logic group labels — action nodes are leaves
+        super().__init__(expression=expression, dtype=dtype, repr=repr, uid=uid)
+
+        self.action = action
+
+        if auto_connect:
+            self._auto_connect()
+
+    def _auto_connect(self) -> None:
+        if not LGM._active_nodes:
+            if LGM.vigilant_mode:
+                raise NodeValueError(f'Cannot set ActionNode {self} as root node.')
+            return
+
+        active_node = LGM._active_nodes[0]  # top of stack
+        placeholder = active_node._get_placeholder()
+        active_node._replace(placeholder, self)
+
+    def _post_eval(self) -> None:
+        if self.action is not None:
+            self.action()
+
+    def _append(self, child: LogicNode, condition: NodeEdgeCondition) -> None:
+        raise TooManyChildren('Action node must not have any child node.')
+
+    def _on_enter(self) -> None:
+        raise NodeContextError('ActionNode does not support context management with <with> statement.')
+
+    def _on_exit(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def _eval_recursively(self, path: list | None = None, default: Any = NO_DEFAULT) -> tuple[Any, list]:
+        if path is None:
+            path = []
+        path.append(self)
+
+        value = self._eval(False)
+        self._post_eval()
+
+        if not self.is_leaf:
+            raise TooManyChildren('Action node must not have any child node.')
+
+        return value, path
+
+
+class PlaceholderNode(ActionNode):
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+        self.autogen = True
+        self.action = NoAction(auto_connect=False, autogen=True)
+
+    def _eval(self, enforce_dtype: bool) -> Any:
+        if LGM.vigilant_mode:
+            return self
+        return self.action
+
+
+class NoAction(ActionNode):
+    def __init__(self, sig: int = 0, repr='NoAction', autogen: bool = False, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(repr=repr, **kwargs)
+        self.sig = sig
+        self.autogen = autogen
+
+    def _eval(self, enforce_dtype: bool) -> Any:
+        return self
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'<{self.__class__.__name__}>(sig={self.sig})'
+
+    def __int__(self):
+        return self.sig
+
+
+class LongAction(ActionNode):
+    def __init__(self, *, sig: int = 1, repr='LongAction', **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(repr=repr, **kwargs)
+        self.sig = sig
+
+    def _eval(self, enforce_dtype: bool) -> Any:
+        return self
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'<{self.__class__.__name__}>(sig={self.sig})'
+
+    def __int__(self):
+        return self.sig
+
+
+class ShortAction(ActionNode):
+    def __init__(self, *, sig: int = -1, repr='ShortAction', **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(repr=repr, **kwargs)
+        self.sig = sig
+
+    def _eval(self, enforce_dtype: bool) -> Any:
+        return self
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'<{self.__class__.__name__}>(sig={self.sig})'
+
+    def __int__(self):
+        return self.sig
+
+
+class CancelAction(ActionNode):
+    def __init__(self, sig: int = 0, repr='CancelAction', **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(repr=repr, **kwargs)
+        self.sig = sig
+
+    def _eval(self, enforce_dtype: bool) -> Any:
+        return self
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'<{self.__class__.__name__}>(sig={self.sig})'
+
+    def __int__(self):
+        return self.sig
+
+
+class ClearAction(ActionNode):
+    def __init__(self, sig: int = 0, repr='ClearAction', **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(repr=repr, **kwargs)
+        self.sig = sig
+
+    def _eval(self, enforce_dtype: bool) -> Any:
+        return self
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'<{self.__class__.__name__}>(sig={self.sig})'
+
+    def __int__(self):
+        return self.sig