visaljs 0.0.7 → 0.0.9

package/node/prelude/fs.js

@@ -1,26 +1,30 @@
-// node:fs (ADR 0012, layer 3): the synchronous file API, over the host primitives, and the
-// callback API, stat's and readdir's, and read streams over it. Contents are Buffers without an
-// encoding, else strings in any of Buffer's encodings. A callback runs on a later tick, as
-// Node's, though the I/O itself happened synchronously (so do node:fs/promises').
-import { errnoName, fsExists, fsReadAt, fsReaddir, fsReadFile, fsStat, fsUnlink, fsWriteFile } from "visaljs:host";
-import { codeError, invalidArgType, invalidArgValue, notSupported, systemError, validateFunction } from "./internal/errors.js";
-import { Readable } from "./stream.js";
+// node:fs: the synchronous file API, over the host primitives, and the callback API over it.
+// Arguments are checked as Node's lib/fs.js checks them, in its order, with its errors
+// (internal/fs_utils.js): a callback function's errors in its arguments are thrown, as Node's,
+// and only the operation's outcome reaches the callback, on a later tick, though the I/O itself
+// happened synchronously (so do node:fs/promises'). Contents are Buffers without an encoding,
+// else strings in any of Buffer's encodings.
+import {
+  errnoName, fsCall, fsClose, fsConstants, fsExists, fsMkdir, fsOpen, fsRead, fsReaddir, fsReadFile, fsRealpath, fsStat, fsUnlink, fsUtimes, fsWrite,
+} from "visaljs:host";
+import { systemError } from "./internal/errors.js";
+import { lazyClass, lazyConstructor, lazyFunction } from "./internal/features.js";
+import {
+  copyObject, emitRecursiveRmdirWarning, getOptions, getValidatedFd, getValidatedPath, getValidMode, kIoMaxLength, kMaxUserId, parseFileMode,
+  rmIsDirectory, stringToFlags, toUnixTimestamp, validateBufferArray, validateOffsetLengthRead, validateOffsetLengthWrite, validatePosition,
+  validateRmdirOptions, validateRmOptionsShape, validateStringAfterArrayBufferView, warnOnNonPortableTemplate,
+} from "./internal/fs_utils.js";
+import { AbortError, codes } from "./internal/streams/errors.js";
+import {
+  kEmptyObject, validateBoolean, validateBuffer, validateFunction, validateInteger, validateObject, validateOneOf,
+} from "./internal/streams/validators.js";
+import { Stats, statsFrom } from "./internal/fs_stats.js";
+import { dirname, resolve } from "./path.js";
 
-function validatePath(path) {
-  if (typeof path !== "string") {
-    if (typeof path === "number") throw notSupported("A file descriptor as a path");
-    if (typeof URL === "function" && path instanceof URL) throw notSupported("A file: URL as a path");
-    throw invalidArgType("path", "of type string or an instance of Buffer or URL", path);
-  }
-  if (path.indexOf("\u0000") !== -1) throw invalidArgValue("path", "must be a string without null bytes", path);
-}
+const { ERR_FS_FILE_TOO_LARGE, ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE } = codes;
 
-function encodingOf(options) {
-  if (options == null) return undefined;
-  if (typeof options === "string") return options;
-  if (typeof options === "object") return options.encoding ?? undefined;
-  throw invalidArgType("options", "one of type string or an instance of Object", options);
-}
+/* a file descriptor where a path may be (readFile, writeFile, appendFile) */
+const isFd = (path) => path === (path | 0);
 
 function isUtf8(encoding) {
   return encoding === "utf8" || encoding === "utf-8" || encoding === "UTF8" || encoding === "UTF-8";
@@ -31,94 +35,535 @@ function check(result, syscall, path) {
   return result;
 }
 
-function validateEncodingName(encoding) {
-  if (encoding !== undefined && encoding !== "buffer" && !Buffer.isEncoding(encoding)) {
-    throw codeError(TypeError, "ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE", "The argument 'encoding' is invalid encoding. Received '" + encoding + "'");
+/* a call that returns a number, an fd or a count, when it succeeds: negative is -errno */
+function checkCount(result, syscall, path) {
+  if (result < 0) throw systemError(result, syscall, path);
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* a name as the encoding asks: a string, or a Buffer for "buffer" */
+function encoded(name, encoding) {
+  return encoding == null || isUtf8(encoding) ? name : encoding === "buffer" ? Buffer.from(name) : Buffer.from(name).toString(encoding);
+}
+
+/* ---- the callback API: the arguments checked, then the work, its outcome on a later tick ---- */
+
+function makeCallback(cb) {
+  validateFunction(cb, "cb");
+  return cb;
+}
+
+/* the operation now, its result or error to the callback on a later turn of the event loop, as
+ * Node's request completes (timers run between a stream's reads, as in Node) */
+function defer(callback, fn, ...args) {
+  let result, error = null;
+  try {
+    result = fn(...args);
+  } catch (e) {
+    error = e;
+  }
+  /* a call without a result gives the callback only its error (null), as Node's */
+  setImmediate(() => (error ? callback(error) : result === undefined ? callback(null) : callback(null, result)));
+}
+
+function checkAborted(signal, callback) {
+  if (signal?.aborted) {
+    callback(new AbortError(undefined, { cause: signal.reason }));
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* ---- open, close, read, write ------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+function doOpen(path, flags, mode) {
+  return checkCount(fsOpen(path, flags, mode), "open", path);
+}
+
+export function openSync(path, flags, mode) {
+  return doOpen(getValidatedPath(path), stringToFlags(flags), parseFileMode(mode, "mode", 0o666));
+}
+
+export function open(path, flags, mode, callback) {
+  path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  if (arguments.length < 3) {
+    callback = flags;
+    flags = "r";
+    mode = 0o666;
+  } else if (typeof mode === "function") {
+    callback = mode;
+    mode = 0o666;
+  } else {
+    mode = parseFileMode(mode, "mode", 0o666);
+  }
+  const flagsNumber = stringToFlags(flags);
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  defer(callback, doOpen, path, flagsNumber, mode);
+}
+
+function doClose(fd) {
+  check(fsClose(fd), "close");
+}
+
+export function closeSync(fd) {
+  doClose(getValidatedFd(fd));
+}
+
+function defaultCloseCallback(err) {
+  if (err != null) throw err;
+}
+
+export function close(fd, callback = defaultCloseCallback) {
+  if (callback !== defaultCloseCallback) callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  defer(callback, doClose, getValidatedFd(fd));
+}
+
+/* a position as the host takes it: -1 for the current one */
+const hostPosition = (position) => (position == null || position === -1 ? -1 : Number(position));
+
+function doRead(fd, buffer, offset, length, position) {
+  return checkCount(fsRead(fd, buffer, offset, length, hostPosition(position)), "read");
+}
+
+/** readSync(fd, buffer, offset, length, position) or readSync(fd, buffer, { offset, length, position }):
+ *  the bytes read, 0 at the end of the file. */
+export function readSync(fd, buffer, offsetOrOptions, length, position) {
+  fd = getValidatedFd(fd);
+  validateBuffer(buffer);
+  let offset = offsetOrOptions;
+  if (arguments.length <= 3 || typeof offsetOrOptions === "object") {
+    if (offsetOrOptions !== undefined && offsetOrOptions !== null) validateObject(offsetOrOptions, "options");
+    ({ offset = 0, length = buffer.byteLength - offset, position = null } = offsetOrOptions ?? kEmptyObject);
+  }
+  if (offset === undefined) offset = 0;
+  else validateInteger(offset, "offset", 0);
+  length |= 0;
+  if (position == null) position = -1;
+  else validatePosition(position, "position", length);
+  if (length === 0) return 0;
+  if (buffer.byteLength === 0) throw new ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE("buffer", buffer, "is empty and cannot be written");
+  validateOffsetLengthRead(offset, length, buffer.byteLength);
+  return doRead(fd, buffer, offset, length, position);
+}
+
+/** read(fd, buffer, offset, length, position, callback), read(fd, buffer, options, callback),
+ *  read(fd, options, callback) or read(fd, callback): the callback gets the bytes read and the buffer. */
+export function read(fd, buffer, offsetOrOptions, length, position, callback) {
+  fd = getValidatedFd(fd);
+  let offset = offsetOrOptions;
+  let params = null;
+  if (arguments.length <= 4) {
+    if (arguments.length === 4) {
+      if (offsetOrOptions !== null) validateObject(offsetOrOptions, "options");
+      callback = length;
+      params = offsetOrOptions;
+    } else if (arguments.length === 3) {
+      if (!ArrayBuffer.isView(buffer)) {
+        params = buffer;
+        ({ buffer = Buffer.alloc(16384) } = params ?? kEmptyObject);
+      }
+      callback = offsetOrOptions;
+    } else {
+      callback = buffer;
+      buffer = Buffer.alloc(16384);
+    }
+    if (params !== undefined && params !== null) validateObject(params, "options");
+    ({ offset = 0, length = buffer?.byteLength - offset, position = null } = params ?? kEmptyObject);
+  }
+  validateBuffer(buffer);
+  validateFunction(callback, "cb");
+  if (offset == null) offset = 0;
+  else validateInteger(offset, "offset", 0);
+  length |= 0;
+  if (position == null) position = -1;
+  else validatePosition(position, "position", length);
+  if (length === 0) return process.nextTick(() => callback(null, 0, buffer));
+  if (buffer.byteLength === 0) throw new ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE("buffer", buffer, "is empty and cannot be written");
+  validateOffsetLengthRead(offset, length, buffer.byteLength);
+  defer((err, bytesRead) => callback(err, bytesRead || 0, buffer), doRead, fd, buffer, offset, length, position);
+}
+
+function doWrite(fd, buffer, offset, length, position) {
+  return checkCount(fsWrite(fd, buffer, offset, length, typeof position === "number" ? position : -1), "write");
+}
+
+/* Node's validateEncoding: hex takes whole bytes */
+function validateEncoding(data, encoding) {
+  if (typeof encoding === "string" && encoding.toLowerCase() === "hex" && data.length % 2 !== 0) {
+    throw new ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE("encoding", encoding, `is invalid for data of length ${data.length}`);
+  }
+}
+
+/* a string's bytes in an encoding (an unknown one is UTF-8, as Node's binding takes it) */
+const stringBytes = (string, encoding) => Buffer.from(string, typeof encoding === "string" && Buffer.isEncoding(encoding) ? encoding : "utf8");
+
+/** writeSync(fd, buffer, offset?, length?, position?) or writeSync(fd, string, position?, encoding?):
+ *  the bytes written. A position that isn't a number writes at the current offset. */
+export function writeSync(fd, buffer, offsetOrOptions, length, position) {
+  fd = getValidatedFd(fd);
+  let offset = offsetOrOptions;
+  if (ArrayBuffer.isView(buffer)) {
+    if (typeof offset === "object") {
+      ({ offset = 0, length = buffer.byteLength - offset, position = null } = offsetOrOptions ?? kEmptyObject);
+    }
+    if (position === undefined) position = null;
+    if (offset == null) offset = 0;
+    else validateInteger(offset, "offset", 0);
+    if (typeof length !== "number") length = buffer.byteLength - offset;
+    validateOffsetLengthWrite(offset, length, buffer.byteLength);
+    return doWrite(fd, buffer, offset, length, position);
+  }
+  validateStringAfterArrayBufferView(buffer, "buffer");
+  validateEncoding(buffer, length);
+  const bytes = stringBytes(buffer, length);
+  return doWrite(fd, bytes, 0, bytes.length, offset);
+}
+
+/** write(fd, buffer, offset?, length?, position?, callback) or write(fd, string, position?,
+ *  encoding?, callback): the callback gets the bytes written and the data. */
+export function write(fd, buffer, offsetOrOptions, length, position, callback) {
+  const wrapper = (err, written) => callback(err, written || 0, buffer);
+  fd = getValidatedFd(fd);
+  let offset = offsetOrOptions;
+  if (ArrayBuffer.isView(buffer)) {
+    callback ||= position || length || offset;
+    validateFunction(callback, "cb");
+    if (typeof offset === "object") {
+      ({ offset = 0, length = buffer.byteLength - offset, position = null } = offsetOrOptions ?? kEmptyObject);
+    }
+    if (offset == null || typeof offset === "function") offset = 0;
+    else validateInteger(offset, "offset", 0);
+    if (typeof length !== "number") length = buffer.byteLength - offset;
+    if (typeof position !== "number") position = null;
+    validateOffsetLengthWrite(offset, length, buffer.byteLength);
+    return defer(wrapper, doWrite, fd, buffer, offset, length, position);
+  }
+  validateStringAfterArrayBufferView(buffer, "buffer");
+  if (typeof position !== "function") {
+    if (typeof offset === "function") {
+      position = offset;
+      offset = null;
+    } else {
+      position = length;
+    }
+    length = "utf8";
+  }
+  validateEncoding(buffer, length);
+  callback = position;
+  validateFunction(callback, "cb");
+  const bytes = stringBytes(buffer, length);
+  defer(wrapper, doWrite, fd, bytes, 0, bytes.length, offset);
+}
+
+/* the buffers, in turn, from a position (or the current offset): the bytes moved */
+function vectored(fn, syscall, fd, buffers, position) {
+  let total = 0;
+  let at = typeof position === "number" ? position : -1;
+  for (const buffer of buffers) {
+    const n = checkCount(fn(fd, buffer, 0, buffer.byteLength, at), syscall);
+    total += n;
+    if (at >= 0) at += n;
+    if (n < buffer.byteLength) break;  /* the end of the file */
+  }
+  return total;
+}
+
+/** readvSync(fd, buffers[, position]): the bytes read into the buffers, in turn. */
+export function readvSync(fd, buffers, position) {
+  fd = getValidatedFd(fd);
+  validateBufferArray(buffers);
+  return vectored(fsRead, "read", fd, buffers, position);
+}
+
+/** writevSync(fd, buffers[, position]): the bytes written from the buffers, in turn. */
+export function writevSync(fd, buffers, position) {
+  fd = getValidatedFd(fd);
+  validateBufferArray(buffers);
+  if (buffers.length === 0) return 0;
+  return vectored(fsWrite, "write", fd, buffers, position);
+}
+
+export function readv(fd, buffers, position, callback) {
+  fd = getValidatedFd(fd);
+  validateBufferArray(buffers);
+  callback ||= position;
+  validateFunction(callback, "cb");
+  defer((err, n) => callback(err, n || 0, buffers), vectored, fsRead, "read", fd, buffers, position);
+}
+
+export function writev(fd, buffers, position, callback) {
+  fd = getValidatedFd(fd);
+  validateBufferArray(buffers);
+  callback ||= position;
+  validateFunction(callback, "cb");
+  if (buffers.length === 0) return process.nextTick(callback, null, 0, buffers);
+  defer((err, n) => callback(err, n || 0, buffers), vectored, fsWrite, "write", fd, buffers, position);
+}
+
+/* ---- whole files ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* a file's contents from an open descriptor: the size fstat gives (0 for what isn't a regular file:
+ * read to the end) */
+function readAll(fd) {
+  const st = fsCall(FS_FSTAT, fd);
+  const size = Array.isArray(st) && (st[0] & S_IFMT) === S_IFREG ? st[1] : 0;
+  if (size > kIoMaxLength) throw new ERR_FS_FILE_TOO_LARGE(size);
+  if (size !== 0) {
+    const buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(size);
+    let pos = 0, n;
+    do {
+      n = doRead(fd, buffer, pos, size - pos, -1);
+      pos += n;
+    } while (n !== 0 && pos < size);
+    return pos < size ? buffer.subarray(0, pos) : buffer;
+  }
+  const chunks = [];
+  let n;
+  do {
+    const chunk = Buffer.allocUnsafe(8192);
+    n = doRead(fd, chunk, 0, 8192, -1);
+    if (n !== 0) chunks.push(chunk.subarray(0, n));
+  } while (n !== 0);
+  return Buffer.concat(chunks);
+}
+
+/* readFile's work, its options checked: a path read with the host's readFile when opened for reading
+ * (the common case), else opened and read, or an fd read from where it is */
+function doReadFile(path, options) {
+  const encoding = options.encoding;
+  let contents;
+  if (!isFd(path) && stringToFlags(options.flag) === O_RDONLY) {
+    const asText = encoding != null && isUtf8(encoding);
+    const result = fsReadFile(path, !asText);
+    if (typeof result === "number") {
+      const code = errnoName(result);
+      /* opening a directory succeeds; reading it fails: Node reports that read, without a path */
+      if (code === "EISDIR") throw systemError(result, "read");
+      if (code === "EFBIG") throw new ERR_FS_FILE_TOO_LARGE(statSync(path).size);
+    }
+    contents = check(result, "open", path);
+    if (asText) return contents;
+  } else if (isFd(path)) {
+    contents = readAll(path);
+  } else {
+    const fd = doOpen(path, stringToFlags(options.flag), 0o666);
+    try {
+      contents = readAll(fd);
+    } finally {
+      doClose(fd);
+    }
   }
+  return encoding == null || encoding === "buffer" ? contents : contents.toString(encoding);
 }
 
 export function readFileSync(path, options) {
-  validatePath(path);
-  const encoding = encodingOf(options);
-  validateEncodingName(encoding);
-  const asText = encoding !== undefined && isUtf8(encoding);
-  const result = fsReadFile(path, !asText);
-  /* opening a directory succeeds; reading it fails: Node reports that read, without a path */
-  if (typeof result === "number" && errnoName(result) === "EISDIR") throw systemError(result, "read");
-  const contents = check(result, "open", path);
-  return asText || encoding === undefined || encoding === "buffer" ? contents : contents.toString(encoding);
+  options = getOptions(options, { flag: "r" });
+  if (!isFd(path)) path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  return doReadFile(path, options);
 }
 
-function write(path, data, options, append) {
-  validatePath(path);
-  if (typeof data !== "string" && !ArrayBuffer.isView(data)) {
-    throw invalidArgType("data", "of type string or an instance of Buffer, TypedArray, or DataView", data);
+export function readFile(path, options, callback) {
+  callback ||= options;
+  validateFunction(callback, "cb");
+  options = getOptions(options, { flag: "r" });
+  if (!isFd(path)) {
+    if (checkAborted(options.signal, callback)) return;
+    stringToFlags(options.flag, "options.flag");
+    path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  }
+  /* on a later turn of the event loop, as Node's opens and reads on its thread pool: an abort before
+   * then stops it */
+  setImmediate(() => {
+    if (checkAborted(options.signal, callback)) return;
+    defer(callback, doReadFile, path, options);
+  });
+}
+
+/* writeFile's work, its data as bytes or a string and its options checked. With `flush`, the file is
+ * synced through fs.fsyncSync (a program may replace it, as Node's calls it); `keepOpen` leaves the
+ * descriptor open and unsynced, returned for the callback API's fs.fsync. */
+function doWriteFile(path, data, options, keepOpen = false) {
+  const flag = options.flag || "w";
+  const flush = options.flush ?? false;
+  /* opened, written and closed: an error names the call that failed, as Node's */
+  if (typeof data === "string") data = Buffer.from(data, options.encoding || "utf8");
+  const userFd = isFd(path);
+  const fd = userFd ? path : doOpen(path, stringToFlags(flag), parseFileMode(options.mode, "mode", 0o666));
+  try {
+    let offset = 0, length = data.byteLength;
+    while (length > 0) {
+      const written = doWrite(fd, data, offset, length, null);
+      offset += written;
+      length -= written;
+    }
+    if (keepOpen) return fd;
+    if (flush) fs.fsyncSync(fd);
+  } catch (e) {
+    keepOpen = false;
+    throw e;
+  } finally {
+    if (!userFd && !keepOpen) doClose(fd);
   }
-  const encoding = encodingOf(options);
-  validateEncodingName(encoding);
-  if (typeof data === "string" && encoding !== undefined && encoding !== "buffer" && !isUtf8(encoding)) data = Buffer.from(data, encoding);
-  const flag = options != null && typeof options === "object" ? options.flag : undefined;
-  check(fsWriteFile(path, data, append || flag === "a"), "open", path);
 }
 
+const writeFileDefaults = { encoding: "utf8", mode: 0o666, flag: "w", flush: false };
+
 export function writeFileSync(path, data, options) {
-  write(path, data, options, false);
+  options = getOptions(options, writeFileDefaults);
+  validateBoolean(options.flush ?? false, "options.flush");
+  if (!(typeof data === "string" && isUtf8(options.encoding))) {
+    if (!ArrayBuffer.isView(data)) {
+      validateStringAfterArrayBufferView(data, "data");
+      data = Buffer.from(data, options.encoding || "utf8");
+    }
+  }
+  if (!isFd(path)) path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  doWriteFile(path, data, options);
+}
+
+export function writeFile(path, data, options, callback) {
+  callback ||= options;
+  validateFunction(callback, "cb");
+  options = getOptions(options, writeFileDefaults);
+  validateBoolean(options.flush ?? false, "options.flush");
+  if (!ArrayBuffer.isView(data)) {
+    validateStringAfterArrayBufferView(data, "data");
+    data = Buffer.from(data, options.encoding || "utf8");
+  }
+  if (!isFd(path)) {
+    if (checkAborted(options.signal, callback)) return;
+    path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  }
+  /* on a later turn of the event loop, as Node's opens and writes on its thread pool: an abort before
+   * then stops it */
+  setImmediate(() => {
+    if (checkAborted(options.signal, callback)) return;
+    if (!options.flush) return defer(callback, doWriteFile, path, data, options);
+    /* the flush through fs.fsync, then the close, as Node's writeAll */
+    let fd;
+    try {
+      fd = doWriteFile(path, data, options, true);
+    } catch (e) {
+      return process.nextTick(callback, e);
+    }
+    fs.fsync(fd, (err) => {
+      if (!isFd(path)) {
+        try {
+          doClose(fd);
+        } catch (e) {
+          err ??= e;
+        }
+      }
+      callback(err ?? null);
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+function appendOptions(path, options) {
+  options = copyObject(getOptions(options, { encoding: "utf8", mode: 0o666, flag: "a" }));
+  if (!options.flag || isFd(path)) options.flag = "a";
+  return options;
 }
 
 export function appendFileSync(path, data, options) {
-  write(path, data, options, true);
+  writeFileSync(path, data, appendOptions(path, options));
+}
+
+export function appendFile(path, data, options, callback) {
+  callback ||= options;
+  validateFunction(callback, "cb");
+  writeFile(path, data, appendOptions(path, options), callback);
 }
 
+let showExistsDeprecation = true;
 export function existsSync(path) {
-  if (typeof path !== "string" || path.indexOf("\u0000") !== -1) return false;
+  try {
+    path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  } catch (err) {
+    /* Node 24: a type no path can be, deprecated (DEP0187), warning once */
+    if (showExistsDeprecation && err?.code === "ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE") {
+      process.emitWarning("Passing invalid argument types to fs.existsSync is deprecated", "DeprecationWarning", "DEP0187");
+      showExistsDeprecation = false;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
   return fsExists(path);
 }
 
-export function unlinkSync(path) {
-  validatePath(path);
-  check(fsUnlink(path), "unlink", path);
+/** Deprecated in Node: the callback gets only whether the path exists. */
+export function exists(path, callback) {
+  validateFunction(callback, "cb");
+  let result;
+  try {
+    result = fsCall(FS_ACCESS, getValidatedPath(path), F_OK) === undefined;
+  } catch {
+    return callback(false);
+  }
+  process.nextTick(() => callback(result));
 }
 
 /* ---- stat ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
-const S_IFMT = 0o170000, S_IFREG = 0o100000, S_IFDIR = 0o040000, S_IFLNK = 0o120000, S_IFIFO = 0o010000,
-  S_IFSOCK = 0o140000, S_IFCHR = 0o020000, S_IFBLK = 0o060000;
+const S_IFMT = 0o170000, S_IFREG = 0o100000, S_IFDIR = 0o040000;
 
-export class Stats {
-  constructor(dev, mode, nlink, uid, gid, rdev, blksize, ino, size, blocks, atimeMs, mtimeMs, ctimeMs, birthtimeMs) {
-    Object.assign(this, { dev, mode, nlink, uid, gid, rdev, blksize, ino, size, blocks, atimeMs, mtimeMs, ctimeMs, birthtimeMs });
-    this.atime = new Date(atimeMs);
-    this.mtime = new Date(mtimeMs);
-    this.ctime = new Date(ctimeMs);
-    this.birthtime = new Date(birthtimeMs);
-  }
-
-  isFile() { return (this.mode & S_IFMT) === S_IFREG; }
-  isDirectory() { return (this.mode & S_IFMT) === S_IFDIR; }
-  isSymbolicLink() { return (this.mode & S_IFMT) === S_IFLNK; }
-  isFIFO() { return (this.mode & S_IFMT) === S_IFIFO; }
-  isSocket() { return (this.mode & S_IFMT) === S_IFSOCK; }
-  isCharacterDevice() { return (this.mode & S_IFMT) === S_IFCHR; }
-  isBlockDevice() { return (this.mode & S_IFMT) === S_IFBLK; }
-}
+export { Stats };
 
-function statOf(path, options, follow, syscall) {
-  validatePath(path);
+function doStat(path, follow, syscall, bigint, throwIfNoEntry) {
   const r = fsStat(path, follow);
   if (typeof r === "number") {
-    if (options?.throwIfNoEntry === false && errnoName(r) === "ENOENT") return undefined;
+    if (throwIfNoEntry === false && errnoName(r) === "ENOENT") return undefined;
     throw systemError(r, syscall, path);
   }
-  const [mode, size, mtimeMs, atimeMs, ctimeMs, birthtimeMs, ino, dev, nlink, uid, gid, rdev, blksize, blocks] = r;
-  return new Stats(dev, mode, nlink, uid, gid, rdev, blksize, ino, size, blocks, atimeMs, mtimeMs, ctimeMs, birthtimeMs);
+  return statsFrom(r, bigint);
 }
 
-export function statSync(path, options) {
-  return statOf(path, options, true, "stat");
+function doFstat(fd, bigint) {
+  return statsFrom(check(fsCall(FS_FSTAT, fd), "fstat"), bigint);
 }
 
-export function lstatSync(path, options) {
-  return statOf(path, options, false, "lstat");
+export function statSync(path, options = { bigint: false, throwIfNoEntry: true }) {
+  return doStat(getValidatedPath(path), true, "stat", options.bigint, options.throwIfNoEntry);
+}
+
+export function lstatSync(path, options = { bigint: false, throwIfNoEntry: true }) {
+  return doStat(getValidatedPath(path), false, "lstat", options.bigint, options.throwIfNoEntry);
+}
+
+export function fstatSync(fd, options = { bigint: false }) {
+  return doFstat(getValidatedFd(fd), options.bigint);
+}
+
+export function stat(path, options = { bigint: false, throwIfNoEntry: true }, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === "function") {
+    callback = options;
+    options = kEmptyObject;
+  } else if (options === null || typeof options !== "object") {
+    options = kEmptyObject;
+  } else {
+    options = getOptions(options, { bigint: false });
+  }
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  if (checkAborted(options.signal, callback)) return;
+  defer(callback, doStat, path, true, "stat", options.bigint, options.throwIfNoEntry);
+}
+
+export function lstat(path, options = { bigint: false }, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === "function") {
+    callback = options;
+    options = kEmptyObject;
+  }
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  defer(callback, doStat, getValidatedPath(path), false, "lstat", options.bigint, true);
+}
+
+export function fstat(fd, options = { bigint: false }, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === "function") {
+    callback = options;
+    options = kEmptyObject;
+  }
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  defer(callback, doFstat, getValidatedFd(fd), options.bigint);
 }
 
 /* ---- readdir ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
@@ -132,7 +577,6 @@ export class Dirent {
   constructor(name, type, path) {
     this.name = name;
     this.parentPath = path;
-    this.path = path;
     this[kType] = type;
   }
 
@@ -145,107 +589,650 @@ export class Dirent {
   isBlockDevice() { return this[kType] === UV_DIRENT_BLOCK; }
 }
 
-export function readdirSync(path, options) {
-  validatePath(path);
-  if (options?.recursive) throw notSupported("readdir's recursive option");
-  const encoding = encodingOf(options);
-  validateEncodingName(encoding);
-  const r = check(fsReaddir(path), "scandir", path);
-  const names = [], types = [];
-  for (let i = 0; i < r.length; i += 2) {
-    names.push(r[i]);
-    types.push(r[i + 1]);
-  }
+function doReaddir(path, options) {
+  const encoding = options.encoding;
   /* in libuv's order, as Node's (it lists them through libuv too) */
-  const named = (name) => (encoding === undefined || isUtf8(encoding) ? name : encoding === "buffer" ? Buffer.from(name) : Buffer.from(name).toString(encoding));
-  if (options?.withFileTypes) return names.map((name, i) => new Dirent(named(name), types[i], path));
-  return names.map(named);
+  const list = (dir) => {
+    const r = check(fsReaddir(dir), "scandir", dir);
+    const entries = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < r.length; i += 2) entries.push([r[i], r[i + 1]]);
+    return entries;
+  };
+  if (!options.recursive) {
+    if (options.withFileTypes) return list(path).map(([name, type]) => new Dirent(encoded(name, encoding), type, path));
+    return list(path).map(([name]) => encoded(name, encoding));
+  }
+  /* Node's readdirSyncRecursive: each directory's entries, then the directories found, in turn;
+   * names relative to path. It goes into what stat (following links) says is a directory */
+  const results = [];
+  const queue = [[path, ""]];
+  for (let i = 0; i < queue.length; i++) {
+    const [dir, relative] = queue[i];
+    for (const [name, type] of list(dir)) {
+      const full = dir.endsWith("/") ? dir + name : dir + "/" + name;
+      const rel = relative ? relative + "/" + name : name;
+      results.push(options.withFileTypes ? new Dirent(encoded(name, encoding), type, dir) : encoded(rel, encoding));
+      const st = type === UV_DIRENT_DIR ? null : type === UV_DIRENT_LINK || type === 0 ? fsStat(full, true) : undefined;
+      if (st === null || (Array.isArray(st) && (st[0] & S_IFMT) === S_IFDIR)) queue.push([full, rel]);
+    }
+  }
+  return results;
 }
 
-/* ---- the callback API: the synchronous call, its outcome on a later tick ------------ */
+function readdirOptions(options) {
+  options = getOptions(options);
+  if (options.recursive != null) validateBoolean(options.recursive, "options.recursive");
+  return options;
+}
 
-function later(fn, args, callback) {
-  validateFunction(callback, "cb");
-  let result, error = null;
-  try {
-    result = fn(...args);
-  } catch (e) {
-    error = e;
+export function readdirSync(path, options) {
+  options = readdirOptions(options);
+  return doReaddir(getValidatedPath(path), options);
+}
+
+export function readdir(path, options, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(typeof options === "function" ? options : callback);
+  options = readdirOptions(options);
+  defer(callback, doReaddir, getValidatedPath(path), options);
+}
+
+/* ---- realpath, mkdir, mkdtemp ------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/** The canonical path. Node's own realpathSync walks the path with lstat, so its errors name the
+ *  lstat of the first missing part, absolute; realpathSync.native's name the realpath call. */
+function doRealpath(path, encoding) {
+  const r = fsRealpath(path);
+  if (typeof r === "number") {
+    const parts = resolve(path).split("/");
+    for (let i = 2; i <= parts.length; i++) {
+      const prefix = parts.slice(0, i).join("/");
+      const st = fsStat(prefix, false);
+      if (typeof st === "number") throw systemError(st, "lstat", prefix);
+    }
+    throw systemError(r, "realpath", path);
   }
-  process.nextTick(() => (error ? callback(error) : callback(null, result)));
+  return encoded(r, encoding);
+}
+
+function doRealpathNative(path, encoding) {
+  return encoded(check(fsRealpath(path), "realpath", path), encoding);
+}
+
+export function realpathSync(path, options) {
+  options = getOptions(options);
+  return doRealpath(getValidatedPath(path), options.encoding);
 }
 
-const withCallback = (fn) => (path, options, callback) => {
-  if (typeof options === "function") later(fn, [path], options);
-  else later(fn, [path, options], callback);
+realpathSync.native = function realpathSync(path, options) {
+  options = getOptions(options);
+  return doRealpathNative(getValidatedPath(path), options.encoding);
 };
 
-export const readFile = withCallback(readFileSync);
-export const stat = withCallback(statSync);
-export const lstat = withCallback(lstatSync);
-export const readdir = withCallback(readdirSync);
+export function realpath(path, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === "function") callback = options;
+  else validateFunction(callback, "cb");
+  options = getOptions(options);
+  defer(callback, doRealpath, getValidatedPath(path), options.encoding);
+}
 
-export function writeFile(path, data, options, callback) {
-  if (typeof options === "function") later(writeFileSync, [path, data], options);
-  else later(writeFileSync, [path, data, options], callback);
+realpath.native = function realpath(path, options, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(typeof options === "function" ? options : callback);
+  options = getOptions(options);
+  defer(callback, doRealpathNative, getValidatedPath(path), options.encoding);
+};
+
+/** Creates the directory; with `recursive`, its missing parents too, returning the first one
+ *  created (undefined if it all existed). */
+function doMkdir(path, mode, recursive) {
+  if (!recursive) {
+    check(fsMkdir(path, mode), "mkdir", path);
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const missing = [];
+  for (let p = path; ; p = dirname(p)) {
+    const st = fsStat(p, true);
+    if (typeof st !== "number") {
+      /* a file where a directory goes: the OS's error (EEXIST for the path itself, else ENOTDIR) */
+      if ((st[0] & S_IFMT) !== S_IFDIR) throw systemError(fsMkdir(path, mode), "mkdir", path);
+      break;
+    }
+    missing.push(p);
+    if (dirname(p) === p) break;
+  }
+  for (let i = missing.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    const r = fsMkdir(missing[i], mode);
+    if (typeof r === "number" && errnoName(r) !== "EEXIST") throw systemError(r, "mkdir", path);
+  }
+  return missing.length ? missing[missing.length - 1] : undefined;
+}
+
+/* mkdir's options: [mode, recursive] */
+function mkdirOptions(options) {
+  let mode = 0o777;
+  let recursive = false;
+  if (typeof options === "number" || typeof options === "string") {
+    mode = parseFileMode(options, "mode");
+  } else if (options) {
+    if (options.recursive !== undefined) {
+      recursive = options.recursive;
+      validateBoolean(recursive, "options.recursive");
+    }
+    if (options.mode !== undefined) mode = parseFileMode(options.mode, "options.mode");
+  }
+  return [mode, recursive];
+}
+
+export function mkdirSync(path, options) {
+  const [mode, recursive] = mkdirOptions(options);
+  return doMkdir(getValidatedPath(path), mode, recursive);
+}
+
+export function mkdir(path, options, callback) {
+  const [mode, recursive] = typeof options === "function" ? [0o777, false] : mkdirOptions(options);
+  if (typeof options === "function") callback = options;
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  defer(callback, doMkdir, getValidatedPath(path), mode, recursive);
+}
+
+/** A new directory named `prefix` and six random characters: its path. */
+function doMkdtemp(prefix, encoding) {
+  const template = prefix + "XXXXXX";
+  return encoded(check(fsCall(FS_MKDTEMP, template), "mkdtemp", template), encoding);
+}
+
+export function mkdtempSync(prefix, options) {
+  options = getOptions(options);
+  prefix = getValidatedPath(prefix, "prefix");
+  warnOnNonPortableTemplate(prefix);
+  return doMkdtemp(prefix, options.encoding);
+}
+
+export function mkdtemp(prefix, options, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(typeof options === "function" ? options : callback);
+  options = getOptions(options);
+  prefix = getValidatedPath(prefix, "prefix");
+  warnOnNonPortableTemplate(prefix);
+  defer(callback, doMkdtemp, prefix, options.encoding);
+}
+
+/** mkdtempSync's directory with a way to remove it, and what it holds: remove(), or a `using`
+ *  declaration (Symbol.dispose). */
+export function mkdtempDisposableSync(prefix, options) {
+  const path = mkdtempSync(prefix, options);
+  const fullPath = resolve(process.cwd(), `${path}`);
+  const remove = () => removeTree(fullPath, true);
+  return { path, remove, [Symbol.dispose]() { remove(); } };
+}
+
+/* ---- utimes ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+function doUtimes(path, atime, mtime) {
+  check(fsUtimes(path, atime, mtime), "utime", path);
+}
+
+function doFutimes(fd, atime, mtime) {
+  check(fsCall(FS_FUTIME, fd, atime, mtime), "futime");
+}
+
+function doLutimes(path, atime, mtime) {
+  check(fsCall(FS_LUTIME, path, atime, mtime), "lutime", path);
+}
+
+export function utimesSync(path, atime, mtime) {
+  doUtimes(getValidatedPath(path), toUnixTimestamp(atime), toUnixTimestamp(mtime));
+}
+
+export function utimes(path, atime, mtime, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  defer(callback, doUtimes, path, toUnixTimestamp(atime), toUnixTimestamp(mtime));
+}
+
+export function futimesSync(fd, atime, mtime) {
+  doFutimes(getValidatedFd(fd), toUnixTimestamp(atime, "atime"), toUnixTimestamp(mtime, "mtime"));
+}
+
+export function futimes(fd, atime, mtime, callback) {
+  atime = toUnixTimestamp(atime, "atime");
+  mtime = toUnixTimestamp(mtime, "mtime");
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  defer(callback, doFutimes, getValidatedFd(fd), atime, mtime);
+}
+
+export function lutimesSync(path, atime, mtime) {
+  doLutimes(getValidatedPath(path), toUnixTimestamp(atime), toUnixTimestamp(mtime));
+}
+
+export function lutimes(path, atime, mtime, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  defer(callback, doLutimes, path, toUnixTimestamp(atime), toUnixTimestamp(mtime));
+}
+
+/* ---- the other system calls, through fsCall ------------------------------------------ */
+
+/* fsCall's operations (host_fs.c) */
+const FS_RENAME = 0, FS_LINK = 1, FS_SYMLINK = 2, FS_READLINK = 3, FS_RMDIR = 4, FS_CHMOD = 5, FS_FCHMOD = 6, FS_CHOWN = 7,
+  FS_FCHOWN = 8, FS_LCHOWN = 9, FS_FSYNC = 10, FS_FDATASYNC = 11, FS_FTRUNCATE = 12, FS_FUTIME = 13, FS_LUTIME = 14,
+  FS_COPYFILE = 15, FS_MKDTEMP = 16, FS_ACCESS = 17, FS_FSTAT = 18;
+
+/* a call naming a path (`chmod 'a'`), or a descriptor, its error naming the call alone */
+function pathCall(op, syscall, path, a, b) {
+  check(fsCall(op, path, a, b), syscall, path);
+}
+
+function fdCall(op, syscall, fd, a, b) {
+  check(fsCall(op, fd, a, b), syscall);
+}
+
+/* a call naming two paths: its error names both (`rename 'a' -> 'b'`) */
+function twoPaths(op, syscall, from, to, extra) {
+  const r = fsCall(op, from, to, extra);
+  if (typeof r === "number") throw systemError(r, syscall, from, to);
+}
+
+export function renameSync(oldPath, newPath) {
+  twoPaths(FS_RENAME, "rename", getValidatedPath(oldPath, "oldPath"), getValidatedPath(newPath, "newPath"));
+}
+
+export function rename(oldPath, newPath, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  defer(callback, twoPaths, FS_RENAME, "rename", getValidatedPath(oldPath, "oldPath"), getValidatedPath(newPath, "newPath"));
+}
+
+export function linkSync(existingPath, newPath) {
+  twoPaths(FS_LINK, "link", getValidatedPath(existingPath, "existingPath"), getValidatedPath(newPath, "newPath"));
+}
+
+export function link(existingPath, newPath, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  defer(callback, twoPaths, FS_LINK, "link", getValidatedPath(existingPath, "existingPath"), getValidatedPath(newPath, "newPath"));
+}
+
+/* type "dir" or "junction" matters on Windows only, as in Node */
+const symlinkType = (type) => (type === "dir" ? 1 : type === "junction" ? 2 : 0);
+
+export function symlinkSync(target, path, type) {
+  validateOneOf(type, "type", ["dir", "file", "junction", null, undefined]);
+  twoPaths(FS_SYMLINK, "symlink", getValidatedPath(target, "target"), getValidatedPath(path), symlinkType(type));
+}
+
+export function symlink(target, path, type, callback) {
+  if (callback === undefined) {
+    callback = makeCallback(type);
+    type = undefined;
+  } else {
+    validateOneOf(type, "type", ["dir", "file", "junction", null, undefined]);
+  }
+  defer(callback, twoPaths, FS_SYMLINK, "symlink", getValidatedPath(target, "target"), getValidatedPath(path), symlinkType(type));
+}
+
+function doReadlink(path, encoding) {
+  return encoded(check(fsCall(FS_READLINK, path), "readlink", path), encoding);
+}
+
+export function readlinkSync(path, options) {
+  options = getOptions(options);
+  return doReadlink(getValidatedPath(path), options.encoding);
+}
+
+export function readlink(path, options, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(typeof options === "function" ? options : callback);
+  options = getOptions(options);
+  defer(callback, doReadlink, getValidatedPath(path), options.encoding);
+}
+
+export function unlinkSync(path) {
+  path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  check(fsUnlink(path), "unlink", path);
 }
 
 export function unlink(path, callback) {
-  later(unlinkSync, [path], callback);
-}
-
-/* ---- read streams --------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-/** A file read a chunk at a time, from `start` to `end` (inclusive), as Node's. */
-export class ReadStream extends Readable {
-  constructor(path, options) {
-    if (typeof options === "string") options = { encoding: options };
-    options = { ...options };
-    super({ highWaterMark: options.highWaterMark ?? 64 * 1024, encoding: options.encoding, emitClose: options.emitClose ?? true, autoDestroy: options.autoClose ?? true });
-    validatePath(path);
-    this.path = path;
-    this.start = options.start;
-    this.end = options.end ?? Infinity;
-    this.pos = options.start ?? 0;
-    this.bytesRead = 0;
-    this.pending = true;
-    /* opened on the next tick, as Node's: a missing file is an error even if nothing reads */
-    process.nextTick(() => {
-      const r = fsStat(path, true);
-      if (typeof r === "number") return this.destroy(systemError(r, "open", path));
-      this.pending = false;
-      this.emit("open");
-      this.emit("ready");
-    });
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  defer(callback, unlinkSync, getValidatedPath(path));
+}
+
+export function copyFileSync(src, dest, mode) {
+  twoPaths(FS_COPYFILE, "copyfile", getValidatedPath(src, "src"), getValidatedPath(dest, "dest"), getValidMode(mode, "copyFile"));
+}
+
+export function copyFile(src, dest, mode, callback) {
+  if (typeof mode === "function") {
+    callback = mode;
+    mode = 0;
   }
+  src = getValidatedPath(src, "src");
+  dest = getValidatedPath(dest, "dest");
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  defer(callback, twoPaths, FS_COPYFILE, "copyfile", src, dest, getValidMode(mode, "copyFile"));
+}
 
-  /* a chunk on a later tick, as Node's read (on libuv's thread pool) delivers it: each read a chunk */
-  _read() {
-    const want = Math.min(this.readableHighWaterMark, this.end + 1 - this.pos);
-    if (want <= 0) return this.push(null);
-    const chunk = fsReadAt(this.path, this.pos, want);
-    process.nextTick(() => {
-      if (typeof chunk === "number") return this.destroy(systemError(chunk, "read", this.path));
-      if (chunk.length === 0) return this.push(null);
-      this.pos += chunk.length;
-      this.bytesRead += chunk.length;
-      this.push(chunk);
-    });
+const F_OK = 0;
+
+export function accessSync(path, mode) {
+  pathCall(FS_ACCESS, "access", getValidatedPath(path), getValidMode(mode, "access"));
+}
+
+export function access(path, mode, callback) {
+  if (typeof mode === "function") {
+    callback = mode;
+    mode = F_OK;
   }
+  path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  defer(callback, pathCall, FS_ACCESS, "access", path, getValidMode(mode, "access"));
+}
+
+export function chmodSync(path, mode) {
+  pathCall(FS_CHMOD, "chmod", getValidatedPath(path), parseFileMode(mode, "mode"));
+}
+
+export function chmod(path, mode, callback) {
+  path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  mode = parseFileMode(mode, "mode");
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  defer(callback, pathCall, FS_CHMOD, "chmod", path, mode);
+}
+
+export function fchmodSync(fd, mode) {
+  fdCall(FS_FCHMOD, "fchmod", getValidatedFd(fd), parseFileMode(mode, "mode"));
+}
+
+export function fchmod(fd, mode, callback) {
+  mode = parseFileMode(mode, "mode");
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  defer(callback, fdCall, FS_FCHMOD, "fchmod", getValidatedFd(fd), mode);
+}
+
+function validateIds(uid, gid) {
+  validateInteger(uid, "uid", -1, kMaxUserId);
+  validateInteger(gid, "gid", -1, kMaxUserId);
 }
 
+export function chownSync(path, uid, gid) {
+  path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  validateIds(uid, gid);
+  pathCall(FS_CHOWN, "chown", path, uid, gid);
+}
+
+export function chown(path, uid, gid, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  validateIds(uid, gid);
+  defer(callback, pathCall, FS_CHOWN, "chown", path, uid, gid);
+}
+
+export function lchownSync(path, uid, gid) {
+  path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  validateIds(uid, gid);
+  pathCall(FS_LCHOWN, "lchown", path, uid, gid);
+}
+
+export function lchown(path, uid, gid, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  validateIds(uid, gid);
+  defer(callback, pathCall, FS_LCHOWN, "lchown", path, uid, gid);
+}
+
+export function fchownSync(fd, uid, gid) {
+  validateIds(uid, gid);
+  fdCall(FS_FCHOWN, "fchown", getValidatedFd(fd), uid, gid);
+}
+
+export function fchown(fd, uid, gid, callback) {
+  validateIds(uid, gid);
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  defer(callback, fdCall, FS_FCHOWN, "fchown", getValidatedFd(fd), uid, gid);
+}
+
+export function fsyncSync(fd) {
+  fdCall(FS_FSYNC, "fsync", getValidatedFd(fd));
+}
+
+export function fsync(fd, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  defer(callback, fdCall, FS_FSYNC, "fsync", getValidatedFd(fd));
+}
+
+export function fdatasyncSync(fd) {
+  fdCall(FS_FDATASYNC, "fdatasync", getValidatedFd(fd));
+}
+
+export function fdatasync(fd, callback) {
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  defer(callback, fdCall, FS_FDATASYNC, "fdatasync", getValidatedFd(fd));
+}
+
+export function ftruncateSync(fd, len = 0) {
+  validateInteger(len, "len");
+  fdCall(FS_FTRUNCATE, "ftruncate", getValidatedFd(fd), len < 0 ? 0 : len);
+}
+
+export function ftruncate(fd, len = 0, callback) {
+  if (typeof len === "function") {
+    callback = len;
+    len = 0;
+  }
+  validateInteger(len, "len");
+  len = Math.max(0, len);
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  defer(callback, fdCall, FS_FTRUNCATE, "ftruncate", getValidatedFd(fd), len);
+}
+
+/** As Node's: the file opened for writing, truncated, closed. */
+function doTruncate(path, len) {
+  const fd = doOpen(path, O_RDWR, 0o666);
+  try {
+    fdCall(FS_FTRUNCATE, "ftruncate", fd, len);
+  } finally {
+    doClose(fd);
+  }
+}
+
+export function truncateSync(path, len) {
+  if (len === undefined) len = 0;
+  const fd = openSync(path, "r+");
+  try {
+    ftruncateSync(fd, len);
+  } finally {
+    closeSync(fd);
+  }
+}
+
+export function truncate(path, len, callback) {
+  if (typeof len === "function") {
+    callback = len;
+    len = 0;
+  } else if (len === undefined) {
+    len = 0;
+  }
+  validateInteger(len, "len");
+  len = Math.max(0, len);
+  validateFunction(callback, "cb");
+  defer(callback, doTruncate, getValidatedPath(path), len);
+}
+
+/* ---- rmdir, rm ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+function removeTree(path, force) {
+  const st = fsStat(path, false);
+  if (typeof st === "number") {
+    if (force && errnoName(st) === "ENOENT") return;
+    throw systemError(st, "lstat", path);
+  }
+  if ((st[0] & S_IFMT) === S_IFDIR) {
+    const entries = check(fsReaddir(path), "scandir", path);
+    for (let i = 0; i < entries.length; i += 2) removeTree(path + "/" + entries[i], false);
+    check(fsCall(FS_RMDIR, path), "rmdir", path);
+  } else {
+    check(fsUnlink(path), "rm", path);
+  }
+}
+
+/* rm's work, its options checked: a file, or with `recursive` a directory and what it holds;
+ * `force` ignores a missing path. A directory without `recursive` is ERR_FS_EISDIR, as in Node. */
+function doRm(path, options) {
+  const st = fsStat(path, false);
+  if (typeof st === "number") {
+    if (options.force && errnoName(st) === "ENOENT") return;
+    throw systemError(st, "lstat", path);
+  }
+  if ((st[0] & S_IFMT) === S_IFDIR) {
+    if (!options.recursive) throw rmIsDirectory(path);
+    return removeTree(path, options.force);
+  }
+  check(fsUnlink(path), "rm", path);
+}
+
+/* rmdir's work: with `recursive` (deprecated), a directory removed as rm removes it; what isn't a
+ * directory left to rmdir's ENOTDIR, as Node's */
+function doRmdir(path, recursive) {
+  if (recursive) {
+    const st = check(fsStat(path, false), "lstat", path);
+    if ((st[0] & S_IFMT) === S_IFDIR) return removeTree(path, false);
+  }
+  check(fsCall(FS_RMDIR, path), "rmdir", path);
+}
+
+export function rmdirSync(path, options) {
+  path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  if (options?.recursive) {
+    emitRecursiveRmdirWarning();
+    validateRmOptionsShape({ ...options, force: false });
+  } else {
+    validateRmdirOptions(options);
+  }
+  doRmdir(path, !!options?.recursive);
+}
+
+export function rmdir(path, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === "function") {
+    callback = options;
+    options = undefined;
+  }
+  callback = makeCallback(callback);
+  path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  if (options?.recursive) {
+    emitRecursiveRmdirWarning();
+    validateRmOptionsShape({ ...options, force: false });
+  } else {
+    validateRmdirOptions(options);
+  }
+  defer(callback, doRmdir, path, !!options?.recursive);
+}
+
+export function rmSync(path, options) {
+  path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  doRm(path, validateRmOptionsShape(options));
+}
+
+export function rm(path, options, callback) {
+  if (typeof options === "function") {
+    callback = options;
+    options = undefined;
+  }
+  path = getValidatedPath(path);
+  options = validateRmOptionsShape(options);
+  validateFunction(callback, "cb");
+  defer(callback, doRm, path, options);
+}
+
+/* ---- streams: Node's, in a module of their own (internal/fs_streams.js) ------------------- */
+
+export const ReadStream = lazyConstructor("ReadStream", 2);
+export const WriteStream = lazyConstructor("WriteStream", 2);
+
 export function createReadStream(path, options) {
   return new ReadStream(path, options);
 }
 
+export function createWriteStream(path, options) {
+  return new WriteStream(path, options);
+}
+
 /* node:fs/promises, which imports this module: read when used, not while the modules load */
 export { default as promises } from "./fs_promises.js";
 import promises from "./fs_promises.js";
 
-export default {
-  readFileSync, writeFileSync, appendFileSync, existsSync, unlinkSync, statSync, lstatSync, readdirSync, readFile, writeFile,
-  unlink, stat, lstat, readdir, createReadStream, ReadStream, Stats, Dirent,
+/* ---- util.promisify's results ------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+/* the callback's values as an object's (node:util's symbol); exists' promise, of a boolean */
+const kCustomPromisifyArgs = Symbol.for("visaljs.util.customPromisifyArgs");
+Object.defineProperty(read, kCustomPromisifyArgs, { value: ["bytesRead", "buffer"], enumerable: false });
+Object.defineProperty(write, kCustomPromisifyArgs, { value: ["bytesWritten", "buffer"], enumerable: false });
+Object.defineProperty(readv, kCustomPromisifyArgs, { value: ["bytesRead", "buffers"], enumerable: false });
+Object.defineProperty(writev, kCustomPromisifyArgs, { value: ["bytesWritten", "buffers"], enumerable: false });
+Object.defineProperty(exists, Symbol.for("nodejs.util.promisify.custom"), {
+  value: function exists(path) {
+    return new Promise((resolve) => fs.exists(path, resolve));
+  },
+  enumerable: false,
+});
+
+/* ---- the features in modules of their own ------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* their own modules, linked when the program names them (internal/features.js) */
+export const statfsSync = lazyFunction("statfsSync", 2);
+export const statfs = lazyFunction("statfs", 3);
+export const Dir = lazyClass("Dir");
+export const opendirSync = lazyFunction("opendirSync", 2);
+export const opendir = lazyFunction("opendir", 3);
+export const cpSync = lazyFunction("cpSync", 3);
+export const cp = lazyFunction("cp", 4);
+export const globSync = lazyFunction("globSync", 2);
+export const glob = lazyFunction("glob", 3);
+export const watch = lazyFunction("watch", 3);
+export const watchFile = lazyFunction("watchFile", 3);
+export const unwatchFile = lazyFunction("unwatchFile", 2);
+export const openAsBlob = lazyFunction("openAsBlob", 2);
+
+/* lchmod: macOS's only (O_SYMLINK), as Node's */
+export const lchmod = undefined;
+export const lchmodSync = undefined;
+
+/* the names Node keeps for its streams */
+export const FileReadStream = ReadStream;
+export const FileWriteStream = WriteStream;
+
+/* the platform's (libuv's, then the C library's), in Node's order */
+export const constants = { __proto__: null };
+{
+  const flat = fsConstants();
+  for (let i = 0; i < flat.length; i += 2) constants[flat[i]] = flat[i + 1];
+}
+const { O_RDONLY, O_RDWR } = constants;
+
+const fs = {
+  constants, readFileSync, writeFileSync, appendFileSync, existsSync, unlinkSync, statSync, lstatSync, readdirSync, readFile, writeFile,
+  unlink, stat, lstat, readdir, createReadStream, ReadStream, Stats, Dirent, realpathSync, realpath, mkdirSync, mkdir, utimesSync,
+  utimes, openSync, open, closeSync, close, writeSync, readSync, read, write, appendFile, exists, createWriteStream, WriteStream,
+  renameSync, rename, linkSync, link, symlinkSync, symlink, readlinkSync, readlink, copyFileSync, copyFile, accessSync, access,
+  chmodSync, chmod, fchmodSync, fchmod, lchmod, lchmodSync, chownSync, chown, lchownSync, lchown, fchownSync, fchown, fstatSync, fstat,
+  fsyncSync, fsync, fdatasyncSync, fdatasync, ftruncateSync, ftruncate, truncateSync, truncate, futimesSync, futimes, lutimesSync,
+  lutimes, mkdtempSync, mkdtemp, mkdtempDisposableSync, rmdirSync, rmdir, rmSync, rm, readvSync, readv, writevSync, writev, statfsSync,
+  statfs, Dir, opendirSync, opendir, cpSync, cp, globSync, glob, watch, watchFile, unwatchFile, openAsBlob, FileReadStream,
+  FileWriteStream, _toUnixTimestamp: toUnixTimestamp,
   get promises() {
     return promises;
   },
 };
+
+/* access()'s modes on fs itself: hidden, deprecated getters in Node 24 (DEP0176), warning once,
+ * without a setter */
+let warnedModes = false;
+for (const [name, value] of [["F_OK", 0], ["R_OK", 4], ["W_OK", 2], ["X_OK", 1]]) {
+  Object.defineProperty(fs, name, {
+    enumerable: false,
+    configurable: true,
+    get() {
+      if (!warnedModes) {
+        warnedModes = true;
+        process.emitWarning(`fs.${name} is deprecated, use fs.constants.${name} instead`, "DeprecationWarning", "DEP0176");
+      }
+      return value;
+    },
+  });
+}
+
+export default fs;