MemoryOS 2.0.3__py3-none-any.whl

memos/graph_dbs/nebular.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1794 @@
+import json
+import traceback
+
+from contextlib import suppress
+from datetime import datetime
+from threading import Lock
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar, Literal
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from memos.configs.graph_db import NebulaGraphDBConfig
+from memos.dependency import require_python_package
+from memos.graph_dbs.base import BaseGraphDB
+from memos.log import get_logger
+from memos.utils import timed
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from nebulagraph_python import (
+        NebulaClient,
+    )
+
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+_TRANSIENT_ERR_KEYS = (
+    "Session not found",
+    "Connection not established",
+    "timeout",
+    "deadline exceeded",
+    "Broken pipe",
+    "EOFError",
+    "socket closed",
+    "connection reset",
+    "connection refused",
+)
+
+
+@timed
+def _normalize(vec: list[float]) -> list[float]:
+    v = np.asarray(vec, dtype=np.float32)
+    norm = np.linalg.norm(v)
+    return (v / (norm if norm else 1.0)).tolist()
+
+
+@timed
+def _compose_node(item: dict[str, Any]) -> tuple[str, str, dict[str, Any]]:
+    node_id = item["id"]
+    memory = item["memory"]
+    metadata = item.get("metadata", {})
+    return node_id, memory, metadata
+
+
+@timed
+def _escape_str(value: str) -> str:
+    out = []
+    for ch in value:
+        code = ord(ch)
+        if ch == "\\":
+            out.append("\\\\")
+        elif ch == '"':
+            out.append('\\"')
+        elif ch == "\n":
+            out.append("\\n")
+        elif ch == "\r":
+            out.append("\\r")
+        elif ch == "\t":
+            out.append("\\t")
+        elif ch == "\b":
+            out.append("\\b")
+        elif ch == "\f":
+            out.append("\\f")
+        elif code < 0x20 or code in (0x2028, 0x2029):
+            out.append(f"\\u{code:04x}")
+        else:
+            out.append(ch)
+    return "".join(out)
+
+
+@timed
+def _format_datetime(value: str | datetime) -> str:
+    """Ensure datetime is in ISO 8601 format string."""
+    if isinstance(value, datetime):
+        return value.isoformat()
+    return str(value)
+
+
+@timed
+def _normalize_datetime(val):
+    """
+    Normalize datetime to ISO 8601 UTC string with +00:00.
+    - If val is datetime object -> keep isoformat() (Neo4j)
+    - If val is string without timezone -> append +00:00 (Nebula)
+    - Otherwise just str()
+    """
+    if hasattr(val, "isoformat"):
+        return val.isoformat()
+    if isinstance(val, str) and not val.endswith(("+00:00", "Z", "+08:00")):
+        return val + "+08:00"
+    return str(val)
+
+
+class NebulaGraphDB(BaseGraphDB):
+    """
+    NebulaGraph-based implementation of a graph memory store.
+    """
+
+    # ====== shared pool cache & refcount ======
+    # These are process-local; in a multi-process model each process will
+    # have its own cache.
+    _CLIENT_CACHE: ClassVar[dict[str, "NebulaClient"]] = {}
+    _CLIENT_REFCOUNT: ClassVar[dict[str, int]] = {}
+    _CLIENT_LOCK: ClassVar[Lock] = Lock()
+    _CLIENT_INIT_DONE: ClassVar[set[str]] = set()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_hosts_from_cfg(cfg: NebulaGraphDBConfig) -> list[str]:
+        hosts = getattr(cfg, "uri", None) or getattr(cfg, "hosts", None)
+        if isinstance(hosts, str):
+            return [hosts]
+        return list(hosts or [])
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_client_key(cfg: NebulaGraphDBConfig) -> str:
+        hosts = NebulaGraphDB._get_hosts_from_cfg(cfg)
+        return "|".join(
+            [
+                "nebula-sync",
+                ",".join(hosts),
+                str(getattr(cfg, "user", "")),
+                str(getattr(cfg, "space", "")),
+            ]
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _bootstrap_admin(cls, cfg: NebulaGraphDBConfig, client: "NebulaClient") -> "NebulaGraphDB":
+        tmp = object.__new__(NebulaGraphDB)
+        tmp.config = cfg
+        tmp.db_name = cfg.space
+        tmp.user_name = None
+        tmp.embedding_dimension = getattr(cfg, "embedding_dimension", 3072)
+        tmp.default_memory_dimension = 3072
+        tmp.common_fields = {
+            "id",
+            "memory",
+            "user_name",
+            "user_id",
+            "session_id",
+            "status",
+            "key",
+            "confidence",
+            "tags",
+            "created_at",
+            "updated_at",
+            "memory_type",
+            "sources",
+            "source",
+            "node_type",
+            "visibility",
+            "usage",
+            "background",
+        }
+        tmp.base_fields = set(tmp.common_fields) - {"usage"}
+        tmp.heavy_fields = {"usage"}
+        tmp.dim_field = (
+            f"embedding_{tmp.embedding_dimension}"
+            if str(tmp.embedding_dimension) != str(tmp.default_memory_dimension)
+            else "embedding"
+        )
+        tmp.system_db_name = cfg.space
+        tmp._client = client
+        tmp._owns_client = False
+        return tmp
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_or_create_shared_client(cls, cfg: NebulaGraphDBConfig) -> tuple[str, "NebulaClient"]:
+        from nebulagraph_python import (
+            ConnectionConfig,
+            NebulaClient,
+            SessionConfig,
+            SessionPoolConfig,
+        )
+
+        key = cls._make_client_key(cfg)
+        with cls._CLIENT_LOCK:
+            client = cls._CLIENT_CACHE.get(key)
+            if client is None:
+                # Connection setting
+
+                tmp_client = NebulaClient(
+                    hosts=cfg.uri,
+                    username=cfg.user,
+                    password=cfg.password,
+                    session_config=SessionConfig(graph=None),
+                    session_pool_config=SessionPoolConfig(size=1, wait_timeout=3000),
+                )
+                try:
+                    cls._ensure_space_exists(tmp_client, cfg)
+                finally:
+                    tmp_client.close()
+
+                conn_conf: ConnectionConfig | None = getattr(cfg, "conn_config", None)
+                if conn_conf is None:
+                    conn_conf = ConnectionConfig.from_defults(
+                        cls._get_hosts_from_cfg(cfg),
+                        getattr(cfg, "ssl_param", None),
+                    )
+
+                sess_conf = SessionConfig(graph=getattr(cfg, "space", None))
+                pool_conf = SessionPoolConfig(
+                    size=int(getattr(cfg, "max_client", 1000)), wait_timeout=5000
+                )
+
+                client = NebulaClient(
+                    hosts=conn_conf.hosts,
+                    username=cfg.user,
+                    password=cfg.password,
+                    conn_config=conn_conf,
+                    session_config=sess_conf,
+                    session_pool_config=pool_conf,
+                )
+                cls._CLIENT_CACHE[key] = client
+                cls._CLIENT_REFCOUNT[key] = 0
+                logger.info(f"[NebulaGraphDBSync] Created shared NebulaClient key={key}")
+
+            cls._CLIENT_REFCOUNT[key] = cls._CLIENT_REFCOUNT.get(key, 0) + 1
+
+            if getattr(cfg, "auto_create", False) and key not in cls._CLIENT_INIT_DONE:
+                try:
+                    pass
+                finally:
+                    pass
+
+        if getattr(cfg, "auto_create", False) and key not in cls._CLIENT_INIT_DONE:
+            with cls._CLIENT_LOCK:
+                if key not in cls._CLIENT_INIT_DONE:
+                    admin = cls._bootstrap_admin(cfg, client)
+                    try:
+                        admin._ensure_database_exists()
+                        admin._create_basic_property_indexes()
+                        admin._create_vector_index(
+                            dimensions=int(
+                                admin.embedding_dimension or admin.default_memory_dimension
+                            ),
+                        )
+                        cls._CLIENT_INIT_DONE.add(key)
+                        logger.info("[NebulaGraphDBSync] One-time init done")
+                    except Exception:
+                        logger.exception("[NebulaGraphDBSync] One-time init failed")
+
+        return key, client
+
+    def _refresh_client(self):
+        """
+        refresh NebulaClient:
+        """
+        old_key = getattr(self, "_client_key", None)
+        if not old_key:
+            return
+
+        cls = self.__class__
+        with cls._CLIENT_LOCK:
+            try:
+                if old_key in cls._CLIENT_CACHE:
+                    try:
+                        cls._CLIENT_CACHE[old_key].close()
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        logger.warning(f"[refresh_client] close old client error: {e}")
+                    finally:
+                        cls._CLIENT_CACHE.pop(old_key, None)
+            finally:
+                cls._CLIENT_REFCOUNT[old_key] = 0
+
+            new_key, new_client = cls._get_or_create_shared_client(self.config)
+            self._client_key = new_key
+            self._client = new_client
+            logger.info(f"[NebulaGraphDBSync] client refreshed: {old_key} -> {new_key}")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _release_shared_client(cls, key: str):
+        with cls._CLIENT_LOCK:
+            if key not in cls._CLIENT_CACHE:
+                return
+            cls._CLIENT_REFCOUNT[key] = max(0, cls._CLIENT_REFCOUNT.get(key, 0) - 1)
+            if cls._CLIENT_REFCOUNT[key] == 0:
+                try:
+                    cls._CLIENT_CACHE[key].close()
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.warning(f"[NebulaGraphDBSync] Error closing client: {e}")
+                finally:
+                    cls._CLIENT_CACHE.pop(key, None)
+                    cls._CLIENT_REFCOUNT.pop(key, None)
+                    logger.info(f"[NebulaGraphDBSync] Closed & removed client key={key}")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def close_all_shared_clients(cls):
+        with cls._CLIENT_LOCK:
+            for key, client in list(cls._CLIENT_CACHE.items()):
+                try:
+                    client.close()
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.warning(f"[NebulaGraphDBSync] Error closing client {key}: {e}")
+                finally:
+                    logger.info(f"[NebulaGraphDBSync] Closed client key={key}")
+            cls._CLIENT_CACHE.clear()
+            cls._CLIENT_REFCOUNT.clear()
+
+    @require_python_package(
+        import_name="nebulagraph_python",
+        install_command="pip install nebulagraph-python>=5.1.1",
+        install_link=".....",
+    )
+    def __init__(self, config: NebulaGraphDBConfig):
+        """
+        NebulaGraph DB client initialization.
+
+        Required config attributes:
+        - hosts: list[str] like ["host1:port", "host2:port"]
+        - user: str
+        - password: str
+        - db_name: str (optional for basic commands)
+
+        Example config:
+            {
+                "hosts": ["xxx.xx.xx.xxx:xxxx"],
+                "user": "root",
+                "password": "nebula",
+                "space": "test"
+            }
+        """
+
+        assert config.use_multi_db is False, "Multi-DB MODE IS NOT SUPPORTED"
+        self.config = config
+        self.db_name = config.space
+        self.user_name = config.user_name
+        self.embedding_dimension = config.embedding_dimension
+        self.default_memory_dimension = 3072
+        self.common_fields = {
+            "id",
+            "memory",
+            "user_name",
+            "user_id",
+            "session_id",
+            "status",
+            "key",
+            "confidence",
+            "tags",
+            "created_at",
+            "updated_at",
+            "memory_type",
+            "sources",
+            "source",
+            "node_type",
+            "visibility",
+            "usage",
+            "background",
+        }
+        self.base_fields = set(self.common_fields) - {"usage"}
+        self.heavy_fields = {"usage"}
+        self.dim_field = (
+            f"embedding_{self.embedding_dimension}"
+            if (str(self.embedding_dimension) != str(self.default_memory_dimension))
+            else "embedding"
+        )
+        self.system_db_name = config.space
+
+        # ---- NEW: pool acquisition strategy
+        # Get or create a shared pool from the class-level cache
+        self._client_key, self._client = self._get_or_create_shared_client(config)
+        self._owns_client = True
+
+        logger.info("Connected to NebulaGraph successfully.")
+
+    @timed
+    def execute_query(self, gql: str, timeout: float = 60.0, auto_set_db: bool = True):
+        def _wrap_use_db(q: str) -> str:
+            if auto_set_db and self.db_name:
+                return f"USE `{self.db_name}`\n{q}"
+            return q
+
+        try:
+            return self._client.execute(_wrap_use_db(gql), timeout=timeout)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            emsg = str(e)
+            if any(k.lower() in emsg.lower() for k in _TRANSIENT_ERR_KEYS):
+                logger.warning(f"[execute_query] {e!s} → refreshing session pool and retry once...")
+                try:
+                    self._refresh_client()
+                    return self._client.execute(_wrap_use_db(gql), timeout=timeout)
+                except Exception:
+                    logger.exception("[execute_query] retry after refresh failed")
+                    raise
+            raise
+
+    @timed
+    def close(self):
+        """
+        Close the connection resource if this instance owns it.
+
+        - If pool was injected (`shared_pool`), do nothing.
+        - If pool was acquired via shared cache, decrement refcount and close
+          when the last owner releases it.
+        """
+        if not self._owns_client:
+            logger.debug("[NebulaGraphDBSync] close() skipped (injected client).")
+            return
+        if self._client_key:
+            self._release_shared_client(self._client_key)
+            self._client_key = None
+            self._client = None
+
+    # NOTE: __del__ is best-effort; do not rely on GC order.
+    def __del__(self):
+        with suppress(Exception):
+            self.close()
+
+    @timed
+    def create_index(
+        self,
+        label: str = "Memory",
+        vector_property: str = "embedding",
+        dimensions: int = 3072,
+        index_name: str = "memory_vector_index",
+    ) -> None:
+        # Create vector index
+        self._create_vector_index(label, vector_property, dimensions, index_name)
+        # Create indexes
+        self._create_basic_property_indexes()
+
+    @timed
+    def remove_oldest_memory(
+        self, memory_type: str, keep_latest: int, user_name: str | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Remove all WorkingMemory nodes except the latest `keep_latest` entries.
+
+        Args:
+            memory_type (str): Memory type (e.g., 'WorkingMemory', 'LongTermMemory').
+            keep_latest (int): Number of latest WorkingMemory entries to keep.
+            user_name(str): optional user_name.
+        """
+        try:
+            user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+            optional_condition = f"AND n.user_name = '{user_name}'"
+            count = self.count_nodes(memory_type, user_name)
+            if count > keep_latest:
+                delete_query = f"""
+                    MATCH (n@Memory /*+ INDEX(idx_memory_user_name) */)
+                    WHERE n.memory_type = '{memory_type}'
+                    {optional_condition}
+                    ORDER BY n.updated_at DESC
+                    OFFSET {int(keep_latest)}
+                    DETACH DELETE n
+                """
+                self.execute_query(delete_query)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.warning(f"Delete old mem error: {e}")
+
+    @timed
+    def add_node(
+        self, id: str, memory: str, metadata: dict[str, Any], user_name: str | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Insert or update a Memory node in NebulaGraph.
+        """
+        metadata["user_name"] = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        now = datetime.utcnow()
+        metadata = metadata.copy()
+        metadata.setdefault("created_at", now)
+        metadata.setdefault("updated_at", now)
+        metadata["node_type"] = metadata.pop("type")
+        metadata["id"] = id
+        metadata["memory"] = memory
+
+        if "embedding" in metadata and isinstance(metadata["embedding"], list):
+            assert len(metadata["embedding"]) == self.embedding_dimension, (
+                f"input embedding dimension must equal to {self.embedding_dimension}"
+            )
+            embedding = metadata.pop("embedding")
+            metadata[self.dim_field] = _normalize(embedding)
+
+        metadata = self._metadata_filter(metadata)
+        properties = ", ".join(f"{k}: {self._format_value(v, k)}" for k, v in metadata.items())
+        gql = f"INSERT OR IGNORE (n@Memory {{{properties}}})"
+
+        try:
+            self.execute_query(gql)
+            logger.info("insert success")
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(
+                f"Failed to insert vertex {id}: gql: {gql}, {e}\ntrace: {traceback.format_exc()}"
+            )
+
+    @timed
+    def node_not_exist(self, scope: str, user_name: str | None = None) -> int:
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        filter_clause = f'n.memory_type = "{scope}" AND n.user_name = "{user_name}"'
+        query = f"""
+        MATCH (n@Memory /*+ INDEX(idx_memory_user_name) */)
+        WHERE {filter_clause}
+        RETURN n.id AS id
+        LIMIT 1
+        """
+
+        try:
+            result = self.execute_query(query)
+            return result.size == 0
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"[node_not_exist] Query failed: {e}", exc_info=True)
+            raise
+
+    @timed
+    def update_node(self, id: str, fields: dict[str, Any], user_name: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Update node fields in Nebular, auto-converting `created_at` and `updated_at` to datetime type if present.
+        """
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        fields = fields.copy()
+        set_clauses = []
+        for k, v in fields.items():
+            set_clauses.append(f"n.{k} = {self._format_value(v, k)}")
+
+        set_clause_str = ",\n    ".join(set_clauses)
+
+        query = f"""
+            MATCH (n@Memory {{id: "{id}"}})
+            """
+        query += f'WHERE n.user_name = "{user_name}"'
+
+        query += f"\nSET {set_clause_str}"
+        self.execute_query(query)
+
+    @timed
+    def delete_node(self, id: str, user_name: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Delete a node from the graph.
+        Args:
+            id: Node identifier to delete.
+            user_name (str, optional): User name for filtering in non-multi-db mode
+        """
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        query = f"""
+            MATCH (n@Memory {{id: "{id}"}}) WHERE n.user_name = {self._format_value(user_name)}
+            DETACH DELETE n
+            """
+        self.execute_query(query)
+
+    @timed
+    def add_edge(self, source_id: str, target_id: str, type: str, user_name: str | None = None):
+        """
+        Create an edge from source node to target node.
+        Args:
+            source_id: ID of the source node.
+            target_id: ID of the target node.
+            type: Relationship type (e.g., 'RELATE_TO', 'PARENT').
+            user_name (str, optional): User name for filtering in non-multi-db mode
+        """
+        if not source_id or not target_id:
+            raise ValueError("[add_edge] source_id and target_id must be provided")
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        props = ""
+        props = f'{{user_name: "{user_name}"}}'
+        insert_stmt = f'''
+               MATCH (a@Memory {{id: "{source_id}"}}), (b@Memory {{id: "{target_id}"}})
+               INSERT (a) -[e@{type} {props}]-> (b)
+           '''
+        try:
+            self.execute_query(insert_stmt)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to insert edge: {e}", exc_info=True)
+
+    @timed
+    def delete_edge(
+        self, source_id: str, target_id: str, type: str, user_name: str | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Delete a specific edge between two nodes.
+        Args:
+            source_id: ID of the source node.
+            target_id: ID of the target node.
+            type: Relationship type to remove.
+            user_name (str, optional): User name for filtering in non-multi-db mode
+        """
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        query = f"""
+                   MATCH (a@Memory) -[r@{type}]-> (b@Memory)
+                   WHERE a.id = {self._format_value(source_id)} AND b.id = {self._format_value(target_id)}
+               """
+
+        query += f" AND a.user_name = {self._format_value(user_name)} AND b.user_name = {self._format_value(user_name)}"
+        query += "\nDELETE r"
+        self.execute_query(query)
+
+    @timed
+    def get_memory_count(self, memory_type: str, user_name: str | None = None) -> int:
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        query = f"""
+                MATCH (n@Memory)
+                WHERE n.memory_type = "{memory_type}"
+                """
+        query += f"\nAND n.user_name = '{user_name}'"
+        query += "\nRETURN COUNT(n) AS count"
+
+        try:
+            result = self.execute_query(query)
+            return result.one_or_none()["count"].value
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"[get_memory_count] Failed: {e}")
+            return -1
+
+    @timed
+    def count_nodes(self, scope: str, user_name: str | None = None) -> int:
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        query = f"""
+                MATCH (n@Memory)
+                WHERE n.memory_type = "{scope}"
+                """
+        query += f"\nAND n.user_name = '{user_name}'"
+        query += "\nRETURN count(n) AS count"
+
+        result = self.execute_query(query)
+        return result.one_or_none()["count"].value
+
+    @timed
+    def edge_exists(
+        self,
+        source_id: str,
+        target_id: str,
+        type: str = "ANY",
+        direction: str = "OUTGOING",
+        user_name: str | None = None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if an edge exists between two nodes.
+        Args:
+            source_id: ID of the source node.
+            target_id: ID of the target node.
+            type: Relationship type. Use "ANY" to match any relationship type.
+            direction: Direction of the edge.
+                       Use "OUTGOING" (default), "INCOMING", or "ANY".
+            user_name (str, optional): User name for filtering in non-multi-db mode
+        Returns:
+            True if the edge exists, otherwise False.
+        """
+        # Prepare the relationship pattern
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        rel = "r" if type == "ANY" else f"r@{type}"
+
+        # Prepare the match pattern with direction
+        if direction == "OUTGOING":
+            pattern = f"(a@Memory {{id: '{source_id}'}})-[{rel}]->(b@Memory {{id: '{target_id}'}})"
+        elif direction == "INCOMING":
+            pattern = f"(a@Memory {{id: '{source_id}'}})<-[{rel}]-(b@Memory {{id: '{target_id}'}})"
+        elif direction == "ANY":
+            pattern = f"(a@Memory {{id: '{source_id}'}})-[{rel}]-(b@Memory {{id: '{target_id}'}})"
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Invalid direction: {direction}. Must be 'OUTGOING', 'INCOMING', or 'ANY'."
+            )
+        query = f"MATCH {pattern}"
+        query += f"\nWHERE a.user_name = '{user_name}' AND b.user_name = '{user_name}'"
+        query += "\nRETURN r"
+
+        # Run the Cypher query
+        result = self.execute_query(query)
+        record = result.one_or_none()
+        if record is None:
+            return False
+        return record.values() is not None
+
+    @timed
+    # Graph Query & Reasoning
+    def get_node(
+        self, id: str, include_embedding: bool = False, user_name: str | None = None
+    ) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+        """
+        Retrieve a Memory node by its unique ID.
+
+        Args:
+            id (str): Node ID (Memory.id)
+            include_embedding: with/without embedding
+            user_name (str, optional): User name for filtering in non-multi-db mode
+
+        Returns:
+            dict: Node properties as key-value pairs, or None if not found.
+        """
+        filter_clause = f'n.id = "{id}"'
+        return_fields = self._build_return_fields(include_embedding)
+        gql = f"""
+            MATCH (n@Memory)
+            WHERE {filter_clause}
+            RETURN {return_fields}
+        """
+
+        try:
+            result = self.execute_query(gql)
+            for row in result:
+                props = {k: v.value for k, v in row.items()}
+                node = self._parse_node(props)
+                return node
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(
+                f"[get_node] Failed to retrieve node '{id}': {e}, trace: {traceback.format_exc()}"
+            )
+            return None
+
+    @timed
+    def get_nodes(
+        self,
+        ids: list[str],
+        include_embedding: bool = False,
+        user_name: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """
+        Retrieve the metadata and memory of a list of nodes.
+        Args:
+            ids: List of Node identifier.
+            include_embedding: with/without embedding
+            user_name (str, optional): User name for filtering in non-multi-db mode
+        Returns:
+        list[dict]: Parsed node records containing 'id', 'memory', and 'metadata'.
+
+        Notes:
+            - Assumes all provided IDs are valid and exist.
+            - Returns empty list if input is empty.
+        """
+        if not ids:
+            return []
+        # Safe formatting of the ID list
+        id_list = ",".join(f'"{_id}"' for _id in ids)
+
+        return_fields = self._build_return_fields(include_embedding)
+        query = f"""
+            MATCH (n@Memory /*+ INDEX(idx_memory_user_name) */)
+            WHERE n.id IN [{id_list}]
+            RETURN {return_fields}
+        """
+        nodes = []
+        try:
+            results = self.execute_query(query)
+            for row in results:
+                props = {k: v.value for k, v in row.items()}
+                nodes.append(self._parse_node(props))
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(
+                f"[get_nodes] Failed to retrieve nodes {ids}: {e}, trace: {traceback.format_exc()}"
+            )
+        return nodes
+
+    @timed
+    def get_edges(
+        self, id: str, type: str = "ANY", direction: str = "ANY", user_name: str | None = None
+    ) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
+        """
+        Get edges connected to a node, with optional type and direction filter.
+
+        Args:
+            id: Node ID to retrieve edges for.
+            type: Relationship type to match, or 'ANY' to match all.
+            direction: 'OUTGOING', 'INCOMING', or 'ANY'.
+            user_name (str, optional): User name for filtering in non-multi-db mode
+
+        Returns:
+            List of edges:
+            [
+              {"from": "source_id", "to": "target_id", "type": "RELATE"},
+              ...
+            ]
+        """
+        # Build relationship type filter
+        rel_type = "" if type == "ANY" else f"@{type}"
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        # Build Cypher pattern based on direction
+        if direction == "OUTGOING":
+            pattern = f"(a@Memory)-[r{rel_type}]->(b@Memory)"
+            where_clause = f"a.id = '{id}'"
+        elif direction == "INCOMING":
+            pattern = f"(a@Memory)<-[r{rel_type}]-(b@Memory)"
+            where_clause = f"a.id = '{id}'"
+        elif direction == "ANY":
+            pattern = f"(a@Memory)-[r{rel_type}]-(b@Memory)"
+            where_clause = f"a.id = '{id}' OR b.id = '{id}'"
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Invalid direction. Must be 'OUTGOING', 'INCOMING', or 'ANY'.")
+
+        where_clause += f" AND a.user_name = '{user_name}' AND b.user_name = '{user_name}'"
+
+        query = f"""
+            MATCH {pattern}
+            WHERE {where_clause}
+            RETURN a.id AS from_id, b.id AS to_id, type(r) AS edge_type
+        """
+
+        result = self.execute_query(query)
+        edges = []
+        for record in result:
+            edges.append(
+                {
+                    "from": record["from_id"].value,
+                    "to": record["to_id"].value,
+                    "type": record["edge_type"].value,
+                }
+            )
+        return edges
+
+    @timed
+    def get_neighbors_by_tag(
+        self,
+        tags: list[str],
+        exclude_ids: list[str],
+        top_k: int = 5,
+        min_overlap: int = 1,
+        include_embedding: bool = False,
+        user_name: str | None = None,
+    ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """
+        Find top-K neighbor nodes with maximum tag overlap.
+
+        Args:
+            tags: The list of tags to match.
+            exclude_ids: Node IDs to exclude (e.g., local cluster).
+            top_k: Max number of neighbors to return.
+            min_overlap: Minimum number of overlapping tags required.
+            include_embedding: with/without embedding
+            user_name (str, optional): User name for filtering in non-multi-db mode
+
+        Returns:
+            List of dicts with node details and overlap count.
+        """
+        if not tags:
+            return []
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        where_clauses = [
+            'n.status = "activated"',
+            'NOT (n.node_type = "reasoning")',
+            'NOT (n.memory_type = "WorkingMemory")',
+        ]
+        if exclude_ids:
+            where_clauses.append(f"NOT (n.id IN {exclude_ids})")
+
+        where_clauses.append(f'n.user_name = "{user_name}"')
+
+        where_clause = " AND ".join(where_clauses)
+        tag_list_literal = "[" + ", ".join(f'"{_escape_str(t)}"' for t in tags) + "]"
+
+        return_fields = self._build_return_fields(include_embedding)
+        query = f"""
+            LET tag_list = {tag_list_literal}
+
+            MATCH (n@Memory /*+ INDEX(idx_memory_user_name) */)
+            WHERE {where_clause}
+            RETURN {return_fields},
+               size( filter( n.tags, t -> t IN tag_list ) ) AS overlap_count
+            ORDER BY overlap_count DESC
+            LIMIT {top_k}
+            """
+
+        result = self.execute_query(query)
+        neighbors: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+        for r in result:
+            props = {k: v.value for k, v in r.items() if k != "overlap_count"}
+            parsed = self._parse_node(props)
+            parsed["overlap_count"] = r["overlap_count"].value
+            neighbors.append(parsed)
+
+        neighbors.sort(key=lambda x: x["overlap_count"], reverse=True)
+        neighbors = neighbors[:top_k]
+        result = []
+        for neighbor in neighbors[:top_k]:
+            neighbor.pop("overlap_count")
+            result.append(neighbor)
+        return result
+
+    @timed
+    def get_children_with_embeddings(
+        self, id: str, user_name: str | None = None
+    ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        where_user = f"AND p.user_name = '{user_name}' AND c.user_name = '{user_name}'"
+
+        query = f"""
+            MATCH (p@Memory)-[@PARENT]->(c@Memory)
+            WHERE p.id = "{id}" {where_user}
+            RETURN c.id AS id, c.{self.dim_field} AS {self.dim_field}, c.memory AS memory
+        """
+        result = self.execute_query(query)
+        children = []
+        for row in result:
+            eid = row["id"].value  # STRING
+            emb_v = row[self.dim_field].value  # NVector
+            emb = list(emb_v.values) if emb_v else []
+            mem = row["memory"].value  # STRING
+
+            children.append({"id": eid, "embedding": emb, "memory": mem})
+        return children
+
+    @timed
+    def get_subgraph(
+        self,
+        center_id: str,
+        depth: int = 2,
+        center_status: str = "activated",
+        user_name: str | None = None,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Retrieve a local subgraph centered at a given node.
+        Args:
+            center_id: The ID of the center node.
+            depth: The hop distance for neighbors.
+            center_status: Required status for center node.
+            user_name (str, optional): User name for filtering in non-multi-db mode
+        Returns:
+            {
+                "core_node": {...},
+                "neighbors": [...],
+                "edges": [...]
+            }
+        """
+        if not 1 <= depth <= 5:
+            raise ValueError("depth must be 1-5")
+
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+
+        gql = f"""
+             MATCH (center@Memory /*+ INDEX(idx_memory_user_name) */)
+            WHERE center.id = '{center_id}'
+              AND center.status = '{center_status}'
+              AND center.user_name = '{user_name}'
+            OPTIONAL MATCH p = (center)-[e]->{{1,{depth}}}(neighbor@Memory)
+            WHERE neighbor.user_name = '{user_name}'
+            RETURN center,
+                   collect(DISTINCT neighbor) AS neighbors,
+                   collect(EDGES(p)) AS edge_chains
+            """
+
+        result = self.execute_query(gql).one_or_none()
+        if not result or result.size == 0:
+            return {"core_node": None, "neighbors": [], "edges": []}
+
+        core_node_props = result["center"].as_node().get_properties()
+        core_node = self._parse_node(core_node_props)
+        neighbors = []
+        vid_to_id_map = {result["center"].as_node().node_id: core_node["id"]}
+        for n in result["neighbors"].value:
+            n_node = n.as_node()
+            n_props = n_node.get_properties()
+            node_parsed = self._parse_node(n_props)
+            neighbors.append(node_parsed)
+            vid_to_id_map[n_node.node_id] = node_parsed["id"]
+
+        edges = []
+        for chain_group in result["edge_chains"].value:
+            for edge_wr in chain_group.value:
+                edge = edge_wr.value
+                edges.append(
+                    {
+                        "type": edge.get_type(),
+                        "source": vid_to_id_map.get(edge.get_src_id()),
+                        "target": vid_to_id_map.get(edge.get_dst_id()),
+                    }
+                )
+
+        return {"core_node": core_node, "neighbors": neighbors, "edges": edges}
+
+    @timed
+    # Search / recall operations
+    def search_by_embedding(
+        self,
+        vector: list[float],
+        top_k: int = 5,
+        scope: str | None = None,
+        status: str | None = None,
+        threshold: float | None = None,
+        search_filter: dict | None = None,
+        user_name: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> list[dict]:
+        """
+        Retrieve node IDs based on vector similarity.
+
+        Args:
+            vector (list[float]): The embedding vector representing query semantics.
+            top_k (int): Number of top similar nodes to retrieve.
+            scope (str, optional): Memory type filter (e.g., 'WorkingMemory', 'LongTermMemory').
+            status (str, optional): Node status filter (e.g., 'active', 'archived').
+                            If provided, restricts results to nodes with matching status.
+            threshold (float, optional): Minimum similarity score threshold (0 ~ 1).
+            search_filter (dict, optional): Additional metadata filters for search results.
+                            Keys should match node properties, values are the expected values.
+            user_name (str, optional): User name for filtering in non-multi-db mode
+
+        Returns:
+            list[dict]: A list of dicts with 'id' and 'score', ordered by similarity.
+
+        Notes:
+            - This method uses Neo4j native vector indexing to search for similar nodes.
+            - If scope is provided, it restricts results to nodes with matching memory_type.
+            - If 'status' is provided, only nodes with the matching status will be returned.
+            - If threshold is provided, only results with score >= threshold will be returned.
+            - If search_filter is provided, additional WHERE clauses will be added for metadata filtering.
+            - Typical use case: restrict to 'status = activated' to avoid
+            matching archived or merged nodes.
+        """
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        vector = _normalize(vector)
+        dim = len(vector)
+        vector_str = ",".join(f"{float(x)}" for x in vector)
+        gql_vector = f"VECTOR<{dim}, FLOAT>([{vector_str}])"
+        where_clauses = [f"n.{self.dim_field} IS NOT NULL"]
+        if scope:
+            where_clauses.append(f'n.memory_type = "{scope}"')
+        if status:
+            where_clauses.append(f'n.status = "{status}"')
+        where_clauses.append(f'n.user_name = "{user_name}"')
+
+        # Add search_filter conditions
+        if search_filter:
+            for key, value in search_filter.items():
+                if isinstance(value, str):
+                    where_clauses.append(f'n.{key} = "{value}"')
+                else:
+                    where_clauses.append(f"n.{key} = {value}")
+
+        where_clause = f"WHERE {' AND '.join(where_clauses)}" if where_clauses else ""
+
+        gql = f"""
+                   let a = {gql_vector}
+                   MATCH (n@Memory /*+ INDEX(idx_memory_user_name) */)
+                   {where_clause}
+                   ORDER BY inner_product(n.{self.dim_field}, a) DESC
+                   LIMIT {top_k}
+                   RETURN n.id AS id, inner_product(n.{self.dim_field}, a) AS score"""
+        try:
+            result = self.execute_query(gql)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"[search_by_embedding] Query failed: {e}")
+            return []
+
+        try:
+            output = []
+            for row in result:
+                values = row.values()
+                id_val = values[0].as_string()
+                score_val = values[1].as_double()
+                score_val = (score_val + 1) / 2  # align to neo4j, Normalized Cosine Score
+                if threshold is None or score_val >= threshold:
+                    output.append({"id": id_val, "score": score_val})
+            return output
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"[search_by_embedding] Result parse failed: {e}")
+            return []
+
+    @timed
+    def get_by_metadata(
+        self, filters: list[dict[str, Any]], user_name: str | None = None
+    ) -> list[str]:
+        """
+        1. ADD logic: "AND" vs "OR"(support logic combination);
+        2. Support nested conditional expressions;
+
+        Retrieve node IDs that match given metadata filters.
+        Supports exact match.
+
+        Args:
+        filters: List of filter dicts like:
+            [
+                {"field": "key", "op": "in", "value": ["A", "B"]},
+                {"field": "confidence", "op": ">=", "value": 80},
+                {"field": "tags", "op": "contains", "value": "AI"},
+                ...
+            ]
+        user_name (str, optional): User name for filtering in non-multi-db mode
+
+        Returns:
+            list[str]: Node IDs whose metadata match the filter conditions. (AND logic).
+
+        Notes:
+            - Supports structured querying such as tag/category/importance/time filtering.
+            - Can be used for faceted recall or prefiltering before embedding rerank.
+        """
+        where_clauses = []
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        for _i, f in enumerate(filters):
+            field = f["field"]
+            op = f.get("op", "=")
+            value = f["value"]
+
+            escaped_value = self._format_value(value)
+
+            # Build WHERE clause
+            if op == "=":
+                where_clauses.append(f"n.{field} = {escaped_value}")
+            elif op == "in":
+                where_clauses.append(f"n.{field} IN {escaped_value}")
+            elif op == "contains":
+                where_clauses.append(f"size(filter(n.{field}, t -> t IN {escaped_value})) > 0")
+            elif op == "starts_with":
+                where_clauses.append(f"n.{field} STARTS WITH {escaped_value}")
+            elif op == "ends_with":
+                where_clauses.append(f"n.{field} ENDS WITH {escaped_value}")
+            elif op in [">", ">=", "<", "<="]:
+                where_clauses.append(f"n.{field} {op} {escaped_value}")
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"Unsupported operator: {op}")
+
+        where_clauses.append(f'n.user_name = "{user_name}"')
+
+        where_str = " AND ".join(where_clauses)
+        gql = f"MATCH (n@Memory /*+ INDEX(idx_memory_user_name) */) WHERE {where_str} RETURN n.id AS id"
+        ids = []
+        try:
+            result = self.execute_query(gql)
+            ids = [record["id"].value for record in result]
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to get metadata: {e}, gql is {gql}")
+        return ids
+
+    @timed
+    def get_grouped_counts(
+        self,
+        group_fields: list[str],
+        where_clause: str = "",
+        params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        user_name: str | None = None,
+    ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """
+        Count nodes grouped by any fields.
+
+        Args:
+            group_fields (list[str]): Fields to group by, e.g., ["memory_type", "status"]
+            where_clause (str, optional): Extra WHERE condition. E.g.,
+            "WHERE n.status = 'activated'"
+            params (dict, optional): Parameters for WHERE clause.
+            user_name (str, optional): User name for filtering in non-multi-db mode
+
+        Returns:
+            list[dict]: e.g., [{ 'memory_type': 'WorkingMemory', 'status': 'active', 'count': 10 }, ...]
+        """
+        if not group_fields:
+            raise ValueError("group_fields cannot be empty")
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        # GQL-specific modifications
+        user_clause = f"n.user_name = '{user_name}'"
+        if where_clause:
+            where_clause = where_clause.strip()
+            if where_clause.upper().startswith("WHERE"):
+                where_clause += f" AND {user_clause}"
+            else:
+                where_clause = f"WHERE {where_clause} AND {user_clause}"
+        else:
+            where_clause = f"WHERE {user_clause}"
+
+        # Inline parameters if provided
+        if params:
+            for key, value in params.items():
+                # Handle different value types appropriately
+                if isinstance(value, str):
+                    value = f"'{value}'"
+                where_clause = where_clause.replace(f"${key}", str(value))
+
+        return_fields = []
+        group_by_fields = []
+
+        for field in group_fields:
+            alias = field.replace(".", "_")
+            return_fields.append(f"n.{field} AS {alias}")
+            group_by_fields.append(alias)
+        # Full GQL query construction
+        gql = f"""
+            MATCH (n /*+ INDEX(idx_memory_user_name) */)
+            {where_clause}
+            RETURN {", ".join(return_fields)}, COUNT(n) AS count
+            """
+        result = self.execute_query(gql)  # Pure GQL string execution
+
+        output = []
+        for record in result:
+            group_values = {}
+            for i, field in enumerate(group_fields):
+                value = record.values()[i].as_string()
+                group_values[field] = value
+            count_value = record["count"].value
+            output.append({**group_values, "count": count_value})
+
+        return output
+
+    @timed
+    def clear(self, user_name: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Clear the entire graph if the target database exists.
+
+        Args:
+            user_name (str, optional): User name for filtering in non-multi-db mode
+        """
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        try:
+            query = f"MATCH (n@Memory) WHERE n.user_name = '{user_name}' DETACH DELETE n"
+            self.execute_query(query)
+            logger.info("Cleared all nodes from database.")
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"[ERROR] Failed to clear database: {e}")
+
+    @timed
+    def export_graph(
+        self, include_embedding: bool = False, user_name: str | None = None, **kwargs
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Export all graph nodes and edges in a structured form.
+        Args:
+        include_embedding (bool): Whether to include the large embedding field.
+        user_name (str, optional): User name for filtering in non-multi-db mode
+
+        Returns:
+            {
+                "nodes": [ { "id": ..., "memory": ..., "metadata": {...} }, ... ],
+                "edges": [ { "source": ..., "target": ..., "type": ... }, ... ]
+            }
+        """
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        node_query = "MATCH (n@Memory)"
+        edge_query = "MATCH (a@Memory)-[r]->(b@Memory)"
+        node_query += f' WHERE n.user_name = "{user_name}"'
+        edge_query += f' WHERE r.user_name = "{user_name}"'
+
+        try:
+            if include_embedding:
+                return_fields = "n"
+            else:
+                return_fields = ",".join(
+                    [
+                        "n.id AS id",
+                        "n.memory AS memory",
+                        "n.user_name AS user_name",
+                        "n.user_id AS user_id",
+                        "n.session_id AS session_id",
+                        "n.status AS status",
+                        "n.key AS key",
+                        "n.confidence AS confidence",
+                        "n.tags AS tags",
+                        "n.created_at AS created_at",
+                        "n.updated_at AS updated_at",
+                        "n.memory_type AS memory_type",
+                        "n.sources AS sources",
+                        "n.source AS source",
+                        "n.node_type AS node_type",
+                        "n.visibility AS visibility",
+                        "n.usage AS usage",
+                        "n.background AS background",
+                    ]
+                )
+
+            full_node_query = f"{node_query} RETURN {return_fields}"
+            node_result = self.execute_query(full_node_query, timeout=20)
+            nodes = []
+            logger.debug(f"Debugging: {node_result}")
+            for row in node_result:
+                if include_embedding:
+                    props = row.values()[0].as_node().get_properties()
+                else:
+                    props = {k: v.value for k, v in row.items()}
+                node = self._parse_node(props)
+                nodes.append(node)
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"[EXPORT GRAPH - NODES] Exception: {e}") from e
+
+        try:
+            full_edge_query = f"{edge_query} RETURN a.id AS source, b.id AS target, type(r) as edge"
+            edge_result = self.execute_query(full_edge_query, timeout=20)
+            edges = [
+                {
+                    "source": row.values()[0].value,
+                    "target": row.values()[1].value,
+                    "type": row.values()[2].value,
+                }
+                for row in edge_result
+            ]
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"[EXPORT GRAPH - EDGES] Exception: {e}") from e
+
+        return {"nodes": nodes, "edges": edges}
+
+    @timed
+    def import_graph(self, data: dict[str, Any], user_name: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Import the entire graph from a serialized dictionary.
+
+        Args:
+            data: A dictionary containing all nodes and edges to be loaded.
+            user_name (str, optional): User name for filtering in non-multi-db mode
+        """
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        for node in data.get("nodes", []):
+            try:
+                id, memory, metadata = _compose_node(node)
+                metadata["user_name"] = user_name
+                metadata = self._prepare_node_metadata(metadata)
+                metadata.update({"id": id, "memory": memory})
+                properties = ", ".join(
+                    f"{k}: {self._format_value(v, k)}" for k, v in metadata.items()
+                )
+                node_gql = f"INSERT OR IGNORE (n@Memory {{{properties}}})"
+                self.execute_query(node_gql)
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Fail to load node: {node}, error: {e}")
+
+        for edge in data.get("edges", []):
+            try:
+                source_id, target_id = edge["source"], edge["target"]
+                edge_type = edge["type"]
+                props = f'{{user_name: "{user_name}"}}'
+                edge_gql = f'''
+                   MATCH (a@Memory {{id: "{source_id}"}}), (b@Memory {{id: "{target_id}"}})
+                   INSERT OR IGNORE (a) -[e@{edge_type} {props}]-> (b)
+               '''
+                self.execute_query(edge_gql)
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Fail to load edge: {edge}, error: {e}")
+
+    @timed
+    def get_all_memory_items(
+        self, scope: str, include_embedding: bool = False, user_name: str | None = None
+    ) -> (list)[dict]:
+        """
+        Retrieve all memory items of a specific memory_type.
+
+        Args:
+            scope (str): Must be one of 'WorkingMemory', 'LongTermMemory', or 'UserMemory'.
+            include_embedding: with/without embedding
+            user_name (str, optional): User name for filtering in non-multi-db mode
+
+        Returns:
+            list[dict]: Full list of memory items under this scope.
+        """
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        if scope not in {"WorkingMemory", "LongTermMemory", "UserMemory", "OuterMemory"}:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported memory type scope: {scope}")
+
+        where_clause = f"WHERE n.memory_type = '{scope}'"
+        where_clause += f" AND n.user_name = '{user_name}'"
+
+        return_fields = self._build_return_fields(include_embedding)
+
+        query = f"""
+                   MATCH (n@Memory /*+ INDEX(idx_memory_user_name) */)
+                   {where_clause}
+                   RETURN {return_fields}
+                   LIMIT 100
+                   """
+        nodes = []
+        try:
+            results = self.execute_query(query)
+            for row in results:
+                props = {k: v.value for k, v in row.items()}
+                nodes.append(self._parse_node(props))
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to get memories: {e}")
+        return nodes
+
+    @timed
+    def get_structure_optimization_candidates(
+        self, scope: str, include_embedding: bool = False, user_name: str | None = None
+    ) -> list[dict]:
+        """
+        Find nodes that are likely candidates for structure optimization:
+        - Isolated nodes, nodes with empty background, or nodes with exactly one child.
+        - Plus: the child of any parent node that has exactly one child.
+        """
+        user_name = user_name if user_name else self.config.user_name
+        where_clause = f'''
+            n.memory_type = "{scope}"
+            AND n.status = "activated"
+        '''
+        where_clause += f' AND n.user_name = "{user_name}"'
+
+        return_fields = self._build_return_fields(include_embedding)
+        return_fields += f", n.{self.dim_field} AS {self.dim_field}"
+
+        query = f"""
+            MATCH (n@Memory /*+ INDEX(idx_memory_user_name) */)
+            WHERE {where_clause}
+            OPTIONAL MATCH (n)-[@PARENT]->(c@Memory)
+            OPTIONAL MATCH (p@Memory)-[@PARENT]->(n)
+            WHERE c IS NULL AND p IS NULL
+            RETURN {return_fields}
+        """
+
+        candidates = []
+        node_ids = set()
+        try:
+            results = self.execute_query(query)
+            for row in results:
+                props = {k: v.value for k, v in row.items()}
+                node = self._parse_node(props)
+                node_id = node["id"]
+                if node_id not in node_ids:
+                    candidates.append(node)
+                    node_ids.add(node_id)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed : {e}, traceback: {traceback.format_exc()}")
+        return candidates
+
+    @timed
+    def drop_database(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Permanently delete the entire database this instance is using.
+        WARNING: This operation is destructive and cannot be undone.
+        """
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Refusing to drop protected database: `{self.db_name}` in "
+            f"Shared Database Multi-Tenant mode"
+        )
+
+    @timed
+    def detect_conflicts(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
+        """
+        Detect conflicting nodes based on logical or semantic inconsistency.
+        Returns:
+            A list of (node_id1, node_id2) tuples that conflict.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @timed
+    # Structure Maintenance
+    def deduplicate_nodes(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Deduplicate redundant or semantically similar nodes.
+        This typically involves identifying nodes with identical or near-identical memory.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @timed
+    def get_context_chain(self, id: str, type: str = "FOLLOWS") -> list[str]:
+        """
+        Get the ordered context chain starting from a node, following a relationship type.
+        Args:
+            id: Starting node ID.
+            type: Relationship type to follow (e.g., 'FOLLOWS').
+        Returns:
+            List of ordered node IDs in the chain.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @timed
+    def get_neighbors(
+        self, id: str, type: str, direction: Literal["in", "out", "both"] = "out"
+    ) -> list[str]:
+        """
+        Get connected node IDs in a specific direction and relationship type.
+        Args:
+            id: Source node ID.
+            type: Relationship type.
+            direction: Edge direction to follow ('out', 'in', or 'both').
+        Returns:
+            List of neighboring node IDs.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @timed
+    def get_path(self, source_id: str, target_id: str, max_depth: int = 3) -> list[str]:
+        """
+        Get the path of nodes from source to target within a limited depth.
+        Args:
+            source_id: Starting node ID.
+            target_id: Target node ID.
+            max_depth: Maximum path length to traverse.
+        Returns:
+            Ordered list of node IDs along the path.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @timed
+    def merge_nodes(self, id1: str, id2: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Merge two similar or duplicate nodes into one.
+        Args:
+            id1: First node ID.
+            id2: Second node ID.
+        Returns:
+            ID of the resulting merged node.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _ensure_space_exists(cls, tmp_client, cfg):
+        """Lightweight check to ensure target graph (space) exists."""
+        db_name = getattr(cfg, "space", None)
+        if not db_name:
+            logger.warning("[NebulaGraphDBSync] No `space` specified in cfg.")
+            return
+
+        try:
+            res = tmp_client.execute("SHOW GRAPHS")
+            existing = {row.values()[0].as_string() for row in res}
+            if db_name not in existing:
+                tmp_client.execute(f"CREATE GRAPH IF NOT EXISTS `{db_name}` TYPED MemOSBgeM3Type")
+                logger.info(f"✅ Graph `{db_name}` created before session binding.")
+            else:
+                logger.debug(f"Graph `{db_name}` already exists.")
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception("[NebulaGraphDBSync] Failed to ensure space exists")
+
+    @timed
+    def _ensure_database_exists(self):
+        graph_type_name = "MemOSBgeM3Type"
+
+        check_type_query = "SHOW GRAPH TYPES"
+        result = self.execute_query(check_type_query, auto_set_db=False)
+
+        type_exists = any(row["graph_type"].as_string() == graph_type_name for row in result)
+
+        if not type_exists:
+            create_tag = f"""
+            CREATE GRAPH TYPE IF NOT EXISTS {graph_type_name} AS {{
+                NODE Memory (:MemoryTag {{
+                    id STRING,
+                    memory STRING,
+                    user_name STRING,
+                    user_id STRING,
+                    session_id STRING,
+                    status STRING,
+                    key STRING,
+                    confidence FLOAT,
+                    tags LIST<STRING>,
+                    created_at STRING,
+                    updated_at STRING,
+                    memory_type STRING,
+                    sources LIST<STRING>,
+                    source STRING,
+                    node_type STRING,
+                    visibility STRING,
+                    usage LIST<STRING>,
+                    background STRING,
+                    {self.dim_field} VECTOR<{self.embedding_dimension}, FLOAT>,
+                    PRIMARY KEY(id)
+                }}),
+                EDGE RELATE_TO (Memory) -[{{user_name STRING}}]-> (Memory),
+                EDGE PARENT (Memory) -[{{user_name STRING}}]-> (Memory),
+                EDGE AGGREGATE_TO (Memory) -[{{user_name STRING}}]-> (Memory),
+                EDGE MERGED_TO (Memory) -[{{user_name STRING}}]-> (Memory),
+                EDGE INFERS (Memory) -[{{user_name STRING}}]-> (Memory),
+                EDGE FOLLOWS (Memory) -[{{user_name STRING}}]-> (Memory)
+            }}
+            """
+            self.execute_query(create_tag, auto_set_db=False)
+        else:
+            describe_query = f"DESCRIBE NODE TYPE Memory OF {graph_type_name}"
+            desc_result = self.execute_query(describe_query, auto_set_db=False)
+
+            memory_fields = []
+            for row in desc_result:
+                field_name = row.values()[0].as_string()
+                memory_fields.append(field_name)
+
+            if self.dim_field not in memory_fields:
+                alter_query = f"""
+                ALTER GRAPH TYPE {graph_type_name} {{
+                    ALTER NODE TYPE Memory ADD PROPERTIES {{ {self.dim_field} VECTOR<{self.embedding_dimension}, FLOAT> }}
+                }}
+                """
+                self.execute_query(alter_query, auto_set_db=False)
+                logger.info(f"✅ Add new vector search {self.dim_field} to {graph_type_name}")
+            else:
+                logger.info(f"✅ Graph Type {graph_type_name} already include {self.dim_field}")
+
+        create_graph = f"CREATE GRAPH IF NOT EXISTS `{self.db_name}` TYPED {graph_type_name}"
+        try:
+            self.execute_query(create_graph, auto_set_db=False)
+            logger.info(f"✅ Graph ``{self.db_name}`` is now the working graph.")
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"❌ Failed to create tag: {e} trace: {traceback.format_exc()}")
+
+    @timed
+    def _create_vector_index(
+        self,
+        label: str = "Memory",
+        vector_property: str = "embedding",
+        dimensions: int = 3072,
+        index_name: str = "memory_vector_index",
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Create a vector index for the specified property in the label.
+        """
+        if str(dimensions) == str(self.default_memory_dimension):
+            index_name = f"idx_{vector_property}"
+            vector_name = vector_property
+        else:
+            index_name = f"idx_{vector_property}_{dimensions}"
+            vector_name = f"{vector_property}_{dimensions}"
+
+        create_vector_index = f"""
+                CREATE VECTOR INDEX IF NOT EXISTS {index_name}
+                ON NODE {label}::{vector_name}
+                OPTIONS {{
+                    DIM: {dimensions},
+                    METRIC: IP,
+                    TYPE: IVF,
+                    NLIST: 100,
+                    TRAINSIZE: 1000
+                }}
+                FOR `{self.db_name}`
+            """
+        self.execute_query(create_vector_index)
+        logger.info(
+            f"✅ Ensure {label}::{vector_property} vector index {index_name} "
+            f"exists (DIM={dimensions})"
+        )
+
+    @timed
+    def _create_basic_property_indexes(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Create standard B-tree indexes on status, memory_type, created_at
+        and updated_at fields.
+        Create standard B-tree indexes on user_name when use Shared Database
+        Multi-Tenant Mode.
+        """
+        fields = [
+            "status",
+            "memory_type",
+            "created_at",
+            "updated_at",
+            "user_name",
+        ]
+
+        for field in fields:
+            index_name = f"idx_memory_{field}"
+            gql = f"""
+                CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS {index_name} ON NODE Memory({field})
+                FOR `{self.db_name}`
+                """
+            try:
+                self.execute_query(gql)
+                logger.info(f"✅ Created index: {index_name} on field {field}")
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(
+                    f"❌ Failed to create index {index_name}: {e}, trace: {traceback.format_exc()}"
+                )
+
+    @timed
+    def _index_exists(self, index_name: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if an index with the given name exists.
+        """
+        """
+            Check if a vector index with the given name exists in NebulaGraph.
+
+            Args:
+                index_name (str): The name of the index to check.
+
+            Returns:
+                bool: True if the index exists, False otherwise.
+            """
+        query = "SHOW VECTOR INDEXES"
+        try:
+            result = self.execute_query(query)
+            return any(row.values()[0].as_string() == index_name for row in result)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"[Nebula] Failed to check index existence: {e}")
+            return False
+
+    @timed
+    def _parse_value(self, value: Any) -> Any:
+        """turn Nebula ValueWrapper to Python type"""
+        from nebulagraph_python.value_wrapper import ValueWrapper
+
+        if value is None or (hasattr(value, "is_null") and value.is_null()):
+            return None
+        try:
+            prim = value.cast_primitive() if isinstance(value, ValueWrapper) else value
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.warning(f"Error when decode Nebula ValueWrapper: {e}")
+            prim = value.cast() if isinstance(value, ValueWrapper) else value
+
+        if isinstance(prim, ValueWrapper):
+            return self._parse_value(prim)
+        if isinstance(prim, list):
+            return [self._parse_value(v) for v in prim]
+        if type(prim).__name__ == "NVector":
+            return list(prim.values)
+
+        return prim  # already a Python primitive
+
+    def _parse_node(self, props: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        parsed = {k: self._parse_value(v) for k, v in props.items()}
+
+        for tf in ("created_at", "updated_at"):
+            if tf in parsed and parsed[tf] is not None:
+                parsed[tf] = _normalize_datetime(parsed[tf])
+
+        node_id = parsed.pop("id")
+        memory = parsed.pop("memory", "")
+        parsed.pop("user_name", None)
+        metadata = parsed
+        metadata["type"] = metadata.pop("node_type")
+
+        if self.dim_field in metadata:
+            metadata["embedding"] = metadata.pop(self.dim_field)
+
+        return {"id": node_id, "memory": memory, "metadata": metadata}
+
+    @timed
+    def _prepare_node_metadata(self, metadata: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Ensure metadata has proper datetime fields and normalized types.
+
+        - Fill `created_at` and `updated_at` if missing (in ISO 8601 format).
+        - Convert embedding to list of float if present.
+        """
+        now = datetime.utcnow().isoformat()
+        metadata["node_type"] = metadata.pop("type")
+
+        # Fill timestamps if missing
+        metadata.setdefault("created_at", now)
+        metadata.setdefault("updated_at", now)
+
+        # Normalize embedding type
+        embedding = metadata.get("embedding")
+        if embedding and isinstance(embedding, list):
+            metadata.pop("embedding")
+            metadata[self.dim_field] = _normalize([float(x) for x in embedding])
+
+        return metadata
+
+    @timed
+    def _format_value(self, val: Any, key: str = "") -> str:
+        from nebulagraph_python.py_data_types import NVector
+
+        # None
+        if val is None:
+            return "NULL"
+        # bool
+        if isinstance(val, bool):
+            return "true" if val else "false"
+        # str
+        if isinstance(val, str):
+            return f'"{_escape_str(val)}"'
+        # num
+        elif isinstance(val, (int | float)):
+            return str(val)
+        # time
+        elif isinstance(val, datetime):
+            return f'datetime("{val.isoformat()}")'
+        # list
+        elif isinstance(val, list):
+            if key == self.dim_field:
+                dim = len(val)
+                joined = ",".join(str(float(x)) for x in val)
+                return f"VECTOR<{dim}, FLOAT>([{joined}])"
+            else:
+                return f"[{', '.join(self._format_value(v) for v in val)}]"
+        # NVector
+        elif isinstance(val, NVector):
+            if key == self.dim_field:
+                dim = len(val)
+                joined = ",".join(str(float(x)) for x in val)
+                return f"VECTOR<{dim}, FLOAT>([{joined}])"
+            else:
+                logger.warning("Invalid NVector")
+        # dict
+        if isinstance(val, dict):
+            j = json.dumps(val, ensure_ascii=False, separators=(",", ":"))
+            return f'"{_escape_str(j)}"'
+        else:
+            return f'"{_escape_str(str(val))}"'
+
+    @timed
+    def _metadata_filter(self, metadata: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Filter and validate metadata dictionary against the Memory node schema.
+        - Removes keys not in schema.
+        - Warns if required fields are missing.
+        """
+
+        dim_fields = {self.dim_field}
+
+        allowed_fields = self.common_fields | dim_fields
+
+        missing_fields = allowed_fields - metadata.keys()
+        if missing_fields:
+            logger.info(f"Metadata missing required fields: {sorted(missing_fields)}")
+
+        filtered_metadata = {k: v for k, v in metadata.items() if k in allowed_fields}
+
+        return filtered_metadata
+
+    def _build_return_fields(self, include_embedding: bool = False) -> str:
+        fields = set(self.base_fields)
+        if include_embedding:
+            fields.add(self.dim_field)
+        return ", ".join(f"n.{f} AS {f}" for f in fields)