zod 4.1.0-canary.20250806T000520 → 4.1.0-canary.20250813T051310

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "zod",
-  "version": "4.1.0-canary.20250806T000520",
+  "version": "4.1.0-canary.20250813T051310",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
   "author": "Colin McDonnell <zod@colinhacks.com>",

package/src/v4/classic/schemas.ts

@@ -1215,11 +1215,13 @@ export function union<const T extends readonly core.SomeType[]>(
 }
 
 // ZodDiscriminatedUnion
-export interface ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Options extends readonly core.SomeType[] = readonly core.$ZodType[]>
-  extends ZodUnion<Options>,
-    core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Options> {
-  _zod: core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options>;
-  def: core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionDef<Options>;
+export interface ZodDiscriminatedUnion<
+  Options extends readonly core.SomeType[] = readonly core.$ZodType[],
+  Disc extends string = string,
+> extends ZodUnion<Options>,
+    core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Options, Disc> {
+  _zod: core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options, Disc>;
+  def: core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionDef<Options, Disc>;
 }
 export const ZodDiscriminatedUnion: core.$constructor<ZodDiscriminatedUnion> = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor(
   "ZodDiscriminatedUnion",
@@ -1231,11 +1233,12 @@ export const ZodDiscriminatedUnion: core.$constructor<ZodDiscriminatedUnion> = /
 
 export function discriminatedUnion<
   Types extends readonly [core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable, ...core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable[]],
+  Disc extends string,
 >(
-  discriminator: string,
+  discriminator: Disc,
   options: Types,
   params?: string | core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionParams
-): ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Types> {
+): ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Types, Disc> {
   // const [options, params] = args;
   return new ZodDiscriminatedUnion({
     type: "union",
@@ -1685,7 +1688,7 @@ export function _default<T extends core.SomeType>(
     type: "default",
     innerType: innerType as any as core.$ZodType,
     get defaultValue() {
-      return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? (defaultValue as Function)() : defaultValue;
+      return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? (defaultValue as Function)() : util.shallowClone(defaultValue);
     },
   }) as any;
 }
@@ -1713,7 +1716,7 @@ export function prefault<T extends core.SomeType>(
     type: "prefault",
     innerType: innerType as any as core.$ZodType,
     get defaultValue() {
-      return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? (defaultValue as Function)() : defaultValue;
+      return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? (defaultValue as Function)() : util.shallowClone(defaultValue);
     },
   }) as any;
 }

package/src/v4/classic/tests/default.test.ts

@@ -311,3 +311,15 @@ test("partial should not clobber defaults", () => {
     }
   `);
 });
+
+test("defaulted object schema returns shallow clone", () => {
+  const schema = z
+    .object({
+      a: z.string(),
+    })
+    .default({ a: "x" });
+  const result1 = schema.parse(undefined);
+  const result2 = schema.parse(undefined);
+  expect(result1).not.toBe(result2);
+  expect(result1).toEqual(result2);
+});

package/src/v4/classic/tests/file.test.ts

@@ -38,8 +38,9 @@ test("failing validations", () => {
         "origin": "file",
         "code": "too_small",
         "minimum": 5,
+        "inclusive": true,
         "path": [],
-        "message": "Too small: expected file to have >5 bytes"
+        "message": "Too small: expected file to have >=5 bytes"
       }
     ]],
       "success": false,
@@ -52,8 +53,9 @@ test("failing validations", () => {
         "origin": "file",
         "code": "too_big",
         "maximum": 8,
+        "inclusive": true,
         "path": [],
-        "message": "Too big: expected file to have <8 bytes"
+        "message": "Too big: expected file to have <=8 bytes"
       }
     ]],
       "success": false,

package/src/v4/classic/tests/prefault.test.ts

@@ -35,3 +35,15 @@ test("prefault inside object", () => {
     email: string;
   }>();
 });
+
+test("object schema with prefault should return shallow clone", () => {
+  const schema = z
+    .object({
+      a: z.string(),
+    })
+    .default({ a: "x" });
+  const result1 = schema.parse(undefined);
+  const result2 = schema.parse(undefined);
+  expect(result1).not.toBe(result2);
+  expect(result1).toEqual(result2);
+});

package/src/v4/classic/tests/set.test.ts

@@ -155,7 +155,8 @@ test("min/max", async () => {
     [
       {
         "code": "too_small",
-        "message": "Too small: expected set to have >4 items",
+        "inclusive": true,
+        "message": "Too small: expected set to have >=4 items",
         "minimum": 4,
         "origin": "set",
         "path": [],
@@ -169,8 +170,9 @@ test("min/max", async () => {
     [
       {
         "code": "too_big",
+        "inclusive": true,
         "maximum": 5,
-        "message": "Too big: expected set to have <5 items",
+        "message": "Too big: expected set to have <=5 items",
         "origin": "set",
         "path": [],
       },

package/src/v4/core/api.ts

@@ -1081,12 +1081,15 @@ export interface $ZodTypeDiscriminable extends schemas.$ZodType {
   _zod: $ZodTypeDiscriminableInternals;
 }
 export type $ZodDiscriminatedUnionParams = TypeParams<schemas.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion, "options" | "discriminator">;
-export function _discriminatedUnion<Types extends [$ZodTypeDiscriminable, ...$ZodTypeDiscriminable[]]>(
+export function _discriminatedUnion<
+  Types extends [$ZodTypeDiscriminable, ...$ZodTypeDiscriminable[]],
+  Disc extends string,
+>(
   Class: util.SchemaClass<schemas.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion>,
-  discriminator: string,
+  discriminator: Disc,
   options: Types,
   params?: string | $ZodDiscriminatedUnionParams
-): schemas.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Types> {
+): schemas.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Types, Disc> {
   return new Class({
     type: "union",
     options,
@@ -1318,7 +1321,7 @@ export function _default<T extends schemas.$ZodObject>(
     type: "default",
     innerType,
     get defaultValue() {
-      return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? (defaultValue as Function)() : defaultValue;
+      return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? (defaultValue as Function)() : util.shallowClone(defaultValue);
     },
   }) as any;
 }

package/src/v4/core/checks.ts

@@ -470,6 +470,7 @@ export const $ZodCheckMaxSize: core.$constructor<$ZodCheckMaxSize> = /*@__PURE__
         origin: util.getSizableOrigin(input),
         code: "too_big",
         maximum: def.maximum,
+        inclusive: true,
         input,
         inst,
         continue: !def.abort,
@@ -519,6 +520,7 @@ export const $ZodCheckMinSize: core.$constructor<$ZodCheckMinSize> = /*@__PURE__
         origin: util.getSizableOrigin(input),
         code: "too_small",
         minimum: def.minimum,
+        inclusive: true,
         input,
         inst,
         continue: !def.abort,

package/src/v4/core/schemas.ts

@@ -1721,7 +1721,7 @@ export const $ZodObject: core.$constructor<$ZodObject> = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$con
   const _normalized = util.cached(() => {
     const keys = Object.keys(def.shape);
     for (const k of keys) {
-      if (!(def.shape[k] instanceof $ZodType)) {
+      if (!def.shape[k]._zod.traits.has("$ZodType")) {
         throw new Error(`Invalid element at key "${k}": expected a Zod schema`);
       }
     }
@@ -2010,20 +2010,27 @@ export const $ZodUnion: core.$constructor<$ZodUnion> = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$const
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-export interface $ZodDiscriminatedUnionDef<Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[]>
-  extends $ZodUnionDef<Options> {
-  discriminator: string;
+export interface $ZodDiscriminatedUnionDef<
+  Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[],
+  Disc extends string = string,
+> extends $ZodUnionDef<Options> {
+  discriminator: Disc;
   unionFallback?: boolean;
 }
 
-export interface $ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[]>
-  extends $ZodUnionInternals<Options> {
-  def: $ZodDiscriminatedUnionDef<Options>;
+export interface $ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<
+  Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[],
+  Disc extends string = string,
+> extends $ZodUnionInternals<Options> {
+  def: $ZodDiscriminatedUnionDef<Options, Disc>;
   propValues: util.PropValues;
 }
 
-export interface $ZodDiscriminatedUnion<T extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[]> extends $ZodType {
-  _zod: $ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<T>;
+export interface $ZodDiscriminatedUnion<
+  Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[],
+  Disc extends string = string,
+> extends $ZodType {
+  _zod: $ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options, Disc>;
 }
 
 export const $ZodDiscriminatedUnion: core.$constructor<$ZodDiscriminatedUnion> =
@@ -3635,7 +3642,8 @@ export const $ZodTemplateLiteral: core.$constructor<$ZodTemplateLiteral> = /*@__
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
     const regexParts: string[] = [];
     for (const part of def.parts) {
-      if (part instanceof $ZodType) {
+      if (typeof part === "object" && part !== null) {
+        // is Zod schema
         if (!part._zod.pattern) {
           // if (!source)
           throw new Error(`Invalid template literal part, no pattern found: ${[...(part as any)._zod.traits].shift()}`);

package/src/v4/core/util.ts

@@ -389,6 +389,11 @@ export function isPlainObject(o: any): o is Record<PropertyKey, unknown> {
   return true;
 }
 
+export function shallowClone(o: any): any {
+  if (isPlainObject(o)) return { ...o };
+  return o;
+}
+
 export function numKeys(data: any): number {
   let keyCount = 0;
   for (const key in data) {

package/src/v4/core/versions.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 export const version = {
   major: 4,
   minor: 0,
-  patch: 15 as number,
+  patch: 17 as number,
 } as const;

package/src/v4/mini/schemas.ts

@@ -907,9 +907,11 @@ export function union<const T extends readonly SomeType[]>(
 }
 
 // ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion
-export interface ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion<Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly core.$ZodType[]>
-  extends ZodMiniUnion<Options> {
-  _zod: core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options>;
+export interface ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion<
+  Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly core.$ZodType[],
+  Disc extends string = string,
+> extends ZodMiniUnion<Options> {
+  _zod: core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options, Disc>;
 }
 export const ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion: core.$constructor<ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion> = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor(
   "ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion",
@@ -921,17 +923,18 @@ export const ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion: core.$constructor<ZodMiniDiscriminatedUn
 
 export function discriminatedUnion<
   Types extends readonly [core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable, ...core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable[]],
+  Disc extends string,
 >(
-  discriminator: string,
+  discriminator: Disc,
   options: Types,
   params?: string | core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionParams
-): ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion<Types> {
+): ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion<Types, Disc> {
   return new ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion({
     type: "union",
     options,
     discriminator,
     ...util.normalizeParams(params),
-  }) as ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion<Types>;
+  }) as ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion<Types, Disc>;
 }
 
 // ZodMiniIntersection
@@ -1253,7 +1256,7 @@ export function _default<T extends SomeType>(
     type: "default",
     innerType: innerType as any as core.$ZodType,
     get defaultValue() {
-      return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? (defaultValue as Function)() : defaultValue;
+      return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? (defaultValue as Function)() : util.shallowClone(defaultValue);
     },
   }) as any;
 }
@@ -1278,7 +1281,7 @@ export function prefault<T extends SomeType>(
     type: "prefault",
     innerType: innerType as any as core.$ZodType,
     get defaultValue() {
-      return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? (defaultValue as Function)() : defaultValue;
+      return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? (defaultValue as Function)() : util.shallowClone(defaultValue);
     },
   }) as any;
 }

package/src/v4/mini/tests/index.test.ts

@@ -869,3 +869,16 @@ test("def typing", () => {
   z.catch(z.string(), "fallback").def.type satisfies "catch";
   z.file().def.type satisfies "file";
 });
+
+test("defaulted object schema returns shallow clone", () => {
+  const schema = z._default(
+    z.object({
+      a: z.string(),
+    }),
+    { a: "x" }
+  );
+  const result1 = schema.parse(undefined);
+  const result2 = schema.parse(undefined);
+  expect(result1).not.toBe(result2);
+  expect(result1).toEqual(result2);
+});

package/v4/classic/schemas.cjs

@@ -920,7 +920,7 @@ function _default(innerType, defaultValue) {
         type: "default",
         innerType: innerType,
         get defaultValue() {
-            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : defaultValue;
+            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : index_js_1.util.shallowClone(defaultValue);
         },
     });
 }
@@ -934,7 +934,7 @@ function prefault(innerType, defaultValue) {
         type: "prefault",
         innerType: innerType,
         get defaultValue() {
-            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : defaultValue;
+            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : index_js_1.util.shallowClone(defaultValue);
         },
     });
 }

package/v4/classic/schemas.d.cts

@@ -440,12 +440,12 @@ export interface ZodUnion<T extends readonly core.SomeType[] = readonly core.$Zo
 }
 export declare const ZodUnion: core.$constructor<ZodUnion>;
 export declare function union<const T extends readonly core.SomeType[]>(options: T, params?: string | core.$ZodUnionParams): ZodUnion<T>;
-export interface ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Options extends readonly core.SomeType[] = readonly core.$ZodType[]> extends ZodUnion<Options>, core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Options> {
-    _zod: core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options>;
-    def: core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionDef<Options>;
+export interface ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Options extends readonly core.SomeType[] = readonly core.$ZodType[], Disc extends string = string> extends ZodUnion<Options>, core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Options, Disc> {
+    _zod: core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options, Disc>;
+    def: core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionDef<Options, Disc>;
 }
 export declare const ZodDiscriminatedUnion: core.$constructor<ZodDiscriminatedUnion>;
-export declare function discriminatedUnion<Types extends readonly [core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable, ...core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable[]]>(discriminator: string, options: Types, params?: string | core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionParams): ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Types>;
+export declare function discriminatedUnion<Types extends readonly [core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable, ...core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable[]], Disc extends string>(discriminator: Disc, options: Types, params?: string | core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionParams): ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Types, Disc>;
 export interface ZodIntersection<A extends core.SomeType = core.$ZodType, B extends core.SomeType = core.$ZodType> extends _ZodType<core.$ZodIntersectionInternals<A, B>>, core.$ZodIntersection<A, B> {
 }
 export declare const ZodIntersection: core.$constructor<ZodIntersection>;

package/v4/classic/schemas.d.ts

@@ -440,12 +440,12 @@ export interface ZodUnion<T extends readonly core.SomeType[] = readonly core.$Zo
 }
 export declare const ZodUnion: core.$constructor<ZodUnion>;
 export declare function union<const T extends readonly core.SomeType[]>(options: T, params?: string | core.$ZodUnionParams): ZodUnion<T>;
-export interface ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Options extends readonly core.SomeType[] = readonly core.$ZodType[]> extends ZodUnion<Options>, core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Options> {
-    _zod: core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options>;
-    def: core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionDef<Options>;
+export interface ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Options extends readonly core.SomeType[] = readonly core.$ZodType[], Disc extends string = string> extends ZodUnion<Options>, core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Options, Disc> {
+    _zod: core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options, Disc>;
+    def: core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionDef<Options, Disc>;
 }
 export declare const ZodDiscriminatedUnion: core.$constructor<ZodDiscriminatedUnion>;
-export declare function discriminatedUnion<Types extends readonly [core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable, ...core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable[]]>(discriminator: string, options: Types, params?: string | core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionParams): ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Types>;
+export declare function discriminatedUnion<Types extends readonly [core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable, ...core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable[]], Disc extends string>(discriminator: Disc, options: Types, params?: string | core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionParams): ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Types, Disc>;
 export interface ZodIntersection<A extends core.SomeType = core.$ZodType, B extends core.SomeType = core.$ZodType> extends _ZodType<core.$ZodIntersectionInternals<A, B>>, core.$ZodIntersection<A, B> {
 }
 export declare const ZodIntersection: core.$constructor<ZodIntersection>;

package/v4/classic/schemas.js

@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ export function _default(innerType, defaultValue) {
         type: "default",
         innerType: innerType,
         get defaultValue() {
-            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : defaultValue;
+            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : util.shallowClone(defaultValue);
         },
     });
 }
@@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ export function prefault(innerType, defaultValue) {
         type: "prefault",
         innerType: innerType,
         get defaultValue() {
-            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : defaultValue;
+            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : util.shallowClone(defaultValue);
         },
     });
 }

package/v4/core/api.cjs

@@ -882,7 +882,7 @@ function _default(Class, innerType, defaultValue) {
         type: "default",
         innerType,
         get defaultValue() {
-            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : defaultValue;
+            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : util.shallowClone(defaultValue);
         },
     });
 }

package/v4/core/api.d.cts

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ export interface $ZodTypeDiscriminable extends schemas.$ZodType {
     _zod: $ZodTypeDiscriminableInternals;
 }
 export type $ZodDiscriminatedUnionParams = TypeParams<schemas.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion, "options" | "discriminator">;
-export declare function _discriminatedUnion<Types extends [$ZodTypeDiscriminable, ...$ZodTypeDiscriminable[]]>(Class: util.SchemaClass<schemas.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion>, discriminator: string, options: Types, params?: string | $ZodDiscriminatedUnionParams): schemas.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Types>;
+export declare function _discriminatedUnion<Types extends [$ZodTypeDiscriminable, ...$ZodTypeDiscriminable[]], Disc extends string>(Class: util.SchemaClass<schemas.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion>, discriminator: Disc, options: Types, params?: string | $ZodDiscriminatedUnionParams): schemas.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Types, Disc>;
 export type $ZodIntersectionParams = TypeParams<schemas.$ZodIntersection, "left" | "right">;
 export declare function _intersection<T extends schemas.$ZodObject, U extends schemas.$ZodObject>(Class: util.SchemaClass<schemas.$ZodIntersection>, left: T, right: U): schemas.$ZodIntersection<T, U>;
 export type $ZodTupleParams = TypeParams<schemas.$ZodTuple, "items" | "rest">;

package/v4/core/api.d.ts

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ export interface $ZodTypeDiscriminable extends schemas.$ZodType {
     _zod: $ZodTypeDiscriminableInternals;
 }
 export type $ZodDiscriminatedUnionParams = TypeParams<schemas.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion, "options" | "discriminator">;
-export declare function _discriminatedUnion<Types extends [$ZodTypeDiscriminable, ...$ZodTypeDiscriminable[]]>(Class: util.SchemaClass<schemas.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion>, discriminator: string, options: Types, params?: string | $ZodDiscriminatedUnionParams): schemas.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Types>;
+export declare function _discriminatedUnion<Types extends [$ZodTypeDiscriminable, ...$ZodTypeDiscriminable[]], Disc extends string>(Class: util.SchemaClass<schemas.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion>, discriminator: Disc, options: Types, params?: string | $ZodDiscriminatedUnionParams): schemas.$ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Types, Disc>;
 export type $ZodIntersectionParams = TypeParams<schemas.$ZodIntersection, "left" | "right">;
 export declare function _intersection<T extends schemas.$ZodObject, U extends schemas.$ZodObject>(Class: util.SchemaClass<schemas.$ZodIntersection>, left: T, right: U): schemas.$ZodIntersection<T, U>;
 export type $ZodTupleParams = TypeParams<schemas.$ZodTuple, "items" | "rest">;

package/v4/core/api.js

@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ export function _default(Class, innerType, defaultValue) {
         type: "default",
         innerType,
         get defaultValue() {
-            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : defaultValue;
+            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : util.shallowClone(defaultValue);
         },
     });
 }

package/v4/core/checks.cjs

@@ -269,6 +269,7 @@ exports.$ZodCheckMaxSize = core.$constructor("$ZodCheckMaxSize", (inst, def) =>
             origin: util.getSizableOrigin(input),
             code: "too_big",
             maximum: def.maximum,
+            inclusive: true,
             input,
             inst,
             continue: !def.abort,
@@ -296,6 +297,7 @@ exports.$ZodCheckMinSize = core.$constructor("$ZodCheckMinSize", (inst, def) =>
             origin: util.getSizableOrigin(input),
             code: "too_small",
             minimum: def.minimum,
+            inclusive: true,
             input,
             inst,
             continue: !def.abort,

package/v4/core/checks.js

@@ -243,6 +243,7 @@ export const $ZodCheckMaxSize = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodCheckMaxSiz
             origin: util.getSizableOrigin(input),
             code: "too_big",
             maximum: def.maximum,
+            inclusive: true,
             input,
             inst,
             continue: !def.abort,
@@ -270,6 +271,7 @@ export const $ZodCheckMinSize = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodCheckMinSiz
             origin: util.getSizableOrigin(input),
             code: "too_small",
             minimum: def.minimum,
+            inclusive: true,
             input,
             inst,
             continue: !def.abort,

package/v4/core/schemas.cjs

@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ exports.$ZodObject = core.$constructor("$ZodObject", (inst, def) => {
     const _normalized = util.cached(() => {
         const keys = Object.keys(def.shape);
         for (const k of keys) {
-            if (!(def.shape[k] instanceof exports.$ZodType)) {
+            if (!def.shape[k]._zod.traits.has("$ZodType")) {
                 throw new Error(`Invalid element at key "${k}": expected a Zod schema`);
             }
         }
@@ -1632,7 +1632,8 @@ exports.$ZodTemplateLiteral = core.$constructor("$ZodTemplateLiteral", (inst, de
     exports.$ZodType.init(inst, def);
     const regexParts = [];
     for (const part of def.parts) {
-        if (part instanceof exports.$ZodType) {
+        if (typeof part === "object" && part !== null) {
+            // is Zod schema
             if (!part._zod.pattern) {
                 // if (!source)
                 throw new Error(`Invalid template literal part, no pattern found: ${[...part._zod.traits].shift()}`);

package/v4/core/schemas.d.cts

@@ -619,16 +619,16 @@ export interface $ZodUnion<T extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[]>
     _zod: $ZodUnionInternals<T>;
 }
 export declare const $ZodUnion: core.$constructor<$ZodUnion>;
-export interface $ZodDiscriminatedUnionDef<Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[]> extends $ZodUnionDef<Options> {
-    discriminator: string;
+export interface $ZodDiscriminatedUnionDef<Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[], Disc extends string = string> extends $ZodUnionDef<Options> {
+    discriminator: Disc;
     unionFallback?: boolean;
 }
-export interface $ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[]> extends $ZodUnionInternals<Options> {
-    def: $ZodDiscriminatedUnionDef<Options>;
+export interface $ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[], Disc extends string = string> extends $ZodUnionInternals<Options> {
+    def: $ZodDiscriminatedUnionDef<Options, Disc>;
     propValues: util.PropValues;
 }
-export interface $ZodDiscriminatedUnion<T extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[]> extends $ZodType {
-    _zod: $ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<T>;
+export interface $ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[], Disc extends string = string> extends $ZodType {
+    _zod: $ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options, Disc>;
 }
 export declare const $ZodDiscriminatedUnion: core.$constructor<$ZodDiscriminatedUnion>;
 export interface $ZodIntersectionDef<Left extends SomeType = $ZodType, Right extends SomeType = $ZodType> extends $ZodTypeDef {

package/v4/core/schemas.d.ts

@@ -619,16 +619,16 @@ export interface $ZodUnion<T extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[]>
     _zod: $ZodUnionInternals<T>;
 }
 export declare const $ZodUnion: core.$constructor<$ZodUnion>;
-export interface $ZodDiscriminatedUnionDef<Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[]> extends $ZodUnionDef<Options> {
-    discriminator: string;
+export interface $ZodDiscriminatedUnionDef<Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[], Disc extends string = string> extends $ZodUnionDef<Options> {
+    discriminator: Disc;
     unionFallback?: boolean;
 }
-export interface $ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[]> extends $ZodUnionInternals<Options> {
-    def: $ZodDiscriminatedUnionDef<Options>;
+export interface $ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[], Disc extends string = string> extends $ZodUnionInternals<Options> {
+    def: $ZodDiscriminatedUnionDef<Options, Disc>;
     propValues: util.PropValues;
 }
-export interface $ZodDiscriminatedUnion<T extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[]> extends $ZodType {
-    _zod: $ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<T>;
+export interface $ZodDiscriminatedUnion<Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly $ZodType[], Disc extends string = string> extends $ZodType {
+    _zod: $ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options, Disc>;
 }
 export declare const $ZodDiscriminatedUnion: core.$constructor<$ZodDiscriminatedUnion>;
 export interface $ZodIntersectionDef<Left extends SomeType = $ZodType, Right extends SomeType = $ZodType> extends $ZodTypeDef {

package/v4/core/schemas.js

@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ export const $ZodObject = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodObject", (inst, d
     const _normalized = util.cached(() => {
         const keys = Object.keys(def.shape);
         for (const k of keys) {
-            if (!(def.shape[k] instanceof $ZodType)) {
+            if (!def.shape[k]._zod.traits.has("$ZodType")) {
                 throw new Error(`Invalid element at key "${k}": expected a Zod schema`);
             }
         }
@@ -1601,7 +1601,8 @@ export const $ZodTemplateLiteral = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodTemplate
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
     const regexParts = [];
     for (const part of def.parts) {
-        if (part instanceof $ZodType) {
+        if (typeof part === "object" && part !== null) {
+            // is Zod schema
             if (!part._zod.pattern) {
                 // if (!source)
                 throw new Error(`Invalid template literal part, no pattern found: ${[...part._zod.traits].shift()}`);

package/v4/core/util.cjs

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ exports.randomString = randomString;
 exports.esc = esc;
 exports.isObject = isObject;
 exports.isPlainObject = isPlainObject;
+exports.shallowClone = shallowClone;
 exports.numKeys = numKeys;
 exports.escapeRegex = escapeRegex;
 exports.clone = clone;
@@ -217,6 +218,11 @@ function isPlainObject(o) {
     }
     return true;
 }
+function shallowClone(o) {
+    if (isPlainObject(o))
+        return { ...o };
+    return o;
+}
 function numKeys(data) {
     let keyCount = 0;
     for (const key in data) {

package/v4/core/util.d.cts

@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@ export declare const allowsEval: {
     value: boolean;
 };
 export declare function isPlainObject(o: any): o is Record<PropertyKey, unknown>;
+export declare function shallowClone(o: any): any;
 export declare function numKeys(data: any): number;
 export declare const getParsedType: (data: any) => ParsedTypes;
 export declare const propertyKeyTypes: Set<string>;

package/v4/core/util.d.ts

@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@ export declare const allowsEval: {
     value: boolean;
 };
 export declare function isPlainObject(o: any): o is Record<PropertyKey, unknown>;
+export declare function shallowClone(o: any): any;
 export declare function numKeys(data: any): number;
 export declare const getParsedType: (data: any) => ParsedTypes;
 export declare const propertyKeyTypes: Set<string>;

package/v4/core/util.js

@@ -170,6 +170,11 @@ export function isPlainObject(o) {
     }
     return true;
 }
+export function shallowClone(o) {
+    if (isPlainObject(o))
+        return { ...o };
+    return o;
+}
 export function numKeys(data) {
     let keyCount = 0;
     for (const key in data) {

package/v4/core/versions.cjs

@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ exports.version = void 0;
 exports.version = {
     major: 4,
     minor: 0,
-    patch: 15,
+    patch: 17,
 };

package/v4/core/versions.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 export const version = {
     major: 4,
     minor: 0,
-    patch: 15,
+    patch: 17,
 };

package/v4/mini/schemas.cjs

@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ function _default(innerType, defaultValue) {
         type: "default",
         innerType: innerType,
         get defaultValue() {
-            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : defaultValue;
+            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : index_js_1.util.shallowClone(defaultValue);
         },
     });
 }
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ function prefault(innerType, defaultValue) {
         type: "prefault",
         innerType: innerType,
         get defaultValue() {
-            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : defaultValue;
+            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : index_js_1.util.shallowClone(defaultValue);
         },
     });
 }

package/v4/mini/schemas.d.cts

@@ -216,11 +216,11 @@ export interface ZodMiniUnion<T extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly core.$Zod
 }
 export declare const ZodMiniUnion: core.$constructor<ZodMiniUnion>;
 export declare function union<const T extends readonly SomeType[]>(options: T, params?: string | core.$ZodUnionParams): ZodMiniUnion<T>;
-export interface ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion<Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly core.$ZodType[]> extends ZodMiniUnion<Options> {
-    _zod: core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options>;
+export interface ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion<Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly core.$ZodType[], Disc extends string = string> extends ZodMiniUnion<Options> {
+    _zod: core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options, Disc>;
 }
 export declare const ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion: core.$constructor<ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion>;
-export declare function discriminatedUnion<Types extends readonly [core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable, ...core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable[]]>(discriminator: string, options: Types, params?: string | core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionParams): ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion<Types>;
+export declare function discriminatedUnion<Types extends readonly [core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable, ...core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable[]], Disc extends string>(discriminator: Disc, options: Types, params?: string | core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionParams): ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion<Types, Disc>;
 export interface ZodMiniIntersection<A extends SomeType = core.$ZodType, B extends SomeType = core.$ZodType> extends _ZodMiniType<core.$ZodIntersectionInternals<A, B>> {
 }
 export declare const ZodMiniIntersection: core.$constructor<ZodMiniIntersection>;

package/v4/mini/schemas.d.ts

@@ -216,11 +216,11 @@ export interface ZodMiniUnion<T extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly core.$Zod
 }
 export declare const ZodMiniUnion: core.$constructor<ZodMiniUnion>;
 export declare function union<const T extends readonly SomeType[]>(options: T, params?: string | core.$ZodUnionParams): ZodMiniUnion<T>;
-export interface ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion<Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly core.$ZodType[]> extends ZodMiniUnion<Options> {
-    _zod: core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options>;
+export interface ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion<Options extends readonly SomeType[] = readonly core.$ZodType[], Disc extends string = string> extends ZodMiniUnion<Options> {
+    _zod: core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionInternals<Options, Disc>;
 }
 export declare const ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion: core.$constructor<ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion>;
-export declare function discriminatedUnion<Types extends readonly [core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable, ...core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable[]]>(discriminator: string, options: Types, params?: string | core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionParams): ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion<Types>;
+export declare function discriminatedUnion<Types extends readonly [core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable, ...core.$ZodTypeDiscriminable[]], Disc extends string>(discriminator: Disc, options: Types, params?: string | core.$ZodDiscriminatedUnionParams): ZodMiniDiscriminatedUnion<Types, Disc>;
 export interface ZodMiniIntersection<A extends SomeType = core.$ZodType, B extends SomeType = core.$ZodType> extends _ZodMiniType<core.$ZodIntersectionInternals<A, B>> {
 }
 export declare const ZodMiniIntersection: core.$constructor<ZodMiniIntersection>;

package/v4/mini/schemas.js

@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ export function _default(innerType, defaultValue) {
         type: "default",
         innerType: innerType,
         get defaultValue() {
-            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : defaultValue;
+            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : util.shallowClone(defaultValue);
         },
     });
 }
@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ export function prefault(innerType, defaultValue) {
         type: "prefault",
         innerType: innerType,
         get defaultValue() {
-            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : defaultValue;
+            return typeof defaultValue === "function" ? defaultValue() : util.shallowClone(defaultValue);
         },
     });
 }