zod-compiler 1.23.7 → 1.24.0

package/README.md

@@ -118,18 +118,21 @@ that blocks eval both leave a working plain-Zod schema.
 
 ### Supported Build Tools
 
-| Build Tool | Import                                            |
-| ---------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
-| Vite       | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/vite"`     |
-| webpack    | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/webpack"`  |
-| esbuild    | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/esbuild"`  |
-| SWC        | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/swc"`      |
-| Rollup     | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/rollup"`   |
-| Rolldown   | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/rolldown"` |
-| Rsbuild    | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/rsbuild"`  |
-| rspack     | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/rspack"`   |
-| Bun        | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/bun"`      |
-| Farm       | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/farm"`     |
+| Build Tool          | Import                                            |
+| ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
+| Vite                | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/vite"`     |
+| webpack             | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/webpack"`  |
+| Turbopack / Next.js | `loaders: ["zod-compiler/turbopack"]`             |
+| esbuild             | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/esbuild"`  |
+| SWC                 | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/swc"`      |
+| Rollup              | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/rollup"`   |
+| Rolldown            | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/rolldown"` |
+| Rsbuild             | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/rsbuild"`  |
+| rspack              | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/rspack"`   |
+| Bun                 | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/bun"`      |
+| Farm                | `import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/farm"`     |
+
+Turbopack takes a loader rather than a plugin — see [Next.js (Turbopack)](#nextjs-turbopack).
 
 ### Options
 
@@ -210,6 +213,13 @@ Validators share a runtime helper layer imported from one module, so each helper
 bundle. Schemas in a file sharing a structurally identical sub-shape emit its error walk once —
 **19-28% raw / 10-18% gzipped**, scaling with how much the file repeats.
 
+Build plugins serve that module from their own resolve hook — as `virtual:zod-compiler/runtime`, or
+`__zod-compiler-runtime__` on webpack and rspack, which reject the `virtual:` scheme. A host without
+hooks — a webpack loader such as [Turbopack](#nextjs-turbopack) — can instead import the same code
+from `zod-compiler/runtime`, a real package subpath that plain module resolution finds. That only
+pays off where the host bundles the import rather than leaving it external, which is why it is
+opt-in there.
+
 **Transpile-only esbuild builds** (no `--bundle`) never fire the bundler's resolve hooks, so the
 `virtual:` specifier would survive into `dist/` and fail at runtime. Set `codegenMode: "inline"` to emit
 helpers per file instead:
@@ -220,6 +230,100 @@ export default [zodCompiler({ schemas: "explicit", codegenMode: "inline" })];
 
 Set `output: "bag"` to also drop the retained Zod schema when you don't need `.shape` / `instanceof`.
 
+### Next.js (Turbopack)
+
+Turbopack — the default bundler since Next.js 16 — [runs webpack loaders but no webpack
+plugins](https://nextjs.org/docs/app/api-reference/turbopack#webpack-plugins), so it needs the
+loader entry point rather than `zod-compiler/webpack`:
+
+```typescript
+// next.config.ts
+import type { NextConfig } from "next";
+
+const nextConfig: NextConfig = {
+  turbopack: {
+    rules: {
+      "*.{ts,tsx}": {
+        condition: {
+          all: [
+            { not: "foreign" }, // skip node_modules
+            { content: /[Zz]od/ }, // skip files that cannot contain a schema
+          ],
+        },
+        loaders: ["zod-compiler/turbopack"],
+      },
+    },
+  },
+};
+
+export default nextConfig;
+```
+
+Pass options with the object form — `loaders: [{ loader: "zod-compiler/turbopack", options: { verbose: true } }]`.
+Next.js serializes them into its config, so they have to be plain JSON. That rules out a RegExp
+`hoist.schemaNamePattern` (pass the pattern as a string instead), and `apply` is Vite-only as always.
+There is no `cache` option either: the loader keeps no disk cache of its own, because
+Turbopack already caches loader results persistently, keyed on file content plus the dependencies
+the loader declares. Nothing lands in `node_modules/.cache/zod-compiler`, so the CI cache step under
+[Large projects and CI](#large-projects-and-ci) does not apply — cache `.next/cache` instead.
+
+The two `condition` clauses are the Turbopack equivalent of the plugin's own file filters — without
+them the loader is invoked on every `.ts` in the project. Keep the `content` pattern this loose:
+narrowing it to `"zod"` silently skips `zod/v4`, `zod/mini` and the `zod-compiler` import behind
+`schemas: "explicit"`, and skipped files just quietly stay uncompiled. Drop the `content` clause
+entirely if you set a custom `hoist.schemaNamePattern`, which makes schema roots out of identifiers
+(`UserModel`) in files that need never mention zod at all.
+
+Set no `as` or `type` on the rule. The loader emits TypeScript and Turbopack's own SWC pass handles
+it, so there is no second transpile and no `@swc/core` dependency.
+
+Helpers are emitted per file by default. `codegenMode: "lean"` imports them from
+`zod-compiler/runtime` instead — a real package subpath, resolvable without the hook a loader
+doesn't have — so one copy is shared across every transformed file:
+
+```typescript
+loaders: [{ loader: "zod-compiler/turbopack", options: { codegenMode: "lean" } }],
+```
+
+It is opt-in because it only holds where the host **bundles** that import. Next.js does for client
+and App Router server code. Pages Router server code externalizes `node_modules` imports unless
+[`bundlePagesRouterDependencies`](https://nextjs.org/docs/pages/api-reference/config/next-config-js/bundlePagesRouterDependencies)
+is on — and `zod-compiler` is usually a devDependency, so a production install prunes it and the
+route throws `ERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND` on the first request, with nothing failing at build time. Use
+lean for an App-Router-only app, or move `zod-compiler` to `dependencies`.
+
+Expect a file reachable from both client and server components to be transformed more than once —
+Turbopack applies loaders per output environment, and runs them in a worker pool, so the cache of
+executed modules that makes discovery cheap is only shared within a worker. The first build of a
+large schema set is the expensive one.
+
+`next dev --webpack` / `next build --webpack` remain available, where `zod-compiler/webpack` applies
+unchanged:
+
+```typescript
+// next.config.ts — webpack only
+import type { NextConfig } from "next";
+import zodCompiler from "zod-compiler/webpack";
+
+const nextConfig: NextConfig = {
+  webpack: (config) => {
+    config.plugins?.push(zodCompiler({ verbose: true }));
+    return config;
+  },
+};
+
+export default nextConfig;
+```
+
+Schemas exported from a `"use client"` module compile like any other — the generated runtime is
+emitted below the directive so it stays the first statement. A `"use server"` file is different, and
+not because of zod-compiler: Next.js only allows async function exports there, so a schema in one
+has to stay inside a function, where [hoisting](#schema-hoisting) still lifts and compiles it.
+
+Note also the React Server Components rule that a server component may not import a _value_ from a
+`"use client"` module — that yields a client reference rather than the schema, with or without
+zod-compiler.
+
 ### SWC
 
 A programmatic `@swc/core` bridge wrapping `transform()`, not a `.swcrc` plugin. Install

package/dist/core/codegen/build-path.d.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,36 @@ import { CodeGenContext } from "./context.js";
 //#region src/core/codegen/build-path.d.ts
 /** Does `ir`, taken as a whole schema, produce a value that is not its input? */
 declare function rebuildsOutput(ir: SchemaIR): boolean;
+/**
+ * Does a PASSING fast check prove that the parse returns its own input?
+ *
+ * This is the contract behind every by-reference shortcut: `safeParse`'s
+ * `if(fc(input)) return {success:true,data:input}` and, through `fc` in
+ * `__zcMkv`, `parse()` / `parseAsync()` / `~standard.validate()`. It is strictly
+ * stronger than "the fast check is sound", and two things break it:
+ *
+ *  1. The schema REBUILDS its output. A stripping object is the common case, and
+ *     it is why `z.object({ a: z.number().catch(0) })` — a strip object the
+ *     build pass declines because of the `.catch()` — used to answer
+ *     `parse({a: 1, b: 2})` with the UNSTRIPPED input while its own `safeParse`
+ *     correctly returned `{a: 1}`.
+ *
+ *  2. A plain `z.union()` with a MUTATING option. The fast form is an `||` chain,
+ *     which reports that SOME option accepts the input; zod returns the value
+ *     produced by the FIRST option that succeeds. Those differ as soon as an
+ *     earlier option would have claimed the input and rewritten it —
+ *     `z.union([z.string().catch("c"), z.number()])` answers `"c"` for every
+ *     input, catch being infallible, while the chain matches `1` against the
+ *     number arm and hands back `1`. A DISCRIMINATED union is exempt: its
+ *     dispatch selects exactly one option, so which arm zod runs is never in
+ *     doubt (and a rewriting object option is caught by (1) anyway).
+ *
+ * Withheld here rather than in `fastUnion` on purpose: the `||` chain is still a
+ * correct VERDICT, which is all a nested conjunct or a `.is()` guard needs, so
+ * declining to emit it would cost every union-of-objects its fast path (and the
+ * size-gated `__fo_` split) to fix a shortcut that only the root takes.
+ */
+declare function fastResultIsInput(ir: SchemaIR): boolean;
 /**
  * Host the whole schema as `function NAME(input){…}` returning the built value
  * or the FAIL sentinel. Returns the function name, or null when the schema is
@@ -10,5 +40,5 @@ declare function rebuildsOutput(ir: SchemaIR): boolean;
  */
 declare function generateBuild(ir: SchemaIR, ctx: CodeGenContext): string | null;
 //#endregion
-export { generateBuild, rebuildsOutput };
+export { fastResultIsInput, generateBuild, rebuildsOutput };
 //# sourceMappingURL=build-path.d.ts.map

package/dist/core/codegen/build-path.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"build-path.d.ts","names":[],"sources":["../../../src/core/codegen/build-path.ts"],"mappings":";;;;iBAoJgB,eAAe,IAAI;;;;;;iBAmGnB,cAAc,IAAI,UAAU,KAAK"}
+{"version":3,"file":"build-path.d.ts","names":[],"sources":["../../../src/core/codegen/build-path.ts"],"mappings":";;;;iBAqJgB,eAAe,IAAI;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;iBAiCnB,kBAAkB,IAAI;;;;;;iBA2GtB,cAAc,IAAI,UAAU,KAAK"}

package/dist/core/codegen/build-path.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import { declareFastTemps, emitEffectCallable, emitEffectFn, emitRuntimeHelper, emitTemp, escapeString, keyMembershipTest, literalToJs, outputAlwaysDefined, rejectsUndefined } from "./context.js";
-import { ZC_HOP_DECL } from "./issue-decls.js";
+import { declareFastTemps, emitEffectCallable, emitEffectFn, emitRuntimeHelper, emitTemp, escapeString, hasMutation, keyMembershipTest, literalToJs, outputAlwaysDefined, rejectsUndefined } from "./context.js";
+import { ZC_HOP_DECL, ZC_PLAIN_DECL } from "./issue-decls.js";
 import { defaultValueExpr, needsPostInnerDefault } from "./schemas/default.js";
 import { estimateFastCost, predictedInlineSize } from "./fast-size.js";
 import { innerAppliesDefaultOnUndefined } from "./schemas/optional.js";
@@ -51,6 +51,46 @@ function rebuildsOutput(ir) {
 	return rebuildSet(ir).has(ir);
 }
 /**
+* Does a PASSING fast check prove that the parse returns its own input?
+*
+* This is the contract behind every by-reference shortcut: `safeParse`'s
+* `if(fc(input)) return {success:true,data:input}` and, through `fc` in
+* `__zcMkv`, `parse()` / `parseAsync()` / `~standard.validate()`. It is strictly
+* stronger than "the fast check is sound", and two things break it:
+*
+*  1. The schema REBUILDS its output. A stripping object is the common case, and
+*     it is why `z.object({ a: z.number().catch(0) })` — a strip object the
+*     build pass declines because of the `.catch()` — used to answer
+*     `parse({a: 1, b: 2})` with the UNSTRIPPED input while its own `safeParse`
+*     correctly returned `{a: 1}`.
+*
+*  2. A plain `z.union()` with a MUTATING option. The fast form is an `||` chain,
+*     which reports that SOME option accepts the input; zod returns the value
+*     produced by the FIRST option that succeeds. Those differ as soon as an
+*     earlier option would have claimed the input and rewritten it —
+*     `z.union([z.string().catch("c"), z.number()])` answers `"c"` for every
+*     input, catch being infallible, while the chain matches `1` against the
+*     number arm and hands back `1`. A DISCRIMINATED union is exempt: its
+*     dispatch selects exactly one option, so which arm zod runs is never in
+*     doubt (and a rewriting object option is caught by (1) anyway).
+*
+* Withheld here rather than in `fastUnion` on purpose: the `||` chain is still a
+* correct VERDICT, which is all a nested conjunct or a `.is()` guard needs, so
+* declining to emit it would cost every union-of-objects its fast path (and the
+* size-gated `__fo_` split) to fix a shortcut that only the root takes.
+*/
+function fastResultIsInput(ir) {
+	if (rebuildsOutput(ir)) return false;
+	const seen = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
+	const ordered = (node) => {
+		if (seen.has(node)) return false;
+		seen.add(node);
+		if (node.type === "union" && node.options.some(hasMutation)) return true;
+		return children(node).some(ordered);
+	};
+	return !ordered(ir);
+}
+/**
 * True when the subtree mutates for any reason the build pass cannot reproduce —
 * `.catch()`, `z.url()`, `superRefine`. Those rewrite values in ways this pass
 * (which validates, coerces, decodes string booleans, substitutes declared
@@ -465,7 +505,7 @@ function buildRecord(ir, input, g) {
 	if (inner === null) return null;
 	const hop = emitRuntimeHelper(g.ctx, "__zcHop", ZC_HOP_DECL);
 	return {
-		code: `if(typeof ${input}!=="object"||${input}===null||Array.isArray(${input}))return ${g.fail};${out}={};for(${keyVar} in ${input}){if(${hop}.call(${input},${keyVar})){${valVar}=${input}[${keyVar}];${inner.code}${out}[${keyVar}]=${inner.value};}}`,
+		code: `if(!${emitRuntimeHelper(g.ctx, "__zcPlain", ZC_PLAIN_DECL)}(${input}))return ${g.fail};${out}={};for(${keyVar} in ${input}){if(${keyVar}!=="__proto__"&&${hop}.call(${input},${keyVar})){${valVar}=${input}[${keyVar}];${inner.code}${out}[${keyVar}]=${inner.value};}}`,
 		value: out
 	};
 }
@@ -636,6 +676,6 @@ function local(g, prefix) {
 	return name;
 }
 //#endregion
-export { generateBuild, rebuildsOutput };
+export { fastResultIsInput, generateBuild, rebuildsOutput };
 
 //# sourceMappingURL=build-path.js.map

package/dist/core/codegen/build-path.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"build-path.js","names":[],"sources":["../../../src/core/codegen/build-path.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * Build Path: one uninstrumented pass that VALIDATES and BUILDS rewritten\n * output together, abandoning the whole parse at the first failing check.\n *\n * `z.object()` strips unknown keys, so a successful parse cannot return the\n * input by reference — it must produce a fresh object. That rules out the Fast\n * Path (whose contract is `data === input`), and before this the only remaining\n * option was the eager slow walk: a fully instrumented traversal that collects\n * issues on every parse, valid or not.\n *\n * Two passes are wasteful in either direction. Validating first and building\n * afterwards reads every property twice (measured 29.7 ns vs 21.6 for the slow\n * walk on a 6-field object). Building with issue collection pays the\n * instrumentation even when nothing fails. Doing both in ONE pass, with a\n * sentinel instead of an issues array, beats both — and a failure costs only\n * the checks up to the first bad one, because the issue-producing walk is\n * deferred into `.error` exactly as `__zcFinD` does for mutation-free schemas:\n *\n *              object clean   object invalid   array(8) invalid\n *   slow walk       21.6 ns         30.4 ns           197.5 ns\n *   build path      18.1 ns          7.7 ns             9.8 ns\n *\n * A subtree that rebuilds nothing is validated with its existing Fast Path\n * expression and passed through by reference, so only nodes that genuinely\n * produce a new value need code here; anything else returns null and keeps the\n * eager walk.\n *\n * Coverage is what decides whether this pass is reached at all, because it is\n * all-or-nothing per schema: ONE unmodelled node anywhere in the tree costs the\n * whole schema its single-pass parse. Modelled, beyond the stripping containers\n * this started with: array size checks and `.refine()`, object-level `.refine()`,\n * `.default()` substitution, ordered string rewrites (`.trim()`,\n * `.toLowerCase()`), sync `.transform()`, `z.stringbool()`, and the five native\n * coercions (`string`, `number`, `boolean`, `bigint`, `date`). Still declined, via\n * {@link mutatesBeyondStrip} — `.catch()` (its callback wants the inner schema's\n * issue list, which this pass never builds), `z.url()`, and `superRefine`.\n */\n\nimport type { ObjectIR, RefineEffectCheckIR, SchemaIR, StringBoolIR } from \"../types.js\";\nimport type { CodeGenContext, FastScope } from \"./context.js\";\nimport {\n  declareFastTemps,\n  emitEffectCallable,\n  emitEffectFn,\n  emitRuntimeHelper,\n  emitTemp,\n  escapeString,\n  keyMembershipTest,\n  literalToJs,\n  outputAlwaysDefined,\n  rejectsUndefined,\n} from \"./context.js\";\nimport { createFastGen, generateFast } from \"./fast-path.js\";\nimport { EXTRACT_CAP, estimateFastCost, MIN_EXTRACT, predictedInlineSize } from \"./fast-size.js\";\nimport { ZC_HOP_DECL } from \"./issue-decls.js\";\nimport { defaultValueExpr, needsPostInnerDefault } from \"./schemas/default.js\";\nimport { innerAppliesDefaultOnUndefined } from \"./schemas/optional.js\";\nimport { fastStringCheck } from \"./schemas/string.js\";\nimport { emitStringBoolMap, stringBoolUsesInline } from \"./schemas/string-bool.js\";\n\n/** Statements that leave the built value in `value`, or `return <FAIL>` on failure. */\ninterface Built {\n  code: string;\n  value: string;\n}\n\ninterface BuildGen {\n  ctx: CodeGenContext;\n  /** Identifier of the per-validator FAIL sentinel. */\n  fail: string;\n  /** `var` temps and running emitted size of the function being assembled. */\n  scope: FastScope;\n  /**\n   * May THIS node be hosted in its own function? False for the node a hosted\n   * build was created for — it already IS that function, so re-hosting it would\n   * recurse forever. Children are always extractable, letting an oversized\n   * helper split further.\n   */\n  extractable: boolean;\n  /** Nodes of the root schema that rebuild (see rebuildSet). */\n  rebuilds: ReadonlySet<SchemaIR>;\n}\n\n/**\n * Which nodes of `root` produce a value that is not their input — a stripping\n * object, coercion, codec, default, overwrite or transform, including\n * containers that contain one. Everything else can be validated in place and\n * passed through, which is what keeps this generator small.\n *\n * Computed as a fixpoint rather than a plain walk because of recursion: a\n * `recursiveRef` is a back-edge with no children, so a local walk reads false\n * for it and would pass the whole recursive subtree through by reference —\n * leaving every nested value unstripped while the outermost one was rebuilt.\n * Resolving the ref against its target closes the cycle, and iterating to a\n * fixpoint settles the mutual dependency between the two.\n */\nfunction rebuildSet(root: SchemaIR): ReadonlySet<SchemaIR> {\n  const targets = new Map<number, SchemaIR>([[0, root]]);\n  const nodes: SchemaIR[] = [];\n  const seen = new Set<SchemaIR>();\n  const collect = (node: SchemaIR): void => {\n    if (seen.has(node)) return;\n    seen.add(node);\n    nodes.push(node);\n    if (node.type === \"recursionTarget\") targets.set(node.refId, node.inner);\n    for (const child of children(node)) collect(child);\n  };\n  collect(root);\n\n  const rebuilds = new Set<SchemaIR>();\n  for (let changed = true; changed;) {\n    changed = false;\n    for (const node of nodes) {\n      if (rebuilds.has(node)) continue;\n      const target = node.type === \"recursiveRef\" ? targets.get(node.refId ?? 0) : undefined;\n      const rebuild =\n        (node.type === \"object\" && node.stripUnknownKeys === true) ||\n        // `.default()` substitutes its own value for `undefined`, so its output\n        // is not its input even when the inner schema passes through — it must\n        // never be handed to `passthrough`, whose fast check would reject the\n        // absent value outright.\n        node.type === \"default\" ||\n        // `z.stringbool()` replaces its accepted string with a boolean.\n        node.type === \"stringBool\" ||\n        // An overwrite effect (`.trim()`, `.toLowerCase()`) rewrites the string,\n        // so the node's output is a new value: it has to be BUILT rather than\n        // validated in place (see buildString).\n        (node.type === \"string\" &&\n          (node.coerce === true || node.checks.some((c) => c.kind === \"overwrite_effect\"))) ||\n        ((node.type === \"number\" ||\n          node.type === \"boolean\" ||\n          node.type === \"bigint\" ||\n          node.type === \"date\") &&\n          node.coerce === true) ||\n        // `.transform(fn)` replaces the value with the callback's result.\n        node.type === \"effect\" ||\n        (target !== undefined && rebuilds.has(target)) ||\n        children(node).some((child) => rebuilds.has(child));\n      if (rebuild) {\n        rebuilds.add(node);\n        changed = true;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return rebuilds;\n}\n\n/** Does `ir`, taken as a whole schema, produce a value that is not its input? */\nexport function rebuildsOutput(ir: SchemaIR): boolean {\n  return rebuildSet(ir).has(ir);\n}\n\n/**\n * True when the subtree mutates for any reason the build pass cannot reproduce —\n * `.catch()`, `z.url()`, `superRefine`. Those rewrite values in ways this pass\n * (which validates, coerces, decodes string booleans, substitutes declared\n * defaults, applies ordered string rewrites and copies) does not model, so the\n * schema keeps the eager walk.\n */\nfunction mutatesBeyondStrip(ir: SchemaIR): boolean {\n  return mutatesHere(ir) || children(ir).some(mutatesBeyondStrip);\n}\n\n/**\n * Does this node rewrite values on its own account (ignoring its children, and\n * ignoring the reshaping a strip object does)? Mirrors the node-local half of\n * `hasMutation`; the recursion above supplies the other half.\n */\nfunction mutatesHere(ir: SchemaIR): boolean {\n  switch (ir.type) {\n    case \"string\":\n      // Coercion and overwrite effects are absent: `buildString` applies them\n      // in order. A `z.url()` check still is not — it trims, normalizes and\n      // needs its own normalization/error semantics.\n      return (\n        superRefines(ir.checks) ||\n        ir.checks.some((c) => c.kind === \"string_format\" && c.format === \"url\")\n      );\n    case \"number\":\n      return superRefines(ir.checks);\n    case \"boolean\":\n    case \"bigint\":\n    case \"date\":\n      return false;\n    // `default` and `effect` are absent: substituting a constant for `undefined`\n    // and applying a sync transform are both modelled (see buildDefault /\n    // buildEffect), and their inners are reached through `children`.\n    //\n    // `catch` is NOT: its catchValue callback receives a ctx carrying the inner\n    // schema's collected issues, and this pass produces a sentinel instead of an\n    // issue list — there is nothing to hand it.\n    case \"catch\":\n    case \"fallback\":\n      return true;\n    case \"object\":\n    case \"array\":\n      return superRefines(ir.checks);\n    default:\n      return false;\n  }\n}\n\nfunction superRefines(checks: readonly { kind: string }[] | undefined): boolean {\n  return checks !== undefined && checks.some((c) => c.kind === \"super_refine_effect\");\n}\n\nfunction children(ir: SchemaIR): readonly SchemaIR[] {\n  switch (ir.type) {\n    case \"object\":\n      return ir.catchall\n        ? [...Object.values(ir.properties), ir.catchall]\n        : Object.values(ir.properties);\n    case \"array\":\n      return [ir.element];\n    case \"tuple\":\n      return ir.rest === null ? ir.items : [...ir.items, ir.rest];\n    case \"record\":\n    case \"map\":\n      return [ir.keyType, ir.valueType];\n    case \"set\":\n      return [ir.valueType];\n    case \"union\":\n    case \"discriminatedUnion\":\n      return ir.options;\n    case \"intersection\":\n      return [ir.left, ir.right];\n    case \"optional\":\n    case \"nullable\":\n    case \"readonly\":\n    case \"default\":\n    case \"catch\":\n    case \"effect\":\n    case \"recursionTarget\":\n    case \"zodDelegate\":\n      return [ir.inner];\n    case \"pipe\":\n      return [ir.in, ir.out];\n    default:\n      return [];\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Host the whole schema as `function NAME(input){…}` returning the built value\n * or the FAIL sentinel. Returns the function name, or null when the schema is\n * not expressible as a single build pass.\n */\nexport function generateBuild(ir: SchemaIR, ctx: CodeGenContext): string | null {\n  const rebuilds = rebuildSet(ir);\n  if (!rebuilds.has(ir) || mutatesBeyondStrip(ir)) return null;\n  const fail = emitFailSentinel(ctx);\n  const scope: FastScope = { temps: [], used: 0 };\n  const built = build(ir, \"input\", { ctx, extractable: false, fail, rebuilds, scope });\n  if (built === null) return null;\n  const name = emitTemp(ctx, \"vb\");\n  ctx.preamble.push(\n    `function ${name}(input){${declareFastTemps(scope)}${built.code}return ${built.value};}`,\n  );\n  return name;\n}\n\n/** One `{}` per validator, compared by identity — no parse output can equal it. */\nfunction emitFailSentinel(ctx: CodeGenContext): string {\n  if (ctx.buildFailName === undefined) {\n    ctx.buildFailName = `__bf_${ctx.counter++}`;\n    ctx.preamble.push(`var ${ctx.buildFailName}={};`);\n  }\n  return ctx.buildFailName;\n}\n\n/**\n * Statements producing the built value of `ir` read from `input`, or null.\n *\n * Size-gated exactly like the fast path: once inlining `ir` would push the\n * function being assembled past EXTRACT_CAP, the sub-build is hosted as its own\n * `__vb_N(p)` returning value-or-FAIL and replaced by a call. Without this a\n * deeply nested schema emits one enormous build function — measured at 113 KB\n * and 354 KB on the deep fixtures — far past the bytecode size where V8 stops\n * running TurboFan on it, which would forfeit the speed this path exists for.\n */\nfunction build(ir: SchemaIR, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  // Resolved before the passthrough shortcut below. A back-edge carries no\n  // children, so `rebuildsOutput` reads false for it — and passing it through by\n  // reference would leave every nested recursive value unstripped while the\n  // outermost one was rebuilt.\n  if (ir.type === \"recursiveRef\") return buildRecursiveCall(ir.refId ?? 0, input, g);\n  if (ir.type === \"recursionTarget\") return buildRecursionTarget(ir, input, g);\n  if (!g.rebuilds.has(ir)) return passthrough(ir, input, g);\n\n  const cache = (g.ctx.fastSizeCache ??= new WeakMap<SchemaIR, number>());\n  if (\n    g.extractable &&\n    g.scope.used + predictedInlineSize(ir, input.length, cache) > EXTRACT_CAP &&\n    (g.scope.used > EXTRACT_CAP || estimateFastCost(ir, cache) >= MIN_EXTRACT)\n  ) {\n    const hosted = hostBuild(ir, g);\n    if (hosted !== null) {\n      const slot = local(g, \"bh\");\n      const code = `${slot}=${hosted}(${input});if(${slot}===${g.fail})return ${g.fail};`;\n      g.scope.used += code.length;\n      return { code, value: slot };\n    }\n  }\n\n  // This node's extraction decision is made; its descendants get to make their\n  // own, so an oversized hosted helper keeps splitting.\n  const before = g.scope.used;\n  const out = buildInline(ir, input, { ...g, extractable: true });\n  if (out !== null) g.scope.used = before + out.code.length;\n  return out;\n}\n\n/** Host `ir`'s build in its own function over a fresh parameter; returns its name. */\nfunction hostBuild(ir: SchemaIR, g: BuildGen): string | null {\n  const param = emitTemp(g.ctx, \"bp\");\n  const scope: FastScope = { temps: [], used: 0 };\n  const inner = build(ir, param, { ...g, extractable: false, scope });\n  if (inner === null) return null;\n  const name = emitTemp(g.ctx, \"vb\");\n  g.ctx.preamble.push(\n    `function ${name}(${param}){${declareFastTemps(scope)}${inner.code}return ${inner.value};}`,\n  );\n  return name;\n}\n\nfunction buildInline(ir: SchemaIR, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  switch (ir.type) {\n    case \"object\":\n      return buildObject(ir, input, g);\n    case \"array\":\n      return buildArray(ir, input, g);\n    case \"tuple\":\n      return buildTuple(ir, input, g);\n    case \"record\":\n      return buildRecord(ir, input, g);\n    case \"optional\":\n      // A default further down the chain consumes undefined into a value, so\n      // the `undefined → undefined` shortcut must not fire — same rule (and\n      // same helper) the slow and fast paths already apply.\n      return innerAppliesDefaultOnUndefined(ir.inner)\n        ? build(ir.inner, input, g)\n        : buildSentinel(ir.inner, input, g, \"===undefined\", \"undefined\");\n    case \"nullable\":\n      // `null` short-circuits unconditionally in zod, whatever the inner is;\n      // undefined flows through, so an inner default still fires.\n      return buildSentinel(ir.inner, input, g, \"===null\", \"null\");\n    case \"default\":\n      return buildDefault(ir, input, g);\n    case \"string\":\n      return buildString(ir, input, g);\n    case \"stringBool\":\n      return buildStringBool(ir, input, g);\n    case \"number\":\n    case \"boolean\":\n    case \"bigint\":\n    case \"date\":\n      return buildCoercedPrimitive(ir, input, g);\n    case \"effect\":\n      return buildEffect(ir, input, g);\n    case \"readonly\":\n      return build(ir.inner, input, g);\n    case \"zodDelegate\":\n      return build(ir.inner, input, g);\n    case \"union\":\n      return buildUnion(ir, input, g);\n    case \"discriminatedUnion\":\n      return buildDiscriminatedUnion(ir, input, g);\n    default:\n      // A rebuilding intersection, map or set: expressible in principle, but\n      // each needs its own output-shaping rules, so they keep the eager walk\n      // until there is a measured reason to add them.\n      return null;\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Host the target's build once under a name registered BEFORE its body is\n * generated, so the back-edges inside that body resolve to it.\n */\nfunction buildRecursionTarget(\n  ir: SchemaIR & { type: \"recursionTarget\" },\n  input: string,\n  g: BuildGen,\n): Built | null {\n  const table = (g.ctx.buildRecNames ??= new Map<number, string>());\n  if (!table.has(ir.refId)) {\n    const name = emitTemp(g.ctx, \"vbr\");\n    table.set(ir.refId, name);\n    const param = emitTemp(g.ctx, \"bp\");\n    const scope: FastScope = { temps: [], used: 0 };\n    const inner = build(ir.inner, param, { ...g, extractable: false, scope });\n    if (inner === null) {\n      table.delete(ir.refId);\n      return null;\n    }\n    g.ctx.preamble.push(\n      `function ${name}(${param}){${declareFastTemps(scope)}${inner.code}return ${inner.value};}`,\n    );\n  }\n  return buildRecursiveCall(ir.refId, input, g);\n}\n\n/** Call the hosted build for a recursion target, propagating its FAIL. */\nfunction buildRecursiveCall(refId: number, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  const name = g.ctx.buildRecNames?.get(refId);\n  if (name === undefined) return null;\n  const slot = local(g, \"bh\");\n  return {\n    code: `${slot}=${name}(${input});if(${slot}===${g.fail})return ${g.fail};`,\n    value: slot,\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Try each option in declaration order and take the first that builds — which\n * is what zod's union does with the first option that parses.\n *\n * Every option is HOSTED rather than inlined, and that is load-bearing: a\n * failing build signals with `return FAIL`, which inside the enclosing function\n * would abandon the whole parse instead of moving on to the next option. Behind\n * a call, the same signal is just a value to test.\n *\n * PLAIN unions only. A discriminated union must not reach here: zod resolves it\n * by dispatch, not by probing, and the two disagree — see\n * {@link buildDiscriminatedUnion}.\n */\nfunction buildUnion(ir: SchemaIR & { type: \"union\" }, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  const hosted: string[] = [];\n  for (const option of ir.options) {\n    const fn = g.rebuilds.has(option) ? hostBuild(option, g) : hostPassthrough(option, g);\n    if (fn === null) return null;\n    hosted.push(fn);\n  }\n  if (hosted.length === 0) return null;\n\n  const out = local(g, \"bu\");\n  let code = `${out}=${hosted[0] as string}(${input});`;\n  for (const fn of hosted.slice(1)) {\n    code += `if(${out}===${g.fail}){${out}=${fn}(${input});}`;\n  }\n  code += `if(${out}===${g.fail})return ${g.fail};`;\n  return { code, value: out };\n}\n\n/**\n * Dispatch on the discriminator and build ONLY the option that value selects,\n * failing outright when it selects none — mirroring zod, which resolves the\n * option through a `discriminator value → option` map built from each option's\n * `propValues` and pushes `invalid_union` (\"No matching discriminator\") without\n * ever running an option's parse when the lookup misses.\n *\n * Probing the options in order like {@link buildUnion} does is NOT equivalent,\n * because an option can accept more than its own dispatch values. A wrapper that\n * substitutes a value contributes only the value it wraps to `propValues` while\n * its parse also accepts the input it substitutes FOR:\n * `z.literal(\"a\").default(\"a\")` dispatches on `\"a\"` alone yet parses a MISSING\n * discriminator, so sequential probing accepted `{v:\"x\"}` — output `{t:\"a\",v:\"x\"}`\n * — where zod rejects it. `.prefault()` and `.catch()` have the same shape, and\n * only escape it because neither reaches this pass today (a prefaulted schema\n * delegates to zod wholesale, and `.catch()` is refused by\n * {@link mutatesBeyondStrip}); a `.default()` is exactly what pulls the build\n * path in. The switch cannot drift that way: the dispatch table IS zod's, so an\n * unlisted discriminator reaches `default:` and fails, whatever the options\n * would have accepted on their own.\n *\n * The reverse — rejecting what zod accepts — is why `.optional()`/`.nullable()`\n * discriminators stay compiled rather than being refused here: their\n * `undefined`/`null` are in `propValues`, so they arrive as ordinary cases.\n *\n * Object-ness is proved BEFORE the discriminator is read, both because zod\n * rejects a non-object with its own `invalid_type` ahead of the lookup and\n * because the property read would throw on `null`/`undefined`.\n */\nfunction buildDiscriminatedUnion(\n  ir: SchemaIR & { type: \"discriminatedUnion\" },\n  input: string,\n  g: BuildGen,\n): Built | null {\n  const out = local(g, \"bd\");\n  // One hosted build per REACHABLE option, keyed by option index: a multi-value\n  // literal (`z.literal([\"a\",\"c\"])`) contributes several cases selecting the\n  // same option, and they share the one function rather than emitting it twice.\n  const hostedByOption = new Map<number, string>();\n  let arms = \"\";\n  for (const { value, option: index } of ir.cases) {\n    let fn = hostedByOption.get(index);\n    if (fn === undefined) {\n      const option = ir.options[index];\n      if (option === undefined) return null;\n      const hosted = g.rebuilds.has(option) ? hostBuild(option, g) : hostPassthrough(option, g);\n      if (hosted === null) return null;\n      fn = hosted;\n      hostedByOption.set(index, fn);\n    }\n    arms += `case ${literalToJs(value)}:${out}=${fn}(${input});break;`;\n  }\n  if (arms === \"\") return null;\n\n  return {\n    code:\n      `if(typeof ${input}!==\"object\"||${input}===null||Array.isArray(${input}))return ${g.fail};` +\n      `switch(${input}[${escapeString(ir.discriminator)}]){${arms}default:return ${g.fail};}` +\n      `if(${out}===${g.fail})return ${g.fail};`,\n    value: out,\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Host a non-rebuilding option as `value-or-FAIL`, so a union can probe it with\n * the same protocol as a rebuilding one.\n */\nfunction hostPassthrough(ir: SchemaIR, g: BuildGen): string | null {\n  const param = emitTemp(g.ctx, \"bp\");\n  const scope: FastScope = { temps: [], used: 0 };\n  const expr = generateFast(ir, createFastGen(param, g.ctx, true, scope));\n  if (expr === null) return null;\n  const name = emitTemp(g.ctx, \"vp\");\n  g.ctx.preamble.push(\n    `function ${name}(${param}){${declareFastTemps(scope)}return ${expr === \"true\" ? param : `(${expr})?${param}:${g.fail}`};}`,\n  );\n  return name;\n}\n\n/** Validate in place with the Fast Path and hand the input straight back. */\nfunction passthrough(ir: SchemaIR, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  const scoped = createFastGen(input, g.ctx, true, g.scope);\n  const expr = generateFast(ir, scoped);\n  if (expr === null) return null;\n  return { code: expr === \"true\" ? \"\" : `if(!(${expr}))return ${g.fail};`, value: input };\n}\n\n/**\n * Rebuild from the declared keys. Sound for a stripping object (that IS the\n * output) and for a strict one (unknown keys are rejected, so the declared keys\n * are the whole key set). A loose object or one with a `.catchall()` keeps keys\n * this pass does not enumerate, so those bail.\n */\nfunction buildObject(ir: ObjectIR, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  if (ir.catchall !== undefined) return null;\n  if (ir.stripUnknownKeys !== true && ir.strict !== true) return null;\n  if (ir.suppressAbsentKeys !== undefined && ir.suppressAbsentKeys.length > 0) return null;\n  // Object-level `.refine()` runs on the assembled output (below). superRefine\n  // rewrites the payload, which this pass does not model — mutatesBeyondStrip\n  // already rejects it, so this is a belt-and-braces narrowing of the type.\n  const refines = ir.checks ?? [];\n  if (refines.some((check) => check.kind !== \"refine_effect\")) return null;\n\n  let code = `if(typeof ${input}!==\"object\"||${input}===null||Array.isArray(${input}))return ${g.fail};`;\n\n  if (ir.strict === true) {\n    const keyVar = local(g, \"bk\");\n    code += `for(${keyVar} in ${input}){if(!(${keyMembershipTest(g.ctx, Object.keys(ir.properties), keyVar)}))return ${g.fail};}`;\n  }\n\n  const slots: { always: boolean; keyStr: string; value: string }[] = [];\n  for (const [key, propIR] of Object.entries(ir.properties)) {\n    const keyStr = escapeString(key);\n    const slot = local(g, \"bv\");\n    code += `${slot}=${input}[${keyStr}];`;\n    const propBuilt = build(propIR, slot, g);\n    if (propBuilt === null) return null;\n    code += propBuilt.code;\n    slots.push({ always: outputAlwaysDefined(propIR), keyStr, value: propBuilt.value });\n  }\n\n  // Same assembly the eager strip walk uses: the longest LEADING run of\n  // always-present keys goes into one object literal (V8 stamps it from a\n  // cached boilerplate map in a single allocation), and everything after the\n  // first conditional key is appended so insertion order still matches zod.\n  // The per-key test is zod's own — keep the key when the parsed value is\n  // defined, or when it was present on the input at all.\n  const out = local(g, \"bo\");\n  const literal: string[] = [];\n  let appends = \"\";\n  let leading = true;\n  for (const slot of slots) {\n    if (leading && slot.always) {\n      literal.push(`${slot.keyStr}:${slot.value}`);\n      continue;\n    }\n    leading = false;\n    appends += slot.always\n      ? `${out}[${slot.keyStr}]=${slot.value};`\n      : `if(${slot.value}!==undefined||(${slot.keyStr} in ${input})){${out}[${slot.keyStr}]=${slot.value};}`;\n  }\n  code += `${out}={${literal.join(\",\")}};${appends}`;\n  // Zod parses the properties into the payload first and skips the check chain\n  // when that produced issues, so a bad property suppresses the refine — which\n  // this pass gets for free, having already returned FAIL at that property.\n  for (const check of refines) {\n    code += `if(!${emitEffectCallable(g.ctx, check as RefineEffectCheckIR)}(${out}))return ${g.fail};`;\n  }\n  return { code, value: out };\n}\n\nfunction buildArray(ir: SchemaIR & { type: \"array\" }, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  // Length checks are pure predicates over `input.length`, so they hoist ahead\n  // of the element loop: a size mismatch bails before a single element is\n  // validated. Zod reports the per-element issue first when both fail, but the\n  // build pass produces no issues — only the sentinel — and the deferred walk\n  // that does produce them keeps zod's order.\n  let sizes = \"\";\n  const refines: RefineEffectCheckIR[] = [];\n  for (const check of ir.checks) {\n    switch (check.kind) {\n      case \"min_length\":\n        sizes += `if(${input}.length<${check.minimum})return ${g.fail};`;\n        break;\n      case \"max_length\":\n        sizes += `if(${input}.length>${check.maximum})return ${g.fail};`;\n        break;\n      case \"length_equals\":\n        sizes += `if(${input}.length!==${check.length})return ${g.fail};`;\n        break;\n      case \"refine_effect\":\n        refines.push(check);\n        break;\n      default:\n        // super_refine (rewrites the value) or a check kind not modelled here.\n        return null;\n    }\n  }\n\n  const out = local(g, \"ba\");\n  const index = local(g, \"bi\");\n  const elem = local(g, \"be\");\n  const inner = build(ir.element, elem, g);\n  if (inner === null) return null;\n  let code =\n    `if(!Array.isArray(${input}))return ${g.fail};` +\n    sizes +\n    `${out}=new Array(${input}.length);` +\n    `for(${index}=0;${index}<${input}.length;${index}++){` +\n    `${elem}=${input}[${index}];${inner.code}${out}[${index}]=${inner.value};}`;\n  // `.refine()` sees the parsed payload, which for a rebuilding element is the\n  // freshly assembled array — the same value zod hands its checks.\n  for (const check of refines) {\n    code += `if(!${emitEffectCallable(g.ctx, check)}(${out}))return ${g.fail};`;\n  }\n  return { code, value: out };\n}\n\nfunction buildTuple(ir: SchemaIR & { type: \"tuple\" }, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  // Trailing-optional and rest handling shape the output length; keep those on\n  // the eager walk rather than restating the rules here.\n  if (ir.rest !== null) return null;\n  if (ir.items.some((item) => !rejectsUndefined(item))) return null;\n\n  let code = `if(!Array.isArray(${input})||${input}.length!==${ir.items.length})return ${g.fail};`;\n  const values: string[] = [];\n  for (const [index, itemIR] of ir.items.entries()) {\n    const slot = local(g, \"bt\");\n    code += `${slot}=${input}[${index}];`;\n    const inner = build(itemIR as SchemaIR, slot, g);\n    if (inner === null) return null;\n    code += inner.code;\n    values.push(inner.value);\n  }\n  const out = local(g, \"bl\");\n  code += `${out}=[${values.join(\",\")}];`;\n  return { code, value: out };\n}\n\nfunction buildRecord(ir: SchemaIR & { type: \"record\" }, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  const plainStringKey =\n    ir.keyType.type === \"string\" && ir.keyType.checks.length === 0 && ir.keyType.coerce !== true;\n  if (!plainStringKey) return null;\n\n  const out = local(g, \"br\");\n  const keyVar = local(g, \"brk\");\n  const valVar = local(g, \"brv\");\n  const inner = build(ir.valueType, valVar, g);\n  if (inner === null) return null;\n  const hop = emitRuntimeHelper(g.ctx, \"__zcHop\", ZC_HOP_DECL);\n  const code =\n    `if(typeof ${input}!==\"object\"||${input}===null||Array.isArray(${input}))return ${g.fail};` +\n    `${out}={};` +\n    `for(${keyVar} in ${input}){if(${hop}.call(${input},${keyVar})){` +\n    `${valVar}=${input}[${keyVar}];${inner.code}${out}[${keyVar}]=${inner.value};}}`;\n  return { code, value: out };\n}\n\n/**\n * `.transform(fn)`: validate the inner schema, then hand its parsed value to the\n * callback. `z.preprocess(fn, schema)` reverses those two steps: call first,\n * then validate the callback's output. Returning FAIL from the inner build\n * preserves the corresponding pipe short-circuit in either direction.\n *\n * The IR reaches here only for a synchronous single-argument callback: a\n * `ctx`-taking or async transform is extracted as a `fallback` instead\n * (see extractPipe), so there is no parse context to reproduce.\n */\nfunction buildEffect(ir: SchemaIR & { type: \"effect\" }, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  if (ir.effectKind === \"preprocess\") {\n    const value = local(g, \"bpv\");\n    const inner = build(ir.inner, value, g);\n    if (inner === null) return null;\n    return {\n      code: `${value}=${emitEffectCallable(g.ctx, ir)}(${input});${inner.code}`,\n      value: inner.value,\n    };\n  }\n\n  const inner = build(ir.inner, input, g);\n  if (inner === null) return null;\n  const out = local(g, \"bx\");\n  return {\n    code: `${inner.code}${out}=${emitEffectCallable(g.ctx, ir)}(${inner.value});`,\n    value: out,\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * A coercing and/or overwrite string (`z.coerce.string()`, `.trim()`,\n * `.toLowerCase()`, ...): coerce first, then emit checks one statement at a time\n * in DECLARATION order, interleaved with rewrites, because a rewrite is visible\n * to every check after it — `z.string().trim().min(1)` rejects `\"  \"` where\n * `z.string().min(1).trim()` accepts it. That ordering is exactly why the fast\n * path, which sorts checks cheapest-first and returns the input unchanged, has\n * to decline these.\n *\n * Only reached for a rewriting string; a non-coercing, check-only one never\n * enters the rebuild set and is validated in place by `passthrough`.\n */\nfunction buildString(ir: SchemaIR & { type: \"string\" }, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  const value = local(g, \"bs\");\n  let code =\n    ir.coerce === true\n      ? `try{${value}=String(${input});}catch(_){return ${g.fail};}`\n      : `if(typeof ${input}!==\"string\")return ${g.fail};${value}=${input};`;\n  for (const check of ir.checks) {\n    switch (check.kind) {\n      case \"overwrite_effect\":\n        code += `${value}=${emitEffectFn(g.ctx, check.source)}(${value});`;\n        break;\n      case \"refine_effect\":\n        code += `if(!${emitEffectCallable(g.ctx, check)}(${value}))return ${g.fail};`;\n        break;\n      case \"super_refine_effect\":\n        // Rewrites through zod's payload; mutatesBeyondStrip already rejects it.\n        return null;\n      default: {\n        const expr = fastStringCheck(check, value, g.ctx);\n        if (expr === null) return null; // z.url(), unknown format\n        code += `if(!(${expr}))return ${g.fail};`;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return { code, value };\n}\n\n/**\n * `z.stringbool()`: normalize once, select the declared truthy/falsy side, and\n * return the boolean directly. The ordinary Fast Path cannot host this codec\n * because its contract returns the original input by reference; the build path\n * is designed for exactly this kind of small output rewrite.\n */\nfunction buildStringBool(ir: StringBoolIR, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built {\n  let code = `if(typeof ${input}!==\"string\")return ${g.fail};`;\n  let normalized = input;\n  if (!ir.caseSensitive) {\n    normalized = local(g, \"bn\");\n    code += `${normalized}=${input}.toLowerCase();`;\n  }\n\n  const out = local(g, \"bb\");\n  if (stringBoolUsesInline(ir)) {\n    const membership = (values: readonly string[]): string =>\n      values.map((value) => `${normalized}===${escapeString(value)}`).join(\"||\");\n    code +=\n      `if(${membership(ir.truthy)}){${out}=true;}` +\n      `else if(${membership(ir.falsy)}){${out}=false;}` +\n      `else{return ${g.fail};}`;\n  } else {\n    const lookup = emitStringBoolMap(ir, g.ctx);\n    code += `${out}=${lookup}.get(${normalized});if(${out}===undefined)return ${g.fail};`;\n  }\n  return { code, value: out };\n}\n\n/** Primitive nodes whose `coerce` flag rewrites their output before checks run. */\ntype CoercedPrimitiveIR = Extract<SchemaIR, { type: \"number\" | \"boolean\" | \"bigint\" | \"date\" }>;\n\n/**\n * Coerce once into a local, then reuse the ordinary Fast Path as the acceptance\n * predicate over the converted value. 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+{"version":3,"file":"build-path.js","names":[],"sources":["../../../src/core/codegen/build-path.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * Build Path: one uninstrumented pass that VALIDATES and BUILDS rewritten\n * output together, abandoning the whole parse at the first failing check.\n *\n * `z.object()` strips unknown keys, so a successful parse cannot return the\n * input by reference — it must produce a fresh object. That rules out the Fast\n * Path (whose contract is `data === input`), and before this the only remaining\n * option was the eager slow walk: a fully instrumented traversal that collects\n * issues on every parse, valid or not.\n *\n * Two passes are wasteful in either direction. Validating first and building\n * afterwards reads every property twice (measured 29.7 ns vs 21.6 for the slow\n * walk on a 6-field object). Building with issue collection pays the\n * instrumentation even when nothing fails. Doing both in ONE pass, with a\n * sentinel instead of an issues array, beats both — and a failure costs only\n * the checks up to the first bad one, because the issue-producing walk is\n * deferred into `.error` exactly as `__zcFinD` does for mutation-free schemas:\n *\n *              object clean   object invalid   array(8) invalid\n *   slow walk       21.6 ns         30.4 ns           197.5 ns\n *   build path      18.1 ns          7.7 ns             9.8 ns\n *\n * A subtree that rebuilds nothing is validated with its existing Fast Path\n * expression and passed through by reference, so only nodes that genuinely\n * produce a new value need code here; anything else returns null and keeps the\n * eager walk.\n *\n * Coverage is what decides whether this pass is reached at all, because it is\n * all-or-nothing per schema: ONE unmodelled node anywhere in the tree costs the\n * whole schema its single-pass parse. Modelled, beyond the stripping containers\n * this started with: array size checks and `.refine()`, object-level `.refine()`,\n * `.default()` substitution, ordered string rewrites (`.trim()`,\n * `.toLowerCase()`), sync `.transform()`, `z.stringbool()`, and the five native\n * coercions (`string`, `number`, `boolean`, `bigint`, `date`). Still declined, via\n * {@link mutatesBeyondStrip} — `.catch()` (its callback wants the inner schema's\n * issue list, which this pass never builds), `z.url()`, and `superRefine`.\n */\n\nimport type { ObjectIR, RefineEffectCheckIR, SchemaIR, StringBoolIR } from \"../types.js\";\nimport type { CodeGenContext, FastScope } from \"./context.js\";\nimport {\n  declareFastTemps,\n  emitEffectCallable,\n  emitEffectFn,\n  emitRuntimeHelper,\n  emitTemp,\n  escapeString,\n  hasMutation,\n  keyMembershipTest,\n  literalToJs,\n  outputAlwaysDefined,\n  rejectsUndefined,\n} from \"./context.js\";\nimport { createFastGen, generateFast } from \"./fast-path.js\";\nimport { EXTRACT_CAP, estimateFastCost, MIN_EXTRACT, predictedInlineSize } from \"./fast-size.js\";\nimport { ZC_HOP_DECL, ZC_PLAIN_DECL } from \"./issue-decls.js\";\nimport { defaultValueExpr, needsPostInnerDefault } from \"./schemas/default.js\";\nimport { innerAppliesDefaultOnUndefined } from \"./schemas/optional.js\";\nimport { fastStringCheck } from \"./schemas/string.js\";\nimport { emitStringBoolMap, stringBoolUsesInline } from \"./schemas/string-bool.js\";\n\n/** Statements that leave the built value in `value`, or `return <FAIL>` on failure. */\ninterface Built {\n  code: string;\n  value: string;\n}\n\ninterface BuildGen {\n  ctx: CodeGenContext;\n  /** Identifier of the per-validator FAIL sentinel. */\n  fail: string;\n  /** `var` temps and running emitted size of the function being assembled. */\n  scope: FastScope;\n  /**\n   * May THIS node be hosted in its own function? False for the node a hosted\n   * build was created for — it already IS that function, so re-hosting it would\n   * recurse forever. Children are always extractable, letting an oversized\n   * helper split further.\n   */\n  extractable: boolean;\n  /** Nodes of the root schema that rebuild (see rebuildSet). */\n  rebuilds: ReadonlySet<SchemaIR>;\n}\n\n/**\n * Which nodes of `root` produce a value that is not their input — a stripping\n * object, coercion, codec, default, overwrite or transform, including\n * containers that contain one. Everything else can be validated in place and\n * passed through, which is what keeps this generator small.\n *\n * Computed as a fixpoint rather than a plain walk because of recursion: a\n * `recursiveRef` is a back-edge with no children, so a local walk reads false\n * for it and would pass the whole recursive subtree through by reference —\n * leaving every nested value unstripped while the outermost one was rebuilt.\n * Resolving the ref against its target closes the cycle, and iterating to a\n * fixpoint settles the mutual dependency between the two.\n */\nfunction rebuildSet(root: SchemaIR): ReadonlySet<SchemaIR> {\n  const targets = new Map<number, SchemaIR>([[0, root]]);\n  const nodes: SchemaIR[] = [];\n  const seen = new Set<SchemaIR>();\n  const collect = (node: SchemaIR): void => {\n    if (seen.has(node)) return;\n    seen.add(node);\n    nodes.push(node);\n    if (node.type === \"recursionTarget\") targets.set(node.refId, node.inner);\n    for (const child of children(node)) collect(child);\n  };\n  collect(root);\n\n  const rebuilds = new Set<SchemaIR>();\n  for (let changed = true; changed;) {\n    changed = false;\n    for (const node of nodes) {\n      if (rebuilds.has(node)) continue;\n      const target = node.type === \"recursiveRef\" ? targets.get(node.refId ?? 0) : undefined;\n      const rebuild =\n        (node.type === \"object\" && node.stripUnknownKeys === true) ||\n        // `.default()` substitutes its own value for `undefined`, so its output\n        // is not its input even when the inner schema passes through — it must\n        // never be handed to `passthrough`, whose fast check would reject the\n        // absent value outright.\n        node.type === \"default\" ||\n        // `z.stringbool()` replaces its accepted string with a boolean.\n        node.type === \"stringBool\" ||\n        // An overwrite effect (`.trim()`, `.toLowerCase()`) rewrites the string,\n        // so the node's output is a new value: it has to be BUILT rather than\n        // validated in place (see buildString).\n        (node.type === \"string\" &&\n          (node.coerce === true || node.checks.some((c) => c.kind === \"overwrite_effect\"))) ||\n        ((node.type === \"number\" ||\n          node.type === \"boolean\" ||\n          node.type === \"bigint\" ||\n          node.type === \"date\") &&\n          node.coerce === true) ||\n        // `.transform(fn)` replaces the value with the callback's result.\n        node.type === \"effect\" ||\n        (target !== undefined && rebuilds.has(target)) ||\n        children(node).some((child) => rebuilds.has(child));\n      if (rebuild) {\n        rebuilds.add(node);\n        changed = true;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return rebuilds;\n}\n\n/** Does `ir`, taken as a whole schema, produce a value that is not its input? */\nexport function rebuildsOutput(ir: SchemaIR): boolean {\n  return rebuildSet(ir).has(ir);\n}\n\n/**\n * Does a PASSING fast check prove that the parse returns its own input?\n *\n * This is the contract behind every by-reference shortcut: `safeParse`'s\n * `if(fc(input)) return {success:true,data:input}` and, through `fc` in\n * `__zcMkv`, `parse()` / `parseAsync()` / `~standard.validate()`. It is strictly\n * stronger than \"the fast check is sound\", and two things break it:\n *\n *  1. The schema REBUILDS its output. A stripping object is the common case, and\n *     it is why `z.object({ a: z.number().catch(0) })` — a strip object the\n *     build pass declines because of the `.catch()` — used to answer\n *     `parse({a: 1, b: 2})` with the UNSTRIPPED input while its own `safeParse`\n *     correctly returned `{a: 1}`.\n *\n *  2. A plain `z.union()` with a MUTATING option. The fast form is an `||` chain,\n *     which reports that SOME option accepts the input; zod returns the value\n *     produced by the FIRST option that succeeds. Those differ as soon as an\n *     earlier option would have claimed the input and rewritten it —\n *     `z.union([z.string().catch(\"c\"), z.number()])` answers `\"c\"` for every\n *     input, catch being infallible, while the chain matches `1` against the\n *     number arm and hands back `1`. A DISCRIMINATED union is exempt: its\n *     dispatch selects exactly one option, so which arm zod runs is never in\n *     doubt (and a rewriting object option is caught by (1) anyway).\n *\n * Withheld here rather than in `fastUnion` on purpose: the `||` chain is still a\n * correct VERDICT, which is all a nested conjunct or a `.is()` guard needs, so\n * declining to emit it would cost every union-of-objects its fast path (and the\n * size-gated `__fo_` split) to fix a shortcut that only the root takes.\n */\nexport function fastResultIsInput(ir: SchemaIR): boolean {\n  if (rebuildsOutput(ir)) return false;\n  const seen = new Set<SchemaIR>();\n  const ordered = (node: SchemaIR): boolean => {\n    if (seen.has(node)) return false;\n    seen.add(node);\n    if (node.type === \"union\" && node.options.some(hasMutation)) return true;\n    return children(node).some(ordered);\n  };\n  return !ordered(ir);\n}\n\n/**\n * True when the subtree mutates for any reason the build pass cannot reproduce —\n * `.catch()`, `z.url()`, `superRefine`. Those rewrite values in ways this pass\n * (which validates, coerces, decodes string booleans, substitutes declared\n * defaults, applies ordered string rewrites and copies) does not model, so the\n * schema keeps the eager walk.\n */\nfunction mutatesBeyondStrip(ir: SchemaIR): boolean {\n  return mutatesHere(ir) || children(ir).some(mutatesBeyondStrip);\n}\n\n/**\n * Does this node rewrite values on its own account (ignoring its children, and\n * ignoring the reshaping a strip object does)? Mirrors the node-local half of\n * `hasMutation`; the recursion above supplies the other half.\n */\nfunction mutatesHere(ir: SchemaIR): boolean {\n  switch (ir.type) {\n    case \"string\":\n      // Coercion and overwrite effects are absent: `buildString` applies them\n      // in order. A `z.url()` check still is not — it trims, normalizes and\n      // needs its own normalization/error semantics.\n      return (\n        superRefines(ir.checks) ||\n        ir.checks.some((c) => c.kind === \"string_format\" && c.format === \"url\")\n      );\n    case \"number\":\n      return superRefines(ir.checks);\n    case \"boolean\":\n    case \"bigint\":\n    case \"date\":\n      return false;\n    // `default` and `effect` are absent: substituting a constant for `undefined`\n    // and applying a sync transform are both modelled (see buildDefault /\n    // buildEffect), and their inners are reached through `children`.\n    //\n    // `catch` is NOT: its catchValue callback receives a ctx carrying the inner\n    // schema's collected issues, and this pass produces a sentinel instead of an\n    // issue list — there is nothing to hand it.\n    case \"catch\":\n    case \"fallback\":\n      return true;\n    case \"object\":\n    case \"array\":\n      return superRefines(ir.checks);\n    default:\n      return false;\n  }\n}\n\nfunction superRefines(checks: readonly { kind: string }[] | undefined): boolean {\n  return checks !== undefined && checks.some((c) => c.kind === \"super_refine_effect\");\n}\n\nfunction children(ir: SchemaIR): readonly SchemaIR[] {\n  switch (ir.type) {\n    case \"object\":\n      return ir.catchall\n        ? [...Object.values(ir.properties), ir.catchall]\n        : Object.values(ir.properties);\n    case \"array\":\n      return [ir.element];\n    case \"tuple\":\n      return ir.rest === null ? ir.items : [...ir.items, ir.rest];\n    case \"record\":\n    case \"map\":\n      return [ir.keyType, ir.valueType];\n    case \"set\":\n      return [ir.valueType];\n    case \"union\":\n    case \"discriminatedUnion\":\n      return ir.options;\n    case \"intersection\":\n      return [ir.left, ir.right];\n    case \"optional\":\n    case \"nullable\":\n    case \"readonly\":\n    case \"default\":\n    case \"catch\":\n    case \"effect\":\n    case \"recursionTarget\":\n    case \"zodDelegate\":\n      return [ir.inner];\n    case \"pipe\":\n      return [ir.in, ir.out];\n    default:\n      return [];\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Host the whole schema as `function NAME(input){…}` returning the built value\n * or the FAIL sentinel. Returns the function name, or null when the schema is\n * not expressible as a single build pass.\n */\nexport function generateBuild(ir: SchemaIR, ctx: CodeGenContext): string | null {\n  const rebuilds = rebuildSet(ir);\n  if (!rebuilds.has(ir) || mutatesBeyondStrip(ir)) return null;\n  const fail = emitFailSentinel(ctx);\n  const scope: FastScope = { temps: [], used: 0 };\n  const built = build(ir, \"input\", { ctx, extractable: false, fail, rebuilds, scope });\n  if (built === null) return null;\n  const name = emitTemp(ctx, \"vb\");\n  ctx.preamble.push(\n    `function ${name}(input){${declareFastTemps(scope)}${built.code}return ${built.value};}`,\n  );\n  return name;\n}\n\n/** One `{}` per validator, compared by identity — no parse output can equal it. */\nfunction emitFailSentinel(ctx: CodeGenContext): string {\n  if (ctx.buildFailName === undefined) {\n    ctx.buildFailName = `__bf_${ctx.counter++}`;\n    ctx.preamble.push(`var ${ctx.buildFailName}={};`);\n  }\n  return ctx.buildFailName;\n}\n\n/**\n * Statements producing the built value of `ir` read from `input`, or null.\n *\n * Size-gated exactly like the fast path: once inlining `ir` would push the\n * function being assembled past EXTRACT_CAP, the sub-build is hosted as its own\n * `__vb_N(p)` returning value-or-FAIL and replaced by a call. Without this a\n * deeply nested schema emits one enormous build function — measured at 113 KB\n * and 354 KB on the deep fixtures — far past the bytecode size where V8 stops\n * running TurboFan on it, which would forfeit the speed this path exists for.\n */\nfunction build(ir: SchemaIR, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  // Resolved before the passthrough shortcut below. A back-edge carries no\n  // children, so `rebuildsOutput` reads false for it — and passing it through by\n  // reference would leave every nested recursive value unstripped while the\n  // outermost one was rebuilt.\n  if (ir.type === \"recursiveRef\") return buildRecursiveCall(ir.refId ?? 0, input, g);\n  if (ir.type === \"recursionTarget\") return buildRecursionTarget(ir, input, g);\n  if (!g.rebuilds.has(ir)) return passthrough(ir, input, g);\n\n  const cache = (g.ctx.fastSizeCache ??= new WeakMap<SchemaIR, number>());\n  if (\n    g.extractable &&\n    g.scope.used + predictedInlineSize(ir, input.length, cache) > EXTRACT_CAP &&\n    (g.scope.used > EXTRACT_CAP || estimateFastCost(ir, cache) >= MIN_EXTRACT)\n  ) {\n    const hosted = hostBuild(ir, g);\n    if (hosted !== null) {\n      const slot = local(g, \"bh\");\n      const code = `${slot}=${hosted}(${input});if(${slot}===${g.fail})return ${g.fail};`;\n      g.scope.used += code.length;\n      return { code, value: slot };\n    }\n  }\n\n  // This node's extraction decision is made; its descendants get to make their\n  // own, so an oversized hosted helper keeps splitting.\n  const before = g.scope.used;\n  const out = buildInline(ir, input, { ...g, extractable: true });\n  if (out !== null) g.scope.used = before + out.code.length;\n  return out;\n}\n\n/** Host `ir`'s build in its own function over a fresh parameter; returns its name. */\nfunction hostBuild(ir: SchemaIR, g: BuildGen): string | null {\n  const param = emitTemp(g.ctx, \"bp\");\n  const scope: FastScope = { temps: [], used: 0 };\n  const inner = build(ir, param, { ...g, extractable: false, scope });\n  if (inner === null) return null;\n  const name = emitTemp(g.ctx, \"vb\");\n  g.ctx.preamble.push(\n    `function ${name}(${param}){${declareFastTemps(scope)}${inner.code}return ${inner.value};}`,\n  );\n  return name;\n}\n\nfunction buildInline(ir: SchemaIR, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  switch (ir.type) {\n    case \"object\":\n      return buildObject(ir, input, g);\n    case \"array\":\n      return buildArray(ir, input, g);\n    case \"tuple\":\n      return buildTuple(ir, input, g);\n    case \"record\":\n      return buildRecord(ir, input, g);\n    case \"optional\":\n      // A default further down the chain consumes undefined into a value, so\n      // the `undefined → undefined` shortcut must not fire — same rule (and\n      // same helper) the slow and fast paths already apply.\n      return innerAppliesDefaultOnUndefined(ir.inner)\n        ? build(ir.inner, input, g)\n        : buildSentinel(ir.inner, input, g, \"===undefined\", \"undefined\");\n    case \"nullable\":\n      // `null` short-circuits unconditionally in zod, whatever the inner is;\n      // undefined flows through, so an inner default still fires.\n      return buildSentinel(ir.inner, input, g, \"===null\", \"null\");\n    case \"default\":\n      return buildDefault(ir, input, g);\n    case \"string\":\n      return buildString(ir, input, g);\n    case \"stringBool\":\n      return buildStringBool(ir, input, g);\n    case \"number\":\n    case \"boolean\":\n    case \"bigint\":\n    case \"date\":\n      return buildCoercedPrimitive(ir, input, g);\n    case \"effect\":\n      return buildEffect(ir, input, g);\n    case \"readonly\":\n      return build(ir.inner, input, g);\n    case \"zodDelegate\":\n      return build(ir.inner, input, g);\n    case \"union\":\n      return buildUnion(ir, input, g);\n    case \"discriminatedUnion\":\n      return buildDiscriminatedUnion(ir, input, g);\n    default:\n      // A rebuilding intersection, map or set: expressible in principle, but\n      // each needs its own output-shaping rules, so they keep the eager walk\n      // until there is a measured reason to add them.\n      return null;\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Host the target's build once under a name registered BEFORE its body is\n * generated, so the back-edges inside that body resolve to it.\n */\nfunction buildRecursionTarget(\n  ir: SchemaIR & { type: \"recursionTarget\" },\n  input: string,\n  g: BuildGen,\n): Built | null {\n  const table = (g.ctx.buildRecNames ??= new Map<number, string>());\n  if (!table.has(ir.refId)) {\n    const name = emitTemp(g.ctx, \"vbr\");\n    table.set(ir.refId, name);\n    const param = emitTemp(g.ctx, \"bp\");\n    const scope: FastScope = { temps: [], used: 0 };\n    const inner = build(ir.inner, param, { ...g, extractable: false, scope });\n    if (inner === null) {\n      table.delete(ir.refId);\n      return null;\n    }\n    g.ctx.preamble.push(\n      `function ${name}(${param}){${declareFastTemps(scope)}${inner.code}return ${inner.value};}`,\n    );\n  }\n  return buildRecursiveCall(ir.refId, input, g);\n}\n\n/** Call the hosted build for a recursion target, propagating its FAIL. */\nfunction buildRecursiveCall(refId: number, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  const name = g.ctx.buildRecNames?.get(refId);\n  if (name === undefined) return null;\n  const slot = local(g, \"bh\");\n  return {\n    code: `${slot}=${name}(${input});if(${slot}===${g.fail})return ${g.fail};`,\n    value: slot,\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Try each option in declaration order and take the first that builds — which\n * is what zod's union does with the first option that parses.\n *\n * Every option is HOSTED rather than inlined, and that is load-bearing: a\n * failing build signals with `return FAIL`, which inside the enclosing function\n * would abandon the whole parse instead of moving on to the next option. Behind\n * a call, the same signal is just a value to test.\n *\n * PLAIN unions only. A discriminated union must not reach here: zod resolves it\n * by dispatch, not by probing, and the two disagree — see\n * {@link buildDiscriminatedUnion}.\n */\nfunction buildUnion(ir: SchemaIR & { type: \"union\" }, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  const hosted: string[] = [];\n  for (const option of ir.options) {\n    const fn = g.rebuilds.has(option) ? hostBuild(option, g) : hostPassthrough(option, g);\n    if (fn === null) return null;\n    hosted.push(fn);\n  }\n  if (hosted.length === 0) return null;\n\n  const out = local(g, \"bu\");\n  let code = `${out}=${hosted[0] as string}(${input});`;\n  for (const fn of hosted.slice(1)) {\n    code += `if(${out}===${g.fail}){${out}=${fn}(${input});}`;\n  }\n  code += `if(${out}===${g.fail})return ${g.fail};`;\n  return { code, value: out };\n}\n\n/**\n * Dispatch on the discriminator and build ONLY the option that value selects,\n * failing outright when it selects none — mirroring zod, which resolves the\n * option through a `discriminator value → option` map built from each option's\n * `propValues` and pushes `invalid_union` (\"No matching discriminator\") without\n * ever running an option's parse when the lookup misses.\n *\n * Probing the options in order like {@link buildUnion} does is NOT equivalent,\n * because an option can accept more than its own dispatch values. A wrapper that\n * substitutes a value contributes only the value it wraps to `propValues` while\n * its parse also accepts the input it substitutes FOR:\n * `z.literal(\"a\").default(\"a\")` dispatches on `\"a\"` alone yet parses a MISSING\n * discriminator, so sequential probing accepted `{v:\"x\"}` — output `{t:\"a\",v:\"x\"}`\n * — where zod rejects it. `.prefault()` and `.catch()` have the same shape, and\n * only escape it because neither reaches this pass today (a prefaulted schema\n * delegates to zod wholesale, and `.catch()` is refused by\n * {@link mutatesBeyondStrip}); a `.default()` is exactly what pulls the build\n * path in. The switch cannot drift that way: the dispatch table IS zod's, so an\n * unlisted discriminator reaches `default:` and fails, whatever the options\n * would have accepted on their own.\n *\n * The reverse — rejecting what zod accepts — is why `.optional()`/`.nullable()`\n * discriminators stay compiled rather than being refused here: their\n * `undefined`/`null` are in `propValues`, so they arrive as ordinary cases.\n *\n * Object-ness is proved BEFORE the discriminator is read, both because zod\n * rejects a non-object with its own `invalid_type` ahead of the lookup and\n * because the property read would throw on `null`/`undefined`.\n */\nfunction buildDiscriminatedUnion(\n  ir: SchemaIR & { type: \"discriminatedUnion\" },\n  input: string,\n  g: BuildGen,\n): Built | null {\n  const out = local(g, \"bd\");\n  // One hosted build per REACHABLE option, keyed by option index: a multi-value\n  // literal (`z.literal([\"a\",\"c\"])`) contributes several cases selecting the\n  // same option, and they share the one function rather than emitting it twice.\n  const hostedByOption = new Map<number, string>();\n  let arms = \"\";\n  for (const { value, option: index } of ir.cases) {\n    let fn = hostedByOption.get(index);\n    if (fn === undefined) {\n      const option = ir.options[index];\n      if (option === undefined) return null;\n      const hosted = g.rebuilds.has(option) ? hostBuild(option, g) : hostPassthrough(option, g);\n      if (hosted === null) return null;\n      fn = hosted;\n      hostedByOption.set(index, fn);\n    }\n    arms += `case ${literalToJs(value)}:${out}=${fn}(${input});break;`;\n  }\n  if (arms === \"\") return null;\n\n  return {\n    code:\n      `if(typeof ${input}!==\"object\"||${input}===null||Array.isArray(${input}))return ${g.fail};` +\n      `switch(${input}[${escapeString(ir.discriminator)}]){${arms}default:return ${g.fail};}` +\n      `if(${out}===${g.fail})return ${g.fail};`,\n    value: out,\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Host a non-rebuilding option as `value-or-FAIL`, so a union can probe it with\n * the same protocol as a rebuilding one.\n */\nfunction hostPassthrough(ir: SchemaIR, g: BuildGen): string | null {\n  const param = emitTemp(g.ctx, \"bp\");\n  const scope: FastScope = { temps: [], used: 0 };\n  const expr = generateFast(ir, createFastGen(param, g.ctx, true, scope));\n  if (expr === null) return null;\n  const name = emitTemp(g.ctx, \"vp\");\n  g.ctx.preamble.push(\n    `function ${name}(${param}){${declareFastTemps(scope)}return ${expr === \"true\" ? param : `(${expr})?${param}:${g.fail}`};}`,\n  );\n  return name;\n}\n\n/** Validate in place with the Fast Path and hand the input straight back. */\nfunction passthrough(ir: SchemaIR, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  const scoped = createFastGen(input, g.ctx, true, g.scope);\n  const expr = generateFast(ir, scoped);\n  if (expr === null) return null;\n  return { code: expr === \"true\" ? \"\" : `if(!(${expr}))return ${g.fail};`, value: input };\n}\n\n/**\n * Rebuild from the declared keys. Sound for a stripping object (that IS the\n * output) and for a strict one (unknown keys are rejected, so the declared keys\n * are the whole key set). A loose object or one with a `.catchall()` keeps keys\n * this pass does not enumerate, so those bail.\n */\nfunction buildObject(ir: ObjectIR, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  if (ir.catchall !== undefined) return null;\n  if (ir.stripUnknownKeys !== true && ir.strict !== true) return null;\n  if (ir.suppressAbsentKeys !== undefined && ir.suppressAbsentKeys.length > 0) return null;\n  // Object-level `.refine()` runs on the assembled output (below). superRefine\n  // rewrites the payload, which this pass does not model — mutatesBeyondStrip\n  // already rejects it, so this is a belt-and-braces narrowing of the type.\n  const refines = ir.checks ?? [];\n  if (refines.some((check) => check.kind !== \"refine_effect\")) return null;\n\n  let code = `if(typeof ${input}!==\"object\"||${input}===null||Array.isArray(${input}))return ${g.fail};`;\n\n  if (ir.strict === true) {\n    const keyVar = local(g, \"bk\");\n    code += `for(${keyVar} in ${input}){if(!(${keyMembershipTest(g.ctx, Object.keys(ir.properties), keyVar)}))return ${g.fail};}`;\n  }\n\n  const slots: { always: boolean; keyStr: string; value: string }[] = [];\n  for (const [key, propIR] of Object.entries(ir.properties)) {\n    const keyStr = escapeString(key);\n    const slot = local(g, \"bv\");\n    code += `${slot}=${input}[${keyStr}];`;\n    const propBuilt = build(propIR, slot, g);\n    if (propBuilt === null) return null;\n    code += propBuilt.code;\n    slots.push({ always: outputAlwaysDefined(propIR), keyStr, value: propBuilt.value });\n  }\n\n  // Same assembly the eager strip walk uses: the longest LEADING run of\n  // always-present keys goes into one object literal (V8 stamps it from a\n  // cached boilerplate map in a single allocation), and everything after the\n  // first conditional key is appended so insertion order still matches zod.\n  // The per-key test is zod's own — keep the key when the parsed value is\n  // defined, or when it was present on the input at all.\n  const out = local(g, \"bo\");\n  const literal: string[] = [];\n  let appends = \"\";\n  let leading = true;\n  for (const slot of slots) {\n    if (leading && slot.always) {\n      literal.push(`${slot.keyStr}:${slot.value}`);\n      continue;\n    }\n    leading = false;\n    appends += slot.always\n      ? `${out}[${slot.keyStr}]=${slot.value};`\n      : `if(${slot.value}!==undefined||(${slot.keyStr} in ${input})){${out}[${slot.keyStr}]=${slot.value};}`;\n  }\n  code += `${out}={${literal.join(\",\")}};${appends}`;\n  // Zod parses the properties into the payload first and skips the check chain\n  // when that produced issues, so a bad property suppresses the refine — which\n  // this pass gets for free, having already returned FAIL at that property.\n  for (const check of refines) {\n    code += `if(!${emitEffectCallable(g.ctx, check as RefineEffectCheckIR)}(${out}))return ${g.fail};`;\n  }\n  return { code, value: out };\n}\n\nfunction buildArray(ir: SchemaIR & { type: \"array\" }, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  // Length checks are pure predicates over `input.length`, so they hoist ahead\n  // of the element loop: a size mismatch bails before a single element is\n  // validated. Zod reports the per-element issue first when both fail, but the\n  // build pass produces no issues — only the sentinel — and the deferred walk\n  // that does produce them keeps zod's order.\n  let sizes = \"\";\n  const refines: RefineEffectCheckIR[] = [];\n  for (const check of ir.checks) {\n    switch (check.kind) {\n      case \"min_length\":\n        sizes += `if(${input}.length<${check.minimum})return ${g.fail};`;\n        break;\n      case \"max_length\":\n        sizes += `if(${input}.length>${check.maximum})return ${g.fail};`;\n        break;\n      case \"length_equals\":\n        sizes += `if(${input}.length!==${check.length})return ${g.fail};`;\n        break;\n      case \"refine_effect\":\n        refines.push(check);\n        break;\n      default:\n        // super_refine (rewrites the value) or a check kind not modelled here.\n        return null;\n    }\n  }\n\n  const out = local(g, \"ba\");\n  const index = local(g, \"bi\");\n  const elem = local(g, \"be\");\n  const inner = build(ir.element, elem, g);\n  if (inner === null) return null;\n  let code =\n    `if(!Array.isArray(${input}))return ${g.fail};` +\n    sizes +\n    `${out}=new Array(${input}.length);` +\n    `for(${index}=0;${index}<${input}.length;${index}++){` +\n    `${elem}=${input}[${index}];${inner.code}${out}[${index}]=${inner.value};}`;\n  // `.refine()` sees the parsed payload, which for a rebuilding element is the\n  // freshly assembled array — the same value zod hands its checks.\n  for (const check of refines) {\n    code += `if(!${emitEffectCallable(g.ctx, check)}(${out}))return ${g.fail};`;\n  }\n  return { code, value: out };\n}\n\nfunction buildTuple(ir: SchemaIR & { type: \"tuple\" }, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  // Trailing-optional and rest handling shape the output length; keep those on\n  // the eager walk rather than restating the rules here.\n  if (ir.rest !== null) return null;\n  if (ir.items.some((item) => !rejectsUndefined(item))) return null;\n\n  let code = `if(!Array.isArray(${input})||${input}.length!==${ir.items.length})return ${g.fail};`;\n  const values: string[] = [];\n  for (const [index, itemIR] of ir.items.entries()) {\n    const slot = local(g, \"bt\");\n    code += `${slot}=${input}[${index}];`;\n    const inner = build(itemIR as SchemaIR, slot, g);\n    if (inner === null) return null;\n    code += inner.code;\n    values.push(inner.value);\n  }\n  const out = local(g, \"bl\");\n  code += `${out}=[${values.join(\",\")}];`;\n  return { code, value: out };\n}\n\nfunction buildRecord(ir: SchemaIR & { type: \"record\" }, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  const plainStringKey =\n    ir.keyType.type === \"string\" && ir.keyType.checks.length === 0 && ir.keyType.coerce !== true;\n  if (!plainStringKey) return null;\n\n  const out = local(g, \"br\");\n  const keyVar = local(g, \"brk\");\n  const valVar = local(g, \"brv\");\n  const inner = build(ir.valueType, valVar, g);\n  if (inner === null) return null;\n  const hop = emitRuntimeHelper(g.ctx, \"__zcHop\", ZC_HOP_DECL);\n  // `$ZodRecord` gates on `util.isPlainObject`, not the `util.isObject` the\n  // object/discriminated-union builds above use — see ZC_PLAIN_DECL. And it\n  // skips `__proto__` outright: here that guard is load-bearing twice over,\n  // since `out[key]=value` for that key would not add a property at all but\n  // REDEFINE the built object's prototype.\n  const plain = emitRuntimeHelper(g.ctx, \"__zcPlain\", ZC_PLAIN_DECL);\n  const code =\n    `if(!${plain}(${input}))return ${g.fail};` +\n    `${out}={};` +\n    `for(${keyVar} in ${input}){if(${keyVar}!==\"__proto__\"&&${hop}.call(${input},${keyVar})){` +\n    `${valVar}=${input}[${keyVar}];${inner.code}${out}[${keyVar}]=${inner.value};}}`;\n  return { code, value: out };\n}\n\n/**\n * `.transform(fn)`: validate the inner schema, then hand its parsed value to the\n * callback. `z.preprocess(fn, schema)` reverses those two steps: call first,\n * then validate the callback's output. Returning FAIL from the inner build\n * preserves the corresponding pipe short-circuit in either direction.\n *\n * The IR reaches here only for a synchronous single-argument callback: a\n * `ctx`-taking or async transform is extracted as a `fallback` instead\n * (see extractPipe), so there is no parse context to reproduce.\n */\nfunction buildEffect(ir: SchemaIR & { type: \"effect\" }, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  if (ir.effectKind === \"preprocess\") {\n    const value = local(g, \"bpv\");\n    const inner = build(ir.inner, value, g);\n    if (inner === null) return null;\n    return {\n      code: `${value}=${emitEffectCallable(g.ctx, ir)}(${input});${inner.code}`,\n      value: inner.value,\n    };\n  }\n\n  const inner = build(ir.inner, input, g);\n  if (inner === null) return null;\n  const out = local(g, \"bx\");\n  return {\n    code: `${inner.code}${out}=${emitEffectCallable(g.ctx, ir)}(${inner.value});`,\n    value: out,\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * A coercing and/or overwrite string (`z.coerce.string()`, `.trim()`,\n * `.toLowerCase()`, ...): coerce first, then emit checks one statement at a time\n * in DECLARATION order, interleaved with rewrites, because a rewrite is visible\n * to every check after it — `z.string().trim().min(1)` rejects `\"  \"` where\n * `z.string().min(1).trim()` accepts it. That ordering is exactly why the fast\n * path, which sorts checks cheapest-first and returns the input unchanged, has\n * to decline these.\n *\n * Only reached for a rewriting string; a non-coercing, check-only one never\n * enters the rebuild set and is validated in place by `passthrough`.\n */\nfunction buildString(ir: SchemaIR & { type: \"string\" }, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  const value = local(g, \"bs\");\n  let code =\n    ir.coerce === true\n      ? `try{${value}=String(${input});}catch(_){return ${g.fail};}`\n      : `if(typeof ${input}!==\"string\")return ${g.fail};${value}=${input};`;\n  for (const check of ir.checks) {\n    switch (check.kind) {\n      case \"overwrite_effect\":\n        code += `${value}=${emitEffectFn(g.ctx, check.source)}(${value});`;\n        break;\n      case \"refine_effect\":\n        code += `if(!${emitEffectCallable(g.ctx, check)}(${value}))return ${g.fail};`;\n        break;\n      case \"super_refine_effect\":\n        // Rewrites through zod's payload; mutatesBeyondStrip already rejects it.\n        return null;\n      default: {\n        const expr = fastStringCheck(check, value, g.ctx);\n        if (expr === null) return null; // z.url(), unknown format\n        code += `if(!(${expr}))return ${g.fail};`;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return { code, value };\n}\n\n/**\n * `z.stringbool()`: normalize once, select the declared truthy/falsy side, and\n * return the boolean directly. The ordinary Fast Path cannot host this codec\n * because its contract returns the original input by reference; the build path\n * is designed for exactly this kind of small output rewrite.\n */\nfunction buildStringBool(ir: StringBoolIR, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built {\n  let code = `if(typeof ${input}!==\"string\")return ${g.fail};`;\n  let normalized = input;\n  if (!ir.caseSensitive) {\n    normalized = local(g, \"bn\");\n    code += `${normalized}=${input}.toLowerCase();`;\n  }\n\n  const out = local(g, \"bb\");\n  if (stringBoolUsesInline(ir)) {\n    const membership = (values: readonly string[]): string =>\n      values.map((value) => `${normalized}===${escapeString(value)}`).join(\"||\");\n    code +=\n      `if(${membership(ir.truthy)}){${out}=true;}` +\n      `else if(${membership(ir.falsy)}){${out}=false;}` +\n      `else{return ${g.fail};}`;\n  } else {\n    const lookup = emitStringBoolMap(ir, g.ctx);\n    code += `${out}=${lookup}.get(${normalized});if(${out}===undefined)return ${g.fail};`;\n  }\n  return { code, value: out };\n}\n\n/** Primitive nodes whose `coerce` flag rewrites their output before checks run. */\ntype CoercedPrimitiveIR = Extract<SchemaIR, { type: \"number\" | \"boolean\" | \"bigint\" | \"date\" }>;\n\n/**\n * Coerce once into a local, then reuse the ordinary Fast Path as the acceptance\n * predicate over the converted value. The build path only needs a verdict on\n * its hot pass; if it fails, the existing deferred slow walk reruns the original\n * coercing schema and produces Zod-identical issues.\n *\n * Number/BigInt/Date conversion can invoke user hooks and throw. Zod catches\n * those throws and reports invalid_type, so the sentinel branch does the same\n * without allocating an issue. Boolean never invokes conversion hooks.\n */\nfunction buildCoercedPrimitive(ir: CoercedPrimitiveIR, input: string, g: BuildGen): Built | null {\n  if (ir.coerce !== true) return null;\n  const value = local(g, \"bc\");\n  let conversion: string;\n  switch (ir.type) {\n    case \"number\":\n      conversion = `Number(${input})`;\n      break;\n    case \"boolean\":\n      conversion = `Boolean(${input})`;\n      break;\n    case \"bigint\":\n      conversion = `BigInt(${input})`;\n      break;\n    case \"date\":\n      conversion = `new Date(${input})`;\n      break;\n  }\n\n  // A fresh shallow node is intentional: only the coerce flag changes. The\n  // existing primitive generator remains the single source of truth for every\n  // range, format, refine and finite/valid-date check.\n  const predicate = generateFast(\n    { ...ir, coerce: false },\n    createFastGen(value, g.ctx, true, g.scope),\n  );\n  if (predicate === null) return null;\n\n  const assign = `${value}=${conversion};`;\n  const code = ir.type === \"boolean\" ? assign : `try{${assign}}catch(_){return ${g.fail};}`;\n  return {\n    code: code + (predicate === \"true\" ? \"\" : `if(!(${predicate}))return ${g.fail};`),\n    value,\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * `.default(v)`: `undefined` yields the declared value without running the\n * inner schema, anything else parses normally — the same two branches\n * `slowDefault` emits, reading the value off the retained schema so a\n * reference-typed default keeps zod's identity (one shared object, not a copy).\n *\n * The substituted value is not validated, so it makes the fast path a PARTIAL\n * predicate (`fc(undefined)` is false where the schema accepts) — which is why\n * this records {@link CodeGenContext.buildSubstitutesValue}, on which\n * `generateValidator` withholds `.is()`.\n */\nfunction buildDefault(\n  ir: SchemaIR & { type: \"default\" },\n  input: string,\n  g: BuildGen,\n): Built | null {\n  const inner = build(ir.inner, input, g);\n  if (inner === null) return null;\n  // Every `default` node is in the rebuild set, so it is always BUILT and never\n  // passed through — which makes this flag an exact record of whether the\n  // finished pass substitutes a value.\n  g.ctx.buildSubstitutesValue = true;\n  const out = local(g, \"bq\");\n  const value = defaultValueExpr(ir);\n  // Zod re-applies the default when the inner returns undefined for a defined\n  // input; only emitted when the inner can actually do that.\n  const reapply = needsPostInnerDefault(ir) ? `if(${out}===undefined){${out}=${value};}` : \"\";\n  return {\n    code:\n      `if(${input}===undefined){${out}=${value};}` +\n      `else{${inner.code}${out}=${inner.value};${reapply}}`,\n    value: out,\n  };\n}\n\n/** `optional` / `nullable` around a rebuilding inner: pass the sentinel through. */\nfunction buildSentinel(\n  innerIR: SchemaIR,\n  input: string,\n  g: BuildGen,\n  test: string,\n  sentinel: string,\n): Built | null {\n  const inner = build(innerIR, input, g);\n  if (inner === null) return null;\n  const out = local(g, \"bw\");\n  return {\n    code: `if(${input}${test}){${out}=${sentinel};}else{${inner.code}${out}=${inner.value};}`,\n    value: out,\n  };\n}\n\n/** Allocate a `var` the hosted build function declares. */\nfunction local(g: BuildGen, prefix: string): string {\n  const name = emitTemp(g.ctx, prefix);\n  g.scope.temps.push(name);\n  return 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package/dist/core/codegen/context.d.ts

@@ -440,6 +440,22 @@ declare function extendStaticPathIndex(parentPath: string, index: number): strin
  * input), by generateValidator to keep such schemas off the by-reference fast
  * path, and by the shared-walk dedup + intersection extractor to exclude them.
  */
+/**
+ * Can this tuple's output be LONGER than its input?
+ *
+ * `handleTupleResult` assigns `final.value[i] = result.value` for every item it
+ * runs, and $ZodTuple runs every item below `optStart` even when the input is
+ * shorter — so a required slot past the end is written with the `undefined` its
+ * schema returned, extending the array. `z.tuple([z.any(), z.any()])` therefore
+ * answers `["x"]` with `["x", undefined]`, length 2. A required item that
+ * REJECTS undefined can't produce that: the parse fails and the value is never
+ * read. So the extension is possible exactly when some required item accepts
+ * `undefined` — which also makes the tuple a mutating node, since its output is
+ * then not its input.
+ */
+declare function tuplePadsShortInput(ir: SchemaIR & {
+  type: "tuple";
+}): boolean;
 declare function hasMutation(ir: SchemaIR): boolean;
 /**
  * Is a defaulted property's key guaranteed to appear in the stripped output?
@@ -470,5 +486,5 @@ declare function rejectsUndefined(ir: SchemaIR): boolean;
  */
 declare function checkPriority(a: CheckIR | BigIntCheckIR | DateCheckIR | SetCheckIR, b: CheckIR | BigIntCheckIR | DateCheckIR | SetCheckIR): number;
 //#endregion
-export { CodeGenContext, CodeGenResult, CodegenMode, ENUM_INLINE_THRESHOLD, FastGen, FastGenerator, FastScope, KEY_MEMBERSHIP_INLINE_THRESHOLD, RecTargetGen, SlowGen, SlowGenerator, SourceFormLiteral, checkPriority, declareFastTemps, emitConstant, emitEffectCallable, emitEffectFn, emitRegex, emitRegexSourceString, emitRfDelegate, emitRuntimeHelper, emitSet, emitTemp, escapeString, extendPath, extendStaticPath, extendStaticPathIndex, fastSentinelWrapper, hasMutation, hasSourceForm, keyMembershipTest, literalToJs, outputAlwaysDefined, rejectsUndefined };
+export { CodeGenContext, CodeGenResult, CodegenMode, ENUM_INLINE_THRESHOLD, FastGen, FastGenerator, FastScope, KEY_MEMBERSHIP_INLINE_THRESHOLD, RecTargetGen, SlowGen, SlowGenerator, SourceFormLiteral, checkPriority, declareFastTemps, emitConstant, emitEffectCallable, emitEffectFn, emitRegex, emitRegexSourceString, emitRfDelegate, emitRuntimeHelper, emitSet, emitTemp, escapeString, extendPath, extendStaticPath, extendStaticPathIndex, fastSentinelWrapper, hasMutation, hasSourceForm, keyMembershipTest, literalToJs, outputAlwaysDefined, rejectsUndefined, tuplePadsShortInput };
 //# sourceMappingURL=context.d.ts.map

package/dist/core/codegen/context.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/core/codegen/context.js

@@ -340,6 +340,22 @@ function hasSuperRefine(checks) {
 * input), by generateValidator to keep such schemas off the by-reference fast
 * path, and by the shared-walk dedup + intersection extractor to exclude them.
 */
+/**
+* Can this tuple's output be LONGER than its input?
+*
+* `handleTupleResult` assigns `final.value[i] = result.value` for every item it
+* runs, and $ZodTuple runs every item below `optStart` even when the input is
+* shorter — so a required slot past the end is written with the `undefined` its
+* schema returned, extending the array. `z.tuple([z.any(), z.any()])` therefore
+* answers `["x"]` with `["x", undefined]`, length 2. A required item that
+* REJECTS undefined can't produce that: the parse fails and the value is never
+* read. So the extension is possible exactly when some required item accepts
+* `undefined` — which also makes the tuple a mutating node, since its output is
+* then not its input.
+*/
+function tuplePadsShortInput(ir) {
+	return ir.items.some((item, index) => index < ir.optStart && !rejectsUndefined(item));
+}
 function hasMutation(ir) {
 	switch (ir.type) {
 		case "string": return ir.coerce === true || hasSuperRefine(ir.checks) || ir.checks.some((c) => c.kind === "overwrite_effect" || c.kind === "string_format" && c.format === "url");
@@ -354,7 +370,7 @@ function hasMutation(ir) {
 		case "stringBool": return true;
 		case "object": return ir.stripUnknownKeys === true || hasSuperRefine(ir.checks) || ir.catchall !== void 0 && hasMutation(ir.catchall) || Object.values(ir.properties).some((p) => hasMutation(p));
 		case "array": return hasSuperRefine(ir.checks) || hasMutation(ir.element);
-		case "tuple": return ir.items.some(hasMutation) || ir.rest !== null && hasMutation(ir.rest);
+		case "tuple": return ir.items.some(hasMutation) || ir.rest !== null && hasMutation(ir.rest) || tuplePadsShortInput(ir);
 		case "record": return hasMutation(ir.valueType);
 		case "optional":
 		case "nullable":
@@ -435,6 +451,6 @@ function checkPriority(a, b) {
 	return (CHECK_PRIORITY[a.kind] ?? 99) - (CHECK_PRIORITY[b.kind] ?? 99);
 }
 //#endregion
-export { ENUM_INLINE_THRESHOLD, KEY_MEMBERSHIP_INLINE_THRESHOLD, checkPriority, declareFastTemps, emitConstant, emitEffectCallable, emitEffectFn, emitRegex, emitRegexSourceString, emitRfDelegate, emitRuntimeHelper, emitSet, emitTemp, escapeString, extendPath, extendStaticPath, extendStaticPathIndex, fastSentinelWrapper, hasMutation, hasSourceForm, keyMembershipTest, literalToJs, outputAlwaysDefined, rejectsUndefined };
+export { ENUM_INLINE_THRESHOLD, KEY_MEMBERSHIP_INLINE_THRESHOLD, checkPriority, declareFastTemps, emitConstant, emitEffectCallable, emitEffectFn, emitRegex, emitRegexSourceString, emitRfDelegate, emitRuntimeHelper, emitSet, emitTemp, escapeString, extendPath, extendStaticPath, extendStaticPathIndex, fastSentinelWrapper, hasMutation, hasSourceForm, keyMembershipTest, literalToJs, outputAlwaysDefined, rejectsUndefined, tuplePadsShortInput };
 
 //# sourceMappingURL=context.js.map