valyrian.js 7.0.3 → 7.0.4

package/lib/index.ts

@@ -1,120 +1,182 @@
+/* eslint-disable no-use-before-define */
 /* eslint-disable indent */
 /* eslint-disable sonarjs/cognitive-complexity */
 /* eslint-disable complexity */
 
-export interface Props {
+// The VnodeProperties interface represents properties that can be passed to a virtual node.
+export interface VnodeProperties {
+  // A unique key for the virtual node, which can be a string or a number.
+  // This is useful for optimizing updates in a list of nodes.
   key?: string | number;
+  // A state object that is associated with the virtual node.
   state?: any;
-  oncreate?: {
-    // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars, no-use-before-define
-    (vnode: VnodeInterface): never;
-  };
-  onupdate?: {
-    // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars, no-use-before-define
-    (vnode: VnodeInterface, oldVnode: VnodeInterface): never;
-  };
-  onremove?: {
-    // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars, no-use-before-define
-    (oldVnode: VnodeInterface): never;
-  };
-  shouldupdate?: {
-    // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars, no-use-before-define
-    (vnode: VnodeInterface, oldVnode: VnodeInterface): undefined | boolean;
-  };
+  // An index signature that allows for any other properties to be added.
   [key: string | number | symbol]: any;
 }
+
+// The DomElement interface extends the Element interface with an index signature.
+// This allows for any additional properties to be added to DOM elements.
 export interface DomElement extends Element {
   [key: string]: any;
 }
+
+// The VnodeInterface represents a virtual node. It has a number of optional fields,
+// including a tag, props, children, and a DOM element.
 export interface VnodeInterface {
-  // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars, no-use-before-define
-  new (tag: string | Component | POJOComponent, props: Props, children: Children): VnodeInterface;
-  // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars, no-use-before-define
+  // The constructor for the virtual node. It takes a tag, props, and children as arguments.
+  // The tag can be a string, a component, or a POJO component.
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
+  new (tag: string | Component | POJOComponent, props: VnodeProperties, children: Children): VnodeInterface;
+  // The tag for the virtual node. It can be a string, a component, or a POJO component.
   tag: string | Component | POJOComponent;
-  props: Props;
-  // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars, no-use-before-define
+  // The props for the virtual node.
+  props: VnodeProperties;
+  // The children for the virtual node.
   children: Children;
+  // A boolean indicating whether the virtual node is an SVG element.
   isSVG?: boolean;
+  // The DOM element that corresponds to the virtual node.
   dom?: DomElement;
+  // A boolean indicating whether the virtual node has been processed in the keyed diffing algorithm.
   processed?: boolean;
+  // An index signature that allows for any additional properties to be added to the virtual node.
   [key: string | number | symbol]: any;
 }
+
+// The VnodeWithDom interface represents a virtual node that has a DOM element associated with it.
 export interface VnodeWithDom extends VnodeInterface {
   dom: DomElement;
 }
+
+// The Component interface represents a function that returns a virtual node or a list of virtual nodes.
+// It can also have additional properties.
 export interface Component {
-  // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars, no-use-before-define
-  (props?: Props | null, ...children: any[]): VnodeInterface | Children | any;
+  // The function that returns a virtual node or a list of virtual nodes.
+  // It can take props and children as arguments.
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
+  (props?: VnodeProperties | null, ...children: any[]): VnodeInterface | Children | any;
+  // An index signature that allows for any additional properties to be added to the component.
   [key: string]: any;
 }
+
+// The POJOComponent interface represents a "plain old JavaScript object" (POJO) component.
+// It has a view function that returns a virtual node or a list of virtual nodes,
+// as well as optional props and children.
+// It can be used also to identify class instance components.
 export interface POJOComponent {
+  // The view function that returns a virtual node or a list of virtual nodes.
   view: Component;
-  props?: Props | null;
+  // The props for the component.
+  props?: VnodeProperties | null;
+  // The children for the component.
   children?: any[];
+  // An index signature that allows for any additional properties to be added to the POJO component.
   [key: string]: any;
 }
+
+// The VnodeComponentInterface represents a virtual node that has a component as its tag.
+// It has props and children, just like a regular virtual node.
 export interface VnodeComponentInterface extends VnodeInterface {
   tag: Component | POJOComponent;
-  props: Props;
-  // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars, no-use-before-define
+  props: VnodeProperties;
   children: Children;
 }
+
+// The Children interface represents a list of virtual nodes or other values.
 export interface Children extends Array<VnodeInterface | VnodeComponentInterface | any> {}
+
+// The Directive interface represents a function that can be applied to a virtual node.
+// It receives the value, virtual node, and old virtual node as arguments, and can return a boolean value.
+// If only the virtual node is passed, it means its the on create phase for the v-node.
+// If the old virtual node is also passed, it means its the on update phase for the v-node.
 export interface Directive {
-  // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars, no-use-before-define
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
   (value: any, vnode: VnodeWithDom, oldVnode?: VnodeWithDom): void | boolean;
 }
+
+// The Directives interface is a mapping of directive names to Directive functions.
 export interface Directives {
   [key: string]: Directive;
 }
+
+// The ReservedProps interface is a mapping of reserved prop names to the value `true`.
+// These prop names cannot be used as custom prop names.
 export interface ReservedProps {
   [key: string]: true;
 }
+
+// The Current interface represents the current component and virtual node that are being processed.
 export interface Current {
+  // The current component. It can be a component, a POJO component, or null.
   component: Component | POJOComponent | null;
+  // The current virtual node. It must have a DOM element associated with it.
   vnode: VnodeWithDom | null;
+  // The old virtual node. It must have a DOM element associated with it.
   oldVnode?: VnodeWithDom | null;
 }
+
+// The V function is the main function for creating virtual nodes.
+// It takes a tag or component, props, and children as arguments, and returns a virtual node.
 export interface V {
   // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars, no-use-before-define
-  (tagOrComponent: string | Component | POJOComponent, props: Props | null, ...children: Children):
+  (tagOrComponent: string | Component | POJOComponent, props: VnodeProperties | null, ...children: Children):
     | VnodeInterface
     | VnodeComponentInterface;
   // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars, no-use-before-define
   fragment(_: any, ...children: Children): Children;
 }
-
+// 'textTag' is a constant string that is used to represent text nodes in the virtual DOM.
 const textTag = "#text";
 
+// 'isNodeJs' is a boolean that is true if the code is running in a Node.js environment and false otherwise.
+// It is determined by checking if the 'process' global object is defined and has a 'versions' property.
 export let isNodeJs = Boolean(typeof process !== "undefined" && process.versions && process.versions.node);
 
+// 'createDomElement' is a function that creates a new DOM element with the specified tag name.
+// If 'isSVG' is true, it creates an SVG element instead of a regular DOM element.
 export function createDomElement(tag: string, isSVG: boolean = false): DomElement {
   return isSVG ? document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", tag) : document.createElement(tag);
 }
 
-export const Vnode = function Vnode(this: VnodeInterface, tag: string, props: Props, children: Children) {
+// 'Vnode' is a class that represents a virtual DOM node.
+// It has three properties: 'tag', 'props', and 'children'.
+// 'Vnode' is exported as an object with a type of 'VnodeInterface'.
+// The 'as unknown as VnodeInterface' is used to tell TypeScript that the 'Vnode' function has the same type as 'VnodeInterface'.
+export const Vnode = function Vnode(this: VnodeInterface, tag: string, props: VnodeProperties, children: Children) {
+  // 'this' refers to the current instance of 'Vnode'.
   this.tag = tag;
   this.props = props;
   this.children = children;
 } as unknown as VnodeInterface;
 
+// 'isComponent' is a function that returns true if the given 'component' is a valid component and false otherwise.
+// A component is either a function or an object with a 'view' function.
 export function isComponent(component): component is Component {
   return component && (typeof component === "function" || (typeof component === "object" && "view" in component));
 }
 
+// 'isVnode' is a function that returns true if the given 'object' is a 'Vnode' instance and false otherwise.
 export const isVnode = (object?: unknown | VnodeInterface): object is VnodeInterface => {
+  // Use the 'instanceof' operator to check if 'object' is an instance of 'Vnode'.
   return object instanceof Vnode;
 };
 
+// 'isVnodeComponent' is a function that returns true if the given 'object' is a 'Vnode' instance with a 'tag' property that is a valid component.
+// It returns false otherwise.
 export const isVnodeComponent = (object?: unknown | VnodeComponentInterface): object is VnodeComponentInterface => {
+  // Check if 'object' is a 'Vnode' instance and its 'tag' property is a valid component.
   return isVnode(object) && isComponent(object.tag);
 };
 
-// Transforms a DOM node to a VNode
+// 'domToVnode' is a function that converts a DOM node to a 'Vnode' instance.
 function domToVnode(dom: any): VnodeWithDom {
   let children: VnodeWithDom[] = [];
+  // Iterate through all child nodes of 'dom'.
   for (let i = 0, l = dom.childNodes.length; i < l; i++) {
     let childDom = dom.childNodes[i];
+    // If the child node is a text node, create a 'Vnode' instance with the 'textTag' constant as the 'tag' property.
+    // Set the 'dom' property of the 'Vnode' instance to the child DOM node.
+    // Push the 'Vnode' instance to the 'children' array.
     if (childDom.nodeType === 3) {
       let vnode = new Vnode(textTag, {}, []);
       vnode.dom = childDom;
@@ -122,22 +184,34 @@ function domToVnode(dom: any): VnodeWithDom {
       continue;
     }
 
+    // If the child node is an element node, recursively call 'domToVnode' to convert it to a 'Vnode' instance.
+    // Push the 'Vnode' instance to the 'children' array.
     if (childDom.nodeType === 1) {
       children.push(domToVnode(childDom));
     }
   }
 
-  let props: Props = {};
+  let props: VnodeProperties = {};
+  // Iterate through all attributes of 'dom'.
   for (let i = 0, l = dom.attributes.length; i < l; i++) {
     let attr = dom.attributes[i];
+    // Add the attribute to the 'props' object, using the attribute's name as the key and its value as the value.
     props[attr.nodeName] = attr.nodeValue;
   }
 
+  // Create a new 'Vnode' instance with the 'tag' property set to the lowercase version of the DOM node's tag name.
+  // Set the 'props' and 'children' properties to the 'props' and 'children' arrays respectively.
+  // Set the 'dom' property of the 'Vnode' instance to the DOM node.
   let vnode = new Vnode(dom.tagName.toLowerCase(), props, children);
   vnode.dom = dom;
   return vnode as VnodeWithDom;
 }
 
+// This function takes in an HTML string and creates a virtual node representation of it
+// using the `domToVnode` function. It does this by creating a new `div` element, setting
+// its `innerHTML` to the provided HTML string, and then using `map` to iterate over the
+// `childNodes` of the `div` element, passing each one to `domToVnode` to create a virtual
+// node representation of it. The resulting array of virtual nodes is then returned.
 export function trust(htmlString: string) {
   let div = createDomElement("div");
   div.innerHTML = htmlString.trim();
@@ -149,10 +223,13 @@ export function trust(htmlString: string) {
 /* Main Component implementation                                              */
 /* ========================================================================== */
 
+// These variables are used to store the main component, the main virtual node, and whether
+// the main component is currently mounted.
 let mainComponent: VnodeComponentInterface | null = null;
 let mainVnode: VnodeWithDom | null = null;
 let isMounted = false;
 
+// This object is used to store the current virtual node and component being rendered.
 export const current: Current = {
   vnode: null,
   oldVnode: null,
@@ -160,6 +237,8 @@ export const current: Current = {
 };
 
 /* Reserved props ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+// This object is used to store the names of reserved props, which are props that are reserved
+// for special purposes and should not be used as regular component props.
 export const reservedProps: Record<string, true> = {
   key: true,
   state: true,
@@ -179,13 +258,18 @@ export const reservedProps: Record<string, true> = {
 };
 
 /* Mounting, Updating, Cleanup and Unmounting ------------------------------- */
+// These sets are used to store callbacks for various lifecycle events: mounting, updating,
+// cleaning up, and unmounting.
 const onCleanupSet: Set<Function> = new Set();
 const onMountSet: Set<Function> = new Set();
 const onUpdateSet: Set<Function> = new Set();
 const onUnmountSet: Set<Function> = new Set();
 
+// These functions allow users to register callbacks for the corresponding lifecycle events.
 export function onMount(callback) {
-  onMountSet.add(callback);
+  if (!isMounted) {
+    onMountSet.add(callback);
+  }
 }
 
 export function onUpdate(callback) {
@@ -197,9 +281,12 @@ export function onCleanup(callback) {
 }
 
 export function onUnmount(callback) {
-  onUnmountSet.add(callback);
+  if (!isMounted) {
+    onUnmountSet.add(callback);
+  }
 }
 
+// This function is used to call all the callbacks in a given set.
 function callSet(set) {
   for (let callback of set) {
     callback();
@@ -209,15 +296,27 @@ function callSet(set) {
 }
 
 /* Event listener ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+// This object stores the names of event listeners that have been added
 const eventListenerNames: Record<string, true> = {};
+
+// This function is called when an event occurs
 function eventListener(e: Event) {
+  // Convert the target of the event to a DOM element
   let dom = e.target as DomElement;
+
+  // Create the name of the event listener by adding "v-on" to the event type
   let name = `v-on${e.type}`;
+
+  // Keep going up the DOM tree until we find an element with an event listener
+  // matching the event type
   while (dom) {
     if (dom[name]) {
+      // Call the event listener function
       dom[name](e, dom);
+
+      // If the default action of the event hasn't been prevented, update the DOM
       if (!e.defaultPrevented) {
-        // eslint-disable-next-line no-use-before-define
         update();
       }
       return;
@@ -227,8 +326,13 @@ function eventListener(e: Event) {
 }
 
 /* Directives --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+// This function creates a directive that hides an element based on a condition
 let hideDirective = (test: boolean) => (bool: boolean, vnode: VnodeInterface, oldnode?: VnodeInterface) => {
+  // If test is true, use the value of bool. Otherwise, use the opposite of bool.
   let value = test ? bool : !bool;
+
+  // If the value is true, hide the element by replacing it with a text node
   if (value) {
     let newdom = document.createTextNode("");
     if (oldnode && oldnode.dom && oldnode.dom.parentNode) {
@@ -242,9 +346,15 @@ let hideDirective = (test: boolean) => (bool: boolean, vnode: VnodeInterface, ol
   }
 };
 
+// This object stores all the available directives
 export const directives: Directives = {
+  // The "v-if" directive hides an element if the given condition is false
   "v-if": hideDirective(false),
+
+  // The "v-unless" directive hides an element if the given condition is true
   "v-unless": hideDirective(true),
+
+  // The "v-for" directive creates a loop and applies a callback function to each item in the loop
   "v-for": (set: unknown[], vnode: VnodeWithDom) => {
     let newChildren: VnodeInterface[] = [];
     let callback = vnode.children[0];
@@ -253,6 +363,8 @@ export const directives: Directives = {
     }
     vnode.children = newChildren;
   },
+
+  // The "v-show" directive shows or hides an element by setting the "display" style property
   "v-show": (bool: boolean, vnode: VnodeWithDom) => {
     (
       vnode.dom as unknown as {
@@ -260,22 +372,35 @@ export const directives: Directives = {
       }
     ).style.display = bool ? "" : "none";
   },
+
+  // The "v-class" directive adds or removes class names from an element based on a condition
   "v-class": (classes: { [x: string]: boolean }, vnode: VnodeWithDom) => {
+    // Loop through all the class names in the classes object
     for (let name in classes) {
+      // Add or remove the class name from the element's class list based on the value in the classes object
       (vnode.dom as DomElement).classList.toggle(name, classes[name]);
     }
   },
+
+  // The "v-html" directive sets the inner HTML of an element to the given HTML string
   "v-html": (html: string, vnode: VnodeWithDom) => {
+    // Set the children of the vnode to a trusted version of the HTML string
     vnode.children = [trust(html)];
   },
+
+  // The "v-model" directive binds the value of an input element to a model property
   "v-model": ([model, property, event]: any[], vnode: VnodeWithDom, oldVnode?: VnodeWithDom) => {
     let value;
+    // This function updates the model property when the input element's value changes
     let handler = (e: Event) => (model[property] = (e.target as DomElement & Record<string, any>).value);
     if (vnode.tag === "input") {
+      // If the element is an input, use the "input" event by default
       event = event || "oninput";
+      // Depending on the type of input element, use a different handler function
       switch (vnode.props.type) {
         case "checkbox": {
           if (Array.isArray(model[property])) {
+            // If the model property is an array, add or remove the value from the array when the checkbox is checked or unchecked
             handler = (e: Event) => {
               let val = (e.target as DomElement & Record<string, any>).value;
               let idx = model[property].indexOf(val);
@@ -285,8 +410,10 @@ export const directives: Directives = {
                 model[property].splice(idx, 1);
               }
             };
+            // If the value is in the array, set the checkbox to be checked
             value = model[property].indexOf(vnode.dom.value) !== -1;
           } else if ("value" in vnode.props) {
+            // If the input element has a "value" attribute, use it to determine the checked state
             handler = () => {
               if (model[property] === vnode.props.value) {
                 model[property] = null;
@@ -296,29 +423,36 @@ export const directives: Directives = {
             };
             value = model[property] === vnode.props.value;
           } else {
+            // If there is no "value" attribute, use a boolean value for the model property
             handler = () => (model[property] = !model[property]);
             value = model[property];
           }
+          // Set the "checked" attribute on the input element
           // eslint-disable-next-line no-use-before-define
           sharedSetAttribute("checked", value, vnode);
           break;
         }
         case "radio": {
+          // If the element is a radio button, set the "checked" attribute based on the value of the model property
           // eslint-disable-next-line no-use-before-define
           sharedSetAttribute("checked", model[property] === vnode.dom.value, vnode);
           break;
         }
         default: {
+          // For all other input types, set the "value" attribute based on the value of the model property
           // eslint-disable-next-line no-use-before-define
           sharedSetAttribute("value", model[property], vnode);
         }
       }
     } else if (vnode.tag === "select") {
+      // If the element is a select element, use the "click" event by default
       event = event || "onclick";
       if (vnode.props.multiple) {
+        // If the select element allows multiple selections, update the model property with an array of selected values
         handler = (e: Event & Record<string, any>) => {
           let val = (e.target as DomElement & Record<string, any>).value;
           if (e.ctrlKey) {
+            // If the Ctrl key is pressed, add or remove the value from the array
             let idx = model[property].indexOf(val);
             if (idx === -1) {
               model[property].push(val);
@@ -326,10 +460,12 @@ export const directives: Directives = {
               model[property].splice(idx, 1);
             }
           } else {
+            // If the Ctrl key is not pressed, set the model property to an array with the selected value
             model[property].splice(0, model[property].length);
             model[property].push(val);
           }
         };
+        // Set the "selected" attribute on the options based on whether they are in the model property array
         vnode.children.forEach((child: VnodeInterface) => {
           if (child.tag === "option") {
             let value = "value" in child.props ? child.props.value : child.children.join("").trim();
@@ -337,6 +473,7 @@ export const directives: Directives = {
           }
         });
       } else {
+        // If the select element does not allow multiple selections, set the "selected" attribute on the options based on the value of the model property
         vnode.children.forEach((child: VnodeInterface) => {
           if (child.tag === "option") {
             let value = "value" in child.props ? child.props.value : child.children.join("").trim();
@@ -345,20 +482,23 @@ export const directives: Directives = {
         });
       }
     } else if (vnode.tag === "textarea") {
+      // If the element is a textarea, use the "input" event by default
       event = event || "oninput";
+      // Set the textarea's content to the value of the model property
       vnode.children = [model[property]];
     }
 
     // We assume that the prev handler if any will not be changed by the user across patchs
     let prevHandler = vnode.props[event];
 
+    // Set the event handler on the element
     // eslint-disable-next-line no-use-before-define
     sharedSetAttribute(
       event,
       (e: Event) => {
         handler(e);
 
-        // If the user has defined a handler for the event, we call it right away
+        // If the previous handler is defined, call it after the model has been updated
         if (prevHandler) {
           prevHandler(e);
         }
@@ -368,43 +508,73 @@ export const directives: Directives = {
     );
   },
 
+  // The "v-create" directive is called when a new virtual node is created.
+  // The provided callback function is called with the new virtual node as an argument.
+  // This directive is only called once per virtual node, when it is first created.
   // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
   "v-create": (callback: (vnode: VnodeWithDom) => void, vnode: VnodeWithDom, oldVnode?: VnodeWithDom) => {
+    // If this is not an update, call the callback function with the new virtual node
     if (!oldVnode) {
-      callback(vnode);
+      let cleanup = callback(vnode);
+
+      // If the callback function returns a function, call it when the update is gonna be cleaned up
+      if (typeof cleanup === "function") {
+        onCleanup(cleanup);
+      }
     }
   },
 
+  // The "v-update" directive is called when an existing virtual node is updated.
+  // The provided callback function is called with the new and old virtual nodes as arguments.
+  // This directive is only called once per virtual node update.
   "v-update": (
     // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
     callback: (vnode: VnodeWithDom, oldVnode: VnodeWithDom) => void,
     vnode: VnodeWithDom,
     oldVnode?: VnodeWithDom
   ) => {
+    // If this is an update, call the callback function with the new and old virtual nodes
     if (oldVnode) {
-      callback(vnode, oldVnode);
+      let cleanup = callback(vnode, oldVnode);
+
+      // If the callback function returns a function, call it when the update is gonna be cleaned up
+      if (typeof cleanup === "function") {
+        onCleanup(cleanup);
+      }
     }
   },
 
+  // The "v-cleanup" directive is called when the update is cleaned up.
+  // The provided callback function is called with the old virtual node as an argument.
+  // This directive is only called once per virtual node, when the update is cleaned up.
   "v-cleanup": (
     // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
     callback: (vnode: VnodeWithDom, oldVnode?: VnodeWithDom) => void,
     vnode: VnodeWithDom,
     oldVnode?: VnodeWithDom
   ) => {
+    // Add the callback function to the list of cleanup functions to be called when the update is cleaned up
     onCleanup(() => callback(vnode, oldVnode));
   }
 };
-
+// Add a directive to the global directives object, with the key being the name
+// preceded by "v-". Also add the name to the global reservedProps object.
 export function directive(name: string, directive: Directive) {
   let directiveName = `v-${name}`;
   directives[directiveName] = directive;
   reservedProps[directiveName] = true;
 }
 
-/* Set attribute ------------------------------------------------------------ */
+// Set an attribute on a virtual DOM node and update the actual DOM element.
+// If the attribute value is a function, add an event listener for the attribute
+// name to the DOM element represented by mainVnode.
+// If oldVnode is provided, compare the new attribute value to the old value
+// and only update the attribute if the values are different.
 function sharedSetAttribute(name: string, value: any, newVnode: VnodeWithDom, oldVnode?: VnodeWithDom): void | boolean {
+  // If the attribute value is a function, add an event listener for the attribute
+  // name to the DOM element represented by mainVnode.
   if (typeof value === "function") {
+    // Only add the event listener if it hasn't been added yet.
     if (name in eventListenerNames === false) {
       (mainVnode as VnodeWithDom).dom.addEventListener(name.slice(2), eventListener);
       eventListenerNames[name] = true;
@@ -413,6 +583,8 @@ function sharedSetAttribute(name: string, value: any, newVnode: VnodeWithDom, ol
     return;
   }
 
+  // If the attribute is present on the DOM element and newVnode is not an SVG,
+  // update the attribute if the value has changed.
   if (name in newVnode.dom && newVnode.isSVG === false) {
     // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
     if (newVnode.dom[name] != value) {
@@ -421,6 +593,8 @@ function sharedSetAttribute(name: string, value: any, newVnode: VnodeWithDom, ol
     return;
   }
 
+  // If oldVnode is not provided or the attribute value has changed, update the
+  // attribute on the DOM element.
   if (!oldVnode || value !== oldVnode.props[name]) {
     if (value === false) {
       newVnode.dom.removeAttribute(name);
@@ -430,6 +604,8 @@ function sharedSetAttribute(name: string, value: any, newVnode: VnodeWithDom, ol
   }
 }
 
+// Set an attribute on a virtual DOM node and update the actual DOM element.
+// Skip the attribute if it is in the reservedProps object.
 export function setAttribute(name: string, value: any, newVnode: VnodeWithDom, oldVnode?: VnodeWithDom): void {
   if (name in reservedProps) {
     return;
@@ -438,7 +614,17 @@ export function setAttribute(name: string, value: any, newVnode: VnodeWithDom, o
   sharedSetAttribute(name, value, newVnode as VnodeWithDom, oldVnode);
 }
 
+// Update the attributes on a virtual DOM node. If oldVnode is provided, remove
+// attributes from the DOM element that are not present in newVnode.props but are
+// present in oldVnode.props. Then, iterate over the attributes in newVnode.props
+// and update the DOM element with the attributes using the sharedSetAttribute
+// function. If an attribute is in the reservedProps object and has a corresponding
+// directive in the directives object, call the directive with the attribute value
+// and the two virtual DOM nodes as arguments. If the directive returns false, exit
+// the loop.
 export function updateAttributes(newVnode: VnodeWithDom, oldVnode?: VnodeWithDom): void {
+  // If oldVnode is provided, remove attributes from the DOM element that are not
+  // present in newVnode.props but are present in oldVnode.props.
   if (oldVnode) {
     for (let name in oldVnode.props) {
       if (name in newVnode.props === false && name in eventListenerNames === false && name in reservedProps === false) {
@@ -451,8 +637,13 @@ export function updateAttributes(newVnode: VnodeWithDom, oldVnode?: VnodeWithDom
     }
   }
 
+  // Iterate over the attributes in newVnode.props and update the DOM element with
+  // the attributes using the sharedSetAttribute function.
   for (let name in newVnode.props) {
     if (name in reservedProps) {
+      // If there is a directive for the attribute, call it with the attribute value
+      // and the two virtual DOM nodes as arguments. If the directive returns false,
+      // exit the loop.
       if (name in directives && directives[name](newVnode.props[name], newVnode, oldVnode) === false) {
         break;
       }
@@ -466,53 +657,73 @@ export function updateAttributes(newVnode: VnodeWithDom, oldVnode?: VnodeWithDom
 
 // Patch a DOM node with a new VNode tree
 export function patch(newVnode: VnodeWithDom, oldVnode?: VnodeWithDom): void {
+  // Get the children of the new and old virtual DOM nodes
   let newTree = newVnode.children;
   let oldTree = oldVnode?.children || [];
+  // Get the length of the old tree
   let oldTreeLength = oldTree.length;
 
-  // Is keyed list and update in place
+  // If the old tree has children and the first child of the new tree is a VNode with a "key"
+  // attribute and the first child of the old tree is a VNode with a "key" attribute, update
+  // the DOM element in place by comparing the keys of the nodes in the trees.
   if (oldTreeLength && newTree[0] instanceof Vnode && "key" in newTree[0].props && "key" in oldTree[0].props) {
+    // Get the lengths of the new and old trees
     let newTreeLength = newTree.length;
 
+    // Create an object that maps keys to indices in the old tree
     let oldKeyedList: { [key: string]: number } = {};
     for (let i = 0; i < oldTreeLength; i++) {
       oldKeyedList[oldTree[i].props.key] = i;
     }
 
+    // Create an object that maps keys to indices in the new tree
     let newKeyedList: { [key: string]: number } = {};
     for (let i = 0; i < newTreeLength; i++) {
       newKeyedList[newTree[i].props.key] = i;
     }
 
+    // Iterate over the new tree
     for (let i = 0; i < newTreeLength; i++) {
+      // Get the current new child and the corresponding old child
       let newChild = newTree[i];
       let oldChild = oldTree[oldKeyedList[newChild.props.key]];
+      // Initialize a flag to determine whether to patch the child
       let shouldPatch = true;
 
+      // If the old child exists, update the DOM element of the new child to match the old child's DOM element
       if (oldChild) {
         newChild.dom = oldChild.dom;
+        // If the new and old children have the same "v-keep" attribute value, update the children of the new child to match the old child's children
         if ("v-keep" in newChild.props && newChild.props["v-keep"] === oldChild.props["v-keep"]) {
           newChild.children = oldChild.children;
+          // Set the shouldPatch flag to false
           shouldPatch = false;
         } else {
           updateAttributes(newChild, oldChild);
         }
+
+        // If the old child does not exist, create a new DOM element for the new child and update its attributes
       } else {
         newChild.dom = createDomElement(newChild.tag, newChild.isSVG);
         updateAttributes(newChild);
       }
 
+      // If the new child's DOM element is not the i-th child of the parent DOM element, insert it
       if (!newVnode.dom.childNodes[i]) {
         newVnode.dom.appendChild(newChild.dom);
+
+        // If the new child's DOM element is not the same as the i-th child of the parent DOM element, replace the i-th child with the new child's DOM element
       } else if (newVnode.dom.childNodes[i] !== newChild.dom) {
         newVnode.dom.replaceChild(newChild.dom, newVnode.dom.childNodes[i]);
       }
 
+      // If the shouldPatch flag is true, recursively call the patch function on the new child, passing in the old child as the second argument
       shouldPatch && patch(newChild, oldChild);
     }
 
-    // For the rest of the children, we should remove them
+    // For the rest of the children, we should remove them from the DOM
     for (let i = newTreeLength; i < oldTreeLength; i++) {
+      // If the i-th child of the old tree does not have a corresponding key in the new tree, remove its DOM element from the parent DOM element
       if (!newKeyedList[oldTree[i].props.key]) {
         oldTree[i].dom.parentNode && oldTree[i].dom.parentNode.removeChild(oldTree[i].dom);
       }
@@ -520,21 +731,27 @@ export function patch(newVnode: VnodeWithDom, oldVnode?: VnodeWithDom): void {
     return;
   }
 
+  // If the new tree has no children, set the text content of the parent DOM element to an empty string
   if (newTree.length === 0) {
     newVnode.dom.textContent = "";
     return;
   }
 
+  // Set the global current object to the new and old virtual DOM nodes
   current.vnode = newVnode;
   current.oldVnode = oldVnode;
 
-  // Flat newTree
+  // Flatten the new tree
   for (let i = 0; i < newTree.length; i++) {
     let newChild = newTree[i];
 
+    // If the new child is a Vnode and is not a text node
     if (newChild instanceof Vnode && newChild.tag !== textTag) {
+      // If the tag of the new child is not a string, it is a component
       if (typeof newChild.tag !== "string") {
+        // Set the current component to the tag of the new child
         current.component = newChild.tag;
+        // Replace the new child with the result of calling its view or bind method, passing in the props and children as arguments
         newTree.splice(
           i--,
           1,
@@ -546,57 +763,81 @@ export function patch(newVnode: VnodeWithDom, oldVnode?: VnodeWithDom): void {
         continue;
       }
 
+      // Set the isSVG flag for the new child if it is an SVG element or if the parent is an SVG element
       newChild.isSVG = newVnode.isSVG || newChild.tag === "svg";
 
+      // If there is an old child at the same index
       if (i < oldTreeLength) {
         let oldChild = oldTree[i];
+        // If the tag of the new child is the same as the tag of the old child
         if (newChild.tag === oldChild.tag) {
+          // Set the dom property of the new child to the dom property of the old child
           newChild.dom = oldChild.dom;
+          // If the v-keep prop is the same for both the new and old child, set the children of the new child to the children of the old child
           if ("v-keep" in newChild.props && newChild.props["v-keep"] === oldChild.props["v-keep"]) {
             newChild.children = oldChild.children;
             continue;
           }
 
+          // Update the attributes of the new child based on the old child
           updateAttributes(newChild as VnodeWithDom, oldChild);
+          // Recursively patch the new and old children
           patch(newChild as VnodeWithDom, oldChild);
           continue;
         }
 
+        // Create a new dom element for the new child
         newChild.dom = createDomElement(newChild.tag, newChild.isSVG);
+        // Update the attributes of the new child
         updateAttributes(newChild as VnodeWithDom);
+        // Replace the old child in the dom with the new child
         newVnode.dom.replaceChild(newChild.dom, oldChild.dom);
+        // Recursively patch the new child
         patch(newChild as VnodeWithDom);
         continue;
       }
 
+      // Create a new dom element for the new child
       newChild.dom = createDomElement(newChild.tag, newChild.isSVG);
+      // Update the attributes of the new child
       updateAttributes(newChild as VnodeWithDom);
+      // Append the new child to the dom
       newVnode.dom.appendChild(newChild.dom);
+      // Recursively patch the new child
       patch(newChild as VnodeWithDom);
       continue;
     }
 
+    // If the new child is an array, flatten it and continue the loop
     if (Array.isArray(newChild)) {
       newTree.splice(i--, 1, ...newChild);
       continue;
     }
 
+    // If the new child is null or undefined, remove it from the new tree and continue the loop
     if (newChild === null || newChild === undefined) {
       newTree.splice(i--, 1);
       continue;
     }
 
+    // If the new child is not a Vnode, wrap it in a text Vnode
     newTree[i] = new Vnode(textTag, {}, []);
+    // If the new child is a Vnode, set the dom property of the text Vnode to the dom property of the new child
     if (newChild instanceof Vnode) {
       newTree[i].dom = newChild.dom;
+      // Set the new child to the text content of its dom property
       newChild = (newChild as VnodeWithDom).dom.textContent;
     }
 
+    // If there is an old child at the same index
     if (i < oldTreeLength) {
       let oldChild = oldTree[i];
 
+      // If the old child is a text node
       if (oldChild.tag === textTag) {
+        // Set the dom property of the text Vnode to the dom property of the old child
         newTree[i].dom = oldChild.dom;
+        // If the text content of the old child is different from the new child, update the text content of the old child
         // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
         if (newChild != oldChild.dom.textContent) {
           oldChild.dom.textContent = newChild;
@@ -604,61 +845,93 @@ export function patch(newVnode: VnodeWithDom, oldVnode?: VnodeWithDom): void {
         continue;
       }
 
+      // Create a new text node for the new child
       newTree[i].dom = document.createTextNode(newChild);
+      // Replace the old child in the dom with the new text node
       newVnode.dom.replaceChild(newTree[i].dom, oldChild.dom);
       continue;
     }
 
+    // Create a new text node for the new child
     newTree[i].dom = document.createTextNode(newChild);
+    // Append the new text node to the dom
     newVnode.dom.appendChild(newTree[i].dom);
   }
 
+  // Remove any old children that are no longer present in the new tree
   for (let i = newTree.length; i < oldTreeLength; i++) {
     newVnode.dom.removeChild(oldTree[i].dom);
   }
 }
 
+// Update the main Vnode
 export function update(): void | string {
+  // If the main Vnode exists
   if (mainVnode) {
+    // Call any cleanup functions that are registered with the onCleanupSet set
     callSet(onCleanupSet);
+    // Store a reference to the old main Vnode
     let oldMainVnode = mainVnode;
+    // Create a new main Vnode with the main component as its only child
     mainVnode = new Vnode(oldMainVnode.tag, oldMainVnode.props, [mainComponent]) as VnodeWithDom;
     mainVnode.dom = oldMainVnode.dom;
     mainVnode.isSVG = oldMainVnode.isSVG;
+
+    // Recursively patch the new and old main Vnodes
     patch(mainVnode, oldMainVnode);
+
+    // Call any update or mount functions that are registered with the onUpdateSet or onMountSet set
     callSet(isMounted ? onUpdateSet : onMountSet);
+
+    // Set the isMounted flag to true
     isMounted = true;
+
+    // Reset the current vnode, oldVnode, and component properties
     current.vnode = null;
     current.oldVnode = null;
     current.component = null;
+
+    // If the code is running in a Node.js environment, return the inner HTML of the main Vnode's dom element
     if (isNodeJs) {
       return mainVnode.dom.innerHTML;
     }
   }
 }
 
+// Unmount the main Vnode
 export function unmount() {
+  // If the main Vnode exists
   if (mainVnode) {
+    // Set the main component to a null Vnode
     mainComponent = new Vnode(() => null, {}, []) as VnodeComponentInterface;
+    // Update the main Vnode
     let result = update();
+    // Call any unmount functions that are registered with the onUnmountSet set
     callSet(onUnmountSet);
 
+    // Remove any event listeners that were added to the main Vnode's dom element
     for (let name in eventListenerNames) {
       mainVnode.dom.removeEventListener(name.slice(2).toLowerCase(), eventListener);
       Reflect.deleteProperty(eventListenerNames, name);
     }
 
+    // Reset the main component and main Vnode
     mainComponent = null;
     mainVnode = null;
+    // Set the isMounted flag to false
     isMounted = false;
+    // Reset the current vnode, oldVnode, and component properties
     current.vnode = null;
     current.oldVnode = null;
     current.component = null;
+    // Return the result of updating the main Vnode
     return result;
   }
 }
-
+// This function takes in a DOM element or a DOM element selector and a component to be mounted on it.
 export function mount(dom, component) {
+  // Check if the 'dom' argument is a string. If it is, select the first element that matches the given selector.
+  // Otherwise, use the 'dom' argument as the container.
   let container =
     typeof dom === "string"
       ? isNodeJs
@@ -666,23 +939,35 @@ export function mount(dom, component) {
         : document.querySelectorAll(dom)[0]
       : dom;
 
+  // Check if the 'component' argument is a Vnode component or a regular component.
+  // If it's a regular component, create a new Vnode component using the 'component' argument as the tag.
+  // If it's not a component at all, create a new Vnode component with the 'component' argument as the rendering function.
   let vnodeComponent = isVnodeComponent(component)
     ? component
     : isComponent(component)
     ? new Vnode(component, {}, [])
     : new Vnode(() => component, {}, []);
 
+  // If a main component already exists and it's not the same as the current 'vnodeComponent', unmount it.
   if (mainComponent && mainComponent.tag !== vnodeComponent.tag) {
     unmount();
   }
 
+  // Set the 'vnodeComponent' as the main component.
   mainComponent = vnodeComponent as VnodeComponentInterface;
+  // Convert the container element to a Vnode.
   mainVnode = domToVnode(container);
+  // Update the DOM with the new component.
   return update();
 }
 
+// This is a utility function for creating Vnode objects.
+// It takes in a tag or component, and optional props and children arguments.
 export const v: V = (tagOrComponent, props = {}, ...children) => {
+  // Return a new Vnode object using the given arguments.
   return new Vnode(tagOrComponent, props || {}, children);
 };
 
-v.fragment = (props: Props, ...children: Children) => children;
+// This utility function creates a fragment Vnode.
+// It takes in a placeholder and the children arguments, returns only the children.
+v.fragment = (_: VnodeProperties, ...children: Children) => children;