wrangler 0.0.0-e151223 → 0.0.0-e1b8ac4

package/src/publish.ts

@@ -1,410 +1,726 @@
 import assert from "node:assert";
-import { readFile } from "node:fs/promises";
+import { mkdirSync, readFileSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { URLSearchParams } from "node:url";
-import * as esbuild from "esbuild";
-import { execaCommand } from "execa";
 import tmp from "tmp-promise";
-import { toFormData } from "./api/form_data";
-import { fetchResult } from "./cfetch";
-import makeModuleCollector from "./module-collection";
+import { bundleWorker } from "./bundle";
+import { fetchListResult, fetchResult } from "./cfetch";
+import { printBindings } from "./config";
+import { createWorkerUploadForm } from "./create-worker-upload-form";
+import { confirm } from "./dialogs";
+import { getMigrationsToUpload } from "./durable";
+import { logger } from "./logger";
+import { ParseError } from "./parse";
 import { syncAssets } from "./sites";
-import type { CfWorkerInit } from "./api/worker";
+import { getZoneForRoute } from "./zones";
 import type { Config } from "./config";
+import type {
+  Route,
+  ZoneIdRoute,
+  ZoneNameRoute,
+  CustomDomainRoute,
+} from "./config/environment";
+import type { Entry } from "./entry";
 import type { AssetPaths } from "./sites";
-import type { Metafile } from "esbuild";
-
-type CfScriptFormat = undefined | "modules" | "service-worker";
+import type { CfWorkerInit } from "./worker";
 
 type Props = {
   config: Config;
-  format: CfScriptFormat | undefined;
-  script: string | undefined;
+  accountId: string | undefined;
+  entry: Entry;
+  rules: Config["rules"];
   name: string | undefined;
   env: string | undefined;
   compatibilityDate: string | undefined;
   compatibilityFlags: string[] | undefined;
   assetPaths: AssetPaths | undefined;
-  triggers: (string | number)[] | undefined;
-  routes: (string | number)[] | undefined;
+  triggers: string[] | undefined;
+  routes: string[] | undefined;
   legacyEnv: boolean | undefined;
-  jsxFactory: undefined | string;
-  jsxFragment: undefined | string;
-  experimentalPublic: boolean;
+  jsxFactory: string | undefined;
+  jsxFragment: string | undefined;
+  tsconfig: string | undefined;
+  isWorkersSite: boolean;
+  minify: boolean | undefined;
+  nodeCompat: boolean | undefined;
+  outDir: string | undefined;
+  dryRun: boolean | undefined;
 };
 
+type RouteObject = ZoneIdRoute | ZoneNameRoute | CustomDomainRoute;
+
 function sleep(ms: number) {
   return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
 }
 
-export default async function publish(props: Props): Promise<void> {
-  if (props.experimentalPublic && props.format === "service-worker") {
-    // TODO: check config too
-    throw new Error(
-      "You cannot publish in the service worker format with a public directory."
+function renderRoute(route: Route): string {
+  let result = "";
+  if (typeof route === "string") {
+    result = route;
+  } else {
+    result = route.pattern;
+    const isCustomDomain = Boolean(
+      "custom_domain" in route && route.custom_domain
     );
+    if (isCustomDomain && "zone_id" in route) {
+      result += ` (custom domain - zone id: ${route.zone_id})`;
+    } else if (isCustomDomain && "zone_name" in route) {
+      result += ` (custom domain - zone name: ${route.zone_name})`;
+    } else if (isCustomDomain) {
+      result += ` (custom domain)`;
+    } else if ("zone_id" in route) {
+      result += ` (zone id: ${route.zone_id})`;
+    } else if ("zone_name" in route) {
+      result += ` (zone name: ${route.zone_name})`;
+    }
   }
-  // TODO: warn if git/hg has uncommitted changes
-  const { config } = props;
-  const {
-    account_id: accountId,
-    build,
-    // @ts-expect-error hidden
-    __path__,
-  } = config;
+  return result;
+}
 
-  const envRootObj =
-    props.env && config.env ? config.env[props.env] || {} : config;
+// this function takes a string with quotes in it
+// (i.e. `hello "world", if that really is your name`)
+// and peels out the first instance of a substring
+// bounded by quotes (so, in the example above, `world`)
+//
+// this is useful because the /domains api will return
+// which domains conflicted in an error message, bounded
+// by a string, which we can use to provide helpful
+// messages to a user
+function getQuoteBoundedSubstring(content: string) {
+  const matches = content.split('"');
+  return matches[1] ?? "";
+}
 
-  assert(
-    envRootObj.compatibility_date || props.compatibilityDate,
-    "A compatibility_date is required when publishing. Add one to your wrangler.toml file, or pass it in your terminal as --compatibility_date. See https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/platform/compatibility-dates for more information."
+function isOriginConflictError(
+  e: unknown
+): e is { code: 100116; message: string; notes: Array<{ text: string }> } {
+  return (
+    typeof e === "object" &&
+    e !== null &&
+    (e as { code: number }).code === 100116
   );
+}
 
-  if (accountId === undefined) {
-    throw new Error("No account_id provided.");
+function isDNSConflictError(
+  e: unknown
+): e is { code: 100117; message: string; notes: Array<{ text: string }> } {
+  return (
+    typeof e === "object" &&
+    e !== null &&
+    (e as { code: number }).code === 100117
+  );
+}
+
+// empty error class to throw and then explicitly catch via `instanceof`
+class CustomDomainOverrideRejected extends Error {}
+
+// publishing to custom domains involves a few more steps than just updating
+// the routing table, and thus the api implementing it is fairly defensive -
+// it will error eagerly on conflicts against existing domains or existing
+// managed DNS records
+//
+// however, you can pass params to override the errors. we start on the
+// defensive path, and if one of these errors occur, we prompt the user
+// for confirmation that they do indeed want to override the conflicts, and
+// then retry the request with the right override added
+//
+// if a user does not confirm that they want to override, we skip publishing
+// to these custom domains, but continue on through the rest of the
+// publish stage
+function publishCustomDomains(
+  workerUrl: string,
+  domains: Array<RouteObject>
+): Promise<string[]> {
+  const config = {
+    override_scope: true,
+    override_existing_origin: false,
+    override_existing_dns_record: false,
+  };
+  const origins = domains.map((domainRoute) => {
+    return {
+      hostname: domainRoute.pattern,
+      zone_id: "zone_id" in domainRoute ? domainRoute.zone_id : undefined,
+      zone_name: "zone_name" in domainRoute ? domainRoute.zone_name : undefined,
+    };
+  });
+
+  if (!process.stdout.isTTY) {
+    // running in non-interactive mode.
+    // existing origins / dns records are not indicative of errors,
+    // so we aggressively update rather than aggressively fail
+    config.override_existing_origin = true;
+    config.override_existing_dns_record = true;
   }
 
+  // Mixing promise chains with async/await is funky, but it allows us to keep related
+  // logic synchronous-looking (i.e. prompting for confirmation and then re-requesting)
+  // while retaining the flexibility of promise chain fall-throughs. We can group error
+  // handling logic in dedicated catch calls, and all we have to do is re-throw an
+  // error and it will pass down to the next catch call
+  return fetchResult(`${workerUrl}/domains`, {
+    method: "PUT",
+    body: JSON.stringify({ ...config, origins }),
+    headers: {
+      "Content-Type": "application/json",
+    },
+  })
+    .catch(async (err) => {
+      if (isOriginConflictError(err)) {
+        const conflictingOrigins = getQuoteBoundedSubstring(err.notes[0].text);
+        const shouldContinue = await confirm(
+          `Custom Domains already exist for these domains: "${conflictingOrigins}"\nUpdate them to point to this script instead?`
+        );
+        if (!shouldContinue) {
+          throw new CustomDomainOverrideRejected();
+        }
+        config.override_existing_origin = true;
+        await fetchResult(`${workerUrl}/domains`, {
+          method: "PUT",
+          body: JSON.stringify({ ...config, origins }),
+          headers: {
+            "Content-Type": "application/json",
+          },
+        });
+      } else {
+        throw err;
+      }
+    })
+    .catch(async (err) => {
+      if (isDNSConflictError(err)) {
+        const conflictingOrigins = getQuoteBoundedSubstring(err.notes[0].text);
+        const shouldContinue = await confirm(
+          `You already have conflicting DNS records for these domains: "${conflictingOrigins}"\nUpdate them to point to this script instead?`
+        );
+        if (!shouldContinue) {
+          throw new CustomDomainOverrideRejected();
+        }
+        config.override_existing_dns_record = true;
+        await fetchResult(`${workerUrl}/domains`, {
+          method: "PUT",
+          body: JSON.stringify({ ...config, origins }),
+          headers: {
+            "Content-Type": "application/json",
+          },
+        });
+      } else {
+        throw err;
+      }
+    })
+    .then(() => domains.map((domain) => renderRoute(domain)))
+    .catch((err) => {
+      if (err instanceof CustomDomainOverrideRejected) {
+        return [
+          domains.length > 1
+            ? `Publishing to ${domains.length} Custom Domains was skipped, fix conflicts and try again`
+            : `Publishing to Custom Domain "${domains[0].pattern}" was skipped, fix conflict and try again`,
+        ];
+      }
+      throw err;
+    });
+}
+
+export default async function publish(props: Props): Promise<void> {
+  // TODO: warn if git/hg has uncommitted changes
+  const { config, accountId } = props;
+
+  assert(
+    props.compatibilityDate || config.compatibility_date,
+    "A compatibility_date is required when publishing. Add one to your wrangler.toml file, or pass it in your terminal as --compatibility-date. See https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/platform/compatibility-dates for more information."
+  );
+
   const triggers = props.triggers || config.triggers?.crons;
-  const routes = props.routes || config.routes;
+  const routes =
+    props.routes ?? config.routes ?? (config.route ? [config.route] : []) ?? [];
+  const routesOnly: Array<Route> = [];
+  const customDomainsOnly: Array<RouteObject> = [];
+  for (const route of routes) {
+    if (typeof route !== "string" && route.custom_domain) {
+      if (route.pattern.includes("*")) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Cannot use "${route.pattern}" as a Custom Domain; wildcard operators (*) are not allowed`
+        );
+      }
+      if (route.pattern.includes("/")) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Cannot use "${route.pattern}" as a Custom Domain; paths are not allowed`
+        );
+      }
+      customDomainsOnly.push(route);
+    } else {
+      routesOnly.push(route);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // deployToWorkersDev defaults to true only if there aren't any routes defined
+  const deployToWorkersDev = config.workers_dev ?? routes.length === 0;
 
   const jsxFactory = props.jsxFactory || config.jsx_factory;
   const jsxFragment = props.jsxFragment || config.jsx_fragment;
 
-  assert(config.account_id, "missing account id");
+  const minify = props.minify ?? config.minify;
+
+  const nodeCompat = props.nodeCompat ?? config.node_compat;
+  if (nodeCompat) {
+    logger.warn(
+      "Enabling node.js compatibility mode for built-ins and globals. This is experimental and has serious tradeoffs. Please see https://github.com/ionic-team/rollup-plugin-node-polyfills/ for more details."
+    );
+  }
 
-  let scriptName = props.name || config.name;
+  const scriptName = props.name;
   assert(
     scriptName,
     'You need to provide a name when publishing a worker. Either pass it as a cli arg with `--name <name>` or in your config file as `name = "<name>"`'
   );
 
-  if (config.site?.["entry-point"]) {
-    console.warn(
-      "Deprecation notice: The `site.entry-point` config field is no longer used.\n" +
-        "The entry-point should be specified via the command line (e.g. `wrangler publish path/to/script`) or the `build.upload.main` config field.\n" +
-        "Please remove the `site.entry-point` field from the `wrangler.toml` file."
-    );
-  }
-
   assert(
     !config.site || config.site.bucket,
-    "A [site] definition requires a `bucket` field with a path to the site's public directory."
+    "A [site] definition requires a `bucket` field with a path to the site's assets directory."
   );
 
-  let file: string;
-  if (props.script) {
-    // If the script name comes from the command line it is relative to the current working directory.
-    file = path.resolve(props.script);
-  } else {
-    // If the script name comes from the config, then it is relative to the wrangler.toml file.
-    if (build?.upload?.main === undefined) {
-      throw new Error(
-        "Missing entry-point: The entry-point should be specified via the command line (e.g. `wrangler publish path/to/script`) or the `build.upload.main` config field."
-      );
-    }
-    file = path.resolve(path.dirname(__path__), build.upload.main);
+  if (props.outDir) {
+    // we're using a custom output directory,
+    // so let's first ensure it exists
+    mkdirSync(props.outDir, { recursive: true });
+    // add a README
+    const readmePath = path.join(props.outDir, "README.md");
+    writeFileSync(
+      readmePath,
+      `This folder contains the built output assets for the worker "${scriptName}" generated at ${new Date().toISOString()}.`
+    );
   }
 
-  if (props.legacyEnv) {
-    scriptName += props.env ? `-${props.env}` : "";
-  }
+  const destination = props.outDir ?? (await tmp.dir({ unsafeCleanup: true }));
   const envName = props.env ?? "production";
 
-  const destination = await tmp.dir({ unsafeCleanup: true });
-  if (props.config.build?.command) {
-    // TODO: add a deprecation message here?
-    console.log("running:", props.config.build.command);
-    await execaCommand(props.config.build.command, {
-      shell: true,
-      stdout: "inherit",
-      stderr: "inherit",
-      ...(props.config.build?.cwd && { cwd: props.config.build.cwd }),
-    });
-  }
-
-  const moduleCollector = makeModuleCollector();
-  const result = await esbuild.build({
-    ...(props.experimentalPublic
-      ? {
-          stdin: {
-            contents: (
-              await readFile(
-                path.join(__dirname, "../static-asset-facade.js"),
-                "utf8"
-              )
-            ).replace("__ENTRY_POINT__", file),
-            sourcefile: "static-asset-facade.js",
-            resolveDir: path.dirname(file),
-          },
-          nodePaths: [path.join(__dirname, "../vendor")],
-        }
-      : { entryPoints: [file] }),
-    bundle: true,
-    outdir: destination.path,
-    external: ["__STATIC_CONTENT_MANIFEST"],
-    format: "esm",
-    sourcemap: true,
-    metafile: true,
-    conditions: ["worker", "browser"],
-    loader: {
-      ".js": "jsx",
-      ".html": "text",
-      ".pem": "text",
-      ".txt": "text",
-    },
-    plugins: [moduleCollector.plugin],
-    ...(jsxFactory && { jsxFactory }),
-    ...(jsxFragment && { jsxFragment }),
-  });
+  const start = Date.now();
+  const notProd = Boolean(!props.legacyEnv && props.env);
+  const workerName = notProd ? `${scriptName} (${envName})` : scriptName;
+  const workerUrl = notProd
+    ? `/accounts/${accountId}/workers/services/${scriptName}/environments/${envName}`
+    : `/accounts/${accountId}/workers/scripts/${scriptName}`;
 
-  // result.metafile is defined because of the `metafile: true` option above.
-  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-non-null-assertion
-  const metafile = result.metafile!;
-  const entryPoints = Object.entries(metafile.outputs).filter(
-    ([_path, output]) => output.entryPoint !== undefined
-  );
-  assert(
-    entryPoints.length > 0,
-    `Cannot find entry-point "${file}" in generated bundle.` +
-      listEntryPoints(entryPoints)
-  );
-  assert(
-    entryPoints.length < 2,
-    "More than one entry-point found for generated bundle." +
-      listEntryPoints(entryPoints)
-  );
-  const entryPointExports = entryPoints[0][1].exports;
-  const resolvedEntryPointPath = entryPoints[0][0];
-  const { format } = props;
-  const bundle = {
-    type: entryPointExports.length > 0 ? "esm" : "commonjs",
-    exports: entryPointExports,
-  };
+  let available_on_subdomain; // we'll set this later
 
-  // TODO: instead of bundling the facade with the worker, we should just bundle the worker and expose it as a module.
-  // That way we'll be able to accurately tell if this is a service worker or not.
+  const { format } = props.entry;
 
-  if (format === "modules" && bundle.type === "commonjs") {
-    console.error("⎔ Cannot use modules with a commonjs bundle.");
-    // TODO: a much better error message here, with what to do next
-    return;
-  }
-  if (format === "service-worker" && bundle.type !== "esm") {
-    console.error("⎔ Cannot use service-worker with a esm bundle.");
-    // TODO: a much better error message here, with what to do next
-    return;
+  if (
+    !props.isWorkersSite &&
+    Boolean(props.assetPaths) &&
+    format === "service-worker"
+  ) {
+    throw new Error(
+      "You cannot use the service-worker format with an `assets` directory yet. For information on how to migrate to the module-worker format, see: https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/learning/migrating-to-module-workers/"
+    );
   }
 
-  let content = await readFile(resolvedEntryPointPath, { encoding: "utf-8" });
-  await destination.cleanup();
+  if (config.wasm_modules && format === "modules") {
+    throw new Error(
+      "You cannot configure [wasm_modules] with an ES module worker. Instead, import the .wasm module directly in your code"
+    );
+  }
 
-  // if config.migrations
-  // get current migration tag
-  let migrations;
-  if (config.migrations !== undefined) {
-    const scripts = await fetchResult<{ id: string; migration_tag: string }[]>(
-      `/accounts/${accountId}/workers/scripts`
+  if (config.text_blobs && format === "modules") {
+    throw new Error(
+      "You cannot configure [text_blobs] with an ES module worker. Instead, import the file directly in your code, and optionally configure `[rules]` in your wrangler.toml"
     );
-    const script = scripts.find(({ id }) => id === scriptName);
-    if (script?.migration_tag) {
-      // was already published once
-      const foundIndex = config.migrations.findIndex(
-        (migration) => migration.tag === script.migration_tag
-      );
-      if (foundIndex === -1) {
-        console.warn(
-          `The published script ${scriptName} has a migration tag "${script.migration_tag}, which was not found in wrangler.toml. You may have already deleted it. Applying all available migrations to the script...`
-        );
-        migrations = {
-          old_tag: script.migration_tag,
-          new_tag: config.migrations[config.migrations.length - 1].tag,
-          steps: config.migrations.map(({ tag: _tag, ...rest }) => rest),
-        };
-      } else {
-        migrations = {
-          old_tag: script.migration_tag,
-          new_tag: config.migrations[config.migrations.length - 1].tag,
-          steps: config.migrations
-            .slice(foundIndex + 1)
-            .map(({ tag: _tag, ...rest }) => rest),
-        };
-      }
-    } else {
-      migrations = {
-        new_tag: config.migrations[config.migrations.length - 1].tag,
-        steps: config.migrations.map(({ tag: _tag, ...rest }) => rest),
-      };
-    }
   }
 
-  const assets = await syncAssets(
-    accountId,
-    scriptName,
-    props.assetPaths,
-    false,
-    props.env
-  );
+  if (config.data_blobs && format === "modules") {
+    throw new Error(
+      "You cannot configure [data_blobs] with an ES module worker. Instead, import the file directly in your code, and optionally configure `[rules]` in your wrangler.toml"
+    );
+  }
+  try {
+    const { modules, resolvedEntryPointPath, bundleType } = await bundleWorker(
+      props.entry,
+      typeof destination === "string" ? destination : destination.path,
+      {
+        serveAssetsFromWorker:
+          !props.isWorkersSite && Boolean(props.assetPaths),
+        jsxFactory,
+        jsxFragment,
+        rules: props.rules,
+        tsconfig: props.tsconfig ?? config.tsconfig,
+        minify,
+        nodeCompat,
+      }
+    );
 
-  const bindings: CfWorkerInit["bindings"] = {
-    kv_namespaces: (envRootObj.kv_namespaces || []).concat(
-      assets.namespace
-        ? { binding: "__STATIC_CONTENT", id: assets.namespace }
-        : []
-    ),
-    vars: envRootObj.vars,
-    durable_objects: envRootObj.durable_objects,
-    services: envRootObj.experimental_services,
-  };
+    const content = readFileSync(resolvedEntryPointPath, {
+      encoding: "utf-8",
+    });
 
-  const workerType = bundle.type === "esm" ? "esm" : "commonjs";
-  if (workerType !== "esm" && assets.manifest) {
-    content = `const __STATIC_CONTENT_MANIFEST = ${JSON.stringify(
-      assets.manifest
-    )};\n${content}`;
-  }
+    // durable object migrations
+    const migrations = !props.dryRun
+      ? await getMigrationsToUpload(scriptName, {
+          accountId,
+          config,
+          legacyEnv: props.legacyEnv,
+          env: props.env,
+        })
+      : undefined;
+
+    const assets = await syncAssets(
+      accountId,
+      // When we're using the newer service environments, we wouldn't
+      // have added the env name on to the script name. However, we must
+      // include it in the kv namespace name regardless (since there's no
+      // concept of service environments for kv namespaces yet).
+      scriptName + (!props.legacyEnv && props.env ? `-${props.env}` : ""),
+      props.assetPaths,
+      false,
+      props.dryRun
+    );
 
-  const worker: CfWorkerInit = {
-    name: scriptName,
-    main: {
-      name: path.basename(resolvedEntryPointPath),
-      content: content,
-      type: workerType,
-    },
-    bindings,
-    ...(migrations && { migrations }),
-    modules: moduleCollector.modules.concat(
-      assets.manifest && workerType === "esm"
-        ? {
-            name: "__STATIC_CONTENT_MANIFEST",
-            content: JSON.stringify(assets.manifest),
-            type: "text",
-          }
-        : []
-    ),
-    compatibility_date: config.compatibility_date,
-    compatibility_flags: config.compatibility_flags,
-    usage_model: config.usage_model,
-  };
+    const bindings: CfWorkerInit["bindings"] = {
+      kv_namespaces: (config.kv_namespaces || []).concat(
+        assets.namespace
+          ? { binding: "__STATIC_CONTENT", id: assets.namespace }
+          : []
+      ),
+      vars: config.vars,
+      wasm_modules: config.wasm_modules,
+      text_blobs: {
+        ...config.text_blobs,
+        ...(assets.manifest &&
+          format === "service-worker" && {
+            __STATIC_CONTENT_MANIFEST: "__STATIC_CONTENT_MANIFEST",
+          }),
+      },
+      data_blobs: config.data_blobs,
+      durable_objects: config.durable_objects,
+      r2_buckets: config.r2_buckets,
+      services: config.services,
+      unsafe: config.unsafe?.bindings,
+    };
+
+    if (assets.manifest) {
+      modules.push({
+        name: "__STATIC_CONTENT_MANIFEST",
+        content: JSON.stringify(assets.manifest),
+        type: "text",
+      });
+    }
 
-  const start = Date.now();
-  function formatTime(duration: number) {
-    return `(${(duration / 1000).toFixed(2)} sec)`;
+    const worker: CfWorkerInit = {
+      name: scriptName,
+      main: {
+        name: path.basename(resolvedEntryPointPath),
+        content: content,
+        type: bundleType,
+      },
+      bindings,
+      migrations,
+      modules,
+      compatibility_date: props.compatibilityDate ?? config.compatibility_date,
+      compatibility_flags:
+        props.compatibilityFlags ?? config.compatibility_flags,
+      usage_model: config.usage_model,
+    };
+
+    const withoutStaticAssets = {
+      ...bindings,
+      kv_namespaces: config.kv_namespaces,
+      text_blobs: config.text_blobs,
+    };
+    printBindings(withoutStaticAssets);
+
+    if (!props.dryRun) {
+      // Upload the script so it has time to propagate.
+      // We can also now tell whether available_on_subdomain is set
+      available_on_subdomain = (
+        await fetchResult<{ available_on_subdomain: boolean }>(
+          workerUrl,
+          {
+            method: "PUT",
+            body: createWorkerUploadForm(worker),
+          },
+          new URLSearchParams({
+            include_subdomain_availability: "true",
+            // pass excludeScript so the whole body of the
+            // script doesn't get included in the response
+            excludeScript: "true",
+          })
+        )
+      ).available_on_subdomain;
+    }
+  } finally {
+    if (typeof destination !== "string") {
+      // this means we're using a temp dir,
+      // so let's clean up before we proceed
+      await destination.cleanup();
+    }
   }
 
-  const notProd = !props.legacyEnv && props.env;
-  const workerName = notProd ? `${scriptName} (${envName})` : scriptName;
-  const workerUrl = notProd
-    ? `/accounts/${accountId}/workers/services/${scriptName}/environments/${envName}`
-    : `/accounts/${accountId}/workers/scripts/${scriptName}`;
-
-  // Upload the script so it has time to propagate.
-  const { available_on_subdomain } = await fetchResult(
-    workerUrl,
-    {
-      method: "PUT",
-      body: toFormData(worker),
-    },
-    new URLSearchParams({ available_on_subdomains: "true" })
-  );
+  if (props.dryRun) {
+    logger.log(`--dry-run: exiting now.`);
+    return;
+  }
+  assert(accountId, "Missing accountId");
 
   const uploadMs = Date.now() - start;
-  console.log("Uploaded", workerName, formatTime(uploadMs));
   const deployments: Promise<string[]>[] = [];
 
-  const userSubdomain = (
-    await fetchResult<{ subdomain: string }>(
-      `/accounts/${accountId}/workers/subdomain`
-    )
-  ).subdomain;
-
-  const scriptURL =
-    props.legacyEnv || !props.env
-      ? `${scriptName}.${userSubdomain}.workers.dev`
-      : `${envName}.${scriptName}.${userSubdomain}.workers.dev`;
-
-  // Enable the `workers.dev` subdomain.
-  // TODO: Make this configurable.
-  if (!available_on_subdomain) {
-    deployments.push(
-      fetchResult(`${workerUrl}/subdomain`, {
+  if (deployToWorkersDev) {
+    // Deploy to a subdomain of `workers.dev`
+    const userSubdomain = await getSubdomain(accountId);
+    const scriptURL =
+      props.legacyEnv || !props.env
+        ? `${scriptName}.${userSubdomain}.workers.dev`
+        : `${envName}.${scriptName}.${userSubdomain}.workers.dev`;
+    if (!available_on_subdomain) {
+      // Enable the `workers.dev` subdomain.
+      deployments.push(
+        fetchResult(`${workerUrl}/subdomain`, {
+          method: "POST",
+          body: JSON.stringify({ enabled: true }),
+          headers: {
+            "Content-Type": "application/json",
+          },
+        })
+          .then(() => [scriptURL])
+          // Add a delay when the subdomain is first created.
+          // This is to prevent an issue where a negative cache-hit
+          // causes the subdomain to be unavailable for 30 seconds.
+          // This is a temporary measure until we fix this on the edge.
+          .then(async (url) => {
+            await sleep(3000);
+            return url;
+          })
+      );
+    } else {
+      deployments.push(Promise.resolve([scriptURL]));
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (available_on_subdomain) {
+      // Disable the workers.dev deployment
+      await fetchResult(`${workerUrl}/subdomain`, {
         method: "POST",
-        body: JSON.stringify({ enabled: true }),
+        body: JSON.stringify({ enabled: false }),
         headers: {
           "Content-Type": "application/json",
         },
-      })
-        .then(() => [scriptURL])
-        // Add a delay when the subdomain is first created.
-        // This is to prevent an issue where a negative cache-hit
-        // causes the subdomain to be unavailable for 30 seconds.
-        // This is a temporary measure until we fix this on the edge.
-        .then(async (url) => {
-          await sleep(3000);
-          return url;
-        })
-    );
-  } else {
-    deployments.push(Promise.resolve([scriptURL]));
+      });
+    }
   }
 
+  logger.log("Uploaded", workerName, formatTime(uploadMs));
+
   // Update routing table for the script.
-  if (routes && routes.length) {
+  if (routesOnly.length > 0) {
     deployments.push(
-      fetchResult(`${workerUrl}/routes`, {
-        // TODO: PATCH will not delete previous routes on this script,
-        // whereas PUT will. We need to decide on the default behaviour
-        // and how to configure it.
-        method: "PUT",
-        body: JSON.stringify(routes.map((pattern) => ({ pattern }))),
-        headers: {
-          "Content-Type": "application/json",
-        },
-      }).then(() => {
-        if (routes.length > 10) {
-          return routes
+      publishRoutes(routesOnly, { workerUrl, scriptName, notProd }).then(() => {
+        if (routesOnly.length > 10) {
+          return routesOnly
             .slice(0, 9)
-            .map(String)
-            .concat([`...and ${routes.length - 10} more routes`]);
+            .map((route) => renderRoute(route))
+            .concat([`...and ${routesOnly.length - 10} more routes`]);
         }
-        return routes.map(String);
+        return routesOnly.map((route) => renderRoute(route));
       })
     );
   }
 
+  // Update custom domains for the script
+  if (customDomainsOnly.length > 0) {
+    deployments.push(publishCustomDomains(workerUrl, customDomainsOnly));
+  }
+
   // Configure any schedules for the script.
   // TODO: rename this to `schedules`?
   if (triggers && triggers.length) {
     deployments.push(
       fetchResult(`${workerUrl}/schedules`, {
-        // TODO: Unlike routes, this endpoint does not support PATCH.
-        // So technically, this will override any previous schedules.
-        // We should change the endpoint to support PATCH.
+        // Note: PUT will override previous schedules on this script.
         method: "PUT",
         body: JSON.stringify(triggers.map((cron) => ({ cron }))),
         headers: {
           "Content-Type": "application/json",
         },
-      }).then(() => triggers.map(String))
+      }).then(() => triggers.map((trigger) => `schedule: ${trigger}`))
     );
   }
 
-  if (!deployments.length) {
-    return;
-  }
-
   const targets = await Promise.all(deployments);
   const deployMs = Date.now() - start - uploadMs;
-  console.log("Deployed", workerName, formatTime(deployMs));
-  for (const target of targets.flat()) {
-    console.log(" ", target);
+
+  if (deployments.length > 0) {
+    logger.log("Published", workerName, formatTime(deployMs));
+    for (const target of targets.flat()) {
+      logger.log(" ", target);
+    }
+  } else {
+    logger.log("No publish targets for", workerName, formatTime(deployMs));
+  }
+}
+
+function formatTime(duration: number) {
+  return `(${(duration / 1000).toFixed(2)} sec)`;
+}
+
+async function getSubdomain(accountId: string): Promise<string> {
+  try {
+    const { subdomain } = await fetchResult(
+      `/accounts/${accountId}/workers/subdomain`
+    );
+    return subdomain;
+  } catch (e) {
+    const error = e as { code?: number };
+    if (typeof error === "object" && !!error && error.code === 10007) {
+      // 10007 error code: not found
+      // https://api.cloudflare.com/#worker-subdomain-get-subdomain
+
+      const errorMessage =
+        "Error: You need to register a workers.dev subdomain before publishing to workers.dev";
+      const solutionMessage =
+        "You can either publish your worker to one or more routes by specifying them in wrangler.toml, or register a workers.dev subdomain here:";
+      const onboardingLink = `https://dash.cloudflare.com/${accountId}/workers/onboarding`;
+
+      throw new Error(`${errorMessage}\n${solutionMessage}\n${onboardingLink}`);
+    } else {
+      throw e;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Associate the newly deployed Worker with the given routes.
+ */
+async function publishRoutes(
+  routes: Route[],
+  {
+    workerUrl,
+    scriptName,
+    notProd,
+  }: { workerUrl: string; scriptName: string; notProd: boolean }
+): Promise<string[]> {
+  try {
+    return await fetchResult(`${workerUrl}/routes`, {
+      // Note: PUT will delete previous routes on this script.
+      method: "PUT",
+      body: JSON.stringify(
+        routes.map((route) =>
+          typeof route !== "object" ? { pattern: route } : route
+        )
+      ),
+      headers: {
+        "Content-Type": "application/json",
+      },
+    });
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (isAuthenticationError(e)) {
+      // An authentication error is probably due to a known issue,
+      // where the user is logged in via an API token that does not have "All Zones".
+      return await publishRoutesFallback(routes, { scriptName, notProd });
+    } else {
+      throw e;
+    }
   }
 }
 
-function listEntryPoints(
-  outputs: [string, ValueOf<Metafile["outputs"]>][]
-): string {
-  return outputs.map(([_input, output]) => output.entryPoint).join("\n");
+/**
+ * Try updating routes for the Worker using a less optimal zone-based API.
+ *
+ * Compute match zones to the routes, then for each route attempt to connect it to the Worker via the zone.
+ */
+async function publishRoutesFallback(
+  routes: Route[],
+  { scriptName, notProd }: { scriptName: string; notProd: boolean }
+) {
+  if (notProd) {
+    throw new Error(
+      "Service environments combined with an API token that doesn't have 'All Zones' permissions is not supported.\n" +
+        "Either turn off service environments by setting `legacy_env = true`, creating an API token with 'All Zones' permissions, or logging in via OAuth"
+    );
+  }
+  logger.warn(
+    "The current authentication token does not have 'All Zones' permissions.\n" +
+      "Falling back to using the zone-based API endpoint to update each route individually.\n" +
+      "Note that there is no access to routes associated with zones that the API token does not have permission for.\n" +
+      "Existing routes for this Worker in such zones will not be deleted."
+  );
+
+  const deployedRoutes: string[] = [];
+
+  // Collect the routes (and their zones) that will be deployed.
+  const activeZones = new Map<string, string>();
+  const routesToDeploy = new Map<string, string>();
+  for (const route of routes) {
+    const zone = await getZoneForRoute(route);
+    if (zone) {
+      activeZones.set(zone.id, zone.host);
+      routesToDeploy.set(
+        typeof route === "string" ? route : route.pattern,
+        zone.id
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Collect the routes that are already deployed.
+  const allRoutes = new Map<string, string>();
+  const alreadyDeployedRoutes = new Set<string>();
+  for (const [zone, host] of activeZones) {
+    try {
+      for (const { pattern, script } of await fetchListResult<{
+        pattern: string;
+        script: string;
+      }>(`/zones/${zone}/workers/routes`)) {
+        allRoutes.set(pattern, script);
+        if (script === scriptName) {
+          alreadyDeployedRoutes.add(pattern);
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      if (isAuthenticationError(e)) {
+        e.notes.push({
+          text: `This could be because the API token being used does not have permission to access the zone "${host}" (${zone}).`,
+        });
+      }
+      throw e;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Deploy each route that is not already deployed.
+  for (const [routePattern, zoneId] of routesToDeploy.entries()) {
+    if (allRoutes.has(routePattern)) {
+      const knownScript = allRoutes.get(routePattern);
+      if (knownScript === scriptName) {
+        // This route is already associated with this worker, so no need to hit the API.
+        alreadyDeployedRoutes.delete(routePattern);
+        continue;
+      } else {
+        throw new Error(
+          `The route with pattern "${routePattern}" is already associated with another worker called "${knownScript}".`
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
+    const { pattern } = await fetchResult(`/zones/${zoneId}/workers/routes`, {
+      method: "POST",
+      body: JSON.stringify({
+        pattern: routePattern,
+        script: scriptName,
+      }),
+      headers: {
+        "Content-Type": "application/json",
+      },
+    });
+
+    deployedRoutes.push(pattern);
+  }
+
+  if (alreadyDeployedRoutes.size) {
+    logger.warn(
+      "Previously deployed routes:\n" +
+        "The following routes were already associated with this worker, and have not been deleted:\n" +
+        [...alreadyDeployedRoutes.values()].map((route) => ` - "${route}"\n`) +
+        "If these routes are not wanted then you can remove them in the dashboard."
+    );
+  }
+
+  return deployedRoutes;
 }
 
-type ValueOf<T> = T[keyof T];
+function isAuthenticationError(e: unknown): e is ParseError {
+  return e instanceof ParseError && (e as { code?: number }).code === 10000;
+}