xbintsc 0.2.9 → 0.3.3

package/src/binder/binder.ts

@@ -7,176 +7,50 @@
  *
  * The result is deliberately plain data — maps and records — so it can be
  * cached, serialized for the incremental build, and unit tested in isolation.
+ *
+ * The walk is split by functional area into sibling modules:
+ *   - `types`        — the plain-data symbol/scope model
+ *   - `declarations` — symbol/scope creation and hoisting
+ *   - `references`   — identifier resolution and capture analysis
+ *   - `helpers`      — small AST utilities
  */
 
-import { NodeFlags, ModifierKind } from "../ast/kinds.js";
+import { NodeFlags } from "../ast/kinds.js";
+import type { Identifier, Node, SourceFileNode } from "../ast/nodes.js";
 import {
-  SyntaxKind,
-  type ArrowFunction,
-  type BindingName,
-  type Block,
-  type ClassDeclaration,
-  type ClassExpression,
-  type ConstructorDeclaration,
-  type FunctionDeclaration,
-  type FunctionExpression,
-  type Identifier,
-  type MethodDeclaration,
-  type Node,
-  type PropertyDeclaration,
-  type PropertyName,
-  type SourceFileNode,
-  type Statement,
-  type Expression,
-  type VariableDeclarationList,
-  type VariableStatement,
-  type ImportDeclaration,
-  type ExportDeclaration,
-  type CatchClause,
-  type ForStatement,
-  type ForOfStatement,
-  type ForInStatement,
-} from "../ast/nodes.js";
-
-export enum SymbolKind {
-  Var = "var",
-  Let = "let",
-  Const = "const",
-  Function = "function",
-  Parameter = "parameter",
-  Class = "class",
-  Interface = "interface",
-  TypeAlias = "type",
-  Enum = "enum",
-  Import = "import",
-  Namespace = "namespace",
-}
-
-export interface SymbolInfo {
-  readonly id: number;
-  readonly name: string;
-  readonly kind: SymbolKind;
-  /** False for `const` bindings and imports. */
-  readonly mutable: boolean;
-  /** The function this symbol belongs to. */
-  readonly fn: FunctionInfo;
-  readonly declarations: Node[];
-  readonly references: Identifier[];
-  /** Set when referenced from a nested function. */
-  captured: boolean;
-  /** Assigned after construction once we know it is captured. */
-  boxed: boolean;
-}
-
-export type FunctionNode = SourceFileNode | FunctionDeclaration | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunction;
-
-export interface FunctionInfo {
-  readonly id: number;
-  readonly name: string;
-  readonly node: FunctionNode;
-  readonly parent?: FunctionInfo;
-  readonly scope: Scope;
-  readonly params: SymbolInfo[];
-  /** Every binding declared directly in this function (params + locals). */
-  readonly locals: SymbolInfo[];
-  /** Outer bindings referenced by this function or any descendant. */
-  readonly captures: SymbolInfo[];
-  readonly captureIndex: Map<number, number>;
-  readonly isModule: boolean;
-  readonly isArrow: boolean;
-  /** True when the function was declared `async`. */
-  readonly isAsync: boolean;
-  /** True when this function's body mentions `this` directly. */
-  usesThis: boolean;
-  /** True when an arrow function must receive `this` from its enclosing scope. */
-  capturesThis: boolean;
-  /** Set for class methods/constructors; carries the owning class. */
-  classInfo?: ClassInfo;
-  /** True for `static` class members. */
-  isStatic?: boolean;
-  /** True for an explicit `constructor`. */
-  isConstructor?: boolean;
-}
-
-export interface ClassInfo {
-  readonly id: number;
-  readonly name: string;
-  readonly node: Node;
-  readonly scope: Scope;
-  readonly parent?: ClassInfo;
-  readonly parentExpression?: Expression;
-  /** `this`-bearing fields declared on the class. */
-  readonly fields: ClassFieldInfo[];
-  readonly methods: FunctionInfo[];
-  readonly statics: FunctionInfo[];
-  ctor?: FunctionInfo;
-  /** The symbol the class name binds to, when there is one. */
-}
-
-export interface ClassFieldInfo {
-  readonly name: string;
-  readonly initializer: Expression | undefined;
-  readonly fn: FunctionInfo;
-  readonly isStatic: boolean;
-}
-
-export enum ScopeKind {
-  Module = "module",
-  Function = "function",
-  Block = "block",
-  For = "for",
-  Catch = "catch",
-}
-
-export interface Scope {
-  readonly kind: ScopeKind;
-  readonly parent?: Scope;
-  readonly fn: FunctionInfo;
-  readonly symbols: Map<string, SymbolInfo>;
-  /** The syntax node that introduced the scope, when there is one. */
-  readonly node?: Node;
-}
-
-export interface BindResult {
-  readonly moduleFunction: FunctionInfo;
-  readonly functions: FunctionInfo[];
-  readonly classes: ClassInfo[];
-  /** Maps a class-like AST node to the ClassInfo the binder built. */
-  readonly classOfNode: Map<Node, ClassInfo>;
-  /** Maps a function-like AST node to the FunctionInfo the binder built for it. */
-  readonly functionOfNode: Map<Node, FunctionInfo>;
-  readonly symbolOfDeclaration: Map<Node, SymbolInfo>;
-  readonly symbolOfIdentifier: Map<Identifier, SymbolInfo>;
-  readonly scopes: Map<Node, Scope>;
-  /** Identifier references that could not be resolved in user code. */
-  readonly unresolved: Identifier[];
-}
-
-interface MutableFunction extends FunctionInfo {
-  locals: SymbolInfo[];
-  captures: SymbolInfo[];
-  captureIndex: Map<number, number>;
-}
+  ScopeKind,
+  type ClassInfo,
+  type FunctionInfo,
+  type MutableFunction,
+  type Scope,
+  type SymbolInfo,
+  type BindResult,
+  type FunctionNode,
+} from "./types.js";
+import { declarationMethods, type DeclarationMethods } from "./declarations.js";
+import { referenceMethods, type ReferenceMethods } from "./references.js";
+
+export * from "./types.js";
 
 export function bind(sourceFile: SourceFileNode): BindResult {
   const binder = new Binder(sourceFile);
   return binder.bind();
 }
 
-class Binder {
-  private readonly functions: FunctionInfo[] = [];
-  private readonly classes: ClassInfo[] = [];
-  private readonly classOfNode = new Map<Node, ClassInfo>();
-  private readonly symbolOfDeclaration = new Map<Node, SymbolInfo>();
-  private readonly symbolOfIdentifier = new Map<Identifier, SymbolInfo>();
-  private readonly scopes = new Map<Node, Scope>();
-  private readonly unresolved: Identifier[] = [];
-  private nextSymbolId = 1;
-  private nextFunctionId = 1;
-  private nextClassId = 1;
-  private current!: MutableFunction;
-
-  constructor(private readonly sourceFile: SourceFileNode) {}
+export class Binder {
+  readonly functions: FunctionInfo[] = [];
+  readonly classes: ClassInfo[] = [];
+  readonly classOfNode = new Map<Node, ClassInfo>();
+  readonly symbolOfDeclaration = new Map<Node, SymbolInfo>();
+  readonly symbolOfIdentifier = new Map<Identifier, SymbolInfo>();
+  readonly scopes = new Map<Node, Scope>();
+  readonly unresolved: Identifier[] = [];
+  nextSymbolId = 1;
+  nextFunctionId = 1;
+  nextClassId = 1;
+  current!: MutableFunction;
+
+  constructor(readonly sourceFile: SourceFileNode) {}
 
   bind(): BindResult {
     this.current = this.createFunction("(module)", this.sourceFile, undefined, true, false);
@@ -214,7 +88,7 @@ class Binder {
 
   // -- construction helpers ------------------------------------------------
 
-  private createFunction(
+  createFunction(
     name: string,
     node: FunctionNode,
     parent: MutableFunction | undefined,
@@ -241,571 +115,12 @@ class Binder {
     return fn;
   }
 
-  private createScope(kind: ScopeKind, node: Node | undefined, parent: Scope | undefined): Scope {
+  createScope(kind: ScopeKind, node: Node | undefined, parent: Scope | undefined): Scope {
     return { kind, node, parent, fn: this.current, symbols: new Map() };
   }
-
-  /** Declare every identifier introduced by a (possibly destructured) binding. */
-  private declareBinding(
-    name: BindingName,
-    kind: SymbolKind,
-    declaration: Node,
-    scope: Scope,
-    mutable: boolean,
-  ): SymbolInfo | undefined {
-    if (name.kind === SyntaxKind.Identifier) {
-      return this.declare(name.text, kind, declaration, scope, mutable);
-    }
-    let first: SymbolInfo | undefined;
-    const pattern = name as import("../ast/declarations.js").ArrayBindingPattern | import("../ast/declarations.js").ObjectBindingPattern;
-    for (const element of pattern.elements) {
-      if (!element) continue;
-      const symbol = this.declareBinding(element.name, kind, element.name, scope, mutable);
-      if (!first) first = symbol;
-    }
-    return first;
-  }
-
-  private declare(
-    name: string,
-    kind: SymbolKind,
-    node: Node,
-    scope: Scope,
-    mutable: boolean,
-  ): SymbolInfo {
-    const existing = scope.symbols.get(name);
-    if (existing) {
-      // `var` redeclarations and duplicate functions merge into one symbol.
-      if (
-        (kind === SymbolKind.Var && existing.kind === SymbolKind.Var) ||
-        (kind === SymbolKind.Function && existing.kind === SymbolKind.Function)
-      ) {
-        (existing.declarations as Node[]).push(node);
-      }
-      this.symbolOfDeclaration.set(node, existing);
-      return existing;
-    }
-    const symbol: SymbolInfo = {
-      id: this.nextSymbolId++,
-      name,
-      kind,
-      mutable,
-      fn: this.current,
-      declarations: [node],
-      references: [],
-      captured: false,
-      boxed: false,
-    };
-    scope.symbols.set(name, symbol);
-    this.symbolOfDeclaration.set(node, symbol);
-    if (scope.fn === this.current) this.current.locals.push(symbol);
-    return symbol;
-  }
-
-  // -- declaration passes --------------------------------------------------
-
-  /** Pre-declare block-scoped bindings that appear directly in `statements`. */
-  private predeclareStatements(statements: readonly Statement[], scope: Scope): void {
-    for (const statement of statements) {
-      switch (statement.kind) {
-        case SyntaxKind.VariableStatement: {
-          this.predeclareVariableList((statement as VariableStatement).declarationList, scope);
-          break;
-        }
-        case SyntaxKind.FunctionDeclaration:
-          this.declare((statement as FunctionDeclaration).name?.text ?? "(anonymous)", SymbolKind.Function, statement, scope, true);
-          break;
-        case SyntaxKind.ClassDeclaration:
-          this.declare((statement as { name: Identifier }).name.text, SymbolKind.Class, statement, scope, false);
-          break;
-        case SyntaxKind.InterfaceDeclaration:
-          this.declare((statement as { name: Identifier }).name.text, SymbolKind.Interface, statement, scope, false);
-          break;
-        case SyntaxKind.TypeAliasDeclaration:
-          this.declare((statement as { name: Identifier }).name.text, SymbolKind.TypeAlias, statement, scope, false);
-          break;
-        case SyntaxKind.EnumDeclaration:
-          this.declare((statement as { name: Identifier }).name.text, SymbolKind.Enum, statement, scope, true);
-          break;
-        case SyntaxKind.ImportDeclaration:
-          this.predeclareImport(statement as ImportDeclaration, scope);
-          break;
-        case SyntaxKind.ExportDeclaration: {
-          const exported = statement as ExportDeclaration;
-          if (exported.exportClause && exported.exportClause.kind === SyntaxKind.NamedExports) {
-            for (const specifier of exported.exportClause.elements) {
-              if (specifier.propertyName) this.reference(specifier.propertyName, scope);
-            }
-          }
-          break;
-        }
-        case SyntaxKind.ModuleDeclaration:
-          this.declare((statement as { name: Identifier }).name.text, SymbolKind.Namespace, statement, scope, false);
-          break;
-        default:
-          break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  private predeclareVariableList(list: VariableDeclarationList, scope: Scope): void {
-    const kind =
-      list.declarationKind === "const"
-        ? SymbolKind.Const
-        : list.declarationKind === "var"
-          ? SymbolKind.Var
-          : SymbolKind.Let;
-    for (const declaration of list.declarations) {
-      this.declareBinding(declaration.name, kind, declaration, scope, kind !== SymbolKind.Const);
-    }
-  }
-
-  private predeclareImport(node: ImportDeclaration, scope: Scope): void {
-    const clause = node.importClause;
-    if (!clause) return;
-    if (clause.name) this.declare(clause.name.text, SymbolKind.Import, clause.name, scope, false);
-    const bindings = clause.namedBindings;
-    if (bindings && bindings.kind === SyntaxKind.NamedImports) {
-      for (const specifier of bindings.elements) {
-        this.declare(specifier.name.text, SymbolKind.Import, specifier.name, scope, false);
-      }
-    } else if (bindings && bindings.kind === SyntaxKind.NamespaceImport) {
-      this.declare(bindings.name.text, SymbolKind.Import, bindings.name, scope, false);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Collect `var` and function declarations from nested blocks into the
-   * enclosing function scope, without crossing function boundaries.
-   */
-  private collectFunctionScoped(statements: readonly Statement[], fn: MutableFunction): void {
-    const visit = (node: Node): void => {
-      switch (node.kind) {
-        case SyntaxKind.FunctionDeclaration:
-        case SyntaxKind.FunctionExpression:
-        case SyntaxKind.ArrowFunction:
-        case SyntaxKind.ClassDeclaration:
-        case SyntaxKind.ClassExpression:
-          return; // opaque, except we still want the declaration name handled at its site
-        case SyntaxKind.VariableStatement: {
-          const decl = node as VariableStatement;
-          if (decl.declarationList.declarationKind === "var") {
-            for (const d of decl.declarationList.declarations) {
-              const existing = d.name.kind === SyntaxKind.Identifier ? fn.scope.symbols.get(d.name.text) : undefined;
-              if (!existing) this.declareBinding(d.name, SymbolKind.Var, d, fn.scope, true);
-              else if (d.name.kind === SyntaxKind.Identifier) this.symbolOfDeclaration.set(d, existing);
-            }
-          }
-          return;
-        }
-        default:
-          break;
-      }
-      for (const child of childNodes(node)) visit(child);
-    };
-    for (const statement of statements) {
-      if (
-        statement.kind === SyntaxKind.FunctionDeclaration ||
-        statement.kind === SyntaxKind.ClassDeclaration
-      ) {
-        const name = (statement as { name: Identifier }).name.text;
-        if (!fn.scope.symbols.has(name)) {
-          this.declare(name, statement.kind === SyntaxKind.FunctionDeclaration ? SymbolKind.Function : SymbolKind.Class, statement, fn.scope, statement.kind === SyntaxKind.FunctionDeclaration);
-        }
-        continue;
-      }
-      visit(statement);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // -- reference pass ------------------------------------------------------
-
-  private bindStatements(statements: readonly Statement[], scope: Scope): void {
-    for (const statement of statements) this.bindNode(statement, scope);
-  }
-
-  private bindBlock(block: Block, scope: Scope): void {
-    const blockScope = this.createScope(ScopeKind.Block, block, scope);
-    this.scopes.set(block, blockScope);
-    this.predeclareStatements(block.statements, blockScope);
-    this.bindStatements(block.statements, blockScope);
-  }
-
-  private bindNode(node: Node | undefined, scope: Scope): void {
-    if (!node) return;
-    switch (node.kind) {
-      case SyntaxKind.Block:
-        this.bindBlock(node as Block, scope);
-        return;
-      case SyntaxKind.VariableStatement:
-        this.bindVariableList((node as VariableStatement).declarationList, scope);
-        return;
-      case SyntaxKind.FunctionDeclaration: {
-        const fn = node as FunctionDeclaration;
-        const symbol = this.symbolOfDeclaration.get(fn);
-        if (symbol) (symbol.declarations as Node[]).length; // keep declaration mapping warm
-        this.bindFunction(fn, scope, symbol);
-        return;
-      }
-      case SyntaxKind.FunctionExpression:
-      case SyntaxKind.ArrowFunction:
-        this.bindFunction(node as FunctionExpression | ArrowFunction, scope, undefined);
-        return;
-      case SyntaxKind.Identifier:
-        this.reference(node as Identifier, scope);
-        return;
-      case SyntaxKind.PropertyAccessExpression:
-        // `obj.name` reads a property, not a variable named `name`.
-        this.bindNode((node as unknown as { expression: Expression }).expression, scope);
-        return;
-      case SyntaxKind.ElementAccessExpression: {
-        const access = node as unknown as { expression: Expression; argumentExpression: Expression };
-        this.bindNode(access.expression, scope);
-        this.bindNode(access.argumentExpression, scope);
-        return;
-      }
-      case SyntaxKind.PropertyAssignment: {
-        // `{ key: value }` / `{ key() {} }`: only the value is an expression,
-        // except a computed key (`{ [expr]: value }`) whose expression is real.
-        const property = node as unknown as { name: PropertyName; initializer: Expression };
-        if (property.name.kind === SyntaxKind.ComputedPropertyName) {
-          this.bindNode((property.name as unknown as { expression: Expression }).expression, scope);
-        }
-        this.bindNode(property.initializer, scope);
-        return;
-      }
-      case SyntaxKind.ShorthandPropertyAssignment:
-        this.reference((node as unknown as { name: Identifier }).name, scope);
-        return;
-      case SyntaxKind.LabeledStatement:
-        this.bindNode((node as unknown as { statement: Node }).statement, scope);
-        return;
-      case SyntaxKind.BreakStatement:
-      case SyntaxKind.ContinueStatement:
-        return;
-      case SyntaxKind.ThisKeyword:
-        this.current.usesThis = true;
-        return;
-      case SyntaxKind.ClassDeclaration:
-      case SyntaxKind.ClassExpression:
-        this.bindClass(node as ClassDeclaration | ClassExpression, scope);
-        return;
-      case SyntaxKind.InterfaceDeclaration:
-      case SyntaxKind.TypeAliasDeclaration:
-        // Type-only: skip the body entirely.
-        return;
-      case SyntaxKind.ImportDeclaration:
-        return;
-      case SyntaxKind.ExportDeclaration: {
-        const exported = node as ExportDeclaration;
-        if (exported.exportClause && exported.exportClause.kind === SyntaxKind.NamedExports) {
-          for (const specifier of exported.exportClause.elements) {
-            if (specifier.propertyName) this.reference(specifier.propertyName, scope);
-          }
-        }
-        return;
-      }
-      case SyntaxKind.ExportAssignment:
-        this.bindNode((node as unknown as { expression: Expression }).expression, scope);
-        return;
-      case SyntaxKind.ForStatement: {
-        const forNode = node as ForStatement;
-        const forScope = this.createScope(ScopeKind.For, forNode, scope);
-        this.scopes.set(forNode, forScope);
-        if (forNode.initializer) {
-          if (forNode.initializer.kind === SyntaxKind.VariableDeclarationList) {
-            this.predeclareVariableList(forNode.initializer as VariableDeclarationList, forScope);
-            this.bindVariableList(forNode.initializer as VariableDeclarationList, forScope);
-          } else {
-            this.bindNode(forNode.initializer, forScope);
-          }
-        }
-        this.bindNode(forNode.condition, forScope);
-        this.bindNode(forNode.incrementor, forScope);
-        this.bindNode(forNode.statement, forScope);
-        return;
-      }
-      case SyntaxKind.ForOfStatement:
-      case SyntaxKind.ForInStatement: {
-        const loop = node as ForOfStatement | ForInStatement;
-        const loopScope = this.createScope(ScopeKind.For, loop, scope);
-        this.scopes.set(loop, loopScope);
-        if (loop.initializer.kind === SyntaxKind.VariableDeclarationList) {
-          this.predeclareVariableList(loop.initializer, loopScope);
-          this.bindVariableList(loop.initializer, loopScope);
-        } else {
-          this.bindNode(loop.initializer, loopScope);
-        }
-        this.bindNode(loop.expression, loopScope);
-        this.bindNode(loop.statement, loopScope);
-        return;
-      }
-      case SyntaxKind.CatchClause: {
-        const clause = node as CatchClause;
-        const catchScope = this.createScope(ScopeKind.Catch, clause, scope);
-        this.scopes.set(clause, catchScope);
-        if (clause.variable) this.declare(clause.variable.text, SymbolKind.Let, clause.variable, catchScope, true);
-        this.bindBlock(clause.block, catchScope);
-        return;
-      }
-      default:
-        break;
-    }
-    for (const child of childNodes(node)) this.bindNode(child, scope);
-  }
-
-  private bindVariableList(list: VariableDeclarationList, scope: Scope): void {
-    for (const declaration of list.declarations) {
-      const symbol = this.symbolOfDeclaration.get(declaration);
-      if (declaration.name.kind === SyntaxKind.Identifier) {
-        this.symbolOfDeclaration.set(declaration.name, symbol ?? this.symbolOfDeclaration.get(declaration) as SymbolInfo);
-      } else {
-        this.bindBindingPattern(declaration.name, scope);
-      }
-      this.bindNode(declaration.initializer, scope);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** Bind default-value expressions inside a binding pattern. */
-  private bindBindingPattern(name: BindingName, scope: Scope): void {
-    if (name.kind === SyntaxKind.Identifier) return;
-    const pattern = name as import("../ast/declarations.js").ArrayBindingPattern | import("../ast/declarations.js").ObjectBindingPattern;
-    for (const element of pattern.elements) {
-      if (!element) continue;
-      if (element.initializer) this.bindNode(element.initializer, scope);
-      this.bindBindingPattern(element.name, scope);
-    }
-  }
-
-  private bindFunction(
-    node: FunctionDeclaration | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunction,
-    parentScope: Scope,
-    symbol: SymbolInfo | undefined,
-  ): void {
-    const name =
-      node.kind === SyntaxKind.FunctionDeclaration
-        ? (node as FunctionDeclaration).name?.text ?? "(anonymous)"
-        : node.kind === SyntaxKind.FunctionExpression
-          ? (node as FunctionExpression).name?.text ?? "(anonymous)"
-          : "(arrow)";
-    const parentFn = this.current;
-    const fn = this.createFunction(name, node, parentFn, false, node.kind === SyntaxKind.ArrowFunction);
-    this.current = fn;
-
-    const scope = this.createScope(ScopeKind.Function, node, parentScope);
-    (fn as { scope: Scope }).scope = scope;
-    this.scopes.set(node, scope);
-
-    // Parameters live in the function scope.
-    const params: SymbolInfo[] = [];
-    for (const parameter of node.parameters) {
-      const paramSymbol = this.declareBinding(parameter.name, SymbolKind.Parameter, parameter, scope, true);
-      if (paramSymbol) params.push(paramSymbol);
-      if (parameter.initializer) this.bindNode(parameter.initializer, scope);
-    }
-    (fn as { params: SymbolInfo[] }).params = params;
-
-    // Initialize a named function expression's own name inside its scope.
-    if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.FunctionExpression && (node as FunctionExpression).name) {
-      const selfName = (node as FunctionExpression).name!;
-      this.declare(selfName.text, SymbolKind.Const, selfName, scope, false);
-    }
-    if (symbol) this.symbolOfDeclaration.set(node, symbol);
-
-    const body = node.body as unknown as Block | Expression | undefined;
-    if (body) {
-      this.collectFunctionScoped([body.kind === SyntaxKind.Block ? body : ({ kind: SyntaxKind.Block, statements: [], start: body.start, end: body.end } as Block)], fn);
-      if (body.kind === SyntaxKind.Block) {
-        this.predeclareStatements(body.statements, scope);
-        this.bindStatements(body.statements, scope);
-      } else {
-        this.bindNode(body, scope);
-      }
-    }
-
-    this.current = parentFn;
-  }
-
-  private bindClass(node: ClassDeclaration | ClassExpression, scope: Scope): void {
-    const parentFn = this.current;
-    const name = node.name ? node.name.text : "(anonymous)";
-
-    let parentExpression: Expression | undefined;
-    let parentClass: ClassInfo | undefined;
-    const heritage = node.heritage.find((clause) => clause.token === "extends");
-    if (heritage && heritage.types.length > 0) {
-      parentExpression = heritage.types[0]!.expression;
-      this.bindNode(parentExpression, scope);
-      if (parentExpression.kind === SyntaxKind.Identifier) {
-        const symbol = this.symbolOfIdentifier.get(parentExpression as Identifier);
-        const declaration = symbol?.declarations[0];
-        if (declaration) parentClass = this.classOfNode.get(declaration);
-      }
-    }
-
-    const info: ClassInfo = {
-      id: this.nextClassId++,
-      name,
-      node,
-      scope,
-      parent: parentClass,
-      parentExpression,
-      fields: [],
-      methods: [],
-      statics: [],
-    };
-    this.classes.push(info);
-    this.classOfNode.set(node, info);
-
-    const classScope = this.createScope(ScopeKind.Block, node, scope);
-    this.scopes.set(node, classScope);
-
-    let constructor: FunctionInfo | undefined;
-    for (const member of node.members) {
-      if (member.kind === SyntaxKind.ConstructorDeclaration) {
-        const ctor = member as ConstructorDeclaration;
-        constructor = this.createClassFunction(ctor, "constructor", ctor.parameters, ctor.body, classScope, info, false, true);
-      } else if (member.kind === SyntaxKind.MethodDeclaration) {
-        const method = member as MethodDeclaration;
-        const isStatic = method.modifiers.some((modifier) => modifier.modifierKind === ModifierKind.Static);
-        const fn = this.createClassFunction(method, classMemberName(method.name), method.parameters, method.body, classScope, info, isStatic, false);
-        if (isStatic) (info.statics as FunctionInfo[]).push(fn);
-        else (info.methods as FunctionInfo[]).push(fn);
-      }
-    }
-    if (!constructor) {
-      constructor = this.createClassFunction(node, "constructor", [], undefined, classScope, info, false, true);
-    }
-    info.ctor = constructor;
-
-    // Field initializers run in the constructor's context so they can capture
-    // enclosing variables.
-    for (const member of node.members) {
-      if (member.kind === SyntaxKind.PropertyDeclaration) {
-        const property = member as PropertyDeclaration;
-        const isStatic = property.modifiers.some((modifier) => modifier.modifierKind === ModifierKind.Static);
-        const owner = this.current;
-        this.current = constructor as MutableFunction;
-        if (property.initializer) this.bindNode(property.initializer, classScope);
-        this.current = owner;
-        info.fields.push({ name: classMemberName(property.name), initializer: property.initializer, fn: constructor, isStatic });
-      }
-    }
-
-    this.current = parentFn;
-  }
-
-  private createClassFunction(
-    member: Node,
-    name: string,
-    parameters: readonly import("../ast/declarations.js").Parameter[],
-    body: Block | undefined,
-    parentScope: Scope,
-    info: ClassInfo,
-    isStatic: boolean,
-    isConstructor: boolean,
-  ): FunctionInfo {
-    const parentFn = this.current;
-    const fn = this.createFunction(name, member as unknown as FunctionNode, parentFn, false, false);
-    (fn as MutableFunction & { classInfo: ClassInfo }).classInfo = info;
-    (fn as MutableFunction & { isStatic: boolean }).isStatic = isStatic;
-    (fn as MutableFunction & { isConstructor: boolean }).isConstructor = isConstructor;
-    this.current = fn as MutableFunction;
-    const scope = this.createScope(ScopeKind.Function, member, parentScope);
-    (fn as { scope: Scope }).scope = scope;
-    this.scopes.set(member, scope);
-
-    const params: SymbolInfo[] = [];
-    for (const parameter of parameters) {
-      const paramSymbol = this.declareBinding(parameter.name, SymbolKind.Parameter, parameter, scope, true);
-      if (paramSymbol) params.push(paramSymbol);
-      if (parameter.initializer) this.bindNode(parameter.initializer, scope);
-    }
-    (fn as { params: SymbolInfo[] }).params = params;
-
-    if (body) {
-      this.collectFunctionScoped([body], fn as MutableFunction);
-      this.predeclareStatements(body.statements, scope);
-      this.bindStatements(body.statements, scope);
-    }
-
-    this.current = parentFn;
-    return fn;
-  }
-
-  private reference(identifier: Identifier, scope: Scope): void {
-    if (identifier.text === "super") {
-      this.current.usesThis = true;
-      return;
-    }
-    let current: Scope | undefined = scope;
-    while (current) {
-      const symbol = current.symbols.get(identifier.text);
-      if (symbol) {
-        (symbol.references as Identifier[]).push(identifier);
-        this.symbolOfIdentifier.set(identifier, symbol);
-        // Functions, classes and type-only names are resolved to their
-        // declaration sites by codegen; they are never captured as values.
-        if (symbol.fn !== this.current && isCapturable(symbol.kind)) this.markCaptured(symbol);
-        return;
-      }
-      current = current.parent;
-    }
-    this.unresolved.push(identifier);
-  }
-
-  /** Record that `symbol` escapes into `this.current`, threading it through every intermediate closure. */
-  private markCaptured(symbol: SymbolInfo): void {
-    symbol.captured = true;
-    symbol.boxed = true;
-    let fn: MutableFunction | undefined = this.current;
-    while (fn && fn !== symbol.fn) {
-      if (!fn.captureIndex.has(symbol.id)) {
-        fn.captureIndex.set(symbol.id, fn.captures.length);
-        fn.captures.push(symbol);
-      }
-      fn = fn.parent as MutableFunction | undefined;
-    }
-  }
 }
 
-/** Direct AST children, tolerant of both arrays and single nodes. */
-function childNodes(node: Node): Node[] {
-  const result: Node[] = [];
-  const n = node as unknown as Record<string, unknown>;
-  for (const key of Object.keys(n)) {
-    if (key === "kind" || key === "start" || key === "end") continue;
-    const value = n[key];
-    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
-      for (const item of value) if (item && typeof item === "object" && "kind" in (item as object)) result.push(item as Node);
-    } else if (value && typeof value === "object" && "kind" in (value as object)) {
-      result.push(value as Node);
-    }
-  }
-  return result;
-}
+// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-empty-interface
+export interface Binder extends DeclarationMethods, ReferenceMethods {}
 
-/** Only value bindings participate in closure capture. */
-function isCapturable(kind: SymbolKind): boolean {
-  return (
-    kind === SymbolKind.Var ||
-    kind === SymbolKind.Let ||
-    kind === SymbolKind.Const ||
-    kind === SymbolKind.Parameter
-  );
-}
-
-/** Extract the textual name of a class member (`method`, `"key"`, `0`). */
-function classMemberName(name: PropertyName): string {
-  switch (name.kind) {
-    case SyntaxKind.Identifier:
-    case SyntaxKind.PrivateIdentifier:
-      return (name as unknown as { text: string }).text;
-    case SyntaxKind.StringLiteral:
-      return (name as unknown as { value: string }).value;
-    case SyntaxKind.NumericLiteral:
-      return String((name as unknown as { value: number }).value);
-    default:
-      return "";
-  }
-}
+Object.assign(Binder.prototype, declarationMethods, referenceMethods);