usearch 2.10.3 → 2.11.0

package/simsimd/include/simsimd/spatial.h

@@ -0,0 +1,1019 @@
+/**
+ *  @file       spatial.h
+ *  @brief      SIMD-accelerated Spatial Similarity Measures.
+ *  @author     Ash Vardanian
+ *  @date       March 14, 2023
+ *
+ *  Contains:
+ *  - L2 (Euclidean) squared distance
+ *  - Cosine (Angular) similarity
+ *
+ *  For datatypes:
+ *  - 64-bit IEEE floating point numbers
+ *  - 32-bit IEEE floating point numbers
+ *  - 16-bit IEEE floating point numbers
+ *  - 8-bit signed integral numbers
+ *
+ *  For hardware architectures:
+ *  - Arm (NEON, SVE)
+ *  - x86 (AVX2, AVX512)
+ *
+ *  x86 intrinsics: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/docs/intrinsics-guide/
+ *  Arm intrinsics: https://developer.arm.com/architectures/instruction-sets/intrinsics/
+ */
+#ifndef SIMSIMD_SPATIAL_H
+#define SIMSIMD_SPATIAL_H
+
+#include "types.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+// clang-format off
+
+/*  Serial backends for all numeric types.
+ *  By default they use 32-bit arithmetic, unless the arguments themselves contain 64-bit floats.
+ *  For double-precision computation check out the "*_accurate" variants of those "*_serial" functions.
+ */
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f64_serial(simsimd_f64_t const* a, simsimd_f64_t const*, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f64_serial(simsimd_f64_t const* a, simsimd_f64_t const*, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f32_serial(simsimd_f32_t const* a, simsimd_f32_t const*, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f32_serial(simsimd_f32_t const* a, simsimd_f32_t const*, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f16_serial(simsimd_f16_t const* a, simsimd_f16_t const*, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f16_serial(simsimd_f16_t const* a, simsimd_f16_t const*, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_i8_serial(simsimd_i8_t const* a, simsimd_i8_t const*, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_i8_serial(simsimd_i8_t const* a, simsimd_i8_t const*, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+
+/*  Double-precision serial backends for all numeric types.
+ *  For single-precision computation check out the "*_serial" counterparts of those "*_accurate" functions.
+ */
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f32_accurate(simsimd_f32_t const* a, simsimd_f32_t const*, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f32_accurate(simsimd_f32_t const* a, simsimd_f32_t const*, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f16_accurate(simsimd_f16_t const* a, simsimd_f16_t const*, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f16_accurate(simsimd_f16_t const* a, simsimd_f16_t const*, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_i8_accurate(simsimd_i8_t const* a, simsimd_i8_t const*, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_i8_accurate(simsimd_i8_t const* a, simsimd_i8_t const*, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+
+/*  SIMD-powered backends for Arm NEON, mostly using 32-bit arithmetic over 128-bit words.
+ *  By far the most portable backend, covering most Arm v8 devices, over a billion phones, and almost all
+ *  server CPUs produced before 2023.
+ */
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f32_neon(simsimd_f32_t const* a, simsimd_f32_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f32_neon(simsimd_f32_t const* a, simsimd_f32_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f16_neon(simsimd_f16_t const* a, simsimd_f16_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f16_neon(simsimd_f16_t const* a, simsimd_f16_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_i8_neon(simsimd_i8_t const* a, simsimd_i8_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_i8_neon(simsimd_i8_t const* a, simsimd_i8_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t* d);
+
+/*  SIMD-powered backends for Arm SVE, mostly using 32-bit arithmetic over variable-length platform-defined word sizes.
+ *  Designed for Arm Graviton 3, Microsoft Cobalt, as well as Nvidia Grace and newer Ampere Altra CPUs.
+ */
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f32_sve(simsimd_f32_t const* a, simsimd_f32_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t*);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f32_sve(simsimd_f32_t const* a, simsimd_f32_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t*);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f16_sve(simsimd_f16_t const* a, simsimd_f16_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t*);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f16_sve(simsimd_f16_t const* a, simsimd_f16_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t*);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f64_sve(simsimd_f64_t const* a, simsimd_f64_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t*);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f64_sve(simsimd_f64_t const* a, simsimd_f64_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t*);
+
+/*  SIMD-powered backends for AVX2 CPUs of Haswell generation and newer, using 32-bit arithmetic over 256-bit words.
+ *  First demonstrated in 2011, at least one Haswell-based processor was still being sold in 2022 — the Pentium G3420.
+ *  Practically all modern x86 CPUs support AVX2, FMA, and F16C, making it a perfect baseline for SIMD algorithms.
+ *  On other hand, there is no need to implement AVX2 versions of `f32` and `f64` functions, as those are
+ *  properly vectorized by recent compilers.
+ */
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_i8_haswell(simsimd_i8_t const* a, simsimd_i8_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t*);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_i8_haswell(simsimd_i8_t const* a, simsimd_i8_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t*);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f16_haswell(simsimd_f16_t const* a, simsimd_f16_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t*);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f16_haswell(simsimd_f16_t const* a, simsimd_f16_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t*);
+
+/*  SIMD-powered backends for AVX512 CPUs of Skylake generation and newer, using 32-bit arithmetic over 512-bit words.
+ *  Skylake was launched in 2015, and discontinued in 2019. Skylake had support for F, CD, VL, DQ, and BW extensions,
+ *  as well as masked operations. This is enough to supersede auto-vectorization on `f32` and `f64` types.
+ */
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f32_skylake(simsimd_f32_t const* a, simsimd_f32_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t*);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f32_skylake(simsimd_f32_t const* a, simsimd_f32_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t*);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f64_skylake(simsimd_f64_t const* a, simsimd_f64_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t*);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f64_skylake(simsimd_f64_t const* a, simsimd_f64_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t*);
+
+/*  SIMD-powered backends for AVX512 CPUs of Ice Lake generation and newer, using mixed arithmetic over 512-bit words.
+ *  Ice Lake added VNNI, VPOPCNTDQ, IFMA, VBMI, VAES, GFNI, VBMI2, BITALG, VPCLMULQDQ, and other extensions for integral operations.
+ *  Sapphire Rapids added tiled matrix operations, but we are most interested in the new mixed-precision FMA instructions.
+ */
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_i8_ice(simsimd_i8_t const* a, simsimd_i8_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t*);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_i8_ice(simsimd_i8_t const* a, simsimd_i8_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t*);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f16_sapphire(simsimd_f16_t const* a, simsimd_f16_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t*);
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f16_sapphire(simsimd_f16_t const* a, simsimd_f16_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n, simsimd_distance_t*);
+
+// clang-format on
+
+#define SIMSIMD_MAKE_L2SQ(name, input_type, accumulator_type, converter)                                               \
+    SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_##input_type##_##name(simsimd_##input_type##_t const* a,                          \
+                                                           simsimd_##input_type##_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,        \
+                                                           simsimd_distance_t* result) {                               \
+        simsimd_##accumulator_type##_t d2 = 0;                                                                         \
+        for (simsimd_size_t i = 0; i != n; ++i) {                                                                      \
+            simsimd_##accumulator_type##_t ai = converter(a[i]);                                                       \
+            simsimd_##accumulator_type##_t bi = converter(b[i]);                                                       \
+            d2 += (ai - bi) * (ai - bi);                                                                               \
+        }                                                                                                              \
+        *result = d2;                                                                                                  \
+    }
+
+#define SIMSIMD_MAKE_COS(name, input_type, accumulator_type, converter)                                                \
+    SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_##input_type##_##name(simsimd_##input_type##_t const* a,                           \
+                                                          simsimd_##input_type##_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,         \
+                                                          simsimd_distance_t* result) {                                \
+        simsimd_##accumulator_type##_t ab = 0, a2 = 0, b2 = 0;                                                         \
+        for (simsimd_size_t i = 0; i != n; ++i) {                                                                      \
+            simsimd_##accumulator_type##_t ai = converter(a[i]);                                                       \
+            simsimd_##accumulator_type##_t bi = converter(b[i]);                                                       \
+            ab += ai * bi;                                                                                             \
+            a2 += ai * ai;                                                                                             \
+            b2 += bi * bi;                                                                                             \
+        }                                                                                                              \
+        *result = ab != 0 ? (1 - ab * SIMSIMD_RSQRT(a2) * SIMSIMD_RSQRT(b2)) : 1;                                      \
+    }
+
+SIMSIMD_MAKE_L2SQ(serial, f64, f64, SIMSIMD_IDENTIFY) // simsimd_l2sq_f64_serial
+SIMSIMD_MAKE_COS(serial, f64, f64, SIMSIMD_IDENTIFY)  // simsimd_cos_f64_serial
+
+SIMSIMD_MAKE_L2SQ(serial, f32, f32, SIMSIMD_IDENTIFY) // simsimd_l2sq_f32_serial
+SIMSIMD_MAKE_COS(serial, f32, f32, SIMSIMD_IDENTIFY)  // simsimd_cos_f32_serial
+
+SIMSIMD_MAKE_L2SQ(serial, f16, f32, SIMSIMD_UNCOMPRESS_F16) // simsimd_l2sq_f16_serial
+SIMSIMD_MAKE_COS(serial, f16, f32, SIMSIMD_UNCOMPRESS_F16)  // simsimd_cos_f16_serial
+
+SIMSIMD_MAKE_L2SQ(serial, i8, i32, SIMSIMD_IDENTIFY) // simsimd_l2sq_i8_serial
+SIMSIMD_MAKE_COS(serial, i8, i32, SIMSIMD_IDENTIFY)  // simsimd_cos_i8_serial
+
+SIMSIMD_MAKE_L2SQ(accurate, f32, f64, SIMSIMD_IDENTIFY) // simsimd_l2sq_f32_accurate
+SIMSIMD_MAKE_COS(accurate, f32, f64, SIMSIMD_IDENTIFY)  // simsimd_cos_f32_accurate
+
+SIMSIMD_MAKE_L2SQ(accurate, f16, f64, SIMSIMD_UNCOMPRESS_F16) // simsimd_l2sq_f16_accurate
+SIMSIMD_MAKE_COS(accurate, f16, f64, SIMSIMD_UNCOMPRESS_F16)  // simsimd_cos_f16_accurate
+
+SIMSIMD_MAKE_L2SQ(accurate, i8, i32, SIMSIMD_IDENTIFY) // simsimd_l2sq_i8_accurate
+SIMSIMD_MAKE_COS(accurate, i8, i32, SIMSIMD_IDENTIFY)  // simsimd_cos_i8_accurate
+
+#if SIMSIMD_TARGET_ARM
+#if SIMSIMD_TARGET_NEON
+#pragma GCC push_options
+#pragma GCC target("+simd")
+#pragma clang attribute push(__attribute__((target("+simd"))), apply_to = function)
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f32_neon(simsimd_f32_t const* a, simsimd_f32_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                          simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    float32x4_t sum_vec = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+    simsimd_size_t i = 0;
+    for (; i + 4 <= n; i += 4) {
+        float32x4_t a_vec = vld1q_f32(a + i);
+        float32x4_t b_vec = vld1q_f32(b + i);
+        float32x4_t diff_vec = vsubq_f32(a_vec, b_vec);
+        sum_vec = vfmaq_f32(sum_vec, diff_vec, diff_vec);
+    }
+    simsimd_f32_t sum = vaddvq_f32(sum_vec);
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        simsimd_f32_t diff = a[i] - b[i];
+        sum += diff * diff;
+    }
+    *result = sum;
+}
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f32_neon(simsimd_f32_t const* a, simsimd_f32_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                         simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    float32x4_t ab_vec = vdupq_n_f32(0), a2_vec = vdupq_n_f32(0), b2_vec = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+    simsimd_size_t i = 0;
+    for (; i + 4 <= n; i += 4) {
+        float32x4_t a_vec = vld1q_f32(a + i);
+        float32x4_t b_vec = vld1q_f32(b + i);
+        ab_vec = vfmaq_f32(ab_vec, a_vec, b_vec);
+        a2_vec = vfmaq_f32(a2_vec, a_vec, a_vec);
+        b2_vec = vfmaq_f32(b2_vec, b_vec, b_vec);
+    }
+    simsimd_f32_t ab = vaddvq_f32(ab_vec), a2 = vaddvq_f32(a2_vec), b2 = vaddvq_f32(b2_vec);
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        simsimd_f32_t ai = a[i], bi = b[i];
+        ab += ai * bi, a2 += ai * ai, b2 += bi * bi;
+    }
+
+    // Avoid `simsimd_approximate_inverse_square_root` on Arm NEON
+    simsimd_f32_t a2_b2_arr[2] = {a2, b2};
+    vst1_f32(a2_b2_arr, vrsqrte_f32(vld1_f32(a2_b2_arr)));
+    *result = ab != 0 ? 1 - ab * a2_b2_arr[0] * a2_b2_arr[1] : 1;
+}
+
+#pragma clang attribute pop
+#pragma GCC pop_options
+
+#pragma GCC push_options
+#pragma GCC target("+simd+fp16")
+#pragma clang attribute push(__attribute__((target("+simd+fp16"))), apply_to = function)
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f16_neon(simsimd_f16_t const* a, simsimd_f16_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                          simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    float32x4_t sum_vec = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+    simsimd_size_t i = 0;
+    for (; i + 4 <= n; i += 4) {
+        float32x4_t a_vec = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((simsimd_f16_for_arm_simd_t const*)a + i));
+        float32x4_t b_vec = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((simsimd_f16_for_arm_simd_t const*)b + i));
+        float32x4_t diff_vec = vsubq_f32(a_vec, b_vec);
+        sum_vec = vfmaq_f32(sum_vec, diff_vec, diff_vec);
+    }
+
+    // In case the software emulation for `f16` scalars is enabled, the `simsimd_uncompress_f16`
+    // function will run. It is extremely slow, so even for the tail, let's combine serial
+    // loads and stores with vectorized math.
+    if (i < n) {
+        union {
+            float16x4_t f16_vec;
+            simsimd_f16_t f16[4];
+        } a_padded_tail, b_padded_tail;
+        simsimd_size_t j = 0;
+        for (; i < n; ++i, ++j)
+            a_padded_tail.f16[j] = a[i], b_padded_tail.f16[j] = b[i];
+        for (; j < 4; ++j)
+            a_padded_tail.f16[j] = 0, b_padded_tail.f16[j] = 0;
+        float32x4_t diff_vec = vsubq_f32(vcvt_f32_f16(a_padded_tail.f16_vec), vcvt_f32_f16(b_padded_tail.f16_vec));
+        sum_vec = vfmaq_f32(sum_vec, diff_vec, diff_vec);
+    }
+
+    simsimd_f32_t sum = vaddvq_f32(sum_vec);
+    *result = sum;
+}
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f16_neon(simsimd_f16_t const* a, simsimd_f16_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                         simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    float32x4_t ab_vec = vdupq_n_f32(0), a2_vec = vdupq_n_f32(0), b2_vec = vdupq_n_f32(0);
+    simsimd_size_t i = 0;
+    for (; i + 4 <= n; i += 4) {
+        float32x4_t a_vec = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((simsimd_f16_for_arm_simd_t const*)a + i));
+        float32x4_t b_vec = vcvt_f32_f16(vld1_f16((simsimd_f16_for_arm_simd_t const*)b + i));
+        ab_vec = vfmaq_f32(ab_vec, a_vec, b_vec);
+        a2_vec = vfmaq_f32(a2_vec, a_vec, a_vec);
+        b2_vec = vfmaq_f32(b2_vec, b_vec, b_vec);
+    }
+
+    // In case the software emulation for `f16` scalars is enabled, the `simsimd_uncompress_f16`
+    // function will run. It is extremely slow, so even for the tail, let's combine serial
+    // loads and stores with vectorized math.
+    if (i < n) {
+        union {
+            float16x4_t f16_vec;
+            simsimd_f16_t f16[4];
+        } a_padded_tail, b_padded_tail;
+        simsimd_size_t j = 0;
+        for (; i < n; ++i, ++j)
+            a_padded_tail.f16[j] = a[i], b_padded_tail.f16[j] = b[i];
+        for (; j < 4; ++j)
+            a_padded_tail.f16[j] = 0, b_padded_tail.f16[j] = 0;
+        float32x4_t a_vec = vcvt_f32_f16(a_padded_tail.f16_vec);
+        float32x4_t b_vec = vcvt_f32_f16(b_padded_tail.f16_vec);
+        ab_vec = vfmaq_f32(ab_vec, a_vec, b_vec);
+        a2_vec = vfmaq_f32(a2_vec, a_vec, a_vec);
+        b2_vec = vfmaq_f32(b2_vec, b_vec, b_vec);
+    }
+
+    // Avoid `simsimd_approximate_inverse_square_root` on Arm NEON
+    simsimd_f32_t ab = vaddvq_f32(ab_vec), a2 = vaddvq_f32(a2_vec), b2 = vaddvq_f32(b2_vec);
+    simsimd_f32_t a2_b2_arr[2] = {a2, b2};
+    float32x2_t a2_b2 = vld1_f32(a2_b2_arr);
+    a2_b2 = vrsqrte_f32(a2_b2);
+    vst1_f32(a2_b2_arr, a2_b2);
+    *result = ab != 0 ? 1 - ab * a2_b2_arr[0] * a2_b2_arr[1] : 1;
+}
+
+#pragma clang attribute pop
+#pragma GCC pop_options
+
+#pragma GCC push_options
+#pragma GCC target("arch=armv8.2-a+dotprod")
+#pragma clang attribute push(__attribute__((target("arch=armv8.2-a+dotprod"))), apply_to = function)
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_i8_neon(simsimd_i8_t const* a, simsimd_i8_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                         simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    int32x4_t d2_vec = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+    simsimd_size_t i = 0;
+    for (; i + 7 < n; i += 8) {
+        int8x8_t a_vec = vld1_s8(a + i);
+        int8x8_t b_vec = vld1_s8(b + i);
+        int16x8_t a_vec16 = vmovl_s8(a_vec);
+        int16x8_t b_vec16 = vmovl_s8(b_vec);
+        int16x8_t d_vec = vsubq_s16(a_vec16, b_vec16);
+        int32x4_t d_low = vmull_s16(vget_low_s16(d_vec), vget_low_s16(d_vec));
+        int32x4_t d_high = vmull_s16(vget_high_s16(d_vec), vget_high_s16(d_vec));
+        d2_vec = vaddq_s32(d2_vec, vaddq_s32(d_low, d_high));
+    }
+    int32_t d2 = vaddvq_s32(d2_vec);
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        int32_t n = a[i] - b[i];
+        d2 += n * n;
+    }
+    *result = d2;
+}
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_i8_neon(simsimd_i8_t const* a, simsimd_i8_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                        simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+
+    int32x4_t ab_vec = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+    int32x4_t a2_vec = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+    int32x4_t b2_vec = vdupq_n_s32(0);
+    simsimd_size_t i = 0;
+
+    // If the 128-bit `vdot_s32` intrinsic is unavailable, we can use the 64-bit `vdot_s32`.
+    // for (simsimd_size_t i = 0; i != n; i += 8) {
+    //     int16x8_t a_vec = vmovl_s8(vld1_s8(a + i));
+    //     int16x8_t b_vec = vmovl_s8(vld1_s8(b + i));
+    //     int16x8_t ab_part_vec = vmulq_s16(a_vec, b_vec);
+    //     int16x8_t a2_part_vec = vmulq_s16(a_vec, a_vec);
+    //     int16x8_t b2_part_vec = vmulq_s16(b_vec, b_vec);
+    //     ab_vec = vaddq_s32(ab_vec, vaddq_s32(vmovl_s16(vget_high_s16(ab_part_vec)), //
+    //                                          vmovl_s16(vget_low_s16(ab_part_vec))));
+    //     a2_vec = vaddq_s32(a2_vec, vaddq_s32(vmovl_s16(vget_high_s16(a2_part_vec)), //
+    //                                          vmovl_s16(vget_low_s16(a2_part_vec))));
+    //     b2_vec = vaddq_s32(b2_vec, vaddq_s32(vmovl_s16(vget_high_s16(b2_part_vec)), //
+    //                                          vmovl_s16(vget_low_s16(b2_part_vec))));
+    // }
+    for (; i + 15 < n; i += 16) {
+        int8x16_t a_vec = vld1q_s8(a + i);
+        int8x16_t b_vec = vld1q_s8(b + i);
+        ab_vec = vdotq_s32(ab_vec, a_vec, b_vec);
+        a2_vec = vdotq_s32(a2_vec, a_vec, a_vec);
+        b2_vec = vdotq_s32(b2_vec, b_vec, b_vec);
+    }
+
+    int32_t ab = vaddvq_s32(ab_vec);
+    int32_t a2 = vaddvq_s32(a2_vec);
+    int32_t b2 = vaddvq_s32(b2_vec);
+
+    // Take care of the tail:
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        int32_t ai = a[i], bi = b[i];
+        ab += ai * bi, a2 += ai * ai, b2 += bi * bi;
+    }
+
+    // Avoid `simsimd_approximate_inverse_square_root` on Arm NEON
+    simsimd_f32_t a2_b2_arr[2] = {(simsimd_f32_t)a2, (simsimd_f32_t)b2};
+    float32x2_t a2_b2 = vld1_f32(a2_b2_arr);
+    a2_b2 = vrsqrte_f32(a2_b2);
+    vst1_f32(a2_b2_arr, a2_b2);
+    *result = ab != 0 ? 1 - ab * a2_b2_arr[0] * a2_b2_arr[1] : 1;
+}
+
+#pragma clang attribute pop
+#pragma GCC pop_options
+#endif // SIMSIMD_TARGET_NEON
+
+#if SIMSIMD_TARGET_SVE
+#pragma GCC push_options
+#pragma GCC target("+sve")
+#pragma clang attribute push(__attribute__((target("+sve"))), apply_to = function)
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f32_sve(simsimd_f32_t const* a, simsimd_f32_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                         simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    simsimd_size_t i = 0;
+    svfloat32_t d2_vec = svdupq_n_f32(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f);
+    do {
+        svbool_t pg_vec = svwhilelt_b32((unsigned int)i, (unsigned int)n);
+        svfloat32_t a_vec = svld1_f32(pg_vec, a + i);
+        svfloat32_t b_vec = svld1_f32(pg_vec, b + i);
+        svfloat32_t a_minus_b_vec = svsub_f32_x(pg_vec, a_vec, b_vec);
+        d2_vec = svmla_f32_x(pg_vec, d2_vec, a_minus_b_vec, a_minus_b_vec);
+        i += svcntw();
+    } while (i < n);
+    simsimd_f32_t d2 = svaddv_f32(svptrue_b32(), d2_vec);
+    *result = d2;
+}
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f32_sve(simsimd_f32_t const* a, simsimd_f32_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                        simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    simsimd_size_t i = 0;
+    svfloat32_t ab_vec = svdupq_n_f32(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f);
+    svfloat32_t a2_vec = svdupq_n_f32(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f);
+    svfloat32_t b2_vec = svdupq_n_f32(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f);
+    do {
+        svbool_t pg_vec = svwhilelt_b32((unsigned int)i, (unsigned int)n);
+        svfloat32_t a_vec = svld1_f32(pg_vec, a + i);
+        svfloat32_t b_vec = svld1_f32(pg_vec, b + i);
+        ab_vec = svmla_f32_x(pg_vec, ab_vec, a_vec, b_vec);
+        a2_vec = svmla_f32_x(pg_vec, a2_vec, a_vec, a_vec);
+        b2_vec = svmla_f32_x(pg_vec, b2_vec, b_vec, b_vec);
+        i += svcntw();
+    } while (i < n);
+
+    simsimd_f32_t ab = svaddv_f32(svptrue_b32(), ab_vec);
+    simsimd_f32_t a2 = svaddv_f32(svptrue_b32(), a2_vec);
+    simsimd_f32_t b2 = svaddv_f32(svptrue_b32(), b2_vec);
+
+    // Avoid `simsimd_approximate_inverse_square_root` on Arm NEON
+    simsimd_f32_t a2_b2_arr[2] = {a2, b2};
+    float32x2_t a2_b2 = vld1_f32(a2_b2_arr);
+    a2_b2 = vrsqrte_f32(a2_b2);
+    vst1_f32(a2_b2_arr, a2_b2);
+    *result = ab != 0 ? 1 - ab * a2_b2_arr[0] * a2_b2_arr[1] : 1;
+}
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f64_sve(simsimd_f64_t const* a, simsimd_f64_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                         simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    simsimd_size_t i = 0;
+    svfloat64_t d2_vec = svdupq_n_f64(0.0, 0.0);
+    do {
+        svbool_t pg_vec = svwhilelt_b64((unsigned int)i, (unsigned int)n);
+        svfloat64_t a_vec = svld1_f64(pg_vec, a + i);
+        svfloat64_t b_vec = svld1_f64(pg_vec, b + i);
+        svfloat64_t a_minus_b_vec = svsub_f64_x(pg_vec, a_vec, b_vec);
+        d2_vec = svmla_f64_x(pg_vec, d2_vec, a_minus_b_vec, a_minus_b_vec);
+        i += svcntd();
+    } while (i < n);
+    simsimd_f64_t d2 = svaddv_f64(svptrue_b32(), d2_vec);
+    *result = d2;
+}
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f64_sve(simsimd_f64_t const* a, simsimd_f64_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                        simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    simsimd_size_t i = 0;
+    svfloat64_t ab_vec = svdupq_n_f64(0.0, 0.0);
+    svfloat64_t a2_vec = svdupq_n_f64(0.0, 0.0);
+    svfloat64_t b2_vec = svdupq_n_f64(0.0, 0.0);
+    do {
+        svbool_t pg_vec = svwhilelt_b64((unsigned int)i, (unsigned int)n);
+        svfloat64_t a_vec = svld1_f64(pg_vec, a + i);
+        svfloat64_t b_vec = svld1_f64(pg_vec, b + i);
+        ab_vec = svmla_f64_x(pg_vec, ab_vec, a_vec, b_vec);
+        a2_vec = svmla_f64_x(pg_vec, a2_vec, a_vec, a_vec);
+        b2_vec = svmla_f64_x(pg_vec, b2_vec, b_vec, b_vec);
+        i += svcntd();
+    } while (i < n);
+
+    simsimd_f64_t ab = svaddv_f64(svptrue_b32(), ab_vec);
+    simsimd_f64_t a2 = svaddv_f64(svptrue_b32(), a2_vec);
+    simsimd_f64_t b2 = svaddv_f64(svptrue_b32(), b2_vec);
+
+    // Avoid `simsimd_approximate_inverse_square_root` on Arm NEON
+    simsimd_f64_t a2_b2_arr[2] = {a2, b2};
+    float64x2_t a2_b2 = vld1q_f64(a2_b2_arr);
+    a2_b2 = vrsqrteq_f64(a2_b2);
+    vst1q_f64(a2_b2_arr, a2_b2);
+    *result = ab != 0 ? 1 - ab * a2_b2_arr[0] * a2_b2_arr[1] : 1;
+}
+
+#pragma clang attribute pop
+#pragma GCC pop_options
+
+#pragma GCC push_options
+#pragma GCC target("+sve+fp16")
+#pragma clang attribute push(__attribute__((target("+sve+fp16"))), apply_to = function)
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f16_sve(simsimd_f16_t const* a_enum, simsimd_f16_t const* b_enum, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                         simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    simsimd_size_t i = 0;
+    svfloat16_t d2_vec = svdupq_n_f16(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    simsimd_f16_for_arm_simd_t const* a = (simsimd_f16_for_arm_simd_t const*)(a_enum);
+    simsimd_f16_for_arm_simd_t const* b = (simsimd_f16_for_arm_simd_t const*)(b_enum);
+    do {
+        svbool_t pg_vec = svwhilelt_b16((unsigned int)i, (unsigned int)n);
+        svfloat16_t a_vec = svld1_f16(pg_vec, a + i);
+        svfloat16_t b_vec = svld1_f16(pg_vec, b + i);
+        svfloat16_t a_minus_b_vec = svsub_f16_x(pg_vec, a_vec, b_vec);
+        d2_vec = svmla_f16_x(pg_vec, d2_vec, a_minus_b_vec, a_minus_b_vec);
+        i += svcnth();
+    } while (i < n);
+    simsimd_f16_for_arm_simd_t d2_f16 = svaddv_f16(svptrue_b16(), d2_vec);
+    *result = d2_f16;
+}
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f16_sve(simsimd_f16_t const* a_enum, simsimd_f16_t const* b_enum, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                        simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    simsimd_size_t i = 0;
+    svfloat16_t ab_vec = svdupq_n_f16(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    svfloat16_t a2_vec = svdupq_n_f16(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    svfloat16_t b2_vec = svdupq_n_f16(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    simsimd_f16_for_arm_simd_t const* a = (simsimd_f16_for_arm_simd_t const*)(a_enum);
+    simsimd_f16_for_arm_simd_t const* b = (simsimd_f16_for_arm_simd_t const*)(b_enum);
+    do {
+        svbool_t pg_vec = svwhilelt_b16((unsigned int)i, (unsigned int)n);
+        svfloat16_t a_vec = svld1_f16(pg_vec, a + i);
+        svfloat16_t b_vec = svld1_f16(pg_vec, b + i);
+        ab_vec = svmla_f16_x(pg_vec, ab_vec, a_vec, b_vec);
+        a2_vec = svmla_f16_x(pg_vec, a2_vec, a_vec, a_vec);
+        b2_vec = svmla_f16_x(pg_vec, b2_vec, b_vec, b_vec);
+        i += svcnth();
+    } while (i < n);
+
+    simsimd_f16_for_arm_simd_t ab = svaddv_f16(svptrue_b16(), ab_vec);
+    simsimd_f16_for_arm_simd_t a2 = svaddv_f16(svptrue_b16(), a2_vec);
+    simsimd_f16_for_arm_simd_t b2 = svaddv_f16(svptrue_b16(), b2_vec);
+
+    // Avoid `simsimd_approximate_inverse_square_root` on Arm NEON
+    simsimd_f32_t a2_b2_arr[2] = {a2, b2};
+    float32x2_t a2_b2 = vld1_f32(a2_b2_arr);
+    a2_b2 = vrsqrte_f32(a2_b2);
+    vst1_f32(a2_b2_arr, a2_b2);
+    *result = ab != 0 ? 1 - ab * a2_b2_arr[0] * a2_b2_arr[1] : 1;
+}
+
+#pragma clang attribute pop
+#pragma GCC pop_options
+#endif // SIMSIMD_TARGET_SVE
+#endif // SIMSIMD_TARGET_ARM
+
+#if SIMSIMD_TARGET_X86
+#if SIMSIMD_TARGET_HASWELL
+#pragma GCC push_options
+#pragma GCC target("avx2", "f16c", "fma")
+#pragma clang attribute push(__attribute__((target("avx2,f16c,fma"))), apply_to = function)
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f16_haswell(simsimd_f16_t const* a, simsimd_f16_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                             simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    __m256 d2_vec = _mm256_setzero_ps();
+    simsimd_size_t i = 0;
+    for (; i + 8 <= n; i += 8) {
+        __m256 a_vec = _mm256_cvtph_ps(_mm_loadu_si128((__m128i const*)(a + i)));
+        __m256 b_vec = _mm256_cvtph_ps(_mm_loadu_si128((__m128i const*)(b + i)));
+        __m256 d_vec = _mm256_sub_ps(a_vec, b_vec);
+        d2_vec = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d_vec, d_vec, d2_vec);
+    }
+
+    // In case the software emulation for `f16` scalars is enabled, the `simsimd_uncompress_f16`
+    // function will run. It is extremely slow, so even for the tail, let's combine serial
+    // loads and stores with vectorized math.
+    if (i < n) {
+        union {
+            __m128i f16_vec;
+            simsimd_f16_t f16[8];
+        } a_padded_tail, b_padded_tail;
+        simsimd_size_t j = 0;
+        for (; i < n; ++i, ++j)
+            a_padded_tail.f16[j] = a[i], b_padded_tail.f16[j] = b[i];
+        for (; j < 8; ++j)
+            a_padded_tail.f16[j] = 0, b_padded_tail.f16[j] = 0;
+        __m256 a_vec = _mm256_cvtph_ps(a_padded_tail.f16_vec);
+        __m256 b_vec = _mm256_cvtph_ps(b_padded_tail.f16_vec);
+        __m256 d_vec = _mm256_sub_ps(a_vec, b_vec);
+        d2_vec = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d_vec, d_vec, d2_vec);
+    }
+
+    d2_vec = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_permute2f128_ps(d2_vec, d2_vec, 1), d2_vec);
+    d2_vec = _mm256_hadd_ps(d2_vec, d2_vec);
+    d2_vec = _mm256_hadd_ps(d2_vec, d2_vec);
+
+    simsimd_f32_t f32_result;
+    _mm_store_ss(&f32_result, _mm256_castps256_ps128(d2_vec));
+    *result = f32_result;
+}
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f16_haswell(simsimd_f16_t const* a, simsimd_f16_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                            simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+
+    __m256 ab_vec = _mm256_setzero_ps(), a2_vec = _mm256_setzero_ps(), b2_vec = _mm256_setzero_ps();
+    simsimd_size_t i = 0;
+    for (; i + 8 <= n; i += 8) {
+        __m256 a_vec = _mm256_cvtph_ps(_mm_loadu_si128((__m128i const*)(a + i)));
+        __m256 b_vec = _mm256_cvtph_ps(_mm_loadu_si128((__m128i const*)(b + i)));
+        ab_vec = _mm256_fmadd_ps(a_vec, b_vec, ab_vec);
+        a2_vec = _mm256_fmadd_ps(a_vec, a_vec, a2_vec);
+        b2_vec = _mm256_fmadd_ps(b_vec, b_vec, b2_vec);
+    }
+
+    // In case the software emulation for `f16` scalars is enabled, the `simsimd_uncompress_f16`
+    // function will run. It is extremely slow, so even for the tail, let's combine serial
+    // loads and stores with vectorized math.
+    if (i < n) {
+        union {
+            __m128i f16_vec;
+            simsimd_f16_t f16[8];
+        } a_padded_tail, b_padded_tail;
+        simsimd_size_t j = 0;
+        for (; i < n; ++i, ++j)
+            a_padded_tail.f16[j] = a[i], b_padded_tail.f16[j] = b[i];
+        for (; j < 8; ++j)
+            a_padded_tail.f16[j] = 0, b_padded_tail.f16[j] = 0;
+        __m256 a_vec = _mm256_cvtph_ps(a_padded_tail.f16_vec);
+        __m256 b_vec = _mm256_cvtph_ps(b_padded_tail.f16_vec);
+        ab_vec = _mm256_fmadd_ps(a_vec, b_vec, ab_vec);
+        a2_vec = _mm256_fmadd_ps(a_vec, a_vec, a2_vec);
+        b2_vec = _mm256_fmadd_ps(b_vec, b_vec, b2_vec);
+    }
+
+    // Horizontal reductions:
+    ab_vec = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_permute2f128_ps(ab_vec, ab_vec, 1), ab_vec);
+    ab_vec = _mm256_hadd_ps(ab_vec, ab_vec);
+    ab_vec = _mm256_hadd_ps(ab_vec, ab_vec);
+
+    a2_vec = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_permute2f128_ps(a2_vec, a2_vec, 1), a2_vec);
+    a2_vec = _mm256_hadd_ps(a2_vec, a2_vec);
+    a2_vec = _mm256_hadd_ps(a2_vec, a2_vec);
+
+    b2_vec = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_permute2f128_ps(b2_vec, b2_vec, 1), b2_vec);
+    b2_vec = _mm256_hadd_ps(b2_vec, b2_vec);
+    b2_vec = _mm256_hadd_ps(b2_vec, b2_vec);
+
+    simsimd_f32_t ab, a2, b2;
+    _mm_store_ss(&ab, _mm256_castps256_ps128(ab_vec));
+    _mm_store_ss(&a2, _mm256_castps256_ps128(a2_vec));
+    _mm_store_ss(&b2, _mm256_castps256_ps128(b2_vec));
+
+    // Replace simsimd_approximate_inverse_square_root with `rsqrtss`
+    __m128 a2_sqrt_recip = _mm_rsqrt_ss(_mm_set_ss((float)a2));
+    __m128 b2_sqrt_recip = _mm_rsqrt_ss(_mm_set_ss((float)b2));
+    __m128 result_vec = _mm_mul_ss(a2_sqrt_recip, b2_sqrt_recip); // Multiply the reciprocal square roots
+    result_vec = _mm_mul_ss(result_vec, _mm_set_ss((float)ab));   // Multiply by ab
+    result_vec = _mm_sub_ss(_mm_set_ss(1.0f), result_vec);        // Subtract from 1
+    *result = ab != 0 ? _mm_cvtss_f32(result_vec) : 1;            // Extract the final result
+}
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_i8_haswell(simsimd_i8_t const* a, simsimd_i8_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                            simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+
+    __m256i d2_high_vec = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+    __m256i d2_low_vec = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+
+    simsimd_size_t i = 0;
+    for (; i + 32 <= n; i += 32) {
+        __m256i a_vec = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i const*)(a + i));
+        __m256i b_vec = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i const*)(b + i));
+
+        // Sign extend int8 to int16
+        __m256i a_low = _mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_castsi256_si128(a_vec));
+        __m256i a_high = _mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_extracti128_si256(a_vec, 1));
+        __m256i b_low = _mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_castsi256_si128(b_vec));
+        __m256i b_high = _mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_extracti128_si256(b_vec, 1));
+
+        // Subtract and multiply
+        __m256i d_low = _mm256_sub_epi16(a_low, b_low);
+        __m256i d_high = _mm256_sub_epi16(a_high, b_high);
+        __m256i d2_low_part = _mm256_madd_epi16(d_low, d_low);
+        __m256i d2_high_part = _mm256_madd_epi16(d_high, d_high);
+
+        // Accumulate into int32 vectors
+        d2_low_vec = _mm256_add_epi32(d2_low_vec, d2_low_part);
+        d2_high_vec = _mm256_add_epi32(d2_high_vec, d2_high_part);
+    }
+
+    // Accumulate the 32-bit integers from `d2_high_vec` and `d2_low_vec`
+    __m256i d2_vec = _mm256_add_epi32(d2_low_vec, d2_high_vec);
+    __m128i d2_sum = _mm_add_epi32(_mm256_extracti128_si256(d2_vec, 0), _mm256_extracti128_si256(d2_vec, 1));
+    d2_sum = _mm_hadd_epi32(d2_sum, d2_sum);
+    d2_sum = _mm_hadd_epi32(d2_sum, d2_sum);
+    int d2 = _mm_extract_epi32(d2_sum, 0);
+
+    // Take care of the tail:
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        int n = a[i] - b[i];
+        d2 += n * n;
+    }
+
+    *result = (simsimd_f64_t)d2;
+}
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_i8_haswell(simsimd_i8_t const* a, simsimd_i8_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                           simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+
+    __m256i ab_low_vec = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+    __m256i ab_high_vec = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+    __m256i a2_low_vec = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+    __m256i a2_high_vec = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+    __m256i b2_low_vec = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+    __m256i b2_high_vec = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+
+    simsimd_size_t i = 0;
+    for (; i + 32 <= n; i += 32) {
+        __m256i a_vec = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i const*)(a + i));
+        __m256i b_vec = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i const*)(b + i));
+
+        // Unpack int8 to int16
+        __m256i a_low_16 = _mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_extracti128_si256(a_vec, 0));
+        __m256i a_high_16 = _mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_extracti128_si256(a_vec, 1));
+        __m256i b_low_16 = _mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_extracti128_si256(b_vec, 0));
+        __m256i b_high_16 = _mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_extracti128_si256(b_vec, 1));
+
+        // Multiply and accumulate at int16 level, accumulate at int32 level
+        ab_low_vec = _mm256_add_epi32(ab_low_vec, _mm256_madd_epi16(a_low_16, b_low_16));
+        ab_high_vec = _mm256_add_epi32(ab_high_vec, _mm256_madd_epi16(a_high_16, b_high_16));
+        a2_low_vec = _mm256_add_epi32(a2_low_vec, _mm256_madd_epi16(a_low_16, a_low_16));
+        a2_high_vec = _mm256_add_epi32(a2_high_vec, _mm256_madd_epi16(a_high_16, a_high_16));
+        b2_low_vec = _mm256_add_epi32(b2_low_vec, _mm256_madd_epi16(b_low_16, b_low_16));
+        b2_high_vec = _mm256_add_epi32(b2_high_vec, _mm256_madd_epi16(b_high_16, b_high_16));
+    }
+
+    // Horizontal sum across the 256-bit register
+    __m256i ab_vec = _mm256_add_epi32(ab_low_vec, ab_high_vec);
+    __m128i ab_sum = _mm_add_epi32(_mm256_extracti128_si256(ab_vec, 0), _mm256_extracti128_si256(ab_vec, 1));
+    ab_sum = _mm_hadd_epi32(ab_sum, ab_sum);
+    ab_sum = _mm_hadd_epi32(ab_sum, ab_sum);
+
+    __m256i a2_vec = _mm256_add_epi32(a2_low_vec, a2_high_vec);
+    __m128i a2_sum = _mm_add_epi32(_mm256_extracti128_si256(a2_vec, 0), _mm256_extracti128_si256(a2_vec, 1));
+    a2_sum = _mm_hadd_epi32(a2_sum, a2_sum);
+    a2_sum = _mm_hadd_epi32(a2_sum, a2_sum);
+
+    __m256i b2_vec = _mm256_add_epi32(b2_low_vec, b2_high_vec);
+    __m128i b2_sum = _mm_add_epi32(_mm256_extracti128_si256(b2_vec, 0), _mm256_extracti128_si256(b2_vec, 1));
+    b2_sum = _mm_hadd_epi32(b2_sum, b2_sum);
+    b2_sum = _mm_hadd_epi32(b2_sum, b2_sum);
+
+    // Further reduce to a single sum for each vector
+    int ab = _mm_extract_epi32(ab_sum, 0);
+    int a2 = _mm_extract_epi32(a2_sum, 0);
+    int b2 = _mm_extract_epi32(b2_sum, 0);
+
+    // Take care of the tail:
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        int ai = a[i], bi = b[i];
+        ab += ai * bi, a2 += ai * ai, b2 += bi * bi;
+    }
+
+    // Compute the reciprocal of the square roots
+    __m128 a2_sqrt_recip = _mm_rsqrt_ss(_mm_set_ss((float)a2));
+    __m128 b2_sqrt_recip = _mm_rsqrt_ss(_mm_set_ss((float)b2));
+
+    // Compute cosine similarity: ab / sqrt(a2 * b2)
+    __m128 denom = _mm_mul_ss(a2_sqrt_recip, b2_sqrt_recip);      // Reciprocal of sqrt(a2 * b2)
+    __m128 result_vec = _mm_mul_ss(_mm_set_ss((float)ab), denom); // ab * reciprocal of sqrt(a2 * b2)
+    *result = ab != 0 ? 1 - _mm_cvtss_f32(result_vec) : 0;        // Extract the final result
+}
+
+#pragma clang attribute pop
+#pragma GCC pop_options
+#endif // SIMSIMD_TARGET_HASWELL
+
+#if SIMSIMD_TARGET_SKYLAKE
+#pragma GCC push_options
+#pragma GCC target("avx512f", "avx512vl", "bmi2")
+#pragma clang attribute push(__attribute__((target("avx512f,avx512vl,bmi2"))), apply_to = function)
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f32_skylake(simsimd_f32_t const* a, simsimd_f32_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                             simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    __m512 d2_vec = _mm512_setzero();
+    __m512 a_vec, b_vec;
+
+simsimd_l2sq_f32_skylake_cycle:
+    if (n < 16) {
+        __mmask16 mask = (__mmask16)_bzhi_u32(0xFFFFFFFF, n);
+        a_vec = _mm512_maskz_loadu_ps(mask, a);
+        b_vec = _mm512_maskz_loadu_ps(mask, b);
+        n = 0;
+    } else {
+        a_vec = _mm512_loadu_ps(a);
+        b_vec = _mm512_loadu_ps(b);
+        a += 16, b += 16, n -= 16;
+    }
+    __m512 d_vec = _mm512_sub_ps(a_vec, b_vec);
+    d2_vec = _mm512_fmadd_ps(d_vec, d_vec, d2_vec);
+    if (n)
+        goto simsimd_l2sq_f32_skylake_cycle;
+
+    *result = _mm512_reduce_add_ps(d2_vec);
+}
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f32_skylake(simsimd_f32_t const* a, simsimd_f32_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                            simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    __m512 ab_vec = _mm512_setzero();
+    __m512 a2_vec = _mm512_setzero();
+    __m512 b2_vec = _mm512_setzero();
+    __m512 a_vec, b_vec;
+
+simsimd_cos_f32_skylake_cycle:
+    if (n < 16) {
+        __mmask16 mask = (__mmask16)_bzhi_u32(0xFFFFFFFF, n);
+        a_vec = _mm512_maskz_loadu_ps(mask, a);
+        b_vec = _mm512_maskz_loadu_ps(mask, b);
+        n = 0;
+    } else {
+        a_vec = _mm512_loadu_ps(a);
+        b_vec = _mm512_loadu_ps(b);
+        a += 16, b += 16, n -= 16;
+    }
+    ab_vec = _mm512_fmadd_ps(a_vec, b_vec, ab_vec);
+    a2_vec = _mm512_fmadd_ps(a_vec, a_vec, a2_vec);
+    b2_vec = _mm512_fmadd_ps(b_vec, b_vec, b2_vec);
+    if (n)
+        goto simsimd_cos_f32_skylake_cycle;
+
+    simsimd_f32_t ab = _mm512_reduce_add_ps(ab_vec);
+    simsimd_f32_t a2 = _mm512_reduce_add_ps(a2_vec);
+    simsimd_f32_t b2 = _mm512_reduce_add_ps(b2_vec);
+
+    // Compute the reciprocal square roots of a2 and b2
+    // Mysteriously, MSVC has no `_mm_rsqrt14_ps` intrinsic, but has it's masked variants,
+    // so let's use `_mm_maskz_rsqrt14_ps(0xFF, ...)` instead.
+    __m128 rsqrts = _mm_maskz_rsqrt14_ps(0xFF, _mm_set_ps(0.f, 0.f, a2 + 1.e-9f, b2 + 1.e-9f));
+    simsimd_f32_t rsqrt_a2 = _mm_cvtss_f32(rsqrts);
+    simsimd_f32_t rsqrt_b2 = _mm_cvtss_f32(_mm_shuffle_ps(rsqrts, rsqrts, _MM_SHUFFLE(0, 0, 0, 1)));
+    *result = 1 - ab * rsqrt_a2 * rsqrt_b2;
+}
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f64_skylake(simsimd_f64_t const* a, simsimd_f64_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                             simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    __m512d d2_vec = _mm512_setzero_pd();
+    __m512d a_vec, b_vec;
+
+simsimd_l2sq_f64_skylake_cycle:
+    if (n < 8) {
+        __mmask8 mask = (__mmask8)_bzhi_u32(0xFFFFFFFF, n);
+        a_vec = _mm512_maskz_loadu_pd(mask, a);
+        b_vec = _mm512_maskz_loadu_pd(mask, b);
+        n = 0;
+    } else {
+        a_vec = _mm512_loadu_pd(a);
+        b_vec = _mm512_loadu_pd(b);
+        a += 8, b += 8, n -= 8;
+    }
+    __m512d d_vec = _mm512_sub_pd(a_vec, b_vec);
+    d2_vec = _mm512_fmadd_pd(d_vec, d_vec, d2_vec);
+    if (n)
+        goto simsimd_l2sq_f64_skylake_cycle;
+
+    *result = _mm512_reduce_add_pd(d2_vec);
+}
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f64_skylake(simsimd_f64_t const* a, simsimd_f64_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                            simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    __m512d ab_vec = _mm512_setzero_pd();
+    __m512d a2_vec = _mm512_setzero_pd();
+    __m512d b2_vec = _mm512_setzero_pd();
+    __m512d a_vec, b_vec;
+
+simsimd_cos_f64_skylake_cycle:
+    if (n < 8) {
+        __mmask8 mask = (__mmask8)_bzhi_u32(0xFFFFFFFF, n);
+        a_vec = _mm512_maskz_loadu_pd(mask, a);
+        b_vec = _mm512_maskz_loadu_pd(mask, b);
+        n = 0;
+    } else {
+        a_vec = _mm512_loadu_pd(a);
+        b_vec = _mm512_loadu_pd(b);
+        a += 8, b += 8, n -= 8;
+    }
+    ab_vec = _mm512_fmadd_pd(a_vec, b_vec, ab_vec);
+    a2_vec = _mm512_fmadd_pd(a_vec, a_vec, a2_vec);
+    b2_vec = _mm512_fmadd_pd(b_vec, b_vec, b2_vec);
+    if (n)
+        goto simsimd_cos_f64_skylake_cycle;
+
+    simsimd_f32_t ab = (simsimd_f32_t)_mm512_reduce_add_pd(ab_vec);
+    simsimd_f32_t a2 = (simsimd_f32_t)_mm512_reduce_add_pd(a2_vec);
+    simsimd_f32_t b2 = (simsimd_f32_t)_mm512_reduce_add_pd(b2_vec);
+
+    // Compute the reciprocal square roots of a2 and b2
+    // Mysteriously, MSVC has no `_mm_rsqrt14_ps` intrinsic, but has it's masked variants,
+    // so let's use `_mm_maskz_rsqrt14_ps(0xFF, ...)` instead.
+    __m128 rsqrts = _mm_maskz_rsqrt14_ps(0xFF, _mm_set_ps(0.f, 0.f, a2 + 1.e-9f, b2 + 1.e-9f));
+    simsimd_f32_t rsqrt_a2 = _mm_cvtss_f32(rsqrts);
+    simsimd_f32_t rsqrt_b2 = _mm_cvtss_f32(_mm_shuffle_ps(rsqrts, rsqrts, _MM_SHUFFLE(0, 0, 0, 1)));
+    *result = 1 - ab * rsqrt_a2 * rsqrt_b2;
+}
+
+#pragma clang attribute pop
+#pragma GCC pop_options
+#endif // SIMSIMD_TARGET_SKYLAKE
+
+#if SIMSIMD_TARGET_SAPPHIRE
+#pragma GCC push_options
+#pragma GCC target("avx512f", "avx512vl", "bmi2", "avx512fp16")
+#pragma clang attribute push(__attribute__((target("avx512f,avx512vl,bmi2,avx512fp16"))), apply_to = function)
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_f16_sapphire(simsimd_f16_t const* a, simsimd_f16_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                              simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    __m512h d2_vec = _mm512_setzero_ph();
+    __m512i a_i16_vec, b_i16_vec;
+
+simsimd_l2sq_f16_sapphire_cycle:
+    if (n < 32) {
+        __mmask32 mask = (__mmask32)_bzhi_u32(0xFFFFFFFF, n);
+        a_i16_vec = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi16(mask, a);
+        b_i16_vec = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi16(mask, b);
+        n = 0;
+    } else {
+        a_i16_vec = _mm512_loadu_epi16(a);
+        b_i16_vec = _mm512_loadu_epi16(b);
+        a += 32, b += 32, n -= 32;
+    }
+    __m512h d_vec = _mm512_sub_ph(_mm512_castsi512_ph(a_i16_vec), _mm512_castsi512_ph(b_i16_vec));
+    d2_vec = _mm512_fmadd_ph(d_vec, d_vec, d2_vec);
+    if (n)
+        goto simsimd_l2sq_f16_sapphire_cycle;
+
+    *result = _mm512_reduce_add_ph(d2_vec);
+}
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_f16_sapphire(simsimd_f16_t const* a, simsimd_f16_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                             simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    __m512h ab_vec = _mm512_setzero_ph();
+    __m512h a2_vec = _mm512_setzero_ph();
+    __m512h b2_vec = _mm512_setzero_ph();
+    __m512i a_i16_vec, b_i16_vec;
+
+simsimd_cos_f16_sapphire_cycle:
+    if (n < 32) {
+        __mmask32 mask = (__mmask32)_bzhi_u32(0xFFFFFFFF, n);
+        a_i16_vec = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi16(mask, a);
+        b_i16_vec = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi16(mask, b);
+        n = 0;
+    } else {
+        a_i16_vec = _mm512_loadu_epi16(a);
+        b_i16_vec = _mm512_loadu_epi16(b);
+        a += 32, b += 32, n -= 32;
+    }
+    ab_vec = _mm512_fmadd_ph(_mm512_castsi512_ph(a_i16_vec), _mm512_castsi512_ph(b_i16_vec), ab_vec);
+    a2_vec = _mm512_fmadd_ph(_mm512_castsi512_ph(a_i16_vec), _mm512_castsi512_ph(a_i16_vec), a2_vec);
+    b2_vec = _mm512_fmadd_ph(_mm512_castsi512_ph(b_i16_vec), _mm512_castsi512_ph(b_i16_vec), b2_vec);
+    if (n)
+        goto simsimd_cos_f16_sapphire_cycle;
+
+    simsimd_f32_t ab = _mm512_reduce_add_ph(ab_vec);
+    simsimd_f32_t a2 = _mm512_reduce_add_ph(a2_vec);
+    simsimd_f32_t b2 = _mm512_reduce_add_ph(b2_vec);
+
+    // Compute the reciprocal square roots of a2 and b2
+    __m128 rsqrts = _mm_rsqrt14_ps(_mm_set_ps(0.f, 0.f, a2 + 1.e-9f, b2 + 1.e-9f));
+    simsimd_f32_t rsqrt_a2 = _mm_cvtss_f32(rsqrts);
+    simsimd_f32_t rsqrt_b2 = _mm_cvtss_f32(_mm_shuffle_ps(rsqrts, rsqrts, _MM_SHUFFLE(0, 0, 0, 1)));
+    *result = 1 - ab * rsqrt_a2 * rsqrt_b2;
+}
+
+#pragma clang attribute pop
+#pragma GCC pop_options
+#endif // SIMSIMD_TARGET_SAPPHIRE
+
+#if SIMSIMD_TARGET_ICE
+#pragma GCC push_options
+#pragma GCC target("avx512f", "avx512vl", "bmi2", "avx512bw", "avx512vnni")
+#pragma clang attribute push(__attribute__((target("avx512f,avx512vl,bmi2,avx512bw,avx512vnni"))), apply_to = function)
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_l2sq_i8_ice(simsimd_i8_t const* a, simsimd_i8_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                        simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    __m512i d2_i32s_vec = _mm512_setzero_si512();
+    __m512i a_vec, b_vec, d_i16s_vec;
+
+simsimd_l2sq_i8_ice_cycle:
+    if (n < 32) {
+        __mmask32 mask = (__mmask32)_bzhi_u32(0xFFFFFFFF, n);
+        a_vec = _mm512_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_maskz_loadu_epi8(mask, a));
+        b_vec = _mm512_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_maskz_loadu_epi8(mask, b));
+        n = 0;
+    } else {
+        a_vec = _mm512_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_loadu_epi8(a));
+        b_vec = _mm512_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_loadu_epi8(b));
+        a += 32, b += 32, n -= 32;
+    }
+    d_i16s_vec = _mm512_sub_epi16(a_vec, b_vec);
+    d2_i32s_vec = _mm512_dpwssd_epi32(d2_i32s_vec, d_i16s_vec, d_i16s_vec);
+    if (n)
+        goto simsimd_l2sq_i8_ice_cycle;
+
+    *result = _mm512_reduce_add_epi32(d2_i32s_vec);
+}
+
+SIMSIMD_PUBLIC void simsimd_cos_i8_ice(simsimd_i8_t const* a, simsimd_i8_t const* b, simsimd_size_t n,
+                                       simsimd_distance_t* result) {
+    __m512i ab_i32s_vec = _mm512_setzero_si512();
+    __m512i a2_i32s_vec = _mm512_setzero_si512();
+    __m512i b2_i32s_vec = _mm512_setzero_si512();
+    __m512i a_vec, b_vec;
+
+simsimd_cos_i8_ice_cycle:
+    if (n < 32) {
+        __mmask32 mask = (__mmask32)_bzhi_u32(0xFFFFFFFF, n);
+        a_vec = _mm512_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_maskz_loadu_epi8(mask, a));
+        b_vec = _mm512_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_maskz_loadu_epi8(mask, b));
+        n = 0;
+    } else {
+        a_vec = _mm512_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_loadu_epi8(a));
+        b_vec = _mm512_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm256_loadu_epi8(b));
+        a += 32, b += 32, n -= 32;
+    }
+    // Unfortunately we can't use the `_mm512_dpbusd_epi32` intrinsics here either,
+    // as it's assymetric with respect to the sign of the input arguments:
+    //      Signed(ZeroExtend16(a.byte[4*j]) * SignExtend16(b.byte[4*j]))
+    // So we have to use the `_mm512_dpwssd_epi32` intrinsics instead, upcasting
+    // to 16-bit beforehand.
+    ab_i32s_vec = _mm512_dpwssd_epi32(ab_i32s_vec, a_vec, b_vec);
+    a2_i32s_vec = _mm512_dpwssd_epi32(a2_i32s_vec, a_vec, a_vec);
+    b2_i32s_vec = _mm512_dpwssd_epi32(b2_i32s_vec, b_vec, b_vec);
+    if (n)
+        goto simsimd_cos_i8_ice_cycle;
+
+    simsimd_f32_t ab = _mm512_reduce_add_epi32(ab_i32s_vec);
+    simsimd_f32_t a2 = _mm512_reduce_add_epi32(a2_i32s_vec);
+    simsimd_f32_t b2 = _mm512_reduce_add_epi32(b2_i32s_vec);
+
+    // Compute the reciprocal square roots of a2 and b2
+    // Mysteriously, MSVC has no `_mm_rsqrt14_ps` intrinsic, but has it's masked variants,
+    // so let's use `_mm_maskz_rsqrt14_ps(0xFF, ...)` instead.
+    __m128 rsqrts = _mm_maskz_rsqrt14_ps(0xFF, _mm_set_ps(0.f, 0.f, a2 + 1.e-9f, b2 + 1.e-9f));
+    simsimd_f32_t rsqrt_a2 = _mm_cvtss_f32(rsqrts);
+    simsimd_f32_t rsqrt_b2 = _mm_cvtss_f32(_mm_shuffle_ps(rsqrts, rsqrts, _MM_SHUFFLE(0, 0, 0, 1)));
+    *result = 1 - ab * rsqrt_a2 * rsqrt_b2;
+}
+
+#pragma clang attribute pop
+#pragma GCC pop_options
+#endif // SIMSIMD_TARGET_ICE
+#endif // SIMSIMD_TARGET_X86
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif