xdbc 1.0.217 → 1.0.219

package/src/DBC.ts

@@ -1,904 +1,902 @@
-/**
- * Provides a **D**esign **B**y **C**ontract Framework using decorators.
- *
- * @remarks
- * Maintainer: Callari, Salvatore (XDBC@WaXCode.net) */
-export class DBC {
-	// #region Internal caches.
-	private static readonly MAX_CACHE_SIZE = 1000;
-	private static dbcCache: Map<string, DBC> = new Map();
-	private static pathTokenCache: Map<string, string[]> = new Map();
-	/** Evicts the oldest entry if the cache exceeds the maximum size. */
-	private static evictIfNeeded<K, V>(cache: Map<K, V>): void {
-		if (cache.size > DBC.MAX_CACHE_SIZE) {
-			const oldest = cache.keys().next().value;
-			if (oldest !== undefined) cache.delete(oldest);
-		}
-	}
-	private static getHost(): unknown {
-		return typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : globalThis;
-	}
-	private static getDBC(dbc: string | DBC | undefined): DBC {
-		if (dbc instanceof DBC) return dbc;
-		const path = dbc ?? "WaXCode.DBC";
-		if (DBC.dbcCache.has(path)) {
-			return DBC.dbcCache.get(path) as DBC;
-		}
-		const resolved = DBC.resolveDBCPath(DBC.getHost(), path);
-		if (resolved) {
-			DBC.evictIfNeeded(DBC.dbcCache);
-			DBC.dbcCache.set(path, resolved);
-			return resolved;
-		}
-		throw new Error(
-			`[XDBC] DBC instance not found at path "${path}". Ensure a DBC instance is registered there.`,
-		);
-	}
-	// #endregion Internal caches.
-	// #region Parameter-value requests.
-	/** Stores all request for parameter values registered by {@link decPrecondition }. */
-	static paramValueRequests: Map<
-		string,
-		// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Gotta be any since parameter-values may be undefined.
-		Map<number, Array<(value: any) => undefined>>
-	> = new Map<
-		string,
-		// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Gotta be any since parameter-values may be undefined.
-		Map<number, Array<(value: any) => undefined>>
-	>();
-	/**
-	 * Generate a unique key for storing parameter value requests.
-	 * Format: "ClassName:methodName"
-	 */
-	private static getRequestKey(
-		target: object,
-		methodName: string | symbol | undefined,
-	): string {
-		const className =
-			typeof target === "function"
-				? target.name
-				: target.constructor?.name || "Unknown";
-		return `${className}:${String(methodName)}`;
-	}
-	/**
-	 * Make a request to get the value of a certain parameter of specific method in a specific {@link object }.
-	 * That request gets enlisted in {@link paramValueRequests } which is used by {@link ParamvalueProvider} to invoke the
-	 * given "receptor" with the parameter value stored in there. Thus a parameter decorator using this method will
-	 * not receive any value of the top method is not tagged with {@link ParamvalueProvider}.
-	 *
-	 * @param target		The {@link object } containing the method with the parameter which's value is requested.
-	 * @param methodName	The name of the method with the parameter which's value is requested.
-	 * @param index			The index of the parameter which's value is requested.
-	 * @param receptor		The method the requested parameter-value shall be passed to when it becomes available. */
-	protected static requestParamValue(
-		target: object,
-		methodName: string | symbol | undefined,
-		index: number,
-		// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Gotta be any since parameter-values may be undefined.
-		receptor: (value: any) => undefined,
-	): undefined {
-		const key = DBC.getRequestKey(target, methodName);
-
-		if (DBC.paramValueRequests.has(key)) {
-			const paramMap = DBC.paramValueRequests.get(key)!;
-			if (paramMap.has(index)) {
-				paramMap.get(index)?.push(receptor);
-			} else {
-				paramMap.set(index, new Array<(value: unknown) => undefined>(receptor));
-			}
-		} else {
-			DBC.paramValueRequests.set(
-				key,
-				new Map<number, Array<(value: unknown) => undefined>>([
-					[index, new Array<(value: unknown) => undefined>(receptor)],
-				]),
-			);
-		}
-
-		return undefined;
-	}
-	/**
-	 * A decorator usable on both **methods** (including setters) and **classes**.
-	 *
-	 * - **On a method**: wraps the method so that any {@link DBC } preconditions registered on its parameters
-	 *   via XDBC parameter-decorator factories are dispatched with the actual argument values on each call.
-	 * - **On a class**: wraps the constructor so that preconditions registered on constructor parameters are
-	 *   dispatched **before** the original constructor body runs, upholding true precondition semantics.
-	 *
-	 * In both cases the "receptor" callbacks enlisted in {@link paramValueRequests } by {@link requestParamValue }
-	 * are invoked with the live argument values.
-	 *
-	 * @param targetOrConstructor	When used as a **method** decorator: the {@link object } hosting the tagged method.
-	 * 								When used as a **class** decorator: the class constructor.
-	 * @param propertyKey 			*(method decorator only)* The tagged method's name as provided by the runtime.
-	 * @param descriptor 			*(method decorator only)* The {@link PropertyDescriptor } as provided by the runtime.
-	 *
-	 * @returns 	When used as a **method** decorator: the (modified) {@link PropertyDescriptor }.
-	 * 				When used as a **class** decorator: a replacement constructor that performs precondition checks. */
-	// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Must handle both method and class decorator signatures
-	public static ParamvalueProvider(target: object, propertyKey: string, descriptor: PropertyDescriptor): PropertyDescriptor;
-	// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Must handle both method and class decorator signatures
-	public static ParamvalueProvider<T extends new (...args: any[]) => any>(constructor: T): T;
-	// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Must accept abstract class constructors
-	public static ParamvalueProvider<T extends abstract new (...args: any[]) => any>(constructor: T): T;
-	// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Must handle both method and class decorator signatures
-	public static ParamvalueProvider(...args: any[]): any {
-		if (args.length === 1 && typeof args[0] === "function") {
-			// #region Class decorator path
-			// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Must accept any constructor signature
-			const constructor = args[0] as new (...args: any[]) => any;
-			const key = `${constructor.name}:undefined`;
-			// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Must accept any constructor signature
-			const WrappedClass = class extends constructor {
-				// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Must accept any constructor signature
-				constructor(...ctorArgs: any[]) {
-					if (DBC.paramValueRequests.has(key)) {
-						const paramMap = DBC.paramValueRequests.get(key)!;
-						for (const index of paramMap.keys()) {
-							if (index < ctorArgs.length) {
-								for (const receptor of paramMap.get(index)!) {
-									receptor(ctorArgs[index]);
-								}
-							}
-						}
-					}
-					super(...ctorArgs);
-				}
-			} as typeof constructor;
-			Object.defineProperty(WrappedClass, "name", { value: constructor.name });
-			return WrappedClass;
-			// #endregion Class decorator path
-		}
-
-		// #region Method decorator path
-		const [target, propertyKey, descriptor] = args as [object, string, PropertyDescriptor];
-		const originalMethod = descriptor.value;
-		const isStatic = typeof target === "function";
-		// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Gotta be any since parameter-values may be undefined.
-		descriptor.value = function (...methodArgs: any[]) {
-			// #region   Check if a value of one of the method's parameter has been requested and pass it to the
-			//           receptor, if so.
-			const actualTarget = isStatic ? this : (this as any).constructor;
-			const key = DBC.getRequestKey(actualTarget, propertyKey);
-
-			if (DBC.paramValueRequests.has(key)) {
-				const paramMap = DBC.paramValueRequests.get(key)!;
-				for (const index of paramMap.keys()) {
-					if (index < methodArgs.length) {
-						for (const receptor of paramMap.get(index)!) {
-							receptor(methodArgs[index]);
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			} else {
-				console.warn("No parameter value requests found for key:", key);
-			}
-			// #endregion	Check if a value of one of the method's parameter has been requested and pass it to the
-			//              receptor, if so.
-			return originalMethod.apply(this, methodArgs);
-		};
-		return descriptor;
-		// #endregion Method decorator path
-	}
-	// #endregion Parameter-value requests.
-	// #region Class
-	/**
-	 * A property-decorator factory serving as a **D**esign **B**y **C**ontract Invariant.
-	 * This invariant aims to check the instance of the class not the value to be get or set.
-	 *
-	 * @param contracts The {@link DBC }-Contracts the value shall uphold.
-	 *
-	 * @throws 	A {@link DBC.Infringement } whenever the property is tried to be get or set without the instance of it's class
-	 * 			fulfilling the specified **contracts**. */
-	public static decClassInvariant(
-		contracts: Array<{
-			check: (toCheck: unknown | null | undefined) => boolean | string;
-		}>,
-		path: string | undefined = undefined,
-		dbc = "WaXCode.DBC",
-	) {
-		let dbcInstance: DBC | undefined;
-		return (
-			target: unknown,
-			propertyKey: string | symbol,
-			descriptor: PropertyDescriptor,
-		) => {
-			if (!dbcInstance) dbcInstance = DBC.getDBC(dbc);
-			if (!dbcInstance.executionSettings.checkInvariants) {
-				return;
-			}
-			const originalSetter = descriptor.set;
-			const originalGetter = descriptor.get;
-			// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Necessary to intercept UNDEFINED and NULL.
-			let value: any;
-			// #region Replace original property.
-			Object.defineProperty(target, propertyKey, {
-				get() {
-					if (!dbcInstance?.executionSettings.checkInvariants) {
-						return;
-					}
-
-					const realValue = path ? DBC.resolve(this, path) : this;
-					// #region Check if all "contracts" are fulfilled.
-					for (const contract of contracts) {
-						const result = contract.check(realValue);
-
-						if (typeof result === "string") {
-							dbcInstance?.reportFieldInfringement(
-								result,
-								target as object,
-								path,
-								propertyKey as string,
-								realValue,
-							);
-						}
-					}
-					// #endregion Check if all "contracts" are fulfilled.
-					return originalGetter ? (originalGetter as any)[propertyKey] : value;
-				},
-				set(newValue) {
-					if (!dbcInstance?.executionSettings.checkInvariants) {
-						return;
-					}
-
-					const realValue = path ? DBC.resolve(this, path) : this;
-					// #region Check if all "contracts" are fulfilled.
-					for (const contract of contracts) {
-						const result = contract.check(realValue);
-
-						if (typeof result === "string") {
-							dbcInstance?.reportFieldInfringement(
-								result,
-								target as object,
-								path,
-								propertyKey as string,
-								realValue,
-							);
-						}
-					}
-					// #endregion Check if all "contracts" are fulfilled.
-					value = newValue;
-				},
-				enumerable: true,
-				configurable: true,
-			});
-			// #endregion Replace original property.
-		};
-	}
-	// #endregion Class
-	// #region Invariant
-	/**
-	 * A property-decorator factory serving as a **D**esign **B**y **C**ontract Invariant.
-	 * Since the value must be initialized or set according to the specified **contracts** the value will only be checked
-	 * when assigning it.
-	 *
-	 * @param contracts The {@link DBC }-Contracts the value shall uphold.
-	 *
-	 * @throws 	A {@link DBC.Infringement } whenever the property is tried to be set to a value that does not comply to the
-	 * 			specified **contracts**, by the returned method.*/
-	public static decInvariant(
-		contracts: Array<{
-			check: (toCheck: unknown | null | undefined) => boolean | string;
-		}>,
-		path: string | undefined = undefined,
-		dbc: string | undefined = undefined,
-		hint: string | undefined = undefined,
-	) {
-		let dbcInstance: DBC | undefined;
-		return (target: unknown, propertyKey: string | symbol) => {
-			if (!dbcInstance) dbcInstance = DBC.getDBC(dbc);
-			if (!dbcInstance.executionSettings.checkInvariants) {
-				return;
-			}
-			// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Necessary to intercept UNDEFINED and NULL.
-			let value: any;
-			// #region Replace original property.
-			Object.defineProperty(target, propertyKey, {
-				set(newValue) {
-					if (!dbcInstance?.executionSettings.checkInvariants) {
-						return;
-					}
-
-					const realValue = path ? DBC.resolve(newValue, path) : newValue;
-					// #region Check if all "contracts" are fulfilled.
-					for (const contract of contracts) {
-						const result = contract.check(realValue);
-
-						if (typeof result === "string") {
-							dbcInstance?.reportFieldInfringement(
-								result,
-								target as object,
-								path,
-								propertyKey as string,
-								realValue,
-								hint,
-							);
-						}
-					}
-					// #endregion Check if all "contracts" are fulfilled.
-					value = newValue;
-				},
-				enumerable: true,
-				configurable: true,
-			});
-			// #endregion Replace original property.
-		};
-	}
-	// #endregion Invariant
-	// #region Postcondition
-	/**
-	 * A method decorator factory checking the result of a method whenever it is invoked thus also usable on getters.
-	 *
-	 * @param check	The **(toCheck: any, object, string) => boolean | string** to use for checking.
-	 * @param dbc	See {@link DBC.resolveDBCPath }.
-	 * @param path	The dotted path referring to the actual value to check, starting form the specified one.
-	 *
-	 * @returns The **( target : object, propertyKey : string, descriptor : PropertyDescriptor ) : PropertyDescriptor**
-	 * 			invoked by Typescript.
-	 */
-	// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Necessary to intercept UNDEFINED and NULL.
-	public static decPostcondition(
-		// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Necessary to intercept UNDEFINED and NULL.
-		check: (
-			toCheck: any,
-			target: object,
-			propertyKey: string,
-		) => boolean | string,
-		dbc: string | undefined = undefined,
-		path: string | undefined = undefined,
-		hint: string | undefined = undefined,
-	) {
-		let dbcInstance: DBC | undefined;
-		return (
-			target: object,
-			propertyKey: string,
-			descriptor: PropertyDescriptor,
-		): PropertyDescriptor => {
-			const originalMethod = descriptor.value;
-			// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Necessary to intercept UNDEFINED and NULL.
-			descriptor.value = (...args: any[]) => {
-				if (!dbcInstance) dbcInstance = DBC.getDBC(dbc);
-				if (!dbcInstance.executionSettings.checkPostconditions) {
-					return;
-				}
-				// biome-ignore lint/complexity/noThisInStatic: <explanation>
-				const result = originalMethod.apply(this, args);
-				const realValue = path ? DBC.resolve(result, path) : result;
-				const checkResult = check(realValue, target, propertyKey);
-
-				if (typeof checkResult === "string") {
-					dbcInstance.reportReturnvalueInfringement(
-						checkResult,
-						target,
-						path,
-						propertyKey,
-						realValue,
-						hint,
-					);
-				}
-
-				return result;
-			};
-
-			return descriptor;
-		};
-	}
-	// #endregion Postcondition
-	// #region Decorator
-	// #region Precondition
-	/**
-	 * A parameter-decorator factory that requests the tagged parameter's value passing it to the provided
-	 * "check"-method when the value becomes available.
-	 *
-	 * @param check	The "( unknown ) => void" to be invoked along with the tagged parameter's value as soon
-	 * 				as it becomes available.
-	 * @param dbc  	See {@link DBC.resolveDBCPath }.
-	 * @param path	The dotted path referring to the actual value to check, starting form the specified one.
-	 * 				May contain :: to separate multiple paths.
-	 *
-	 * @returns The **(target: object, methodName: string | symbol, parameterIndex: number ) => void** invoked by Typescript- */
-	protected static decPrecondition(
-		// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Necessary to check any parameter value
-		check: (
-			value: unknown,
-			target: object,
-			methodName: string | symbol | undefined,
-			parameterIndex: number,
-		) => boolean | string,
-		dbc: string | undefined = undefined,
-		path: string | undefined = undefined,
-		hint: string | undefined = undefined,
-	): (
-		target: object,
-		methodName: string | symbol | undefined,
-		parameterIndex: number,
-	) => void {
-		const paths = path ? path.replace(/ /g, "").split("::") : [undefined];
-		let dbcInstance: DBC | undefined;
-		return (
-			target: object,
-			methodName: string | symbol | undefined,
-			parameterIndex: number,
-		): void => {
-			DBC.requestParamValue(
-				target,
-				methodName,
-				parameterIndex,
-				(value: unknown) => {
-					if (!dbcInstance) dbcInstance = DBC.getDBC(dbc);
-					if (!dbcInstance.executionSettings.checkPreconditions) {
-						return;
-					}
-
-					for (const singlePath of paths) {
-						const realValue = singlePath
-							? DBC.resolve(value, singlePath)
-							: value;
-						const result = check(realValue, target, methodName, parameterIndex);
-
-						if (typeof result === "string") {
-							dbcInstance.reportParameterInfringement(
-								result,
-								target,
-								singlePath,
-								methodName as string,
-								parameterIndex,
-								realValue,
-								hint,
-							);
-						}
-					}
-				},
-			);
-		};
-	}
-	// #endregion Precondition
-	// #endregion Decorator
-	// #region Contract Factory Helpers
-	/**
-	 * Creates a PRE decorator from a checkAlgorithm function and its bound arguments.
-	 * Reduces boilerplate across contract classes.
-	 *
-	 * @param checkFn  A function that takes (value, ...boundArgs) and returns true or an error string.
-	 * @param boundArgs The arguments to bind to the check function after the value.
-	 * @param dbc      See {@link DBC.decPrecondition}.
-	 * @param path     See {@link DBC.decPrecondition}.
-	 * @param hint     See {@link DBC.decPrecondition}.
-	 */
-	public static createPRE(
-		// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Must accept any checkAlgorithm signature
-		checkFn: (...args: any[]) => boolean | string,
-		// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Arguments vary per contract
-		boundArgs: any[],
-		dbc?: string,
-		path?: string,
-		hint?: string,
-	) {
-		return DBC.decPrecondition(
-			(value, _target, _methodName, _parameterIndex) => {
-				return checkFn(value, ...boundArgs);
-			},
-			dbc,
-			path,
-			hint,
-		);
-	}
-	/**
-	 * Creates a POST decorator from a checkAlgorithm function and its bound arguments.
-	 *
-	 * @param checkFn  A function that takes (value, ...boundArgs) and returns true or an error string.
-	 * @param boundArgs The arguments to bind to the check function after the value.
-	 * @param dbc      See {@link DBC.decPostcondition}.
-	 * @param path     See {@link DBC.decPostcondition}.
-	 * @param hint     See {@link DBC.decPostcondition}.
-	 */
-	public static createPOST(
-		// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Must accept any checkAlgorithm signature
-		checkFn: (...args: any[]) => boolean | string,
-		// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Arguments vary per contract
-		boundArgs: any[],
-		dbc?: string,
-		path?: string,
-		hint?: string,
-	) {
-		return DBC.decPostcondition(
-			(value, _target, _propertyKey) => {
-				return checkFn(value, ...boundArgs);
-			},
-			dbc,
-			path,
-			hint,
-		);
-	}
-	/**
-	 * Creates an INVARIANT decorator from a contract constructor and its bound arguments.
-	 *
-	 * @param ContractClass A class with a constructor that produces an object with a `check` method.
-	 * @param ctorArgs      The arguments to pass to the contract constructor.
-	 * @param dbc           See {@link DBC.decInvariant}.
-	 * @param path          See {@link DBC.decInvariant}.
-	 * @param hint          See {@link DBC.decInvariant}.
-	 */
-	public static createINVARIANT(
-		// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Must accept any contract constructor
-		ContractClass: new (
-			...args: any[]
-		) => { check: (toCheck: unknown | null | undefined) => boolean | string },
-		// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Arguments vary per contract
-		ctorArgs: any[],
-		dbc?: string,
-		path?: string,
-		hint?: string,
-	) {
-		return DBC.decInvariant([new ContractClass(...ctorArgs)], path, dbc, hint);
-	}
-	// #endregion Contract Factory Helpers
-	// #region Execution Handling
-	/** Stores settings concerning the execution of checks. */
-	public executionSettings: {
-		checkPreconditions: boolean;
-		checkPostconditions: boolean;
-		checkInvariants: boolean;
-	} = {
-		checkPreconditions: true,
-		checkPostconditions: true,
-		checkInvariants: true,
-	};
-	// #endregion Execution Handling
-	// #region Warning handling.
-	/** Stores settings concerning warnings. */
-	public warningSettings: {
-		logToConsole: boolean;
-	} = { logToConsole: true };
-	/**
-	 * Reports a warning.
-	 *
-	 * @param message The message containing the warning. */
-	protected reportWarning(message: string): undefined {
-		if (this.warningSettings.logToConsole) {
-			console.warn(message);
-		}
-	}
-	// #endregion Warning handling.
-	// #region infringement handling.
-	/** Stores the settings concerning infringements */
-	public infringementSettings: {
-		throwException: boolean;
-		logToConsole: boolean;
-	} = { throwException: true, logToConsole: false };
-	/** Sanitizes a value for safe inclusion in error messages. */
-	private static sanitize(value: unknown): string {
-		const str = typeof value === "string" ? value : String(value);
-		return str.replace(/[<>&"']/g, (ch) => {
-			switch (ch) {
-				case "<":
-					return "&lt;";
-				case ">":
-					return "&gt;";
-				case "&":
-					return "&amp;";
-				case '"':
-					return "&quot;";
-				case "'":
-					return "&#39;";
-				default:
-					return ch;
-			}
-		});
-	}
-	/**
-	 * Reports an infringement according to the {@link infringementSettings } also generating a proper {@link string }-wrapper
-	 * for the given "message" & violator.
-	 *
-	 * @param message	The {@link string } describing the infringement and it's provenience.
-	 * @param violator 	The {@link string } describing or naming the violator. */
-	protected reportInfringement(
-		message: string,
-		violator: string,
-		target: object,
-		value: unknown,
-		path: string | undefined,
-		hint: string | undefined = undefined,
-	): undefined {
-		const safeViolator = DBC.sanitize(violator);
-		const targetName =
-			typeof target === "function"
-				? DBC.sanitize(target.name)
-				: typeof target === "object" &&
-						target !== null &&
-						typeof target.constructor === "function"
-					? DBC.sanitize(target.constructor.name)
-					: DBC.sanitize(target);
-		const finalMessage: string = `[ From "${safeViolator}" in "${targetName}"${path ? ` > "${DBC.sanitize(path)}"` : ""}: ${message} ${hint ? `✨ ${hint} ✨` : ""}]`;
-
-		if (this.infringementSettings.throwException) {
-			throw new DBC.Infringement(finalMessage);
-		}
-
-		if (this.infringementSettings.logToConsole) {
-			console.log(finalMessage);
-		}
-	}
-	/**
-	 * Reports a parameter-infringement via {@link reportInfringement } also generating a proper {@link string }-wrapper
-	 * for the given "message","method", parameter-"index" & value.
-	 *
-	 * @param message	The {@link string } describing the infringement and it's provenience.
-	 * @param method 	The {@link string } describing or naming the violator.
-	 * @param index		The index of the parameter within the argument listing.
-	 * @param value 	The parameter's value. */
-	public reportParameterInfringement(
-		message: string,
-		target: object,
-		path: string | undefined,
-		method: string,
-		index: number,
-		value: unknown,
-		hint: string | undefined = undefined,
-	): undefined {
-		const properIndex = index + 1;
-
-		this.reportInfringement(
-			`[ Parameter-value "${value}" of the ${properIndex}${properIndex === 1 ? "st" : properIndex === 2 ? "nd" : properIndex === 3 ? "rd" : "th"} parameter did not fulfill one of it's contracts: ${message} ]`,
-			method,
-			target,
-			value,
-			path,
-			hint,
-		);
-	}
-	/**
-	 * Reports a field-infringement via {@link reportInfringement } also generating a proper {@link string }-wrapper
-	 * for the given **message** & **name**.
-	 *
-	 * @param message	A {@link string } describing the infringement and it's provenience.
-	 * @param key 		The property key.
-	 * @param path		The dotted-path {@link string } that leads to the value not fulfilling the contract starting from
-	 * 					the tagged one.
-	 * @param value		The value not fulfilling a contract. */
-	public reportFieldInfringement(
-		message: string,
-		target: object,
-		path: string | undefined,
-		key: string,
-		value: unknown,
-		hint: string | undefined = undefined,
-	): undefined {
-		this.reportInfringement(
-			`[ New value for "${key}"${path === undefined ? "" : `.${path}`} with value "${value}" did not fulfill one of it's contracts: ${message} ]`,
-			key,
-			target,
-			value,
-			path,
-		);
-	}
-	/**
-	 * Reports a returnvalue-infringement according via {@link reportInfringement } also generating a proper {@link string }-wrapper
-	 * for the given "message","method" & value.
-	 *
-	 * @param message	The {@link string } describing the infringement and it's provenience.
-	 * @param method 	The {@link string } describing or naming the violator.
-	 * @param value		The parameter's value. */
-	public reportReturnvalueInfringement(
-		message: string,
-		target: object,
-		path: string | undefined,
-		method: string,
-		// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: <explanation>
-		value: any,
-		hint: string | undefined = undefined,
-	) {
-		this.reportInfringement(
-			`[ Return-value "${value}" did not fulfill one of it's contracts: ${message} ]`,
-			method,
-			target,
-			value,
-			path,
-			hint,
-		);
-	}
-	/**
-	 * Routes an imperative infringement (from {@link tsCheck } or static {@link check } calls) through the
-	 * registered DBC instance's {@link infringementSettings }, respecting whether to throw, log, or both.
-	 * Falls back to throwing {@link DBC.Infringement } directly if no DBC instance is registered at the
-	 * specified path, preserving the pre-existing behaviour for code that does not register a DBC instance.
-	 *
-	 * @param message	The fully formatted infringement message.
-	 * @param dbc		The path to the DBC instance. Defaults to `"WaXCode.DBC"`. */
-	public static reportTsCheckInfringement(
-		message: string,
-		dbc: string | undefined = undefined,
-	): void {
-		let dbcInstance: DBC | undefined;
-		try {
-			dbcInstance = DBC.getDBC(dbc);
-		} catch {
-			throw new DBC.Infringement(message);
-		}
-
-		if (dbcInstance.infringementSettings.throwException) {
-			throw new DBC.Infringement(message);
-		}
-
-		if (dbcInstance.infringementSettings.logToConsole) {
-			console.log(message);
-		}
-	}
-	// #region Classes
-	// #region Errors
-	/** An {@link Error } to be thrown whenever an infringement is detected. */
-	public static Infringement = class extends Error {
-		/**
-		 * Constructs this {@link Error } by tagging the specified message-{@link string } as an XDBC-Infringement.
-		 *
-		 * @param message The {@link string } describing the infringement. */
-		constructor(message: string) {
-			super(`[ XDBC Infringement ${message}]`);
-		}
-	};
-	// #endregion Errors
-	// #endregion Classes
-	// #endregion infringement handling.
-	/**
-	 * Resolves the specified dotted {@link string }-path to a {@link DBC }.
-	 *
-	 * @param obj 	The {@link object } to start resolving from.
-	 * @param path 	The dotted {@link string }-path leading to the {@link DBC }.
-	 *
-	 * @returns The requested {@link DBC }.
-	 */
-	// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Must traverse arbitrary object graphs
-	static resolveDBCPath = (obj: any, path: string): DBC =>
-		path
-			?.split(".")
-			// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Must traverse arbitrary object graphs
-			.reduce((accumulator: any, current: string) => accumulator[current], obj);
-	/**
-	 * Constructs this {@link DBC } without mounting it on the global namespace.
-	 * Use {@link DBC.register } to make the instance available at a specific path on globalThis.
-	 *
-	 * @param infringementSettings 	See {@link DBC.infringementSettings }.
-	 * @param executionSettings		See {@link DBC.executionSettings }. */
-	constructor(
-		infringementSettings: {
-			throwException: boolean;
-			logToConsole: boolean;
-		} = { throwException: true, logToConsole: false },
-		executionSettings: {
-			checkPreconditions: boolean;
-			checkPostconditions: boolean;
-			checkInvariants: boolean;
-		} = {
-			checkPreconditions: true,
-			checkPostconditions: true,
-			checkInvariants: true,
-		},
-	) {
-		this.infringementSettings = infringementSettings;
-		this.executionSettings = executionSettings;
-	}
-	/**
-	 * Registers a {@link DBC } instance at the specified dotted path on globalThis (or window),
-	 * making it available for decorator resolution via string paths.
-	 *
-	 * @param instance	The {@link DBC } instance to register.
-	 * @param path		The dotted path to register at (default: `"WaXCode.DBC"`). */
-	static register(instance: DBC, path = "WaXCode.DBC"): void {
-		const segments = path.split(".");
-		// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Must walk dynamic global namespace.
-		let obj: any = DBC.getHost();
-		for (let i = 0; i < segments.length - 1; i++) {
-			if (obj[segments[i]] === undefined) obj[segments[i]] = {};
-			obj = obj[segments[i]];
-		}
-		obj[segments[segments.length - 1]] = instance;
-		DBC.dbcCache.set(path, instance);
-	}
-	/**
-	 * Executes a callback with an isolated {@link DBC } instance temporarily registered at the default path.
-	 * The previous instance (if any) is restored after the callback completes — even if it throws.
-	 * Useful for test isolation.
-	 *
-	 * @param fn The callback receiving the isolated {@link DBC } instance. */
-	static isolated(fn: (dbc: DBC) => void): void {
-		const saved = DBC.dbcCache.get("WaXCode.DBC");
-		const testDbc = new DBC();
-		DBC.register(testDbc);
-		try {
-			fn(testDbc);
-		} finally {
-			if (saved) {
-				DBC.register(saved);
-			} else {
-				DBC.dbcCache.delete("WaXCode.DBC");
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	/**
-	 * Resolves the desired {@link object } out a given one **toResolveFrom** using the specified **path**.
-	 *
-	 * @param toResolveFrom The {@link object } starting to resolve from.
-	 * @param path			The dotted path-{@link string }.
-	 * 						This string uses ., [...], and () to represent accessing nested properties,
-	 * 						array elements/object keys, and calling methods, respectively, mimicking JavaScript syntax to navigate
-	 * 						an object's structure. Code, e.g. something like a.b( 1 as number ).c, will not be executed and
-	 * 						thus make the retrieval fail.
-	 *
-	 * @returns The requested {@link object }, NULL or UNDEFINED. */
-	public static resolve(toResolveFrom: unknown, path: string) {
-		if (!toResolveFrom || typeof path !== "string") {
-			return undefined;
-		}
-
-		// Security: block prototype pollution paths
-		const dangerousTokens = ["__proto__", "constructor", "prototype"];
-
-		const cachedParts = DBC.pathTokenCache.get(path);
-		const parts =
-			cachedParts ?? path.replace(/\[(['"]?)(.*?)\1\]/g, ".$2").split(".");
-
-		if (!cachedParts) {
-			// Validate tokens before caching
-			for (const part of parts) {
-				const tokenName = part.replace(/\(.*\)$/, "");
-				if (dangerousTokens.indexOf(tokenName) >= 0) {
-					throw new Error(
-						`[XDBC] Path "${path}" contains forbidden token "${tokenName}".`,
-					);
-				}
-			}
-			DBC.evictIfNeeded(DBC.pathTokenCache);
-			DBC.pathTokenCache.set(path, parts);
-		}
-
-		// biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noExplicitAny: Must traverse arbitrary object graphs
-		let current: any = toResolveFrom;
-
-		for (const part of parts) {
-			if (current === null || typeof current === "undefined") {
-				return undefined;
-			}
-
-			const methodMatch = part.match(/(\w+)\((.*)\)/);
-
-			if (methodMatch) {
-				const methodName = methodMatch[1];
-				const argsStr = methodMatch[2];
-				const args = argsStr.split(",").map((arg) => arg.trim());
-
-				if (typeof current[methodName] === "function") {
-					current = current[methodName].apply(current, args);
-				} else {
-					return undefined;
-				}
-			} else {
-				if (
-					typeof window !== "undefined" &&
-					typeof HTMLElement !== "undefined" &&
-					current instanceof HTMLElement &&
-					part.startsWith("@")
-				) {
-					current = current.getAttribute(part.slice(1));
-				} else if (
-					typeof current === "object" &&
-					current !== null &&
-					part in current
-				) {
-					current = current[part];
-				} else if (
-					typeof window !== "undefined" &&
-					typeof HTMLElement !== "undefined" &&
-					current instanceof HTMLElement
-				) {
-					current = undefined;
-				} else {
-					current = undefined;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		return current;
-	}
-}
-// Register the default instance with standard settings.
-DBC.register(new DBC());
+/**
+ * Provides a **D**esign **B**y **C**ontract Framework using decorators.
+ *
+ * @remarks
+ * Maintainer: Callari, Salvatore (XDBC@WaXCode.net) */
+export class DBC {
+	// #region Internal caches.
+	private static readonly MAX_CACHE_SIZE = 1000;
+	private static dbcCache: Map<string, DBC> = new Map();
+	private static pathTokenCache: Map<string, string[]> = new Map();
+	/** Evicts the oldest entry if the cache exceeds the maximum size. */
+	private static evictIfNeeded<K, V>(cache: Map<K, V>): void {
+		if (cache.size > DBC.MAX_CACHE_SIZE) {
+			const oldest = cache.keys().next().value;
+			if (oldest !== undefined) cache.delete(oldest);
+		}
+	}
+	private static getHost(): unknown {
+		return typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : globalThis;
+	}
+	private static getDBC(dbc: string | DBC | undefined): DBC {
+		if (dbc instanceof DBC) return dbc;
+		const path = dbc ?? "WaXCode.DBC";
+		if (DBC.dbcCache.has(path)) {
+			return DBC.dbcCache.get(path) as DBC;
+		}
+		const resolved = DBC.resolveDBCPath(DBC.getHost(), path);
+		if (resolved) {
+			DBC.evictIfNeeded(DBC.dbcCache);
+			DBC.dbcCache.set(path, resolved);
+			return resolved;
+		}
+		throw new Error(
+			`[XDBC] DBC instance not found at path "${path}". Ensure a DBC instance is registered there.`,
+		);
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Returns the registered {@link DBC } instance at the specified path.
+	 * Throws if no instance is registered there.
+	 *
+	 * @param path The dotted path to look up (default: `"WaXCode.DBC"`). */
+	public static getRegistered(path?: string): DBC {
+		return DBC.getDBC(path);
+	}
+	// #endregion Internal caches.
+	// #region Parameter-value requests.
+	/** Stores all request for parameter values registered by {@link decPrecondition }. */
+	static paramValueRequests: Map<
+		string,
+		Map<number, Array<(value: any) => undefined>>
+	> = new Map<string, Map<number, Array<(value: any) => undefined>>>();
+	/**
+	 * Generate a unique key for storing parameter value requests.
+	 * Format: "ClassName:methodName"
+	 */
+	private static getRequestKey(
+		target: object,
+		methodName: string | symbol | undefined,
+	): string {
+		const className =
+			typeof target === "function"
+				? target.name
+				: target.constructor?.name || "Unknown";
+		return `${className}:${String(methodName)}`;
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Make a request to get the value of a certain parameter of specific method in a specific {@link object }.
+	 * That request gets enlisted in {@link paramValueRequests } which is used by {@link ParamvalueProvider} to invoke the
+	 * given "receptor" with the parameter value stored in there. Thus a parameter decorator using this method will
+	 * not receive any value of the top method is not tagged with {@link ParamvalueProvider}.
+	 *
+	 * @param target		The {@link object } containing the method with the parameter which's value is requested.
+	 * @param methodName	The name of the method with the parameter which's value is requested.
+	 * @param index			The index of the parameter which's value is requested.
+	 * @param receptor		The method the requested parameter-value shall be passed to when it becomes available. */
+	protected static requestParamValue(
+		target: object,
+		methodName: string | symbol | undefined,
+		index: number,
+		receptor: (value: any) => undefined,
+	): undefined {
+		const key = DBC.getRequestKey(target, methodName);
+		if (DBC.paramValueRequests.has(key)) {
+			const paramMap = DBC.paramValueRequests.get(key)!;
+			if (paramMap.has(index)) {
+				paramMap.get(index)?.push(receptor);
+			} else {
+				paramMap.set(index, new Array<(value: unknown) => undefined>(receptor));
+			}
+		} else {
+			DBC.paramValueRequests.set(
+				key,
+				new Map<number, Array<(value: unknown) => undefined>>([
+					[index, new Array<(value: unknown) => undefined>(receptor)],
+				]),
+			);
+		}
+		return undefined;
+	}
+	/**
+	 * A decorator usable on both **methods** (including setters) and **classes**.
+	 *
+	 * - **On a method**: wraps the method so that any {@link DBC } preconditions registered on its parameters
+	 *   via XDBC parameter-decorator factories are dispatched with the actual argument values on each call.
+	 * - **On a class**: wraps the constructor so that preconditions registered on constructor parameters are
+	 *   dispatched **before** the original constructor body runs, upholding true precondition semantics.
+	 *
+	 * In both cases the "receptor" callbacks enlisted in {@link paramValueRequests } by {@link requestParamValue }
+	 * are invoked with the live argument values.
+	 *
+	 * @param targetOrConstructor	When used as a **method** decorator: the {@link object } hosting the tagged method.
+	 * 								When used as a **class** decorator: the class constructor.
+	 * @param propertyKey 			*(method decorator only)* The tagged method's name as provided by the runtime.
+	 * @param descriptor 			*(method decorator only)* The {@link PropertyDescriptor } as provided by the runtime.
+	 *
+	 * @returns 	When used as a **method** decorator: the (modified) {@link PropertyDescriptor }.
+	 * 				When used as a **class** decorator: a replacement constructor that performs precondition checks. */
+	public static ParamvalueProvider(
+		target: object,
+		propertyKey: string,
+		descriptor: PropertyDescriptor,
+	): PropertyDescriptor;
+	public static ParamvalueProvider<T extends new (...args: any[]) => any>(
+		ctor: T,
+	): T;
+	public static ParamvalueProvider<
+		T extends abstract new (
+			...args: any[]
+		) => any,
+	>(ctor: T): T;
+	public static ParamvalueProvider(...args: any[]): any {
+		if (args.length === 1 && typeof args[0] === "function") {
+			// #region Class decorator path
+			const ctor = args[0] as new (...args: any[]) => any;
+			const key = `${ctor.name}:undefined`;
+			const WrappedClass = class extends ctor {
+				constructor(...ctorArgs: any[]) {
+					if (DBC.paramValueRequests.has(key)) {
+						const paramMap = DBC.paramValueRequests.get(key)!;
+						for (const index of paramMap.keys()) {
+							if (index < ctorArgs.length) {
+								for (const receptor of paramMap.get(index)!) {
+									receptor(ctorArgs[index]);
+								}
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					super(...ctorArgs);
+				}
+			} as typeof ctor;
+			Object.defineProperty(WrappedClass, "name", { value: ctor.name });
+			return WrappedClass;
+			// #endregion Class decorator path
+		}
+		// #region Method decorator path
+		const [target, propertyKey, descriptor] = args as [
+			object,
+			string,
+			PropertyDescriptor,
+		];
+		const originalMethod = descriptor.value;
+		const isStatic = typeof target === "function";
+		descriptor.value = function (...methodArgs: any[]) {
+			// #region   Check if a value of one of the method's parameter has been requested and pass it to the
+			//           receptor, if so.
+			const actualTarget = isStatic ? this : (this as any).constructor;
+			const key = DBC.getRequestKey(actualTarget, propertyKey);
+			if (DBC.paramValueRequests.has(key)) {
+				const paramMap = DBC.paramValueRequests.get(key)!;
+				for (const index of paramMap.keys()) {
+					if (index < methodArgs.length) {
+						for (const receptor of paramMap.get(index)!) {
+							receptor(methodArgs[index]);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				console.warn("No parameter value requests found for key:", key);
+			}
+			// #endregion	Check if a value of one of the method's parameter has been requested and pass it to the
+			//              receptor, if so.
+			return originalMethod.apply(this, methodArgs);
+		};
+		return descriptor;
+		// #endregion Method decorator path
+	}
+	// #endregion Parameter-value requests.
+	// #region Class
+	/**
+	 * A property-decorator factory serving as a **D**esign **B**y **C**ontract Invariant.
+	 * This invariant aims to check the instance of the class not the value to be get or set.
+	 *
+	 * @param contracts The {@link DBC }-Contracts the value shall uphold.
+	 *
+	 * @throws 	A {@link DBC.Infringement } whenever the property is tried to be get or set without the instance of it's class
+	 * 			fulfilling the specified **contracts**. */
+	public static decClassInvariant(
+		contracts: Array<{
+			check: (toCheck: unknown | null | undefined) => boolean | string;
+		}>,
+		path: string | undefined = undefined,
+		dbc = "WaXCode.DBC",
+	) {
+		let dbcInstance: DBC | undefined;
+		return (
+			target: unknown,
+			propertyKey: string | symbol,
+			descriptor: PropertyDescriptor,
+		) => {
+			if (!dbcInstance) dbcInstance = DBC.getDBC(dbc);
+			if (!dbcInstance.executionSettings.checkInvariants) {
+				return;
+			}
+			const originalSetter = descriptor.set;
+			const originalGetter = descriptor.get;
+			let value: any;
+			// #region Replace original property.
+			Object.defineProperty(target, propertyKey, {
+				get() {
+					if (!dbcInstance?.executionSettings.checkInvariants) {
+						return;
+					}
+					const realValue = path ? DBC.resolve(this, path) : this;
+					// #region Check if all "contracts" are fulfilled.
+					for (const contract of contracts) {
+						const result = contract.check(realValue);
+						if (typeof result === "string") {
+							dbcInstance?.reportFieldInfringement(
+								result,
+								target as object,
+								path,
+								propertyKey as string,
+								realValue,
+							);
+						}
+					}
+					// #endregion Check if all "contracts" are fulfilled.
+					return originalGetter ? (originalGetter as any)[propertyKey] : value;
+				},
+				set(newValue) {
+					if (!dbcInstance?.executionSettings.checkInvariants) {
+						return;
+					}
+					const realValue = path ? DBC.resolve(this, path) : this;
+					// #region Check if all "contracts" are fulfilled.
+					for (const contract of contracts) {
+						const result = contract.check(realValue);
+						if (typeof result === "string") {
+							dbcInstance?.reportFieldInfringement(
+								result,
+								target as object,
+								path,
+								propertyKey as string,
+								realValue,
+							);
+						}
+					}
+					// #endregion Check if all "contracts" are fulfilled.
+					value = newValue;
+				},
+				enumerable: true,
+				configurable: true,
+			});
+			// #endregion Replace original property.
+		};
+	}
+	// #endregion Class
+	// #region Invariant
+	/**
+	 * A property-decorator factory serving as a **D**esign **B**y **C**ontract Invariant.
+	 * Since the value must be initialized or set according to the specified **contracts** the value will only be checked
+	 * when assigning it.
+	 *
+	 * @param contracts The {@link DBC }-Contracts the value shall uphold.
+	 *
+	 * @throws 	A {@link DBC.Infringement } whenever the property is tried to be set to a value that does not comply to the
+	 * 			specified **contracts**, by the returned method.*/
+	public static decInvariant(
+		contracts: Array<{
+			check: (toCheck: unknown | null | undefined) => boolean | string;
+		}>,
+		path: string | undefined = undefined,
+		dbc: string | undefined = undefined,
+		hint: string | undefined = undefined,
+	) {
+		let dbcInstance: DBC | undefined;
+		return (target: unknown, propertyKey: string | symbol) => {
+			if (!dbcInstance) dbcInstance = DBC.getDBC(dbc);
+			if (!dbcInstance.executionSettings.checkInvariants) {
+				return;
+			}
+			let value: any;
+			// #region Replace original property.
+			Object.defineProperty(target, propertyKey, {
+				set(newValue) {
+					if (!dbcInstance?.executionSettings.checkInvariants) {
+						return;
+					}
+					const realValue = path ? DBC.resolve(newValue, path) : newValue;
+					// #region Check if all "contracts" are fulfilled.
+					for (const contract of contracts) {
+						const result = contract.check(realValue);
+						if (typeof result === "string") {
+							dbcInstance?.reportFieldInfringement(
+								result,
+								target as object,
+								path,
+								propertyKey as string,
+								realValue,
+								hint,
+							);
+						}
+					}
+					// #endregion Check if all "contracts" are fulfilled.
+					value = newValue;
+				},
+				enumerable: true,
+				configurable: true,
+			});
+			// #endregion Replace original property.
+		};
+	}
+	// #endregion Invariant
+	// #region Postcondition
+	/**
+	 * A method decorator factory checking the result of a method whenever it is invoked thus also usable on getters.
+	 *
+	 * @param check	The **(toCheck: any, object, string) => boolean | string** to use for checking.
+	 * @param dbc	See {@link DBC.resolveDBCPath }.
+	 * @param path	The dotted path referring to the actual value to check, starting form the specified one.
+	 *
+	 * @returns The **( target : object, propertyKey : string, descriptor : PropertyDescriptor ) : PropertyDescriptor**
+	 * 			invoked by Typescript.
+	 */
+	public static decPostcondition(
+		check: (
+			toCheck: any,
+			target: object,
+			propertyKey: string,
+		) => boolean | string,
+		dbc: string | undefined = undefined,
+		path: string | undefined = undefined,
+		hint: string | undefined = undefined,
+	) {
+		let dbcInstance: DBC | undefined;
+		return (
+			target: object,
+			propertyKey: string,
+			descriptor: PropertyDescriptor,
+		): PropertyDescriptor => {
+			const originalMethod = descriptor.value;
+			descriptor.value = (...args: any[]) => {
+				if (!dbcInstance) dbcInstance = DBC.getDBC(dbc);
+				if (!dbcInstance.executionSettings.checkPostconditions) {
+					return;
+				}
+				// biome-ignore lint/complexity/noThisInStatic: <explanation>
+				const result = originalMethod.apply(this, args);
+				const realValue = path ? DBC.resolve(result, path) : result;
+				const checkResult = check(realValue, target, propertyKey);
+				if (typeof checkResult === "string") {
+					dbcInstance.reportReturnvalueInfringement(
+						checkResult,
+						target,
+						path,
+						propertyKey,
+						realValue,
+						hint,
+					);
+				}
+				return result;
+			};
+			return descriptor;
+		};
+	}
+	// #endregion Postcondition
+	// #region Decorator
+	// #region Precondition
+	/**
+	 * A parameter-decorator factory that requests the tagged parameter's value passing it to the provided
+	 * "check"-method when the value becomes available.
+	 *
+	 * @param check	The "( unknown ) => void" to be invoked along with the tagged parameter's value as soon
+	 * 				as it becomes available.
+	 * @param dbc  	See {@link DBC.resolveDBCPath }.
+	 * @param path	The dotted path referring to the actual value to check, starting form the specified one.
+	 * 				May contain :: to separate multiple paths.
+	 *
+	 * @returns The **(target: object, methodName: string | symbol, parameterIndex: number ) => void** invoked by Typescript- */
+	protected static decPrecondition(
+		check: (
+			value: unknown,
+			target: object,
+			methodName: string | symbol | undefined,
+			parameterIndex: number,
+		) => boolean | string,
+		dbc: string | undefined = undefined,
+		path: string | undefined = undefined,
+		hint: string | undefined = undefined,
+	): (
+		target: object,
+		methodName: string | symbol | undefined,
+		parameterIndex: number,
+	) => void {
+		const paths = path ? path.replace(/ /g, "").split("::") : [undefined];
+		let dbcInstance: DBC | undefined;
+		return (
+			target: object,
+			methodName: string | symbol | undefined,
+			parameterIndex: number,
+		): void => {
+			DBC.requestParamValue(
+				target,
+				methodName,
+				parameterIndex,
+				(value: unknown) => {
+					if (!dbcInstance) dbcInstance = DBC.getDBC(dbc);
+					if (!dbcInstance.executionSettings.checkPreconditions) {
+						return;
+					}
+					for (const singlePath of paths) {
+						const realValue = singlePath
+							? DBC.resolve(value, singlePath)
+							: value;
+						const result = check(realValue, target, methodName, parameterIndex);
+						if (typeof result === "string") {
+							dbcInstance.reportParameterInfringement(
+								result,
+								target,
+								singlePath,
+								methodName as string,
+								parameterIndex,
+								realValue,
+								hint,
+							);
+						}
+					}
+				},
+			);
+		};
+	}
+	// #endregion Precondition
+	// #endregion Decorator
+	// #region Contract Factory Helpers
+	/**
+	 * Creates a PRE decorator from a checkAlgorithm function and its bound arguments.
+	 * Reduces boilerplate across contract classes.
+	 *
+	 * @param checkFn  A function that takes (value, ...boundArgs) and returns true or an error string.
+	 * @param boundArgs The arguments to bind to the check function after the value.
+	 * @param dbc      See {@link DBC.decPrecondition}.
+	 * @param path     See {@link DBC.decPrecondition}.
+	 * @param hint     See {@link DBC.decPrecondition}.
+	 */
+	public static createPRE(
+		checkFn: (...args: any[]) => boolean | string,
+		boundArgs: any[],
+		dbc?: string,
+		path?: string,
+		hint?: string,
+	) {
+		return DBC.decPrecondition(
+			(value, _target, _methodName, _parameterIndex) => {
+				return checkFn(value, ...boundArgs);
+			},
+			dbc,
+			path,
+			hint,
+		);
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Creates a POST decorator from a checkAlgorithm function and its bound arguments.
+	 *
+	 * @param checkFn  A function that takes (value, ...boundArgs) and returns true or an error string.
+	 * @param boundArgs The arguments to bind to the check function after the value.
+	 * @param dbc      See {@link DBC.decPostcondition}.
+	 * @param path     See {@link DBC.decPostcondition}.
+	 * @param hint     See {@link DBC.decPostcondition}.
+	 */
+	public static createPOST(
+		checkFn: (...args: any[]) => boolean | string,
+		boundArgs: any[],
+		dbc?: string,
+		path?: string,
+		hint?: string,
+	) {
+		return DBC.decPostcondition(
+			(value, _target, _propertyKey) => {
+				return checkFn(value, ...boundArgs);
+			},
+			dbc,
+			path,
+			hint,
+		);
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Creates an INVARIANT decorator from a contract constructor and its bound arguments.
+	 *
+	 * @param ContractClass A class with a constructor that produces an object with a `check` method.
+	 * @param ctorArgs      The arguments to pass to the contract constructor.
+	 * @param dbc           See {@link DBC.decInvariant}.
+	 * @param path          See {@link DBC.decInvariant}.
+	 * @param hint          See {@link DBC.decInvariant}.
+	 */
+	public static createINVARIANT(
+		ContractClass: new (
+			...args: any[]
+		) => { check: (toCheck: unknown | null | undefined) => boolean | string },
+		ctorArgs: any[],
+		dbc?: string,
+		path?: string,
+		hint?: string,
+	) {
+		return DBC.decInvariant([new ContractClass(...ctorArgs)], path, dbc, hint);
+	}
+	// #endregion Contract Factory Helpers
+	// #region Execution Handling
+	/** Stores settings concerning the execution of checks. */
+	public executionSettings: {
+		checkPreconditions: boolean;
+		checkPostconditions: boolean;
+		checkInvariants: boolean;
+	} = {
+		checkPreconditions: true,
+		checkPostconditions: true,
+		checkInvariants: true,
+	};
+	// #endregion Execution Handling
+	// #region Warning handling.
+	/** Stores settings concerning warnings. */
+	public warningSettings: {
+		logToConsole: boolean;
+	} = { logToConsole: true };
+	/**
+	 * Reports a warning.
+	 *
+	 * @param message The message containing the warning. */
+	protected reportWarning(message: string): undefined {
+		if (this.warningSettings.logToConsole) {
+			console.warn(message);
+		}
+	}
+	// #endregion Warning handling.
+	// #region infringement handling.
+	/** Stores the settings concerning infringements */
+	public infringementSettings: {
+		throwException: boolean;
+		logToConsole: boolean;
+		onInfringement:
+			| ((
+					infringement: InstanceType<typeof DBC.Infringement>,
+					context: {
+						type: "precondition" | "postcondition" | "invariant";
+						value: unknown;
+					},
+			  ) => void)
+			| undefined;
+	} = { throwException: true, logToConsole: false, onInfringement: undefined };
+	/** Sanitizes a value for safe inclusion in error messages. */
+	private static sanitize(value: unknown): string {
+		const str = typeof value === "string" ? value : String(value);
+		return str.replace(/[<>&"']/g, (ch) => {
+			switch (ch) {
+				case "<":
+					return "&lt;";
+				case ">":
+					return "&gt;";
+				case "&":
+					return "&amp;";
+				case '"':
+					return "&quot;";
+				case "'":
+					return "&#39;";
+				default:
+					return ch;
+			}
+		});
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Reports an infringement according to the {@link infringementSettings } also generating a proper {@link string }-wrapper
+	 * for the given "message" & violator.
+	 *
+	 * @param message	The {@link string } describing the infringement and it's provenience.
+	 * @param violator 	The {@link string } describing or naming the violator. */
+	protected reportInfringement(
+		message: string,
+		violator: string,
+		target: object,
+		value: unknown,
+		path: string | undefined,
+		hint: string | undefined = undefined,
+		type: "precondition" | "postcondition" | "invariant" = "precondition",
+	): undefined {
+		const safeViolator = DBC.sanitize(violator);
+		const targetName =
+			typeof target === "function"
+				? DBC.sanitize(target.name)
+				: typeof target === "object" &&
+						target !== null &&
+						typeof target.constructor === "function"
+					? DBC.sanitize(target.constructor.name)
+					: DBC.sanitize(target);
+		const finalMessage: string = `[ From "${safeViolator}" in "${targetName}"${path ? ` > "${DBC.sanitize(path)}"` : ""}: ${message} ${hint ? `✨ ${hint} ✨` : ""}]`;
+		const infringement = new DBC.Infringement(finalMessage);
+		if (this.infringementSettings.logToConsole) {
+			console.log(finalMessage);
+		}
+		if (this.infringementSettings.onInfringement) {
+			this.infringementSettings.onInfringement(infringement, { type, value });
+		}
+		if (this.infringementSettings.throwException) {
+			throw infringement;
+		}
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Reports a parameter-infringement via {@link reportInfringement } also generating a proper {@link string }-wrapper
+	 * for the given "message","method", parameter-"index" & value.
+	 *
+	 * @param message	The {@link string } describing the infringement and it's provenience.
+	 * @param method 	The {@link string } describing or naming the violator.
+	 * @param index		The index of the parameter within the argument listing.
+	 * @param value 	The parameter's value. */
+	public reportParameterInfringement(
+		message: string,
+		target: object,
+		path: string | undefined,
+		method: string,
+		index: number,
+		value: unknown,
+		hint: string | undefined = undefined,
+	): undefined {
+		const properIndex = index + 1;
+		this.reportInfringement(
+			`[ Parameter-value "${value}" of the ${properIndex}${properIndex === 1 ? "st" : properIndex === 2 ? "nd" : properIndex === 3 ? "rd" : "th"} parameter did not fulfill one of it's contracts: ${message} ]`,
+			method,
+			target,
+			value,
+			path,
+			hint,
+			"precondition",
+		);
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Reports a field-infringement via {@link reportInfringement } also generating a proper {@link string }-wrapper
+	 * for the given **message** & **name**.
+	 *
+	 * @param message	A {@link string } describing the infringement and it's provenience.
+	 * @param key 		The property key.
+	 * @param path		The dotted-path {@link string } that leads to the value not fulfilling the contract starting from
+	 * 					the tagged one.
+	 * @param value		The value not fulfilling a contract. */
+	public reportFieldInfringement(
+		message: string,
+		target: object,
+		path: string | undefined,
+		key: string,
+		value: unknown,
+		hint: string | undefined = undefined,
+	): undefined {
+		this.reportInfringement(
+			`[ New value for "${key}"${path === undefined ? "" : `.${path}`} with value "${value}" did not fulfill one of it's contracts: ${message} ]`,
+			key,
+			target,
+			value,
+			path,
+			hint,
+			"invariant",
+		);
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Reports a returnvalue-infringement according via {@link reportInfringement } also generating a proper {@link string }-wrapper
+	 * for the given "message","method" & value.
+	 *
+	 * @param message	The {@link string } describing the infringement and it's provenience.
+	 * @param method 	The {@link string } describing or naming the violator.
+	 * @param value		The parameter's value. */
+	public reportReturnvalueInfringement(
+		message: string,
+		target: object,
+		path: string | undefined,
+		method: string,
+		value: any,
+		hint: string | undefined = undefined,
+	) {
+		this.reportInfringement(
+			`[ Return-value "${value}" did not fulfill one of it's contracts: ${message} ]`,
+			method,
+			target,
+			value,
+			path,
+			hint,
+			"postcondition",
+		);
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Routes an imperative infringement (from {@link tsCheck } or static {@link check } calls) through the
+	 * registered DBC instance's {@link infringementSettings }, respecting whether to throw, log, or both.
+	 * Falls back to throwing {@link DBC.Infringement } directly if no DBC instance is registered at the
+	 * specified path, preserving the pre-existing behaviour for code that does not register a DBC instance.
+	 *
+	 * @param message	The fully formatted infringement message.
+	 * @param dbc		The path to the DBC instance. Defaults to `"WaXCode.DBC"`. */
+	public static reportTsCheckInfringement(
+		message: string,
+		dbc: string | undefined = undefined,
+		value: unknown = undefined,
+	): void {
+		const infringement = new DBC.Infringement(message);
+		let dbcInstance: DBC | undefined;
+		try {
+			dbcInstance = DBC.getDBC(dbc);
+		} catch {
+			throw infringement;
+		}
+		if (dbcInstance.infringementSettings.logToConsole) {
+			console.log(message);
+		}
+		if (dbcInstance.infringementSettings.onInfringement) {
+			dbcInstance.infringementSettings.onInfringement(infringement, {
+				type: "precondition",
+				value,
+			});
+		}
+		if (dbcInstance.infringementSettings.throwException) {
+			throw infringement;
+		}
+	}
+	// #region Classes
+	// #region Errors
+	/** An {@link Error } to be thrown whenever an infringement is detected. */
+	public static Infringement = class extends Error {
+		/**
+		 * Constructs this {@link Error } by tagging the specified message-{@link string } as an XDBC-Infringement.
+		 *
+		 * @param message The {@link string } describing the infringement. */
+		constructor(message: string) {
+			super(`[ XDBC Infringement ${message}]`);
+		}
+	};
+	// #endregion Errors
+	// #endregion Classes
+	// #endregion infringement handling.
+	/**
+	 * Resolves the specified dotted {@link string }-path to a {@link DBC }.
+	 *
+	 * @param obj 	The {@link object } to start resolving from.
+	 * @param path 	The dotted {@link string }-path leading to the {@link DBC }.
+	 *
+	 * @returns The requested {@link DBC }.
+	 */
+	static resolveDBCPath = (obj: any, path: string): DBC =>
+		path
+			?.split(".")
+			.reduce((accumulator: any, current: string) => accumulator[current], obj);
+	/**
+	 * Constructs this {@link DBC } without mounting it on the global namespace.
+	 * Use {@link DBC.register } to make the instance available at a specific path on globalThis.
+	 *
+	 * @param infringementSettings 	See {@link DBC.infringementSettings }.
+	 * @param executionSettings		See {@link DBC.executionSettings }. */
+	constructor(
+		infringementSettings: {
+			throwException: boolean;
+			logToConsole: boolean;
+			onInfringement?: (
+				infringement: InstanceType<typeof DBC.Infringement>,
+				context: {
+					type: "precondition" | "postcondition" | "invariant";
+					value: unknown;
+				},
+			) => void;
+		} = { throwException: true, logToConsole: false },
+		executionSettings: {
+			checkPreconditions: boolean;
+			checkPostconditions: boolean;
+			checkInvariants: boolean;
+		} = {
+			checkPreconditions: true,
+			checkPostconditions: true,
+			checkInvariants: true,
+		},
+	) {
+		this.infringementSettings = {
+			...infringementSettings,
+			onInfringement: infringementSettings.onInfringement ?? undefined,
+		};
+		this.executionSettings = executionSettings;
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Registers a {@link DBC } instance at the specified dotted path on globalThis (or window),
+	 * making it available for decorator resolution via string paths.
+	 *
+	 * @param instance	The {@link DBC } instance to register.
+	 * @param path		The dotted path to register at (default: `"WaXCode.DBC"`). */
+	static register(instance: DBC, path = "WaXCode.DBC"): void {
+		const segments = path.split(".");
+		let obj: any = DBC.getHost();
+		for (let i = 0; i < segments.length - 1; i++) {
+			if (obj[segments[i]] === undefined) obj[segments[i]] = {};
+			obj = obj[segments[i]];
+		}
+		obj[segments[segments.length - 1]] = instance;
+		DBC.dbcCache.set(path, instance);
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Executes a callback with an isolated {@link DBC } instance temporarily registered at the default path.
+	 * The previous instance (if any) is restored after the callback completes — even if it throws.
+	 * Useful for test isolation.
+	 *
+	 * @param fn The callback receiving the isolated {@link DBC } instance. */
+	static isolated(fn: (dbc: DBC) => void): void {
+		const saved = DBC.dbcCache.get("WaXCode.DBC");
+		const testDbc = new DBC();
+		DBC.register(testDbc);
+		try {
+			fn(testDbc);
+		} finally {
+			if (saved) {
+				DBC.register(saved);
+			} else {
+				DBC.dbcCache.delete("WaXCode.DBC");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Resolves the desired {@link object } out a given one **toResolveFrom** using the specified **path**.
+	 *
+	 * @param toResolveFrom The {@link object } starting to resolve from.
+	 * @param path			The dotted path-{@link string }.
+	 * 						This string uses ., [...], and () to represent accessing nested properties,
+	 * 						array elements/object keys, and calling methods, respectively, mimicking JavaScript syntax to navigate
+	 * 						an object's structure. Code, e.g. something like a.b( 1 as number ).c, will not be executed and
+	 * 						thus make the retrieval fail.
+	 *
+	 * @returns The requested {@link object }, NULL or UNDEFINED. */
+	public static resolve(toResolveFrom: unknown, path: string) {
+		if (!toResolveFrom || typeof path !== "string") {
+			return undefined;
+		}
+		// Security: block prototype pollution paths
+		const dangerousTokens = ["__proto__", "constructor", "prototype"];
+		const cachedParts = DBC.pathTokenCache.get(path);
+		const parts =
+			cachedParts ?? path.replace(/\[(['"]?)(.*?)\1\]/g, ".$2").split(".");
+		if (!cachedParts) {
+			// Validate tokens before caching
+			for (const part of parts) {
+				const tokenName = part.replace(/\(.*\)$/, "");
+				if (dangerousTokens.indexOf(tokenName) >= 0) {
+					throw new Error(
+						`[XDBC] Path "${path}" contains forbidden token "${tokenName}".`,
+					);
+				}
+			}
+			DBC.evictIfNeeded(DBC.pathTokenCache);
+			DBC.pathTokenCache.set(path, parts);
+		}
+		let current: any = toResolveFrom;
+		for (const part of parts) {
+			if (current === null || typeof current === "undefined") {
+				return undefined;
+			}
+			const methodMatch = part.match(/(\w+)\((.*)\)/);
+			if (methodMatch) {
+				const methodName = methodMatch[1];
+				const argsStr = methodMatch[2];
+				const args = argsStr.split(",").map((arg) => arg.trim());
+				if (typeof current[methodName] === "function") {
+					current = current[methodName].apply(current, args);
+				} else {
+					return undefined;
+				}
+			} else {
+				if (
+					typeof window !== "undefined" &&
+					typeof HTMLElement !== "undefined" &&
+					current instanceof HTMLElement &&
+					part.startsWith("@")
+				) {
+					current = current.getAttribute(part.slice(1));
+				} else if (
+					typeof current === "object" &&
+					current !== null &&
+					part in current
+				) {
+					current = current[part];
+				} else if (
+					typeof window !== "undefined" &&
+					typeof HTMLElement !== "undefined" &&
+					current instanceof HTMLElement
+				) {
+					current = undefined;
+				} else {
+					current = undefined;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return current;
+	}
+}
+// Register the default instance with standard settings.
+DBC.register(new DBC());