win-nice 0.1.0

package/bin/belownormal.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
+# win-nice: managed-file
+# No param(): nothing here needs a named parameter, and $args sidesteps
+# PowerShell's parameter binder entirely - see cap.ps1 for why that matters.
+$Command = $args
+
+if (-not $Command -or $Command.Count -eq 0) {
+    Write-Error "usage: belownormal <command> [args...]"
+    exit 1
+}
+
+# Fallback command line for when the target isn't a directly-launchable .exe (see
+# BelowNormalLauncher.Run below) - re-parsed by cmd.exe (via "cmd.exe /c"), so quoting must
+# neutralize its operators (&|<>^) and not just whitespace - see cap.ps1 for the
+# same logic and its documented "%" limitation. belownormal.bat has its own, more
+# severe "%" caveat (see there) that applies before this script ever runs.
+$commandLine = ($Command | ForEach-Object {
+    $escaped = $_ -replace '"', '\"'
+    if ($escaped -eq '' -or $escaped -match '[\s"&|<>^]') { '"' + $escaped + '"' } else { $escaped }
+}) -join ' '
+
+$source = @"
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Text;
+
+public static class BelowNormalLauncher
+{
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
+    struct STARTUPINFO
+    {
+        public int cb;
+        public string lpReserved;
+        public string lpDesktop;
+        public string lpTitle;
+        public int dwX;
+        public int dwY;
+        public int dwXSize;
+        public int dwYSize;
+        public int dwXCountChars;
+        public int dwYCountChars;
+        public int dwFillAttribute;
+        public int dwFlags;
+        public short wShowWindow;
+        public short cbReserved2;
+        public IntPtr lpReserved2;
+        public IntPtr hStdInput;
+        public IntPtr hStdOutput;
+        public IntPtr hStdError;
+    }
+
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+    struct PROCESS_INFORMATION
+    {
+        public IntPtr hProcess;
+        public IntPtr hThread;
+        public int dwProcessId;
+        public int dwThreadId;
+    }
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
+    static extern bool CreateProcess(string lpApplicationName, StringBuilder lpCommandLine,
+        IntPtr lpProcessAttributes, IntPtr lpThreadAttributes, bool bInheritHandles,
+        uint dwCreationFlags, IntPtr lpEnvironment, string lpCurrentDirectory,
+        ref STARTUPINFO lpStartupInfo, out PROCESS_INFORMATION lpProcessInformation);
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    static extern uint WaitForSingleObject(IntPtr hHandle, uint dwMilliseconds);
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    static extern bool GetExitCodeProcess(IntPtr hProcess, out uint lpExitCode);
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
+    static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject);
+
+    // Standard MSVCRT/CommandLineToArgvW quoting: safe for a directly-launched .exe's
+    // own argv parsing. No cmd.exe involved on this path, so none of its operator or
+    // "%" expansion semantics apply - this is the safe path, used whenever possible.
+    static string ArgvQuote(string arg)
+    {
+        if (arg.Length > 0 && arg.IndexOfAny(new char[] { ' ', '\t', '\n', '\v', '"' }) < 0)
+            return arg;
+
+        var result = new StringBuilder();
+        result.Append('"');
+        int backslashes = 0;
+        foreach (char c in arg)
+        {
+            if (c == '\\')
+            {
+                backslashes++;
+            }
+            else if (c == '"')
+            {
+                result.Append('\\', backslashes * 2 + 1);
+                result.Append('"');
+                backslashes = 0;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (backslashes > 0) { result.Append('\\', backslashes); backslashes = 0; }
+                result.Append(c);
+            }
+        }
+        if (backslashes > 0) result.Append('\\', backslashes * 2);
+        result.Append('"');
+        return result.ToString();
+    }
+
+    static string BuildArgvCommandLine(string[] argv)
+    {
+        var parts = new string[argv.Length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < argv.Length; i++) parts[i] = ArgvQuote(argv[i]);
+        return string.Join(" ", parts);
+    }
+
+    // Priority is passed via dwCreationFlags, applied atomically at creation - no
+    // Job Object needed. Windows' CreateProcess inherits IDLE/BELOW_NORMAL priority
+    // by default to children that don't request a priority of their own.
+    public static int Run(uint priorityClass, string[] argv, string cmdExeCommandLine)
+    {
+        var si = new STARTUPINFO();
+        si.cb = Marshal.SizeOf(si);
+        PROCESS_INFORMATION pi = new PROCESS_INFORMATION();
+
+        // See cap.ps1 for why .bat/.cmd targets skip the direct attempt entirely:
+        // CreateProcess silently re-invokes them through cmd.exe on its own, using
+        // unescaped text, instead of failing the way a genuinely missing exe would.
+        bool isBatOrCmd = argv.Length > 0 && (
+            argv[0].EndsWith(".bat", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+            argv[0].EndsWith(".cmd", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+
+        bool created = false;
+        if (!isBatOrCmd)
+        {
+            var directCommandLine = new StringBuilder(BuildArgvCommandLine(argv));
+            created = CreateProcess(null, directCommandLine, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero, true,
+                priorityClass, IntPtr.Zero, null, ref si, out pi);
+        }
+
+        if (!created)
+        {
+            // Falling back to cmd.exe /c: a literal "%" in any argument could now
+            // trigger environment-variable expansion (cmd.exe pairs up "%" characters
+            // across the whole command line, even across separate arguments) and
+            // change what actually runs. Fail loudly here instead of silently risking
+            // that - there's no reliable per-character escape for "%" at this level.
+            foreach (var a in argv)
+            {
+                if (a.IndexOf('%') >= 0)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                        "Refusing to run: argument contains '%' and the target needs the cmd.exe " +
+                        "fallback (not a directly-launchable .exe), where '%' can trigger unintended " +
+                        "environment-variable expansion. See README's Argument handling section.");
+            }
+
+            string cmdExe = Environment.SystemDirectory + "\\cmd.exe";
+            // /d: skip HKCU AutoRun (user-writable registry key). /v:off: disable delayed
+            // expansion so "!var!" in an argument can't be expanded. /s plus the extra outer
+            // quote pair: cmd's /S rule strips exactly that outer pair and leaves the rest of
+            // the string untouched - without /S, cmd strips the first and last quote of the
+            // whole line instead, which breaks quoting whenever the target path itself needs
+            // quotes AND another argument is also quoted.
+            var shellCommandLine = new StringBuilder("\"" + cmdExe + "\" /d /v:off /s /c \"" + cmdExeCommandLine + "\"");
+            created = CreateProcess(null, shellCommandLine, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero, true,
+                priorityClass, IntPtr.Zero, null, ref si, out pi);
+            if (!created)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("CreateProcess failed: " + Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
+        }
+
+        WaitForSingleObject(pi.hProcess, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+
+        uint exitCode;
+        GetExitCodeProcess(pi.hProcess, out exitCode);
+
+        CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
+        CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
+
+        return (int)exitCode;
+    }
+}
+"@
+
+Add-Type -TypeDefinition $source -Language CSharp
+
+$BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS = 0x00004000
+try {
+    exit ([BelowNormalLauncher]::Run($BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS, [string[]]$Command, $commandLine))
+} catch {
+    Write-Error $_.Exception.InnerException.Message
+    exit 1
+}

package/bin/cap

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
+# win-nice: managed-file
+# Git Bash ignores PATHEXT for bare-name resolution; this shim covers that shell.
+# MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL='*' stops Git Bash/MSYS from rewriting user arguments
+# (e.g. /c, /d, C:\...) into Windows paths before the exec; the shim's own
+# .ps1 path is converted explicitly with cygpath -w so -File gets a Windows path.
+MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL='*'
+export MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL
+script=$(cygpath -w "$(dirname "$0")/cap.ps1" 2>/dev/null) || script="$(dirname "$0")/cap.ps1"
+exec powershell -NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File "$script" "$@"

package/bin/cap.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+@echo off
+:: SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
+:: win-nice: managed-file
+:: A literal "%" in any argument gets corrupted here (cmd.exe rescans %1/%* for
+:: %...% patterns the moment a batch file reads them - confirmed with nothing more
+:: than a bare "echo %1", no forwarding involved; there's no per-character escape
+:: for this from inside a .bat). Every other cmd.exe metacharacter (&|<>^) survives
+:: this hop untouched. Invoking "cap" bare from an actual PowerShell session skips
+:: this file entirely (PowerShell prefers cap.ps1) and has no "%" problem at all.
+powershell -NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File "%~dp0cap.ps1" %*

package/bin/cap.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
+# win-nice: managed-file
+# Deliberately no param()/[CmdletBinding()]: a declared parameter name (even
+# without a [Parameter()] attribute) can still be ambiguously prefix-matched by
+# flags meant for the wrapped command (e.g. "-p" matching "-Percent"). Reading
+# everything from $args sidesteps PowerShell's parameter binder entirely.
+if ($args.Count -lt 2) {
+    Write-Error "usage: cap <percent 1-100> <command> [args...]"
+    exit 1
+}
+$percentValue = 0
+if (-not [int]::TryParse($args[0], [ref]$percentValue) -or $percentValue -lt 1 -or $percentValue -gt 100) {
+    Write-Error "usage: cap <percent 1-100> <command> [args...]"
+    exit 1
+}
+$Command = @($args[1..($args.Count - 1)])
+
+# Fallback command line for when the target isn't a directly-launchable .exe (see
+# CapLauncher.Run below) - re-parsed by cmd.exe (via "cmd.exe /c"), so quoting must
+# neutralize its operators (&|<>^) and not just whitespace, or e.g. "A&B" gets split
+# into two commands. NOTE: a literal "%" in an argument can still trigger cmd.exe
+# environment-variable expansion (e.g. "%PATH%") even when quoted, and cmd.exe pairs
+# up "%" characters across argument/quote boundaries - two unrelated arguments that
+# each contain one "%" can corrupt each other. There is no reliable per-character
+# escape for this at the cmd.exe /c level; it's a known, inherent limitation shared
+# by anything that shells out through cmd.exe (Node's own child_process included).
+# This fallback path only runs for .bat/.cmd/builtin targets - a direct .exe target
+# never goes through cmd.exe at all, so it isn't exposed to this limitation.
+$commandLine = ($Command | ForEach-Object {
+    $escaped = $_ -replace '"', '\"'
+    if ($escaped -eq '' -or $escaped -match '[\s"&|<>^]') { '"' + $escaped + '"' } else { $escaped }
+}) -join ' '
+
+$source = @"
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Text;
+
+public static class CapLauncher
+{
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
+    struct STARTUPINFO
+    {
+        public int cb;
+        public string lpReserved;
+        public string lpDesktop;
+        public string lpTitle;
+        public int dwX;
+        public int dwY;
+        public int dwXSize;
+        public int dwYSize;
+        public int dwXCountChars;
+        public int dwYCountChars;
+        public int dwFillAttribute;
+        public int dwFlags;
+        public short wShowWindow;
+        public short cbReserved2;
+        public IntPtr lpReserved2;
+        public IntPtr hStdInput;
+        public IntPtr hStdOutput;
+        public IntPtr hStdError;
+    }
+
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+    struct PROCESS_INFORMATION
+    {
+        public IntPtr hProcess;
+        public IntPtr hThread;
+        public int dwProcessId;
+        public int dwThreadId;
+    }
+
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+    struct JOBOBJECT_CPU_RATE_CONTROL_INFORMATION
+    {
+        public uint ControlFlags;
+        public uint CpuRate;
+    }
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
+    static extern bool CreateProcess(string lpApplicationName, StringBuilder lpCommandLine,
+        IntPtr lpProcessAttributes, IntPtr lpThreadAttributes, bool bInheritHandles,
+        uint dwCreationFlags, IntPtr lpEnvironment, string lpCurrentDirectory,
+        ref STARTUPINFO lpStartupInfo, out PROCESS_INFORMATION lpProcessInformation);
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    static extern IntPtr CreateJobObject(IntPtr lpJobAttributes, string lpName);
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    static extern bool SetInformationJobObject(IntPtr hJob, int JobObjectInfoClass, IntPtr lpJobObjectInfo, uint cbJobObjectInfoLength);
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    static extern bool AssignProcessToJobObject(IntPtr hJob, IntPtr hProcess);
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    static extern uint ResumeThread(IntPtr hThread);
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    static extern uint WaitForSingleObject(IntPtr hHandle, uint dwMilliseconds);
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    static extern bool GetExitCodeProcess(IntPtr hProcess, out uint lpExitCode);
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
+    static extern bool TerminateProcess(IntPtr hProcess, uint uExitCode);
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
+    static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject);
+
+    const uint CREATE_SUSPENDED = 0x00000004;
+    const int JobObjectCpuRateControlInformation = 15;
+    const uint JOB_OBJECT_CPU_RATE_CONTROL_ENABLE = 0x1;
+    const uint JOB_OBJECT_CPU_RATE_CONTROL_HARD_CAP = 0x4;
+
+    // Standard MSVCRT/CommandLineToArgvW quoting: safe for a directly-launched .exe's
+    // own argv parsing. No cmd.exe involved on this path, so none of its operator or
+    // "%" expansion semantics apply - this is the safe path, used whenever possible.
+    static string ArgvQuote(string arg)
+    {
+        if (arg.Length > 0 && arg.IndexOfAny(new char[] { ' ', '\t', '\n', '\v', '"' }) < 0)
+            return arg;
+
+        var result = new StringBuilder();
+        result.Append('"');
+        int backslashes = 0;
+        foreach (char c in arg)
+        {
+            if (c == '\\')
+            {
+                backslashes++;
+            }
+            else if (c == '"')
+            {
+                result.Append('\\', backslashes * 2 + 1);
+                result.Append('"');
+                backslashes = 0;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (backslashes > 0) { result.Append('\\', backslashes); backslashes = 0; }
+                result.Append(c);
+            }
+        }
+        if (backslashes > 0) result.Append('\\', backslashes * 2);
+        result.Append('"');
+        return result.ToString();
+    }
+
+    static string BuildArgvCommandLine(string[] argv)
+    {
+        var parts = new string[argv.Length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < argv.Length; i++) parts[i] = ArgvQuote(argv[i]);
+        return string.Join(" ", parts);
+    }
+
+    public static int Run(int percent, string[] argv, string cmdExeCommandLine)
+    {
+        IntPtr hJob = CreateJobObject(IntPtr.Zero, null);
+        if (hJob == IntPtr.Zero)
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("CreateJobObject failed: " + Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
+
+        var cpuInfo = new JOBOBJECT_CPU_RATE_CONTROL_INFORMATION
+        {
+            ControlFlags = JOB_OBJECT_CPU_RATE_CONTROL_ENABLE | JOB_OBJECT_CPU_RATE_CONTROL_HARD_CAP,
+            CpuRate = (uint)(percent * 100)
+        };
+        int size = Marshal.SizeOf(cpuInfo);
+        IntPtr ptr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size);
+        Marshal.StructureToPtr(cpuInfo, ptr, false);
+        bool ok = SetInformationJobObject(hJob, JobObjectCpuRateControlInformation, ptr, (uint)size);
+        Marshal.FreeHGlobal(ptr);
+        if (!ok)
+        {
+            CloseHandle(hJob);
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("SetInformationJobObject failed: " + Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
+        }
+
+        var si = new STARTUPINFO();
+        si.cb = Marshal.SizeOf(si);
+        PROCESS_INFORMATION pi = new PROCESS_INFORMATION();
+
+        // Try launching the target directly first (no shell at all) - unless it's a
+        // .bat/.cmd file. CreateProcess has an undocumented-but-real fallback of its
+        // own for those: instead of failing, it silently re-invokes them through
+        // cmd.exe using OUR unescaped argv text (ArgvQuote only protects CRT argv
+        // parsing, not cmd.exe's operators), reopening the exact "A&B" splits this
+        // whole file exists to prevent. A bare name with no extension is safe either
+        // way: CreateProcess only ever auto-appends ".exe" to it, never ".bat/.cmd",
+        // so it fails cleanly (ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) when only a same-named .bat/.cmd
+        // exists, and falls through to the escaped path below.
+        bool isBatOrCmd = argv.Length > 0 && (
+            argv[0].EndsWith(".bat", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+            argv[0].EndsWith(".cmd", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+
+        bool created = false;
+        if (!isBatOrCmd)
+        {
+            var directCommandLine = new StringBuilder(BuildArgvCommandLine(argv));
+            created = CreateProcess(null, directCommandLine, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero, true,
+                CREATE_SUSPENDED, IntPtr.Zero, null, ref si, out pi);
+        }
+
+        if (!created)
+        {
+            // Falling back to cmd.exe /c: a literal "%" in any argument could now
+            // trigger environment-variable expansion (cmd.exe pairs up "%" characters
+            // across the whole command line, even across separate arguments) and
+            // change what actually runs. Fail loudly here instead of silently risking
+            // that - there's no reliable per-character escape for "%" at this level.
+            foreach (var a in argv)
+            {
+                if (a.IndexOf('%') >= 0)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                        "Refusing to run: argument contains '%' and the target needs the cmd.exe " +
+                        "fallback (not a directly-launchable .exe), where '%' can trigger unintended " +
+                        "environment-variable expansion. See README's Argument handling section.");
+            }
+
+            string cmdExe = Environment.SystemDirectory + "\\cmd.exe";
+            // /d: skip HKCU AutoRun (user-writable registry key). /v:off: disable delayed
+            // expansion so "!var!" in an argument can't be expanded. /s plus the extra outer
+            // quote pair: cmd's /S rule strips exactly that outer pair and leaves the rest of
+            // the string untouched - without /S, cmd strips the first and last quote of the
+            // whole line instead, which breaks quoting whenever the target path itself needs
+            // quotes AND another argument is also quoted.
+            var shellCommandLine = new StringBuilder("\"" + cmdExe + "\" /d /v:off /s /c \"" + cmdExeCommandLine + "\"");
+            created = CreateProcess(null, shellCommandLine, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero, true,
+                CREATE_SUSPENDED, IntPtr.Zero, null, ref si, out pi);
+            if (!created)
+            {
+                CloseHandle(hJob);
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("CreateProcess failed: " + Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!AssignProcessToJobObject(hJob, pi.hProcess))
+        {
+            // Can't guarantee the cap - kill instead of letting it run uncapped and orphaned.
+            int err = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
+            TerminateProcess(pi.hProcess, 1);
+            CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
+            CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
+            CloseHandle(hJob);
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("AssignProcessToJobObject failed: " + err);
+        }
+
+        ResumeThread(pi.hThread);
+        WaitForSingleObject(pi.hProcess, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+
+        uint exitCode;
+        GetExitCodeProcess(pi.hProcess, out exitCode);
+
+        CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
+        CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
+        CloseHandle(hJob);
+
+        return (int)exitCode;
+    }
+}
+"@
+
+Add-Type -TypeDefinition $source -Language CSharp
+
+try {
+    exit ([CapLauncher]::Run($percentValue, [string[]]$Command, $commandLine))
+} catch {
+    Write-Error $_.Exception.InnerException.Message
+    exit 1
+}

package/bin/cx

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
+# win-nice: managed-file
+# Git Bash ignores PATHEXT for bare-name resolution; this shim covers that shell.
+# MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL='*' stops Git Bash/MSYS from rewriting user arguments
+# (e.g. /c, /d, C:\...) into Windows paths before the exec; the shim's own
+# .ps1 path is converted explicitly with cygpath -w so -File gets a Windows path.
+MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL='*'
+export MSYS2_ARG_CONV_EXCL
+script=$(cygpath -w "$(dirname "$0")/cx.ps1" 2>/dev/null) || script="$(dirname "$0")/cx.ps1"
+exec powershell -NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File "$script" "$@"

package/bin/cx.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+@echo off
+:: SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
+:: win-nice: managed-file
+:: A literal "%" in any argument gets corrupted here - see cap.bat for why (a
+:: cmd.exe batch-parameter quirk, not fixable from inside a .bat). Every other
+:: cmd.exe metacharacter (&|<>^) survives this hop untouched. Invoking "cx" bare
+:: from an actual PowerShell session skips this file (cx.ps1 preferred).
+codex --dangerously-bypass-approvals-and-sandbox %*