wrangler 0.0.0-e2a26a0 → 0.0.0-e322475

package/src/index.tsx

@@ -1,80 +1,200 @@
 import * as fs from "node:fs";
-import { readFile, writeFile, mkdir } from "node:fs/promises";
+import { writeFile, mkdir } from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { setTimeout } from "node:timers/promises";
 import TOML from "@iarna/toml";
+import chalk from "chalk";
+import { watch } from "chokidar";
 import { findUp } from "find-up";
+import getPort from "get-port";
 import { render } from "ink";
 import React from "react";
 import onExit from "signal-exit";
+import supportsColor from "supports-color";
+import { setGlobalDispatcher, ProxyAgent } from "undici";
 import makeCLI from "yargs";
 import { version as wranglerVersion } from "../package.json";
-import { toFormData } from "./api/form_data";
 import { fetchResult } from "./cfetch";
-import { normaliseAndValidateEnvironmentsConfig } from "./config";
-import Dev from "./dev";
-import { confirm, prompt } from "./dialogs";
+import { findWranglerToml, printBindings, readConfig } from "./config";
+import { createWorkerUploadForm } from "./create-worker-upload-form";
+import Dev from "./dev/dev";
+import { getVarsForDev } from "./dev/dev-vars";
+import { confirm, prompt, select } from "./dialogs";
+import { getEntry } from "./entry";
+import { DeprecationError } from "./errors";
+import { initializeGit, isGitInstalled, isInsideGitRepo } from "./git-client";
 import {
-  getNamespaceId,
-  listNamespaces,
-  listNamespaceKeys,
-  putKeyValue,
-  putBulkKeyValue,
-  deleteBulkKeyValue,
-  createNamespace,
-  isValidNamespaceBinding,
-  getKeyValue,
+  getKVNamespaceId,
+  listKVNamespaces,
+  listKVNamespaceKeys,
+  putKVKeyValue,
+  putKVBulkKeyValue,
+  deleteKVBulkKeyValue,
+  createKVNamespace,
+  isValidKVNamespaceBinding,
+  getKVKeyValue,
+  isKVKeyValue,
+  unexpectedKVKeyValueProps,
+  deleteKVNamespace,
+  deleteKVKeyValue,
 } from "./kv";
+import { logger } from "./logger";
 import { getPackageManager } from "./package-manager";
-import { pages } from "./pages";
+import { pages, pagesBetaWarning } from "./pages";
+import {
+  formatMessage,
+  ParseError,
+  parseJSON,
+  parsePackageJSON,
+  parseTOML,
+  readFileSync,
+  readFileSyncToBuffer,
+} from "./parse";
 import publish from "./publish";
-import { getAssetPaths } from "./sites";
-import { createTail } from "./tail";
+import { createR2Bucket, deleteR2Bucket, listR2Buckets } from "./r2";
+import { getAssetPaths, getSiteAssetPaths } from "./sites";
+import {
+  createTail,
+  jsonPrintLogs,
+  prettyPrintLogs,
+  translateCLICommandToFilterMessage,
+} from "./tail";
+import { updateCheck } from "./update-check";
 import {
   login,
   logout,
   listScopes,
-  initialise as initialiseUserConfig,
-  loginOrRefreshIfRequired,
-  getAccountId,
   validateScopeKeys,
+  requireAuth,
 } from "./user";
 import { whoami } from "./whoami";
+import { getZoneIdFromHost, getZoneForRoute } from "./zones";
 
 import type { Config } from "./config";
+import type { TailCLIFilters } from "./tail";
+import type { RawData } from "ws";
+import type { CommandModule } from "yargs";
 import type Yargs from "yargs";
 
+type ConfigPath = string | undefined;
+
 const resetColor = "\x1b[0m";
 const fgGreenColor = "\x1b[32m";
+const DEFAULT_LOCAL_PORT = 8787;
+
+const proxy =
+  process.env.https_proxy ||
+  process.env.HTTPS_PROXY ||
+  process.env.http_proxy ||
+  process.env.HTTP_PROXY ||
+  undefined;
 
-async function readConfig(configPath?: string): Promise<Config> {
-  const config: Config = {};
-  if (!configPath) {
-    configPath = await findUp("wrangler.toml");
-    // TODO - terminate this early instead of going all the way to the root
+if (proxy) {
+  setGlobalDispatcher(new ProxyAgent(proxy));
+}
+
+function getRules(config: Config): Config["rules"] {
+  const rules = config.rules ?? config.build?.upload?.rules ?? [];
+
+  if (config.rules && config.build?.upload?.rules) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `You cannot configure both [rules] and [build.upload.rules] in your wrangler.toml. Delete the \`build.upload\` section.`
+    );
   }
 
-  if (configPath) {
-    const tml: string = await readFile(configPath, "utf-8");
-    const parsed = TOML.parse(tml) as Config;
-    Object.assign(config, parsed);
+  if (config.build?.upload?.rules) {
+    logger.warn(
+      `Deprecation: The \`build.upload.rules\` config field is no longer used, the rules should be specified via the \`rules\` config field. Delete the \`build.upload\` field from the configuration file, and add this:
+
+${TOML.stringify({ rules: config.build.upload.rules })}`
+    );
   }
+  return rules;
+}
+
+async function printWranglerBanner() {
+  // Let's not print this in tests
+  if (typeof jest !== "undefined") {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const text = ` ⛅️ wrangler ${wranglerVersion} ${await updateCheck()}`;
+
+  logger.log(
+    text +
+      "\n" +
+      (supportsColor.stdout
+        ? chalk.hex("#FF8800")("-".repeat(text.length))
+        : "-".repeat(text.length))
+  );
+}
 
-  normaliseAndValidateEnvironmentsConfig(config);
+function isLegacyEnv(config: Config): boolean {
+  // We only read from config here, because we've already accounted for
+  // args["legacy-env"] in https://github.com/cloudflare/wrangler2/blob/b24aeb5722370c2e04bce97a84a1fa1e55725d79/packages/wrangler/src/config/validation.ts#L94-L98
+  return config.legacy_env;
+}
 
-  if ("experimental_services" in config) {
-    console.warn(
-      "The experimental_services field is only for cloudflare internal usage right now, and is subject to change. Please do not use this on production projects"
+function getScriptName(
+  args: { name: string | undefined; env: string | undefined },
+  config: Config
+): string | undefined {
+  if (args.name && isLegacyEnv(config) && args.env) {
+    throw new CommandLineArgsError(
+      "In legacy environment mode you cannot use --name and --env together. If you want to specify a Worker name for a specific environment you can add the following to your wrangler.toml config:" +
+        `
+    [env.${args.env}]
+    name = "${args.name}"
+    `
     );
   }
 
-  // todo: validate, add defaults
-  // let's just do some basics for now
+  return args.name ?? config.name;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Alternative to the getScriptName() because special Legacy cases allowed "name", and "env" together in Wrangler1
+ */
+function getLegacyScriptName(
+  args: { name: string | undefined; env: string | undefined },
+  config: Config
+) {
+  return args.name && args.env && isLegacyEnv(config)
+    ? `${args.name}-${args.env}`
+    : args.name ?? config.name;
+}
 
-  // @ts-expect-error we're being sneaky here for now
-  config.__path__ = configPath;
+/**
+ * Get a promise to the streamed input from stdin.
+ *
+ * This function can be used to grab the incoming stream of data from, say,
+ * piping the output of another process into the wrangler process.
+ */
+function readFromStdin(): Promise<string> {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const stdin = process.stdin;
+    const chunks: string[] = [];
+
+    // When there is data ready to be read, the `readable` event will be triggered.
+    // In the handler for `readable` we call `read()` over and over until all the available data has been read.
+    stdin.on("readable", () => {
+      let chunk;
+      while (null !== (chunk = stdin.read())) {
+        chunks.push(chunk);
+      }
+    });
 
-  return config;
+    // When the streamed data is complete the `end` event will be triggered.
+    // In the handler for `end` we join the chunks together and resolve the promise.
+    stdin.on("end", () => {
+      resolve(chunks.join(""));
+    });
+
+    // If there is an `error` event then the handler will reject the promise.
+    stdin.on("error", (err) => {
+      reject(err);
+    });
+  });
 }
 
 // a helper to demand one of a set of options
@@ -102,19 +222,27 @@ function demandOneOfOption(...options: string[]) {
   };
 }
 
+/**
+ * Remove trailing white space from inputs.
+ * Matching Wrangler legacy behavior with handling inputs
+ */
+function trimTrailingWhitespace(str: string) {
+  return str.trimEnd();
+}
+
 class CommandLineArgsError extends Error {}
-class DeprecationError extends Error {}
-class NotImplementedError extends Error {}
 
-export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
+function createCLIParser(argv: string[]) {
   const wrangler = makeCLI(argv)
+    .strict()
     // We handle errors ourselves in a try-catch around `yargs.parse`.
     // If you want the "help info" to be displayed then throw an instance of `CommandLineArgsError`.
     // Otherwise we just log the error that was thrown without any "help info".
     .showHelpOnFail(false)
     .fail((msg, error) => {
-      if (!error) {
-        // If there is only a `msg` then this came from yargs own validation, so wrap in a `CommandLineArgsError`.
+      if (!error || error.name === "YError") {
+        // If there is no error or the error is a "YError", then this came from yargs own validation
+        // Wrap it in a `CommandLineArgsError` so that we can handle it appropriately further up.
         error = new CommandLineArgsError(msg);
       }
       throw error;
@@ -122,7 +250,15 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
     .scriptName("wrangler")
     .wrap(null);
 
-  // the default is to simply print the help menu
+  // Default help command that supports the subcommands
+  const subHelp: CommandModule = {
+    command: ["*"],
+    handler: async (args) => {
+      setImmediate(() =>
+        wrangler.parse([...args._.map((a) => `${a}`), "--help"])
+      );
+    },
+  };
   wrangler.command(
     ["*"],
     false,
@@ -156,14 +292,19 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
           default: "worker",
         })
         .positional("template", {
-          describe: "a link to a GitHub template",
+          describe: "The URL of a GitHub template",
           default: "https://github.com/cloudflare/worker-template",
         });
     },
-    () => {
+    (generateArgs) => {
       // "👯 [DEPRECATED]. Scaffold a Cloudflare Workers project from a public GitHub repository.",
       throw new DeprecationError(
-        "`wrangler generate` has been deprecated, please refer to TODO://some/path for alternatives"
+        "`wrangler generate` has been deprecated.\n" +
+          "Try running `wrangler init` to generate a basic Worker, or cloning the template repository instead:\n\n" +
+          "```\n" +
+          `git clone ${generateArgs.template}\n` +
+          "```\n\n" +
+          "Please refer to https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/wrangler/deprecations/#generate for more information."
       );
     }
   );
@@ -173,13 +314,32 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
     "init [name]",
     "📥 Create a wrangler.toml configuration file",
     (yargs) => {
-      return yargs.positional("name", {
-        describe: "The name of your worker.",
-        type: "string",
-      });
+      return yargs
+        .positional("name", {
+          describe: "The name of your worker",
+          type: "string",
+        })
+        .option("type", {
+          describe: "The type of worker to create",
+          type: "string",
+          choices: ["rust", "javascript", "webpack"],
+          hidden: true,
+          deprecated: true,
+        })
+        .option("site", {
+          hidden: true,
+          type: "boolean",
+          deprecated: true,
+        })
+        .option("yes", {
+          describe: 'Answer "yes" to any prompts for new projects',
+          type: "boolean",
+          alias: "y",
+        });
     },
     async (args) => {
-      if ("type" in args) {
+      await printWranglerBanner();
+      if (args.type) {
         let message = "The --type option is no longer supported.";
         if (args.type === "webpack") {
           message +=
@@ -189,11 +349,52 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
         throw new CommandLineArgsError(message);
       }
 
-      const packageManager = await getPackageManager(process.cwd());
+      const devDepsToInstall: string[] = [];
+      const instructions: string[] = [];
+      let shouldRunPackageManagerInstall = false;
+      const creationDirectory = path.resolve(process.cwd(), args.name ?? "");
+
+      if (args.site) {
+        const gitDirectory =
+          creationDirectory !== process.cwd()
+            ? path.basename(creationDirectory)
+            : "my-site";
+        const message =
+          "The --site option is no longer supported.\n" +
+          "If you wish to create a brand new Worker Sites project then clone the `worker-sites-template` starter repository:\n\n" +
+          "```\n" +
+          `git clone --depth=1 --branch=wrangler2 https://github.com/cloudflare/worker-sites-template ${gitDirectory}\n` +
+          `cd ${gitDirectory}\n` +
+          "```\n\n" +
+          "Find out more about how to create and maintain Sites projects at https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/platform/sites.\n" +
+          "Have you considered using Cloudflare Pages instead? See https://pages.cloudflare.com/.";
+        throw new CommandLineArgsError(message);
+      }
+
+      // TODO: make sure args.name is a valid identifier for a worker name
+      const workerName = path
+        .basename(creationDirectory)
+        .toLowerCase()
+        .replaceAll(/[^a-z0-9\-_]/gm, "-");
+
+      const packageManager = await getPackageManager(creationDirectory);
+
+      // TODO: ask which directory to make the worker in (defaults to args.name)
+      // TODO: if args.name isn't provided, ask what to name the worker
 
-      const destination = "./wrangler.toml";
-      if (fs.existsSync(destination)) {
-        console.warn(`${destination} file already exists!`);
+      const wranglerTomlDestination = path.join(
+        creationDirectory,
+        "./wrangler.toml"
+      );
+      let justCreatedWranglerToml = false;
+
+      if (fs.existsSync(wranglerTomlDestination)) {
+        logger.warn(
+          `${path.relative(
+            process.cwd(),
+            wranglerTomlDestination
+          )} already exists!`
+        );
         const shouldContinue = await confirm(
           "Do you want to continue initializing this project?"
         );
@@ -201,33 +402,83 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
           return;
         }
       } else {
+        await mkdir(creationDirectory, { recursive: true });
         const compatibilityDate = new Date().toISOString().substring(0, 10);
+
         try {
           await writeFile(
-            destination,
-            `compatibility_date = "${compatibilityDate}"` + "\n"
+            wranglerTomlDestination,
+            TOML.stringify({
+              name: workerName,
+              compatibility_date: compatibilityDate,
+            }) + "\n"
           );
-          console.log(`✨ Successfully created wrangler.toml`);
-          // TODO: suggest next steps?
+
+          logger.log(
+            `✨ Created ${path.relative(
+              process.cwd(),
+              wranglerTomlDestination
+            )}`
+          );
+          justCreatedWranglerToml = true;
         } catch (err) {
           throw new Error(
-            `Failed to create wrangler.toml.\n${err.message ?? err}`
+            `Failed to create ${path.relative(
+              process.cwd(),
+              wranglerTomlDestination
+            )}.\n${(err as Error).message ?? err}`
+          );
+        }
+      }
+
+      const yesFlag = args.yes ?? false;
+
+      if (
+        !(await isInsideGitRepo(creationDirectory)) &&
+        (await isGitInstalled())
+      ) {
+        const shouldInitGit =
+          yesFlag ||
+          (await confirm("Would you like to use git to manage this Worker?"));
+        if (shouldInitGit) {
+          await initializeGit(creationDirectory);
+          await writeFile(
+            path.join(creationDirectory, ".gitignore"),
+            readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, "../templates/gitignore"))
+          );
+          logger.log(
+            args.name && args.name !== "."
+              ? `✨ Initialized git repository at ${path.relative(
+                  process.cwd(),
+                  creationDirectory
+                )}`
+              : `✨ Initialized git repository`
           );
         }
       }
 
-      let pathToPackageJson = await findUp("package.json");
+      const isolatedInit = !!args.name;
+      let pathToPackageJson = await findPath(
+        isolatedInit,
+        creationDirectory,
+        "package.json"
+      );
+      let shouldCreatePackageJson = false;
+
       if (!pathToPackageJson) {
         // If no package.json exists, ask to create one
-        const shouldCreatePackageJson = await confirm(
-          "No package.json found. Would you like to create one?"
-        );
+        shouldCreatePackageJson =
+          yesFlag ||
+          (await confirm(
+            "No package.json found. Would you like to create one?"
+          ));
+
         if (shouldCreatePackageJson) {
           await writeFile(
-            "./package.json",
+            path.join(creationDirectory, "./package.json"),
             JSON.stringify(
               {
-                name: "worker",
+                name: workerName,
                 version: "0.0.0",
                 devDependencies: {
                   wrangler: wranglerVersion,
@@ -238,17 +489,21 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
               "  "
             ) + "\n"
           );
-          await packageManager.install();
-          console.log(`✨ Created package.json`);
-          pathToPackageJson = path.join(process.cwd(), "package.json");
+
+          shouldRunPackageManagerInstall = true;
+          pathToPackageJson = path.join(creationDirectory, "package.json");
+          logger.log(
+            `✨ Created ${path.relative(process.cwd(), pathToPackageJson)}`
+          );
         } else {
           return;
         }
       } else {
         // If package.json exists and wrangler isn't installed,
         // then ask to add wrangler to devDependencies
-        const packageJson = JSON.parse(
-          await readFile(pathToPackageJson, "utf-8")
+        const packageJson = parsePackageJSON(
+          readFileSync(pathToPackageJson),
+          pathToPackageJson
         );
         if (
           !(
@@ -256,60 +511,49 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
             packageJson.dependencies?.wrangler
           )
         ) {
-          const shouldInstall = await confirm(
-            "Would you like to install wrangler into your package.json?"
-          );
+          const shouldInstall =
+            yesFlag ||
+            (await confirm(
+              `Would you like to install wrangler into ${path.relative(
+                process.cwd(),
+                pathToPackageJson
+              )}?`
+            ));
           if (shouldInstall) {
-            await packageManager.addDevDeps(`wrangler@${wranglerVersion}`);
-            console.log(`✨ Installed wrangler`);
+            devDepsToInstall.push(`wrangler@${wranglerVersion}`);
           }
         }
       }
 
       let isTypescriptProject = false;
-      let pathToTSConfig = await findUp("tsconfig.json");
+      let pathToTSConfig = await findPath(
+        isolatedInit,
+        creationDirectory,
+        "tsconfig.json"
+      );
       if (!pathToTSConfig) {
         // If there's no tsconfig, offer to create one
         // and install @cloudflare/workers-types
-        if (await confirm("Would you like to use TypeScript?")) {
+        if (yesFlag || (await confirm("Would you like to use TypeScript?"))) {
           isTypescriptProject = true;
           await writeFile(
-            "./tsconfig.json",
-            JSON.stringify(
-              {
-                compilerOptions: {
-                  target: "es2021",
-                  module: "es2022",
-                  moduleResolution: "node",
-                  allowJs: true,
-                  allowSyntheticDefaultImports: true,
-                  isolatedModules: true,
-                  noEmit: true,
-                  lib: ["es2021"],
-                  resolveJsonModule: true,
-                  types: ["@cloudflare/workers-types"],
-                },
-              },
-              null,
-              "  "
-            ) + "\n"
-          );
-          await packageManager.addDevDeps(
-            "@cloudflare/workers-types",
-            "typescript"
+            path.join(creationDirectory, "./tsconfig.json"),
+            readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, "../templates/tsconfig.json"))
           );
-
-          console.log(
-            `✨ Created tsconfig.json, installed @cloudflare/workers-types into devDependencies`
+          devDepsToInstall.push("@cloudflare/workers-types");
+          devDepsToInstall.push("typescript");
+          pathToTSConfig = path.join(creationDirectory, "tsconfig.json");
+          logger.log(
+            `✨ Created ${path.relative(process.cwd(), pathToTSConfig)}`
           );
-          pathToTSConfig = path.join(process.cwd(), "tsconfig.json");
         }
       } else {
         isTypescriptProject = true;
         // If there's a tsconfig, check if @cloudflare/workers-types
         // is already installed, and offer to install it if not
-        const packageJson = JSON.parse(
-          await readFile(pathToPackageJson, "utf-8")
+        const packageJson = parsePackageJSON(
+          readFileSync(pathToPackageJson),
+          pathToPackageJson
         );
         if (
           !(
@@ -321,53 +565,271 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
             "Would you like to install the type definitions for Workers into your package.json?"
           );
           if (shouldInstall) {
-            await packageManager.addDevDeps("@cloudflare/workers-types");
+            devDepsToInstall.push("@cloudflare/workers-types");
             // We don't update the tsconfig.json because
             // it could be complicated in existing projects
             // and we don't want to break them. Instead, we simply
             // tell the user that they need to update their tsconfig.json
-            console.log(
-              `✨ Installed @cloudflare/workers-types.\nPlease add "@cloudflare/workers-types" to compilerOptions.types in your tsconfig.json`
+            instructions.push(
+              `🚨 Please add "@cloudflare/workers-types" to compilerOptions.types in ${path.relative(
+                process.cwd(),
+                pathToTSConfig
+              )}`
             );
           }
         }
       }
 
+      const packageJsonContent = parsePackageJSON(
+        readFileSync(pathToPackageJson),
+        pathToPackageJson
+      );
+      const shouldWritePackageJsonScripts =
+        !packageJsonContent.scripts?.start &&
+        !packageJsonContent.scripts?.publish &&
+        shouldCreatePackageJson;
+
+      /*
+       * Passes the array of accumulated devDeps to install through to
+       * the package manager. Also generates a human-readable list
+       * of packages it installed.
+       * If there are no devDeps to install, optionally runs
+       * the package manager's install command.
+       */
+      async function installPackages(
+        shouldRunInstall: boolean,
+        depsToInstall: string[]
+      ) {
+        //lets install the devDeps they asked for
+        //and run their package manager's install command if needed
+        if (depsToInstall.length > 0) {
+          const formatter = new Intl.ListFormat("en", {
+            style: "long",
+            type: "conjunction",
+          });
+          await packageManager.addDevDeps(...depsToInstall);
+          const versionlessPackages = depsToInstall.map((dep) =>
+            dep === `wrangler@${wranglerVersion}` ? "wrangler" : dep
+          );
+
+          logger.log(
+            `✨ Installed ${formatter.format(
+              versionlessPackages
+            )} into devDependencies`
+          );
+        } else {
+          if (shouldRunInstall) {
+            await packageManager.install();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      async function writePackageJsonScriptsAndUpdateWranglerToml(
+        isWritingScripts: boolean,
+        isCreatingWranglerToml: boolean,
+        packagePath: string,
+        scriptPath: string,
+        extraToml: TOML.JsonMap
+      ) {
+        if (isCreatingWranglerToml) {
+          // rewrite wrangler.toml with main = "path/to/script" and any additional config specified in `extraToml`
+          const parsedWranglerToml = parseTOML(
+            readFileSync(wranglerTomlDestination)
+          );
+          const newToml = {
+            name: parsedWranglerToml.name,
+            main: scriptPath,
+            compatibility_date: parsedWranglerToml.compatibility_date,
+            ...extraToml,
+          };
+          fs.writeFileSync(wranglerTomlDestination, TOML.stringify(newToml));
+        }
+        const isNamedWorker =
+          isCreatingWranglerToml && path.dirname(packagePath) !== process.cwd();
+
+        if (isWritingScripts) {
+          await writeFile(
+            packagePath,
+            JSON.stringify(
+              {
+                ...packageJsonContent,
+                scripts: {
+                  ...packageJsonContent.scripts,
+                  start: isCreatingWranglerToml
+                    ? `wrangler dev`
+                    : `wrangler dev ${scriptPath}`,
+                  deploy: isCreatingWranglerToml
+                    ? `wrangler publish`
+                    : `wrangler publish ${scriptPath}`,
+                },
+              },
+              null,
+              2
+            ) + "\n"
+          );
+          instructions.push(
+            `\nTo start developing your Worker, run \`${
+              isNamedWorker ? `cd ${args.name} && ` : ""
+            }npm start\``
+          );
+          instructions.push(
+            `To publish your Worker to the Internet, run \`npm run deploy\``
+          );
+        } else {
+          instructions.push(
+            `\nTo start developing your Worker, run \`npx wrangler dev\`${
+              isCreatingWranglerToml ? "" : ` ${scriptPath}`
+            }`
+          );
+          instructions.push(
+            `To publish your Worker to the Internet, run \`npx wrangler publish\`${
+              isCreatingWranglerToml ? "" : ` ${scriptPath}`
+            }`
+          );
+        }
+      }
+
+      async function getNewWorkerType(newWorkerFilename: string) {
+        return select(
+          `Would you like to create a Worker at ${newWorkerFilename}?`,
+          [
+            {
+              value: "none",
+              label: "None",
+            },
+            {
+              value: "fetch",
+              label: "Fetch handler",
+            },
+            {
+              value: "scheduled",
+              label: "Scheduled handler",
+            },
+          ],
+          1
+        ) as Promise<"none" | "fetch" | "scheduled">;
+      }
+
+      function getNewWorkerTemplate(
+        lang: "js" | "ts",
+        workerType: "fetch" | "scheduled"
+      ) {
+        const templates = {
+          "js-fetch": "new-worker.js",
+          "js-scheduled": "new-worker-scheduled.js",
+          "ts-fetch": "new-worker.ts",
+          "ts-scheduled": "new-worker-scheduled.ts",
+        };
+
+        return templates[`${lang}-${workerType}`];
+      }
+
+      function getNewWorkerToml(
+        workerType: "fetch" | "scheduled"
+      ): TOML.JsonMap {
+        if (workerType === "scheduled") {
+          return {
+            triggers: {
+              crons: ["1 * * * *"],
+            },
+          };
+        }
+
+        return {};
+      }
+
       if (isTypescriptProject) {
-        if (!fs.existsSync("./src/index.ts")) {
-          const shouldCreateSource = await confirm(
-            `Would you like to create a Worker at src/index.ts?`
+        if (!fs.existsSync(path.join(creationDirectory, "./src/index.ts"))) {
+          const newWorkerFilename = path.relative(
+            process.cwd(),
+            path.join(creationDirectory, "./src/index.ts")
           );
-          if (shouldCreateSource) {
-            await mkdir("./src", { recursive: true });
+
+          const newWorkerType = yesFlag
+            ? "fetch"
+            : await getNewWorkerType(newWorkerFilename);
+
+          if (newWorkerType !== "none") {
+            const template = getNewWorkerTemplate("ts", newWorkerType);
+
+            await mkdir(path.join(creationDirectory, "./src"), {
+              recursive: true,
+            });
             await writeFile(
-              "./src/index.ts",
-              await readFile(
-                path.join(__dirname, "../templates/new-worker.ts"),
-                "utf-8"
-              )
+              path.join(creationDirectory, "./src/index.ts"),
+              readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, `../templates/${template}`))
+            );
+
+            logger.log(
+              `✨ Created ${path.relative(
+                process.cwd(),
+                path.join(creationDirectory, "./src/index.ts")
+              )}`
+            );
+
+            await writePackageJsonScriptsAndUpdateWranglerToml(
+              shouldWritePackageJsonScripts,
+              justCreatedWranglerToml,
+              pathToPackageJson,
+              "src/index.ts",
+              getNewWorkerToml(newWorkerType)
             );
-            console.log(`✨ Created src/index.ts`);
           }
         }
       } else {
-        if (!fs.existsSync("./src/index.js")) {
-          const shouldCreateSource = await confirm(
-            `Would you like to create a Worker at src/index.js?`
+        if (!fs.existsSync(path.join(creationDirectory, "./src/index.js"))) {
+          const newWorkerFilename = path.relative(
+            process.cwd(),
+            path.join(creationDirectory, "./src/index.js")
           );
-          if (shouldCreateSource) {
-            await mkdir("./src", { recursive: true });
+
+          const newWorkerType = yesFlag
+            ? "fetch"
+            : await getNewWorkerType(newWorkerFilename);
+
+          if (newWorkerType !== "none") {
+            const template = getNewWorkerTemplate("js", newWorkerType);
+
+            await mkdir(path.join(creationDirectory, "./src"), {
+              recursive: true,
+            });
             await writeFile(
-              path.join("./src/index.js"),
-              await readFile(
-                path.join(__dirname, "../templates/new-worker.js"),
-                "utf-8"
-              )
+              path.join(creationDirectory, "./src/index.js"),
+              readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, `../templates/${template}`))
+            );
+
+            logger.log(
+              `✨ Created ${path.relative(
+                process.cwd(),
+                path.join(creationDirectory, "./src/index.js")
+              )}`
+            );
+
+            await writePackageJsonScriptsAndUpdateWranglerToml(
+              shouldWritePackageJsonScripts,
+              justCreatedWranglerToml,
+              pathToPackageJson,
+              "src/index.js",
+              getNewWorkerToml(newWorkerType)
             );
-            console.log(`✨ Created src/index.js`);
           }
         }
       }
+      // install packages as the final step of init
+      try {
+        await installPackages(shouldRunPackageManagerInstall, devDepsToInstall);
+      } catch (e) {
+        // fetching packages could fail due to loss of internet, etc
+        // we should let folks know we failed to fetch, but their
+        // workers project is still ready to go
+        logger.error(e instanceof Error ? e.message : e);
+        instructions.push(
+          "\n🚨 wrangler was unable to fetch your npm packages, but your project is ready to go"
+        );
+      }
+
+      // let users know what to do now
+      instructions.forEach((instruction) => logger.log(instruction));
     }
   );
 
@@ -378,83 +840,34 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
     (yargs) => {
       return yargs.option("env", {
         describe: "Perform on a specific environment",
+        type: "string",
       });
     },
-    () => {
+    async (buildArgs) => {
       // "[DEPRECATED] 🦀 Build your project (if applicable)",
-      throw new DeprecationError(
-        "`wrangler build` has been deprecated, please refer to TODO://some/path for alternatives"
-      );
-    }
-  );
 
-  // login
-  wrangler.command(
-    // this needs scopes as an option?
-    "login",
-    false, // we don't need to show this in the menu
-    // "🔓 Login to Cloudflare",
-    (yargs) => {
-      // TODO: This needs some copy editing
-      // I mean, this entire app does, but this too.
-      return yargs
-        .option("scopes-list", {
-          describe: "list all the available OAuth scopes with descriptions.",
+      const envFlag = buildArgs.env ? ` --env=${buildArgs.env}` : "";
+      logger.log(
+        formatMessage({
+          kind: "warning",
+          text: "Deprecation: `wrangler build` has been deprecated.",
+          notes: [
+            {
+              text: "Please refer to https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/wrangler/migration/deprecations/#build for more information.",
+            },
+            {
+              text: `Attempting to run \`wrangler publish --dry-run --outdir=dist${envFlag}\` for you instead:`,
+            },
+          ],
         })
-        .option("scopes", {
-          describe: "allows to choose your set of OAuth scopes.",
-          array: true,
-          type: "string",
-        });
-
-      // TODO: scopes
-    },
-    async (args) => {
-      if (args["scopes-list"]) {
-        listScopes();
-        return;
-      }
-      if (args.scopes) {
-        if (args.scopes.length === 0) {
-          // don't allow no scopes to be passed, that would be weird
-          listScopes();
-          return;
-        }
-        if (!validateScopeKeys(args.scopes)) {
-          throw new CommandLineArgsError(
-            `One of ${args.scopes} is not a valid authentication scope. Run "wrangler login --list-scopes" to see the valid scopes.`
-          );
-        }
-        await login({ scopes: args.scopes });
-        return;
-      }
-      await login();
-
-      // TODO: would be nice if it optionally saved login
-      // credentials inside node_modules/.cache or something
-      // this way you could have multiple users on a single machine
-    }
-  );
-
-  // logout
-  wrangler.command(
-    // this needs scopes as an option?
-    "logout",
-    false, // we don't need to show this in the menu
-    // "🚪 Logout from Cloudflare",
-    () => {},
-    async () => {
-      await logout();
-    }
-  );
+      );
 
-  // whoami
-  wrangler.command(
-    "whoami",
-    "🕵️  Retrieve your user info and test your auth config",
-    () => {},
-    async () => {
-      await whoami();
+      await createCLIParser([
+        "publish",
+        "--dry-run",
+        "--outdir=dist",
+        ...(buildArgs.env ? ["--env", buildArgs.env] : []),
+      ]).parse();
     }
   );
 
@@ -466,43 +879,48 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
     () => {
       // "🕵️  Authenticate Wrangler with a Cloudflare API Token",
       throw new DeprecationError(
-        "`wrangler config` has been deprecated, please refer to TODO://some/path for alternatives"
+        "`wrangler config` has been deprecated, please refer to https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/wrangler/migration/deprecations/#config for alternatives"
       );
     }
   );
 
   // dev
   wrangler.command(
-    "dev <filename>",
+    "dev [script]",
     "👂 Start a local server for developing your worker",
     (yargs) => {
       return yargs
-        .positional("filename", {
-          describe: "entry point",
+        .positional("script", {
+          describe: "The path to an entry point for your worker",
           type: "string",
-          demandOption: true,
         })
         .option("name", {
-          describe: "name of the script",
+          describe: "Name of the worker",
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
         })
         .option("format", {
           choices: ["modules", "service-worker"] as const,
           describe: "Choose an entry type",
+          deprecated: true,
         })
         .option("env", {
           describe: "Perform on a specific environment",
           type: "string",
-          // TODO: get choices for the toml file?
+          requiresArg: true,
+          alias: "e",
         })
         .option("compatibility-date", {
           describe: "Date to use for compatibility checks",
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
         })
         .option("compatibility-flags", {
           describe: "Flags to use for compatibility checks",
-          type: "array",
           alias: "compatibility-flag",
+          type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
+          array: true,
         })
         .option("latest", {
           describe: "Use the latest version of the worker runtime",
@@ -510,154 +928,218 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
           default: true,
         })
         .option("ip", {
-          describe: "IP address to listen on",
+          describe: "IP address to listen on, defaults to `localhost`",
           type: "string",
-          default: "127.0.0.1",
+          requiresArg: true,
         })
         .option("port", {
-          describe: "Port to listen on, defaults to 8787",
+          describe: "Port to listen on",
           type: "number",
-          default: 8787,
+        })
+        .option("inspector-port", {
+          describe: "Port for devtools to connect to",
+          type: "number",
+        })
+        .option("routes", {
+          describe: "Routes to upload",
+          alias: "route",
+          type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
+          array: true,
         })
         .option("host", {
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
           describe:
             "Host to forward requests to, defaults to the zone of project",
         })
         .option("local-protocol", {
-          default: "http",
           describe: "Protocol to listen to requests on, defaults to http.",
-          choices: ["http", "https"],
+          choices: ["http", "https"] as const,
         })
         .option("experimental-public", {
           describe: "Static assets to be served",
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
+          deprecated: true,
+          hidden: true,
+        })
+        .option("assets", {
+          describe: "Static assets to be served",
+          type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
         })
         .option("site", {
           describe: "Root folder of static assets for Workers Sites",
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
         })
         .option("site-include", {
           describe:
             "Array of .gitignore-style patterns that match file or directory names from the sites directory. Only matched items will be uploaded.",
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
           array: true,
         })
         .option("site-exclude", {
           describe:
             "Array of .gitignore-style patterns that match file or directory names from the sites directory. Matched items will not be uploaded.",
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
           array: true,
         })
         .option("upstream-protocol", {
-          default: "https",
           describe:
             "Protocol to forward requests to host on, defaults to https.",
-          choices: ["http", "https"],
+          choices: ["http", "https"] as const,
         })
         .option("jsx-factory", {
           describe: "The function that is called for each JSX element",
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
         })
         .option("jsx-fragment", {
           describe: "The function that is called for each JSX fragment",
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
+        })
+        .option("tsconfig", {
+          describe: "Path to a custom tsconfig.json file",
+          type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
+        })
+        .option("local", {
+          alias: "l",
+          describe: "Run on my machine",
+          type: "boolean",
+          default: false, // I bet this will a point of contention. We'll revisit it.
+        })
+        .option("minify", {
+          describe: "Minify the script",
+          type: "boolean",
+        })
+        .option("node-compat", {
+          describe: "Enable node.js compatibility",
+          type: "boolean",
         })
         .option("experimental-enable-local-persistence", {
           describe: "Enable persistence for this session (only for local mode)",
           type: "boolean",
+        })
+        .option("inspect", {
+          describe: "Enable dev tools",
+          type: "boolean",
+          deprecated: true,
+        })
+        .option("legacy-env", {
+          type: "boolean",
+          describe: "Use legacy environments",
+          hidden: true,
         });
     },
     async (args) => {
-      const { filename, format } = args;
-      const config = args.config as Config;
+      let watcher: ReturnType<typeof watch> | undefined;
+      try {
+        await printWranglerBanner();
+        const configPath =
+          (args.config as ConfigPath) ||
+          ((args.script &&
+            findWranglerToml(path.dirname(args.script))) as ConfigPath);
+        let config = readConfig(configPath, args);
+
+        if (config.configPath) {
+          watcher = watch(config.configPath, {
+            persistent: true,
+          }).on("change", async (_event) => {
+            // TODO: Do we need to handle different `_event` types differently?
+            //       e.g. what if the file is deleted, or added?
+            config = readConfig(configPath, args);
+            if (config.configPath) {
+              logger.log(`${path.basename(config.configPath)} changed...`);
+              rerender(await getDevReactElement(config));
+            }
+          });
+        }
 
-      if (args["experimental-public"]) {
-        console.warn(
-          "🚨  The --experimental-public field is experimental and will change in the future."
-        );
-      }
+        const entry = await getEntry(args, config, "dev");
 
-      if (args.public) {
-        throw new Error(
-          "🚨  The --public field has been renamed to --experimental-public, and will change behaviour in the future."
-        );
-      }
+        if (config.services && config.services.length > 0) {
+          logger.warn(
+            `This worker is bound to live services: ${config.services
+              .map(
+                (service) =>
+                  `${service.binding} (${service.service}${
+                    service.environment ? `@${service.environment}` : ""
+                  })`
+              )
+              .join(", ")}`
+          );
+        }
 
-      if (config.site?.["entry-point"]) {
-        console.warn(
-          "Deprecation notice: The `site.entry-point` config field is no longer used.\n" +
-            "The entry-point is specified via the command line (e.g. `wrangler dev path/to/script`).\n" +
-            "Please remove the `site.entry-point` field from the `wrangler.toml` file."
-        );
-      }
+        if (args.inspect) {
+          logger.warn(
+            "Passing --inspect is unnecessary, now you can always connect to devtools."
+          );
+        }
 
-      if (!args.local) {
-        // -- snip, extract --
-        const loggedIn = await loginOrRefreshIfRequired();
-        if (!loggedIn) {
-          // didn't login, let's just quit
-          console.log("Did not login, quitting...");
-          return;
+        if (args["experimental-public"]) {
+          throw new Error(
+            "The --experimental-public field has been renamed to --assets"
+          );
         }
 
-        if (!config.account_id) {
-          config.account_id = await getAccountId();
-          if (!config.account_id) {
-            throw new Error("No account id found, quitting...");
-          }
+        if (args.public) {
+          throw new Error("The --public field has been renamed to --assets");
         }
-        // -- snip, end --
-      }
 
-      const environments = config.env ?? {};
-      const envRootObj = args.env ? environments[args.env] || {} : config;
+        if ((args.assets || config.assets) && (args.site || config.site)) {
+          throw new Error(
+            "Cannot use Assets and Workers Sites in the same Worker."
+          );
+        }
 
-      // TODO: this error shouldn't actually happen,
-      // but we haven't fixed it internally yet
-      if ("durable_objects" in envRootObj) {
-        if (!(args.name || config.name)) {
-          console.warn(
-            'A worker with durable objects needs to be named, or it may not work as expected. Add a "name" into wrangler.toml, or pass it in the command line with --name.'
+        const upstreamProtocol =
+          args["upstream-protocol"] || config.dev.upstream_protocol;
+        if (upstreamProtocol === "http") {
+          logger.warn(
+            "Setting upstream-protocol to http is not currently implemented.\n" +
+              "If this is required in your project, please add your use case to the following issue:\n" +
+              "https://github.com/cloudflare/wrangler2/issues/583."
           );
         }
-        // TODO: if not already published, publish a draft worker
-      }
 
-      const { waitUntilExit } = render(
-        <Dev
-          name={args.name || config.name}
-          entry={path.relative(process.cwd(), filename)}
-          env={args.env}
-          buildCommand={config.build || {}}
-          format={format}
-          initialMode={args.local ? "local" : "remote"}
-          jsxFactory={args["jsx-factory"] || envRootObj?.jsx_factory}
-          jsxFragment={args["jsx-fragment"] || envRootObj?.jsx_fragment}
-          enableLocalPersistence={
-            args["experimental-enable-local-persistence"] || false
-          }
-          accountId={config.account_id}
-          assetPaths={getAssetPaths(
-            config,
-            args.site,
-            args.siteInclude,
-            args.siteExclude
-          )}
-          port={args.port || config.dev?.port}
-          public={args["experimental-public"]}
-          compatibilityDate={
-            args["compatibility-date"] ||
-            config.compatibility_date ||
-            new Date().toISOString().substring(0, 10)
+        // TODO: if worker_dev = false and no routes, then error (only for dev)
+
+        // Compute zone info from the `host` and `route` args and config;
+        let host = args.host || config.dev.host;
+        let zoneId: string | undefined;
+
+        if (!args.local) {
+          if (host) {
+            zoneId = await getZoneIdFromHost(host);
           }
-          compatibilityFlags={
-            (args["compatibility-flags"] as string[]) ||
-            config.compatibility_flags
+          const routes = args.routes || config.route || config.routes;
+          if (!zoneId && routes) {
+            const firstRoute = Array.isArray(routes) ? routes[0] : routes;
+            const zone = await getZoneForRoute(firstRoute);
+            if (zone) {
+              zoneId = zone.id;
+              host = zone.host;
+            }
           }
-          usageModel={config.usage_model}
-          bindings={{
-            kv_namespaces: envRootObj.kv_namespaces?.map(
+        }
+
+        const nodeCompat = args.nodeCompat ?? config.node_compat;
+        if (nodeCompat) {
+          logger.warn(
+            "Enabling node.js compatibility mode for built-ins and globals. This is experimental and has serious tradeoffs. Please see https://github.com/ionic-team/rollup-plugin-node-polyfills/ for more details."
+          );
+        }
+
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-inner-declarations
+        async function getBindings(configParam: Config) {
+          return {
+            kv_namespaces: configParam.kv_namespaces?.map(
               ({ binding, preview_id, id: _id }) => {
                 // In `dev`, we make folks use a separate kv namespace called
                 // `preview_id` instead of `id` so that they don't
@@ -678,13 +1160,116 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
                 };
               }
             ),
-            vars: envRootObj.vars,
-            durable_objects: envRootObj.durable_objects,
-            services: envRootObj.experimental_services,
-          }}
-        />
-      );
-      await waitUntilExit();
+            // Use a copy of combinedVars since we're modifying it later
+            vars: getVarsForDev(configParam),
+            wasm_modules: configParam.wasm_modules,
+            text_blobs: configParam.text_blobs,
+            data_blobs: configParam.data_blobs,
+            durable_objects: configParam.durable_objects,
+            r2_buckets: configParam.r2_buckets?.map(
+              ({ binding, preview_bucket_name, bucket_name: _bucket_name }) => {
+                // same idea as kv namespace preview id,
+                // same copy-on-write TODO
+                if (!preview_bucket_name) {
+                  throw new Error(
+                    `In development, you should use a separate r2 bucket than the one you'd use in production. Please create a new r2 bucket with "wrangler r2 bucket create <name>" and add its name as preview_bucket_name to the r2_buckets "${binding}" in your wrangler.toml`
+                  );
+                }
+                return {
+                  binding,
+                  bucket_name: preview_bucket_name,
+                };
+              }
+            ),
+            services: configParam.services,
+            unsafe: configParam.unsafe?.bindings,
+          };
+        }
+
+        const getLocalPort = memoizeGetPort(DEFAULT_LOCAL_PORT);
+        const getInspectorPort = memoizeGetPort(9229);
+
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-inner-declarations
+        async function getDevReactElement(configParam: Config) {
+          // now log all available bindings into the terminal
+          const bindings = await getBindings(configParam);
+          // mask anything that was overridden in .dev.vars
+          // so that we don't log potential secrets into the terminal
+          const maskedVars = { ...bindings.vars };
+          for (const key of Object.keys(maskedVars)) {
+            if (maskedVars[key] !== configParam.vars[key]) {
+              // This means it was overridden in .dev.vars
+              // so let's mask it
+              maskedVars[key] = "(hidden)";
+            }
+          }
+
+          printBindings({
+            ...bindings,
+            vars: maskedVars,
+          });
+
+          const assetPaths =
+            args.assets || config.assets
+              ? getAssetPaths(config, args.assets)
+              : getSiteAssetPaths(
+                  config,
+                  args.site,
+                  args.siteInclude,
+                  args.siteExclude
+                );
+
+          return (
+            <Dev
+              name={getScriptName(args, config)}
+              entry={entry}
+              env={args.env}
+              zone={zoneId}
+              host={host}
+              rules={getRules(config)}
+              legacyEnv={isLegacyEnv(config)}
+              minify={args.minify ?? config.minify}
+              nodeCompat={nodeCompat}
+              build={config.build || {}}
+              initialMode={args.local ? "local" : "remote"}
+              jsxFactory={args["jsx-factory"] || config.jsx_factory}
+              jsxFragment={args["jsx-fragment"] || config.jsx_fragment}
+              tsconfig={args.tsconfig ?? config.tsconfig}
+              upstreamProtocol={upstreamProtocol}
+              localProtocol={
+                args["local-protocol"] || config.dev.local_protocol
+              }
+              enableLocalPersistence={
+                args["experimental-enable-local-persistence"] || false
+              }
+              accountId={config.account_id}
+              assetPaths={assetPaths}
+              port={args.port || config.dev.port || (await getLocalPort())}
+              ip={args.ip || config.dev.ip}
+              inspectorPort={
+                args["inspector-port"] ?? (await getInspectorPort())
+              }
+              isWorkersSite={Boolean(args.site || config.site)}
+              compatibilityDate={getDevCompatibilityDate(
+                config,
+                args["compatibility-date"]
+              )}
+              compatibilityFlags={
+                args["compatibility-flags"] || config.compatibility_flags
+              }
+              usageModel={config.usage_model}
+              bindings={bindings}
+              crons={config.triggers.crons}
+            />
+          );
+        }
+        const { waitUntilExit, rerender } = render(
+          await getDevReactElement(config)
+        );
+        await waitUntilExit();
+      } finally {
+        await watcher?.close();
+      }
     }
   );
 
@@ -696,24 +1281,41 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
       return yargs
         .option("env", {
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
           describe: "Perform on a specific environment",
+          alias: "e",
         })
         .positional("script", {
-          describe: "script to upload",
+          describe: "The path to an entry point for your worker",
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
         })
         .option("name", {
-          describe: "name to use when uploading",
+          describe: "Name of the worker",
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
+        })
+        .option("outdir", {
+          describe: "Output directory for the bundled worker",
+          type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
+        })
+        .option("format", {
+          choices: ["modules", "service-worker"] as const,
+          describe: "Choose an entry type",
+          deprecated: true,
         })
         .option("compatibility-date", {
           describe: "Date to use for compatibility checks",
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
         })
         .option("compatibility-flags", {
           describe: "Flags to use for compatibility checks",
-          type: "array",
           alias: "compatibility-flag",
+          type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
+          array: true,
         })
         .option("latest", {
           describe: "Use the latest version of the worker runtime",
@@ -723,115 +1325,146 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
         .option("experimental-public", {
           describe: "Static assets to be served",
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
+          deprecated: true,
+          hidden: true,
+        })
+        .option("assets", {
+          describe: "Static assets to be served",
+          type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
         })
         .option("site", {
           describe: "Root folder of static assets for Workers Sites",
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
         })
         .option("site-include", {
           describe:
             "Array of .gitignore-style patterns that match file or directory names from the sites directory. Only matched items will be uploaded.",
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
           array: true,
         })
         .option("site-exclude", {
           describe:
             "Array of .gitignore-style patterns that match file or directory names from the sites directory. Matched items will not be uploaded.",
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
           array: true,
         })
         .option("triggers", {
           describe: "cron schedules to attach",
           alias: ["schedule", "schedules"],
-          type: "array",
+          type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
+          array: true,
         })
         .option("routes", {
-          describe: "routes to upload",
+          describe: "Routes to upload",
           alias: "route",
-          type: "array",
-        })
-        .option("services", {
-          describe: "experimental support for services",
-          type: "boolean",
-          default: "false",
-          hidden: true,
+          type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
+          array: true,
         })
         .option("jsx-factory", {
           describe: "The function that is called for each JSX element",
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
         })
         .option("jsx-fragment", {
           describe: "The function that is called for each JSX fragment",
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
+        })
+        .option("tsconfig", {
+          describe: "Path to a custom tsconfig.json file",
+          type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
+        })
+        .option("minify", {
+          describe: "Minify the script",
+          type: "boolean",
+        })
+        .option("node-compat", {
+          describe: "Enable node.js compatibility",
+          type: "boolean",
+        })
+        .option("dry-run", {
+          describe: "Don't actually publish",
+          type: "boolean",
+        })
+        .option("legacy-env", {
+          type: "boolean",
+          describe: "Use legacy environments",
+          hidden: true,
         });
     },
     async (args) => {
-      if (args.local) {
-        throw new NotImplementedError(
-          "🚫  Local publishing is not yet supported"
-        );
-      }
+      await printWranglerBanner();
+
+      const configPath =
+        (args.config as ConfigPath) ||
+        (args.script && findWranglerToml(path.dirname(args.script)));
+      const config = readConfig(configPath, args);
+      const entry = await getEntry(args, config, "publish");
 
+      if (args.public) {
+        throw new Error("The --public field has been renamed to --assets");
+      }
       if (args["experimental-public"]) {
-        console.warn(
-          "🚨  The --experimental-public field is experimental and will change in the future."
+        throw new Error(
+          "The --experimental-public field has been renamed to --assets"
         );
       }
-      if (args.public) {
+
+      if ((args.assets || config.assets) && (args.site || config.site)) {
         throw new Error(
-          "🚨  The --public field has been renamed to --experimental-public, and will change behaviour in the future."
+          "Cannot use Assets and Workers Sites in the same Worker."
         );
       }
 
-      const config = args.config as Config;
-
       if (args.latest) {
-        console.warn(
-          "⚠️  Using the latest version of the Workers runtime. To silence this warning, please choose a specific version of the runtime with --compatibility-date, or add a compatibility_date to your wrangler.toml.\n"
+        logger.warn(
+          "Using the latest version of the Workers runtime. To silence this warning, please choose a specific version of the runtime with --compatibility-date, or add a compatibility_date to your wrangler.toml.\n"
         );
       }
 
-      if (!args.local) {
-        // -- snip, extract --
-        const loggedIn = await loginOrRefreshIfRequired();
-        if (!loggedIn) {
-          // didn't login, let's just quit
-          console.log("Did not login, quitting...");
-          return;
-        }
+      const accountId = args.dryRun ? undefined : await requireAuth(config);
 
-        if (!config.account_id) {
-          config.account_id = await getAccountId();
-          if (!config.account_id) {
-            throw new Error("No account id found, quitting...");
-          }
-        }
-        // -- snip, end --
-      }
+      const assetPaths =
+        args.assets || config.assets
+          ? getAssetPaths(config, args.assets)
+          : getSiteAssetPaths(
+              config,
+              args.site,
+              args.siteInclude,
+              args.siteExclude
+            );
 
-      const assetPaths = getAssetPaths(
-        config,
-        args["experimental-public"] || args.site,
-        args.siteInclude,
-        args.siteExclude
-      );
       await publish({
-        config: args.config as Config,
-        name: args.name,
-        script: args.script,
+        config,
+        accountId,
+        name: getScriptName(args, config),
+        rules: getRules(config),
+        entry,
         env: args.env,
         compatibilityDate: args.latest
           ? new Date().toISOString().substring(0, 10)
           : args["compatibility-date"],
-        compatibilityFlags: args["compatibility-flags"] as string[],
+        compatibilityFlags: args["compatibility-flags"],
         triggers: args.triggers,
         jsxFactory: args["jsx-factory"],
         jsxFragment: args["jsx-fragment"],
+        tsconfig: args.tsconfig,
         routes: args.routes,
         assetPaths,
-        format: undefined, // TODO: add args for this
-        legacyEnv: undefined, // TODO: get this from somewhere... config?
-        experimentalPublic: args["experimental-public"] !== undefined,
+        legacyEnv: isLegacyEnv(config),
+        minify: args.minify,
+        nodeCompat: args.nodeCompat,
+        isWorkersSite: Boolean(args.site || config.site),
+        outDir: args.outdir,
+        dryRun: args.dryRun,
       });
     }
   );
@@ -839,119 +1472,147 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
   // tail
   wrangler.command(
     "tail [name]",
-    "🦚 Starts a log tailing session for a deployed Worker.",
+    "🦚 Starts a log tailing session for a published Worker.",
     (yargs) => {
-      return (
-        yargs
-          .positional("name", {
-            describe: "name of the worker",
-            type: "string",
-          })
-          // TODO: auto-detect if this should be json or pretty based on atty
-          .option("format", {
-            default: "json",
-            choices: ["json", "pretty"],
-            describe: "The format of log entries",
-          })
-          .option("status", {
-            choices: ["ok", "error", "canceled"],
-            describe: "Filter by invocation status",
-          })
-          .option("header", {
-            type: "string",
-            describe: "Filter by HTTP header",
-          })
-          .option("method", {
-            type: "string",
-            describe: "Filter by HTTP method",
-          })
-          .option("sampling-rate", {
-            type: "number",
-            describe: "Adds a percentage of requests to log sampling rate",
-          })
-          .option("search", {
-            type: "string",
-            describe: "Filter by a text match in console.log messages",
-          })
-          .option("env", {
-            type: "string",
-            describe: "Perform on a specific environment",
-          })
-      );
-      // TODO: filter by client ip, which can be 'self' or an ip address
+      return yargs
+        .positional("name", {
+          describe: "Name of the worker",
+          type: "string",
+        })
+        .option("format", {
+          default: process.stdout.isTTY ? "pretty" : "json",
+          choices: ["json", "pretty"],
+          describe: "The format of log entries",
+        })
+        .option("status", {
+          choices: ["ok", "error", "canceled"],
+          describe: "Filter by invocation status",
+          array: true,
+        })
+        .option("header", {
+          type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
+          describe: "Filter by HTTP header",
+        })
+        .option("method", {
+          type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
+          describe: "Filter by HTTP method",
+          array: true,
+        })
+        .option("sampling-rate", {
+          type: "number",
+          describe: "Adds a percentage of requests to log sampling rate",
+        })
+        .option("search", {
+          type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
+          describe: "Filter by a text match in console.log messages",
+        })
+        .option("ip", {
+          type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
+          describe:
+            'Filter by the IP address the request originates from. Use "self" to filter for your own IP',
+          array: true,
+        })
+        .option("env", {
+          type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
+          describe: "Perform on a specific environment",
+          alias: "e",
+        })
+        .option("debug", {
+          type: "boolean",
+          hidden: true,
+          default: false,
+          describe:
+            "If a log would have been filtered out, send it through anyway alongside the filter which would have blocked it.",
+        })
+        .option("legacy-env", {
+          type: "boolean",
+          describe: "Use legacy environments",
+          hidden: true,
+        });
     },
     async (args) => {
-      if (args.local) {
-        throw new NotImplementedError(
-          `local mode is not yet supported for this command`
-        );
+      if (args.format === "pretty") {
+        await printWranglerBanner();
       }
+      const config = readConfig(args.config as ConfigPath, args);
 
-      const config = args.config as Config;
+      const scriptName = getLegacyScriptName(args, config);
 
-      if (!(args.name || config.name)) {
+      if (!scriptName) {
         throw new Error("Missing script name");
       }
-      const scriptName = `${args.name || config.name}${
-        args.env ? `-${args.env}` : ""
-      }`;
 
-      // -- snip, extract --
-      const loggedIn = await loginOrRefreshIfRequired();
-      if (!loggedIn) {
-        // didn't login, let's just quit
-        console.log("Did not login, quitting...");
-        return;
-      }
+      const accountId = await requireAuth(config);
 
-      if (!config.account_id) {
-        config.account_id = await getAccountId();
-        if (!config.account_id) {
-          throw new Error("No account id found, quitting...");
-        }
-      }
-      // -- snip, end --
-
-      const accountId = config.account_id;
-
-      const filters = {
-        status: args.status as "ok" | "error" | "canceled",
+      const cliFilters: TailCLIFilters = {
+        status: args.status as ("ok" | "error" | "canceled")[] | undefined,
         header: args.header,
         method: args.method,
-        "sampling-rate": args["sampling-rate"],
+        samplingRate: args["sampling-rate"],
         search: args.search,
+        clientIp: args.ip,
       };
 
-      const { tail, expiration, /* sendHeartbeat, */ deleteTail } =
-        await createTail(accountId, scriptName, filters);
+      const filters = translateCLICommandToFilterMessage(
+        cliFilters,
+        args.debug
+      );
 
-      console.log(
-        `successfully created tail, expires at ${expiration.toLocaleString()}`
+      const { tail, expiration, deleteTail } = await createTail(
+        accountId,
+        scriptName,
+        filters,
+        !isLegacyEnv(config) ? args.env : undefined
       );
 
+      const scriptDisplayName = `${scriptName}${
+        args.env && !isLegacyEnv(config) ? ` (${args.env})` : ""
+      }`;
+
+      if (args.format === "pretty") {
+        logger.log(
+          `Successfully created tail, expires at ${expiration.toLocaleString()}`
+        );
+      }
+
       onExit(async () => {
         tail.terminate();
         await deleteTail();
       });
 
-      tail.on("message", (data) => {
-        console.log(JSON.stringify(JSON.parse(data.toString()), null, "  "));
-      });
+      const printLog: (data: RawData) => void =
+        args.format === "pretty" ? prettyPrintLogs : jsonPrintLogs;
+
+      tail.on("message", printLog);
 
       while (tail.readyState !== tail.OPEN) {
         switch (tail.readyState) {
           case tail.CONNECTING:
-            await setTimeout(1000);
+            await setTimeout(100);
             break;
           case tail.CLOSING:
-            await setTimeout(1000);
+            await setTimeout(100);
             break;
           case tail.CLOSED:
-            process.exit(1);
+            throw new Error(
+              `Connection to ${scriptDisplayName} closed unexpectedly.`
+            );
         }
       }
 
-      console.log(`Connected to ${scriptName}, waiting for logs...`);
+      if (args.format === "pretty") {
+        logger.log(`Connected to ${scriptDisplayName}, waiting for logs...`);
+      }
+
+      tail.on("close", async () => {
+        tail.terminate();
+        await deleteTail();
+      });
     }
   );
 
@@ -962,17 +1623,16 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
     (yargs) => {
       return yargs
         .positional("method", {
+          type: "string",
           describe: "Type of request to preview your worker",
-          choices: ["GET", "POST"],
-          default: ["GET"],
         })
         .positional("body", {
           type: "string",
           describe: "Body string to post to your preview worker request.",
-          default: "Null",
         })
         .option("env", {
           type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
           describe: "Perform on a specific environment",
         })
         .option("watch", {
@@ -981,15 +1641,110 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
           type: "boolean",
         });
     },
-    () => {
-      // "🔬 [DEPRECATED] Preview your code temporarily on https://cloudflareworkers.com"
-      throw new DeprecationError(
-        "`wrangler preview` has been deprecated, please refer to TODO://some/path for alternatives"
+    async (args) => {
+      if (args.method || args.body) {
+        throw new DeprecationError(
+          "The `wrangler preview` command has been deprecated.\n" +
+            "Try using `wrangler dev` to to try out a worker during development.\n"
+        );
+      }
+
+      // Delegate to `wrangler dev`
+      logger.warn(
+        "***************************************************\n" +
+          "The `wrangler preview` command has been deprecated.\n" +
+          "Attempting to run `wrangler dev` instead.\n" +
+          "***************************************************\n"
+      );
+
+      const config = readConfig(args.config as ConfigPath, args);
+      const entry = await getEntry({}, config, "dev");
+
+      const accountId = await requireAuth(config);
+
+      const { waitUntilExit } = render(
+        <Dev
+          name={config.name}
+          entry={entry}
+          rules={getRules(config)}
+          env={args.env}
+          zone={undefined}
+          host={undefined}
+          legacyEnv={isLegacyEnv(config)}
+          build={config.build || {}}
+          minify={undefined}
+          nodeCompat={config.node_compat}
+          initialMode={args.local ? "local" : "remote"}
+          jsxFactory={config.jsx_factory}
+          jsxFragment={config.jsx_fragment}
+          tsconfig={config.tsconfig}
+          upstreamProtocol={config.dev.upstream_protocol}
+          localProtocol={config.dev.local_protocol}
+          enableLocalPersistence={false}
+          accountId={accountId}
+          assetPaths={undefined}
+          port={
+            config.dev.port || (await getPort({ port: DEFAULT_LOCAL_PORT }))
+          }
+          ip={config.dev.ip}
+          isWorkersSite={false}
+          compatibilityDate={getDevCompatibilityDate(config)}
+          compatibilityFlags={config.compatibility_flags}
+          usageModel={config.usage_model}
+          bindings={{
+            kv_namespaces: config.kv_namespaces?.map(
+              ({ binding, preview_id, id: _id }) => {
+                // In `dev`, we make folks use a separate kv namespace called
+                // `preview_id` instead of `id` so that they don't
+                // break production data. So here we check that a `preview_id`
+                // has actually been configured.
+                // This whole block of code will be obsoleted in the future
+                // when we have copy-on-write for previews on edge workers.
+                if (!preview_id) {
+                  // TODO: This error has to be a _lot_ better, ideally just asking
+                  // to create a preview namespace for the user automatically
+                  throw new Error(
+                    `In development, you should use a separate kv namespace than the one you'd use in production. Please create a new kv namespace with "wrangler kv:namespace create <name> --preview" and add its id as preview_id to the kv_namespace "${binding}" in your wrangler.toml`
+                  ); // Ugh, I really don't like this message very much
+                }
+                return {
+                  binding,
+                  id: preview_id,
+                };
+              }
+            ),
+            vars: config.vars,
+            wasm_modules: config.wasm_modules,
+            text_blobs: config.text_blobs,
+            data_blobs: config.data_blobs,
+            durable_objects: config.durable_objects,
+            r2_buckets: config.r2_buckets?.map(
+              ({ binding, preview_bucket_name, bucket_name: _bucket_name }) => {
+                // same idea as kv namespace preview id,
+                // same copy-on-write TODO
+                if (!preview_bucket_name) {
+                  throw new Error(
+                    `In development, you should use a separate r2 bucket than the one you'd use in production. Please create a new r2 bucket with "wrangler r2 bucket create <name>" and add its name as preview_bucket_name to the r2_buckets "${binding}" in your wrangler.toml`
+                  );
+                }
+                return {
+                  binding,
+                  bucket_name: preview_bucket_name,
+                };
+              }
+            ),
+            services: config.services,
+            unsafe: config.unsafe?.bindings,
+          }}
+          crons={config.triggers.crons}
+          inspectorPort={await getPort({ port: 9229 })}
+        />
       );
+      await waitUntilExit();
     }
   );
 
-  // route
+  // [DEPRECATED] route
   wrangler.command(
     "route",
     false, // I think we want to hide this command
@@ -998,35 +1753,39 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
       return routeYargs
         .command(
           "list",
-          "List a route associated with a zone",
+          "List the routes associated with a zone",
           (yargs) => {
             return yargs
               .option("env", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "Perform on a specific environment",
               })
               .option("zone", {
                 type: "string",
-                describe: "zone id",
+                requiresArg: true,
+                describe: "Zone id",
               })
               .positional("zone", {
-                describe: "zone id",
+                describe: "Zone id",
                 type: "string",
               });
           },
-          async (args) => {
-            console.log(":route list", args);
-            // TODO: use environment (current wrangler doesn't do so?)
-            const zone = args.zone || (args.config as Config).zone_id;
-            if (!zone) {
-              throw new Error("missing zone id");
-            }
-
-            console.log(await fetchResult(`/zones/${zone}/workers/routes`));
+          () => {
+            // "👯 [DEPRECATED]. Use wrangler.toml to manage routes.
+            const deprecationNotice =
+              "`wrangler route list` has been deprecated.";
+            const futureRoutes =
+              "Refer to wrangler.toml for a list of routes the worker will be deployed to upon publishing.";
+            const presentRoutes =
+              "Refer to the Cloudflare Dashboard to see the routes this worker is currently running on.";
+            throw new DeprecationError(
+              `${deprecationNotice}\n${futureRoutes}\n${presentRoutes}`
+            );
           }
         )
         .command(
-          "delete <id>",
+          "delete [id]",
           "Delete a route associated with a zone",
           (yargs) => {
             return yargs
@@ -1036,28 +1795,31 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
               })
               .option("zone", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "zone id",
               })
               .option("env", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "Perform on a specific environment",
               });
           },
-          async (args) => {
-            console.log(":route delete", args);
-            // TODO: use environment (current wrangler doesn't do so?)
-            const zone = args.zone || (args.config as Config).zone_id;
-            if (!zone) {
-              throw new Error("missing zone id");
-            }
-
-            console.log(
-              await fetchResult(`/zones/${zone}/workers/routes/${args.id}`, {
-                method: "DELETE",
-              })
-            );
+          () => {
+            // "👯 [DEPRECATED]. Use wrangler.toml to manage routes.
+            const deprecationNotice =
+              "`wrangler route delete` has been deprecated.";
+            const shouldDo =
+              "Remove the unwanted route(s) from wrangler.toml and run `wrangler publish` to remove your worker from those routes.";
+            throw new DeprecationError(`${deprecationNotice}\n${shouldDo}`);
           }
         );
+    },
+    () => {
+      // "👯 [DEPRECATED]. Use wrangler.toml to manage routes.
+      const deprecationNotice = "`wrangler route` has been deprecated.";
+      const shouldDo =
+        "Please use wrangler.toml and/or `wrangler publish --routes` to modify routes";
+      throw new DeprecationError(`${deprecationNotice}\n${shouldDo}`);
     }
   );
 
@@ -1071,7 +1833,7 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
     },
     () => {
       throw new DeprecationError(
-        "`wrangler subdomain` has been deprecated, please refer to TODO://some/path for alternatives"
+        "`wrangler subdomain` has been deprecated, please refer to https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/wrangler/migration/deprecations/#subdomain for alternatives"
       );
     }
   );
@@ -1082,190 +1844,190 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
     "🤫 Generate a secret that can be referenced in the worker script",
     (secretYargs) => {
       return secretYargs
+        .command(subHelp)
+        .option("legacy-env", {
+          type: "boolean",
+          describe: "Use legacy environments",
+          hidden: true,
+        })
         .command(
           "put <key>",
           "Create or update a secret variable for a script",
           (yargs) => {
             return yargs
               .positional("key", {
-                describe: "The variable name to be accessible in the script.",
+                describe: "The variable name to be accessible in the script",
                 type: "string",
               })
               .option("name", {
-                describe: "name of the script",
+                describe: "Name of the worker",
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
               })
               .option("env", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe:
-                  "Binds the secret to the script of the specific environment.",
+                  "Binds the secret to the Worker of the specific environment",
+                alias: "e",
               });
           },
           async (args) => {
-            const config = args.config as Config;
+            await printWranglerBanner();
+            const config = readConfig(args.config as ConfigPath, args);
 
-            // TODO: use environment (how does current wrangler do it?)
-            const scriptName = args.name || config.name;
+            const scriptName = getLegacyScriptName(args, config);
             if (!scriptName) {
               throw new Error("Missing script name");
             }
 
-            if (args.local) {
-              console.warn("`wrangler secret put` is a no-op in --local mode");
-            }
-
-            if (!args.local) {
-              // -- snip, extract --
-              const loggedIn = await loginOrRefreshIfRequired();
-              if (!loggedIn) {
-                // didn't login, let's just quit
-                console.log("Did not login, quitting...");
-                return;
-              }
+            const accountId = await requireAuth(config);
 
-              if (!config.account_id) {
-                config.account_id = await getAccountId();
-                if (!config.account_id) {
-                  throw new Error("No account id found, quitting...");
-                }
-              }
-              // -- snip, end --
-            }
+            const isInteractive = process.stdin.isTTY;
+            const secretValue = trimTrailingWhitespace(
+              isInteractive
+                ? await prompt("Enter a secret value:", "password")
+                : await readFromStdin()
+            );
 
-            const secretValue = await prompt(
-              "Enter a secret value:",
-              "password"
+            logger.log(
+              `🌀 Creating the secret for script ${scriptName} ${
+                args.env && !isLegacyEnv(config) ? `(${args.env})` : ""
+              }`
             );
 
-            if (args.local) {
-              return;
+            async function submitSecret() {
+              const url =
+                !args.env || isLegacyEnv(config)
+                  ? `/accounts/${accountId}/workers/scripts/${scriptName}/secrets`
+                  : `/accounts/${accountId}/workers/services/${scriptName}/environments/${args.env}/secrets`;
+
+              return await fetchResult(url, {
+                method: "PUT",
+                headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+                body: JSON.stringify({
+                  name: args.key,
+                  text: secretValue,
+                  type: "secret_text",
+                }),
+              });
             }
 
-            console.log(`🌀 Creating the secret for script ${scriptName}`);
-
-            async function submitSecret() {
-              return await fetchResult(
-                `/accounts/${config.account_id}/workers/scripts/${scriptName}/secrets/`,
+            const createDraftWorker = async () => {
+              // TODO: log a warning
+              await fetchResult(
+                !isLegacyEnv(config) && args.env
+                  ? `/accounts/${accountId}/workers/services/${scriptName}/environments/${args.env}`
+                  : `/accounts/${accountId}/workers/scripts/${scriptName}`,
                 {
                   method: "PUT",
-                  headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
-                  body: JSON.stringify({
-                    name: args.key,
-                    text: secretValue,
-                    type: "secret_text",
+                  body: createWorkerUploadForm({
+                    name: scriptName,
+                    main: {
+                      name: scriptName,
+                      content: `export default { fetch() {} }`,
+                      type: "esm",
+                    },
+                    bindings: {
+                      kv_namespaces: [],
+                      vars: {},
+                      durable_objects: { bindings: [] },
+                      r2_buckets: [],
+                      services: [],
+                      wasm_modules: {},
+                      text_blobs: {},
+                      data_blobs: {},
+                      unsafe: [],
+                    },
+                    modules: [],
+                    migrations: undefined,
+                    compatibility_date: undefined,
+                    compatibility_flags: undefined,
+                    usage_model: undefined,
                   }),
                 }
               );
+            };
+
+            function isMissingWorkerError(e: unknown): e is { code: 10007 } {
+              return (
+                typeof e === "object" &&
+                e !== null &&
+                (e as { code: number }).code === 10007
+              );
             }
 
             try {
               await submitSecret();
             } catch (e) {
-              if (e.code === 10007) {
-                // upload a draft worker
-                await fetchResult(
-                  `/accounts/${config.account_id}/workers/scripts/${scriptName}`,
-                  {
-                    method: "PUT",
-                    body: toFormData({
-                      name: scriptName,
-                      main: {
-                        name: scriptName,
-                        content: `export default { fetch() {} }`,
-                        type: "esm",
-                      },
-                      bindings: {
-                        kv_namespaces: [],
-                        vars: {},
-                        durable_objects: { bindings: [] },
-                      },
-                      modules: [],
-                      migrations: undefined,
-                      compatibility_date: undefined,
-                      compatibility_flags: undefined,
-                      usage_model: undefined,
-                    }),
-                  }
-                );
-
-                // and then try again
+              if (isMissingWorkerError(e)) {
+                // create a draft worker and try again
+                await createDraftWorker();
                 await submitSecret();
                 // TODO: delete the draft worker if this failed too?
+              } else {
+                throw e;
               }
             }
-            console.log(`✨ Success! Uploaded secret ${args.key}`);
+
+            logger.log(`✨ Success! Uploaded secret ${args.key}`);
           }
         )
         .command(
           "delete <key>",
           "Delete a secret variable from a script",
-          (yargs) => {
+          async (yargs) => {
+            await printWranglerBanner();
             return yargs
               .positional("key", {
-                describe: "The variable name to be accessible in the script.",
+                describe: "The variable name to be accessible in the script",
                 type: "string",
               })
               .option("name", {
-                describe: "name of the script",
+                describe: "Name of the worker",
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
               })
               .option("env", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe:
-                  "Binds the secret to the script of the specific environment.",
+                  "Binds the secret to the Worker of the specific environment",
+                alias: "e",
               });
           },
           async (args) => {
-            const config = args.config as Config;
+            const config = readConfig(args.config as ConfigPath, args);
 
-            // TODO: use environment (how does current wrangler do it?)
-            const scriptName = args.name || config.name;
+            const scriptName = getLegacyScriptName(args, config);
             if (!scriptName) {
               throw new Error("Missing script name");
             }
 
-            if (args.local) {
-              console.warn(
-                "`wrangler secret delete` is a no-op in --local mode"
-              );
-            }
-
-            if (!args.local) {
-              // -- snip, extract --
-              const loggedIn = await loginOrRefreshIfRequired();
-              if (!loggedIn) {
-                // didn't login, let's just quit
-                console.log("Did not login, quitting...");
-                return;
-              }
-
-              if (!config.account_id) {
-                config.account_id = await getAccountId();
-                if (!config.account_id) {
-                  throw new Error("No account id found, quitting...");
-                }
-              }
-              // -- snip, end --
-            }
+            const accountId = await requireAuth(config);
 
             if (
               await confirm(
-                `Are you sure you want to permanently delete the variable ${args.key} on the script ${scriptName}?`
+                `Are you sure you want to permanently delete the variable ${
+                  args.key
+                } on the script ${scriptName}${
+                  args.env && !isLegacyEnv(config) ? ` (${args.env})` : ""
+                }?`
               )
             ) {
-              console.log(
-                `🌀 Deleting the secret ${args.key} on script ${scriptName}.`
+              logger.log(
+                `🌀 Deleting the secret ${args.key} on script ${scriptName}${
+                  args.env && !isLegacyEnv(config) ? ` (${args.env})` : ""
+                }`
               );
 
-              if (args.local) {
-                return;
-              }
+              const url =
+                !args.env || isLegacyEnv(config)
+                  ? `/accounts/${accountId}/workers/scripts/${scriptName}/secrets`
+                  : `/accounts/${accountId}/workers/services/${scriptName}/environments/${args.env}/secrets`;
 
-              await fetchResult(
-                `/accounts/${config.account_id}/workers/scripts/${scriptName}/secrets/${args.key}`,
-                { method: "DELETE" }
-              );
-              console.log(`✨ Success! Deleted secret ${args.key}`);
+              await fetchResult(`${url}/${args.key}`, { method: "DELETE" });
+              logger.log(`✨ Success! Deleted secret ${args.key}`);
             }
           }
         )
@@ -1275,59 +2037,34 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
           (yargs) => {
             return yargs
               .option("name", {
-                describe: "name of the script",
+                describe: "Name of the worker",
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
               })
               .option("env", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe:
-                  "Binds the secret to the script of the specific environment.",
+                  "Binds the secret to the Worker of the specific environment.",
+                alias: "e",
               });
           },
           async (args) => {
-            const config = args.config as Config;
+            const config = readConfig(args.config as ConfigPath, args);
 
-            // TODO: use environment (how does current wrangler do it?)
-            const scriptName = args.name || config.name;
+            const scriptName = getLegacyScriptName(args, config);
             if (!scriptName) {
               throw new Error("Missing script name");
             }
 
-            if (args.local) {
-              console.warn("`wrangler secret list` is a no-op in --local mode");
-            }
-
-            if (!args.local) {
-              // -- snip, extract --
-              const loggedIn = await loginOrRefreshIfRequired();
-              if (!loggedIn) {
-                // didn't login, let's just quit
-                console.log("Did not login, quitting...");
-                return;
-              }
-
-              if (!config.account_id) {
-                config.account_id = await getAccountId();
-                if (!config.account_id) {
-                  throw new Error("No account id found, quitting...");
-                }
-              }
-              // -- snip, end --
-            }
+            const accountId = await requireAuth(config);
 
-            if (args.local) {
-              return;
-            }
+            const url =
+              !args.env || isLegacyEnv(config)
+                ? `/accounts/${accountId}/workers/scripts/${scriptName}/secrets`
+                : `/accounts/${accountId}/workers/services/${scriptName}/environments/${args.env}/secrets`;
 
-            console.log(
-              JSON.stringify(
-                await fetchResult(
-                  `/accounts/${config.account_id}/workers/scripts/${scriptName}/secrets`
-                ),
-                null,
-                "  "
-              )
-            );
+            logger.log(JSON.stringify(await fetchResult(url), null, "  "));
           }
         );
     }
@@ -1340,6 +2077,7 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
     "🗂️  Interact with your Workers KV Namespaces",
     (namespaceYargs) => {
       return namespaceYargs
+        .command(subHelp)
         .command(
           "create <namespace>",
           "Create a new namespace",
@@ -1352,7 +2090,9 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
               })
               .option("env", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "Perform on a specific environment",
+                alias: "e",
               })
               .option("preview", {
                 type: "boolean",
@@ -1360,22 +2100,17 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
               });
           },
           async (args) => {
-            if (args._.length > 2) {
-              const extraArgs = args._.slice(2).join(" ");
-              throw new CommandLineArgsError(
-                `Unexpected additional positional arguments "${extraArgs}".`
-              );
-            }
+            await printWranglerBanner();
 
-            if (!isValidNamespaceBinding(args.namespace)) {
+            if (!isValidKVNamespaceBinding(args.namespace)) {
               throw new CommandLineArgsError(
                 `The namespace binding name "${args.namespace}" is invalid. It can only have alphanumeric and _ characters, and cannot begin with a number.`
               );
             }
 
-            const config = args.config as Config;
+            const config = readConfig(args.config as ConfigPath, args);
             if (!config.name) {
-              console.warn(
+              logger.warn(
                 "No configured name present, using `worker` as a prefix for the title"
               );
             }
@@ -1385,52 +2120,24 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
             const preview = args.preview ? "_preview" : "";
             const title = `${name}${environment}-${args.namespace}${preview}`;
 
-            if (args.local) {
-              const { Miniflare } = await import("miniflare");
-              const mf = new Miniflare({
-                kvPersist: (args.kvPersist as string) || true,
-                // TODO: these options shouldn't be required
-                script: ` `, // has to be a string with at least one char
-              });
-              await mf.getKVNamespace(title); // this should "create" the namespace
-              console.log(`✨ Success! Created KV namespace ${title}`);
-            } else {
-              // -- snip, extract --
-              const loggedIn = await loginOrRefreshIfRequired();
-              if (!loggedIn) {
-                // didn't login, let's just quit
-                console.log("Did not login, quitting...");
-                return;
-              }
-
-              if (!config.account_id) {
-                config.account_id = await getAccountId();
-                if (!config.account_id) {
-                  throw new Error("No account id found, quitting...");
-                }
-              }
-              // -- snip, end --
+            const accountId = await requireAuth(config);
 
-              // TODO: generate a binding name stripping non alphanumeric chars
+            // TODO: generate a binding name stripping non alphanumeric chars
 
-              console.log(`🌀 Creating namespace with title "${title}"`);
-              const namespaceId = await createNamespace(
-                config.account_id,
-                title
-              );
+            logger.log(`🌀 Creating namespace with title "${title}"`);
+            const namespaceId = await createKVNamespace(accountId, title);
 
-              console.log("✨ Success!");
-              const envString = args.env ? ` under [env.${args.env}]` : "";
-              const previewString = args.preview ? "preview_" : "";
-              console.log(
-                `Add the following to your configuration file in your kv_namespaces array${envString}:`
-              );
-              console.log(
-                `{ binding = "${args.namespace}", ${previewString}id = "${namespaceId}" }`
-              );
+            logger.log("✨ Success!");
+            const envString = args.env ? ` under [env.${args.env}]` : "";
+            const previewString = args.preview ? "preview_" : "";
+            logger.log(
+              `Add the following to your configuration file in your kv_namespaces array${envString}:`
+            );
+            logger.log(
+              `{ binding = "${args.namespace}", ${previewString}id = "${namespaceId}" }`
+            );
 
-              // TODO: automatically write this block to the wrangler.toml config file??
-            }
+            // TODO: automatically write this block to the wrangler.toml config file??
           }
         )
         .command(
@@ -1438,39 +2145,15 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
           "Outputs a list of all KV namespaces associated with your account id.",
           {},
           async (args) => {
-            const config = args.config as Config;
-
-            if (args.local) {
-              throw new NotImplementedError(
-                `local mode is not yet supported for this command`
-              );
-            } else {
-              // -- snip, extract --
-              const loggedIn = await loginOrRefreshIfRequired();
-              if (!loggedIn) {
-                // didn't login, let's just quit
-                console.log("Did not login, quitting...");
-                return;
-              }
+            const config = readConfig(args.config as ConfigPath, args);
 
-              if (!config.account_id) {
-                config.account_id = await getAccountId();
-                if (!config.account_id) {
-                  throw new Error("No account id found, quitting...");
-                }
-              }
-              // -- snip, end --
+            const accountId = await requireAuth(config);
 
-              // TODO: we should show bindings if they exist for given ids
+            // TODO: we should show bindings if they exist for given ids
 
-              console.log(
-                JSON.stringify(
-                  await listNamespaces(config.account_id),
-                  null,
-                  "  "
-                )
-              );
-            }
+            logger.log(
+              JSON.stringify(await listKVNamespaces(accountId), null, "  ")
+            );
           }
         )
         .command(
@@ -1480,16 +2163,20 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
             return yargs
               .option("binding", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "The name of the namespace to delete",
               })
               .option("namespace-id", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "The id of the namespace to delete",
               })
               .check(demandOneOfOption("binding", "namespace-id"))
               .option("env", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "Perform on a specific environment",
+                alias: "e",
               })
               .option("preview", {
                 type: "boolean",
@@ -1497,61 +2184,39 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
               });
           },
           async (args) => {
-            const config = args.config as Config;
+            await printWranglerBanner();
+            const config = readConfig(args.config as ConfigPath, args);
 
-            if (args.local) {
-              throw new NotImplementedError(
-                `local mode is not yet supported for this command`
+            let id;
+            try {
+              id = getKVNamespaceId(args, config);
+            } catch (e) {
+              throw new CommandLineArgsError(
+                "Not able to delete namespace.\n" + ((e as Error).message ?? e)
               );
-            } else {
-              let id;
-              try {
-                id = getNamespaceId(args);
-              } catch (e) {
-                throw new CommandLineArgsError(
-                  "Not able to delete namespace.\n" + e.message
-                );
-              }
-
-              // -- snip, extract --
-              const loggedIn = await loginOrRefreshIfRequired();
-              if (!loggedIn) {
-                // didn't login, let's just quit
-                console.log("Did not login, quitting...");
-                return;
-              }
+            }
 
-              if (!config.account_id) {
-                config.account_id = await getAccountId();
-                if (!config.account_id) {
-                  throw new Error("No account id found, quitting...");
-                }
-              }
-              // -- snip, end --
+            const accountId = await requireAuth(config);
 
-              await fetchResult<{ id: string }>(
-                `/accounts/${config.account_id}/storage/kv/namespaces/${id}`,
-                { method: "DELETE" }
-              );
+            await deleteKVNamespace(accountId, id);
 
-              // TODO: recommend they remove it from wrangler.toml
+            // TODO: recommend they remove it from wrangler.toml
 
-              // test-mf wrangler kv:namespace delete --namespace-id 2a7d3d8b23fc4159b5afa489d6cfd388
-              // Are you sure you want to delete namespace 2a7d3d8b23fc4159b5afa489d6cfd388? [y/n]
-              // n
-              // 💁  Not deleting namespace 2a7d3d8b23fc4159b5afa489d6cfd388
-              // ➜  test-mf wrangler kv:namespace delete --namespace-id 2a7d3d8b23fc4159b5afa489d6cfd388
-              // Are you sure you want to delete namespace 2a7d3d8b23fc4159b5afa489d6cfd388? [y/n]
-              // y
-              // 🌀  Deleting namespace 2a7d3d8b23fc4159b5afa489d6cfd388
-              // ✨  Success
-              // ⚠️  Make sure to remove this "kv-namespace" entry from your configuration file!
-              // ➜  test-mf
+            // test-mf wrangler kv:namespace delete --namespace-id 2a7d3d8b23fc4159b5afa489d6cfd388
+            // Are you sure you want to delete namespace 2a7d3d8b23fc4159b5afa489d6cfd388? [y/n]
+            // n
+            // 💁  Not deleting namespace 2a7d3d8b23fc4159b5afa489d6cfd388
+            // ➜  test-mf wrangler kv:namespace delete --namespace-id 2a7d3d8b23fc4159b5afa489d6cfd388
+            // Are you sure you want to delete namespace 2a7d3d8b23fc4159b5afa489d6cfd388? [y/n]
+            // y
+            // 🌀  Deleting namespace 2a7d3d8b23fc4159b5afa489d6cfd388
+            // ✨  Success
+            // ⚠️  Make sure to remove this "kv-namespace" entry from your configuration file!
+            // ➜  test-mf
 
-              // TODO: do it automatically
+            // TODO: do it automatically
 
-              // TODO: delete the preview namespace as well?
-            }
+            // TODO: delete the preview namespace as well?
           }
         );
     }
@@ -1563,6 +2228,7 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
     "🔑 Individually manage Workers KV key-value pairs",
     (kvKeyYargs) => {
       return kvKeyYargs
+        .command(subHelp)
         .command(
           "put <key> [value]",
           "Writes a single key/value pair to the given namespace.",
@@ -1570,25 +2236,29 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
             return yargs
               .positional("key", {
                 type: "string",
-                describe: "The key to write to.",
+                describe: "The key to write to",
                 demandOption: true,
               })
               .positional("value", {
                 type: "string",
-                describe: "The value to write.",
+                describe: "The value to write",
               })
               .option("binding", {
                 type: "string",
-                describe: "The binding of the namespace to write to.",
+                requiresArg: true,
+                describe: "The binding of the namespace to write to",
               })
               .option("namespace-id", {
                 type: "string",
-                describe: "The id of the namespace to write to.",
+                requiresArg: true,
+                describe: "The id of the namespace to write to",
               })
               .check(demandOneOfOption("binding", "namespace-id"))
               .option("env", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "Perform on a specific environment",
+                alias: "e",
               })
               .option("preview", {
                 type: "boolean",
@@ -1596,7 +2266,7 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
               })
               .option("ttl", {
                 type: "number",
-                describe: "Time for which the entries should be visible.",
+                describe: "Time for which the entries should be visible",
               })
               .option("expiration", {
                 type: "number",
@@ -1605,60 +2275,39 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
               })
               .option("path", {
                 type: "string",
-                describe: "Read value from the file at a given path.",
+                requiresArg: true,
+                describe: "Read value from the file at a given path",
               })
               .check(demandOneOfOption("value", "path"));
           },
           async ({ key, ttl, expiration, ...args }) => {
-            const namespaceId = getNamespaceId(args);
+            await printWranglerBanner();
+            const config = readConfig(args.config as ConfigPath, args);
+            const namespaceId = getKVNamespaceId(args, config);
             // One of `args.path` and `args.value` must be defined
             const value = args.path
-              ? await readFile(args.path, "utf-8")
+              ? readFileSyncToBuffer(args.path)
               : // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-non-null-assertion
                 args.value!;
-            const config = args.config as Config;
 
             if (args.path) {
-              console.log(
-                `writing the contents of ${args.path} to the key "${key}" on namespace ${namespaceId}`
+              logger.log(
+                `Writing the contents of ${args.path} to the key "${key}" on namespace ${namespaceId}.`
               );
             } else {
-              console.log(
-                `writing the value "${value}" to key "${key}" on namespace ${namespaceId}`
+              logger.log(
+                `Writing the value "${value}" to key "${key}" on namespace ${namespaceId}.`
               );
             }
 
-            if (args.local) {
-              const { Miniflare } = await import("miniflare");
-              const mf = new Miniflare({
-                kvPersist: (args.kvPersist as string) || true,
-                // TODO: these options shouldn't be required
-                script: ` `, // has to be a string with at least one char
-              });
-              const ns = await mf.getKVNamespace(namespaceId);
-              await ns.put(key, value, { expiration, expirationTtl: ttl });
-            } else {
-              // -- snip, extract --
-              const loggedIn = await loginOrRefreshIfRequired();
-              if (!loggedIn) {
-                // didn't login, let's just quit
-                console.log("Did not login, quitting...");
-                return;
-              }
-
-              if (!config.account_id) {
-                config.account_id = await getAccountId();
-                if (!config.account_id) {
-                  throw new Error("No account id found, quitting...");
-                }
-              }
-              // -- snip, end --
+            const accountId = await requireAuth(config);
 
-              await putKeyValue(config.account_id, namespaceId, key, value, {
-                expiration,
-                expiration_ttl: ttl,
-              });
-            }
+            await putKVKeyValue(accountId, namespaceId, {
+              key,
+              value,
+              expiration,
+              expiration_ttl: ttl,
+            });
           }
         )
         .command(
@@ -1668,16 +2317,20 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
             return yargs
               .option("binding", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "The name of the namespace to list",
               })
               .option("namespace-id", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "The id of the namespace to list",
               })
               .check(demandOneOfOption("binding", "namespace-id"))
               .option("env", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "Perform on a specific environment",
+                alias: "e",
               })
               .option("preview", {
                 type: "boolean",
@@ -1687,49 +2340,23 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
               })
               .option("prefix", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "A prefix to filter listed keys",
               });
           },
           async ({ prefix, ...args }) => {
             // TODO: support for limit+cursor (pagination)
+            const config = readConfig(args.config as ConfigPath, args);
+            const namespaceId = getKVNamespaceId(args, config);
 
-            const namespaceId = getNamespaceId(args);
-            const config = args.config as Config;
-
-            if (args.local) {
-              const { Miniflare } = await import("miniflare");
-              const mf = new Miniflare({
-                kvPersist: (args.kvPersist as string) || true,
-                // TODO: these options shouldn't be required
-                script: ` `, // has to be a string with at least one char
-              });
-              const ns = await mf.getKVNamespace(namespaceId);
-              const listResponse = await ns.list({ prefix });
-              console.log(JSON.stringify(listResponse.keys, null, "  ")); // TODO: paginate, collate
-            } else {
-              // -- snip, extract --
-              const loggedIn = await loginOrRefreshIfRequired();
-              if (!loggedIn) {
-                // didn't login, let's just quit
-                console.log("Did not login, quitting...");
-                return;
-              }
+            const accountId = await requireAuth(config);
 
-              if (!config.account_id) {
-                config.account_id = await getAccountId();
-                if (!config.account_id) {
-                  throw new Error("No account id found, quitting...");
-                }
-              }
-              // -- snip, end --
-
-              const results = await listNamespaceKeys(
-                config.account_id,
-                namespaceId,
-                prefix
-              );
-              console.log(JSON.stringify(results, undefined, 2));
-            }
+            const results = await listKVNamespaceKeys(
+              accountId,
+              namespaceId,
+              prefix
+            );
+            logger.log(JSON.stringify(results, undefined, 2));
           }
         )
         .command(
@@ -1744,16 +2371,20 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
               })
               .option("binding", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "The name of the namespace to get from",
               })
               .option("namespace-id", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "The id of the namespace to get from",
               })
               .check(demandOneOfOption("binding", "namespace-id"))
               .option("env", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "Perform on a specific environment",
+                alias: "e",
               })
               .option("preview", {
                 type: "boolean",
@@ -1767,42 +2398,14 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
               });
           },
           async ({ key, ...args }) => {
-            const namespaceId = getNamespaceId(args);
-            const config = args.config as Config;
-
-            if (args.local) {
-              const { Miniflare } = await import("miniflare");
-              const mf = new Miniflare({
-                kvPersist: (args.kvPersist as string) || true,
-                // TODO: these options shouldn't be required
-                script: ` `, // has to be a string with at least one char
-              });
-              const ns = await mf.getKVNamespace(namespaceId);
-              console.log(await ns.get(key));
-              return;
-            }
+            const config = readConfig(args.config as ConfigPath, args);
+            const namespaceId = getKVNamespaceId(args, config);
 
-            if (!args.local) {
-              // -- snip, extract --
-              const loggedIn = await loginOrRefreshIfRequired();
-              if (!loggedIn) {
-                // didn't login, let's just quit
-                console.log("Did not login, quitting...");
-                return;
-              }
-
-              if (!config.account_id) {
-                config.account_id = await getAccountId();
-                if (!config.account_id) {
-                  throw new Error("No account id found, quitting...");
-                }
-              }
-              // -- snip, end --
+            const accountId = await requireAuth(config);
 
-              console.log(
-                await getKeyValue(config.account_id, namespaceId, key)
-              );
-            }
+            process.stdout.write(
+              Buffer.from(await getKVKeyValue(accountId, namespaceId, key))
+            );
           }
         )
         .command(
@@ -1817,16 +2420,20 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
               })
               .option("binding", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "The name of the namespace to delete from",
               })
               .option("namespace-id", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "The id of the namespace to delete from",
               })
               .check(demandOneOfOption("binding", "namespace-id"))
               .option("env", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "Perform on a specific environment",
+                alias: "e",
               })
               .option("preview", {
                 type: "boolean",
@@ -1834,48 +2441,17 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
               });
           },
           async ({ key, ...args }) => {
-            const namespaceId = getNamespaceId(args);
+            await printWranglerBanner();
+            const config = readConfig(args.config as ConfigPath, args);
+            const namespaceId = getKVNamespaceId(args, config);
 
-            console.log(
-              `deleting the key "${key}" on namespace ${namespaceId}`
+            logger.log(
+              `Deleting the key "${key}" on namespace ${namespaceId}.`
             );
 
-            if (args.local) {
-              const { Miniflare } = await import("miniflare");
-              const mf = new Miniflare({
-                kvPersist: (args.kvPersist as string) || true,
-                // TODO: these options shouldn't be required
-                script: ` `, // has to be a string with at least one char
-              });
-              const ns = await mf.getKVNamespace(namespaceId);
-              console.log(await ns.delete(key));
-              return;
-            }
-
-            const config = args.config as Config;
-
-            if (!args.local) {
-              // -- snip, extract --
-              const loggedIn = await loginOrRefreshIfRequired();
-              if (!loggedIn) {
-                // didn't login, let's just quit
-                console.log("Did not login, quitting...");
-                return;
-              }
-
-              if (!config.account_id) {
-                config.account_id = await getAccountId();
-                if (!config.account_id) {
-                  throw new Error("No account id found, quitting...");
-                }
-              }
-              // -- snip, end --
-            }
+            const accountId = await requireAuth(config);
 
-            await fetchResult(
-              `/accounts/${config.account_id}/storage/kv/namespaces/${namespaceId}/values/${key}`,
-              { method: "DELETE" }
-            );
+            await deleteKVKeyValue(accountId, namespaceId, key);
           }
         );
     }
@@ -1887,6 +2463,7 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
     "💪 Interact with multiple Workers KV key-value pairs at once",
     (kvBulkYargs) => {
       return kvBulkYargs
+        .command(subHelp)
         .command(
           "put <filename>",
           "Upload multiple key-value pairs to a namespace",
@@ -1899,16 +2476,20 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
               })
               .option("binding", {
                 type: "string",
-                describe: "The name of the namespace to put to",
+                requiresArg: true,
+                describe: "The name of the namespace to insert values into",
               })
               .option("namespace-id", {
                 type: "string",
-                describe: "The id of the namespace to put to",
+                requiresArg: true,
+                describe: "The id of the namespace to insert values into",
               })
               .check(demandOneOfOption("binding", "namespace-id"))
               .option("env", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "Perform on a specific environment",
+                alias: "e",
               })
               .option("preview", {
                 type: "boolean",
@@ -1916,62 +2497,67 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
               });
           },
           async ({ filename, ...args }) => {
+            await printWranglerBanner();
             // The simplest implementation I could think of.
             // This could be made more efficient with a streaming parser/uploader
             // but we'll do that in the future if needed.
 
-            const namespaceId = getNamespaceId(args);
-            const config = args.config as Config;
-            const content = await readFile(filename, "utf-8");
-            let parsedContent;
-            try {
-              parsedContent = JSON.parse(content);
-            } catch (err) {
+            const config = readConfig(args.config as ConfigPath, args);
+            const namespaceId = getKVNamespaceId(args, config);
+            const content = parseJSON(readFileSync(filename), filename);
+
+            if (!Array.isArray(content)) {
               throw new Error(
-                `Could not parse json from ${filename}.\n${err.message ?? err}`
+                `Unexpected JSON input from "${filename}".\n` +
+                  `Expected an array of key-value objects but got type "${typeof content}".`
               );
             }
 
-            if (args.local) {
-              const { Miniflare } = await import("miniflare");
-              const mf = new Miniflare({
-                kvPersist: (args.kvPersist as string) || true,
-                // TODO: these options shouldn't be required
-                script: ` `, // has to be a string with at least one char
-              });
-              const ns = await mf.getKVNamespace(namespaceId);
-              for (const {
-                key,
-                value,
-                expiration,
-                expiration_ttl,
-              } of parsedContent) {
-                await ns.put(key, value, {
-                  expiration,
-                  expirationTtl: expiration_ttl,
-                });
-              }
-            } else {
-              // -- snip, extract --
-              const loggedIn = await loginOrRefreshIfRequired();
-              if (!loggedIn) {
-                // didn't login, let's just quit
-                console.log("Did not login, quitting...");
-                return;
-              }
-
-              if (!config.account_id) {
-                config.account_id = await getAccountId();
-                if (!config.account_id) {
-                  throw new Error("No account id found, quitting...");
+            const errors: string[] = [];
+            const warnings: string[] = [];
+            for (let i = 0; i < content.length; i++) {
+              const keyValue = content[i];
+              if (!isKVKeyValue(keyValue)) {
+                errors.push(
+                  `The item at index ${i} is ${JSON.stringify(keyValue)}`
+                );
+              } else {
+                const props = unexpectedKVKeyValueProps(keyValue);
+                if (props.length > 0) {
+                  warnings.push(
+                    `The item at index ${i} contains unexpected properties: ${JSON.stringify(
+                      props
+                    )}.`
+                  );
                 }
               }
-              // -- snip, end --
-
-              console.log(
-                await putBulkKeyValue(config.account_id, namespaceId, content)
+            }
+            if (warnings.length > 0) {
+              logger.warn(
+                `Unexpected key-value properties in "${filename}".\n` +
+                  warnings.join("\n")
+              );
+            }
+            if (errors.length > 0) {
+              throw new Error(
+                `Unexpected JSON input from "${filename}".\n` +
+                  `Each item in the array should be an object that matches:\n\n` +
+                  `interface KeyValue {\n` +
+                  `  key: string;\n` +
+                  `  value: string;\n` +
+                  `  expiration?: number;\n` +
+                  `  expiration_ttl?: number;\n` +
+                  `  metadata?: object;\n` +
+                  `  base64?: boolean;\n` +
+                  `}\n\n` +
+                  errors.join("\n")
               );
             }
+
+            const accountId = await requireAuth(config);
+            await putKVBulkKeyValue(accountId, namespaceId, content);
+
+            logger.log("Success!");
           }
         )
         .command(
@@ -1986,116 +2572,325 @@ export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
               })
               .option("binding", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "The name of the namespace to delete from",
               })
               .option("namespace-id", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "The id of the namespace to delete from",
               })
               .check(demandOneOfOption("binding", "namespace-id"))
               .option("env", {
                 type: "string",
+                requiresArg: true,
                 describe: "Perform on a specific environment",
+                alias: "e",
               })
               .option("preview", {
                 type: "boolean",
                 describe: "Interact with a preview namespace",
+              })
+              .option("force", {
+                type: "boolean",
+                alias: "f",
+                describe: "Do not ask for confirmation before deleting",
               });
           },
           async ({ filename, ...args }) => {
-            const namespaceId = getNamespaceId(args);
-            const config = args.config as Config;
-            const content = await readFile(filename, "utf-8");
-            let parsedContent;
-            try {
-              parsedContent = JSON.parse(content);
-            } catch (err) {
-              throw new Error(
-                `Could not parse json from ${filename}.\n${err.message ?? err}`
-              );
-            }
+            await printWranglerBanner();
+            const config = readConfig(args.config as ConfigPath, args);
+            const namespaceId = getKVNamespaceId(args, config);
 
-            if (args.local) {
-              const { Miniflare } = await import("miniflare");
-              const mf = new Miniflare({
-                kvPersist: (args.kvPersist as string) || true,
-                // TODO: these options shouldn't be required
-                script: ` `, // has to be a string with at least one char
-              });
-              const ns = await mf.getKVNamespace(namespaceId);
-              for (const key of parsedContent) {
-                await ns.delete(key);
-              }
-            } else {
-              // -- snip, extract --
-              const loggedIn = await loginOrRefreshIfRequired();
-              if (!loggedIn) {
-                // didn't login, let's just quit
-                console.log("Did not login, quitting...");
+            if (!args.force) {
+              const result = await confirm(
+                `Are you sure you want to delete all the keys read from "${filename}" from kv-namespace with id "${namespaceId}"?`
+              );
+              if (!result) {
+                logger.log(`Not deleting keys read from "${filename}".`);
                 return;
               }
+            }
 
-              if (!config.account_id) {
-                config.account_id = await getAccountId();
-                if (!config.account_id) {
-                  throw new Error("No account id found, quitting...");
-                }
+            const content = parseJSON(
+              readFileSync(filename),
+              filename
+            ) as string[];
+
+            if (!Array.isArray(content)) {
+              throw new Error(
+                `Unexpected JSON input from "${filename}".\n` +
+                  `Expected an array of strings but got:\n${content}`
+              );
+            }
+
+            const errors: string[] = [];
+            for (let i = 0; i < content.length; i++) {
+              const key = content[i];
+              if (typeof key !== "string") {
+                errors.push(
+                  `The item at index ${i} is type: "${typeof key}" - ${JSON.stringify(
+                    key
+                  )}`
+                );
               }
-              // -- snip, end --
-
-              console.log(
-                await deleteBulkKeyValue(
-                  config.account_id,
-                  namespaceId,
-                  content
-                )
+            }
+            if (errors.length > 0) {
+              throw new Error(
+                `Unexpected JSON input from "${filename}".\n` +
+                  `Expected an array of strings.\n` +
+                  errors.join("\n")
               );
             }
+
+            const accountId = await requireAuth(config);
+
+            await deleteKVBulkKeyValue(accountId, namespaceId, content);
+
+            logger.log("Success!");
           }
         );
     }
   );
 
-  wrangler.command("pages", "⚡️ Configure Cloudflare Pages", pages);
+  wrangler.command(
+    "pages",
+    "⚡️ Configure Cloudflare Pages",
+    async (pagesYargs) => {
+      await pages(pagesYargs.command(subHelp).epilogue(pagesBetaWarning));
+    }
+  );
+
+  wrangler.command("r2", "📦 Interact with an R2 store", (r2Yargs) => {
+    return r2Yargs
+      .command(subHelp)
+      .command("bucket", "Manage R2 buckets", (r2BucketYargs) => {
+        r2BucketYargs.command(
+          "create <name>",
+          "Create a new R2 bucket",
+          (yargs) => {
+            return yargs.positional("name", {
+              describe: "The name of the new bucket",
+              type: "string",
+              demandOption: true,
+            });
+          },
+          async (args) => {
+            await printWranglerBanner();
+
+            const config = readConfig(args.config as ConfigPath, args);
 
-  wrangler
-    .option("config", {
-      alias: "c",
-      describe: "Path to .toml configuration file",
-      type: "string",
-      async coerce(arg) {
-        return await readConfig(arg);
-      },
-    })
-    .option("local", {
-      alias: "l",
-      describe: "Run on my machine",
-      type: "boolean",
-      default: false, // I bet this will a point of contention. We'll revisit it.
-    });
+            const accountId = await requireAuth(config);
+
+            logger.log(`Creating bucket ${args.name}.`);
+            await createR2Bucket(accountId, args.name);
+            logger.log(`Created bucket ${args.name}.`);
+          }
+        );
+
+        r2BucketYargs.command("list", "List R2 buckets", {}, async (args) => {
+          const config = readConfig(args.config as ConfigPath, args);
+
+          const accountId = await requireAuth(config);
+
+          logger.log(JSON.stringify(await listR2Buckets(accountId), null, 2));
+        });
+
+        r2BucketYargs.command(
+          "delete <name>",
+          "Delete an R2 bucket",
+          (yargs) => {
+            return yargs.positional("name", {
+              describe: "The name of the bucket to delete",
+              type: "string",
+              demandOption: true,
+            });
+          },
+          async (args) => {
+            await printWranglerBanner();
+
+            const config = readConfig(args.config as ConfigPath, args);
+
+            const accountId = await requireAuth(config);
+
+            logger.log(`Deleting bucket ${args.name}.`);
+            await deleteR2Bucket(accountId, args.name);
+            logger.log(`Deleted bucket ${args.name}.`);
+          }
+        );
+        return r2BucketYargs;
+      });
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * User Group: login, logout, and whoami
+   * TODO: group commands into User group similar to .group() for flags in yargs
+   */
+  // login
+  wrangler.command(
+    // this needs scopes as an option?
+    "login",
+    "🔓 Login to Cloudflare",
+    (yargs) => {
+      // TODO: This needs some copy editing
+      // I mean, this entire app does, but this too.
+      return yargs
+        .option("scopes-list", {
+          describe: "List all the available OAuth scopes with descriptions",
+        })
+        .option("scopes", {
+          describe: "Pick the set of applicable OAuth scopes when logging in",
+          array: true,
+          type: "string",
+          requiresArg: true,
+        });
+
+      // TODO: scopes
+    },
+    async (args) => {
+      await printWranglerBanner();
+      if (args["scopes-list"]) {
+        listScopes();
+        return;
+      }
+      if (args.scopes) {
+        if (args.scopes.length === 0) {
+          // don't allow no scopes to be passed, that would be weird
+          listScopes();
+          return;
+        }
+        if (!validateScopeKeys(args.scopes)) {
+          throw new CommandLineArgsError(
+            `One of ${args.scopes} is not a valid authentication scope. Run "wrangler login --list-scopes" to see the valid scopes.`
+          );
+        }
+        await login({ scopes: args.scopes });
+        return;
+      }
+      await login();
+
+      // TODO: would be nice if it optionally saved login
+      // credentials inside node_modules/.cache or something
+      // this way you could have multiple users on a single machine
+    }
+  );
+
+  // logout
+  wrangler.command(
+    // this needs scopes as an option?
+    "logout",
+    "🚪 Logout from Cloudflare",
+    () => {},
+    async () => {
+      await printWranglerBanner();
+      await logout();
+    }
+  );
+
+  // whoami
+  wrangler.command(
+    "whoami",
+    "🕵️  Retrieve your user info and test your auth config",
+    () => {},
+    async () => {
+      await printWranglerBanner();
+      await whoami();
+    }
+  );
+
+  wrangler.option("config", {
+    alias: "c",
+    describe: "Path to .toml configuration file",
+    type: "string",
+    requiresArg: true,
+  });
 
   wrangler.group(["config", "help", "version"], "Flags:");
   wrangler.help().alias("h", "help");
   wrangler.version(wranglerVersion).alias("v", "version");
   wrangler.exitProcess(false);
 
-  await initialiseUserConfig();
+  return wrangler;
+}
 
+export async function main(argv: string[]): Promise<void> {
+  const wrangler = createCLIParser(argv);
   try {
     await wrangler.parse();
   } catch (e) {
+    logger.log(""); // Just adds a bit of space
     if (e instanceof CommandLineArgsError) {
-      wrangler.showHelp("error");
-      console.error(""); // Just adds a bit of space
-      console.error(e.message);
+      logger.error(e.message);
+      // We are not able to ask the `wrangler` CLI parser to show help for a subcommand programmatically.
+      // The workaround is to re-run the parsing with an additional `--help` flag, which will result in the correct help message being displayed.
+      // The `wrangler` object is "frozen"; we cannot reuse that with different args, so we must create a new CLI parser to generate the help message.
+      await createCLIParser([...argv, "--help"]).parse();
+    } else if (e instanceof ParseError) {
+      e.notes.push({
+        text: "\nIf you think this is a bug, please open an issue at: https://github.com/cloudflare/wrangler2/issues/new/choose",
+      });
+      logger.log(formatMessage(e));
     } else {
-      console.error(e.message);
-      console.error(""); // Just adds a bit of space
-      console.error(
+      logger.error(e instanceof Error ? e.message : e);
+      logger.log(
         `${fgGreenColor}%s${resetColor}`,
-        "If you think this is a bug then please create an issue at https://github.com/cloudflare/wrangler2/issues/new."
+        "If you think this is a bug then please create an issue at https://github.com/cloudflare/wrangler2/issues/new/choose"
       );
     }
     throw e;
   }
 }
+
+function getDevCompatibilityDate(
+  config: Config,
+  compatibilityDate = config.compatibility_date
+) {
+  const currentDate = new Date().toISOString().substring(0, 10);
+  if (config.configPath !== undefined && compatibilityDate === undefined) {
+    logger.warn(
+      `No compatibility_date was specified. Using today's date: ${currentDate}.\n` +
+        "Add one to your wrangler.toml file:\n" +
+        "```\n" +
+        `compatibility_date = "${currentDate}"\n` +
+        "```\n" +
+        "or pass it in your terminal:\n" +
+        "```\n" +
+        `--compatibility-date=${currentDate}\n` +
+        "```\n" +
+        "See https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/platform/compatibility-dates for more information."
+    );
+  }
+  return compatibilityDate ?? currentDate;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Avoiding calling `getPort()` multiple times by memoizing the first result.
+ */
+function memoizeGetPort(defaultPort: number) {
+  let portValue: number;
+  return async () => {
+    return portValue || (portValue = await getPort({ port: defaultPort }));
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find the path to the given `basename` file from the `cwd`.
+ *
+ * If `isolatedInit` is true then we only look in the `cwd` directory for the file.
+ * Otherwise we also search up the tree.
+ */
+async function findPath(
+  isolatedInit: boolean,
+  cwd: string,
+  basename: string
+): Promise<string | undefined> {
+  if (isolatedInit) {
+    return fs.existsSync(path.resolve(cwd, basename))
+      ? path.resolve(cwd, basename)
+      : undefined;
+  } else {
+    return await findUp(basename, {
+      cwd: cwd,
+    });
+  }
+}