wrangler 0.0.0-e1c615f → 0.0.0-e3a458e

package/src/__tests__/configuration.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,2598 @@
+import path from "node:path";
+import { normalizeAndValidateConfig } from "../config/validation";
+import type { RawConfig, RawEnvironment } from "../config";
+
+describe("normalizeAndValidateConfig()", () => {
+  it("should use defaults for empty configuration", () => {
+    const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig({}, undefined);
+
+    expect(config).toEqual({
+      account_id: undefined,
+      build: {
+        command: undefined,
+        cwd: undefined,
+        watch_dir: undefined,
+      },
+      compatibility_date: undefined,
+      compatibility_flags: [],
+      configPath: undefined,
+      dev: {
+        ip: "localhost",
+        local_protocol: "http",
+        port: 8787,
+        upstream_protocol: "https",
+        host: undefined,
+      },
+      durable_objects: {
+        bindings: [],
+      },
+      env: {},
+      jsx_factory: "React.createElement",
+      jsx_fragment: "React.Fragment",
+      kv_namespaces: [],
+      legacy_env: true,
+      main: undefined,
+      migrations: [],
+      name: undefined,
+      r2_buckets: [],
+      route: undefined,
+      routes: undefined,
+      rules: [],
+      site: undefined,
+      text_blobs: undefined,
+      triggers: {
+        crons: [],
+      },
+      unsafe: {
+        bindings: [],
+      },
+      usage_model: undefined,
+      vars: {},
+      wasm_modules: undefined,
+      workers_dev: true,
+      zone_id: undefined,
+    });
+    expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+    expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  describe("top-level non-environment configuration", () => {
+    it("should override config defaults with provided values", () => {
+      const main = "src/index.ts";
+      const expectedConfig: RawConfig = {
+        main,
+        legacy_env: true,
+        dev: {
+          ip: "255.255.255.255",
+          port: 9999,
+          local_protocol: "https",
+          upstream_protocol: "http",
+        },
+        build: {
+          command: "COMMAND",
+          cwd: "CWD",
+          watch_dir: "WATCH_DIR",
+        },
+      };
+
+      const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+        expectedConfig,
+        undefined
+      );
+
+      const resolvedMain = path.resolve(process.cwd(), main);
+      expect(config).toEqual(
+        expect.objectContaining({ ...expectedConfig, main: resolvedMain })
+      );
+      expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+      expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it("should error on invalid top level fields", () => {
+      const expectedConfig = {
+        main: 111,
+        legacy_env: "FOO",
+        dev: {
+          ip: 222,
+          port: "FOO",
+          local_protocol: "wss",
+          upstream_protocol: "ws",
+        },
+        build: {
+          command: 555,
+          cwd: 666,
+          watch_dir: 777,
+        },
+      };
+
+      const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+        expectedConfig as unknown as RawConfig,
+        undefined
+      );
+
+      expect(config).toEqual(
+        expect.objectContaining({ ...expectedConfig, main: undefined })
+      );
+      expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+      expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        "Processing wrangler configuration:
+          - Expected \\"build.command\\" to be of type string but got 555.
+          - Expected \\"build.cwd\\" to be of type string but got 666.
+          - Expected \\"build.watch_dir\\" to be of type string but got 777.
+          - Expected \\"legacy_env\\" to be of type boolean but got \\"FOO\\".
+          - Expected \\"main\\" to be a string but got 111
+          - Expected \\"dev.ip\\" to be of type string but got 222.
+          - Expected \\"dev.port\\" to be of type number but got \\"FOO\\".
+          - Expected \\"dev.local_protocol\\" field to be one of [\\"http\\",\\"https\\"] but got \\"wss\\".
+          - Expected \\"dev.upstream_protocol\\" field to be one of [\\"http\\",\\"https\\"] but got \\"ws\\"."
+      `);
+    });
+
+    it("should warn on and remove unexpected top level fields", () => {
+      const expectedConfig = {
+        unexpected: {
+          subkey: "some-value",
+        },
+      };
+
+      const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+        expectedConfig as unknown as RawConfig,
+        undefined
+      );
+
+      expect("unexpected" in config).toBe(false);
+      expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+      expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        "Processing wrangler configuration:
+          - Unexpected fields found in top-level field: \\"unexpected\\""
+      `);
+    });
+
+    it("should ignore `miniflare` top level fields", () => {
+      const expectedConfig = {
+        miniflare: {
+          host: "localhost",
+        },
+      };
+
+      const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+        expectedConfig as unknown as RawConfig,
+        undefined
+      );
+
+      expect("miniflare" in config).toBe(false);
+      expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+      expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        "Processing wrangler configuration:
+        "
+      `);
+    });
+
+    it("should override build.upload config defaults with provided values and warn about deprecations", () => {
+      const expectedConfig: RawConfig = {
+        build: {
+          upload: {
+            dir: "src",
+            format: "modules",
+            main: "index.ts",
+            rules: [{ type: "Text", globs: ["GLOB"], fallthrough: true }],
+          },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+        expectedConfig,
+        path.resolve("project/wrangler.toml")
+      );
+
+      expect(config.main).toEqual(path.resolve("project/src/index.ts"));
+      expect(config.build.upload).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+      expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(true);
+      expect(normalizePath(diagnostics.renderWarnings()))
+        .toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        "Processing project/wrangler.toml configuration:
+          - DEPRECATION: \\"build.upload.format\\":
+            The format is inferred automatically from the code.
+          - DEPRECATION: \\"build.upload.main\\":
+            Delete the \`build.upload.main\` and \`build.upload.dir\` fields.
+            Then add the top level \`main\` field to your configuration file:
+            \`\`\`
+            main = \\"src/index.ts\\"
+            \`\`\`
+          - DEPRECATION: \\"build.upload.dir\\":
+            Use the top level \\"main\\" field or a command-line argument to specify the entry-point for the Worker.
+          - DEPRECATION: The \`build.upload.rules\` config field is no longer used, the rules should be specified via the \`rules\` config field. Delete the \`build.upload\` field from the configuration file, and add this:
+            \`\`\`
+            [[rules]]
+            type = \\"Text\\"
+            globs = [ \\"GLOB\\" ]
+            fallthrough = true
+            \`\`\`"
+      `);
+    });
+
+    it("should default custom build watch directories to src", () => {
+      const expectedConfig: RawConfig = {
+        build: {
+          command: "execute some --build",
+        },
+      };
+
+      const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+        expectedConfig,
+        undefined
+      );
+
+      expect(config.build).toEqual(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          command: "execute some --build",
+          watch_dir: "./src",
+        })
+      );
+
+      expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+      expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it("should resolve custom build watch directories relative to wrangler.toml", async () => {
+      const expectedConfig: RawConfig = {
+        build: {
+          command: "execute some --build",
+          watch_dir: "some/path",
+        },
+      };
+
+      const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+        expectedConfig,
+        "project/wrangler.toml"
+      );
+
+      expect(config.build).toEqual(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          command: "execute some --build",
+          watch_dir: path.normalize("project/some/path"),
+        })
+      );
+
+      expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+      expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it("should override `migrations` config defaults with provided values", () => {
+      const expectedConfig: RawConfig = {
+        migrations: [
+          {
+            tag: "TAG",
+            new_classes: ["CLASS_1", "CLASS_2"],
+            renamed_classes: [
+              {
+                from: "FROM_CLASS",
+                to: "TO_CLASS",
+              },
+            ],
+            deleted_classes: ["CLASS_3", "CLASS_4"],
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+        expectedConfig,
+        undefined
+      );
+
+      expect(config).toEqual(expect.objectContaining(expectedConfig));
+      expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+      expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it("should error on invalid `migrations` values", () => {
+      const expectedConfig = {
+        migrations: [
+          {
+            tag: 111,
+            new_classes: [222, 333],
+            renamed_classes: [
+              {
+                from: 444,
+                to: 555,
+              },
+            ],
+            deleted_classes: [666, 777],
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+
+      const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+        expectedConfig as unknown as RawConfig,
+        undefined
+      );
+
+      expect(config).toEqual(expect.objectContaining(expectedConfig));
+      expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+      expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        "Processing wrangler configuration:
+          - Expected \\"migrations[0].tag\\" to be of type string but got 111.
+          - Expected \\"migrations[0].new_classes.[0]\\" to be of type string but got 222.
+          - Expected \\"migrations[0].new_classes.[1]\\" to be of type string but got 333.
+          - Expected \\"migrations[0].renamed_classes\\" to be an array of \\"{from: string, to: string}\\" objects but got [{\\"from\\":444,\\"to\\":555}].
+          - Expected \\"migrations[0].deleted_classes.[0]\\" to be of type string but got 666.
+          - Expected \\"migrations[0].deleted_classes.[1]\\" to be of type string but got 777."
+      `);
+    });
+
+    describe("site", () => {
+      it("should override `site` config defaults with provided values", () => {
+        const expectedConfig: RawConfig = {
+          site: {
+            bucket: "BUCKET",
+            include: ["INCLUDE_1", "INCLUDE_2"],
+            exclude: ["EXCLUDE_1", "EXCLUDE_2"],
+          },
+        };
+
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          expectedConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(expect.objectContaining(expectedConfig));
+        expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if `site` config is missing `bucket`", () => {
+        const expectedConfig: RawConfig = {
+          // @ts-expect-error we're intentionally passing an invalid configuration here
+          site: {
+            include: ["INCLUDE_1", "INCLUDE_2"],
+            exclude: ["EXCLUDE_1", "EXCLUDE_2"],
+          },
+        };
+
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          expectedConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(expect.objectContaining(expectedConfig));
+        expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(true);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+            - \\"site.bucket\\" is a required field."
+        `);
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+      });
+
+      it("should error on invalid `site` values", () => {
+        const expectedConfig = {
+          site: {
+            bucket: "BUCKET",
+            include: [222, 333],
+            exclude: [444, 555],
+          },
+        };
+
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          expectedConfig as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(expect.objectContaining(expectedConfig));
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+            - Expected \\"sites.include.[0]\\" to be of type string but got 222.
+            - Expected \\"sites.include.[1]\\" to be of type string but got 333.
+            - Expected \\"sites.exclude.[0]\\" to be of type string but got 444.
+            - Expected \\"sites.exclude.[1]\\" to be of type string but got 555."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error with a deprecation warning if entry-point is defined", async () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          {
+            site: {
+              bucket: "some/path",
+              "entry-point": "some/other/script.js",
+            },
+          } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.site).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          Object {
+            "bucket": "some/path",
+            "exclude": Array [],
+            "include": Array [],
+          }
+        `);
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(true);
+        expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(true);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+            - Unexpected fields found in site field: \\"entry-point\\""
+        `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+            - DEPRECATION: \\"site.entry-point\\":
+              The \`site.entry-point\` config field is no longer used.
+              The entry-point should be specified via the command line or the \`main\` config field."
+        `);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it("should map `wasm_module` paths from relative to the config path to relative to the cwd", () => {
+      const expectedConfig: RawConfig = {
+        wasm_modules: {
+          MODULE_1: "path/to/module_1.mjs",
+          MODULE_2: "module_2.mjs",
+        },
+      };
+
+      const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+        expectedConfig,
+        "project/wrangler.toml"
+      );
+
+      expect(config).toEqual(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          wasm_modules: {
+            MODULE_1: path.normalize("project/path/to/module_1.mjs"),
+            MODULE_2: path.normalize("project/module_2.mjs"),
+          },
+        })
+      );
+      expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+      expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it("should error on invalid `wasm_module` paths", () => {
+      const expectedConfig = {
+        wasm_modules: {
+          MODULE_1: 111,
+          MODULE_2: 222,
+        },
+      };
+
+      const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+        expectedConfig as unknown as RawConfig,
+        "project/wrangler.toml"
+      );
+
+      expect(config).toEqual(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          wasm_modules: {},
+        })
+      );
+      expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+      expect(normalizePath(diagnostics.renderErrors())).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing project/wrangler.toml configuration:
+            - Expected \\"wasm_modules['MODULE_1']\\" field to be a string but got 111.
+            - Expected \\"wasm_modules['MODULE_2']\\" field to be a string but got 222."
+        `);
+    });
+
+    it("should map `text_blobs` paths from relative to the config path to relative to the cwd", () => {
+      const expectedConfig: RawConfig = {
+        text_blobs: {
+          BLOB_1: "path/to/text1.txt",
+          BLOB_2: "text2.md",
+        },
+      };
+
+      const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+        expectedConfig,
+        "project/wrangler.toml"
+      );
+
+      expect(config).toEqual(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          text_blobs: {
+            BLOB_1: path.normalize("project/path/to/text1.txt"),
+            BLOB_2: path.normalize("project/text2.md"),
+          },
+        })
+      );
+      expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+      expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it("should error on invalid `text_blob` paths", () => {
+      const expectedConfig = {
+        text_blobs: {
+          MODULE_1: 111,
+          MODULE_2: 222,
+        },
+      };
+
+      const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+        expectedConfig as unknown as RawConfig,
+        "project/wrangler.toml"
+      );
+
+      expect(config).toEqual(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          text_blobs: {},
+        })
+      );
+      expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+      expect(normalizePath(diagnostics.renderErrors())).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing project/wrangler.toml configuration:
+            - Expected \\"text_blobs['MODULE_1']\\" field to be a string but got 111.
+            - Expected \\"text_blobs['MODULE_2']\\" field to be a string but got 222."
+        `);
+    });
+
+    describe("(deprecated)", () => {
+      it("should remove and warn about deprecated properties", () => {
+        const rawConfig: RawConfig = {
+          type: "webpack",
+          webpack_config: "CONFIG",
+        };
+
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          rawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        // Note the `.not.` here...
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            type: expect.anything(),
+            webpack_config: expect.anything(),
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(true);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+            "Processing wrangler configuration:
+              - DEPRECATION: \\"type\\":
+                DO NOT USE THIS. Most common features now work out of the box with wrangler, including modules, jsx, typescript, etc. If you need anything more, use a custom build.
+              - DEPRECATION: \\"webpack_config\\":
+                DO NOT USE THIS. Most common features now work out of the box with wrangler, including modules, jsx, typescript, etc. If you need anything more, use a custom build."
+          `);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("top-level environment configuration", () => {
+    it("should override config defaults with provided values", () => {
+      const expectedConfig: RawConfig = {
+        name: "NAME",
+        account_id: "ACCOUNT_ID",
+        compatibility_date: "2022-01-01",
+        compatibility_flags: ["FLAG1", "FLAG2"],
+        workers_dev: false,
+        routes: ["ROUTE_1", "ROUTE_2"],
+        jsx_factory: "JSX_FACTORY",
+        jsx_fragment: "JSX_FRAGMENT",
+        triggers: { crons: ["CRON_1", "CRON_2"] },
+        usage_model: "bundled",
+        vars: {
+          VAR1: "VALUE_1",
+          VAR2: "VALUE_2",
+        },
+        durable_objects: {
+          bindings: [
+            { name: "DO_BINDING_1", class_name: "CLASS1" },
+            {
+              name: "DO_BINDING_2",
+              class_name: "CLASS2",
+              script_name: "SCRIPT2",
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+        kv_namespaces: [
+          { binding: "KV_BINDING_1", id: "KV_ID_1" },
+          {
+            binding: "KV_BINDING_2",
+            id: "KV_ID_2",
+            preview_id: "KV_PREVIEW_1",
+          },
+        ],
+        r2_buckets: [
+          { binding: "R2_BINDING_1", bucket_name: "R2_BUCKET_1" },
+          {
+            binding: "R2_BINDING_2",
+            bucket_name: "R2_BUCKET_2",
+            preview_bucket_name: "R2_PREVIEW_2",
+          },
+        ],
+        unsafe: {
+          bindings: [
+            { name: "UNSAFE_BINDING_1", type: "UNSAFE_TYPE_1" },
+            {
+              name: "UNSAFE_BINDING_2",
+              type: "UNSAFE_TYPE_2",
+              extra: "UNSAFE_EXTRA_1",
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+      };
+
+      const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+        expectedConfig,
+        undefined
+      );
+
+      expect(config).toEqual(expect.objectContaining(expectedConfig));
+      expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+      expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+            - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+        `);
+    });
+
+    it("should error on invalid environment values", () => {
+      const expectedConfig: RawConfig = {
+        name: 111,
+        account_id: 222,
+        compatibility_date: 333,
+        compatibility_flags: [444, 555],
+        workers_dev: "BAD",
+        routes: [666, 777],
+        route: 888,
+        jsx_factory: 999,
+        jsx_fragment: 1000,
+        triggers: { crons: [1111, 1222] },
+        usage_model: "INVALID",
+      } as unknown as RawConfig;
+
+      const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+        expectedConfig,
+        undefined
+      );
+
+      expect(config).toEqual(expect.objectContaining(expectedConfig));
+      expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+      expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        "Processing wrangler configuration:
+          - Expected \\"route\\" field to be a string but got 888.
+          - Expected \\"routes\\" field to be an array of strings but got [666,777].
+          - Expected exactly one of [\\"routes\\",\\"route\\"].
+          - Expected \\"workers_dev\\" field to be a boolean but got \\"BAD\\".
+          - Expected \\"account_id\\" field to be a string but got 222.
+          - Expected \\"compatibility_date\\" field to be a string but got 333.
+          - Expected \\"compatibility_flags\\" field to be an array of strings but got [444,555].
+          - Expected \\"jsx_factory\\" field to be a string but got 999.
+          - Expected \\"jsx_fragment\\" field to be a string but got 1000.
+          - Expected \\"name\\" field to be a string but got 111.
+          - Expected \\"usage_model\\" field to be one of [\\"bundled\\",\\"unbound\\"] but got \\"INVALID\\"."
+      `);
+    });
+
+    describe("durable_objects field", () => {
+      it("should error if durable_objects is an array", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { durable_objects: [] } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ durable_objects: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"durable_objects\\" should be an object but got []."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if durable_objects is a string", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { durable_objects: "BAD" } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ durable_objects: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"durable_objects\\" should be an object but got \\"BAD\\"."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if durable_objects is a number", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { durable_objects: 999 } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ durable_objects: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"durable_objects\\" should be an object but got 999."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if durable_objects is null", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { durable_objects: null } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ durable_objects: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"durable_objects\\" should be an object but got null."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if durable_objects.bindings is not defined", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { durable_objects: {} } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ durable_objects: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"durable_objects\\" is missing the required \\"bindings\\" property."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if durable_objects.bindings is an object", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { durable_objects: { bindings: {} } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            durable_objects: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"durable_objects.bindings\\" should be an array but got {}."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if durable_objects.bindings is a string", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { durable_objects: { bindings: "BAD" } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            durable_objects: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"durable_objects.bindings\\" should be an array but got \\"BAD\\"."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if durable_objects.bindings is a number", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { durable_objects: { bindings: 999 } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            durable_objects: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"durable_objects.bindings\\" should be an array but got 999."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if durable_objects.bindings is null", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { durable_objects: { bindings: null } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            durable_objects: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"durable_objects.bindings\\" should be an array but got null."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if durable_objects.bindings are not valid", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          {
+            durable_objects: {
+              bindings: [
+                {},
+                { name: "VALID" },
+                { name: 1555, class_name: 1666 },
+                {
+                  name: 1777,
+                  class_name: 1888,
+                  script_name: 1999,
+                },
+              ],
+            },
+          } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            durable_objects: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"durable_objects.bindings[0]\\": {}
+              - binding should have a string \\"name\\" field.
+              - binding should have a string \\"class_name\\" field.
+
+            - \\"durable_objects.bindings[1]\\": {\\"name\\":\\"VALID\\"}
+              - binding should have a string \\"class_name\\" field.
+
+            - \\"durable_objects.bindings[2]\\": {\\"name\\":1555,\\"class_name\\":1666}
+              - binding should have a string \\"name\\" field.
+              - binding should have a string \\"class_name\\" field.
+
+            - \\"durable_objects.bindings[3]\\": {\\"name\\":1777,\\"class_name\\":1888,\\"script_name\\":1999}
+              - binding should have a string \\"name\\" field.
+              - binding should have a string \\"class_name\\" field.
+              - binding should, optionally, have a string \\"script_name\\" field."
+        `);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("kv_namespaces field", () => {
+      it("should error if kv_namespaces is an object", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { kv_namespaces: {} } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ kv_namespaces: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"kv_namespaces\\" should be an array but got {}."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if kv_namespaces is a string", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { kv_namespaces: "BAD" } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ kv_namespaces: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"kv_namespaces\\" should be an array but got \\"BAD\\"."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if kv_namespaces is a number", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { kv_namespaces: 999 } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ kv_namespaces: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"kv_namespaces\\" should be an array but got 999."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if kv_namespaces is null", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { kv_namespaces: null } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ kv_namespaces: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"kv_namespaces\\" should be an array but got null."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if kv_namespaces.bindings are not valid", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          {
+            kv_namespaces: [
+              {},
+              { binding: "VALID" },
+              { binding: 2000, id: 2111 },
+              {
+                binding: "KV_BINDING_2",
+                id: "KV_ID_2",
+                preview_id: 2222,
+              },
+            ],
+          } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            kv_namespaces: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+            - \\"kv_namespaces[0]\\" bindings should have a string \\"binding\\" field but got {}.
+            - \\"kv_namespaces[0]\\" bindings should have a string \\"id\\" field but got {}.
+            - \\"kv_namespaces[1]\\" bindings should have a string \\"id\\" field but got {\\"binding\\":\\"VALID\\"}.
+            - \\"kv_namespaces[2]\\" bindings should have a string \\"binding\\" field but got {\\"binding\\":2000,\\"id\\":2111}.
+            - \\"kv_namespaces[2]\\" bindings should have a string \\"id\\" field but got {\\"binding\\":2000,\\"id\\":2111}.
+            - \\"kv_namespaces[3]\\" bindings should, optionally, have a string \\"preview_id\\" field but got {\\"binding\\":\\"KV_BINDING_2\\",\\"id\\":\\"KV_ID_2\\",\\"preview_id\\":2222}."
+        `);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("r2_buckets field", () => {
+      it("should error if r2_buckets is an object", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { r2_buckets: {} } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ r2_buckets: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"r2_buckets\\" should be an array but got {}."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if r2_buckets is a string", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { r2_buckets: "BAD" } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ r2_buckets: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"r2_buckets\\" should be an array but got \\"BAD\\"."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if r2_buckets is a number", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { r2_buckets: 999 } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ r2_buckets: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"r2_buckets\\" should be an array but got 999."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if r2_buckets is null", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { r2_buckets: null } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ r2_buckets: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"r2_buckets\\" should be an array but got null."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if r2_buckets.bindings are not valid", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          {
+            r2_buckets: [
+              {},
+              { binding: "R2_BINDING_1" },
+              { binding: 2333, bucket_name: 2444 },
+              {
+                binding: "R2_BINDING_2",
+                bucket_name: "R2_BUCKET_2",
+                preview_bucket_name: 2555,
+              },
+            ],
+          } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            r2_buckets: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+            - \\"r2_buckets[0]\\" bindings should have a string \\"binding\\" field but got {}.
+            - \\"r2_buckets[0]\\" bindings should have a string \\"bucket_name\\" field but got {}.
+            - \\"r2_buckets[1]\\" bindings should have a string \\"bucket_name\\" field but got {\\"binding\\":\\"R2_BINDING_1\\"}.
+            - \\"r2_buckets[2]\\" bindings should have a string \\"binding\\" field but got {\\"binding\\":2333,\\"bucket_name\\":2444}.
+            - \\"r2_buckets[2]\\" bindings should have a string \\"bucket_name\\" field but got {\\"binding\\":2333,\\"bucket_name\\":2444}.
+            - \\"r2_buckets[3]\\" bindings should, optionally, have a string \\"preview_bucket_name\\" field but got {\\"binding\\":\\"R2_BINDING_2\\",\\"bucket_name\\":\\"R2_BUCKET_2\\",\\"preview_bucket_name\\":2555}."
+        `);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("unsafe field", () => {
+      it("should error if unsafe is an array", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { unsafe: [] } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ unsafe: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+              `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"unsafe\\" should be an object but got []."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if unsafe is a string", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { unsafe: "BAD" } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ unsafe: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+              `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"unsafe\\" should be an object but got \\"BAD\\"."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if unsafe is a number", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { unsafe: 999 } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ unsafe: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+              `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"unsafe\\" should be an object but got 999."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if unsafe is null", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { unsafe: null } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ unsafe: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+              `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"unsafe\\" should be an object but got null."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if unsafe.bindings is not defined", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { unsafe: {} } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ unsafe: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+              `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"unsafe\\" is missing the required \\"bindings\\" property."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if unsafe.bindings is an object", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { unsafe: { bindings: {} } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            unsafe: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+              `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"unsafe.bindings\\" should be an array but got {}."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if unsafe.bindings is a string", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { unsafe: { bindings: "BAD" } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            unsafe: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+              `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"unsafe.bindings\\" should be an array but got \\"BAD\\"."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if unsafe.bindings is a number", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { unsafe: { bindings: 999 } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            unsafe: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+              `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"unsafe.bindings\\" should be an array but got 999."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if unsafe.bindings is null", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { unsafe: { bindings: null } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            unsafe: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+              `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - The field \\"unsafe.bindings\\" should be an array but got null."
+              `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if durable_objects.bindings are not valid", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          {
+            unsafe: {
+              bindings: [
+                {},
+                { name: "UNSAFE_BINDING_1" },
+                { name: 2666, type: 2777 },
+                {
+                  name: "UNSAFE_BINDING_2",
+                  type: "UNSAFE_TYPE_2",
+                  extra: 2888,
+                },
+              ],
+            },
+          } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            durable_objects: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+                  "Processing wrangler configuration:
+                    - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+              `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"unsafe.bindings[0]\\": {}
+              - binding should have a string \\"name\\" field.
+              - binding should have a string \\"type\\" field.
+
+            - \\"unsafe.bindings[1]\\": {\\"name\\":\\"UNSAFE_BINDING_1\\"}
+              - binding should have a string \\"type\\" field.
+
+            - \\"unsafe.bindings[2]\\": {\\"name\\":2666,\\"type\\":2777}
+              - binding should have a string \\"name\\" field.
+              - binding should have a string \\"type\\" field."
+        `);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("(deprecated)", () => {
+      it("should remove and warn about deprecated properties", () => {
+        const rawConfig: RawConfig = {
+          zone_id: "ZONE_ID",
+          experimental_services: [
+            {
+              name: "NAME",
+              service: "SERVICE",
+              environment: "ENV",
+            },
+          ],
+        };
+
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          rawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect("experimental_services" in config).toBe(false);
+        // Zone is not removed yet, since `route` commands might use it
+        expect(config.zone_id).toEqual("ZONE_ID");
+        expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(true);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+            "Processing wrangler configuration:
+              - DEPRECATION: \\"zone_id\\":
+                This is unnecessary since we can deduce this from routes directly.
+              - DEPRECATION: \\"experimental_services\\":
+                The \\"experimental_services\\" field is no longer supported. Instead, use [[unsafe.bindings]] to enable experimental features. Add this to your wrangler.toml:
+                \`\`\`
+                [[unsafe.bindings]]
+                name = \\"NAME\\"
+                type = \\"service\\"
+                service = \\"SERVICE\\"
+                environment = \\"ENV\\"
+                \`\`\`"
+          `);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("route & routes fields", () => {
+      it("should error if both route and routes are specified", () => {
+        const rawConfig: RawConfig = {
+          route: "route1",
+          routes: ["route2", "route3"],
+        };
+
+        const { diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          rawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+            - Expected exactly one of [\\"routes\\",\\"route\\"]."
+        `);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("named environments", () => {
+    it("should use top-level values for inheritable config fields", () => {
+      const expectedConfig: RawConfig = {
+        name: "NAME",
+        account_id: "ACCOUNT_ID",
+        compatibility_date: "2022-01-01",
+        compatibility_flags: ["FLAG1", "FLAG2"],
+        workers_dev: false,
+        routes: ["ROUTE_1", "ROUTE_2"],
+        jsx_factory: "JSX_FACTORY",
+        jsx_fragment: "JSX_FRAGMENT",
+        triggers: { crons: ["CRON_1", "CRON_2"] },
+        usage_model: "bundled",
+      };
+
+      const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+        { ...expectedConfig, env: { DEV: {} } },
+        undefined
+      );
+
+      expect(config.env.DEV).toEqual(expect.objectContaining(expectedConfig));
+      expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+      expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it("should override top-level values for inheritable config fields", () => {
+      const environment: RawEnvironment = {
+        name: "ENV_NAME",
+        account_id: "ENV_ACCOUNT_ID",
+        compatibility_date: "2022-02-02",
+        compatibility_flags: ["ENV_FLAG1", "ENV_FLAG2"],
+        workers_dev: true,
+        routes: ["ENV_ROUTE_1", "ENV_ROUTE_2"],
+        jsx_factory: "ENV_JSX_FACTORY",
+        jsx_fragment: "ENV_JSX_FRAGMENT",
+        triggers: { crons: ["ENV_CRON_1", "ENV_CRON_2"] },
+        usage_model: "unbound",
+      };
+      const expectedConfig: RawConfig = {
+        name: "NAME",
+        account_id: "ACCOUNT_ID",
+        compatibility_date: "2022-01-01",
+        compatibility_flags: ["FLAG1", "FLAG2"],
+        workers_dev: false,
+        routes: ["ROUTE_1", "ROUTE_2"],
+        jsx_factory: "JSX_FACTORY",
+        jsx_fragment: "JSX_FRAGMENT",
+        triggers: { crons: ["CRON_1", "CRON_2"] },
+        usage_model: "bundled",
+        env: {
+          ENV1: environment,
+        },
+      };
+
+      const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+        expectedConfig,
+        undefined
+      );
+
+      expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(expect.objectContaining(environment));
+      expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+      expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    describe("non-legacy", () => {
+      it("should use top-level `name` field", () => {
+        const rawConfig: RawConfig = {
+          name: "NAME",
+          legacy_env: false,
+          env: { DEV: {} },
+        };
+
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          rawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.DEV.name).toEqual("NAME");
+        expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if named environment contains a `name` field, even if there is no top-level name", () => {
+        const rawConfig: RawConfig = {
+          legacy_env: false,
+          env: {
+            DEV: {
+              name: "ENV_NAME",
+            },
+          },
+        };
+
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          rawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.DEV.name).toBeUndefined();
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.DEV\\" environment configuration
+              - The \\"name\\" field is not allowed in named service environments.
+                Please remove the field from this environment."
+        `);
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if top-level config and a named environment both contain a `name` field", () => {
+        const rawConfig: RawConfig = {
+          name: "NAME",
+          legacy_env: false,
+          env: {
+            DEV: {
+              name: "ENV_NAME",
+            },
+          },
+        };
+
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          rawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.DEV.name).toEqual("NAME");
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.DEV\\" environment configuration
+              - The \\"name\\" field is not allowed in named service environments.
+                Please remove the field from this environment."
+        `);
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it("should warn for non-inherited fields that are missing in environments", () => {
+      const vars: RawConfig["vars"] = {
+        FOO: "foo",
+      };
+      const durable_objects: RawConfig["durable_objects"] = {
+        bindings: [],
+      };
+      const kv_namespaces: RawConfig["kv_namespaces"] = [];
+      const r2_buckets: RawConfig["r2_buckets"] = [];
+      const unsafe: RawConfig["unsafe"] = { bindings: [] };
+      const rawConfig: RawConfig = {
+        vars,
+        durable_objects,
+        kv_namespaces,
+        r2_buckets,
+        unsafe,
+        env: {
+          ENV1: {},
+        },
+      };
+
+      const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+        rawConfig,
+        undefined
+      );
+
+      expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+        expect.not.objectContaining({
+          vars,
+          durable_objects,
+          kv_namespaces,
+          r2_buckets,
+          unsafe,
+        })
+      );
+      expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+      expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        "Processing wrangler configuration:
+          - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time.
+          - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+            - \\"vars\\" exists at the top level, but not on \\"env.ENV1\\".
+              This is not what you probably want, since \\"vars\\" is not inherited by environments.
+              Please add \\"vars\\" to \\"env.ENV1\\".
+            - \\"durable_objects\\" exists at the top level, but not on \\"env.ENV1\\".
+              This is not what you probably want, since \\"durable_objects\\" is not inherited by environments.
+              Please add \\"durable_objects\\" to \\"env.ENV1\\".
+            - \\"kv_namespaces\\" exists at the top level, but not on \\"env.ENV1\\".
+              This is not what you probably want, since \\"kv_namespaces\\" is not inherited by environments.
+              Please add \\"kv_namespaces\\" to \\"env.ENV1\\".
+            - \\"r2_buckets\\" exists at the top level, but not on \\"env.ENV1\\".
+              This is not what you probably want, since \\"r2_buckets\\" is not inherited by environments.
+              Please add \\"r2_buckets\\" to \\"env.ENV1\\".
+            - \\"unsafe\\" exists at the top level, but not on \\"env.ENV1\\".
+              This is not what you probably want, since \\"unsafe\\" is not inherited by environments.
+              Please add \\"unsafe\\" to \\"env.ENV1\\"."
+      `);
+    });
+
+    it("should error on invalid environment values", () => {
+      const expectedConfig: RawEnvironment = {
+        name: 111,
+        account_id: 222,
+        compatibility_date: 333,
+        compatibility_flags: [444, 555],
+        workers_dev: "BAD",
+        routes: [666, 777],
+        route: 888,
+        jsx_factory: 999,
+        jsx_fragment: 1000,
+        triggers: { crons: [1111, 1222] },
+        usage_model: "INVALID",
+      } as unknown as RawEnvironment;
+
+      const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+        { env: { ENV1: expectedConfig } },
+        undefined
+      );
+
+      expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(expect.objectContaining(expectedConfig));
+      expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+      expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+          - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+            - Expected \\"route\\" field to be a string but got 888.
+            - Expected \\"routes\\" field to be an array of strings but got [666,777].
+            - Expected exactly one of [\\"routes\\",\\"route\\"].
+            - Expected \\"workers_dev\\" field to be a boolean but got \\"BAD\\".
+            - Expected \\"account_id\\" field to be a string but got 222.
+            - Expected \\"compatibility_date\\" field to be a string but got 333.
+            - Expected \\"compatibility_flags\\" field to be an array of strings but got [444,555].
+            - Expected \\"jsx_factory\\" field to be a string but got 999.
+            - Expected \\"jsx_fragment\\" field to be a string but got 1000.
+            - Expected \\"name\\" field to be a string but got 111.
+            - Expected \\"usage_model\\" field to be one of [\\"bundled\\",\\"unbound\\"] but got \\"INVALID\\"."
+      `);
+    });
+
+    describe("durable_objects field", () => {
+      it("should error if durable_objects is an array", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { env: { ENV1: { durable_objects: [] } } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ durable_objects: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.durable_objects\\" should be an object but got []."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if durable_objects is a string", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { env: { ENV1: { durable_objects: "BAD" } } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ durable_objects: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.durable_objects\\" should be an object but got \\"BAD\\"."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if durable_objects is a number", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { env: { ENV1: { durable_objects: 999 } } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ durable_objects: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.durable_objects\\" should be an object but got 999."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if durable_objects is null", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { env: { ENV1: { durable_objects: null } } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ durable_objects: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.durable_objects\\" should be an object but got null."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if durable_objects.bindings is not defined", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { env: { ENV1: { durable_objects: {} } } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ durable_objects: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.durable_objects\\" is missing the required \\"bindings\\" property."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if durable_objects.bindings is an object", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          {
+            env: { ENV1: { durable_objects: { bindings: {} } } },
+          } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            durable_objects: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.durable_objects.bindings\\" should be an array but got {}."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if durable_objects.bindings is a string", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          {
+            env: { ENV1: { durable_objects: { bindings: "BAD" } } },
+          } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            durable_objects: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.durable_objects.bindings\\" should be an array but got \\"BAD\\"."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if durable_objects.bindings is a number", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          {
+            env: { ENV1: { durable_objects: { bindings: 999 } } },
+          } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            durable_objects: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.durable_objects.bindings\\" should be an array but got 999."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if durable_objects.bindings is null", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          {
+            env: { ENV1: { durable_objects: { bindings: null } } },
+          } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            durable_objects: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.durable_objects.bindings\\" should be an array but got null."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if durable_objects.bindings are not valid", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          {
+            env: {
+              ENV1: {
+                durable_objects: {
+                  bindings: [
+                    {},
+                    { name: "VALID" },
+                    { name: 1555, class_name: 1666 },
+                    {
+                      name: 1777,
+                      class_name: 1888,
+                      script_name: 1999,
+                    },
+                  ],
+                },
+              },
+            },
+          } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            durable_objects: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+
+              - \\"env.ENV1.durable_objects.bindings[0]\\": {}
+                - binding should have a string \\"name\\" field.
+                - binding should have a string \\"class_name\\" field.
+
+              - \\"env.ENV1.durable_objects.bindings[1]\\": {\\"name\\":\\"VALID\\"}
+                - binding should have a string \\"class_name\\" field.
+
+              - \\"env.ENV1.durable_objects.bindings[2]\\": {\\"name\\":1555,\\"class_name\\":1666}
+                - binding should have a string \\"name\\" field.
+                - binding should have a string \\"class_name\\" field.
+
+              - \\"env.ENV1.durable_objects.bindings[3]\\": {\\"name\\":1777,\\"class_name\\":1888,\\"script_name\\":1999}
+                - binding should have a string \\"name\\" field.
+                - binding should have a string \\"class_name\\" field.
+                - binding should, optionally, have a string \\"script_name\\" field."
+        `);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("kv_namespaces field", () => {
+      it("should error if kv_namespaces is an object", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { env: { ENV1: { kv_namespaces: {} } } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ kv_namespaces: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.kv_namespaces\\" should be an array but got {}."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if kv_namespaces is a string", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { env: { ENV1: { kv_namespaces: "BAD" } } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ kv_namespaces: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.kv_namespaces\\" should be an array but got \\"BAD\\"."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if kv_namespaces is a number", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { env: { ENV1: { kv_namespaces: 999 } } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ kv_namespaces: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.kv_namespaces\\" should be an array but got 999."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if kv_namespaces is null", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { env: { ENV1: { kv_namespaces: null } } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ kv_namespaces: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.kv_namespaces\\" should be an array but got null."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if kv_namespaces.bindings are not valid", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          {
+            env: {
+              ENV1: {
+                kv_namespaces: [
+                  {},
+                  { binding: "VALID" },
+                  { binding: 2000, id: 2111 },
+                  {
+                    binding: "KV_BINDING_2",
+                    id: "KV_ID_2",
+                    preview_id: 2222,
+                  },
+                ],
+              },
+            },
+          } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            kv_namespaces: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - \\"env.ENV1.kv_namespaces[0]\\" bindings should have a string \\"binding\\" field but got {}.
+              - \\"env.ENV1.kv_namespaces[0]\\" bindings should have a string \\"id\\" field but got {}.
+              - \\"env.ENV1.kv_namespaces[1]\\" bindings should have a string \\"id\\" field but got {\\"binding\\":\\"VALID\\"}.
+              - \\"env.ENV1.kv_namespaces[2]\\" bindings should have a string \\"binding\\" field but got {\\"binding\\":2000,\\"id\\":2111}.
+              - \\"env.ENV1.kv_namespaces[2]\\" bindings should have a string \\"id\\" field but got {\\"binding\\":2000,\\"id\\":2111}.
+              - \\"env.ENV1.kv_namespaces[3]\\" bindings should, optionally, have a string \\"preview_id\\" field but got {\\"binding\\":\\"KV_BINDING_2\\",\\"id\\":\\"KV_ID_2\\",\\"preview_id\\":2222}."
+        `);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("r2_buckets field", () => {
+      it("should error if r2_buckets is an object", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { env: { ENV1: { r2_buckets: {} } } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ r2_buckets: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.r2_buckets\\" should be an array but got {}."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if r2_buckets is a string", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { env: { ENV1: { r2_buckets: "BAD" } } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ r2_buckets: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.r2_buckets\\" should be an array but got \\"BAD\\"."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if r2_buckets is a number", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { env: { ENV1: { r2_buckets: 999 } } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ r2_buckets: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.r2_buckets\\" should be an array but got 999."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if r2_buckets is null", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { env: { ENV1: { r2_buckets: null } } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ r2_buckets: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.r2_buckets\\" should be an array but got null."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if r2_buckets.bindings are not valid", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          {
+            env: {
+              ENV1: {
+                r2_buckets: [
+                  {},
+                  { binding: "R2_BINDING_1" },
+                  { binding: 2333, bucket_name: 2444 },
+                  {
+                    binding: "R2_BINDING_2",
+                    bucket_name: "R2_BUCKET_2",
+                    preview_bucket_name: 2555,
+                  },
+                ],
+              },
+            },
+          } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            r2_buckets: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - \\"env.ENV1.r2_buckets[0]\\" bindings should have a string \\"binding\\" field but got {}.
+              - \\"env.ENV1.r2_buckets[0]\\" bindings should have a string \\"bucket_name\\" field but got {}.
+              - \\"env.ENV1.r2_buckets[1]\\" bindings should have a string \\"bucket_name\\" field but got {\\"binding\\":\\"R2_BINDING_1\\"}.
+              - \\"env.ENV1.r2_buckets[2]\\" bindings should have a string \\"binding\\" field but got {\\"binding\\":2333,\\"bucket_name\\":2444}.
+              - \\"env.ENV1.r2_buckets[2]\\" bindings should have a string \\"bucket_name\\" field but got {\\"binding\\":2333,\\"bucket_name\\":2444}.
+              - \\"env.ENV1.r2_buckets[3]\\" bindings should, optionally, have a string \\"preview_bucket_name\\" field but got {\\"binding\\":\\"R2_BINDING_2\\",\\"bucket_name\\":\\"R2_BUCKET_2\\",\\"preview_bucket_name\\":2555}."
+        `);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("unsafe field", () => {
+      it("should error if unsafe is an array", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { env: { ENV1: { unsafe: [] } } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ unsafe: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+        `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.unsafe\\" should be an object but got []."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if unsafe is a string", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { env: { ENV1: { unsafe: "BAD" } } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ unsafe: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+        `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.unsafe\\" should be an object but got \\"BAD\\"."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if unsafe is a number", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { env: { ENV1: { unsafe: 999 } } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ unsafe: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+        `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.unsafe\\" should be an object but got 999."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if unsafe is null", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { env: { ENV1: { unsafe: null } } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ unsafe: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+        `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.unsafe\\" should be an object but got null."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if unsafe.bindings is not defined", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          { env: { ENV1: { unsafe: {} } } } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({ unsafe: expect.anything })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+        `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.unsafe\\" is missing the required \\"bindings\\" property."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if unsafe.bindings is an object", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          {
+            env: { ENV1: { unsafe: { bindings: {} } } },
+          } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            unsafe: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+        `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.unsafe.bindings\\" should be an array but got {}."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if unsafe.bindings is a string", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          {
+            env: { ENV1: { unsafe: { bindings: "BAD" } } },
+          } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            unsafe: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+        `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.unsafe.bindings\\" should be an array but got \\"BAD\\"."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if unsafe.bindings is a number", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          {
+            env: { ENV1: { unsafe: { bindings: 999 } } },
+          } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            unsafe: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+        `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.unsafe.bindings\\" should be an array but got 999."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if unsafe.bindings is null", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          {
+            env: { ENV1: { unsafe: { bindings: null } } },
+          } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            unsafe: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+        `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - The field \\"env.ENV1.unsafe.bindings\\" should be an array but got null."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if unsafe.bindings are not valid", () => {
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          {
+            env: {
+              ENV1: {
+                unsafe: {
+                  bindings: [
+                    {},
+                    { name: "UNSAFE_BINDING_1" },
+                    { name: 2666, type: 2777 },
+                    {
+                      name: "UNSAFE_BINDING_2",
+                      type: "UNSAFE_TYPE_2",
+                      extra: 2888,
+                    },
+                  ],
+                },
+              },
+            },
+          } as unknown as RawConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(
+          expect.not.objectContaining({
+            durable_objects: { bindings: expect.anything },
+          })
+        );
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - \\"unsafe\\" fields are experimental and may change or break at any time."
+        `);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+
+              - \\"env.ENV1.unsafe.bindings[0]\\": {}
+                - binding should have a string \\"name\\" field.
+                - binding should have a string \\"type\\" field.
+
+              - \\"env.ENV1.unsafe.bindings[1]\\": {\\"name\\":\\"UNSAFE_BINDING_1\\"}
+                - binding should have a string \\"type\\" field.
+
+              - \\"env.ENV1.unsafe.bindings[2]\\": {\\"name\\":2666,\\"type\\":2777}
+                - binding should have a string \\"name\\" field.
+                - binding should have a string \\"type\\" field."
+        `);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("(deprecated)", () => {
+      it("should remove and warn about deprecated properties", () => {
+        const environment: RawEnvironment = {
+          zone_id: "ZONE_ID",
+          experimental_services: [
+            {
+              name: "NAME",
+              service: "SERVICE",
+              environment: "ENV",
+            },
+          ],
+        };
+
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          {
+            env: {
+              ENV1: environment,
+            },
+          },
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect("experimental_services" in config.env.ENV1).toBe(false);
+        // Zone is not removed yet, since `route` commands might use it
+        expect(config.env.ENV1.zone_id).toEqual("ZONE_ID");
+        expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(true);
+        expect(diagnostics.renderWarnings()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - DEPRECATION: \\"zone_id\\":
+                This is unnecessary since we can deduce this from routes directly.
+              - DEPRECATION: \\"experimental_services\\":
+                The \\"experimental_services\\" field is no longer supported. Instead, use [[unsafe.bindings]] to enable experimental features. Add this to your wrangler.toml:
+                \`\`\`
+                [[unsafe.bindings]]
+                name = \\"NAME\\"
+                type = \\"service\\"
+                service = \\"SERVICE\\"
+                environment = \\"ENV\\"
+                \`\`\`"
+        `);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("route & routes fields", () => {
+      it("should error if both route and routes are specified in the same environment", () => {
+        const environment: RawEnvironment = {
+          name: "ENV_NAME",
+          account_id: "ENV_ACCOUNT_ID",
+          compatibility_date: "2022-02-02",
+          compatibility_flags: ["ENV_FLAG1", "ENV_FLAG2"],
+          workers_dev: true,
+          route: "ENV_ROUTE_1",
+          routes: ["ENV_ROUTE_2", "ENV_ROUTE_3"],
+          jsx_factory: "ENV_JSX_FACTORY",
+          jsx_fragment: "ENV_JSX_FRAGMENT",
+          triggers: { crons: ["ENV_CRON_1", "ENV_CRON_2"] },
+          usage_model: "unbound",
+        };
+        const expectedConfig: RawConfig = {
+          name: "NAME",
+          account_id: "ACCOUNT_ID",
+          compatibility_date: "2022-01-01",
+          compatibility_flags: ["FLAG1", "FLAG2"],
+          workers_dev: false,
+          routes: ["ROUTE_1", "ROUTE_2"],
+          jsx_factory: "JSX_FACTORY",
+          jsx_fragment: "JSX_FRAGMENT",
+          triggers: { crons: ["CRON_1", "CRON_2"] },
+          usage_model: "bundled",
+          env: {
+            ENV1: environment,
+          },
+        };
+
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          expectedConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(expect.objectContaining(environment));
+        expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(true);
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+
+            - \\"env.ENV1\\" environment configuration
+              - Expected exactly one of [\\"routes\\",\\"route\\"]."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should error if both route and routes are specified in the top-level environment", () => {
+        const environment: RawEnvironment = {
+          name: "ENV_NAME",
+          account_id: "ENV_ACCOUNT_ID",
+          compatibility_date: "2022-02-02",
+          compatibility_flags: ["ENV_FLAG1", "ENV_FLAG2"],
+          workers_dev: true,
+          routes: ["ENV_ROUTE_1", "ENV_ROUTE_2"],
+          jsx_factory: "ENV_JSX_FACTORY",
+          jsx_fragment: "ENV_JSX_FRAGMENT",
+          triggers: { crons: ["ENV_CRON_1", "ENV_CRON_2"] },
+          usage_model: "unbound",
+        };
+        const expectedConfig: RawConfig = {
+          name: "NAME",
+          account_id: "ACCOUNT_ID",
+          compatibility_date: "2022-01-01",
+          compatibility_flags: ["FLAG1", "FLAG2"],
+          workers_dev: false,
+          route: "ROUTE_1",
+          routes: ["ROUTE_2", "ROUTE_3"],
+          jsx_factory: "JSX_FACTORY",
+          jsx_fragment: "JSX_FRAGMENT",
+          triggers: { crons: ["CRON_1", "CRON_2"] },
+          usage_model: "bundled",
+          env: {
+            ENV1: environment,
+          },
+        };
+
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          expectedConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(expect.objectContaining(environment));
+        expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(true);
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+
+        expect(diagnostics.renderErrors()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+          "Processing wrangler configuration:
+            - Expected exactly one of [\\"routes\\",\\"route\\"]."
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it("should not error if <env>.route and <top-level>.routes are specified", () => {
+        const environment: RawEnvironment = {
+          name: "ENV_NAME",
+          account_id: "ENV_ACCOUNT_ID",
+          compatibility_date: "2022-02-02",
+          compatibility_flags: ["ENV_FLAG1", "ENV_FLAG2"],
+          workers_dev: true,
+          route: "ENV_ROUTE_1",
+          jsx_factory: "ENV_JSX_FACTORY",
+          jsx_fragment: "ENV_JSX_FRAGMENT",
+          triggers: { crons: ["ENV_CRON_1", "ENV_CRON_2"] },
+          usage_model: "unbound",
+        };
+        const expectedConfig: RawConfig = {
+          name: "NAME",
+          account_id: "ACCOUNT_ID",
+          compatibility_date: "2022-01-01",
+          compatibility_flags: ["FLAG1", "FLAG2"],
+          workers_dev: false,
+          routes: ["ROUTE_1", "ROUTE_2"],
+          jsx_factory: "JSX_FACTORY",
+          jsx_fragment: "JSX_FRAGMENT",
+          triggers: { crons: ["CRON_1", "CRON_2"] },
+          usage_model: "bundled",
+          env: {
+            ENV1: environment,
+          },
+        };
+
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          expectedConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(expect.objectContaining(environment));
+        expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+      });
+
+      it("should not error if <env>.routes and <top-level>.route are specified", () => {
+        const environment: RawEnvironment = {
+          name: "ENV_NAME",
+          account_id: "ENV_ACCOUNT_ID",
+          compatibility_date: "2022-02-02",
+          compatibility_flags: ["ENV_FLAG1", "ENV_FLAG2"],
+          workers_dev: true,
+          routes: ["ENV_ROUTE_1", "ENV_ROUTE_2"],
+          jsx_factory: "ENV_JSX_FACTORY",
+          jsx_fragment: "ENV_JSX_FRAGMENT",
+          triggers: { crons: ["ENV_CRON_1", "ENV_CRON_2"] },
+          usage_model: "unbound",
+        };
+        const expectedConfig: RawConfig = {
+          name: "NAME",
+          account_id: "ACCOUNT_ID",
+          compatibility_date: "2022-01-01",
+          compatibility_flags: ["FLAG1", "FLAG2"],
+          workers_dev: false,
+          route: "ROUTE_1",
+          jsx_factory: "JSX_FACTORY",
+          jsx_fragment: "JSX_FRAGMENT",
+          triggers: { crons: ["CRON_1", "CRON_2"] },
+          usage_model: "bundled",
+          env: {
+            ENV1: environment,
+          },
+        };
+
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          expectedConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(expect.objectContaining(environment));
+        expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+      });
+
+      it("should not error if <env1>.route and <env2>.routes are specified", () => {
+        const environment1: RawEnvironment = {
+          name: "ENV_NAME",
+          account_id: "ENV_ACCOUNT_ID",
+          compatibility_date: "2022-02-02",
+          compatibility_flags: ["ENV_FLAG1", "ENV_FLAG2"],
+          workers_dev: true,
+          routes: ["ENV1_ROUTE_1", "ENV2_ROUTE_2"],
+          jsx_factory: "ENV_JSX_FACTORY",
+          jsx_fragment: "ENV_JSX_FRAGMENT",
+          triggers: { crons: ["ENV_CRON_1", "ENV_CRON_2"] },
+          usage_model: "unbound",
+        };
+        const environment2: RawEnvironment = {
+          name: "ENV_NAME",
+          account_id: "ENV_ACCOUNT_ID",
+          compatibility_date: "2022-02-02",
+          compatibility_flags: ["ENV_FLAG1", "ENV_FLAG2"],
+          workers_dev: true,
+          route: "ENV2_ROUTE_1",
+          jsx_factory: "ENV_JSX_FACTORY",
+          jsx_fragment: "ENV_JSX_FRAGMENT",
+          triggers: { crons: ["ENV_CRON_1", "ENV_CRON_2"] },
+          usage_model: "unbound",
+        };
+        const expectedConfig: RawConfig = {
+          name: "NAME",
+          account_id: "ACCOUNT_ID",
+          compatibility_date: "2022-01-01",
+          compatibility_flags: ["FLAG1", "FLAG2"],
+          workers_dev: false,
+          route: "ROUTE_1",
+          jsx_factory: "JSX_FACTORY",
+          jsx_fragment: "JSX_FRAGMENT",
+          triggers: { crons: ["CRON_1", "CRON_2"] },
+          usage_model: "bundled",
+          env: {
+            ENV1: environment1,
+            ENV2: environment2,
+          },
+        };
+
+        const { config, diagnostics } = normalizeAndValidateConfig(
+          expectedConfig,
+          undefined
+        );
+
+        expect(config.env.ENV1).toEqual(expect.objectContaining(environment1));
+        expect(config.env.ENV2).toEqual(expect.objectContaining(environment2));
+        expect(diagnostics.hasErrors()).toBe(false);
+        expect(diagnostics.hasWarnings()).toBe(false);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+function normalizePath(text: string): string {
+  return text
+    .replace("project\\wrangler.toml", "project/wrangler.toml")
+    .replace("src\\index.ts", "src/index.ts");
+}