ApiLogicServer 15.4.3__py3-none-any.whl → 16.0.0__py3-none-any.whl

api_logic_server_cli/prototypes/base/docs/training/probabilistic_logic_guide.md

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+# Probabilistic Logic Guide - Pattern Implementation
+
+**Scope:** Implementing probabilistic (AI-powered) logic rules in ApiLogicServer projects.  
+**Prerequisites:** Understanding of LogicBank deterministic rules (constraints, sums, formulas).  
+**Related:** See `genai_logic_patterns.md` for framework-level patterns.
+
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+Probabilistic logic extends deterministic rules with AI-powered decision making. The key pattern:
+- **Deterministic rules:** Constraints, sums, copy - always produce same result
+- **Probabilistic rules:** AI-powered formulas - results depend on data, context, external factors
+
+**Architecture:**
+```
+logic/
+  declare_logic.py          # Main rule declarations (loads auto-discovery)
+  logic_discovery/          # Use case logic
+    check_credit.py         # Deterministic + conditional AI
+  ai_requests/              # Reusable AI handlers
+    supplier_selection.py   # AI handler with Request Pattern
+```
+
+---
+
+## Pattern: Conditional Formula with AI
+
+### Basic Structure
+
+```python
+def ConditionalFormula(row, old_row, logic_row):
+    """
+    Conditional logic:
+    - IF condition met → use deterministic calculation
+    - ELSE → call AI for probabilistic computation
+    """
+    if simple_case(row):
+        return deterministic_value(row)
+    else:
+        return probabilistic_value(row, logic_row)
+
+Rule.formula(derive=models.MyTable.field, calling=ConditionalFormula)
+```
+
+### Real Example (Supplier Selection)
+
+```python
+from logic.ai_requests.supplier_selection import get_supplier_price_from_ai
+
+def ItemUnitPriceFromSupplier(row: models.Item, old_row, logic_row):
+    """
+    Determine Item.unit_price:
+    - IF Product has NO suppliers → copy from Product.unit_price (deterministic)
+    - IF Product has suppliers → call AI to select optimal supplier (probabilistic)
+    """
+    if row.product.count_suppliers == 0:
+        logic_row.log("Product has no suppliers, using product.unit_price")
+        return row.product.unit_price  # Deterministic
+    
+    # Probabilistic - AI selects best supplier
+    return get_supplier_price_from_ai(
+        row=row,
+        logic_row=logic_row,
+        candidates='product.ProductSupplierList',
+        optimize_for='fastest reliable delivery while keeping costs reasonable',
+        fallback='min:unit_cost'
+    )
+
+Rule.formula(derive=models.Item.unit_price, calling=ItemUnitPriceFromSupplier)
+```
+
+**Key Points:**
+- Formula handles BOTH deterministic and probabilistic cases
+- Clear condition determines which path to take
+- AI handler encapsulates complexity
+- Fallback strategy always provided
+
+---
+
+## Request Pattern for Audit Trail
+
+Every AI computation creates an audit record capturing:
+- Request details (what was asked)
+- Response details (what AI decided)
+- Reasoning (why AI made that choice)
+- Timestamp (when decision was made)
+
+### Audit Table Structure
+
+```python
+class SysSupplierReq(Base):
+    """Audit table for AI supplier selection"""
+    __tablename__ = 'sys_supplier_req'
+    
+    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    item_id = Column(ForeignKey('item.id'))
+    product_id = Column(ForeignKey('product.id'), nullable=False)
+    
+    # AI Response
+    chosen_supplier_id = Column(ForeignKey('supplier.id'))
+    chosen_unit_price = Column(DECIMAL)
+    reason = Column(String)
+    
+    # Metadata
+    request = Column(String)  # Optional: stores AI prompt
+    created_on = Column(DateTime, server_default=func.now())
+    
+    # Relationships for navigation
+    item = relationship("Item", back_populates="SysSupplierReqList")
+    product = relationship("Product", back_populates="SysSupplierReqList")
+    supplier = relationship("Supplier", back_populates="SysSupplierReqList")
+```
+
+### Implementation Pattern
+
+**AI Handler (returns value):**
+```python
+def get_supplier_price_from_ai(row, logic_row, candidates, optimize_for, fallback):
+    """
+    Creates audit record and returns computed value.
+    Event handler populates audit fields DURING this call.
+    """
+    # Create audit record using LogicBank triggered insert
+    audit_logic_row = logic_row.new_logic_row(models.SysSupplierReq)
+    audit_record = audit_logic_row.row
+    audit_logic_row.link(to_parent=logic_row)
+    
+    # Set request context
+    audit_record.product_id = row.product_id
+    audit_record.item_id = row.id
+    
+    # Insert triggers event handler which populates chosen_* fields
+    audit_logic_row.insert(reason="Supplier AI Request")
+    
+    # Return value populated by event handler
+    return audit_record.chosen_unit_price
+```
+
+**Event Handler (populates audit):**
+```python
+def supplier_id_from_ai(row: models.SysSupplierReq, old_row, logic_row):
+    """
+    Fires DURING audit record insert.
+    Computes AI decision and populates audit fields.
+    """
+    if not logic_row.is_inserted():
+        return
+    
+    # Get candidates (suppliers for this product)
+    suppliers = row.product.ProductSupplierList
+    
+    # AI computation (or fallback)
+    if not has_api_key():
+        min_supplier = min(suppliers, key=lambda s: s.unit_cost)
+    else:
+        # Call AI service
+        result = call_ai_service(
+            candidates=suppliers,
+            optimize_for='fastest reliable delivery',
+            context=load_test_context()
+        )
+        min_supplier = result.chosen_supplier
+    
+    # Populate audit fields
+    row.chosen_supplier_id = min_supplier.supplier_id
+    row.chosen_unit_price = min_supplier.unit_cost
+    row.reason = f"Selected supplier {min_supplier.supplier_id}: lowest cost at {min_supplier.unit_cost}"
+
+def declare_logic():
+    """Auto-discovery calls this to register event handler"""
+    Rule.early_row_event(on_class=models.SysSupplierReq, calling=supplier_id_from_ai)
+```
+
+**Why This Works:**
+1. Formula calls `get_supplier_price_from_ai()`
+2. Handler creates audit record using `logic_row.insert()`
+3. Insert triggers event handler `supplier_id_from_ai()`
+4. Event handler computes AI decision and populates fields
+5. Formula returns `audit_record.chosen_unit_price` (now populated)
+6. All audit details captured in database
+
+---
+
+## Integration with Deterministic Rules
+
+Probabilistic rules work seamlessly with deterministic rules:
+
+```python
+# Deterministic rules execute first
+Rule.sum(derive=models.Order.amount_total, as_sum_of=models.Item.amount)
+Rule.formula(derive=models.Item.amount, as_expression=lambda row: row.quantity * row.unit_price)
+Rule.count(derive=models.Product.count_suppliers, as_count_of=models.ProductSupplier)
+
+# Probabilistic rule depends on count_suppliers (deterministic)
+def ItemUnitPriceFromSupplier(row, old_row, logic_row):
+    if row.product.count_suppliers == 0:  # Uses deterministic count
+        return row.product.unit_price
+    return get_supplier_price_from_ai(...)  # Probabilistic
+
+Rule.formula(derive=models.Item.unit_price, calling=ItemUnitPriceFromSupplier)
+
+# Constraint applies to final result (regardless of how computed)
+Rule.constraint(validate=models.Customer,
+    as_condition=lambda row: row.balance <= row.credit_limit,
+    error_msg="Balance exceeds credit limit")
+```
+
+**Execution Flow:**
+1. Item inserted with product_id and quantity
+2. count_suppliers computed (deterministic sum)
+3. unit_price computed (conditional: deterministic OR probabilistic)
+4. amount computed (deterministic: quantity * unit_price)
+5. amount_total computed (deterministic sum)
+6. balance updated (deterministic sum)
+7. credit_limit constraint checked (deterministic validation)
+
+**Key Insight:** AI decision (step 3) is just one step in the chain. All other rules remain deterministic.
+
+---
+
+## Testing Probabilistic Rules
+
+### Test Without AI (Deterministic Path)
+```python
+def test_no_suppliers_uses_product_price():
+    """When product has no suppliers, should use product.unit_price"""
+    session = create_session()
+    
+    # Setup: Product with NO suppliers
+    product = Product(id=1, name="Test", unit_price=100.00)
+    product.count_suppliers = 0  # Deterministic
+    
+    # Test: Insert item
+    item = Item(product_id=1, quantity=5)
+    session.add(item)
+    session.flush()
+    
+    # Verify: Used product.unit_price (deterministic path)
+    assert item.unit_price == 100.00
+    assert item.amount == 500.00
+```
+
+### Test With AI (Probabilistic Path)
+```python
+def test_with_suppliers_uses_ai():
+    """When product has suppliers, should call AI"""
+    session = create_session()
+    
+    # Setup: Product WITH suppliers
+    product = Product(id=2, name="Test", unit_price=100.00)
+    supplier1 = Supplier(id=1, name="Fast Inc")
+    supplier2 = Supplier(id=2, name="Cheap Co")
+    ProductSupplier(product_id=2, supplier_id=1, unit_cost=110.00)
+    ProductSupplier(product_id=2, supplier_id=2, unit_cost=95.00)
+    product.count_suppliers = 2  # Deterministic
+    
+    # Test: Insert item
+    item = Item(product_id=2, quantity=5)
+    session.add(item)
+    session.flush()
+    
+    # Verify: Used AI (probabilistic path)
+    assert item.unit_price in [110.00, 95.00]  # One of the suppliers
+    
+    # Verify: Audit record created
+    audit = session.query(SysSupplierReq).filter_by(item_id=item.id).one()
+    assert audit.chosen_supplier_id in [1, 2]
+    assert audit.chosen_unit_price in [110.00, 95.00]
+    assert audit.reason is not None
+```
+
+### Test AI Logic Independently
+```python
+@patch('logic.ai_requests.supplier_selection.call_ai_service')
+def test_ai_handler_with_mock(mock_ai):
+    """Test AI handler in isolation"""
+    mock_ai.return_value = {
+        'supplier_id': 2,
+        'unit_cost': 95.00,
+        'reason': 'Lowest cost'
+    }
+    
+    # Create test context
+    row = create_test_item()
+    logic_row = create_test_logic_row(row)
+    
+    # Call handler
+    result = get_supplier_price_from_ai(row, logic_row, ...)
+    
+    # Verify
+    assert result == 95.00
+    assert mock_ai.called
+```
+
+---
+
+## Common Patterns
+
+### Pattern 1: Simple Conditional AI
+```python
+def my_formula(row, old_row, logic_row):
+    if has_simple_answer(row):
+        return simple_calculation(row)
+    return get_ai_value(row, logic_row, ...)
+
+Rule.formula(derive=models.MyTable.field, calling=my_formula)
+```
+
+### Pattern 2: AI with Fallback Strategy
+```python
+def robust_formula(row, old_row, logic_row):
+    try:
+        return get_ai_value(row, logic_row, fallback='min:cost')
+    except AIError:
+        return row.default_value
+```
+
+### Pattern 3: Multiple AI Decisions
+```python
+def complex_formula(row, old_row, logic_row):
+    # First decision: supplier
+    supplier_price = get_supplier_price_from_ai(...)
+    
+    # Second decision: route
+    shipping_cost = get_route_cost_from_ai(...)
+    
+    return supplier_price + shipping_cost
+```
+
+### Pattern 4: AI Influences Multiple Fields
+```python
+def ai_event_populates_multiple_fields(row, old_row, logic_row):
+    if logic_row.is_inserted():
+        result = call_ai_service(...)
+        row.field1 = result.value1
+        row.field2 = result.value2
+        row.field3 = result.value3
+        row.audit_reason = result.reasoning
+```
+
+---
+
+## Best Practices
+
+1. **Always provide fallback:** Never let AI failure break business logic
+2. **Use conditional formulas:** Check simple cases before calling AI
+3. **Create audit records:** Capture every AI decision for observability
+4. **Test both paths:** Test deterministic path AND AI path independently
+5. **Document AI goals:** What is AI optimizing for? Make it explicit
+6. **Handle errors gracefully:** Catch exceptions, log details, use fallback
+7. **Use early_row_event:** Populate audit fields before other rules need them
+8. **Leverage relationships:** Navigate to candidates via SQLAlchemy relationships
+9. **Keep handlers reusable:** One AI handler can serve multiple use cases
+10. **Monitor audit tables:** Review AI decisions periodically for quality
+
+---
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+### Issue: AI not called when expected
+**Check:**
+- Is conditional logic correct? (`if count > 0` vs `if count == 0`)
+- Are relationships loaded? (Use `row.product.ProductSupplierList`)
+- Is count_suppliers computed before formula runs?
+
+### Issue: Audit record empty or missing fields
+**Check:**
+- Is event handler registered? (Check `declare_logic()` called)
+- Is event checking `logic_row.is_inserted()`?
+- Is event handler using `early_row_event` (not `row_event`)?
+
+### Issue: `request` and `reason` fields contain generic/incomplete data
+**Problem:** Audit trail lacks actionable details for debugging/compliance
+**Solution:** Populate fields in AI handler (where data exists) with complete information:
+```python
+# ✅ CORRECT - In AI handler, populate with full context
+candidate_summary = ', '.join([f"{s.supplier.name}(${s.unit_cost})" for s in suppliers])
+row.request = f"Select supplier for {product.name}: Candidates=[{candidate_summary}], World={world}"
+row.reason = f"AI: {supplier_name} (${price}) - {ai_explanation}"
+
+# ❌ WRONG - Generic constants with no business context
+row.request = "Select supplier"
+row.reason = "AI selection"
+```
+**Key:** Include supplier names, prices, world conditions - not just IDs
+
+### Issue: "AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'product_id'" on delete
+**Problem:** Early events fire on delete but `old_row` is None
+**Solution:** Check `is_deleted()` FIRST before accessing `old_row`:
+```python
+def my_early_event(row, old_row, logic_row):
+    # ✅ CORRECT - Check delete first
+    if logic_row.is_deleted():
+        return
+    
+    # Now safe to access old_row
+    if row.product_id != old_row.product_id:
+        # handle change
+        pass
+```
+**Rule:** ALL early events that access `old_row` MUST check `is_deleted()` first
+
+### Issue: "Session is already flushing" error
+**Solution:** Use LogicBank triggered insert pattern:
+```python
+# ❌ WRONG
+session.add(audit)
+session.flush()
+
+# ✅ CORRECT
+audit_logic_row = logic_row.new_logic_row(models.Audit)
+audit_logic_row.insert(reason="AI")
+```
+
+### Issue: Audit record created but value not returned
+**Check:**
+- Does event handler populate fields BEFORE formula returns?
+- Is event handler using `early_row_event` (runs during insert)?
+- Does formula return value from audit record? (`return audit_record.field`)
+
+---
+
+## Summary
+
+**Probabilistic Logic Pattern:**
+1. Conditional formula decides deterministic vs AI
+2. AI handler creates audit record using triggered insert
+3. Event handler populates audit fields with AI decision
+4. Formula returns value from audit record
+5. All audit details captured for observability
+
+**Key Benefits:**
+- Seamless integration with deterministic rules
+- Full audit trail of AI decisions
+- Graceful fallback when AI unavailable
+- Testable at multiple levels
+- Reusable AI handlers across use cases
+
+**Remember:**
+- Probabilistic rules are still rules - they participate in multi-table transactions
+- AI decisions are atomic with database updates
+- Audit trails enable debugging and quality monitoring
+- Fallback strategies ensure business continuity