zod-compiler 2.0.0 → 2.0.2

package/dist/core/codegen/context.d.ts

@@ -129,16 +129,6 @@ interface CodeGenContext {
   buildFailName?: string;
   /** Hosted build-function name per recursion target refId, so back-edges resolve. */
   buildRecNames?: Map<number, string>;
-  /**
-   * Set by the build path when it emitted a `.default()` substitution. Such a
-   * schema ACCEPTS an input its fast expression rejects — `fastDefault` demands a
-   * present value, since the fast path's contract is `data === input` and a
-   * substituted default is not the input — so the expression is no longer an
-   * exact acceptance predicate and must not be installed as `.is()`. Stripping,
-   * by contrast, reshapes only the payload, which is why a build-path schema
-   * otherwise still hands its predicate over.
-   */
-  buildSubstitutesValue?: boolean;
   /** Memo for estimateFastCost (size-gated fast-check extraction). Lazily created. */
   fastSizeCache?: WeakMap<SchemaIR, number>;
   /** Memo for estimateRuntimeCost (cheapest-first check ordering). Lazily created. */
@@ -265,6 +255,17 @@ interface FastGen {
    * nodes — nested objects keep their own guard.
    */
   readonly discSkipKey?: string | undefined;
+  /**
+   * Generate an ACCEPTANCE predicate rather than a by-reference one. The two
+   * differ at exactly one node: `.default()`. The by-reference form demands a
+   * present value, because its contract is `data === input` and a substituted
+   * default is not the input; the acceptance form accepts `undefined`, because
+   * the schema does. Set by generateValidator for a schema that rebuilds its
+   * output — there the expression can never stand in for the payload and is
+   * only ever read as a verdict, by `.is()` — and inherited by every child and
+   * hosted helper, so a default anywhere in the tree is treated the same way.
+   */
+  readonly acceptance?: boolean | undefined;
   /**
    * Recursively generate fast-check expression for a child IR node.
    * Returns null if any child is ineligible for fast path.

package/dist/core/codegen/context.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/core/codegen/context.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"context.js","names":[],"sources":["../../../src/core/codegen/context.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import type {\n  BigIntCheckIR,\n  CheckIR,\n  DateCheckIR,\n  LiteralValue,\n  SchemaIR,\n  SetCheckIR,\n} from \"../types.js\";\nimport type { SharedSchemaPlan } from \"./dedupe.js\";\nimport {\n  fastTestSource,\n  lookupWellKnownRegex,\n  wellKnownRegexSourceName,\n} from \"./well-known-regex.js\";\n\n/** Codegen output mode. \"inline\" emits self-contained code (CLI .compiled.ts). \"lean\" emits references to imports from \"virtual:zod-compiler/runtime\" (unplugin). */\nexport type CodegenMode = \"inline\" | \"lean\";\n\n/**\n * Kind of a poolable constant. Decides the shared identifier's prefix, so a\n * module-scope pool stays readable (`__zcSet_0`, …) rather than opaque.\n */\nexport type ConstantKind = \"Bf\" | \"Rx\" | \"Set\";\n\n/**\n * A poolable constant declaration emitted while generating one validator.\n *\n * Reported to the file pipeline, which pools initializers used by two or more\n * validators into a single module-scope declaration. Only value constants\n * qualify: they are allocated once at module init and read identically from\n * anywhere, so hoisting one out of a validator changes neither its identity nor\n * the hot path.\n *\n * Generated FAST-PATH functions are deliberately not poolable, even when two\n * validators emit byte-identical ones: sharing a function merges its call sites\n * onto a single feedback vector, which is exactly the polymorphism the fast\n * path is inlined to avoid. Cold slow walks are a different bargain and are\n * shared — by their own mechanism, `__zcSw_N` (see dedupe.ts).\n */\nexport interface GeneratedConstant {\n  readonly kind: ConstantKind;\n  readonly name: string;\n  readonly initializer: string;\n}\n\nexport interface CodeGenResult {\n  code: string;\n  functionDef: string;\n  /** Number of fallback schemas referenced by __rf[N] in the generated code. 0 = no fallbacks. */\n  refCount: number;\n  /**\n   * Helper names referenced by this schema in lean mode (e.g. \"__zcTS\", \"__zcReEmail\").\n   * Used by the unplugin transform to construct the `import { ... } from \"virtual:zod-compiler/runtime\"` line.\n   * Always empty in inline mode.\n   */\n  usedHelpers: Set<string>;\n  /**\n   * Name of the hosted fast-check boolean function in the preamble (null when\n   * the schema has no Fast Path). generateIIFE passes it to __zcMkv so parse()\n   * and parseAsync() can return valid input without allocating an\n   * intermediate SafeParseResult.\n   */\n  fastFnName: string | null;\n  /**\n   * True when `fastFnName` is a TOTAL predicate: `fc(input) === true` iff the\n   * schema accepts `input` (mutation-free schemas, where a fast-check failure\n   * can never become a slow-path success). generateIIFE installs it as the\n   * zero-allocation `.is()` guard. False for partial fast paths\n   * (default/catch — `fc` only shortcuts present-and-valid input, so a `false`\n   * result does NOT imply rejection) and for schemas with no fast path, such as\n   * coercion; `.is()` then derives from `safeParse(input).success`.\n   */\n  fastTotal: boolean;\n  /**\n   * Hosted predicate installed as `.is()`, when it differs from `fastFnName`.\n   * A schema that rebuilds its output has no by-reference shortcut (so\n   * `fastFnName` is null) yet still has an exact acceptance predicate, because\n   * stripping reshapes the payload and never the verdict.\n   */\n  isFnName?: string | null;\n  /**\n   * Compact mode only: this validator reads {@link RETAINED_SCHEMA_VAR}\n   * directly, so `generateIIFE` must bind it even when the schema has no\n   * fallback refs of its own. Absent for every non-compact (fully compiled)\n   * validator.\n   */\n  usesRetainedSchema?: boolean;\n}\n\n/** Hosted-validator names for one recursion target (see CodeGenContext.recTargets). */\nexport interface RecTargetGen {\n  /** True for the root target (refId 0) — reuses the schema's own functions. */\n  isRoot: boolean;\n  /**\n   * safeParse-shaped slow validator name: `safeParse_<name>` for the root,\n   * `__rsp_N` for a non-root target. `slowRecursiveRef` calls this.\n   */\n  slowName: string;\n  /**\n   * Boolean fast-check name (`__fcr_N`). Allocated lazily for the root (mirrors\n   * recFastName), eagerly for non-root targets. Absent until the fast path\n   * reaches a ref to this target.\n   */\n  fastName?: string;\n  /** Inner IR hosted as the standalone validator body (non-root targets only). */\n  inner?: SchemaIR;\n}\n\n/** Shared mutable state for code generation. Fast and slow paths share the same instance. */\nexport interface CodeGenContext {\n  preamble: string[];\n  counter: number;\n  fnName: string;\n  /** Deduplicates regex patterns: same pattern string → same preamble variable name. */\n  regexCache: Map<string, string>;\n  /** Codegen output mode. */\n  mode: CodegenMode;\n  /** Names of helpers from \"virtual:zod-compiler/runtime\" referenced in this schema (lean mode only). */\n  usedHelpers: Set<string>;\n  /**\n   * Name of the fast-path boolean helper for the ROOT recursion target\n   * (refId 0), allocated on first fastRecursiveRef visit. generateValidator\n   * wraps the root fast expression as `function <name>(input){return <expr>;}`\n   * so recursive refs can call it. undefined = root has no recursion on the\n   * fast path.\n   */\n  recFastName?: string;\n  /**\n   * Hosted-validator name table for recursion targets, keyed by refId. Entry 0\n   * is the root (the schema's own `safeParse_<name>` / `recFastName`); entries\n   * ≥ 1 are non-root targets hosted as standalone `__rsp_N` (slow) / `__fcr_N`\n   * (fast) helpers. `recursiveRef`/`recursionTarget` generators look up the\n   * call target here. Undefined when not generating a full validator (e.g. unit\n   * tests calling a single generator) — treated as root-only.\n   */\n  recTargets?: Map<number, RecTargetGen>;\n  /** Dedup cache for hosted zero-capture effect functions: source text → preamble var. */\n  effectFnCache?: Map<string, string>;\n  /** Dedup cache for constant preamble declarations: initializer text → preamble var. */\n  valueCache?: Map<string, string>;\n  /** Reports poolable constants so the file pipeline can share exact duplicates across validators. */\n  onConstant?: ((constant: GeneratedConstant) => void) | undefined;\n  /** Exact initializer → file-level name, populated by the pipeline's second codegen pass. */\n  sharedConstantNames?: ReadonlyMap<string, string> | undefined;\n  /** Name of the build path's FAIL sentinel, declared once per validator. */\n  buildFailName?: string;\n  /** Hosted build-function name per recursion target refId, so back-edges resolve. */\n  buildRecNames?: Map<number, string>;\n  /**\n   * Set by the build path when it emitted a `.default()` substitution. Such a\n   * schema ACCEPTS an input its fast expression rejects — `fastDefault` demands a\n   * present value, since the fast path's contract is `data === input` and a\n   * substituted default is not the input — so the expression is no longer an\n   * exact acceptance predicate and must not be installed as `.is()`. Stripping,\n   * by contrast, reshapes only the payload, which is why a build-path schema\n   * otherwise still hands its predicate over.\n   */\n  buildSubstitutesValue?: boolean;\n  /** Memo for estimateFastCost (size-gated fast-check extraction). Lazily created. */\n  fastSizeCache?: WeakMap<SchemaIR, number>;\n  /** Memo for estimateRuntimeCost (cheapest-first check ordering). Lazily created. */\n  fastRuntimeCostCache?: WeakMap<SchemaIR, number>;\n  /**\n   * File-level shared slow-walk plan. Set only when generating a mutation-free\n   * schema (so shared walks stay on the deferred cold path); the slow-path\n   * visit() consults it to replace a repeated sub-IR with a `__zcSw_N` call.\n   */\n  sharedSchemas?: SharedSchemaPlan;\n}\n\n// ─── Slow Path context ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\n/** Context object for slow-path (error-collecting) generator functions. */\nexport interface SlowGen {\n  readonly input: string;\n  readonly output: string;\n  readonly path: string;\n  readonly issues: string;\n  readonly ctx: CodeGenContext;\n  /**\n   * Schema-level static error message of the node being generated\n   * (z.string({ error: \"...\" })). Default message for issues this node emits\n   * when the individual check has no message of its own. Set by generateSlow()\n   * from ir.typeMessage; never inherited by child nodes.\n   */\n  readonly typeMsg?: string | undefined;\n\n  /**\n   * Name of a boolean variable that this node sets to `true` when it aborts in\n   * the zod sense (`payload.aborted`) — currently only a pipe/codec whose `in`\n   * step fails (zod's `handlePipeResult` sets `left.aborted = true`). A `union`\n   * allocates one per option and reads it during pruning so a pipe option whose\n   * `in` failed counts as aborted even when its only issue is a non-aborting\n   * `custom`/check-level code. Undefined when the node is not inside an\n   * abort-tracking option, in which case the abort is a no-op.\n   *\n   * Unlike input/output/path/issues, this is NOT inherited by `visit()`: it is\n   * cleared at every boundary unless a node explicitly forwards it (the\n   * pass-through wrappers optional/nullable/readonly do), mirroring how zod\n   * propagates `payload.aborted` through transparent wrappers but not across\n   * container boundaries.\n   */\n  readonly aborted?: string | undefined;\n\n  /**\n   * Recursively generate validation for a child IR node.\n   * input/output/path/issues are inherited from parent unless overridden;\n   * `aborted` is the exception — it is only set when explicitly passed (see the\n   * `aborted` field doc), so it never leaks into container children.\n   * Union generators use `{ issues }` to redirect child errors to temporary arrays.\n   * Container generators use `{ input, output, path }` for element traversal.\n   */\n  visit(\n    ir: SchemaIR,\n    overrides?: {\n      input?: string;\n      output?: string;\n      path?: string;\n      issues?: string;\n      // `| undefined` (unlike the others): pass-through wrappers forward\n      // `g.aborted` verbatim, which is undefined outside an abort-tracking option.\n      aborted?: string | undefined;\n    },\n  ): string;\n\n  /** Generate a unique temp variable name: `__${prefix}_${counter++}` */\n  temp(prefix: string): string;\n\n  /** Add a regex to preamble and return the variable name. */\n  regex(prefix: string, pattern: string, flags?: string): string;\n\n  /** Add a Set to preamble and return the variable name. */\n  set(prefix: string, values: readonly unknown[]): string;\n}\n\n/** Slow-path generator function signature — registered in slowRegistry. */\nexport type SlowGenerator<T extends SchemaIR = SchemaIR> = (ir: T, g: SlowGen) => string;\n\n// ─── Fast Path context ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\n/**\n * Per-emitted-function size accumulator for size-gated fast-check extraction.\n * Shared by every node inlined into the same function; a fresh instance starts\n * each hosted helper (and the root). See fast-size.ts / generateFast.\n */\nexport interface FastScope {\n  used: number;\n  /**\n   * `var` temps that the function this scope is assembling must declare, in\n   * allocation order. Populated by {@link FastGen.local}; every site that\n   * materializes a function body from a fresh scope emits\n   * {@link declareFastTemps} at the top of that body.\n   *\n   * Function-scoped (never module-scoped) is load-bearing: a recursive\n   * validator re-enters itself while an outer frame still holds a live temp,\n   * and each invocation needs its own binding.\n   */\n  temps: string[];\n}\n\n/** `var a,b;` declaration for a scope's temps, or \"\" when it allocated none. */\nexport function declareFastTemps(scope: FastScope): string {\n  return scope.temps.length > 0 ? `var ${scope.temps.join(\",\")};` : \"\";\n}\n\n/**\n * Fast check for a wrapper that compares its input against a sentinel and\n * otherwise delegates to an inner schema — `optional` (`===undefined`),\n * `nullable` (`===null`) and `default` (`!==undefined`).\n *\n * Written naively these read the input TWICE: once for the sentinel test and\n * again inside the inner check (which may itself read it several more times —\n * `typeof x===\"string\"&&x.length>=3&&x.length<=20`). V8's load elimination\n * removes the repeats only while the access is monomorphic; on the polymorphic\n * and megamorphic call sites real payloads produce (an array of objects with\n * differing key order, anything out of `JSON.parse`) every repeat is a fresh\n * megamorphic lookup. Binding the value to a local once is worth 1.1-1.7x on\n * the whole object check when the optional key is present, and is neutral when\n * it is absent.\n *\n * Only hoisted when the input is a property access; a bare local (an array\n * element variable, a record value) is already a single load, so it keeps the\n * shorter form and byte-identical output.\n */\nexport function fastSentinelWrapper(\n  g: FastGen,\n  innerIR: SchemaIR,\n  sentinel: string,\n  joiner: \"&&\" | \"||\",\n): string | null {\n  if (!isPropertyAccess(g.input)) {\n    const inner = g.visit(innerIR);\n    return inner === null ? null : `(${g.input}${sentinel}${joiner}(${inner}))`;\n  }\n  const value = g.local(\"w\");\n  const inner = g.visit(innerIR, { input: value });\n  if (inner === null) return null;\n  return `((${value}=${g.input})${sentinel}${joiner}(${inner}))`;\n}\n\n/** True for an expression that performs a property load (`x[\"a\"]`, `x.a`, `x[0][1]`). */\nfunction isPropertyAccess(expr: string): boolean {\n  return expr.includes(\"[\") || expr.includes(\".\");\n}\n\n/** Context object for fast-path (boolean expression) generator functions. */\nexport interface FastGen {\n  readonly input: string;\n  readonly ctx: CodeGenContext;\n\n  /**\n   * Whether the CURRENT node may be hoisted into its own boolean helper when it\n   * (with the already-emitted siblings) would overflow the function size cap.\n   * False for the root and for a helper's own top node — those are already their\n   * own function — but their children are extractable. See generateFast.\n   */\n  readonly extractable: boolean;\n\n  /** Accumulated size (≈ chars) of the function currently being assembled. */\n  readonly scope: FastScope;\n\n  /**\n   * Set on the gen for a discriminated-union option only: the discriminator\n   * key. Signals `fastObject` to omit its type-guard and skip re-checking that\n   * property (the switch already matched its value). Never propagated to child\n   * nodes — nested objects keep their own guard.\n   */\n  readonly discSkipKey?: string | undefined;\n\n  /**\n   * Recursively generate fast-check expression for a child IR node.\n   * Returns null if any child is ineligible for fast path.\n   */\n  visit(ir: SchemaIR, overrides?: { input?: string; discSkipKey?: string }): string | null;\n\n  /**\n   * A FastGen for emitting a SEPARATE function body (a hand-built preamble\n   * helper such as a discriminated-union switch or an array-element loop). It\n   * carries a FRESH size accumulator, so the helper's own content is size-gated\n   * against the cap independently of the caller — without this, a helper's body\n   * accrues to the caller's scope while the helper itself grows unbounded.\n   */\n  scoped(input: string): FastGen;\n\n  /** Generate a unique temp variable name. */\n  temp(prefix: string): string;\n\n  /**\n   * Allocate a unique name AND record it on this scope so the enclosing\n   * emitted function declares it as a `var` (see {@link FastScope.temps}).\n   * Use for a value bound inside an expression — `(t=x[\"k\"])===undefined` —\n   * where `temp()` alone would leave the name undeclared.\n   */\n  local(prefix: string): string;\n\n  /** Add a regex to preamble and return the variable name. */\n  regex(prefix: string, pattern: string, flags?: string): string;\n}\n\n/** Fast-path generator function signature — registered in fastRegistry. */\nexport type FastGenerator<T extends SchemaIR = SchemaIR> = (ir: T, g: FastGen) => string | null;\n\n// ─── Shared emit helpers (used by both slow-path and fast-path factories) ────\n\n/** Allocate a fresh `__${prefix}_${n}` identifier and bump the shared counter. */\nexport function emitTemp(ctx: CodeGenContext, prefix: string): string {\n  return `__${prefix}_${ctx.counter++}`;\n}\n\n/**\n * Host a zero-capture effect function (refine predicate, transform,\n * overwrite) in the preamble and return its variable name. The inline\n * `(${source})(x)` form evaluates the function expression — allocating a\n * function object — on EVERY parse at every effect site, including inside\n * the \"zero-allocation\" fast chain. V8's escape analysis erases that in\n * optimized frames, but interpreter/baseline/deopt frames pay it, and the\n * full source text re-parses as bytecode at each site. Zero-capture sources\n * reference only their own parameters and safe globals by construction, so\n * a single preamble binding is semantically identical. Deduped per schema\n * by source text.\n */\nexport function emitEffectFn(ctx: CodeGenContext, source: string): string {\n  ctx.effectFnCache ??= new Map();\n  const cached = ctx.effectFnCache.get(source);\n  if (cached !== undefined) return cached;\n  const name = `__ef_${ctx.counter++}`;\n  ctx.preamble.push(`var ${name}=(${source});`);\n  ctx.effectFnCache.set(source, name);\n  return name;\n}\n\n/**\n * Callable expression for a user callback — a refine predicate or a transform.\n *\n * A zero-capture callback is hosted from its source text; one that CAPTURES\n * outer variables is called by reference through `__rf[N]` — the user's own\n * function object, reached from the schema — instead of costing the schema its\n * compiled path. The reference is aliased into a preamble binding rather than\n * re-read per call, for the same reason call-invoked helpers are (a per-call\n * array element load is not a foldable callee).\n */\nexport function emitEffectCallable(\n  ctx: CodeGenContext,\n  effect: { refIndex?: number | undefined; source?: string | undefined },\n): string {\n  if (effect.refIndex !== undefined) return emitConstant(ctx, \"rfn\", `__rf[${effect.refIndex}]`);\n  if (effect.source === undefined) {\n    throw new Error(\"effect has neither inlineable source nor a reference index\");\n  }\n  return emitEffectFn(ctx, effect.source);\n}\n\n/**\n * Pristine fallback delegate: declare `var __rfp_N=__rf[N].safeParse.bind(__rf[N]);`\n * in the preamble and return the variable name. Generated code must NEVER read\n * `__rf[N].safeParse` at parse time: `__zcMkv` installs the compiled safeParse as\n * an OWN property on the original schema object, and whenever `__rf[N]` is that\n * same object the read resolves to the compiled delegate itself — infinite\n * recursion (RangeError on every parse). The fallback entry and the __zcMkv\n * target ARE the same object in compile mode (schemaExpr is the compile()\n * argument identifier) and the CLI emitter ((__src_X as any).schema); in\n * autoDiscover mode they are two textually identical constructions that any\n * downstream CSE/dedup transform (babel-plugin-zod-hoist in a field incident)\n * collapses back into one. Capturing at IIFE evaluation — before the trailing\n * `return __zcMkv(...)` mutates anything — pins zod's own implementation; the\n * worst case under cross-validator merges is delegating to an equivalent\n * compiled validator (whose own delegates were captured even earlier), never\n * a cycle.\n */\nexport function emitRfDelegate(ctx: CodeGenContext, refIndex: number): string {\n  const name = `__rfp_${refIndex}`;\n  const decl = `var ${name}=__rf[${refIndex}].safeParse.bind(__rf[${refIndex}]);`;\n  if (!ctx.preamble.includes(decl)) {\n    ctx.preamble.push(decl);\n  }\n  return name;\n}\n\n/**\n * Identifier `generateIIFE` binds the retained Zod schema to, once per export.\n *\n * Compact delegation reaches the schema through this binding rather than\n * through `__rf[]`. Routing it through the array meant every compact validator\n * — the common case being one with no fallback refs at all — declared a\n * one-element `var __rf=[__zs];` whose only reads were `__rf[0]`, i.e. an array\n * allocation per compiled schema at module init to alias a binding that was\n * already in scope. Naming the schema directly also keeps the reference a\n * foldable constant instead of an element load (the same reason\n * {@link emitEffectCallable} aliases its `__rf[N]` into a preamble binding).\n */\nexport const RETAINED_SCHEMA_VAR = \"__zs\";\n\n/**\n * Capture the retained schema's pristine `safeParse` without allocating a bound\n * function. Declared in the preamble, which `generateIIFE` places after the\n * `__zs` binding and before the trailing `__zcMkv` call — so the capture is\n * zod's own implementation, never the compiled delegate that call installs\n * (see {@link emitRfDelegate} for the recursion this avoids).\n */\nexport function emitRetainedMethod(ctx: CodeGenContext): string {\n  const name = \"__rfm_z\";\n  const decl = `var ${name}=${RETAINED_SCHEMA_VAR}.safeParse;`;\n  if (!ctx.preamble.includes(decl)) {\n    ctx.preamble.push(decl);\n  }\n  return name;\n}\n\n/**\n * Is a RegExp built with these flags safe to share between validators?\n *\n * `g` and `y` make the object STATEFUL: `.test()` advances `lastIndex` and the\n * next call resumes from there. Generated code is already correct about this —\n * every flagged site emits a `lastIndex=0` reset first (see `lastIndexReset` in\n * schemas/string.ts, the only generator that passes flags through) — so pooling\n * them would in fact work today.\n *\n * They are held back anyway, because the pool changes what a future lapse\n * costs. A missing reset on a validator-local regex misbehaves inside one\n * export, deterministically. On a pooled one it misbehaves across exports, and\n * only in the order the module happens to evaluate them. Flagged patterns are\n * rare enough that the sharing is not worth buying that failure mode. Every\n * other flag (`i`, `m`, `s`, `u`, `v`, `d`) is pure configuration and pools like\n * any other constant.\n */\nfunction isPoolableRegex(flags: string | undefined): boolean {\n  return flags === undefined || !/[gy]/.test(flags);\n}\n\n/**\n * Resolve a regex pattern to a runtime variable name.\n *\n * Three layers, widest first. Lean mode short-circuits well-known patterns to\n * virtual-module names, deduping them across the whole bundle. What is left is\n * pooled at FILE level when two or more validators build the identical RegExp —\n * the same bargain Sets get, and a larger one in practice: a repeated enum is\n * one `new Set([...])`, while a repeated `z.iso.datetime()` or shared\n * `.regex()` is a several-hundred-byte pattern plus a RegExp construction per\n * validator at module init. Anything still unique is cached and declared in the\n * per-IIFE preamble exactly once per pattern.\n */\nexport function emitRegex(\n  ctx: CodeGenContext,\n  prefix: string,\n  pattern: string,\n  flags?: string,\n): string {\n  if (ctx.mode === \"lean\" && !flags) {\n    const wellKnown = lookupWellKnownRegex(pattern);\n    if (wellKnown !== null) {\n      ctx.usedHelpers.add(wellKnown);\n      return wellKnown;\n    }\n  }\n  const cacheKey = flags ? `${flags}\\u0000${pattern}` : pattern;\n  const cached = ctx.regexCache.get(cacheKey);\n  if (cached) return cached;\n  const flagsArg = flags ? `,${escapeString(flags)}` : \"\";\n  // Flag-less patterns may carry a faster behavior-equivalent rewrite (a\n  // well-known table entry, repeat unrolling, or both); the regex OBJECT uses\n  // it while issue sites keep reporting the original pattern (see slowString).\n  const testSource = flags ? null : fastTestSource(pattern);\n  const initializer = `new RegExp(${escapeString(testSource ?? pattern)}${flagsArg})`;\n  const localPrefix = `re_${prefix}`;\n  const name = isPoolableRegex(flags)\n    ? emitPooledConstant(ctx, \"Rx\", localPrefix, initializer)\n    : emitConstant(ctx, localPrefix, initializer);\n  ctx.regexCache.set(cacheKey, name);\n  return name;\n}\n\n/**\n * Resolve the ORIGINAL `/source/flags` pattern string of a regex for issue\n * reporting. Only needed when emitRegex swapped in a faster equivalent test\n * pattern (the runtime regex's toString() would leak the rewrite). Lean mode\n * references the shared `<name>Src` virtual export so the original pattern\n * stays a single bundle-wide string; inline mode declares it once per IIFE.\n */\nexport function emitRegexSourceString(ctx: CodeGenContext, pattern: string): string {\n  if (ctx.mode === \"lean\") {\n    const srcName = wellKnownRegexSourceName(pattern);\n    if (srcName !== null) {\n      ctx.usedHelpers.add(srcName);\n      return srcName;\n    }\n  }\n  const cacheKey = `src\\u0000${pattern}`;\n  const cached = ctx.regexCache.get(cacheKey);\n  if (cached) return cached;\n  const name = `__res_${ctx.counter++}`;\n  ctx.preamble.push(`var ${name}=${escapeString(`/${pattern}/`)};`);\n  ctx.regexCache.set(cacheKey, name);\n  return name;\n}\n\n/**\n * Declare a constant value in the preamble and return its variable name,\n * reusing an earlier declaration of the SAME initializer.\n *\n * Value tables are reached from both halves of a validator — an enum's `Set`\n * from its fast check and again from its slow walk, a strict shape's key table\n * likewise — and repeat across sibling properties that share a value list. One\n * declaration per USE emitted the payload two or four times: measured 17% of a\n * 20-value enum schema's generated bytes, 16% for an object with two identical\n * enums. Keyed by initializer text, so only identical payloads collapse.\n */\nexport function emitConstant(ctx: CodeGenContext, prefix: string, initializer: string): string {\n  ctx.valueCache ??= new Map();\n  const cached = ctx.valueCache.get(initializer);\n  if (cached !== undefined) return cached;\n  const name = `__${prefix}_${ctx.counter++}`;\n  ctx.preamble.push(`var ${name}=${initializer};`);\n  ctx.valueCache.set(initializer, name);\n  return name;\n}\n\n/**\n * Declare a poolable constant in the preamble and return its variable name —\n * unless the file pipeline has already decided to hoist this exact initializer\n * to module scope, in which case the shared name is returned and nothing is\n * declared locally.\n *\n * The pipeline learns which initializers repeat by running codegen once and\n * collecting what was reported here, so every poolable constant must route\n * through this function rather than calling {@link emitConstant} directly.\n */\nexport function emitPooledConstant(\n  ctx: CodeGenContext,\n  kind: ConstantKind,\n  localPrefix: string,\n  initializer: string,\n): string {\n  const sharedName = ctx.sharedConstantNames?.get(initializer);\n  if (sharedName !== undefined) return sharedName;\n  const name = emitConstant(ctx, localPrefix, initializer);\n  ctx.onConstant?.({ kind, name, initializer });\n  return name;\n}\n\n/** Declare a `new Set([...])` in the preamble and return its variable name. */\nexport function emitSet(ctx: CodeGenContext, prefix: string, values: readonly unknown[]): string {\n  const initializer = `new Set(${JSON.stringify([...values])})`;\n  return emitPooledConstant(ctx, \"Set\", `set_${prefix}`, initializer);\n}\n\n/**\n * Shape-key count at or below which the unknown-key pass compares with an\n * inline `===` chain rather than a hashed lookup.\n *\n * This is deliberately NOT {@link ENUM_INLINE_THRESHOLD}: the two look alike but\n * are different workloads. An enum compares schema literals against arbitrary\n * INPUT strings, which may be long, share prefixes, and are not necessarily\n * internalized — so a hashed set earns its keep quickly. A shape-key test\n * compares them against keys arriving from `for-in`, i.e. the object's own\n * internalized key strings, so every arm of the chain is a pointer compare that\n * V8 predicts perfectly, while `table[k]` / `set.has(k)` pays a string hash and\n * probe per key.\n *\n * Measured over a strict object's for-in pass (JSON-parsed input, 8 rotated\n * shapes), `===` chain vs the previous `{k:1}` table: 3.7x at 6 keys, 3.8x at\n * 10, 3.1x at 20, 3.1x at 48 — the chain still leads at 64 (283 ns vs 690) and\n * only loses past ~96, where `Set.has` (not the table, which never wins at any\n * size) takes over. 64 sits below that crossover and above any realistic shape.\n */\nexport const KEY_MEMBERSHIP_INLINE_THRESHOLD = 64;\n\n/**\n * Boolean membership test for one key variable against a fixed key list.\n * Empty list recognizes nothing.\n *\n * `Set.has` is the large-shape fallback rather than a `{key:1}` object table:\n * the table is also `__proto__`-hostile (an own `__proto__` key cannot be set\n * by an object literal, so that key would silently read as unknown), which the\n * Set has no trouble with.\n */\nexport function keyMembershipTest(\n  ctx: CodeGenContext,\n  keys: readonly string[],\n  keyVar: string,\n): string {\n  if (keys.length === 0) return \"false\";\n  if (keys.length <= KEY_MEMBERSHIP_INLINE_THRESHOLD) {\n    return keys.map((k) => `${keyVar}===${escapeString(k)}`).join(\"||\");\n  }\n  return `${emitSet(ctx, \"ks\", keys)}.has(${keyVar})`;\n}\n\n/**\n * Enum values at or below this count use inline === checks instead of Set.has().\n * Measured on V8: for ≤5 values, an === chain beats Set.has by up to ~3x with\n * realistic (distinct-prefix, JSON-parsed) values — V8 internalizes strings on\n * successful comparison, making subsequent arms pointer-equality — and is no\n * worse than Set.has even with adversarial shared-prefix values.\n */\nexport const ENUM_INLINE_THRESHOLD = 5;\n\nconst CHECK_PRIORITY: Record<string, number> = {\n  // Cheapest: length/size comparisons (O(1))\n  min_length: 10,\n  max_length: 11,\n  length_equals: 12,\n  min_size: 13,\n  max_size: 14,\n  // Number format checks (comparison + bitwise)\n  number_format: 15,\n  // Range comparisons\n  greater_than: 20,\n  less_than: 21,\n  bigint_greater_than: 20,\n  bigint_less_than: 21,\n  date_greater_than: 22,\n  date_less_than: 23,\n  // Modulo\n  multiple_of: 30,\n  bigint_multiple_of: 30,\n  // String prefix/suffix (O(prefix/suffix length))\n  starts_with: 40,\n  ends_with: 41,\n  // String search (O(n·m) worst case)\n  includes: 42,\n  // Regex (most expensive)\n  string_format: 50,\n};\n\nexport function escapeString(s: string | number): string {\n  return JSON.stringify(s);\n}\n\n/** The {@link LiteralValue}s that {@link literalToJs} can spell. */\nexport type SourceFormLiteral = string | number | boolean | null | bigint | undefined;\n\n/**\n * Can {@link literalToJs} render this value as JS source that strict-equals it?\n *\n * Total by construction — it NAMES the value kinds that have a source form\n * rather than excluding the ones that don't, so every reference value falls out\n * on the false side. That matters because `literalToJs` used to end in a bare\n * `JSON.stringify`, which does not fail loudly on the values it cannot spell:\n * for a symbol it RETURNS `undefined` (the value, not a string), so\n * `z.literal(sym)` compiled to the comparison `x===undefined` — rejecting the\n * symbol it was built from and accepting `undefined`. An object is mis-rendered\n * the other way: `{}` stringifies to `\"{}\"`, and `x==={}` is never true, so the\n * very object the schema was built from was rejected. Both take the runtime\n * membership path instead (see the literal generator).\n */\nexport function hasSourceForm(v: LiteralValue): v is SourceFormLiteral {\n  if (v === null) return true;\n  const t = typeof v;\n  return t === \"string\" || t === \"number\" || t === \"boolean\" || t === \"bigint\" || t === \"undefined\";\n}\n\n/**\n * JS source for a primitive literal value (literal schemas, discriminator\n * case labels). JSON.stringify covers string/number/boolean/null; bigint\n * needs the `n` suffix (JSON.stringify throws and String(5n) renders a\n * number literal that never strict-equals a bigint); undefined isn't JSON.\n *\n * The parameter type is deliberately NARROWER than {@link LiteralValue}: every\n * caller must first prove its value is spellable with {@link hasSourceForm}.\n */\nexport function literalToJs(v: SourceFormLiteral): string {\n  if (typeof v === \"bigint\") return `${v}n`;\n  if (v === undefined) return \"undefined\";\n  // JSON.stringify maps NaN/±Infinity to \"null\"; emit them as JS expressions so a\n  // non-finite numeric literal round-trips (z.literal(Infinity) must compare\n  // against Infinity, not null). String(NaN)=\"NaN\", String(Infinity)=\"Infinity\",\n  // String(-Infinity)=\"-Infinity\" — all valid JS that evaluate to the value.\n  if (typeof v === \"number\" && !Number.isFinite(v)) return String(v);\n  return JSON.stringify(v);\n}\n\n/**\n * Helpers that generated code invokes through `Function.prototype.call`, and\n * which therefore must be aliased into a module-local binding in lean mode.\n *\n * V8 folds a local `const` callee into a constant and inlines straight through\n * `x.call(...)`; an IMPORTED binding is a cell it will not fold, so the same\n * expression stays a generic property load plus a generic call — measured 4.5x\n * (5 keys) to 6.5x (20 keys) slower on the record fast path, 35.9 ns vs 7.2 ns\n * for a 5-key record. Aliasing the import into the IIFE recovers all of it\n * (7.4 ns). A DIRECT call to an imported function (`__zcFsr(v,s)`) is not\n * penalized — measured identical — and neither is an imported RegExp receiver,\n * so only the `.call` sites are listed here.\n */\nconst CALL_INVOKED_HELPERS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set([\"__zcHop\"]);\n\n/**\n * Reference a shared runtime helper (e.g. __zcFsr) from generated code.\n * Lean mode: registers it for the `virtual:zod-compiler/runtime` import.\n * Inline mode: declares it once in the per-IIFE preamble.\n */\nexport function emitRuntimeHelper(ctx: CodeGenContext, name: string, decl: string): string {\n  if (ctx.mode === \"lean\") {\n    ctx.usedHelpers.add(name);\n    if (CALL_INVOKED_HELPERS.has(name)) return emitConstant(ctx, \"lh\", name);\n  } else if (!ctx.preamble.includes(decl)) {\n    ctx.preamble.push(decl);\n  }\n  return name;\n}\n\n/**\n * Extend a path expression with one or more scalar segment expressions\n * (escaped string literals, numeric literals, or loop-variable names).\n *\n * Path expressions are only ever composed by these helpers starting from the\n * `[]` root, so any path that looks like an array literal IS one — the new\n * segment is spliced in to keep issue paths a single array allocation\n * (`[\"data\",\"items\",__i_7]`) instead of an allocation per nesting level\n * (`[\"data\"].concat(\"items\").concat(__i_7)`). Opaque expressions fall back\n * to .concat().\n */\nexport function extendPath(parentPath: string, segExpr: string): string {\n  if (parentPath === \"[]\") return `[${segExpr}]`;\n  if (parentPath.startsWith(\"[\") && parentPath.endsWith(\"]\")) {\n    return `${parentPath.slice(0, -1)},${segExpr}]`;\n  }\n  return `${parentPath}.concat(${segExpr})`;\n}\n\n/** Extend a path expression with a static string key. */\nexport function extendStaticPath(parentPath: string, key: string): string {\n  return extendPath(parentPath, escapeString(key));\n}\n\n/** Extend a path expression with a numeric index. */\nexport function extendStaticPathIndex(parentPath: string, index: number): string {\n  return extendPath(parentPath, String(index));\n}\n\n/**\n * A superRefine callback receives zod's payload, whose `value` is public,\n * typed, writable API ($RefinementCtx extends ParsePayload) — so any node\n * carrying one MAY rewrite its value and must be treated as mutating. Which\n * callbacks actually do is undecidable here; the emitted fast check settles it\n * at runtime by refusing when the value changed (see ZC_SR_OK_DECL), so a\n * non-mutating callback still exits through the fast path.\n */\nfunction hasSuperRefine(checks: readonly { kind: string }[] | undefined): boolean {\n  return checks !== undefined && checks.some((c) => c.kind === \"super_refine_effect\");\n}\n\n/**\n * Check if a SchemaIR tree produces output that is not the input itself —\n * either value-mutating operations (coerce, default, catch, overwrite) that\n * write back to the input expression, or a strip object that rebuilds a fresh\n * object from its known keys. Used by container generators to decide whether to\n * clone (so the rebuilt/mutated value never writes through to the caller's\n * input), by generateValidator to keep such schemas off the by-reference fast\n * path, and by the shared-walk dedup + intersection extractor to exclude them.\n */\n/**\n * Can this tuple's output differ from a SHORT input it accepts?\n *\n * $ZodTuple runs every item even when the input is shorter, and\n * `handleTupleResults` writes each result back (`final.value[i] = r.value`)\n * unless the slot is at or past `optoutStart` and on the \"optional\" rung of\n * `optin` — that one ends the output where the input ended. Every other absent\n * slot lands in the output: below `optoutStart` as whatever the item made of\n * `undefined` (an own `undefined` for `z.string().optional()`, \"c\" for\n * `.catch(\"c\")`), at or past it as a substituted value (a \"defaulted\" item).\n * `z.tuple([z.string(), z.number().default(1)])` therefore answers `[\"x\"]` with\n * `[\"x\", 1]`, length 2, and `z.tuple([z.any()]).rest(z.number())` answers `[]`\n * with `[undefined]`. So the tuple is a mutating node — its output is not its\n * input — exactly when some slot that CAN be absent is not a truncating one.\n * Without a rest element only slots from `optStart` on can be absent (a shorter\n * input is `too_small`); with one, any slot can.\n */\nexport function tupleRewritesShortInput(ir: SchemaIR & { type: \"tuple\" }): boolean {\n  const len = ir.items.length;\n  const optoutStart = ir.optoutStart ?? len;\n  const optionalIn = ir.optionalIn ?? [];\n  for (let i = ir.rest === null ? ir.optStart : 0; i < len; i++) {\n    if (i < optoutStart || !optionalIn.includes(i)) return true;\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\n/**\n * Does this node hand back a container that could still carry an own\n * `__proto__` zod would have stripped?\n *\n * True for the shapes whose output IS their input: a LOOSE or CATCHALL object\n * (a stripping one rebuilds from the declared keys, and `parsedProperties`\n * already drops the key) and any record. See {@link ZC_PROTO_SCRUB_DECL} for\n * what zod does and why the difference matters.\n */\nexport function needsProtoScrub(ir: SchemaIR): boolean {\n  // Every record: the walk skips `__proto__` but the container is handed back.\n  if (ir.type === \"record\") return true;\n  if (ir.type !== \"object\") return false;\n  // A STRIPPING object rebuilds from the declared keys and `parsedProperties`\n  // drops `__proto__`, so its output can never carry one.\n  if (ir.stripUnknownKeys === true) return false;\n  // A STRICT object reports an undeclared `__proto__` as an unrecognized key\n  // and fails, so the only way one reaches its output is by being DECLARED —\n  // which zod's shape loop strips while still counting the name as recognized.\n  if (ir.strict === true) return Object.hasOwn(ir.properties, \"__proto__\");\n  // Loose or catchall: an undeclared `__proto__` rides through untouched.\n  return true;\n}\n\nexport function hasMutation(ir: SchemaIR): boolean {\n  switch (ir.type) {\n    case \"string\":\n      // url checks trim (and optionally normalize) the value; overwrite\n      // effects (.trim(), .toLowerCase()) rewrite it.\n      return (\n        ir.coerce === true ||\n        hasSuperRefine(ir.checks) ||\n        ir.checks.some(\n          (c) =>\n            c.kind === \"overwrite_effect\" || (c.kind === \"string_format\" && c.format === \"url\"),\n        )\n      );\n    case \"number\":\n      return ir.coerce === true || hasSuperRefine(ir.checks);\n    case \"boolean\":\n    case \"bigint\":\n    case \"date\":\n      return ir.coerce === true;\n    case \"default\":\n    case \"catch\":\n    case \"effect\":\n    case \"fallback\":\n    case \"stringBool\":\n      return true;\n    case \"object\":\n      // A strip object produces a FRESH output (only the declared keys), so it\n      // mutates: parents must clone before it writes back, it never takes the\n      // by-reference fast path, and intersections of strip objects delegate to\n      // zod (see extractIntersection's hasMutation guard) — matching zod's\n      // parse-both-sides-then-merge semantics instead of over-stripping.\n      return (\n        ir.stripUnknownKeys === true ||\n        hasSuperRefine(ir.checks) ||\n        (ir.catchall !== undefined && hasMutation(ir.catchall)) ||\n        Object.values(ir.properties).some((p) => hasMutation(p))\n      );\n    case \"array\":\n      return hasSuperRefine(ir.checks) || hasMutation(ir.element);\n    case \"tuple\":\n      return (\n        ir.items.some(hasMutation) ||\n        (ir.rest !== null && hasMutation(ir.rest)) ||\n        tupleRewritesShortInput(ir)\n      );\n    case \"record\":\n      return hasMutation(ir.valueType);\n    // A freezing readonly produces a value that is not its input, exactly as a\n    // strip object does — so it must never take a by-reference shortcut.\n    case \"readonly\":\n      return ir.freeze === true || hasMutation(ir.inner);\n    case \"optional\":\n    case \"nullable\":\n    case \"recursionTarget\":\n    case \"zodDelegate\":\n      return hasMutation(ir.inner);\n    case \"union\":\n    case \"discriminatedUnion\":\n      return ir.options.some(hasMutation);\n    case \"intersection\":\n      return hasMutation(ir.left) || hasMutation(ir.right);\n    case \"pipe\":\n      return hasMutation(ir.in) || hasMutation(ir.out);\n    case \"set\":\n      return hasMutation(ir.valueType);\n    case \"map\":\n      return hasMutation(ir.keyType) || hasMutation(ir.valueType);\n    case \"file\":\n      return false;\n    default:\n      return false;\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Is a defaulted property's key guaranteed to appear in the stripped output?\n *\n * Distinct from {@link rejectsUndefined}, which asks whether `undefined` is\n * REJECTED — a `.default()` accepts it and yet still produces a defined value, so\n * only this question earns the key a slot in the output object literal. 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Cold slow walks are a different bargain and are\n * shared — by their own mechanism, `__zcSw_N` (see dedupe.ts).\n */\nexport interface GeneratedConstant {\n  readonly kind: ConstantKind;\n  readonly name: string;\n  readonly initializer: string;\n}\n\nexport interface CodeGenResult {\n  code: string;\n  functionDef: string;\n  /** Number of fallback schemas referenced by __rf[N] in the generated code. 0 = no fallbacks. */\n  refCount: number;\n  /**\n   * Helper names referenced by this schema in lean mode (e.g. \"__zcTS\", \"__zcReEmail\").\n   * Used by the unplugin transform to construct the `import { ... } from \"virtual:zod-compiler/runtime\"` line.\n   * Always empty in inline mode.\n   */\n  usedHelpers: Set<string>;\n  /**\n   * Name of the hosted fast-check boolean function in the preamble (null when\n   * the schema has no Fast Path). generateIIFE passes it to __zcMkv so parse()\n   * and parseAsync() can return valid input without allocating an\n   * intermediate SafeParseResult.\n   */\n  fastFnName: string | null;\n  /**\n   * True when `fastFnName` is a TOTAL predicate: `fc(input) === true` iff the\n   * schema accepts `input` (mutation-free schemas, where a fast-check failure\n   * can never become a slow-path success). generateIIFE installs it as the\n   * zero-allocation `.is()` guard. False for partial fast paths\n   * (default/catch — `fc` only shortcuts present-and-valid input, so a `false`\n   * result does NOT imply rejection) and for schemas with no fast path, such as\n   * coercion; `.is()` then derives from `safeParse(input).success`.\n   */\n  fastTotal: boolean;\n  /**\n   * Hosted predicate installed as `.is()`, when it differs from `fastFnName`.\n   * A schema that rebuilds its output has no by-reference shortcut (so\n   * `fastFnName` is null) yet still has an exact acceptance predicate, because\n   * stripping reshapes the payload and never the verdict.\n   */\n  isFnName?: string | null;\n  /**\n   * Compact mode only: this validator reads {@link RETAINED_SCHEMA_VAR}\n   * directly, so `generateIIFE` must bind it even when the schema has no\n   * fallback refs of its own. Absent for every non-compact (fully compiled)\n   * validator.\n   */\n  usesRetainedSchema?: boolean;\n}\n\n/** Hosted-validator names for one recursion target (see CodeGenContext.recTargets). */\nexport interface RecTargetGen {\n  /** True for the root target (refId 0) — reuses the schema's own functions. */\n  isRoot: boolean;\n  /**\n   * safeParse-shaped slow validator name: `safeParse_<name>` for the root,\n   * `__rsp_N` for a non-root target. `slowRecursiveRef` calls this.\n   */\n  slowName: string;\n  /**\n   * Boolean fast-check name (`__fcr_N`). Allocated lazily for the root (mirrors\n   * recFastName), eagerly for non-root targets. Absent until the fast path\n   * reaches a ref to this target.\n   */\n  fastName?: string;\n  /** Inner IR hosted as the standalone validator body (non-root targets only). */\n  inner?: SchemaIR;\n}\n\n/** Shared mutable state for code generation. Fast and slow paths share the same instance. */\nexport interface CodeGenContext {\n  preamble: string[];\n  counter: number;\n  fnName: string;\n  /** Deduplicates regex patterns: same pattern string → same preamble variable name. */\n  regexCache: Map<string, string>;\n  /** Codegen output mode. */\n  mode: CodegenMode;\n  /** Names of helpers from \"virtual:zod-compiler/runtime\" referenced in this schema (lean mode only). */\n  usedHelpers: Set<string>;\n  /**\n   * Name of the fast-path boolean helper for the ROOT recursion target\n   * (refId 0), allocated on first fastRecursiveRef visit. generateValidator\n   * wraps the root fast expression as `function <name>(input){return <expr>;}`\n   * so recursive refs can call it. undefined = root has no recursion on the\n   * fast path.\n   */\n  recFastName?: string;\n  /**\n   * Hosted-validator name table for recursion targets, keyed by refId. Entry 0\n   * is the root (the schema's own `safeParse_<name>` / `recFastName`); entries\n   * ≥ 1 are non-root targets hosted as standalone `__rsp_N` (slow) / `__fcr_N`\n   * (fast) helpers. `recursiveRef`/`recursionTarget` generators look up the\n   * call target here. Undefined when not generating a full validator (e.g. unit\n   * tests calling a single generator) — treated as root-only.\n   */\n  recTargets?: Map<number, RecTargetGen>;\n  /** Dedup cache for hosted zero-capture effect functions: source text → preamble var. */\n  effectFnCache?: Map<string, string>;\n  /** Dedup cache for constant preamble declarations: initializer text → preamble var. */\n  valueCache?: Map<string, string>;\n  /** Reports poolable constants so the file pipeline can share exact duplicates across validators. */\n  onConstant?: ((constant: GeneratedConstant) => void) | undefined;\n  /** Exact initializer → file-level name, populated by the pipeline's second codegen pass. */\n  sharedConstantNames?: ReadonlyMap<string, string> | undefined;\n  /** Name of the build path's FAIL sentinel, declared once per validator. */\n  buildFailName?: string;\n  /** Hosted build-function name per recursion target refId, so back-edges resolve. */\n  buildRecNames?: Map<number, string>;\n  /** Memo for estimateFastCost (size-gated fast-check extraction). Lazily created. */\n  fastSizeCache?: WeakMap<SchemaIR, number>;\n  /** Memo for estimateRuntimeCost (cheapest-first check ordering). Lazily created. */\n  fastRuntimeCostCache?: WeakMap<SchemaIR, number>;\n  /**\n   * File-level shared slow-walk plan. Set only when generating a mutation-free\n   * schema (so shared walks stay on the deferred cold path); the slow-path\n   * visit() consults it to replace a repeated sub-IR with a `__zcSw_N` call.\n   */\n  sharedSchemas?: SharedSchemaPlan;\n}\n\n// ─── Slow Path context ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\n/** Context object for slow-path (error-collecting) generator functions. */\nexport interface SlowGen {\n  readonly input: string;\n  readonly output: string;\n  readonly path: string;\n  readonly issues: string;\n  readonly ctx: CodeGenContext;\n  /**\n   * Schema-level static error message of the node being generated\n   * (z.string({ error: \"...\" })). Default message for issues this node emits\n   * when the individual check has no message of its own. Set by generateSlow()\n   * from ir.typeMessage; never inherited by child nodes.\n   */\n  readonly typeMsg?: string | undefined;\n\n  /**\n   * Name of a boolean variable that this node sets to `true` when it aborts in\n   * the zod sense (`payload.aborted`) — currently only a pipe/codec whose `in`\n   * step fails (zod's `handlePipeResult` sets `left.aborted = true`). A `union`\n   * allocates one per option and reads it during pruning so a pipe option whose\n   * `in` failed counts as aborted even when its only issue is a non-aborting\n   * `custom`/check-level code. Undefined when the node is not inside an\n   * abort-tracking option, in which case the abort is a no-op.\n   *\n   * Unlike input/output/path/issues, this is NOT inherited by `visit()`: it is\n   * cleared at every boundary unless a node explicitly forwards it (the\n   * pass-through wrappers optional/nullable/readonly do), mirroring how zod\n   * propagates `payload.aborted` through transparent wrappers but not across\n   * container boundaries.\n   */\n  readonly aborted?: string | undefined;\n\n  /**\n   * Recursively generate validation for a child IR node.\n   * input/output/path/issues are inherited from parent unless overridden;\n   * `aborted` is the exception — it is only set when explicitly passed (see the\n   * `aborted` field doc), so it never leaks into container children.\n   * Union generators use `{ issues }` to redirect child errors to temporary arrays.\n   * Container generators use `{ input, output, path }` for element traversal.\n   */\n  visit(\n    ir: SchemaIR,\n    overrides?: {\n      input?: string;\n      output?: string;\n      path?: string;\n      issues?: string;\n      // `| undefined` (unlike the others): pass-through wrappers forward\n      // `g.aborted` verbatim, which is undefined outside an abort-tracking option.\n      aborted?: string | undefined;\n    },\n  ): string;\n\n  /** Generate a unique temp variable name: `__${prefix}_${counter++}` */\n  temp(prefix: string): string;\n\n  /** Add a regex to preamble and return the variable name. */\n  regex(prefix: string, pattern: string, flags?: string): string;\n\n  /** Add a Set to preamble and return the variable name. */\n  set(prefix: string, values: readonly unknown[]): string;\n}\n\n/** Slow-path generator function signature — registered in slowRegistry. */\nexport type SlowGenerator<T extends SchemaIR = SchemaIR> = (ir: T, g: SlowGen) => string;\n\n// ─── Fast Path context ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\n/**\n * Per-emitted-function size accumulator for size-gated fast-check extraction.\n * Shared by every node inlined into the same function; a fresh instance starts\n * each hosted helper (and the root). See fast-size.ts / generateFast.\n */\nexport interface FastScope {\n  used: number;\n  /**\n   * `var` temps that the function this scope is assembling must declare, in\n   * allocation order. Populated by {@link FastGen.local}; every site that\n   * materializes a function body from a fresh scope emits\n   * {@link declareFastTemps} at the top of that body.\n   *\n   * Function-scoped (never module-scoped) is load-bearing: a recursive\n   * validator re-enters itself while an outer frame still holds a live temp,\n   * and each invocation needs its own binding.\n   */\n  temps: string[];\n}\n\n/** `var a,b;` declaration for a scope's temps, or \"\" when it allocated none. */\nexport function declareFastTemps(scope: FastScope): string {\n  return scope.temps.length > 0 ? `var ${scope.temps.join(\",\")};` : \"\";\n}\n\n/**\n * Fast check for a wrapper that compares its input against a sentinel and\n * otherwise delegates to an inner schema — `optional` (`===undefined`),\n * `nullable` (`===null`) and `default` (`!==undefined`).\n *\n * Written naively these read the input TWICE: once for the sentinel test and\n * again inside the inner check (which may itself read it several more times —\n * `typeof x===\"string\"&&x.length>=3&&x.length<=20`). V8's load elimination\n * removes the repeats only while the access is monomorphic; on the polymorphic\n * and megamorphic call sites real payloads produce (an array of objects with\n * differing key order, anything out of `JSON.parse`) every repeat is a fresh\n * megamorphic lookup. Binding the value to a local once is worth 1.1-1.7x on\n * the whole object check when the optional key is present, and is neutral when\n * it is absent.\n *\n * Only hoisted when the input is a property access; a bare local (an array\n * element variable, a record value) is already a single load, so it keeps the\n * shorter form and byte-identical output.\n */\nexport function fastSentinelWrapper(\n  g: FastGen,\n  innerIR: SchemaIR,\n  sentinel: string,\n  joiner: \"&&\" | \"||\",\n): string | null {\n  if (!isPropertyAccess(g.input)) {\n    const inner = g.visit(innerIR);\n    return inner === null ? null : `(${g.input}${sentinel}${joiner}(${inner}))`;\n  }\n  const value = g.local(\"w\");\n  const inner = g.visit(innerIR, { input: value });\n  if (inner === null) return null;\n  return `((${value}=${g.input})${sentinel}${joiner}(${inner}))`;\n}\n\n/** True for an expression that performs a property load (`x[\"a\"]`, `x.a`, `x[0][1]`). */\nfunction isPropertyAccess(expr: string): boolean {\n  return expr.includes(\"[\") || expr.includes(\".\");\n}\n\n/** Context object for fast-path (boolean expression) generator functions. */\nexport interface FastGen {\n  readonly input: string;\n  readonly ctx: CodeGenContext;\n\n  /**\n   * Whether the CURRENT node may be hoisted into its own boolean helper when it\n   * (with the already-emitted siblings) would overflow the function size cap.\n   * False for the root and for a helper's own top node — those are already their\n   * own function — but their children are extractable. See generateFast.\n   */\n  readonly extractable: boolean;\n\n  /** Accumulated size (≈ chars) of the function currently being assembled. */\n  readonly scope: FastScope;\n\n  /**\n   * Set on the gen for a discriminated-union option only: the discriminator\n   * key. Signals `fastObject` to omit its type-guard and skip re-checking that\n   * property (the switch already matched its value). Never propagated to child\n   * nodes — nested objects keep their own guard.\n   */\n  readonly discSkipKey?: string | undefined;\n\n  /**\n   * Generate an ACCEPTANCE predicate rather than a by-reference one. The two\n   * differ at exactly one node: `.default()`. The by-reference form demands a\n   * present value, because its contract is `data === input` and a substituted\n   * default is not the input; the acceptance form accepts `undefined`, because\n   * the schema does. Set by generateValidator for a schema that rebuilds its\n   * output — there the expression can never stand in for the payload and is\n   * only ever read as a verdict, by `.is()` — and inherited by every child and\n   * hosted helper, so a default anywhere in the tree is treated the same way.\n   */\n  readonly acceptance?: boolean | undefined;\n\n  /**\n   * Recursively generate fast-check expression for a child IR node.\n   * Returns null if any child is ineligible for fast path.\n   */\n  visit(ir: SchemaIR, overrides?: { input?: string; discSkipKey?: string }): string | null;\n\n  /**\n   * A FastGen for emitting a SEPARATE function body (a hand-built preamble\n   * helper such as a discriminated-union switch or an array-element loop). It\n   * carries a FRESH size accumulator, so the helper's own content is size-gated\n   * against the cap independently of the caller — without this, a helper's body\n   * accrues to the caller's scope while the helper itself grows unbounded.\n   */\n  scoped(input: string): FastGen;\n\n  /** Generate a unique temp variable name. */\n  temp(prefix: string): string;\n\n  /**\n   * Allocate a unique name AND record it on this scope so the enclosing\n   * emitted function declares it as a `var` (see {@link FastScope.temps}).\n   * Use for a value bound inside an expression — `(t=x[\"k\"])===undefined` —\n   * where `temp()` alone would leave the name undeclared.\n   */\n  local(prefix: string): string;\n\n  /** Add a regex to preamble and return the variable name. */\n  regex(prefix: string, pattern: string, flags?: string): string;\n}\n\n/** Fast-path generator function signature — registered in fastRegistry. */\nexport type FastGenerator<T extends SchemaIR = SchemaIR> = (ir: T, g: FastGen) => string | null;\n\n// ─── Shared emit helpers (used by both slow-path and fast-path factories) ────\n\n/** Allocate a fresh `__${prefix}_${n}` identifier and bump the shared counter. */\nexport function emitTemp(ctx: CodeGenContext, prefix: string): string {\n  return `__${prefix}_${ctx.counter++}`;\n}\n\n/**\n * Host a zero-capture effect function (refine predicate, transform,\n * overwrite) in the preamble and return its variable name. The inline\n * `(${source})(x)` form evaluates the function expression — allocating a\n * function object — on EVERY parse at every effect site, including inside\n * the \"zero-allocation\" fast chain. V8's escape analysis erases that in\n * optimized frames, but interpreter/baseline/deopt frames pay it, and the\n * full source text re-parses as bytecode at each site. Zero-capture sources\n * reference only their own parameters and safe globals by construction, so\n * a single preamble binding is semantically identical. Deduped per schema\n * by source text.\n */\nexport function emitEffectFn(ctx: CodeGenContext, source: string): string {\n  ctx.effectFnCache ??= new Map();\n  const cached = ctx.effectFnCache.get(source);\n  if (cached !== undefined) return cached;\n  const name = `__ef_${ctx.counter++}`;\n  ctx.preamble.push(`var ${name}=(${source});`);\n  ctx.effectFnCache.set(source, name);\n  return name;\n}\n\n/**\n * Callable expression for a user callback — a refine predicate or a transform.\n *\n * A zero-capture callback is hosted from its source text; one that CAPTURES\n * outer variables is called by reference through `__rf[N]` — the user's own\n * function object, reached from the schema — instead of costing the schema its\n * compiled path. The reference is aliased into a preamble binding rather than\n * re-read per call, for the same reason call-invoked helpers are (a per-call\n * array element load is not a foldable callee).\n */\nexport function emitEffectCallable(\n  ctx: CodeGenContext,\n  effect: { refIndex?: number | undefined; source?: string | undefined },\n): string {\n  if (effect.refIndex !== undefined) return emitConstant(ctx, \"rfn\", `__rf[${effect.refIndex}]`);\n  if (effect.source === undefined) {\n    throw new Error(\"effect has neither inlineable source nor a reference index\");\n  }\n  return emitEffectFn(ctx, effect.source);\n}\n\n/**\n * Pristine fallback delegate: declare `var __rfp_N=__rf[N].safeParse.bind(__rf[N]);`\n * in the preamble and return the variable name. Generated code must NEVER read\n * `__rf[N].safeParse` at parse time: `__zcMkv` installs the compiled safeParse as\n * an OWN property on the original schema object, and whenever `__rf[N]` is that\n * same object the read resolves to the compiled delegate itself — infinite\n * recursion (RangeError on every parse). The fallback entry and the __zcMkv\n * target ARE the same object in compile mode (schemaExpr is the compile()\n * argument identifier) and the CLI emitter ((__src_X as any).schema); in\n * autoDiscover mode they are two textually identical constructions that any\n * downstream CSE/dedup transform (babel-plugin-zod-hoist in a field incident)\n * collapses back into one. Capturing at IIFE evaluation — before the trailing\n * `return __zcMkv(...)` mutates anything — pins zod's own implementation; the\n * worst case under cross-validator merges is delegating to an equivalent\n * compiled validator (whose own delegates were captured even earlier), never\n * a cycle.\n */\nexport function emitRfDelegate(ctx: CodeGenContext, refIndex: number): string {\n  const name = `__rfp_${refIndex}`;\n  const decl = `var ${name}=__rf[${refIndex}].safeParse.bind(__rf[${refIndex}]);`;\n  if (!ctx.preamble.includes(decl)) {\n    ctx.preamble.push(decl);\n  }\n  return name;\n}\n\n/**\n * Identifier `generateIIFE` binds the retained Zod schema to, once per export.\n *\n * Compact delegation reaches the schema through this binding rather than\n * through `__rf[]`. Routing it through the array meant every compact validator\n * — the common case being one with no fallback refs at all — declared a\n * one-element `var __rf=[__zs];` whose only reads were `__rf[0]`, i.e. an array\n * allocation per compiled schema at module init to alias a binding that was\n * already in scope. Naming the schema directly also keeps the reference a\n * foldable constant instead of an element load (the same reason\n * {@link emitEffectCallable} aliases its `__rf[N]` into a preamble binding).\n */\nexport const RETAINED_SCHEMA_VAR = \"__zs\";\n\n/**\n * Capture the retained schema's pristine `safeParse` without allocating a bound\n * function. Declared in the preamble, which `generateIIFE` places after the\n * `__zs` binding and before the trailing `__zcMkv` call — so the capture is\n * zod's own implementation, never the compiled delegate that call installs\n * (see {@link emitRfDelegate} for the recursion this avoids).\n */\nexport function emitRetainedMethod(ctx: CodeGenContext): string {\n  const name = \"__rfm_z\";\n  const decl = `var ${name}=${RETAINED_SCHEMA_VAR}.safeParse;`;\n  if (!ctx.preamble.includes(decl)) {\n    ctx.preamble.push(decl);\n  }\n  return name;\n}\n\n/**\n * Is a RegExp built with these flags safe to share between validators?\n *\n * `g` and `y` make the object STATEFUL: `.test()` advances `lastIndex` and the\n * next call resumes from there. Generated code is already correct about this —\n * every flagged site emits a `lastIndex=0` reset first (see `lastIndexReset` in\n * schemas/string.ts, the only generator that passes flags through) — so pooling\n * them would in fact work today.\n *\n * They are held back anyway, because the pool changes what a future lapse\n * costs. A missing reset on a validator-local regex misbehaves inside one\n * export, deterministically. On a pooled one it misbehaves across exports, and\n * only in the order the module happens to evaluate them. Flagged patterns are\n * rare enough that the sharing is not worth buying that failure mode. Every\n * other flag (`i`, `m`, `s`, `u`, `v`, `d`) is pure configuration and pools like\n * any other constant.\n */\nfunction isPoolableRegex(flags: string | undefined): boolean {\n  return flags === undefined || !/[gy]/.test(flags);\n}\n\n/**\n * Resolve a regex pattern to a runtime variable name.\n *\n * Three layers, widest first. Lean mode short-circuits well-known patterns to\n * virtual-module names, deduping them across the whole bundle. What is left is\n * pooled at FILE level when two or more validators build the identical RegExp —\n * the same bargain Sets get, and a larger one in practice: a repeated enum is\n * one `new Set([...])`, while a repeated `z.iso.datetime()` or shared\n * `.regex()` is a several-hundred-byte pattern plus a RegExp construction per\n * validator at module init. Anything still unique is cached and declared in the\n * per-IIFE preamble exactly once per pattern.\n */\nexport function emitRegex(\n  ctx: CodeGenContext,\n  prefix: string,\n  pattern: string,\n  flags?: string,\n): string {\n  if (ctx.mode === \"lean\" && !flags) {\n    const wellKnown = lookupWellKnownRegex(pattern);\n    if (wellKnown !== null) {\n      ctx.usedHelpers.add(wellKnown);\n      return wellKnown;\n    }\n  }\n  const cacheKey = flags ? `${flags}\\u0000${pattern}` : pattern;\n  const cached = ctx.regexCache.get(cacheKey);\n  if (cached) return cached;\n  const flagsArg = flags ? `,${escapeString(flags)}` : \"\";\n  // Flag-less patterns may carry a faster behavior-equivalent rewrite (a\n  // well-known table entry, repeat unrolling, or both); the regex OBJECT uses\n  // it while issue sites keep reporting the original pattern (see slowString).\n  const testSource = flags ? null : fastTestSource(pattern);\n  const initializer = `new RegExp(${escapeString(testSource ?? pattern)}${flagsArg})`;\n  const localPrefix = `re_${prefix}`;\n  const name = isPoolableRegex(flags)\n    ? emitPooledConstant(ctx, \"Rx\", localPrefix, initializer)\n    : emitConstant(ctx, localPrefix, initializer);\n  ctx.regexCache.set(cacheKey, name);\n  return name;\n}\n\n/**\n * Resolve the ORIGINAL `/source/flags` pattern string of a regex for issue\n * reporting. Only needed when emitRegex swapped in a faster equivalent test\n * pattern (the runtime regex's toString() would leak the rewrite). Lean mode\n * references the shared `<name>Src` virtual export so the original pattern\n * stays a single bundle-wide string; inline mode declares it once per IIFE.\n */\nexport function emitRegexSourceString(ctx: CodeGenContext, pattern: string): string {\n  if (ctx.mode === \"lean\") {\n    const srcName = wellKnownRegexSourceName(pattern);\n    if (srcName !== null) {\n      ctx.usedHelpers.add(srcName);\n      return srcName;\n    }\n  }\n  const cacheKey = `src\\u0000${pattern}`;\n  const cached = ctx.regexCache.get(cacheKey);\n  if (cached) return cached;\n  const name = `__res_${ctx.counter++}`;\n  ctx.preamble.push(`var ${name}=${escapeString(`/${pattern}/`)};`);\n  ctx.regexCache.set(cacheKey, name);\n  return name;\n}\n\n/**\n * Declare a constant value in the preamble and return its variable name,\n * reusing an earlier declaration of the SAME initializer.\n *\n * Value tables are reached from both halves of a validator — an enum's `Set`\n * from its fast check and again from its slow walk, a strict shape's key table\n * likewise — and repeat across sibling properties that share a value list. One\n * declaration per USE emitted the payload two or four times: measured 17% of a\n * 20-value enum schema's generated bytes, 16% for an object with two identical\n * enums. Keyed by initializer text, so only identical payloads collapse.\n */\nexport function emitConstant(ctx: CodeGenContext, prefix: string, initializer: string): string {\n  ctx.valueCache ??= new Map();\n  const cached = ctx.valueCache.get(initializer);\n  if (cached !== undefined) return cached;\n  const name = `__${prefix}_${ctx.counter++}`;\n  ctx.preamble.push(`var ${name}=${initializer};`);\n  ctx.valueCache.set(initializer, name);\n  return name;\n}\n\n/**\n * Declare a poolable constant in the preamble and return its variable name —\n * unless the file pipeline has already decided to hoist this exact initializer\n * to module scope, in which case the shared name is returned and nothing is\n * declared locally.\n *\n * The pipeline learns which initializers repeat by running codegen once and\n * collecting what was reported here, so every poolable constant must route\n * through this function rather than calling {@link emitConstant} directly.\n */\nexport function emitPooledConstant(\n  ctx: CodeGenContext,\n  kind: ConstantKind,\n  localPrefix: string,\n  initializer: string,\n): string {\n  const sharedName = ctx.sharedConstantNames?.get(initializer);\n  if (sharedName !== undefined) return sharedName;\n  const name = emitConstant(ctx, localPrefix, initializer);\n  ctx.onConstant?.({ kind, name, initializer });\n  return name;\n}\n\n/** Declare a `new Set([...])` in the preamble and return its variable name. */\nexport function emitSet(ctx: CodeGenContext, prefix: string, values: readonly unknown[]): string {\n  const initializer = `new Set(${JSON.stringify([...values])})`;\n  return emitPooledConstant(ctx, \"Set\", `set_${prefix}`, initializer);\n}\n\n/**\n * Shape-key count at or below which the unknown-key pass compares with an\n * inline `===` chain rather than a hashed lookup.\n *\n * This is deliberately NOT {@link ENUM_INLINE_THRESHOLD}: the two look alike but\n * are different workloads. An enum compares schema literals against arbitrary\n * INPUT strings, which may be long, share prefixes, and are not necessarily\n * internalized — so a hashed set earns its keep quickly. A shape-key test\n * compares them against keys arriving from `for-in`, i.e. the object's own\n * internalized key strings, so every arm of the chain is a pointer compare that\n * V8 predicts perfectly, while `table[k]` / `set.has(k)` pays a string hash and\n * probe per key.\n *\n * Measured over a strict object's for-in pass (JSON-parsed input, 8 rotated\n * shapes), `===` chain vs the previous `{k:1}` table: 3.7x at 6 keys, 3.8x at\n * 10, 3.1x at 20, 3.1x at 48 — the chain still leads at 64 (283 ns vs 690) and\n * only loses past ~96, where `Set.has` (not the table, which never wins at any\n * size) takes over. 64 sits below that crossover and above any realistic shape.\n */\nexport const KEY_MEMBERSHIP_INLINE_THRESHOLD = 64;\n\n/**\n * Boolean membership test for one key variable against a fixed key list.\n * Empty list recognizes nothing.\n *\n * `Set.has` is the large-shape fallback rather than a `{key:1}` object table:\n * the table is also `__proto__`-hostile (an own `__proto__` key cannot be set\n * by an object literal, so that key would silently read as unknown), which the\n * Set has no trouble with.\n */\nexport function keyMembershipTest(\n  ctx: CodeGenContext,\n  keys: readonly string[],\n  keyVar: string,\n): string {\n  if (keys.length === 0) return \"false\";\n  if (keys.length <= KEY_MEMBERSHIP_INLINE_THRESHOLD) {\n    return keys.map((k) => `${keyVar}===${escapeString(k)}`).join(\"||\");\n  }\n  return `${emitSet(ctx, \"ks\", keys)}.has(${keyVar})`;\n}\n\n/**\n * Enum values at or below this count use inline === checks instead of Set.has().\n * Measured on V8: for ≤5 values, an === chain beats Set.has by up to ~3x with\n * realistic (distinct-prefix, JSON-parsed) values — V8 internalizes strings on\n * successful comparison, making subsequent arms pointer-equality — and is no\n * worse than Set.has even with adversarial shared-prefix values.\n */\nexport const ENUM_INLINE_THRESHOLD = 5;\n\nconst CHECK_PRIORITY: Record<string, number> = {\n  // Cheapest: length/size comparisons (O(1))\n  min_length: 10,\n  max_length: 11,\n  length_equals: 12,\n  min_size: 13,\n  max_size: 14,\n  // Number format checks (comparison + bitwise)\n  number_format: 15,\n  // Range comparisons\n  greater_than: 20,\n  less_than: 21,\n  bigint_greater_than: 20,\n  bigint_less_than: 21,\n  date_greater_than: 22,\n  date_less_than: 23,\n  // Modulo\n  multiple_of: 30,\n  bigint_multiple_of: 30,\n  // String prefix/suffix (O(prefix/suffix length))\n  starts_with: 40,\n  ends_with: 41,\n  // String search (O(n·m) worst case)\n  includes: 42,\n  // Regex (most expensive)\n  string_format: 50,\n};\n\nexport function escapeString(s: string | number): string {\n  return JSON.stringify(s);\n}\n\n/** The {@link LiteralValue}s that {@link literalToJs} can spell. */\nexport type SourceFormLiteral = string | number | boolean | null | bigint | undefined;\n\n/**\n * Can {@link literalToJs} render this value as JS source that strict-equals it?\n *\n * Total by construction — it NAMES the value kinds that have a source form\n * rather than excluding the ones that don't, so every reference value falls out\n * on the false side. That matters because `literalToJs` used to end in a bare\n * `JSON.stringify`, which does not fail loudly on the values it cannot spell:\n * for a symbol it RETURNS `undefined` (the value, not a string), so\n * `z.literal(sym)` compiled to the comparison `x===undefined` — rejecting the\n * symbol it was built from and accepting `undefined`. An object is mis-rendered\n * the other way: `{}` stringifies to `\"{}\"`, and `x==={}` is never true, so the\n * very object the schema was built from was rejected. Both take the runtime\n * membership path instead (see the literal generator).\n */\nexport function hasSourceForm(v: LiteralValue): v is SourceFormLiteral {\n  if (v === null) return true;\n  const t = typeof v;\n  return t === \"string\" || t === \"number\" || t === \"boolean\" || t === \"bigint\" || t === \"undefined\";\n}\n\n/**\n * JS source for a primitive literal value (literal schemas, discriminator\n * case labels). JSON.stringify covers string/number/boolean/null; bigint\n * needs the `n` suffix (JSON.stringify throws and String(5n) renders a\n * number literal that never strict-equals a bigint); undefined isn't JSON.\n *\n * The parameter type is deliberately NARROWER than {@link LiteralValue}: every\n * caller must first prove its value is spellable with {@link hasSourceForm}.\n */\nexport function literalToJs(v: SourceFormLiteral): string {\n  if (typeof v === \"bigint\") return `${v}n`;\n  if (v === undefined) return \"undefined\";\n  // JSON.stringify maps NaN/±Infinity to \"null\"; emit them as JS expressions so a\n  // non-finite numeric literal round-trips (z.literal(Infinity) must compare\n  // against Infinity, not null). String(NaN)=\"NaN\", String(Infinity)=\"Infinity\",\n  // String(-Infinity)=\"-Infinity\" — all valid JS that evaluate to the value.\n  if (typeof v === \"number\" && !Number.isFinite(v)) return String(v);\n  return JSON.stringify(v);\n}\n\n/**\n * Helpers that generated code invokes through `Function.prototype.call`, and\n * which therefore must be aliased into a module-local binding in lean mode.\n *\n * V8 folds a local `const` callee into a constant and inlines straight through\n * `x.call(...)`; an IMPORTED binding is a cell it will not fold, so the same\n * expression stays a generic property load plus a generic call — measured 4.5x\n * (5 keys) to 6.5x (20 keys) slower on the record fast path, 35.9 ns vs 7.2 ns\n * for a 5-key record. Aliasing the import into the IIFE recovers all of it\n * (7.4 ns). A DIRECT call to an imported function (`__zcFsr(v,s)`) is not\n * penalized — measured identical — and neither is an imported RegExp receiver,\n * so only the `.call` sites are listed here.\n */\nconst CALL_INVOKED_HELPERS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set([\"__zcHop\"]);\n\n/**\n * Reference a shared runtime helper (e.g. __zcFsr) from generated code.\n * Lean mode: registers it for the `virtual:zod-compiler/runtime` import.\n * Inline mode: declares it once in the per-IIFE preamble.\n */\nexport function emitRuntimeHelper(ctx: CodeGenContext, name: string, decl: string): string {\n  if (ctx.mode === \"lean\") {\n    ctx.usedHelpers.add(name);\n    if (CALL_INVOKED_HELPERS.has(name)) return emitConstant(ctx, \"lh\", name);\n  } else if (!ctx.preamble.includes(decl)) {\n    ctx.preamble.push(decl);\n  }\n  return name;\n}\n\n/**\n * Extend a path expression with one or more scalar segment expressions\n * (escaped string literals, numeric literals, or loop-variable names).\n *\n * Path expressions are only ever composed by these helpers starting from the\n * `[]` root, so any path that looks like an array literal IS one — the new\n * segment is spliced in to keep issue paths a single array allocation\n * (`[\"data\",\"items\",__i_7]`) instead of an allocation per nesting level\n * (`[\"data\"].concat(\"items\").concat(__i_7)`). Opaque expressions fall back\n * to .concat().\n */\nexport function extendPath(parentPath: string, segExpr: string): string {\n  if (parentPath === \"[]\") return `[${segExpr}]`;\n  if (parentPath.startsWith(\"[\") && parentPath.endsWith(\"]\")) {\n    return `${parentPath.slice(0, -1)},${segExpr}]`;\n  }\n  return `${parentPath}.concat(${segExpr})`;\n}\n\n/** Extend a path expression with a static string key. */\nexport function extendStaticPath(parentPath: string, key: string): string {\n  return extendPath(parentPath, escapeString(key));\n}\n\n/** Extend a path expression with a numeric index. */\nexport function extendStaticPathIndex(parentPath: string, index: number): string {\n  return extendPath(parentPath, String(index));\n}\n\n/**\n * A superRefine callback receives zod's payload, whose `value` is public,\n * typed, writable API ($RefinementCtx extends ParsePayload) — so any node\n * carrying one MAY rewrite its value and must be treated as mutating. Which\n * callbacks actually do is undecidable here; the emitted fast check settles it\n * at runtime by refusing when the value changed (see ZC_SR_OK_DECL), so a\n * non-mutating callback still exits through the fast path.\n */\nfunction hasSuperRefine(checks: readonly { kind: string }[] | undefined): boolean {\n  return checks !== undefined && checks.some((c) => c.kind === \"super_refine_effect\");\n}\n\n/**\n * Check if a SchemaIR tree produces output that is not the input itself —\n * either value-mutating operations (coerce, default, catch, overwrite) that\n * write back to the input expression, or a strip object that rebuilds a fresh\n * object from its known keys. Used by container generators to decide whether to\n * clone (so the rebuilt/mutated value never writes through to the caller's\n * input), by generateValidator to keep such schemas off the by-reference fast\n * path, and by the shared-walk dedup + intersection extractor to exclude them.\n */\n/**\n * Can this tuple's output differ from a SHORT input it accepts?\n *\n * $ZodTuple runs every item even when the input is shorter, and\n * `handleTupleResults` writes each result back (`final.value[i] = r.value`)\n * unless the slot is at or past `optoutStart` and on the \"optional\" rung of\n * `optin` — that one ends the output where the input ended. Every other absent\n * slot lands in the output: below `optoutStart` as whatever the item made of\n * `undefined` (an own `undefined` for `z.string().optional()`, \"c\" for\n * `.catch(\"c\")`), at or past it as a substituted value (a \"defaulted\" item).\n * `z.tuple([z.string(), z.number().default(1)])` therefore answers `[\"x\"]` with\n * `[\"x\", 1]`, length 2, and `z.tuple([z.any()]).rest(z.number())` answers `[]`\n * with `[undefined]`. So the tuple is a mutating node — its output is not its\n * input — exactly when some slot that CAN be absent is not a truncating one.\n * Without a rest element only slots from `optStart` on can be absent (a shorter\n * input is `too_small`); with one, any slot can.\n */\nexport function tupleRewritesShortInput(ir: SchemaIR & { type: \"tuple\" }): boolean {\n  const len = ir.items.length;\n  const optoutStart = ir.optoutStart ?? len;\n  const optionalIn = ir.optionalIn ?? [];\n  for (let i = ir.rest === null ? ir.optStart : 0; i < len; i++) {\n    if (i < optoutStart || !optionalIn.includes(i)) return true;\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\n/**\n * Does this node hand back a container that could still carry an own\n * `__proto__` zod would have stripped?\n *\n * True for the shapes whose output IS their input: a LOOSE or CATCHALL object\n * (a stripping one rebuilds from the declared keys, and `parsedProperties`\n * already drops the key) and any record. See {@link ZC_PROTO_SCRUB_DECL} for\n * what zod does and why the difference matters.\n */\nexport function needsProtoScrub(ir: SchemaIR): boolean {\n  // Every record: the walk skips `__proto__` but the container is handed back.\n  if (ir.type === \"record\") return true;\n  if (ir.type !== \"object\") return false;\n  // A STRIPPING object rebuilds from the declared keys and `parsedProperties`\n  // drops `__proto__`, so its output can never carry one.\n  if (ir.stripUnknownKeys === true) return false;\n  // A STRICT object reports an undeclared `__proto__` as an unrecognized key\n  // and fails, so the only way one reaches its output is by being DECLARED —\n  // which zod's shape loop strips while still counting the name as recognized.\n  if (ir.strict === true) return Object.hasOwn(ir.properties, \"__proto__\");\n  // Loose or catchall: an undeclared `__proto__` rides through untouched.\n  return true;\n}\n\nexport function hasMutation(ir: SchemaIR): boolean {\n  switch (ir.type) {\n    case \"string\":\n      // url checks trim (and optionally normalize) the value; overwrite\n      // effects (.trim(), .toLowerCase()) rewrite it.\n      return (\n        ir.coerce === true ||\n        hasSuperRefine(ir.checks) ||\n        ir.checks.some(\n          (c) =>\n            c.kind === \"overwrite_effect\" || (c.kind === \"string_format\" && c.format === \"url\"),\n        )\n      );\n    case \"number\":\n      return ir.coerce === true || hasSuperRefine(ir.checks);\n    case \"boolean\":\n    case \"bigint\":\n    case \"date\":\n      return ir.coerce === true;\n    case \"default\":\n    case \"catch\":\n    case \"effect\":\n    case \"fallback\":\n    case \"stringBool\":\n      return true;\n    case \"object\":\n      // A strip object produces a FRESH output (only the declared keys), so it\n      // mutates: parents must clone before it writes back, it never takes the\n      // by-reference fast path, and intersections of strip objects delegate to\n      // zod (see extractIntersection's hasMutation guard) — matching zod's\n      // parse-both-sides-then-merge semantics instead of over-stripping.\n      return (\n        ir.stripUnknownKeys === true ||\n        hasSuperRefine(ir.checks) ||\n        (ir.catchall !== undefined && hasMutation(ir.catchall)) ||\n        Object.values(ir.properties).some((p) => hasMutation(p))\n      );\n    case \"array\":\n      return hasSuperRefine(ir.checks) || hasMutation(ir.element);\n    case \"tuple\":\n      return (\n        ir.items.some(hasMutation) ||\n        (ir.rest !== null && hasMutation(ir.rest)) ||\n        tupleRewritesShortInput(ir)\n      );\n    case \"record\":\n      return hasMutation(ir.valueType);\n    // A freezing readonly produces a value that is not its input, exactly as a\n    // strip object does — so it must never take a by-reference shortcut.\n    case \"readonly\":\n      return ir.freeze === true || hasMutation(ir.inner);\n    case \"optional\":\n    case \"nullable\":\n    case \"recursionTarget\":\n    case \"zodDelegate\":\n      return hasMutation(ir.inner);\n    case \"union\":\n    case \"discriminatedUnion\":\n      return ir.options.some(hasMutation);\n    case \"intersection\":\n      return hasMutation(ir.left) || hasMutation(ir.right);\n    case \"pipe\":\n      return hasMutation(ir.in) || hasMutation(ir.out);\n    case \"set\":\n      return hasMutation(ir.valueType);\n    case \"map\":\n      return hasMutation(ir.keyType) || hasMutation(ir.valueType);\n    case \"file\":\n      return false;\n    default:\n      return false;\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Is a defaulted property's key guaranteed to appear in the stripped output?\n *\n * Distinct from {@link rejectsUndefined}, which asks whether `undefined` is\n * REJECTED — a `.default()` accepts it and yet still produces a defined value, so\n * only this question earns the key a slot in the output object literal. The two\n * answers coincide everywhere else.\n *\n * Sound for both branches of a default: the substituted value is defined\n * (`alwaysDefined`, checked against the schema at extraction time), and the inner\n * branch runs only when `input[key] !== undefined`, which implies `key in input`\n * — so zod's presence test keeps the key whatever the inner produced.\n */\nexport function outputAlwaysDefined(ir: SchemaIR): boolean {\n  return ir.type === \"default\" ? ir.alwaysDefined === true : rejectsUndefined(ir);\n}\n\n/**\n * Does this schema reject `undefined` outright?\n *\n * Read as \"does an absent key already fail on its own\" by the object extractor,\n * which otherwise has to report the absence itself (zod's `nonoptional`\n * issue), and as \"is a fixed-length rebuild exact\" by the tuple build.\n * Conservative: anything that might accept, produce, or default to `undefined`\n * answers false.\n */\nexport function rejectsUndefined(ir: SchemaIR): boolean {\n  switch (ir.type) {\n    // Coercion turns undefined into a value (`String(undefined)`), so a\n    // coercing primitive is NOT a rejector.\n    case \"string\":\n    case \"number\":\n    case \"boolean\":\n    case \"bigint\":\n    case \"date\":\n      return ir.coerce !== true;\n    case \"symbol\":\n    case \"null\":\n    case \"nan\":\n    case \"never\":\n    case \"enum\":\n    case \"object\":\n    case \"array\":\n    case \"tuple\":\n    case \"record\":\n    case \"set\":\n    case \"map\":\n    case \"file\":\n    case \"templateLiteral\":\n    case \"discriminatedUnion\":\n    case \"stringBool\":\n      return true;\n    case \"literal\":\n      return !ir.values.includes(undefined);\n    case \"union\":\n      return ir.options.every(rejectsUndefined);\n    case \"intersection\":\n      return rejectsUndefined(ir.left) || rejectsUndefined(ir.right);\n    case \"nullable\":\n    case \"readonly\":\n    case \"recursionTarget\":\n    case \"zodDelegate\":\n      return rejectsUndefined(ir.inner);\n    default:\n      // optional / any / unknown / undefined / void / default / catch /\n      // fallback / effect / pipe / recursiveRef — each can yield undefined,\n      // or is opaque enough that we must not assume otherwise.\n      return false;\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Sort comparator for CheckIR: cheapest/most-discriminating checks first.\n * Used by fast-path generators after filtering out refine_effect entries.\n */\nexport function checkPriority(\n  a: CheckIR | BigIntCheckIR | DateCheckIR | SetCheckIR,\n  b: CheckIR | BigIntCheckIR | DateCheckIR | SetCheckIR,\n): number {\n  return (CHECK_PRIORITY[a.kind] ?? 99) - (CHECK_PRIORITY[b.kind] ?? 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package/dist/core/codegen/fast-path.d.ts

@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@ import { CodeGenContext, FastGen, FastScope } from "./context.js";
  *   visit shares the parent's scope; a hoisted helper body gets a fresh one)
  * @param discSkipKey discriminated-union option marker (see FastGen.discSkipKey);
  *   carried only on the option's own node, never auto-propagated to children
+ * @param acceptance emit an acceptance predicate instead of a by-reference one
+ *   (see FastGen.acceptance); inherited by children and hosted helpers
  */
-declare function createFastGen(inputExpr: string, ctx: CodeGenContext, extractable?: boolean, scope?: FastScope, discSkipKey?: string): FastGen;
+declare function createFastGen(inputExpr: string, ctx: CodeGenContext, extractable?: boolean, scope?: FastScope, discSkipKey?: string, acceptance?: boolean): FastGen;
 /**
  * Generate a boolean expression string that validates input against the schema.
  * Returns `null` if the schema (or any nested part) is not eligible for fast checking.

package/dist/core/codegen/fast-path.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"fast-path.d.ts","names":[],"sources":["../../../src/core/codegen/fast-path.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;;;;;;;;;iBA0HgB,cACd,mBACA,KAAK,gBACL,uBACA,QAAO,WACP,uBACC;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;iBA8Ca,aAAa,IAAI,UAAU,GAAG"}
+{"version":3,"file":"fast-path.d.ts","names":[],"sources":["../../../src/core/codegen/fast-path.ts"],"mappings":";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;iBA4HgB,cACd,mBACA,KAAK,gBACL,uBACA,QAAO,WACP,sBACA,uBACC;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;iBAuDa,aAAa,IAAI,UAAU,GAAG"}

package/dist/core/codegen/fast-path.js

@@ -86,24 +86,27 @@ const fastRegistry = {
 *   visit shares the parent's scope; a hoisted helper body gets a fresh one)
 * @param discSkipKey discriminated-union option marker (see FastGen.discSkipKey);
 *   carried only on the option's own node, never auto-propagated to children
+* @param acceptance emit an acceptance predicate instead of a by-reference one
+*   (see FastGen.acceptance); inherited by children and hosted helpers
 */
 function createFastGen(inputExpr, ctx, extractable = false, scope = {
 	temps: [],
 	used: 0
-}, discSkipKey) {
+}, discSkipKey, acceptance = false) {
 	return {
 		input: inputExpr,
 		ctx,
 		extractable,
 		scope,
 		discSkipKey,
+		acceptance,
 		visit(ir, overrides) {
-			return generateFast(ir, createFastGen(overrides?.input ?? inputExpr, ctx, true, scope, overrides?.discSkipKey));
+			return generateFast(ir, createFastGen(overrides?.input ?? inputExpr, ctx, true, scope, overrides?.discSkipKey, acceptance));
 		},
 		scoped: (input) => createFastGen(input, ctx, true, {
 			temps: [],
 			used: 0
-		}),
+		}, void 0, acceptance),
 		temp: (prefix) => emitTemp(ctx, prefix),
 		local(prefix) {
 			const name = emitTemp(ctx, prefix);
@@ -139,7 +142,7 @@ function generateFast(ir, g) {
 			const innerGen = createFastGen(param, g.ctx, false, {
 				temps: [],
 				used: 0
-			}, g.discSkipKey);
+			}, g.discSkipKey, g.acceptance);
 			const inner = generateFast(ir, innerGen);
 			if (inner === null) return null;
 			const fnName = emitTemp(g.ctx, "fo");

package/dist/core/codegen/fast-path.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"fast-path.js","names":[],"sources":["../../../src/core/codegen/fast-path.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * Fast Path: produces a boolean expression string for eligible schemas.\n * When the expression evaluates to `true` at runtime, the input is valid and\n * safeParse can return success immediately without allocating an issues array.\n *\n * Returns `null` if the schema is not eligible for Fast Path (contains coerce,\n * default, transform, or other non-pure constructs).\n */\n\nimport type { SchemaIR } from \"../types.js\";\nimport type { CodeGenContext, FastGen, FastGenerator, FastScope } from \"./context.js\";\nimport { declareFastTemps, emitRegex, emitTemp } from \"./context.js\";\nimport {\n  CALL_COST,\n  EXTRACT_CAP,\n  estimateFastCost,\n  HOISTABLE,\n  MIN_EXTRACT,\n  predictedInlineSize,\n} from \"./fast-size.js\";\nimport { fastAny } from \"./schemas/any.js\";\nimport { fastArray } from \"./schemas/array.js\";\nimport { fastBigInt } from \"./schemas/bigint.js\";\nimport { fastBoolean } from \"./schemas/boolean.js\";\nimport { fastCatch } from \"./schemas/catch.js\";\nimport { fastCustom } from \"./schemas/custom.js\";\nimport { fastDate } from \"./schemas/date.js\";\nimport { fastDefault } from \"./schemas/default.js\";\nimport { fastDiscriminatedUnion } from \"./schemas/discriminated-union.js\";\nimport { fastEnum } from \"./schemas/enum.js\";\nimport { fastFile } from \"./schemas/file.js\";\nimport { fastIntersection } from \"./schemas/intersection.js\";\nimport { fastLiteral } from \"./schemas/literal.js\";\nimport { fastMap } from \"./schemas/map.js\";\nimport { fastNan } from \"./schemas/nan.js\";\nimport { fastNever } from \"./schemas/never.js\";\nimport { fastNull } from \"./schemas/null.js\";\nimport { fastNullable } from \"./schemas/nullable.js\";\nimport { fastNumber } from \"./schemas/number.js\";\nimport { fastObject } from \"./schemas/object.js\";\nimport { fastOptional } from \"./schemas/optional.js\";\nimport { fastPipe } from \"./schemas/pipe.js\";\nimport { fastReadonly } from \"./schemas/readonly.js\";\nimport { fastRecord } from \"./schemas/record.js\";\nimport { fastRecursionTarget, fastRecursiveRef } from \"./schemas/recursive-ref.js\";\nimport { fastSet } from \"./schemas/set.js\";\nimport { fastString } from \"./schemas/string.js\";\nimport { fastSymbol } from \"./schemas/symbol.js\";\nimport { fastTemplateLiteral } from \"./schemas/template-literal.js\";\nimport { fastTuple } from \"./schemas/tuple.js\";\nimport { fastUndefined } from \"./schemas/undefined.js\";\nimport { fastUnion } from \"./schemas/union.js\";\nimport { fastUnknown } from \"./schemas/unknown.js\";\nimport { fastVoid } from \"./schemas/void.js\";\nimport { fastZodDelegate } from \"./schemas/zod-delegate.js\";\n\n// ─── Typed registry ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n// `null` = statically ineligible (the type NEVER has a fast path).\n// Non-null function = may return null at runtime (dynamically ineligible, e.g. when coerce is present).\n\nconst fastRegistry = {\n  // Primitives (order follows SchemaIR union in types.ts)\n  string: fastString,\n  number: fastNumber,\n  boolean: fastBoolean,\n  bigint: fastBigInt,\n  date: fastDate,\n  symbol: fastSymbol,\n  null: fastNull,\n  undefined: fastUndefined,\n  void: fastVoid,\n  nan: fastNan,\n  never: fastNever,\n  any: fastAny,\n  unknown: fastUnknown,\n  literal: fastLiteral,\n  enum: fastEnum,\n  // Containers\n  object: fastObject,\n  array: fastArray,\n  tuple: fastTuple,\n  record: fastRecord,\n  set: fastSet,\n  map: fastMap,\n  file: fastFile,\n  // Unions & Intersections\n  union: fastUnion,\n  discriminatedUnion: fastDiscriminatedUnion,\n  intersection: fastIntersection,\n  // Modifiers\n  optional: fastOptional,\n  nullable: fastNullable,\n  readonly: fastReadonly,\n  default: fastDefault,\n  pipe: fastPipe,\n  // Effects\n  effect: null, // statically ineligible\n  // Special\n  custom: fastCustom,\n  zodDelegate: fastZodDelegate,\n  templateLiteral: fastTemplateLiteral,\n  catch: fastCatch,\n  fallback: null, // statically ineligible\n  recursiveRef: fastRecursiveRef,\n  recursionTarget: fastRecursionTarget,\n  stringBool: null, // statically ineligible — output type (boolean) differs from input (string)\n} satisfies {\n  [K in SchemaIR[\"type\"]]: FastGenerator<Extract<SchemaIR, { type: K }>> | null;\n};\n\n// ─── Factory ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\n/**\n * @param inputExpr  the input expression this node validates\n * @param ctx        shared codegen context\n * @param extractable whether THIS node may be hoisted (false for the root and a\n *   helper's own top node — see generateFast); 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children are always extractable\n * @param scope      size accumulator for the function being assembled (a child\n *   visit shares the parent's scope; a hoisted helper body gets a fresh one)\n * @param discSkipKey discriminated-union option marker (see FastGen.discSkipKey);\n *   carried only on the option's own node, never auto-propagated to children\n * @param acceptance emit an acceptance predicate instead of a by-reference one\n *   (see FastGen.acceptance); inherited by children and hosted helpers\n */\nexport function createFastGen(\n  inputExpr: string,\n  ctx: CodeGenContext,\n  extractable = false,\n  scope: FastScope = { temps: [], used: 0 },\n  discSkipKey?: string,\n  acceptance = false,\n): FastGen {\n  return {\n    input: inputExpr,\n    ctx,\n    extractable,\n    scope,\n    discSkipKey,\n    acceptance,\n    visit(ir, overrides) {\n      // A child shares this function's scope and is itself extractable. The\n      // discriminated-union skip is NOT inherited implicitly — only a caller\n      // that explicitly passes overrides.discSkipKey (fastDiscriminatedUnion)\n      // sets it, so nested objects keep their own type-guard.\n      return generateFast(\n        ir,\n        createFastGen(\n          overrides?.input ?? inputExpr,\n          ctx,\n          true,\n          scope,\n          overrides?.discSkipKey,\n          acceptance,\n        ),\n      );\n    },\n    scoped: (input) =>\n      createFastGen(input, ctx, true, { temps: [], used: 0 }, undefined, acceptance),\n    temp: (prefix) => emitTemp(ctx, prefix),\n    local(prefix) {\n      const name = emitTemp(ctx, prefix);\n      scope.temps.push(name);\n      return name;\n    },\n    regex: (prefix, pattern, flags) => emitRegex(ctx, prefix, pattern, flags),\n  };\n}\n\n// ─── Dispatch ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n\n/**\n * Generate a boolean expression string that validates input against the schema.\n * Returns `null` if the schema (or any nested part) is not eligible for fast checking.\n *\n * Size-gated extraction: when inlining `ir` would push the function being\n * assembled past EXTRACT_CAP, it is hoisted into its own boolean helper\n * `function __fo_N(p){return <expr over p>;}` and replaced by a call. This keeps\n * every emitted function under V8's TurboFan optimization budget — a single\n * giant fast-check otherwise drops to the slower Maglev tier (measured ~3-4.5x\n * on deeply-nested schemas). The running total `g.scope.used` is EXACT emitted\n * chars (the returned string's length); only the extract look-ahead is an\n * estimate, scaled for access-path length. Small schemas never approach the\n * cap, so their output is byte-identical to the fully-inlined form; large\n * aggregates do split (still semantically identical — only the boolean's shape\n * changes).\n */\nexport function generateFast(ir: SchemaIR, g: FastGen): string | null {\n  const gen = fastRegistry[ir.type];\n  if (gen === null) return null;\n\n  if (g.extractable && HOISTABLE.has(ir.type)) {\n    const cache = fastSizeCache(g.ctx);\n    const overBudget = g.scope.used + predictedInlineSize(ir, g.input.length, cache) > EXTRACT_CAP;\n    // Extract a sub-schema big enough to be worth a call; but once the function\n    // is ALREADY over budget, extract any hoistable child regardless of size —\n    // otherwise a crowd of small siblings (e.g. a discriminated union of many\n    // small options) grows the function unbounded since none alone clears\n    // MIN_EXTRACT.\n    if (overBudget && (g.scope.used > EXTRACT_CAP || estimateFastCost(ir, cache) >= MIN_EXTRACT)) {\n      const param = emitTemp(g.ctx, \"op\");\n      // Generate the body relative to the helper's parameter, in a fresh scope;\n      // the top node is non-extractable (it IS this helper) while its children\n      // stay extractable, so an oversized helper splits further recursively.\n      // Carry discSkipKey so an extracted discriminated-union option still drops\n      // its redundant guard inside the hoisted helper.\n      const innerGen = createFastGen(\n        param,\n        g.ctx,\n        false,\n        { temps: [], used: 0 },\n        g.discSkipKey,\n        g.acceptance,\n      );\n      const inner = generateFast(ir, innerGen);\n      if (inner === null) return null; // ineligible sub-schema disables the whole fast path\n      const fnName = emitTemp(g.ctx, \"fo\");\n      g.ctx.preamble.push(\n        `function ${fnName}(${param}){${declareFastTemps(innerGen.scope)}return ${inner};}`,\n      );\n      g.scope.used += CALL_COST;\n      return `${fnName}(${g.input})`;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Inlined: charge the enclosing function this node's EXACT emitted size. 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package/dist/core/codegen/index.js

@@ -55,11 +55,12 @@ function generateValidator(ir, name, options) {
 	const fastEffectCache = ctx.effectFnCache && new Map(ctx.effectFnCache);
 	const fastValueCache = ctx.valueCache && new Map(ctx.valueCache);
 	const fastRecName = ctx.recFastName;
-	const fg = createFastGen("input", ctx);
+	const acceptance = rebuildsOutput(ir);
+	const fg = createFastGen("input", ctx, false, void 0, void 0, acceptance);
 	let fastExpr = generateFast(ir, fg);
 	if (fastExpr !== null && hasNonRootTargets) for (const t of ctx.recTargets.values()) {
 		if (t.isRoot) continue;
-		const targetGen = createFastGen("input", ctx, false);
+		const targetGen = createFastGen("input", ctx, false, void 0, void 0, acceptance);
 		const body = generateFast(t.inner, targetGen);
 		if (body === null) {
 			fastExpr = null;
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ function generateValidator(ir, name, options) {
 			fastTotal: false
 		};
 	}
-	const buildIsFnName = ctx.buildSubstitutesValue === true ? null : fastFnName;
+	const buildIsFnName = fastFnName;
 	const baseRefCount = options?.refCount ?? 0;
 	if (options?.compact === true && fastExpr !== null && fastExpr !== "true" && !hasMutation(ir) && !needsProtoScrub(ir) && !nestedNeedsProtoScrub(ir) && !hasNonRootTargets) {
 		const delegate = emitRetainedMethod(ctx);