visaljs 0.0.5 → 0.0.7

package/node/prelude/path.js

@@ -1,37 +1,81 @@
-// node:path (ADR 0012, layer 3): POSIX paths, following Node's algorithms so results
-// match byte for byte. Only resolve() reaches the host (the working directory).
-import { cwd } from "visaljs:host";
-import { validateString } from "./internal/errors.js";
+// node:path (ADR 0012, layer 3): Node's lib/path.js (MIT; Node v22), both its win32 and its
+// posix halves, ported: primordials are the methods they stand for, the working directory is the
+// host's, and matchesGlob (minimatch, which visaljs doesn't bundle) is a stub. Results match Node's
+// byte for byte; the default export is win32 on Windows, posix elsewhere, as Node's.
+import { cwd as hostCwd } from "visaljs:host";
+import { invalidArgType, notSupported, validateString } from "./internal/errors.js";
 
-const SLASH = 47, DOT = 46;
+const CHAR_UPPERCASE_A = 65, CHAR_LOWERCASE_A = 97, CHAR_UPPERCASE_Z = 90, CHAR_LOWERCASE_Z = 122;
+const CHAR_DOT = 46, CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH = 47, CHAR_BACKWARD_SLASH = 92, CHAR_COLON = 58, CHAR_QUESTION_MARK = 63;
+const isWindows = process.platform === "win32";
 
-/** Resolves `.` and `..` segments; `..` past the start is kept only when allowAboveRoot. */
-function normalizeString(path, allowAboveRoot) {
-  let res = "";
+function validateObject(value, name) {
+  if (value === null || typeof value !== "object" || Array.isArray(value)) throw invalidArgType(name, "of type object", value);
+}
+
+function isPathSeparator(code) {
+  return code === CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH || code === CHAR_BACKWARD_SLASH;
+}
+
+function isPosixPathSeparator(code) {
+  return code === CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH;
+}
+
+const WINDOWS_RESERVED_NAMES = [
+  'CON', 'PRN', 'AUX', 'NUL',
+  'COM1', 'COM2', 'COM3', 'COM4', 'COM5', 'COM6', 'COM7', 'COM8', 'COM9',
+  'LPT1', 'LPT2', 'LPT3', 'LPT4', 'LPT5', 'LPT6', 'LPT7', 'LPT8', 'LPT9',
+  'COM\xb9', 'COM\xb2', 'COM\xb3',
+  'LPT\xb9', 'LPT\xb2', 'LPT\xb3',
+];
+
+function isWindowsReservedName(path, colonIndex) {
+  const devicePart = path.slice(0, colonIndex).toUpperCase();
+  return WINDOWS_RESERVED_NAMES.includes(devicePart);
+}
+
+function isWindowsDeviceRoot(code) {
+  return (code >= CHAR_UPPERCASE_A && code <= CHAR_UPPERCASE_Z) ||
+         (code >= CHAR_LOWERCASE_A && code <= CHAR_LOWERCASE_Z);
+}
+
+// Resolves . and .. elements in a path with directory names
+function normalizeString(path, allowAboveRoot, separator, isPathSeparator) {
+  let res = '';
   let lastSegmentLength = 0;
   let lastSlash = -1;
   let dots = 0;
-  for (let i = 0; i <= path.length; i++) {
-    const code = i < path.length ? path.charCodeAt(i) : SLASH;
-    if (code === SLASH) {
+  let code = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i <= path.length; ++i) {
+    if (i < path.length)
+      code = path.charCodeAt(i);
+    else if (isPathSeparator(code))
+      break;
+    else
+      code = CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH;
+
+    if (isPathSeparator(code)) {
       if (lastSlash === i - 1 || dots === 1) {
-        /* empty or `.` segment */
+        // NOOP
       } else if (dots === 2) {
-        if (res.length < 2 || lastSegmentLength !== 2 || res.charCodeAt(res.length - 1) !== DOT || res.charCodeAt(res.length - 2) !== DOT) {
+        if (res.length < 2 || lastSegmentLength !== 2 ||
+            res.charCodeAt(res.length - 1) !== CHAR_DOT ||
+            res.charCodeAt(res.length - 2) !== CHAR_DOT) {
           if (res.length > 2) {
-            const idx = lastIndexOfSlash(res);
-            if (idx === -1) {
-              res = "";
+            const lastSlashIndex = res.length - lastSegmentLength - 1;
+            if (lastSlashIndex === -1) {
+              res = '';
               lastSegmentLength = 0;
             } else {
-              res = res.slice(0, idx);
-              lastSegmentLength = res.length - 1 - lastIndexOfSlash(res);
+              res = res.slice(0, lastSlashIndex);
+              lastSegmentLength =
+                res.length - 1 - res.lastIndexOf(separator);
             }
             lastSlash = i;
             dots = 0;
             continue;
           } else if (res.length !== 0) {
-            res = "";
+            res = '';
             lastSegmentLength = 0;
             lastSlash = i;
             dots = 0;
@@ -39,17 +83,19 @@ function normalizeString(path, allowAboveRoot) {
           }
         }
         if (allowAboveRoot) {
-          res += res.length > 0 ? "/.." : "..";
+          res += res.length > 0 ? `${separator}..` : '..';
           lastSegmentLength = 2;
         }
       } else {
-        if (res.length > 0) res += "/" + path.slice(lastSlash + 1, i);
-        else res = path.slice(lastSlash + 1, i);
+        if (res.length > 0)
+          res += `${separator}${path.slice(lastSlash + 1, i)}`;
+        else
+          res = path.slice(lastSlash + 1, i);
         lastSegmentLength = i - lastSlash - 1;
       }
       lastSlash = i;
       dots = 0;
-    } else if (code === DOT && dots !== -1) {
+    } else if (code === CHAR_DOT && dots !== -1) {
       ++dots;
     } else {
       dots = -1;
@@ -58,200 +104,1567 @@ function normalizeString(path, allowAboveRoot) {
   return res;
 }
 
-function lastIndexOfSlash(s) {
-  for (let i = s.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) if (s.charCodeAt(i) === SLASH) return i;
-  return -1;
+function formatExt(ext) {
+  return ext ? `${ext[0] === '.' ? '' : '.'}${ext}` : '';
 }
 
-export const sep = "/";
-export const delimiter = ":";
-
-export function resolve(...args) {
-  let resolvedPath = "";
-  let resolvedAbsolute = false;
-  for (let i = args.length - 1; i >= -1 && !resolvedAbsolute; i--) {
-    const path = i >= 0 ? args[i] : cwd();
-    validateString(path, "paths[" + i + "]");
-    if (path.length === 0) continue;
-    resolvedPath = path + "/" + resolvedPath;
-    resolvedAbsolute = path.charCodeAt(0) === SLASH;
+/**
+ * @param {string} sep
+ * @param {{
+ *  dir?: string;
+ *  root?: string;
+ *  base?: string;
+ *  name?: string;
+ *  ext?: string;
+ *  }} pathObject
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+function _format(sep, pathObject) {
+  validateObject(pathObject, 'pathObject');
+  const dir = pathObject.dir || pathObject.root;
+  const base = pathObject.base ||
+    `${pathObject.name || ''}${formatExt(pathObject.ext)}`;
+  if (!dir) {
+    return base;
   }
-  resolvedPath = normalizeString(resolvedPath, !resolvedAbsolute);
-  if (resolvedAbsolute) return "/" + resolvedPath;
-  return resolvedPath.length > 0 ? resolvedPath : ".";
+  return dir === pathObject.root ? `${dir}${base}` : `${dir}${sep}${base}`;
 }
 
-export function normalize(path) {
-  validateString(path, "path");
-  if (path.length === 0) return ".";
-  const isAbs = path.charCodeAt(0) === SLASH;
-  const trailingSeparator = path.charCodeAt(path.length - 1) === SLASH;
-  path = normalizeString(path, !isAbs);
-  if (path.length === 0) {
-    if (isAbs) return "/";
-    return trailingSeparator ? "./" : ".";
-  }
-  if (trailingSeparator) path += "/";
-  return isAbs ? "/" + path : path;
-}
+const forwardSlashRegExp = /\//g;
 
-export function isAbsolute(path) {
-  validateString(path, "path");
-  return path.length > 0 && path.charCodeAt(0) === SLASH;
-}
+const win32 = {
+  /**
+   * path.resolve([from ...], to)
+   * @param {...string} args
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  resolve(...args) {
+    let resolvedDevice = '';
+    let resolvedTail = '';
+    let resolvedAbsolute = false;
 
-export function join(...args) {
-  if (args.length === 0) return ".";
-  let joined;
-  for (const arg of args) {
-    validateString(arg, "path");
-    if (arg.length > 0) joined = joined === undefined ? arg : joined + "/" + arg;
-  }
-  return joined === undefined ? "." : normalize(joined);
-}
+    for (let i = args.length - 1; i >= -1; i--) {
+      let path;
+      if (i >= 0) {
+        path = args[i];
+        validateString(path, `paths[${i}]`);
 
-export function relative(from, to) {
-  validateString(from, "from");
-  validateString(to, "to");
-  if (from === to) return "";
-  from = resolve(from);
-  to = resolve(to);
-  if (from === to) return "";
-  const fromStart = 1;
-  const fromEnd = from.length;
-  const fromLen = fromEnd - fromStart;
-  const toStart = 1;
-  const toLen = to.length - toStart;
-  const length = fromLen < toLen ? fromLen : toLen;
-  let lastCommonSep = -1;
-  let i = 0;
-  for (; i < length; i++) {
-    const fromCode = from.charCodeAt(fromStart + i);
-    if (fromCode !== to.charCodeAt(toStart + i)) break;
-    else if (fromCode === SLASH) lastCommonSep = i;
-  }
-  if (i === length) {
-    if (toLen > length) {
-      if (to.charCodeAt(toStart + i) === SLASH) return to.slice(toStart + i + 1);
-      if (i === 0) return to.slice(toStart + i);
-    } else if (fromLen > length) {
-      if (from.charCodeAt(fromStart + i) === SLASH) lastCommonSep = i;
-      else if (i === 0) lastCommonSep = 0;
+        // Skip empty entries
+        if (path.length === 0) {
+          continue;
+        }
+      } else if (resolvedDevice.length === 0) {
+        path = hostCwd();
+        // Fast path for current directory
+        if (args.length === 0 || ((args.length === 1 && (args[0] === '' || args[0] === '.')) &&
+            isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(0)))) {
+          if (!isWindows) {
+            path = path.replace(forwardSlashRegExp, '\\');
+          }
+          return path;
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Windows has the concept of drive-specific current working
+        // directories. If we've resolved a drive letter but not yet an
+        // absolute path, get cwd for that drive, or the process cwd if
+        // the drive cwd is not available. We're sure the device is not
+        // a UNC path at this points, because UNC paths are always absolute.
+        path = process.env[`=${resolvedDevice}`] || hostCwd();
+
+        // Verify that a cwd was found and that it actually points
+        // to our drive. If not, default to the drive's root.
+        if (path === undefined ||
+            (path.slice(0, 2).toLowerCase() !==
+            resolvedDevice.toLowerCase() &&
+            path.charCodeAt(2) === CHAR_BACKWARD_SLASH)) {
+          path = `${resolvedDevice}\\`;
+        }
+      }
+
+      const len = path.length;
+      let rootEnd = 0;
+      let device = '';
+      let isAbsolute = false;
+      const code = path.charCodeAt(0);
+
+      // Try to match a root
+      if (len === 1) {
+        if (isPathSeparator(code)) {
+          // `path` contains just a path separator
+          rootEnd = 1;
+          isAbsolute = true;
+        }
+      } else if (isPathSeparator(code)) {
+        // Possible UNC root
+
+        // If we started with a separator, we know we at least have an
+        // absolute path of some kind (UNC or otherwise)
+        isAbsolute = true;
+
+        if (isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(1))) {
+          // Matched double path separator at beginning
+          let j = 2;
+          let last = j;
+          // Match 1 or more non-path separators
+          while (j < len &&
+                 !isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(j))) {
+            j++;
+          }
+          if (j < len && j !== last) {
+            const firstPart = path.slice(last, j);
+            // Matched!
+            last = j;
+            // Match 1 or more path separators
+            while (j < len &&
+                   isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(j))) {
+              j++;
+            }
+            if (j < len && j !== last) {
+              // Matched!
+              last = j;
+              // Match 1 or more non-path separators
+              while (j < len &&
+                     !isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(j))) {
+                j++;
+              }
+              if (j === len || j !== last) {
+                if (firstPart !== '.' && firstPart !== '?') {
+                  // We matched a UNC root
+                  device =
+                    `\\\\${firstPart}\\${path.slice(last, j)}`;
+                  rootEnd = j;
+                } else {
+                  // We matched a device root (e.g. \\\\.\\PHYSICALDRIVE0)
+                  device = `\\\\${firstPart}`;
+                  rootEnd = 4;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          rootEnd = 1;
+        }
+      } else if (isWindowsDeviceRoot(code) &&
+                  path.charCodeAt(1) === CHAR_COLON) {
+        // Possible device root
+        device = path.slice(0, 2);
+        rootEnd = 2;
+        if (len > 2 && isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(2))) {
+          // Treat separator following drive name as an absolute path
+          // indicator
+          isAbsolute = true;
+          rootEnd = 3;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (device.length > 0) {
+        if (resolvedDevice.length > 0) {
+          if (device.toLowerCase() !==
+              resolvedDevice.toLowerCase())
+            // This path points to another device so it is not applicable
+            continue;
+        } else {
+          resolvedDevice = device;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (resolvedAbsolute) {
+        if (resolvedDevice.length > 0)
+          break;
+      } else {
+        resolvedTail =
+          `${path.slice(rootEnd)}\\${resolvedTail}`;
+        resolvedAbsolute = isAbsolute;
+        if (isAbsolute && resolvedDevice.length > 0) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
     }
-  }
-  let out = "";
-  for (i = fromStart + lastCommonSep + 1; i <= fromEnd; ++i) {
-    if (i === fromEnd || from.charCodeAt(i) === SLASH) out += out.length === 0 ? ".." : "/..";
-  }
-  return out + to.slice(toStart + lastCommonSep);
-}
 
-export function dirname(path) {
-  validateString(path, "path");
-  if (path.length === 0) return ".";
-  const hasRoot = path.charCodeAt(0) === SLASH;
-  let end = -1;
-  let matchedSlash = true;
-  for (let i = path.length - 1; i >= 1; --i) {
-    if (path.charCodeAt(i) === SLASH) {
-      if (!matchedSlash) {
-        end = i;
-        break;
+    // At this point the path should be resolved to a full absolute path,
+    // but handle relative paths to be safe (might happen when process.cwd()
+    // fails)
+
+    // Normalize the tail path
+    resolvedTail = normalizeString(resolvedTail, !resolvedAbsolute, '\\',
+                                   isPathSeparator);
+
+    return resolvedAbsolute ?
+      `${resolvedDevice}\\${resolvedTail}` :
+      `${resolvedDevice}${resolvedTail}` || '.';
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} path
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  normalize(path) {
+    validateString(path, 'path');
+    const len = path.length;
+    if (len === 0)
+      return '.';
+    let rootEnd = 0;
+    let device;
+    let isAbsolute = false;
+    const code = path.charCodeAt(0);
+
+    // Try to match a root
+    if (len === 1) {
+      // `path` contains just a single char, exit early to avoid
+      // unnecessary work
+      return isPosixPathSeparator(code) ? '\\' : path;
+    }
+    if (isPathSeparator(code)) {
+      // Possible UNC root
+
+      // If we started with a separator, we know we at least have an absolute
+      // path of some kind (UNC or otherwise)
+      isAbsolute = true;
+
+      if (isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(1))) {
+        // Matched double path separator at beginning
+        let j = 2;
+        let last = j;
+        // Match 1 or more non-path separators
+        while (j < len &&
+               !isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(j))) {
+          j++;
+        }
+        if (j < len && j !== last) {
+          const firstPart = path.slice(last, j);
+          // Matched!
+          last = j;
+          // Match 1 or more path separators
+          while (j < len &&
+                 isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(j))) {
+            j++;
+          }
+          if (j < len && j !== last) {
+            // Matched!
+            last = j;
+            // Match 1 or more non-path separators
+            while (j < len &&
+                   !isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(j))) {
+              j++;
+            }
+            if (j === len || j !== last) {
+              if (firstPart === '.' || firstPart === '?') {
+                // We matched a device root (e.g. \\\\.\\PHYSICALDRIVE0)
+                device = `\\\\${firstPart}`;
+                rootEnd = 4;
+                const colonIndex = path.indexOf(':');
+                // Special case: handle \\?\COM1: or similar reserved device paths
+                const possibleDevice = path.slice(4, colonIndex + 1);
+                if (isWindowsReservedName(possibleDevice, possibleDevice.length - 1)) {
+                  device = `\\\\?\\${possibleDevice}`;
+                  rootEnd = 4 + possibleDevice.length;
+                }
+              } else if (j === len) {
+                // We matched a UNC root only
+                // Return the normalized version of the UNC root since there
+                // is nothing left to process
+                return `\\\\${firstPart}\\${path.slice(last)}\\`;
+              } else {
+                // We matched a UNC root with leftovers
+                device =
+                  `\\\\${firstPart}\\${path.slice(last, j)}`;
+                rootEnd = j;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        rootEnd = 1;
       }
     } else {
-      matchedSlash = false;
+      const colonIndex = path.indexOf(':');
+      if (colonIndex > 0) {
+        if (isWindowsDeviceRoot(code) && colonIndex === 1) {
+          device = path.slice(0, 2);
+          rootEnd = 2;
+          if (len > 2 && isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(2))) {
+            isAbsolute = true;
+            rootEnd = 3;
+          }
+        } else if (isWindowsReservedName(path, colonIndex)) {
+          device = path.slice(0, colonIndex + 1);
+          rootEnd = colonIndex + 1;
+
+        }
+      }
     }
-  }
-  if (end === -1) return hasRoot ? "/" : ".";
-  if (hasRoot && end === 1) return "//";
-  return path.slice(0, end);
-}
 
-export function basename(path, suffix) {
-  if (suffix !== undefined) validateString(suffix, "suffix");
-  validateString(path, "path");
-  let start = 0;
-  let end = -1;
-  let matchedSlash = true;
-  if (suffix !== undefined && suffix.length > 0 && suffix.length <= path.length) {
-    if (suffix === path) return "";
-    let extIdx = suffix.length - 1;
-    let firstNonSlashEnd = -1;
-    for (let i = path.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
-      const code = path.charCodeAt(i);
-      if (code === SLASH) {
+    let tail = rootEnd < len ?
+      normalizeString(path.slice(rootEnd),
+                      !isAbsolute, '\\', isPathSeparator) :
+      '';
+    if (tail.length === 0 && !isAbsolute)
+      tail = '.';
+    if (tail.length > 0 &&
+        isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(len - 1)))
+      tail += '\\';
+    if (!isAbsolute && device === undefined && path.includes(':')) {
+      // If the original path was not absolute and if we have not been able to
+      // resolve it relative to a particular device, we need to ensure that the
+      // `tail` has not become something that Windows might interpret as an
+      // absolute path. See CVE-2024-36139.
+      if (tail.length >= 2 &&
+          isWindowsDeviceRoot(tail.charCodeAt(0)) &&
+          tail.charCodeAt(1) === CHAR_COLON) {
+        return `.\\${tail}`;
+      }
+      let index = path.indexOf(':');
+
+      do {
+        if (index === len - 1 || isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(index + 1))) {
+          return `.\\${tail}`;
+        }
+      } while ((index = path.indexOf(':', index + 1)) !== -1);
+    }
+    const colonIndex = path.indexOf(':');
+    if (isWindowsReservedName(path, colonIndex)) {
+      return `.\\${device ?? ''}${tail}`;
+    }
+    if (device === undefined) {
+      return isAbsolute ? `\\${tail}` : tail;
+    }
+    return isAbsolute ? `${device}\\${tail}` : `${device}${tail}`;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} path
+   * @returns {boolean}
+   */
+  isAbsolute(path) {
+    validateString(path, 'path');
+    const len = path.length;
+    if (len === 0)
+      return false;
+
+    const code = path.charCodeAt(0);
+    return isPathSeparator(code) ||
+      // Possible device root
+      (len > 2 &&
+      isWindowsDeviceRoot(code) &&
+      path.charCodeAt(1) === CHAR_COLON &&
+      isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(2)));
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @param {...string} args
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  join(...args) {
+    if (args.length === 0)
+      return '.';
+
+    const path = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
+      const arg = args[i];
+      validateString(arg, 'path');
+      if (arg.length > 0) {
+        path.push(arg);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (path.length === 0)
+      return '.';
+
+    const firstPart = path[0];
+    let joined = path.join('\\');
+
+    // Make sure that the joined path doesn't start with two slashes, because
+    // normalize() will mistake it for a UNC path then.
+    //
+    // This step is skipped when it is very clear that the user actually
+    // intended to point at a UNC path. This is assumed when the first
+    // non-empty string arguments starts with exactly two slashes followed by
+    // at least one more non-slash character.
+    //
+    // Note that for normalize() to treat a path as a UNC path it needs to
+    // have at least 2 components, so we don't filter for that here.
+    // This means that the user can use join to construct UNC paths from
+    // a server name and a share name; for example:
+    //   path.join('//server', 'share') -> '\\\\server\\share\\')
+    let needsReplace = true;
+    let slashCount = 0;
+    if (isPathSeparator(firstPart.charCodeAt(0))) {
+      ++slashCount;
+      const firstLen = firstPart.length;
+      if (firstLen > 1 &&
+          isPathSeparator(firstPart.charCodeAt(1))) {
+        ++slashCount;
+        if (firstLen > 2) {
+          if (isPathSeparator(firstPart.charCodeAt(2)))
+            ++slashCount;
+          else {
+            // We matched a UNC path in the first part
+            needsReplace = false;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (needsReplace) {
+      // Find any more consecutive slashes we need to replace
+      while (slashCount < joined.length &&
+             isPathSeparator(joined.charCodeAt(slashCount))) {
+        slashCount++;
+      }
+
+      // Replace the slashes if needed
+      if (slashCount >= 2)
+        joined = `\\${joined.slice(slashCount)}`;
+    }
+
+    // Skip normalization when reserved device names are present
+    const parts = [];
+    let part = '';
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < joined.length; i++) {
+      if (joined[i] === '\\') {
+        if (part) parts.push(part);
+        part = '';
+        // Skip consecutive backslashes
+        while (i + 1 < joined.length && joined[i + 1] === '\\') i++;
+      } else {
+        part += joined[i];
+      }
+    }
+    // Add the final part if any
+    if (part) parts.push(part);
+
+    // Check if any part has a Windows reserved name
+    if (parts.some((p) => {
+      const colonIndex = p.indexOf(':');
+      return colonIndex !== -1 && isWindowsReservedName(p, colonIndex);
+    })) {
+      // Replace forward slashes with backslashes
+      let result = '';
+      for (let i = 0; i < joined.length; i++) {
+        result += joined[i] === '/' ? '\\' : joined[i];
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    return win32.normalize(joined);
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * It will solve the relative path from `from` to `to`, for instance
+   * from = 'C:\\orandea\\test\\aaa'
+   * to = 'C:\\orandea\\impl\\bbb'
+   * The output of the function should be: '..\\..\\impl\\bbb'
+   * @param {string} from
+   * @param {string} to
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  relative(from, to) {
+    validateString(from, 'from');
+    validateString(to, 'to');
+
+    if (from === to)
+      return '';
+
+    const fromOrig = win32.resolve(from);
+    const toOrig = win32.resolve(to);
+
+    if (fromOrig === toOrig)
+      return '';
+
+    from = fromOrig.toLowerCase();
+    to = toOrig.toLowerCase();
+
+    if (from === to)
+      return '';
+
+    if (fromOrig.length !== from.length || toOrig.length !== to.length) {
+      const fromSplit = fromOrig.split('\\');
+      const toSplit = toOrig.split('\\');
+      if (fromSplit[fromSplit.length - 1] === '') {
+        fromSplit.pop();
+      }
+      if (toSplit[toSplit.length - 1] === '') {
+        toSplit.pop();
+      }
+
+      const fromLen = fromSplit.length;
+      const toLen = toSplit.length;
+      const length = fromLen < toLen ? fromLen : toLen;
+
+      let i;
+      for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        if (fromSplit[i].toLowerCase() !== toSplit[i].toLowerCase()) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (i === 0) {
+        return toOrig;
+      } else if (i === length) {
+        if (toLen > length) {
+          return toSplit.slice(i).join('\\');
+        }
+        if (fromLen > length) {
+          return ('..\\').repeat(fromLen - 1 - i) + '..';
+        }
+        return '';
+      }
+
+      return ('..\\').repeat(fromLen - i) + toSplit.slice(i).join('\\');
+    }
+
+    // Trim any leading backslashes
+    let fromStart = 0;
+    while (fromStart < from.length &&
+           from.charCodeAt(fromStart) === CHAR_BACKWARD_SLASH) {
+      fromStart++;
+    }
+    // Trim trailing backslashes (applicable to UNC paths only)
+    let fromEnd = from.length;
+    while (
+      fromEnd - 1 > fromStart &&
+      from.charCodeAt(fromEnd - 1) === CHAR_BACKWARD_SLASH
+    ) {
+      fromEnd--;
+    }
+    const fromLen = fromEnd - fromStart;
+
+    // Trim any leading backslashes
+    let toStart = 0;
+    while (toStart < to.length &&
+           to.charCodeAt(toStart) === CHAR_BACKWARD_SLASH) {
+      toStart++;
+    }
+    // Trim trailing backslashes (applicable to UNC paths only)
+    let toEnd = to.length;
+    while (toEnd - 1 > toStart &&
+           to.charCodeAt(toEnd - 1) === CHAR_BACKWARD_SLASH) {
+      toEnd--;
+    }
+    const toLen = toEnd - toStart;
+
+    // Compare paths to find the longest common path from root
+    const length = fromLen < toLen ? fromLen : toLen;
+    let lastCommonSep = -1;
+    let i = 0;
+    for (; i < length; i++) {
+      const fromCode = from.charCodeAt(fromStart + i);
+      if (fromCode !== to.charCodeAt(toStart + i))
+        break;
+      else if (fromCode === CHAR_BACKWARD_SLASH)
+        lastCommonSep = i;
+    }
+
+    // We found a mismatch before the first common path separator was seen, so
+    // return the original `to`.
+    if (i !== length) {
+      if (lastCommonSep === -1)
+        return toOrig;
+    } else {
+      if (toLen > length) {
+        if (to.charCodeAt(toStart + i) ===
+            CHAR_BACKWARD_SLASH) {
+          // We get here if `from` is the exact base path for `to`.
+          // For example: from='C:\\foo\\bar'; to='C:\\foo\\bar\\baz'
+          return toOrig.slice(toStart + i + 1);
+        }
+        if (i === 2) {
+          // We get here if `from` is the device root.
+          // For example: from='C:\\'; to='C:\\foo'
+          return toOrig.slice(toStart + i);
+        }
+      }
+      if (fromLen > length) {
+        if (from.charCodeAt(fromStart + i) ===
+            CHAR_BACKWARD_SLASH) {
+          // We get here if `to` is the exact base path for `from`.
+          // For example: from='C:\\foo\\bar'; to='C:\\foo'
+          lastCommonSep = i;
+        } else if (i === 2) {
+          // We get here if `to` is the device root.
+          // For example: from='C:\\foo\\bar'; to='C:\\'
+          lastCommonSep = 3;
+        }
+      }
+      if (lastCommonSep === -1)
+        lastCommonSep = 0;
+    }
+
+    let out = '';
+    // Generate the relative path based on the path difference between `to` and
+    // `from`
+    for (i = fromStart + lastCommonSep + 1; i <= fromEnd; ++i) {
+      if (i === fromEnd ||
+          from.charCodeAt(i) === CHAR_BACKWARD_SLASH) {
+        out += out.length === 0 ? '..' : '\\..';
+      }
+    }
+
+    toStart += lastCommonSep;
+
+    // Lastly, append the rest of the destination (`to`) path that comes after
+    // the common path parts
+    if (out.length > 0)
+      return `${out}${toOrig.slice(toStart, toEnd)}`;
+
+    if (toOrig.charCodeAt(toStart) === CHAR_BACKWARD_SLASH)
+      ++toStart;
+    return toOrig.slice(toStart, toEnd);
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} path
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  toNamespacedPath(path) {
+    // Note: this will *probably* throw somewhere.
+    if (typeof path !== 'string' || path.length === 0)
+      return path;
+
+    const resolvedPath = win32.resolve(path);
+
+    if (resolvedPath.length <= 2)
+      return path;
+
+    if (resolvedPath.charCodeAt(0) === CHAR_BACKWARD_SLASH) {
+      // Possible UNC root
+      if (resolvedPath.charCodeAt(1) === CHAR_BACKWARD_SLASH) {
+        const code = resolvedPath.charCodeAt(2);
+        if (code !== CHAR_QUESTION_MARK && code !== CHAR_DOT) {
+          // Matched non-long UNC root, convert the path to a long UNC path
+          return `\\\\?\\UNC\\${resolvedPath.slice(2)}`;
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (
+      isWindowsDeviceRoot(resolvedPath.charCodeAt(0)) &&
+      resolvedPath.charCodeAt(1) === CHAR_COLON &&
+      resolvedPath.charCodeAt(2) === CHAR_BACKWARD_SLASH
+    ) {
+      // Matched device root, convert the path to a long UNC path
+      return `\\\\?\\${resolvedPath}`;
+    }
+
+    return resolvedPath;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} path
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  dirname(path) {
+    validateString(path, 'path');
+    const len = path.length;
+    if (len === 0)
+      return '.';
+    let rootEnd = -1;
+    let offset = 0;
+    const code = path.charCodeAt(0);
+
+    if (len === 1) {
+      // `path` contains just a path separator, exit early to avoid
+      // unnecessary work or a dot.
+      return isPathSeparator(code) ? path : '.';
+    }
+
+    // Try to match a root
+    if (isPathSeparator(code)) {
+      // Possible UNC root
+
+      rootEnd = offset = 1;
+
+      if (isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(1))) {
+        // Matched double path separator at beginning
+        let j = 2;
+        let last = j;
+        // Match 1 or more non-path separators
+        while (j < len &&
+               !isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(j))) {
+          j++;
+        }
+        if (j < len && j !== last) {
+          // Matched!
+          last = j;
+          // Match 1 or more path separators
+          while (j < len &&
+                 isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(j))) {
+            j++;
+          }
+          if (j < len && j !== last) {
+            // Matched!
+            last = j;
+            // Match 1 or more non-path separators
+            while (j < len &&
+                   !isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(j))) {
+              j++;
+            }
+            if (j === len) {
+              // We matched a UNC root only
+              return path;
+            }
+            if (j !== last) {
+              // We matched a UNC root with leftovers
+
+              // Offset by 1 to include the separator after the UNC root to
+              // treat it as a "normal root" on top of a (UNC) root
+              rootEnd = offset = j + 1;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    // Possible device root
+    } else if (isWindowsDeviceRoot(code) &&
+               path.charCodeAt(1) === CHAR_COLON) {
+      rootEnd =
+        len > 2 && isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(2)) ? 3 : 2;
+      offset = rootEnd;
+    }
+
+    let end = -1;
+    let matchedSlash = true;
+    for (let i = len - 1; i >= offset; --i) {
+      if (isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(i))) {
         if (!matchedSlash) {
-          start = i + 1;
+          end = i;
           break;
         }
       } else {
-        if (firstNonSlashEnd === -1) {
-          matchedSlash = false;
-          firstNonSlashEnd = i + 1;
-        }
-        if (extIdx >= 0) {
-          if (code === suffix.charCodeAt(extIdx)) {
-            if (--extIdx === -1) end = i;
-          } else {
-            extIdx = -1;
-            end = firstNonSlashEnd;
+        // We saw the first non-path separator
+        matchedSlash = false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (end === -1) {
+      if (rootEnd === -1)
+        return '.';
+
+      end = rootEnd;
+    }
+    return path.slice(0, end);
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} path
+   * @param {string} [suffix]
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  basename(path, suffix) {
+    if (suffix !== undefined)
+      validateString(suffix, 'suffix');
+    validateString(path, 'path');
+    let start = 0;
+    let end = -1;
+    let matchedSlash = true;
+
+    // Check for a drive letter prefix so as not to mistake the following
+    // path separator as an extra separator at the end of the path that can be
+    // disregarded
+    if (path.length >= 2 &&
+        isWindowsDeviceRoot(path.charCodeAt(0)) &&
+        path.charCodeAt(1) === CHAR_COLON) {
+      start = 2;
+    }
+
+    if (suffix !== undefined && suffix.length > 0 && suffix.length <= path.length) {
+      if (suffix === path)
+        return '';
+      let extIdx = suffix.length - 1;
+      let firstNonSlashEnd = -1;
+      for (let i = path.length - 1; i >= start; --i) {
+        const code = path.charCodeAt(i);
+        if (isPathSeparator(code)) {
+          // If we reached a path separator that was not part of a set of path
+          // separators at the end of the string, stop now
+          if (!matchedSlash) {
+            start = i + 1;
+            break;
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (firstNonSlashEnd === -1) {
+            // We saw the first non-path separator, remember this index in case
+            // we need it if the extension ends up not matching
+            matchedSlash = false;
+            firstNonSlashEnd = i + 1;
+          }
+          if (extIdx >= 0) {
+            // Try to match the explicit extension
+            if (code === suffix.charCodeAt(extIdx)) {
+              if (--extIdx === -1) {
+                // We matched the extension, so mark this as the end of our path
+                // component
+                end = i;
+              }
+            } else {
+              // Extension does not match, so our result is the entire path
+              // component
+              extIdx = -1;
+              end = firstNonSlashEnd;
+            }
           }
         }
       }
+
+      if (start === end)
+        end = firstNonSlashEnd;
+      else if (end === -1)
+        end = path.length;
+      return path.slice(start, end);
     }
-    if (start === end) end = firstNonSlashEnd;
-    else if (end === -1) end = path.length;
+    for (let i = path.length - 1; i >= start; --i) {
+      if (isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(i))) {
+        // If we reached a path separator that was not part of a set of path
+        // separators at the end of the string, stop now
+        if (!matchedSlash) {
+          start = i + 1;
+          break;
+        }
+      } else if (end === -1) {
+        // We saw the first non-path separator, mark this as the end of our
+        // path component
+        matchedSlash = false;
+        end = i + 1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (end === -1)
+      return '';
     return path.slice(start, end);
-  }
-  for (let i = path.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
-    if (path.charCodeAt(i) === SLASH) {
-      if (!matchedSlash) {
-        start = i + 1;
-        break;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} path
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  extname(path) {
+    validateString(path, 'path');
+    let start = 0;
+    let startDot = -1;
+    let startPart = 0;
+    let end = -1;
+    let matchedSlash = true;
+    // Track the state of characters (if any) we see before our first dot and
+    // after any path separator we find
+    let preDotState = 0;
+
+    // Check for a drive letter prefix so as not to mistake the following
+    // path separator as an extra separator at the end of the path that can be
+    // disregarded
+
+    if (path.length >= 2 &&
+        path.charCodeAt(1) === CHAR_COLON &&
+        isWindowsDeviceRoot(path.charCodeAt(0))) {
+      start = startPart = 2;
+    }
+
+    for (let i = path.length - 1; i >= start; --i) {
+      const code = path.charCodeAt(i);
+      if (isPathSeparator(code)) {
+        // If we reached a path separator that was not part of a set of path
+        // separators at the end of the string, stop now
+        if (!matchedSlash) {
+          startPart = i + 1;
+          break;
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (end === -1) {
+        // We saw the first non-path separator, mark this as the end of our
+        // extension
+        matchedSlash = false;
+        end = i + 1;
+      }
+      if (code === CHAR_DOT) {
+        // If this is our first dot, mark it as the start of our extension
+        if (startDot === -1)
+          startDot = i;
+        else if (preDotState !== 1)
+          preDotState = 1;
+      } else if (startDot !== -1) {
+        // We saw a non-dot and non-path separator before our dot, so we should
+        // have a good chance at having a non-empty extension
+        preDotState = -1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (startDot === -1 ||
+        end === -1 ||
+        // We saw a non-dot character immediately before the dot
+        preDotState === 0 ||
+        // The (right-most) trimmed path component is exactly '..'
+        (preDotState === 1 &&
+         startDot === end - 1 &&
+         startDot === startPart + 1)) {
+      return '';
+    }
+    return path.slice(startDot, end);
+  },
+
+  format: _format.bind(null, '\\'),
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} path
+   * @returns {{
+   *  dir: string;
+   *  root: string;
+   *  base: string;
+   *  name: string;
+   *  ext: string;
+   *  }}
+   */
+  parse(path) {
+    validateString(path, 'path');
+
+    const ret = { root: '', dir: '', base: '', ext: '', name: '' };
+    if (path.length === 0)
+      return ret;
+
+    const len = path.length;
+    let rootEnd = 0;
+    let code = path.charCodeAt(0);
+
+    if (len === 1) {
+      if (isPathSeparator(code)) {
+        // `path` contains just a path separator, exit early to avoid
+        // unnecessary work
+        ret.root = ret.dir = path;
+        return ret;
+      }
+      ret.base = ret.name = path;
+      return ret;
+    }
+    // Try to match a root
+    if (isPathSeparator(code)) {
+      // Possible UNC root
+
+      rootEnd = 1;
+      if (isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(1))) {
+        // Matched double path separator at beginning
+        let j = 2;
+        let last = j;
+        // Match 1 or more non-path separators
+        while (j < len &&
+               !isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(j))) {
+          j++;
+        }
+        if (j < len && j !== last) {
+          // Matched!
+          last = j;
+          // Match 1 or more path separators
+          while (j < len &&
+                 isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(j))) {
+            j++;
+          }
+          if (j < len && j !== last) {
+            // Matched!
+            last = j;
+            // Match 1 or more non-path separators
+            while (j < len &&
+                   !isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(j))) {
+              j++;
+            }
+            if (j === len) {
+              // We matched a UNC root only
+              rootEnd = j;
+            } else if (j !== last) {
+              // We matched a UNC root with leftovers
+              rootEnd = j + 1;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (isWindowsDeviceRoot(code) &&
+               path.charCodeAt(1) === CHAR_COLON) {
+      // Possible device root
+      if (len <= 2) {
+        // `path` contains just a drive root, exit early to avoid
+        // unnecessary work
+        ret.root = ret.dir = path;
+        return ret;
+      }
+      rootEnd = 2;
+      if (isPathSeparator(path.charCodeAt(2))) {
+        if (len === 3) {
+          // `path` contains just a drive root, exit early to avoid
+          // unnecessary work
+          ret.root = ret.dir = path;
+          return ret;
+        }
+        rootEnd = 3;
       }
-    } else if (end === -1) {
-      matchedSlash = false;
-      end = i + 1;
     }
+    if (rootEnd > 0)
+      ret.root = path.slice(0, rootEnd);
+
+    let startDot = -1;
+    let startPart = rootEnd;
+    let end = -1;
+    let matchedSlash = true;
+    let i = path.length - 1;
+
+    // Track the state of characters (if any) we see before our first dot and
+    // after any path separator we find
+    let preDotState = 0;
+
+    // Get non-dir info
+    for (; i >= rootEnd; --i) {
+      code = path.charCodeAt(i);
+      if (isPathSeparator(code)) {
+        // If we reached a path separator that was not part of a set of path
+        // separators at the end of the string, stop now
+        if (!matchedSlash) {
+          startPart = i + 1;
+          break;
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (end === -1) {
+        // We saw the first non-path separator, mark this as the end of our
+        // extension
+        matchedSlash = false;
+        end = i + 1;
+      }
+      if (code === CHAR_DOT) {
+        // If this is our first dot, mark it as the start of our extension
+        if (startDot === -1)
+          startDot = i;
+        else if (preDotState !== 1)
+          preDotState = 1;
+      } else if (startDot !== -1) {
+        // We saw a non-dot and non-path separator before our dot, so we should
+        // have a good chance at having a non-empty extension
+        preDotState = -1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (end !== -1) {
+      if (startDot === -1 ||
+          // We saw a non-dot character immediately before the dot
+          preDotState === 0 ||
+          // The (right-most) trimmed path component is exactly '..'
+          (preDotState === 1 &&
+           startDot === end - 1 &&
+           startDot === startPart + 1)) {
+        ret.base = ret.name = path.slice(startPart, end);
+      } else {
+        ret.name = path.slice(startPart, startDot);
+        ret.base = path.slice(startPart, end);
+        ret.ext = path.slice(startDot, end);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // If the directory is the root, use the entire root as the `dir` including
+    // the trailing slash if any (`C:\abc` -> `C:\`). Otherwise, strip out the
+    // trailing slash (`C:\abc\def` -> `C:\abc`).
+    if (startPart > 0 && startPart !== rootEnd)
+      ret.dir = path.slice(0, startPart - 1);
+    else
+      ret.dir = ret.root;
+
+    return ret;
+  },
+
+  matchesGlob(_path, _pattern) {
+    throw notSupported('path.matchesGlob');
+  },
+
+  sep: '\\',
+  delimiter: ';',
+  win32: null,
+  posix: null,
+};
+
+const posixCwd = (() => {
+  if (isWindows) {
+    // Converts Windows' backslash path separators to POSIX forward slashes
+    // and truncates any drive indicator
+    const regexp = /\\/g;
+    return () => {
+      const cwd = hostCwd().replace(regexp, '/');
+      return cwd.slice(cwd.indexOf('/'));
+    };
   }
-  return end === -1 ? "" : path.slice(start, end);
-}
 
-export function extname(path) {
-  validateString(path, "path");
-  let startDot = -1;
-  let startPart = 0;
-  let end = -1;
-  let matchedSlash = true;
-  let preDotState = 0;
-  for (let i = path.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
-    const code = path.charCodeAt(i);
-    if (code === SLASH) {
-      if (!matchedSlash) {
-        startPart = i + 1;
+  // We're already on POSIX, no need for any transformations
+  return () => hostCwd();
+})();
+
+const posix = {
+  /**
+   * path.resolve([from ...], to)
+   * @param {...string} args
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  resolve(...args) {
+    if (args.length === 0 || (args.length === 1 && (args[0] === '' || args[0] === '.'))) {
+      const cwd = posixCwd();
+      if (cwd.charCodeAt(0) === CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH) {
+        return cwd;
+      }
+    }
+    let resolvedPath = '';
+    let resolvedAbsolute = false;
+
+    for (let i = args.length - 1; i >= 0 && !resolvedAbsolute; i--) {
+      const path = args[i];
+      validateString(path, `paths[${i}]`);
+
+      // Skip empty entries
+      if (path.length === 0) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      resolvedPath = `${path}/${resolvedPath}`;
+      resolvedAbsolute =
+        path.charCodeAt(0) === CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH;
+    }
+
+    if (!resolvedAbsolute) {
+      const cwd = posixCwd();
+      resolvedPath = `${cwd}/${resolvedPath}`;
+      resolvedAbsolute =
+        cwd.charCodeAt(0) === CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH;
+    }
+
+    // At this point the path should be resolved to a full absolute path, but
+    // handle relative paths to be safe (might happen when process.cwd() fails)
+
+    // Normalize the path
+    resolvedPath = normalizeString(resolvedPath, !resolvedAbsolute, '/',
+                                   isPosixPathSeparator);
+
+    if (resolvedAbsolute) {
+      return `/${resolvedPath}`;
+    }
+    return resolvedPath.length > 0 ? resolvedPath : '.';
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} path
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  normalize(path) {
+    validateString(path, 'path');
+
+    if (path.length === 0)
+      return '.';
+
+    const isAbsolute =
+      path.charCodeAt(0) === CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH;
+    const trailingSeparator =
+      path.charCodeAt(path.length - 1) === CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH;
+
+    // Normalize the path
+    path = normalizeString(path, !isAbsolute, '/', isPosixPathSeparator);
+
+    if (path.length === 0) {
+      if (isAbsolute)
+        return '/';
+      return trailingSeparator ? './' : '.';
+    }
+    if (trailingSeparator)
+      path += '/';
+
+    return isAbsolute ? `/${path}` : path;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} path
+   * @returns {boolean}
+   */
+  isAbsolute(path) {
+    validateString(path, 'path');
+    return path.length > 0 &&
+           path.charCodeAt(0) === CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @param {...string} args
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  join(...args) {
+    if (args.length === 0)
+      return '.';
+
+    const path = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
+      const arg = args[i];
+      validateString(arg, 'path');
+      if (arg.length > 0) {
+        path.push(arg);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (path.length === 0)
+      return '.';
+
+    return posix.normalize(path.join('/'));
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} from
+   * @param {string} to
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  relative(from, to) {
+    validateString(from, 'from');
+    validateString(to, 'to');
+
+    if (from === to)
+      return '';
+
+    // Trim leading forward slashes.
+    from = posix.resolve(from);
+    to = posix.resolve(to);
+
+    if (from === to)
+      return '';
+
+    const fromStart = 1;
+    const fromEnd = from.length;
+    const fromLen = fromEnd - fromStart;
+    const toStart = 1;
+    const toLen = to.length - toStart;
+
+    // Compare paths to find the longest common path from root
+    const length = (fromLen < toLen ? fromLen : toLen);
+    let lastCommonSep = -1;
+    let i = 0;
+    for (; i < length; i++) {
+      const fromCode = from.charCodeAt(fromStart + i);
+      if (fromCode !== to.charCodeAt(toStart + i))
         break;
+      else if (fromCode === CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH)
+        lastCommonSep = i;
+    }
+    if (i === length) {
+      if (toLen > length) {
+        if (to.charCodeAt(toStart + i) === CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH) {
+          // We get here if `from` is the exact base path for `to`.
+          // For example: from='/foo/bar'; to='/foo/bar/baz'
+          return to.slice(toStart + i + 1);
+        }
+        if (i === 0) {
+          // We get here if `from` is the root
+          // For example: from='/'; to='/foo'
+          return to.slice(toStart + i);
+        }
+      } else if (fromLen > length) {
+        if (from.charCodeAt(fromStart + i) ===
+            CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH) {
+          // We get here if `to` is the exact base path for `from`.
+          // For example: from='/foo/bar/baz'; to='/foo/bar'
+          lastCommonSep = i;
+        } else if (i === 0) {
+          // We get here if `to` is the root.
+          // For example: from='/foo/bar'; to='/'
+          lastCommonSep = 0;
+        }
       }
-      continue;
     }
-    if (end === -1) {
-      matchedSlash = false;
-      end = i + 1;
+
+    let out = '';
+    // Generate the relative path based on the path difference between `to`
+    // and `from`.
+    for (i = fromStart + lastCommonSep + 1; i <= fromEnd; ++i) {
+      if (i === fromEnd ||
+          from.charCodeAt(i) === CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH) {
+        out += out.length === 0 ? '..' : '/..';
+      }
     }
-    if (code === DOT) {
-      if (startDot === -1) startDot = i;
-      else if (preDotState !== 1) preDotState = 1;
-    } else if (startDot !== -1) {
-      preDotState = -1;
+
+    // Lastly, append the rest of the destination (`to`) path that comes after
+    // the common path parts.
+    return `${out}${to.slice(toStart + lastCommonSep)}`;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} path
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  toNamespacedPath(path) {
+    // Non-op on posix systems
+    return path;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} path
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  dirname(path) {
+    validateString(path, 'path');
+    if (path.length === 0)
+      return '.';
+    const hasRoot = path.charCodeAt(0) === CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH;
+    let end = -1;
+    let matchedSlash = true;
+    for (let i = path.length - 1; i >= 1; --i) {
+      if (path.charCodeAt(i) === CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH) {
+        if (!matchedSlash) {
+          end = i;
+          break;
+        }
+      } else {
+        // We saw the first non-path separator
+        matchedSlash = false;
+      }
     }
-  }
-  if (startDot === -1 || end === -1 || preDotState === 0 ||
-      (preDotState === 1 && startDot === end - 1 && startDot === startPart + 1)) {
-    return "";
-  }
-  return path.slice(startDot, end);
-}
 
-const path = { sep, delimiter, resolve, normalize, isAbsolute, join, relative, dirname, basename, extname };
-path.posix = path;
-export const posix = path;
+    if (end === -1)
+      return hasRoot ? '/' : '.';
+    if (hasRoot && end === 1)
+      return '//';
+    return path.slice(0, end);
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} path
+   * @param {string} [suffix]
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  basename(path, suffix) {
+    if (suffix !== undefined)
+      validateString(suffix, 'suffix');
+    validateString(path, 'path');
+
+    let start = 0;
+    let end = -1;
+    let matchedSlash = true;
+
+    if (suffix !== undefined && suffix.length > 0 && suffix.length <= path.length) {
+      if (suffix === path)
+        return '';
+      let extIdx = suffix.length - 1;
+      let firstNonSlashEnd = -1;
+      for (let i = path.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+        const code = path.charCodeAt(i);
+        if (code === CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH) {
+          // If we reached a path separator that was not part of a set of path
+          // separators at the end of the string, stop now
+          if (!matchedSlash) {
+            start = i + 1;
+            break;
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (firstNonSlashEnd === -1) {
+            // We saw the first non-path separator, remember this index in case
+            // we need it if the extension ends up not matching
+            matchedSlash = false;
+            firstNonSlashEnd = i + 1;
+          }
+          if (extIdx >= 0) {
+            // Try to match the explicit extension
+            if (code === suffix.charCodeAt(extIdx)) {
+              if (--extIdx === -1) {
+                // We matched the extension, so mark this as the end of our path
+                // component
+                end = i;
+              }
+            } else {
+              // Extension does not match, so our result is the entire path
+              // component
+              extIdx = -1;
+              end = firstNonSlashEnd;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (start === end)
+        end = firstNonSlashEnd;
+      else if (end === -1)
+        end = path.length;
+      return path.slice(start, end);
+    }
+    for (let i = path.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+      if (path.charCodeAt(i) === CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH) {
+        // If we reached a path separator that was not part of a set of path
+        // separators at the end of the string, stop now
+        if (!matchedSlash) {
+          start = i + 1;
+          break;
+        }
+      } else if (end === -1) {
+        // We saw the first non-path separator, mark this as the end of our
+        // path component
+        matchedSlash = false;
+        end = i + 1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (end === -1)
+      return '';
+    return path.slice(start, end);
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} path
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
+  extname(path) {
+    validateString(path, 'path');
+    let startDot = -1;
+    let startPart = 0;
+    let end = -1;
+    let matchedSlash = true;
+    // Track the state of characters (if any) we see before our first dot and
+    // after any path separator we find
+    let preDotState = 0;
+    for (let i = path.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+      const char = path[i];
+      if (char === '/') {
+        // If we reached a path separator that was not part of a set of path
+        // separators at the end of the string, stop now
+        if (!matchedSlash) {
+          startPart = i + 1;
+          break;
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (end === -1) {
+        // We saw the first non-path separator, mark this as the end of our
+        // extension
+        matchedSlash = false;
+        end = i + 1;
+      }
+      if (char === '.') {
+        // If this is our first dot, mark it as the start of our extension
+        if (startDot === -1)
+          startDot = i;
+        else if (preDotState !== 1)
+          preDotState = 1;
+      } else if (startDot !== -1) {
+        // We saw a non-dot and non-path separator before our dot, so we should
+        // have a good chance at having a non-empty extension
+        preDotState = -1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (startDot === -1 ||
+        end === -1 ||
+        // We saw a non-dot character immediately before the dot
+        preDotState === 0 ||
+        // The (right-most) trimmed path component is exactly '..'
+        (preDotState === 1 &&
+         startDot === end - 1 &&
+         startDot === startPart + 1)) {
+      return '';
+    }
+    return path.slice(startDot, end);
+  },
+
+  format: _format.bind(null, '/'),
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} path
+   * @returns {{
+   *   dir: string;
+   *   root: string;
+   *   base: string;
+   *   name: string;
+   *   ext: string;
+   *   }}
+   */
+  parse(path) {
+    validateString(path, 'path');
+
+    const ret = { root: '', dir: '', base: '', ext: '', name: '' };
+    if (path.length === 0)
+      return ret;
+    const isAbsolute =
+      path.charCodeAt(0) === CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH;
+    let start;
+    if (isAbsolute) {
+      ret.root = '/';
+      start = 1;
+    } else {
+      start = 0;
+    }
+    let startDot = -1;
+    let startPart = 0;
+    let end = -1;
+    let matchedSlash = true;
+    let i = path.length - 1;
+
+    // Track the state of characters (if any) we see before our first dot and
+    // after any path separator we find
+    let preDotState = 0;
+
+    // Get non-dir info
+    for (; i >= start; --i) {
+      const code = path.charCodeAt(i);
+      if (code === CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH) {
+        // If we reached a path separator that was not part of a set of path
+        // separators at the end of the string, stop now
+        if (!matchedSlash) {
+          startPart = i + 1;
+          break;
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (end === -1) {
+        // We saw the first non-path separator, mark this as the end of our
+        // extension
+        matchedSlash = false;
+        end = i + 1;
+      }
+      if (code === CHAR_DOT) {
+        // If this is our first dot, mark it as the start of our extension
+        if (startDot === -1)
+          startDot = i;
+        else if (preDotState !== 1)
+          preDotState = 1;
+      } else if (startDot !== -1) {
+        // We saw a non-dot and non-path separator before our dot, so we should
+        // have a good chance at having a non-empty extension
+        preDotState = -1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (end !== -1) {
+      const start = startPart === 0 && isAbsolute ? 1 : startPart;
+      if (startDot === -1 ||
+          // We saw a non-dot character immediately before the dot
+          preDotState === 0 ||
+          // The (right-most) trimmed path component is exactly '..'
+          (preDotState === 1 &&
+          startDot === end - 1 &&
+          startDot === startPart + 1)) {
+        ret.base = ret.name = path.slice(start, end);
+      } else {
+        ret.name = path.slice(start, startDot);
+        ret.base = path.slice(start, end);
+        ret.ext = path.slice(startDot, end);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (startPart > 0)
+      ret.dir = path.slice(0, startPart - 1);
+    else if (isAbsolute)
+      ret.dir = '/';
+
+    return ret;
+  },
+
+  matchesGlob(_path, _pattern) {
+    throw notSupported('path.matchesGlob');
+  },
+
+  sep: '/',
+  delimiter: ':',
+  win32: null,
+  posix: null,
+};
+
+posix.win32 = win32.win32 = win32;
+posix.posix = win32.posix = posix;
+
+// Legacy internal API, docs-only deprecated: DEP0080
+win32._makeLong = win32.toNamespacedPath;
+posix._makeLong = posix.toNamespacedPath;
+
+const path = isWindows ? win32 : posix;
+export const {
+  resolve, normalize, isAbsolute, join, relative, toNamespacedPath, dirname, basename, extname, format, parse,
+  matchesGlob, sep, delimiter,
+} = path;
+export { posix, win32 };
 export default path;