GeoDFN 2.0.0__py3-none-any.whl

GeoDFN/Classes/DFNGenerator.py

@@ -0,0 +1,678 @@
+import logging
+import random
+import json
+import numpy as np
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import math
+import os
+from .apertureCalculator import apertureCalculator
+from .bufferZoneCalculator import bufferZoneCalculator
+from .fractureLengthPDFs import fractureLengthPDFs
+from .spatialDistributionPDFs import SpatialDistributionPDFs
+from .orientationPDFs import OrientationPDFs
+from ._validation import validate_inputs
+
+import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class DFNGenerator:
+
+    def __init__(self, domainLengthX, domainLengthY, sets, apertureCalculationParameters, DFNName,
+                 numOfRealizations=1, IsMultipleStressAzimuths=False, stressAzimuth=None, savePic=True,
+                 output_dir='DFNs', progress_callback=None):
+        validate_inputs(domainLengthX, domainLengthY, sets, apertureCalculationParameters, numOfRealizations)
+        self.maxtries = []
+        self.xmax = domainLengthX
+        self.ymax = domainLengthY
+        self.outputDir = os.path.join(output_dir, str(DFNName))
+        self.apertureCalculation = apertureCalculator(apertureCalculationParameters, stage='first')
+        self.numberOfMaxTries = 400000
+        self._sets = sets
+        self._apertureCalculationParameters = apertureCalculationParameters
+        self._numOfRealizations = numOfRealizations
+        self._IsMultipleStressAzimuths = IsMultipleStressAzimuths
+        self._stressAzimuth = stressAzimuth
+        self._savePic = savePic
+        self._progress_callback = progress_callback
+        self.generate()
+
+    def generate(self):
+        sets = self._sets
+        apertureCalculationParameters = self._apertureCalculationParameters
+        IsMultipleStressAzimuths = self._IsMultipleStressAzimuths
+        stressAzimuth = self._stressAzimuth
+        savePic = self._savePic
+        self.realizations = []
+
+        for i in range(self._numOfRealizations):
+            logger.info('Section A: generate fractures')
+            self.maxtries = []
+            allFractureSets = []
+            self.setNumber = 1
+            for setConfig in sets:
+                fractureSet, setConfig = self._generate_fractures(setConfig)
+                fractureSet = self._sort_fractures(fractureSet)
+                allFractureSets.append((fractureSet, setConfig))
+                self.setNumber = self.setNumber + 1
+
+            logger.info('Section B: placing the fractures')
+            allProcessedFractureSets = []
+            for fractureSet, setConfig in allFractureSets:
+                logger.debug('bufferZone: %s', setConfig['bufferZone'])
+                self.bufferZoneCalculation = bufferZoneCalculator(setConfig['bufferZone'])
+                fractureSet = self.bufferZoneCalculation.calculate(fractureSet)
+                processedFractureSet = self.place_fractures(fractureSet, setConfig)
+                allProcessedFractureSets.append(processedFractureSet)
+
+            logger.info('maxtries= %s', self.maxtries)
+
+            maxtriesDir = os.path.join(self.outputDir, 'tries')
+            os.makedirs(maxtriesDir, exist_ok=True)
+            maxtriesFile = os.path.join(maxtriesDir, 'tries.txt')
+            with open(maxtriesFile, 'w') as fileID:
+                fileID.write(f"Number of iterations for each set: {self.maxtries}\n")
+
+            if not any(t > self.numberOfMaxTries for t in self.maxtries):
+                self.realizations.append(allProcessedFractureSets)
+                if IsMultipleStressAzimuths:
+                    self._stressAzimuth = stressAzimuth
+                    for azimuth in stressAzimuth:
+                        apertureCalculationParameters["strike"] = azimuth
+                        self.apertureCalculation = apertureCalculator(apertureCalculationParameters, stage='second')
+                        for fracture_set in allProcessedFractureSets:
+                            fracture_set = self.apertureCalculation.get_calculator(fracture_set)
+
+                logger.info('Section D: Generating the outputs')
+
+                if savePic:
+                    self._plot_fractures(allProcessedFractureSets, name='DFNPic', number=i)
+
+                self._write_output_properties_per_set('outputPropertiesPerSet', allProcessedFractureSets, number=i)
+                self._write_overall_properties('outputPropertiesTotal', allProcessedFractureSets, number=i)
+                self._write_fracture_coordinates('fractureCoordinates', allProcessedFractureSets, number=i)
+                self._write_fracture_set('fractureSet', allProcessedFractureSets, number=i)
+                self._write_fracture_apertures('aperture', allProcessedFractureSets, number=i)
+                self._write_input_properties('inputProperties', apertureCalculationParameters, sets, stressAzimuth, number=i)
+                self._plot_orientation_stereographic('orientationStereographic', allProcessedFractureSets, number=i)
+                if IsMultipleStressAzimuths:
+                    self._write_corrected_apertures('correlatedAperture', allProcessedFractureSets, number=i)
+                    self._plot_corrected_apertures('aperturePerStrikeTotal', allProcessedFractureSets, number=i)
+
+            if self._progress_callback:
+                self._progress_callback(i + 1, self._numOfRealizations)
+
+    def _place_longest_fracture(self, longestFracture):
+        referenceWithinDomain = False
+        number = 0
+        tries = 0
+        logger.debug('fracture length %s', longestFracture['fracture length'])
+        while not referenceWithinDomain:
+            seed_x = random.uniform(0, self.xmax)
+            seed_y = random.uniform(0, self.ymax)
+            (new_x_start, new_y_start), (new_x_end, new_y_end) = self._fracture_coordinate(
+                longestFracture, longestFracture['theta'], seed_x, seed_y)
+            if self._is_within_domain(new_x_start, new_y_start) and self._is_within_domain(new_x_end, new_y_end):
+                referenceWithinDomain = True
+                addedFracture = {
+                    'number': number,
+                    'x_start': new_x_start,
+                    'y_start': new_y_start,
+                    'x_end': new_x_end,
+                    'y_end': new_y_end,
+                    'fracture length': longestFracture['fracture length'],
+                    'set number': longestFracture['set number'],
+                    'fracture spacing': longestFracture['fracture spacing'],
+                    'theta': longestFracture['theta'],
+                }
+            else:
+                tries += 1
+                if tries > 500:
+                    return False
+        return (addedFracture, seed_x, seed_y)
+
+    # Keep old name as alias for backward compatibility
+    def placeLongestFracture(self, longestFracture):
+        return self._place_longest_fracture(longestFracture)
+
+    def place_fractures(self, fractures, setConfig):
+        spatialDistributionPDF = SpatialDistributionPDFs(
+            setConfig['spatialDistributionPDF'], setConfig['spatialDistributionPDFParams'])
+        spatialDistributionPDFMode = spatialDistributionPDF.compute_mode()
+
+        processedFractures = []
+        logger.debug('placing the longest fracture')
+        added = False
+        while not added:
+            added = self._place_longest_fracture(fractures[0])
+
+        (addedFracture, seed_x, seed_y) = added
+        processedFractures.append(addedFracture)
+        logger.debug('the longest fracture added')
+        numberOfTries = 0
+        maxTriesReached = False
+
+        number = 0
+        logger.debug('placing rest of fractures')
+        for fracture in fractures[1:]:
+            theta = fracture['theta']
+            if theta < 0:
+                theta += 360
+            if maxTriesReached:
+                break
+            isNewFractureAdded = False
+
+            while not isNewFractureAdded:
+                if numberOfTries > self.numberOfMaxTries:
+                    logger.info("Global max retries reached, stopping all fracture placements.")
+                    maxTriesReached = True
+                    break
+
+                referenceWithinDomain = False
+                while not referenceWithinDomain:
+                    if numberOfTries > self.numberOfMaxTries:
+                        logger.info("Global max retries reached during domain validation, stopping all fracture placements.")
+                        maxTriesReached = True
+                        break
+
+                    distance = (spatialDistributionPDF.get_value() - spatialDistributionPDFMode) * random.choice([-1, 1])
+                    angle = np.random.uniform(0, 2 * np.pi)
+                    new_x_mid = seed_x + distance * np.cos(angle)
+                    new_y_mid = seed_y + distance * np.sin(angle)
+
+                    (new_x_start, new_y_start), (new_x_end, new_y_end) = self._fracture_coordinate(
+                        fracture, theta, new_x_mid, new_y_mid)
+                    if self._is_within_domain(new_x_start, new_y_start) and self._is_within_domain(new_x_end, new_y_end):
+                        referenceWithinDomain = True
+                    else:
+                        numberOfTries += 1
+
+                if maxTriesReached:
+                    break
+                too_close = False
+                for existing_frac in processedFractures:
+                    existing_coords = ((existing_frac['x_start'], existing_frac['y_start']),
+                                       (existing_frac['x_end'], existing_frac['y_end']))
+                    new_coords = ((new_x_start, new_y_start), (new_x_end, new_y_end))
+                    if segment_to_segment_distance(new_coords, existing_coords) < existing_frac['fracture spacing'] + \
+                            fracture['fracture spacing']:
+                        too_close = True
+                        numberOfTries += 1
+                        break
+
+                if numberOfTries > self.numberOfMaxTries:
+                    logger.info("Global max retries reached, stopping all fracture placements.")
+                    maxTriesReached = True
+                    break
+                if not too_close:
+                    isNewFractureAdded = True
+                    number += 1
+                    addedFracture = {
+                        'number': number,
+                        'x_start': new_x_start,
+                        'y_start': new_y_start,
+                        'x_end': new_x_end,
+                        'y_end': new_y_end,
+                        'fracture length': fracture['fracture length'],
+                        'fracture spacing': fracture['fracture spacing'],
+                        'set number': fracture['set number'],
+                        'theta': fracture['theta'],
+                        'number of tries': numberOfTries,
+                    }
+                    processedFractures.append(addedFracture)
+            if maxTriesReached:
+                break
+
+        self.maxtries.append(numberOfTries)
+        processedFractures = self.apertureCalculation.get_calculator(processedFractures)
+        return processedFractures
+
+    def _generate_fractures(self, setConfig):
+        orientationDistributionPDF = OrientationPDFs(
+            setConfig['orientationDistributionPDF'], setConfig['orientationDistributionPDFParams'])
+
+        logger.debug('fractureLengthPDFParams["Lmax"]= %s', setConfig['fractureLengthPDFParams']["Lmax"])
+
+        if setConfig['fractureLengthPDF'] == 'Constant':
+            logger.debug('Fracture length PDF is constant')
+            n = math.ceil(setConfig['I'] * self.ymax * self.xmax / setConfig['fractureLengthPDFParams']['L'])
+            fractures = []
+            for _ in range(n):
+                newFrac = {'fracture length': setConfig['fractureLengthPDFParams']['L']}
+                newFrac['theta'] = orientationDistributionPDF.get_value()
+                newFrac['set number'] = self.setNumber
+                fractures.append(newFrac)
+        else:
+            fractureLengthPDF = fractureLengthPDFs(setConfig['fractureLengthPDF'], setConfig['fractureLengthPDFParams'])
+            fractures = []
+            newFrac = {}
+            newFrac['fracture length'] = fractureLengthPDF.get_value()
+            newFrac['theta'] = orientationDistributionPDF.get_value()
+            newFrac['set number'] = self.setNumber
+            fractures.append(newFrac)
+            while self._compute_intensity(fractures) < setConfig['I']:
+                newFrac = {}
+                newFrac['fracture length'] = fractureLengthPDF.get_value()
+                newFrac['theta'] = orientationDistributionPDF.get_value()
+                newFrac['set number'] = self.setNumber
+                fractures.append(newFrac)
+
+        return fractures, setConfig
+
+    # Keep old name as alias
+    def generateFractures(self, setConfig):
+        return self._generate_fractures(setConfig)
+
+    def _compute_intensity(self, fractures):
+        total_length = sum([fracture['fracture length'] for fracture in fractures])
+        area = self.xmax * self.ymax
+        return total_length / area
+
+    def computeIntensity(self, fractures):
+        return self._compute_intensity(fractures)
+
+    def _sort_fractures(self, fractures):
+        fractures.sort(key=lambda x: x['fracture length'], reverse=True)
+        for i, fracture in enumerate(fractures, start=0):
+            fracture['number'] = i
+        return fractures
+
+    def sortFractures(self, fractures):
+        return self._sort_fractures(fractures)
+
+    def _fracture_coordinate(self, fracture, theta, midX, midY):
+        half_length = fracture['fracture length'] / 2
+        theta_adjusted = 90 - theta
+        new_x_start = midX - half_length * np.cos(np.radians(theta_adjusted))
+        new_y_start = midY - half_length * np.sin(np.radians(theta_adjusted))
+        new_x_end = midX + half_length * np.cos(np.radians(theta_adjusted))
+        new_y_end = midY + half_length * np.sin(np.radians(theta_adjusted))
+        return (new_x_start, new_y_start), (new_x_end, new_y_end)
+
+    def fractureCoordinate(self, fracture, theta, midX, midY):
+        return self._fracture_coordinate(fracture, theta, midX, midY)
+
+    def _is_within_domain(self, x, y):
+        return 0 <= x <= self.xmax and 0 <= y <= self.ymax
+
+    def is_within_domain(self, x, y):
+        return self._is_within_domain(x, y)
+
+    def _distance_of_well_from_closest_fracture(self, fractures, wellLocation):
+        min_distance = float('inf')
+        for frac in fractures:
+            x_start, y_start = frac['x_start'], frac['y_start']
+            x_end, y_end = frac['x_end'], frac['y_end']
+            distance = point_to_segment_distance(
+                np.array(wellLocation), np.array([x_start, y_start]), np.array([x_end, y_end]))
+            min_distance = min(min_distance, distance)
+        return min_distance
+
+    def distanceOfWellFromClosetFracture(self, fractures, wellLocation):
+        return self._distance_of_well_from_closest_fracture(fractures, wellLocation)
+
+    def _write_input_properties(self, name, apertureCalculationParameters, fractureSets, stressAzimuth, number=0):
+        InputPropertiesDir = os.path.join(self.outputDir, name)
+        os.makedirs(InputPropertiesDir, exist_ok=True)
+        InputPropertiesFile = os.path.join(InputPropertiesDir, f"{number + 1:03}{name}.txt")
+        with open(InputPropertiesFile, 'w') as f:
+            f.write("domainLengthX: " + str(self.xmax) + '\n')
+            f.write("domainLengthY: " + str(self.ymax) + '\n')
+            i = 1
+            for fracture_set in fractureSets:
+                if isinstance(fracture_set, dict):
+                    f.write("fractureSet " + str(i) + " : " + json.dumps(fracture_set, indent=4) + '\n')
+                else:
+                    f.write("fractureSet " + str(i) + " : " + '\n')
+                i += 1
+            f.write("stressAzimuth: " + str(stressAzimuth) + '\n')
+            f.write("fracture aperture " + str(i) + " : " + json.dumps(apertureCalculationParameters, indent=4) + '\n')
+
+    def generateInputPropertiesFile(self, name, apertureCalculationParameters, fractureSets, stressAzimuth, number=0):
+        return self._write_input_properties(name, apertureCalculationParameters, fractureSets, stressAzimuth, number)
+
+    def _write_fracture_coordinates(self, name, fractures, number=0):
+        coordinatesOutputDir = os.path.join(self.outputDir, name)
+        os.makedirs(coordinatesOutputDir, exist_ok=True)
+        InputPropertiesFile = os.path.join(coordinatesOutputDir, f"{number + 1:03}{name}.txt")
+        with open(InputPropertiesFile, 'w') as fileID:
+            for fracture_set in fractures:
+                for frac in fracture_set:
+                    fileID.write(
+                        f"{frac['x_start']:.4f} {frac['y_start']:.4f} {frac['x_end']:.4f} {frac['y_end']:.4f}\n")
+
+    def generateTextFileForFractureCoordinates(self, name, fractures, number=0):
+        return self._write_fracture_coordinates(name, fractures, number)
+
+    def _write_fracture_set(self, name, fractures, number=0):
+        setOutputDir = os.path.join(self.outputDir, name)
+        os.makedirs(setOutputDir, exist_ok=True)
+        InputPropertiesFile = os.path.join(setOutputDir, f"{number + 1:03}{name}.txt")
+        with open(InputPropertiesFile, 'w') as fileID:
+            for fracture_set in fractures:
+                for frac in fracture_set:
+                    fileID.write(f"{frac['set number']}\n")
+
+    def generateTextFileForFractureSet(self, name, fractures, number=0):
+        return self._write_fracture_set(name, fractures, number)
+
+    def _write_fracture_apertures(self, name, fractures, number=0):
+        apertureOutputDir = os.path.join(self.outputDir, name)
+        os.makedirs(apertureOutputDir, exist_ok=True)
+        InputPropertiesFile = os.path.join(apertureOutputDir, f"{number + 1:03}{name}.txt")
+        with open(InputPropertiesFile, 'w') as fileID:
+            for fracture_set in fractures:
+                for frac in fracture_set:
+                    fileID.write(f"{frac['fracture aperture']:.7f}\n")
+
+    def generateTextFileForFractureApertures(self, name, fractures, number=0):
+        return self._write_fracture_apertures(name, fractures, number)
+
+    def _write_corrected_apertures(self, name, fractures, number=0):
+        correctedApertureDir = os.path.join(self.outputDir, str(name))
+        os.makedirs(correctedApertureDir, exist_ok=True)
+        file_handles = {}
+        try:
+            for set_index, fracture_set in enumerate(fractures):
+                for fracture in fracture_set:
+                    for key, value in fracture.items():
+                        if key.startswith('correctedAperture'):
+                            if key not in file_handles:
+                                filePath = os.path.join(correctedApertureDir, f"{key}_{number + 1:03}.txt")
+                                file_handles[key] = open(filePath, 'w')
+                            file_handles[key].write(f"{value:.7f}\n")
+        finally:
+            for file in file_handles.values():
+                file.close()
+
+    def generateTextFilesForCorrectedApertures(self, name, fractures, number=0):
+        return self._write_corrected_apertures(name, fractures, number)
+
+    def _write_output_properties_per_set(self, name, fractureSets, number=0):
+        outputFileForOutputPropertiesDir = os.path.join(self.outputDir, name)
+        os.makedirs(outputFileForOutputPropertiesDir, exist_ok=True)
+        outputPropertiesFile = os.path.join(outputFileForOutputPropertiesDir, f"{number + 1:03}{name}.txt")
+
+        with open(outputPropertiesFile, 'w') as fileID:
+            for i, fractures in enumerate(fractureSets):
+                intensity = self._compute_intensity(fractures)
+                lengths = [frac['fracture length'] for frac in fractures]
+                apertures = [frac['fracture aperture'] for frac in fractures]
+                minL = min(lengths)
+                maxL = max(lengths)
+                avgL = sum(lengths) / len(lengths)
+                minAperture = min(apertures)
+                maxAperture = max(apertures)
+                avgAperture = sum(apertures) / len(apertures)
+                setProperties = {
+                    'intensity': intensity,
+                    'minLength': minL,
+                    'maxLength': maxL,
+                    'avgLength': avgL,
+                    'minAperture': minAperture,
+                    'maxAperture': maxAperture,
+                    'avgAperture': avgAperture
+                }
+                fileID.write(f"Properties for set{i + 1}:\n")
+                for key, value in setProperties.items():
+                    if value > 1:
+                        fileID.write(f"{key} : {value:.3f}\n")
+                    else:
+                        fileID.write(f"{key} : {value:.3e}\n")
+                stressAzimuths = set()
+                for frac in fractures:
+                    for key in frac:
+                        if key.startswith('correctedAperture'):
+                            stressAzimuths.add(key)
+                for azimuth in sorted(stressAzimuths):
+                    avgAperture = sum(frac[azimuth] for frac in fractures if azimuth in frac) / len(fractures)
+                    maxAperture = max(frac[azimuth] for frac in fractures if azimuth in frac)
+                    minAperture = min(frac[azimuth] for frac in fractures if azimuth in frac)
+                    if avgAperture > 1:
+                        fileID.write(f"{azimuth} Average: {avgAperture:.3f}\n")
+                        fileID.write(f"{azimuth} Max: {maxAperture:.3f}\n")
+                        fileID.write(f"{azimuth} Min: {minAperture:.3f}\n")
+                    else:
+                        fileID.write(f"{azimuth} Average: {avgAperture:.3e}\n")
+                        fileID.write(f"{azimuth} Max: {maxAperture:.3e}\n")
+                        fileID.write(f"{azimuth} Min: {minAperture:.3e}\n")
+                fileID.write("\n")
+
+    def generateOutputFileForOutputPropertiesPerSet(self, name, fractureSets, number=0):
+        return self._write_output_properties_per_set(name, fractureSets, number)
+
+    def _write_overall_properties(self, name, fractureSets, number=0):
+        outputFileForOverallPropertiesDir = os.path.join(self.outputDir, name)
+        os.makedirs(outputFileForOverallPropertiesDir, exist_ok=True)
+        outputPropertiesFile = os.path.join(outputFileForOverallPropertiesDir, f"{number + 1:03}{name}.txt")
+
+        allFractures = [frac for fractures in fractureSets for frac in fractures]
+        totalCountFrac = len(allFractures)
+
+        totalIntersection = 0
+        for i, set1 in enumerate(fractureSets):
+            for set2 in fractureSets[i + 1:]:
+                for frac1 in set1:
+                    for frac2 in set2:
+                        line1 = ((frac1['x_start'], frac1['y_start']), (frac1['x_end'], frac1['y_end']))
+                        line2 = ((frac2['x_start'], frac2['y_start']), (frac2['x_end'], frac2['y_end']))
+                        intersect = line_intersection(line1, line2)
+                        if intersect:
+                            totalIntersection += 1
+
+        areaRock = self.xmax * self.ymax
+        connectivity = totalIntersection / (areaRock * totalCountFrac)
+        totalIntensity = self._compute_intensity(allFractures)
+        lengths = [frac['fracture length'] for frac in allFractures]
+        apertures = [frac['fracture aperture'] for frac in allFractures]
+        minLength = min(lengths)
+        maxLength = max(lengths)
+        avgLength = sum(lengths) / totalCountFrac
+        minAperture = min(apertures)
+        maxAperture = max(apertures)
+        avgAperture = sum(apertures) / totalCountFrac
+
+        wellLocation = (self.xmax / 2, self.ymax / 2)
+        minDistanceFromWell = self._distance_of_well_from_closest_fracture(allFractures, wellLocation)
+
+        stressAzimuths = set()
+        for frac in allFractures:
+            for key in frac:
+                if key.startswith('correctedAperture'):
+                    stressAzimuths.add(key)
+
+        with open(outputPropertiesFile, 'w') as fileID:
+            fileID.write(f"Total number of fractures: {totalCountFrac}\n"
+                         f"Total intensity: {totalIntensity:.3f}\n"
+                         f"Minimum fracture length: {minLength:.3f}\n"
+                         f"Maximum fracture length: {maxLength:.3f}\n"
+                         f"Average fracture length: {avgLength:.3f}\n"
+                         f"Average aperture: {avgAperture:.3e}\n"
+                         f"Maximum aperture: {maxAperture:.3e}\n"
+                         f"Minimum aperture: {minAperture:.3e}\n"
+                         f"connectivity= {connectivity:.3e}\n"
+                         f"wellLocation= {wellLocation}\n"
+                         f"minDistanceFromWell= {minDistanceFromWell}\n")
+            for azimuth in sorted(stressAzimuths):
+                avgAperture = sum(frac[azimuth] for frac in allFractures if azimuth in frac) / len(allFractures)
+                maxAperture = max(frac[azimuth] for frac in allFractures if azimuth in frac)
+                minAperture = min(frac[azimuth] for frac in allFractures if azimuth in frac)
+                fileID.write(f"{azimuth} Average: {avgAperture:.3e}\n")
+                fileID.write(f"{azimuth} Max: {maxAperture:.3e}\n")
+                fileID.write(f"{azimuth} Min: {minAperture:.3e}\n")
+
+    def generateOutputFileForOverallProperties(self, name, fractureSets, number=0):
+        return self._write_overall_properties(name, fractureSets, number)
+
+    def _plot_fractures(self, fractureSets, name, number=0):
+        figDir = os.path.join(self.outputDir, 'pics')
+        os.makedirs(figDir, exist_ok=True)
+        figDirFile = os.path.join(figDir, f"{number + 1:03}{name}.png")
+
+        ratio = self.ymax / self.xmax
+        plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10 * ratio))
+        colors = ['red', 'blue', 'green', 'purple', 'orange', 'brown']
+        setLabels = [f'Set {i + 1}' for i in range(len(fractureSets))]
+
+        for fractures, color, label in zip(fractureSets, colors, setLabels):
+            for fracture in fractures:
+                x_start, y_start = fracture['x_start'], fracture['y_start']
+                x_end, y_end = fracture['x_end'], fracture['y_end']
+                plt.plot([x_start, x_end], [y_start, y_end], color=color, label=label)
+                label = "_nolegend_"
+
+        plt.annotate('N', xy=(1.02, 1.00), xycoords='axes fraction', fontsize=20, ha='center', va='center')
+        plt.annotate('', xy=(1.02, 0.98), xytext=(1.02, 0.9), xycoords='axes fraction', textcoords='axes fraction',
+                     arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05), ha='center', va='center')
+        plt.xlabel('X Coordinate')
+        plt.ylabel('Y Coordinate')
+        plt.title('DFN Visualization')
+        plt.grid(True)
+        plt.xlim(0, self.xmax)
+        plt.ylim(0, self.ymax)
+        plt.legend(loc='upper center', bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, -0.07), fancybox=True, shadow=True, ncol=len(fractureSets))
+        plt.savefig(figDirFile, bbox_inches='tight', format='png', dpi=300)
+
+    def plotFractures(self, fractureSets, name, number=0):
+        return self._plot_fractures(fractureSets, name, number)
+
+    def _plot_corrected_apertures(self, name, fractureSets, number=0):
+        figDir = os.path.join(self.outputDir, 'stressDependency')
+        os.makedirs(figDir, exist_ok=True)
+        figDirFile = os.path.join(figDir, f"{number + 1:03}{name}.png")
+
+        stress_azimuths = [key for key in fractureSets[0][0].keys() if key.startswith('correctedAperture')]
+
+        num_rows = 2
+        num_cols = (len(stress_azimuths) + num_rows - 1) // num_rows
+        fig, axes = plt.subplots(num_rows, num_cols, figsize=(12, 18), constrained_layout=True)
+
+        all_apertures = [fracture[key] for fracture_set in fractureSets for fracture in fracture_set for key in stress_azimuths]
+        min_aperture, max_aperture = min(all_apertures), max(all_apertures)
+
+        norm = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=min_aperture, vmax=max_aperture)
+        cmap = plt.get_cmap('viridis')
+
+        ax = axes.flat[0]
+        ax.set_aspect('equal', adjustable='box')
+        for set_index, fractures in enumerate(fractureSets):
+            for fracture in fractures:
+                corrected_aperture = fracture['initial aperture']
+                color = cmap(norm(corrected_aperture))
+                x_start, y_start = fracture['x_start'], fracture['y_start']
+                x_end, y_end = fracture['x_end'], fracture['y_end']
+                ax.plot([x_start, x_end], [y_start, y_end], color=color)
+        ax.set_xlabel('X Coordinate')
+        ax.set_ylabel('Y Coordinate')
+        ax.set_title('Initial aperture')
+        ax.grid(True)
+        ax.set_xlim(0, self.xmax)
+        ax.set_ylim(0, self.ymax)
+
+        for ax_idx, azimuth in enumerate(stress_azimuths):
+            ax = axes.flat[ax_idx + 1]
+            ax.set_aspect('equal', adjustable='box')
+            for set_index, fractures in enumerate(fractureSets):
+                for fracture in fractures:
+                    corrected_aperture = fracture[azimuth]
+                    color = cmap(norm(corrected_aperture))
+                    x_start, y_start = fracture['x_start'], fracture['y_start']
+                    x_end, y_end = fracture['x_end'], fracture['y_end']
+                    ax.plot([x_start, x_end], [y_start, y_end], color=color)
+            ax.set_xlabel('X Coordinate')
+            ax.set_ylabel('Y Coordinate')
+            ax.set_title(f'{azimuth.replace("correctedAperture", "Stress orientation = ")} ')
+            ax.grid(True)
+            ax.set_xlim(0, self.xmax)
+            ax.set_ylim(0, self.ymax)
+
+        sm = plt.cm.ScalarMappable(cmap=cmap, norm=norm)
+        sm.set_array([])
+        cbar = fig.colorbar(sm, ax=axes.ravel().tolist(), orientation='vertical', pad=0.01)
+        cbar.set_label('Corrected Aperture Value', rotation=270, labelpad=15)
+        plt.savefig(figDirFile, format='png', dpi=300)
+        plt.close(fig)
+
+    def plotCorrectedApertures(self, name, fractureSets, number=0):
+        return self._plot_corrected_apertures(name, fractureSets, number)
+
+    def _plot_orientation_stereographic(self, name, fractureSets, number=0):
+        orientationStereographicDir = os.path.join(self.outputDir, name)
+        os.makedirs(orientationStereographicDir, exist_ok=True)
+        orientationStereographicDirFile = os.path.join(orientationStereographicDir, f"{number + 1:03}{name}.png")
+        colors = ['b', 'g', 'r', 'c', 'm', 'y', 'k']
+        fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={'polar': True})
+        for i, fracture_set in enumerate(fractureSets):
+            theta_values = [frac['theta'] for frac in fracture_set]
+            theta_radians = np.radians(theta_values)
+            ax.hist(theta_radians, bins=36, density=True, alpha=0.75, color=colors[i % len(colors)],
+                    label=f'Set {i + 1}')
+        ax.set_theta_zero_location('N')
+        ax.set_theta_direction(-1)
+        plt.legend()
+        plt.savefig(orientationStereographicDirFile, format='png', dpi=300)
+
+    def plotOrientationStereographic(self, name, fractureSets, number=0):
+        return self._plot_orientation_stereographic(name, fractureSets, number)
+
+
+def point_to_segment_distance(p, a, b):
+    if np.all(a == b):
+        return np.linalg.norm(p - a)
+    v = b - a
+    w = p - a
+    c1 = np.dot(w, v)
+    if c1 <= 0:
+        return np.linalg.norm(p - a)
+    c2 = np.dot(v, v)
+    if c2 <= c1:
+        return np.linalg.norm(p - b)
+    b = c1 / c2
+    pb = a + b * v
+    return np.linalg.norm(p - pb)
+
+
+def segment_to_segment_distance(s1, s2):
+    intersect, _, _ = line_intersection(s1, s2)
+    if intersect:
+        return 0
+    else:
+        s1_start, s1_end = s1
+        s2_start, s2_end = s2
+        distances = [
+            point_to_segment_distance(np.array(s1_start), np.array(s2_start), np.array(s2_end)),
+            point_to_segment_distance(np.array(s1_end), np.array(s2_start), np.array(s2_end)),
+            point_to_segment_distance(np.array(s2_start), np.array(s1_start), np.array(s1_end)),
+            point_to_segment_distance(np.array(s2_end), np.array(s1_start), np.array(s1_end))
+        ]
+        return min(distances)
+
+
+def line_intersection(line1, line2):
+    ((x1, y1), (x2, y2)) = line1
+    ((x3, y3), (x4, y4)) = line2
+
+    A1 = y2 - y1
+    B1 = x1 - x2
+    C1 = A1 * x1 + B1 * y1
+
+    A2 = y4 - y3
+    B2 = x3 - x4
+    C2 = A2 * x3 + B2 * y3
+
+    determinant = A1 * B2 - A2 * B1
+
+    if determinant == 0:
+        return False, None, None
+
+    x = (B2 * C1 - B1 * C2) / determinant
+    y = (A1 * C2 - A2 * C1) / determinant
+
+    if (min(x1, x2) <= x <= max(x1, x2) and
+            min(y1, y2) <= y <= max(y1, y2) and
+            min(x3, x4) <= x <= max(x3, x4) and
+            min(y3, y4) <= y <= max(y3, y4)):
+        return True, x, y
+    else:
+        return False, x, y