underpost 3.2.70 → 3.2.90

package/src/cli/deploy.js

@@ -8,22 +8,148 @@ import {
   buildKindPorts,
   buildPortProxyRouter,
   buildProxyRouter,
+  clusterTypeFactory,
   Config,
   cronDeployIdResolve,
+  deployHostsFactory,
   deployRangePortFactory,
+  gatewayApiEnabledFactory,
   getDataDeploy,
+  instanceStatusPageEntriesFactory,
+  loadConfInstances,
   loadConfServerJson,
   loadReplicas,
+  nextTrafficFactory,
   pathPortAssignmentFactory,
+  schedulableNodeFactory,
+  trafficFromRoutingInfoFactory,
 } from '../server/conf.js';
 import { loggerFactory } from '../server/logger.js';
 import { shellExec } from '../server/process.js';
 import { INTERNAL_READY_PATH, INTERNAL_HEALTH_PATH } from '../server/runtime-status.js';
+import { staticContextRoutesFactory, statusPageRoutesFactory } from '../client-builder/client-build.js';
+import {
+  UNDERPOST_GATEWAY,
+  hostServerConfFactory,
+  installGatewayConf,
+  underpostGatewayManifestsFactory,
+  staticLocationFactory,
+  statusPageAssetPathFactory,
+  statusPageBuildSegment,
+  syncStaticAssetFromPod,
+  writeHostServerConf,
+  writeStaticAsset,
+} from '../server/underpost-gateway.js';
+import { getCapVariableName } from '../client/components/core/CommonJs.js';
 import fs from 'fs-extra';
+import nodePath from 'node:path';
 import dotenv from 'dotenv';
 import os from 'node:os';
+import crypto from 'node:crypto';
 import Underpost from '../index.js';
 
+/**
+ * Clamps an identifier to the Kubernetes DNS-1123 label limit (63 chars),
+ * used for pod-local `volumes[].name` / `volumeMounts[].name`. Names within the
+ * limit are returned verbatim so existing short names are stable; longer ones
+ * are truncated and suffixed with an 8-char content hash to stay unique and
+ * deterministic (e.g. the per-variant instance volume names, which append the
+ * full `<deployId>-<env>-<traffic>` and can exceed 63).
+ * @param {string} name - Candidate name.
+ * @returns {string} A name no longer than 63 characters.
+ */
+const k8sVolumeName = (name) => {
+  if (typeof name !== 'string' || name.length <= 63) return name;
+  const hash = crypto.createHash('sha1').update(name).digest('hex').slice(0, 8);
+  return `${name.slice(0, 54)}-${hash}`;
+};
+
+const GATEWAY_API_GROUP = 'gateway.networking.k8s.io';
+const GATEWAY_API_GROUP_VERSION = `${GATEWAY_API_GROUP}/v1`;
+// QUIC/HTTP3 listener config and direct-response status pages are the two route
+// behaviours core Gateway API leaves to the implementation. Both are expressed
+// through the Envoy Gateway extension group, so retargeting another Gateway API
+// implementation is a change to these two constants and nothing else.
+const GATEWAY_EXTENSION_GROUP = 'gateway.envoyproxy.io';
+const GATEWAY_EXTENSION_GROUP_VERSION = `${GATEWAY_EXTENSION_GROUP}/v1alpha1`;
+const GATEWAY_CONTROLLER_NAME = `${GATEWAY_EXTENSION_GROUP}/gatewayclass-controller`;
+// The class `cluster --gateway-api` provisions and the class every generated
+// Gateway references: one name, resolved through gatewayApiConfigFactory, so an
+// override reaches the installer and the manifests together.
+const GATEWAY_CLASS_DEFAULT = 'eg';
+// Where `bin client <deployId> <env>` writes each host's bundle, including the
+// SSR status views declared in conf.ssr.json (`<host><path>/<status>/index.html`).
+// Engine root inside the workload container; the built PWA artifacts live under
+// its `public/` tree, which is where the static edge documents are sourced from.
+// A workload that is gone answers with none of these itself; Envoy or the
+// gateway hop produces them, and a maintenance page is what they mean.
+const UPSTREAM_FAILURE_STATUSES = [502, 503, 504];
+
+const CONTAINER_ENGINE_ROOT = '/home/dd/engine';
+
+/**
+ * Maps a host/path's edge-served views onto the statuses the gateway intercepts
+ * for it, and the context directory each status is answered from.
+ *
+ * The mapping is the config's, not a policy of its own: a declared status page
+ * (`/404`) answers that status, and the maintenance view answers the codes that
+ * mean the workload is not there — a dead pod is exactly what a maintenance page
+ * is for. A host that declares neither is never intercepted and keeps routing
+ * straight to its workload.
+ * @param {Array<object>} edgeRoutes - Entries from {@link UnderpostDeploy.edgeRouteEntriesFactory}.
+ * @returns {Object<string,string>} Status code → context directory under the sub-path.
+ */
+const interceptStatusesFactory = (edgeRoutes = []) => {
+  const statuses = {};
+  for (const route of edgeRoutes) {
+    if (route.status) statuses[route.status] = `status-pages/${route.status}`;
+    else if (route.context === 'maintenance')
+      for (const code of UPSTREAM_FAILURE_STATUSES) statuses[code] = route.context;
+  }
+  return statuses;
+};
+
+/**
+ * The API sub-path of a host/path, when it declares one. Kept out of the
+ * intercepted route so an API answers with its own status and body.
+ * @param {object} confServer - Parsed `conf.server.json`.
+ * @param {string} host - Hostname.
+ * @param {string} path - Proxy sub-path.
+ * @returns {string} API path prefix, or an empty string when the path serves no API.
+ */
+const apiPathFactory = ({ confServer, host, path }) => {
+  const apis = confServer?.[host]?.[path]?.apis;
+  if (!Array.isArray(apis) || apis.length === 0) return '';
+  return `${path === '/' ? '' : path}/${process.env.BASE_API || 'api'}`;
+};
+const GATEWAY_DURATION_UNITS = [
+  ['h', 3600000],
+  ['m', 60000],
+  ['s', 1000],
+  ['ms', 1],
+];
+
+/**
+ * Converts an HTTPProxy duration (`300000ms`, `10s`, `infinity`) into a Gateway
+ * API Duration. The Gateway API grammar allows at most 5 digits per component,
+ * so a value that overflows in one unit is re-expressed in a coarser one
+ * (`300000ms` → `5m`); `infinity` maps to `0s`, which disables the timeout.
+ * @param {string|number} value - Source duration.
+ * @returns {string|null} Gateway API Duration, or null when unset/unparsable.
+ */
+const gatewayDurationFactory = (value) => {
+  if (value === undefined || value === null || value === '') return null;
+  const raw = `${value}`.trim();
+  if (raw === 'infinity' || raw === '0') return '0s';
+  const match = /^(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)(ms|s|m|h)?$/.exec(raw);
+  if (!match) return null;
+  const factor = Object.fromEntries(GATEWAY_DURATION_UNITS)[match[2] || 'ms'];
+  const ms = Math.round(parseFloat(match[1]) * factor);
+  for (const [suffix, unit] of GATEWAY_DURATION_UNITS)
+    if (ms % unit === 0 && ms / unit <= 99999) return `${ms / unit}${suffix}`;
+  return `${Math.ceil(ms / 1000)}s`;
+};
+
 const logger = loggerFactory(import.meta);
 
 /**
@@ -50,6 +176,80 @@ class UnderpostDeploy {
       await Config.build('proxy', deployList);
       return buildPortProxyRouter({ port: env === 'development' ? 80 : 443, proxyRouter: buildProxyRouter() });
     },
+    /**
+     * Stable Service used by every routing layer for one blue/green workload.
+     * Its name never carries the colour; promotion changes only its selector.
+     * @param {string} deployId - Deployment identifier.
+     * @param {string} env - Deployment environment.
+     * @returns {string} Kubernetes Service name.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    trafficServiceNameFactory({ deployId, env }) {
+      return k8sVolumeName(`${deployId}-${env}-traffic-service`);
+    },
+    /**
+     * Renders the stable traffic Service. Both Envoy/Contour and the fallback
+     * gateway use this object, so one selector update moves every port/path.
+     * @param {string} deployId - Deployment identifier.
+     * @param {string} env - Deployment environment.
+     * @param {string} traffic - Selected colour.
+     * @param {string} [namespace] - Kubernetes namespace.
+     * @param {number} fromPort - First workload port.
+     * @param {number} toPort - Last workload port.
+     * @returns {string} Service YAML.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    trafficServiceYamlFactory({ deployId, env, traffic, namespace = 'default', fromPort, toPort }) {
+      if (!['blue', 'green'].includes(traffic)) throw new Error(`Invalid traffic colour: ${traffic}`);
+      return `---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: ${Underpost.deploy.trafficServiceNameFactory({ deployId, env })}
+  namespace: ${namespace}
+  labels:
+    underpost.net/traffic-service: "true"
+    underpost.net/deploy-id: ${deployId}-${env}
+spec:
+  type: ClusterIP
+  selector:
+    app: ${deployId}-${env}-${traffic}
+  ports:
+${buildKindPorts(fromPort, toPort)}`;
+    },
+    /**
+     * Applies a stable traffic Service from either a built manifest or explicit
+     * port bounds, replacing only its selector colour.
+     * @returns {string} Applied Service name.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    applyTrafficService({ deployId, env, traffic, namespace = 'default', manifestPath, fromPort, toPort }) {
+      if (!['blue', 'green'].includes(traffic)) throw new Error(`Invalid traffic colour: ${traffic}`);
+      let manifest =
+        manifestPath && fs.existsSync(manifestPath)
+          ? fs.readFileSync(manifestPath, 'utf8')
+          : Underpost.deploy.trafficServiceYamlFactory({ deployId, env, traffic, namespace, fromPort, toPort });
+      const escaped = `${deployId}-${env}`.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&');
+      manifest = manifest.replace(new RegExp(`app: ${escaped}-(?:blue|green)`), `app: ${deployId}-${env}-${traffic}`);
+      shellExec(`kubectl apply -f - -n ${namespace} <<'EOF'
+${manifest}
+EOF
+`);
+      return Underpost.deploy.trafficServiceNameFactory({ deployId, env });
+    },
+    /**
+     * Removes the route kind owned by the inactive ingress stack. The active
+     * route is already published before this runs, so migration never creates a
+     * hostname with no route.
+     * @param {Array<string>} hosts - Hostnames/resource names to converge.
+     * @param {boolean} gatewayApi - Whether HTTPRoute is the destination stack.
+     * @param {string} namespace - Kubernetes namespace.
+     */
+    removeInactiveHostRoutes({ hosts = [], gatewayApi, namespace = 'default' }) {
+      const kind = gatewayApi ? 'HTTPProxy' : 'HTTPRoute';
+      for (const host of [...new Set(hosts.filter(Boolean))])
+        shellExec(`kubectl delete ${kind} ${host} -n ${namespace} --ignore-not-found`, { silent: true });
+    },
     /**
      * Creates a YAML service configuration for a deployment.
      * @param {string} deployId - Deployment ID for which the service is being created.
@@ -104,7 +304,7 @@ class UnderpostDeploy {
       }
       enableWebsockets: true
       services:
-    ${deploymentVersions
+    ${(serviceId ? [null] : deploymentVersions)
       .map(
         (version, i) =>
           `    - name: ${serviceId ? serviceId : `${deployId}-${env}-${version}-service`}
@@ -172,6 +372,19 @@ class UnderpostDeploy {
         };
       return probes;
     },
+    /**
+     * Resolves a required readiness probe for a custom workload. A configured
+     * probe wins; otherwise a TCP probe on the instance port is the safe floor.
+     * @param {object} [probe] - Configured readiness probe.
+     * @param {number} port - Instance container port.
+     * @returns {object} A Kubernetes readiness probe.
+     */
+    requiredReadinessProbeFactory({ probe, port }) {
+      if (probe) return probe;
+      if (!port) throw new Error('A readiness probe or container port is required');
+      return Underpost.deploy.runtimeProbesFactory({ port, useHttp: false, liveness: false, startup: false })
+        .readinessProbe;
+    },
     /**
      * Creates a YAML deployment configuration for a deployment.
      * @param {string} deployId - Deployment ID for which the deployment is being created.
@@ -191,6 +404,7 @@ class UnderpostDeploy {
      * @param {object} livenessProbe - Kubernetes liveness probe configuration for the deployment container.
      * @param {object} startupProbe - Kubernetes startup probe configuration for the deployment container.
      * @param {number} containerPort - Container port to expose for the deployment.
+     * @param {string} [nodeName] - Kubernetes node hostname that the workload must run on.
      * @returns {string} - YAML deployment configuration for the specified deployment.
      * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
      */
@@ -218,11 +432,13 @@ class UnderpostDeploy {
       livenessProbe,
       startupProbe,
       containerPort,
+      nodeName,
       // Explicit, secret-free internal status port injected as an env var so the
       // in-pod endpoint binds exactly what the probes and the monitor target,
       // independent of the ambient `PORT` baked into the image/secret.
       internalStatusPort,
     }) {
+      if (!readinessProbe) throw new Error(`Refusing to build ${deployId}-${env}-${suffix} without a readiness probe`);
       if (!cmd)
         cmd =
           pullBundle || skipFullBuild
@@ -265,7 +481,13 @@ spec:
         app: ${deployId}-${env}-${suffix}
         deploy-id: ${deployId}-${env}
     spec:
-      containers:
+${
+  nodeName
+    ? `      nodeSelector:
+        kubernetes.io/hostname: ${nodeName}
+`
+    : ''
+}      containers:
         - name: ${deployId}-${env}-${suffix}
           image: ${containerImage}
           imagePullPolicy: ${imagePullPolicy ? imagePullPolicy : containerImage.startsWith('localhost/') ? 'Never' : 'IfNotPresent'}
@@ -375,13 +597,16 @@ spec:
      * @param {string} [options.retryCount] - HTTPProxy per-route retry count (e.g. 3).
      * @param {string} [options.retryPerTryTimeout] - HTTPProxy per-route per-try timeout (e.g. "150ms").
      * @param {boolean} [options.disableDeploymentProxy] - Whether to disable deployment proxy route generation.
+     * @param {string} [options.gatewayClass] - GatewayClass name baked into the generated `gateway.yaml`.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.disableHttp3] - Omit QUIC/HTTP3 listener config and the Alt-Svc advertisement from the Gateway API manifests.
+     * @param {number|string} [options.quicPort] - UDP port advertised for QUIC/HTTP3.
      * @param {string} [options.traffic] - Comma-separated active traffic colour(s) used to select which versions receive traffic (e.g. "blue", "green").
      * @param {boolean} [options.cert] - Whether to include cert-manager Certificate resources in secret.yaml (production only).
      * @param {boolean} [options.selfSigned] - Whether to include TLS block in HTTPProxy using a pre-created self-signed secret. Enables HTTPS for development without cert-manager.
      * @param {boolean} [options.skipFullBuild] - Whether to skip the full client bundle build; forwarded to deploymentYamlPartsFactory.
      * @param {boolean} [options.pullBundle] - Whether to pull the pre-built client bundle from Cloudinary; forwarded to deploymentYamlPartsFactory. Use together with skipFullBuild.
      * @param {string} [options.imagePullPolicy] - Container imagePullPolicy override (`Always`, `IfNotPresent`, `Never`); forwarded to deploymentYamlPartsFactory. Defaults to `Never` for `localhost/` images and `IfNotPresent` otherwise.
-     * @param {boolean} [options.disableRuntimeProbes] - Omit internal-status HTTP probes from generated manifests. When true no readiness/liveness/startup probes are emitted.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.disableRuntimeProbes] - Deprecated compatibility flag; readiness remains mandatory.
      * @param {boolean} [options.tcpProbes] - Emit legacy TCP socket probes instead of HTTP internal-status probes (migration path).
      * @param {string} [options.node] - Explicit target node for hostPath PV nodeAffinity pinning; resolved through {@link UnderpostDeploy.resolveDeployNode} together with the cluster flags.
      * @param {boolean} [options.kind] - Kind cluster context; affects the cluster-type node default when no explicit node is set.
@@ -416,11 +641,11 @@ spec:
         // inside the pod. It is injected into the pod env (UNDERPOST_INTERNAL_PORT)
         // and used for both the probes and the monitor's port-forward target so
         // all three agree regardless of the image's ambient PORT.
-        // Opt out with `--disable-runtime-probes` to keep legacy probe-less pods.
+        // Readiness is a hard promotion invariant. The legacy disable flag is
+        // intentionally ignored; workloads that cannot serve the internal HTTP
+        // endpoint can migrate with the explicit TCP probe mode.
         const internalPort = fromPort - 1;
-        const probes = options.disableRuntimeProbes
-          ? {}
-          : Underpost.deploy.runtimeProbesFactory({ port: internalPort, useHttp: !options.tcpProbes });
+        const probes = Underpost.deploy.runtimeProbesFactory({ port: internalPort, useHttp: !options.tcpProbes });
 
         let deploymentYamlParts = '';
         for (const deploymentVersion of deploymentVersions) {
@@ -437,7 +662,19 @@ ${Underpost.deploy
     skipFullBuild: options.skipFullBuild,
     pullBundle: options.pullBundle,
     imagePullPolicy: options.imagePullPolicy,
-    internalStatusPort: options.disableRuntimeProbes ? undefined : internalPort,
+    // Workload placement belongs in the manifest submitted for the rollout.
+    // Patching it after promotion creates a second ReplicaSet and can leave the
+    // old live pod pending termination behind a replacement that is not Ready.
+    nodeName: options.node
+      ? Underpost.deploy.resolveDeployNode({
+          node: options.node,
+          kind: options.kind,
+          kubeadm: options.kubeadm,
+          k3s: options.k3s,
+          env,
+        })
+      : '',
+    internalStatusPort: internalPort,
     readinessProbe: probes.readinessProbe,
     livenessProbe: probes.livenessProbe,
     startupProbe: probes.startupProbe,
@@ -446,6 +683,19 @@ ${Underpost.deploy
 `;
         }
         fs.writeFileSync(`./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/build/${env}/deployment.yaml`, deploymentYamlParts, 'utf8');
+        const builtTraffic = `${options.traffic || deploymentVersions[0] || 'blue'}`.split(',')[0].trim();
+        fs.writeFileSync(
+          `./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/build/${env}/traffic-service.yaml`,
+          Underpost.deploy.trafficServiceYamlFactory({
+            deployId,
+            env,
+            traffic: builtTraffic,
+            namespace: options.namespace,
+            fromPort,
+            toPort,
+          }),
+          'utf8',
+        );
 
         Underpost.deploy.buildGrpcServiceManifest({
           deployId,
@@ -488,9 +738,34 @@ ${Underpost.deploy
 
         let proxyYaml = '';
         let secretYaml = '';
+        let gatewayYaml = '';
+        let httpRouteYaml = '';
         const customServices = fs.existsSync(`./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/conf.services.json`)
           ? JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(`./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/conf.services.json`))
           : [];
+        // PWA status pages are SSR views whose route is a bare status code; the
+        // client build writes each to `<path>/index.html` inside the served
+        // bundle, so the gateway rewrites to that artifact instead of carrying
+        // a copy of the document (which is what custom instances need).
+        const confSSRPath = `./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/conf.ssr.json`;
+        const confSSR = fs.existsSync(confSSRPath) ? JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(confSSRPath, 'utf8')) : {};
+        const { altSvc, http3, gatewayClassName } = Underpost.deploy.gatewayApiConfigFactory(options);
+        // Node directory backing the static utility's volume; documents are
+        // placed here rather than in the cluster's object store, which is what
+        // lifts the size ceiling entirely.
+        const staticHostRoot = Underpost.deploy.underpostGatewayRootFactory(options);
+        // Contexts routed to the gateway. Status pages are absent by design: they
+        // are reached by interception only, never as a destination.
+        const edgeRouteRecords = [];
+        // Per-host proxy routes contributed to the shared gateway's own config.
+        const gatewayRoutesByHost = {};
+        // Every host attaches to one deploy-scoped Gateway. Each hostname gets
+        // distinct HTTP/HTTPS listeners: mergeGateways combines every Gateway
+        // in the class, and (port, protocol, hostname) must remain unique across
+        // that complete set.
+        const gatewayName = Underpost.deploy.gatewayNameFactory({ deployId, env });
+        const trafficServiceName = Underpost.deploy.trafficServiceNameFactory({ deployId, env });
+        const gatewayHosts = [];
 
         for (const host of Object.keys(confServer)) {
           if (env === 'production' && options.cert === true)
@@ -499,8 +774,11 @@ ${Underpost.deploy
           const pathPortAssignment = pathPortAssignmentData[host];
           // logger.info('', { host, pathPortAssignment });
           let _proxyYaml = Underpost.deploy.baseProxyYamlFactory({ host, env, options });
-          const deploymentVersions =
-            options.traffic && typeof options.traffic === 'string' ? options.traffic.split(',') : ['blue'];
+          // The live colour is a cluster fact, and a build must not need one: with
+          // no `--traffic` the routes carry every colour this build emits, the
+          // first at full weight. `switchTraffic` passes the promoted colour
+          // explicitly, so a real promotion still pins exactly one.
+          const deploymentVersions = `${options.traffic || options.versions || 'blue,green'}`.split(',');
           let proxyRoutes = '';
           const globalTimeoutPolicy =
             (options.timeoutResponse && options.timeoutResponse !== '') ||
@@ -519,18 +797,87 @@ ${Underpost.deploy
                   perTryTimeout: options.retryPerTryTimeout,
                 }
               : undefined;
+          let routeRules = '';
           if (!options.disableDeploymentProxy)
             for (const conditionObj of pathPortAssignment) {
               const { path, port } = conditionObj;
               proxyRoutes += Underpost.deploy.deploymentYamlServiceFactory({
                 path,
-                deployId,
-                env,
                 port,
-                deploymentVersions,
+                serviceId: trafficServiceName,
                 timeoutPolicy: globalTimeoutPolicy,
                 retryPolicy: globalRetryPolicy,
               });
+              // Intercepted contexts get a route of their own — `/offline` and
+              // `/maintenance` are addresses a client asks for, and the service
+              // worker precaches them by URL.
+              //
+              // A status page gets none. It is reached only by interception, so
+              // the client's URI is always the one it requested: a route for
+              // `/404` would make the status page a destination, and any hop to
+              // it — a rewrite, or a runtime that redirects its own 404s — is a
+              // URI the client did not ask for. `/invalid-path` must answer 404
+              // with the configured document while staying `/invalid-path`, which
+              // only `proxy_intercept_errors` in the gateway can do.
+              const edgeRoutes = Underpost.deploy.edgeRouteEntriesFactory({ confServer, confSSR, host, path });
+              const interceptStatuses = Object.keys(interceptStatusesFactory(edgeRoutes));
+              for (const edgeRoute of edgeRoutes.filter((route) => !route.status)) {
+                routeRules += Underpost.deploy.httpRouteRuleFactory({
+                  path: edgeRoute.routePath,
+                  // Onto the directory, not the document: one rule then covers
+                  // the page and any asset beside it, which is exactly what the
+                  // static utility's `try_files $uri $uri/index.html` resolves.
+                  replacePrefixMatch: edgeRoute.dir,
+                  serviceId: UNDERPOST_GATEWAY.serviceName,
+                  port: UNDERPOST_GATEWAY.port,
+                  timeoutPolicy: globalTimeoutPolicy,
+                  retryPolicy: globalRetryPolicy,
+                  altSvc: http3 ? altSvc : undefined,
+                });
+                edgeRouteRecords.push({
+                  host,
+                  path: edgeRoute.routePath,
+                  kind: edgeRoute.kind,
+                  servedBy: UNDERPOST_GATEWAY.serviceName,
+                  rewrite: edgeRoute.dir,
+                  assetPath: edgeRoute.assetPath,
+                });
+              }
+              // The site path goes through the shared gateway, which proxies it
+              // to this workload and swaps in a status document when the
+              // workload errors or is gone. The API path is routed straight to
+              // the workload instead: its errors are its own contract, and a
+              // client parsing JSON must not receive an HTML page.
+              const intercepted = interceptStatuses.length > 0;
+              if (intercepted && apiPathFactory({ confServer, host, path }))
+                routeRules += Underpost.deploy.httpRouteRuleFactory({
+                  path: apiPathFactory({ confServer, host, path }),
+                  port,
+                  serviceId: trafficServiceName,
+                  timeoutPolicy: globalTimeoutPolicy,
+                  retryPolicy: globalRetryPolicy,
+                  altSvc: http3 ? altSvc : undefined,
+                });
+              routeRules += Underpost.deploy.httpRouteRuleFactory({
+                path,
+                ...(intercepted
+                  ? { serviceId: UNDERPOST_GATEWAY.serviceName, port: UNDERPOST_GATEWAY.port }
+                  : { serviceId: trafficServiceName, port }),
+                timeoutPolicy: globalTimeoutPolicy,
+                retryPolicy: globalRetryPolicy,
+                altSvc: http3 ? altSvc : undefined,
+              });
+              gatewayRoutesByHost[host] = (gatewayRoutesByHost[host] || []).concat(
+                intercepted
+                  ? {
+                      path,
+                      upstream: `${trafficServiceName}:${port}`,
+                      statuses: interceptStatusesFactory(
+                        Underpost.deploy.edgeRouteEntriesFactory({ confServer, confSSR, host, path }),
+                      ),
+                    }
+                  : [],
+              );
             }
           for (const customService of customServices) {
             const {
@@ -552,24 +899,105 @@ ${Underpost.deploy
                 timeoutPolicy: _timeoutPolicy ? _timeoutPolicy : globalTimeoutPolicy,
                 retryPolicy: _retryPolicy ? _retryPolicy : globalRetryPolicy,
               });
+              routeRules += Underpost.deploy.httpRouteRuleFactory({
+                path: _path,
+                port,
+                serviceId,
+                deploymentVersions,
+                pathRewritePolicy,
+                timeoutPolicy: _timeoutPolicy ? _timeoutPolicy : globalTimeoutPolicy,
+                retryPolicy: _retryPolicy ? _retryPolicy : globalRetryPolicy,
+                altSvc: http3 ? altSvc : undefined,
+              });
             }
           }
           if (proxyRoutes) proxyYaml += _proxyYaml + proxyRoutes;
+          if (routeRules) {
+            gatewayHosts.push(host);
+            httpRouteYaml += Underpost.deploy.httpRouteYamlFactory({
+              host,
+              options,
+              rules: routeRules,
+              parentName: gatewayName,
+            });
+          }
+        }
+        if (gatewayHosts.length > 0) {
+          // Instance hostnames belong on this Gateway's certificate list even
+          // though their routes are applied later by `instance-promote`: one
+          // Gateway terminates every hostname the deploy serves, and a hostname
+          // with no certificate listener here has no TLS filter chain to reach.
+          // The Gateway remains deploy-scoped, while its listeners are scoped by
+          // hostname so they can coexist with the other merged Gateways.
+          const allGatewayHosts = [
+            ...new Set([...gatewayHosts, ...deployHostsFactory(deployId).filter((host) => !confServer[host])]),
+          ].sort();
+          gatewayYaml += Underpost.deploy.gatewayYamlFactory({
+            name: gatewayName,
+            hosts: allGatewayHosts,
+            env,
+            options,
+          });
+          gatewayYaml += Underpost.deploy.clientTrafficPolicyYamlFactory({
+            name: gatewayName,
+            sectionNames: allGatewayHosts.map((host) =>
+              Underpost.deploy.gatewayListenerNameFactory({ protocol: 'https', host }),
+            ),
+            env,
+            options,
+          });
         }
+        // The shared gateway proxies the intercepted paths, so its own config is
+        // part of this build — written as an artifact beside the manifests and
+        // nothing more. Installing it into the live workload and reloading it is
+        // the apply path's job: a build must work with no cluster running.
+        for (const [gatewayHost, routes] of Object.entries(gatewayRoutesByHost))
+          writeHostServerConf({
+            confDir: Underpost.deploy.gatewayConfDirFactory({ deployId, env }),
+            host: gatewayHost,
+            conf: hostServerConfFactory({
+              host: gatewayHost,
+              routes,
+              namespace: options.namespace || 'default',
+            }),
+          });
         const yamlPath = `./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/build/${env}/proxy.yaml`;
         fs.writeFileSync(yamlPath, proxyYaml, 'utf8');
+        const buildPath = `./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/build/${env}`;
+        for (const [name, content] of Object.entries({
+          'gateway.yaml': gatewayYaml,
+          'httproute.yaml': httpRouteYaml,
+        }))
+          Underpost.deploy.writeManifest({ filePath: `${buildPath}/${name}`, content });
+        logger.info('Gateway API manifests written', {
+          deployId,
+          env,
+          gatewayClass: gatewayClassName,
+          http3,
+          altSvc: http3 ? altSvc : null,
+          edgeRoutes: edgeRouteRecords,
+        });
         if (env === 'production') {
           const yamlPath = `./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/build/${env}/secret.yaml`;
           fs.writeFileSync(yamlPath, secretYaml, 'utf8');
         } else {
-          const deploymentsFiles = ['Dockerfile', 'proxy.yaml', 'deployment.yaml', 'pv-pvc.yaml', 'grpc-service.yaml'];
+          const deploymentsFiles = [
+            'Dockerfile',
+            'proxy.yaml',
+            'gateway.yaml',
+            'httproute.yaml',
+            'deployment.yaml',
+            'traffic-service.yaml',
+            'pv-pvc.yaml',
+            'grpc-service.yaml',
+          ];
           for (const file of deploymentsFiles) {
-            if (fs.existsSync(`./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/build/${env}/${file}`)) {
-              fs.copyFileSync(
-                `./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/build/${env}/${file}`,
-                `./manifests/deployment/${deployId}-${env}/${file}`,
-              );
-            }
+            const source = `./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/build/${env}/${file}`;
+            const target = `./manifests/deployment/${deployId}-${env}/${file}`;
+            // Mirror absence as well as presence: a file this build no longer
+            // produces must not survive here from an earlier one.
+            if (fs.existsSync(source)) fs.copyFileSync(source, target);
+            else fs.removeSync(target);
           }
         }
       }
@@ -665,25 +1093,105 @@ spec:
      * @param {object} options - Options for the traffic retrieval.
      * @param {string} options.hostTest - Hostname to test for traffic status.
      * @param {string} options.namespace - Kubernetes namespace for the deployment.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.gatewayApi] - Force the Gateway API stack; on by default unless `disableGatewayApi` is set.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.disableGatewayApi] - Read the colour from the Contour HTTPProxy instead of the Gateway API HTTPRoute.
+     * @param {string} [options.underpostGatewayRoot] - Node directory backing the gateway volume, where an intercepted host's colour lives.
      * @returns {string|null} - Current traffic status ('blue' or 'green') or null if not found.
      * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
      */
-    getCurrentTraffic(deployId, options = { hostTest: '', namespace: '' }) {
+    getCurrentTraffic(deployId, options = { hostTest: '', namespace: '', env: '' }) {
       if (!options.namespace) options.namespace = 'default';
-      // kubectl get deploy,sts,svc,configmap,secret -n default -o yaml --export > default.yaml
+      // The stable Service selector is the blue/green authority. Routes and the
+      // fallback gateway deliberately contain no colour after migration, so
+      // reading them first would make a healthy deployment appear unrouted.
+      for (const env of options.env ? [options.env] : ['production', 'development']) {
+        const service = Underpost.deploy.trafficServiceNameFactory({ deployId, env });
+        const selector = shellExec(
+          `kubectl get service ${service} -n ${options.namespace} -o jsonpath='{.spec.selector.app}'`,
+          {
+            stdout: true,
+            silent: true,
+            silentOnError: true,
+          },
+        );
+        const traffic = trafficFromRoutingInfoFactory({ info: `${selector}`, deployId, env });
+        if (traffic) return traffic;
+      }
       const hostTest = options?.hostTest
         ? options.hostTest
         : Object.keys(loadConfServerJson(`./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/conf.server.json`))[0];
-      // Missing HTTPProxy is the canonical "no traffic colour set yet" state
-      // for blue/green rollouts. silentOnError swallows kubectl's NotFound
-      // exit so the function can return null cleanly.
-      const info = shellExec(`sudo kubectl get HTTPProxy/${hostTest} -n ${options.namespace} -o yaml`, {
-        silent: true,
-        stdout: true,
-        silentOnError: true,
+      return trafficFromRoutingInfoFactory({
+        info: Underpost.deploy.readHostRoutingInfo({ host: hostTest, options }),
+        deployId,
+        env: options.env,
       });
-      if (!info) return null;
-      return info.match('blue') ? 'blue' : info.match('green') ? 'green' : null;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * All the routing text that can carry a host's traffic colour.
+     *
+     * Two sources, because one is not enough on its own: the route object names
+     * the colour for a host routed straight at its workload, and the Nginx server
+     * block names it for a host whose errors the gateway intercepts — those are
+     * routed at `underpost-gateway-service`, so their colour appears nowhere in
+     * the route object. Reading both means the colour resolves the same way
+     * whichever stack is live and whether or not the host is intercepted.
+     *
+     * Split out of {@link UnderpostDeploy.getCurrentTraffic} so a report covering
+     * many deployments and environments can read each host once instead of once
+     * per row.
+     *
+     * The stack the flags select is read first, and the other one is read when
+     * that finds nothing. Which kind describes a host is a property of the
+     * cluster, not of the invocation: a command run without `--disable-gateway-api`
+     * against a Contour-routed host would otherwise report it as having no colour
+     * at all, and silently act on that — stopping the wrong half of a blue/green
+     * pair, or reporting a live host as unrouted. When neither kind exists the
+     * host genuinely has no route and the caller proceeds with the Nginx block
+     * alone.
+     * @param {string} host - Hostname whose routing is read.
+     * @param {object} [options] - Options carrying namespace, gateway stack and gateway root.
+     * @returns {string} Route object YAML and Nginx block, concatenated; empty when neither exists.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    readHostRoutingInfo({ host, options = {} }) {
+      const namespace = options.namespace || 'default';
+      // A missing route object is the canonical "no traffic colour set yet"
+      // state for blue/green rollouts. silentOnError swallows kubectl's NotFound
+      // exit so this returns empty text rather than throwing. The `kind:` check
+      // is what distinguishes a real object from anything kubectl printed while
+      // failing — an empty answer has to mean "absent", or the fallback below
+      // would never run.
+      const readRouteObject = (kind) => {
+        const out = shellExec(`sudo kubectl get ${kind}/${host} -n ${namespace} -o yaml`, {
+          silent: true,
+          stdout: true,
+          silentOnError: true,
+        });
+        return `${out || ''}`.includes(`kind: ${kind}`) ? `${out}` : '';
+      };
+
+      const preferred = gatewayApiEnabledFactory(options) ? 'HTTPRoute' : 'HTTPProxy';
+      const fallback = preferred === 'HTTPRoute' ? 'HTTPProxy' : 'HTTPRoute';
+      let routeInfo = readRouteObject(preferred);
+      if (!routeInfo) {
+        routeInfo = readRouteObject(fallback);
+        if (routeInfo)
+          logger.warn('Host is routed by the other stack than the flags select; reading it instead', {
+            host,
+            selected: preferred,
+            found: fallback,
+            namespace,
+          });
+      }
+
+      const gatewayConfPath = nodePath.join(
+        Underpost.deploy.underpostGatewayRootFactory(options),
+        UNDERPOST_GATEWAY.confDir,
+        `${host}.conf`,
+      );
+      const gatewayInfo = fs.existsSync(gatewayConfPath) ? fs.readFileSync(gatewayConfPath, 'utf8') : '';
+      return `${routeInfo || ''}\n${gatewayInfo}`;
     },
 
     /**
@@ -716,6 +1224,834 @@ spec:
   routes:`;
     },
 
+    /**
+     * Resolves the Gateway API transport settings shared by every generated
+     * Gateway and HTTPRoute: the gateway class, whether QUIC/HTTP3 is enabled,
+     * the UDP port QUIC is served on, and the `Alt-Svc` value that advertises
+     * it. Single source of truth — no other factory reads these options.
+     * @param {object} [options] - Deploy/run options.
+     * @param {string} [options.gatewayClass] - GatewayClass name (env: UNDERPOST_GATEWAY_CLASS, default `contour`).
+     * @param {boolean} [options.disableHttp3] - Disables QUIC/HTTP3 listener config and `Alt-Svc` advertisement.
+     * @param {number|string} [options.quicPort] - UDP port QUIC is served on (env: UNDERPOST_QUIC_PORT, default 443).
+     * @param {number|string} [options.altSvcMaxAge] - `Alt-Svc` max-age in seconds (default 86400).
+     * @returns {{ gatewayClassName: string, http3: boolean, quicPort: number, altSvc: string }} Resolved config.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    gatewayApiConfigFactory(options = {}) {
+      const quicPort = parseInt(options.quicPort || process.env.UNDERPOST_QUIC_PORT || 443, 10);
+      return {
+        gatewayClassName: options.gatewayClass || process.env.UNDERPOST_GATEWAY_CLASS || GATEWAY_CLASS_DEFAULT,
+        http3: options.disableHttp3 !== true,
+        quicPort,
+        altSvc: `h3=":${quicPort}"; ma=${parseInt(options.altSvcMaxAge || 86400, 10)}`,
+      };
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Creates the cluster-scoped Gateway API provisioning objects: the
+     * GatewayClass every generated Gateway attaches to, and the EnvoyProxy that
+     * decides how the data plane is reachable from outside the cluster.
+     *
+     * Exposure differs by environment because the access path does:
+     *   - development — the node *is* the operator's machine, so Envoy binds the
+     *     listener ports on the host network. With the `/etc/hosts` entries the
+     *     `cluster` runner writes, `https://<host>` resolves to 127.0.0.1 and
+     *     reaches the gateway directly, and QUIC gets UDP/443 for free.
+     *   - production — NodePort, mirroring the ports the Contour envoy service
+     *     already publishes (`manifests/envoy-service-nodeport.yaml`).
+     *
+     * `sharedIngress` overrides the development binding: with Contour also
+     * installed the node's 80/443 belong to the shared edge, and a data plane on
+     * the host network would be competing for the port it is meant to sit behind.
+     * The listener ports are unchanged — only where they are published moves.
+     * @param {string} env - `development` | `production`.
+     * @param {object} [options] - Deploy/run options (gateway class override, shared edge).
+     * @returns {string} GatewayClass + EnvoyProxy YAML.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    gatewayClassYamlFactory({ env, options = {} }) {
+      const { gatewayClassName } = Underpost.deploy.gatewayApiConfigFactory(options);
+      const namespace = 'envoy-gateway-system';
+      const hostBound = env === 'development' && options.sharedIngress !== true;
+      // `hostNetwork` is not a field of EnvoyProxy's KubernetesPodSpec — the
+      // deployment `patch` (StrategicMerge) is the supported way to set plain
+      // PodSpec fields. `dnsPolicy` must move with it: on the host network the
+      // pod would otherwise inherit the node's resolv.conf and lose the cluster
+      // DNS it needs to reach the xDS control plane.
+      //
+      // `useListenerPortAsContainerPort: true` stops Envoy Gateway remapping
+      // privileged ports into the ephemeral range, which is what puts 80/443 on
+      // the host — and by its own contract requires CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE. The
+      // development profile also runs Envoy as root: ambient capabilities are
+      // not expressible in a Kubernetes securityContext, so a non-root process
+      // cannot reliably hold that capability. Production keeps the hardened
+      // upstream defaults and is reached through NodePort instead.
+      const developmentProvider = `
+      useListenerPortAsContainerPort: true
+      envoyDeployment:
+        patch:
+          type: StrategicMerge
+          value:
+            spec:
+              template:
+                spec:
+                  hostNetwork: true
+                  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirstWithHostNet
+        container:
+          securityContext:
+            runAsNonRoot: false
+            runAsUser: 0
+            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+            capabilities:
+              drop:
+                - ALL
+              add:
+                - NET_BIND_SERVICE
+      envoyService:
+        type: ClusterIP`;
+      const productionProvider = `
+      useListenerPortAsContainerPort: false
+      envoyService:
+        type: NodePort`;
+      // Behind the shared edge the data plane is reached by ClusterIP, so it
+      // needs neither the host network nor a node port — it is an ordinary
+      // upstream, and publishing it anywhere else would only re-create the
+      // contention the edge exists to remove.
+      const sharedProvider = `
+      useListenerPortAsContainerPort: false
+      envoyService:
+        type: ClusterIP`;
+      return `
+---
+apiVersion: ${GATEWAY_EXTENSION_GROUP_VERSION}
+kind: EnvoyProxy
+metadata:
+  name: ${gatewayClassName}-proxy-config
+  namespace: ${namespace}
+spec:
+  # A deploy's hosts share one Gateway, but a cluster can hold more than one
+  # deploy — and each Gateway would otherwise be provisioned its own data plane,
+  # every one contending for the same node ports, so at most one could bind and
+  # the rest would crash-loop. Merging collapses them onto a single Envoy fleet.
+  # Every generated listener is hostname-scoped because the merge key is
+  # (port, protocol, hostname). This lets many deploy-scoped Gateways coexist
+  # in this fleet without an older hostname-less listener shadowing the rest.
+  mergeGateways: true
+  provider:
+    type: Kubernetes
+    kubernetes:${options.sharedIngress === true ? sharedProvider : hostBound ? developmentProvider : productionProvider}
+---
+apiVersion: ${GATEWAY_API_GROUP_VERSION}
+kind: GatewayClass
+metadata:
+  name: ${gatewayClassName}
+spec:
+  controllerName: ${GATEWAY_CONTROLLER_NAME}
+  parametersRef:
+    group: ${GATEWAY_EXTENSION_GROUP}
+    kind: EnvoyProxy
+    name: ${gatewayClassName}-proxy-config
+    namespace: ${namespace}
+`;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Provisions the self-signed TLS secret a host is served with when
+     * cert-manager is not in play (development, and `instance-promote --tls
+     * --test`). `scripts/ssl.sh` generates the pair through mkcert — which also
+     * installs its root CA into the system and NSS trust stores, so the browser
+     * trusts the certificate without a warning — and falls back to OpenSSL.
+     *
+     * The secret is deleted before being recreated so a re-run always ends with
+     * the key pair on disk, and is named after the host because that is the
+     * `secretName` both the HTTPProxy virtualhost and the Gateway listener
+     * reference.
+     * @param {string} host - Hostname to issue the certificate for.
+     * @param {string} [namespace] - Kubernetes namespace.
+     * @param {string} [underpostRoot] - Repo root holding `scripts/ssl.sh`.
+     * @returns {{ sslDir: string, certPath: string, keyPath: string }} Generated artifact paths.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    selfSignedTlsSecretFactory({ host, namespace = 'default', underpostRoot = '.' }) {
+      const sslDir = `./engine-private/ssl/${host}`;
+      const nameSafe = host.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_.-]/g, '_');
+      const certPath = `${sslDir}/${nameSafe}.pem`;
+      const keyPath = `${sslDir}/${nameSafe}-key.pem`;
+      fs.mkdirpSync(sslDir);
+      shellExec(`bash ${underpostRoot}/scripts/ssl.sh "${sslDir}" "${host}"`);
+      shellExec(`kubectl delete secret ${host} -n ${namespace} --ignore-not-found`);
+      shellExec(`kubectl create secret tls ${host} --cert="${certPath}" --key="${keyPath}" -n ${namespace}`);
+      logger.info('Self-signed TLS secret created', { host, namespace, certPath, keyPath });
+      return { sslDir, certPath, keyPath };
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Creates the one Gateway a deploy's HTTPRoutes attach to.
+     *
+     * Envoy Gateway's `mergeGateways` mode merges every Gateway of the class
+     * into one data plane. Its required uniqueness key is (port, protocol,
+     * hostname), so every host needs its own listener pair. Hostname-less
+     * listeners from separate deploy Gateways conflict: the older listener is
+     * served and newer hosts receive its certificate and 404 route table.
+     *
+     * The HTTPS listener is emitted under the same TLS rules as the HTTPProxy
+     * virtualhost (production, or development with `--self-signed`); QUIC is
+     * only wired when that listener exists, since HTTP/3 has no cleartext
+     * transport.
+     * @param {string} name - Gateway name, from {@link UnderpostDeploy.gatewayNameFactory}.
+     * @param {Array<string>} hosts - Every hostname the deploy terminates; each becomes a certificate ref.
+     * @param {string} env - `development` | `production`.
+     * @param {object} [options] - Deploy/run options (namespace, gateway/QUIC settings, selfSigned).
+     * @returns {string} Gateway YAML.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    gatewayYamlFactory({ hosts = [], name, env, options = {} }) {
+      const namespace = options.namespace || 'default';
+      const { gatewayClassName } = Underpost.deploy.gatewayApiConfigFactory(options);
+      const includeTls = env !== 'development' || options.selfSigned === true;
+      const uniqueHosts = [...new Set(hosts.filter(Boolean))].sort();
+      const allowedRoutes = `      allowedRoutes:
+        namespaces:
+          from: Same`;
+      const listeners = uniqueHosts
+        .flatMap((host) => {
+          const http = `    - name: ${Underpost.deploy.gatewayListenerNameFactory({ protocol: 'http', host })}
+      hostname: ${JSON.stringify(host)}
+      protocol: HTTP
+      port: 80
+${allowedRoutes}`;
+          if (!includeTls) return [http];
+          return [
+            http,
+            `    - name: ${Underpost.deploy.gatewayListenerNameFactory({ protocol: 'https', host })}
+      hostname: ${JSON.stringify(host)}
+      protocol: HTTPS
+      port: 443
+      tls:
+        mode: Terminate
+        certificateRefs:
+          - group: ""
+            kind: Secret
+            name: ${host}
+${allowedRoutes}`,
+          ];
+        })
+        .join('\n');
+      return `
+---
+apiVersion: ${GATEWAY_API_GROUP_VERSION}
+kind: Gateway
+metadata:
+  name: ${name}
+  namespace: ${namespace}
+spec:
+  gatewayClassName: ${gatewayClassName}
+  listeners:
+${listeners}
+`;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Produces a stable DNS-label listener name for a hostname and protocol.
+     * The content hash prevents two hosts that normalize to the same label from
+     * colliding, while truncation keeps the Gateway API SectionName at 63 chars.
+     * @param {object} input - Listener identity.
+     * @param {string} input.protocol - `http` or `https`.
+     * @param {string} input.host - Listener hostname.
+     * @returns {string} Stable Kubernetes DNS label.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    gatewayListenerNameFactory({ protocol, host }) {
+      const prefix = `${protocol || 'http'}`.toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z0-9-]/g, '-');
+      const normalized =
+        `${host || 'host'}`
+          .toLowerCase()
+          .replace(/[^a-z0-9]+/g, '-')
+          .replace(/^-+|-+$/g, '') || 'host';
+      const hash = crypto
+        .createHash('sha1')
+        .update(`${host || ''}`)
+        .digest('hex')
+        .slice(0, 8);
+      const hostLength = 63 - prefix.length - hash.length - 2;
+      return `${prefix}-${normalized.slice(0, hostLength).replace(/-+$/g, '')}-${hash}`;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Name of the Gateway a deploy's hosts share. The Gateway is consolidated
+     * per deploy, while its listener pairs remain hostname-scoped so merged
+     * Gateways have distinct traffic selectors.
+     * @param {string} deployId - Deploy id.
+     * @param {string} env - `development` | `production`.
+     * @returns {string} Gateway name.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    gatewayNameFactory({ deployId, env }) {
+      return `${deployId}-${env}`;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Writes a generated manifest, or removes it when there is nothing to
+     * write. An empty file is not an empty set for `kubectl apply` — it fails
+     * with "no objects passed to apply" — so a deploy that declares no objects
+     * of a kind must leave no file behind, including one a previous build wrote.
+     * @param {string} filePath - Destination path.
+     * @param {string} content - Rendered YAML; blank removes the file.
+     * @returns {boolean} True when a file was written.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    writeManifest({ filePath, content }) {
+      if (content && content.trim()) {
+        fs.writeFileSync(filePath, content, 'utf8');
+        return true;
+      }
+      fs.removeSync(filePath);
+      return false;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Creates the QUIC/HTTP3 ClientTrafficPolicy for the merged data plane.
+     *
+     * Emitted once per Gateway with one targetRef for each hostname-scoped HTTPS
+     * listener. A single policy object avoids same-scope policy competition,
+     * while section-specific targets enable QUIC on every distinct listener.
+     * @param {string} name - Gateway the policy attaches to, from {@link UnderpostDeploy.gatewayNameFactory}.
+     * @param {string} [sectionName] - Backward-compatible single listener target.
+     * @param {Array<string>} [sectionNames] - HTTPS listeners the policy targets.
+     * @param {string} env - `development` | `production`.
+     * @param {object} [options] - Deploy/run options (namespace, QUIC settings).
+     * @returns {string} ClientTrafficPolicy YAML, or an empty string when HTTP/3 has no TLS transport.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    clientTrafficPolicyYamlFactory({ name, sectionName, sectionNames = [], env, options = {} }) {
+      const namespace = options.namespace || 'default';
+      const { http3 } = Underpost.deploy.gatewayApiConfigFactory(options);
+      const includeTls = env !== 'development' || options.selfSigned === true;
+      if (!includeTls || !http3) return '';
+      const targets = [...new Set([...sectionNames, sectionName].filter(Boolean))];
+      if (targets.length === 0) return '';
+      // Scoped to the HTTPS section, not the whole Gateway. QUIC only concerns
+      // the TLS listener, and an unscoped policy is applied to every listener of
+      // the merged set — including the plain-HTTP ones, which the implementation
+      // rejects outright ("applied to multiple http (non https) listeners on the
+      // same port"), leaving HTTP/3 silently off.
+      //
+      return `
+---
+apiVersion: ${GATEWAY_EXTENSION_GROUP_VERSION}
+kind: ClientTrafficPolicy
+metadata:
+  name: ${name}-http3
+  namespace: ${namespace}
+spec:
+  targetRefs:
+${targets
+  .map(
+    (target) => `    - group: ${GATEWAY_API_GROUP}
+      kind: Gateway
+      name: ${name}
+      sectionName: ${target}`,
+  )
+  .join('\n')}
+  http3: {}
+`;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Renders one HTTPRoute rule. Websockets need no opt-in here (unlike the
+     * HTTPProxy `enableWebsockets` flag) — Gateway API forwards the upgrade by
+     * default. A rule carrying `extensionRef` short-circuits at the gateway and
+     * therefore emits no backendRefs.
+     *
+     * The HTTPProxy `timeoutPolicy.idle` has no Gateway API rule-level
+     * equivalent (idle timeouts are listener/backend scoped) and is dropped.
+     * @param {string} path - Match value.
+     * @param {string} [matchType] - `PathPrefix` (default) | `Exact`.
+     * @param {number} [port] - Backend service port.
+     * @param {string} [deployId] - Deployment id used to derive the service name.
+     * @param {string} [env] - Environment used to derive the service name.
+     * @param {Array<string>} [deploymentVersions] - Traffic colours; the first carries all weight.
+     * @param {string} [serviceId] - Explicit backend service name (overrides the derived one).
+     * @param {Array<object>} [pathRewritePolicy] - HTTPProxy-shaped prefix rewrite, mapped to ReplacePrefixMatch.
+     * @param {string} [replaceFullPath] - Rewrites the request to a fixed path (a single static document).
+     * @param {string} [replacePrefixMatch] - Rewrites the matched prefix onto a static directory, so the
+     *   document and everything beside it resolve through one rule.
+     * @param {object} [extensionRef] - `{ group, kind, name }` of a direct-response filter.
+     * @param {object} [timeoutPolicy] - `{ response }` mapped to Gateway API timeouts.
+     * @param {object} [retryPolicy] - `{ count, perTryTimeout }` mapped to retry.attempts / timeouts.backendRequest.
+     * @param {string} [altSvc] - `Alt-Svc` value advertising the QUIC endpoint.
+     * @returns {string} Rule YAML (indented for `spec.rules`).
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    httpRouteRuleFactory({
+      path,
+      matchType = 'PathPrefix',
+      port,
+      deployId,
+      env,
+      deploymentVersions = ['blue'],
+      serviceId,
+      pathRewritePolicy,
+      replaceFullPath,
+      replacePrefixMatch,
+      extensionRef,
+      timeoutPolicy,
+      retryPolicy,
+      altSvc,
+    }) {
+      const lines = [
+        `    - matches:`,
+        `        - path:`,
+        `            type: ${matchType}`,
+        `            value: ${path}`,
+      ];
+      const filters = [];
+      const prefixRewrite =
+        replacePrefixMatch ?? (pathRewritePolicy?.length ? pathRewritePolicy[0].replacement : undefined);
+      if (replaceFullPath || prefixRewrite) {
+        filters.push(`        - type: URLRewrite`, `          urlRewrite:`, `            path:`);
+        if (replaceFullPath)
+          filters.push(`              type: ReplaceFullPath`, `              replaceFullPath: ${replaceFullPath}`);
+        else
+          filters.push(`              type: ReplacePrefixMatch`, `              replacePrefixMatch: ${prefixRewrite}`);
+      }
+      if (extensionRef)
+        filters.push(
+          `        - type: ExtensionRef`,
+          `          extensionRef:`,
+          `            group: ${extensionRef.group}`,
+          `            kind: ${extensionRef.kind}`,
+          `            name: ${extensionRef.name}`,
+        );
+      if (altSvc)
+        filters.push(
+          `        - type: ResponseHeaderModifier`,
+          `          responseHeaderModifier:`,
+          `            set:`,
+          `              - name: Alt-Svc`,
+          `                value: '${altSvc}'`,
+        );
+      if (filters.length > 0) lines.push(`      filters:`, ...filters);
+
+      const timeouts = [];
+      const request = gatewayDurationFactory(timeoutPolicy?.response);
+      const backendRequest = gatewayDurationFactory(retryPolicy?.perTryTimeout ?? timeoutPolicy?.response);
+      if (request) timeouts.push(`        request: ${request}`);
+      if (backendRequest) timeouts.push(`        backendRequest: ${backendRequest}`);
+      if (timeouts.length > 0) lines.push(`      timeouts:`, ...timeouts);
+
+      const attempts = parseInt(retryPolicy?.count, 10);
+      if (!isNaN(attempts)) lines.push(`      retry:`, `        attempts: ${attempts}`);
+
+      // A backend is declared even for a rule the direct-response filter
+      // short-circuits: the filter answers before the backend is ever dialled,
+      // but a rule that resolves to nothing at all risks the whole route being
+      // rejected — which takes every other path on that hostname down with it,
+      // and shows up only as a bare 404 from the gateway.
+      if (port !== undefined && (serviceId || deployId)) {
+        lines.push(`      backendRefs:`);
+        for (const [i, version] of (serviceId ? [null] : deploymentVersions).entries())
+          lines.push(
+            `        - name: ${serviceId ? serviceId : `${deployId}-${env}-${version}-service`}`,
+            `          port: ${port}`,
+            `          weight: ${i === 0 ? 100 : 0}`,
+          );
+      }
+      return `${lines.join('\n')}\n`;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Wraps rendered rules in an HTTPRoute attached to the host Gateway. The
+     * object is named after the host, exactly like the HTTPProxy it mirrors, so
+     * an apply of a per-instance fragment replaces the host route set the same
+     * way — the complete multi-instance set is assembled by `instance-promote`.
+     * @param {string} host - Hostname (Gateway name and route hostname).
+     * @param {object} options - Deploy/run options (namespace).
+     * @param {string} rules - Rendered rules from {@link UnderpostDeploy.httpRouteRuleFactory}.
+     * @param {string} [name] - Route name override.
+     * @param {string} [parentName] - Gateway the route attaches to; defaults to the host's own Gateway.
+     * @returns {string} HTTPRoute YAML, or an empty string when there are no rules.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    httpRouteYamlFactory({ host, options = {}, rules, name, parentName }) {
+      if (!rules || !rules.trim()) return '';
+      const namespace = options.namespace || 'default';
+      return `
+---
+apiVersion: ${GATEWAY_API_GROUP_VERSION}
+kind: HTTPRoute
+metadata:
+  name: ${name || host}
+  namespace: ${namespace}
+spec:
+  parentRefs:
+    - group: ${GATEWAY_API_GROUP}
+      kind: Gateway
+      name: ${parentName || host}
+      namespace: ${namespace}
+  hostnames:
+    - ${host}
+  rules:
+${rules}`;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Node directory backing the static utility's volume, following the same
+     * `/home/dd/engine/volume/<pv>` convention as every other hostPath volume.
+     * @param {object} [options] - Deploy/run options.
+     * @returns {string} Absolute host path.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    underpostGatewayRootFactory(options = {}) {
+      return options.underpostGatewayRoot || `/home/dd/engine/volume/${UNDERPOST_GATEWAY.volumeName}`;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Reports whether a Service currently has at least one ready endpoint.
+     *
+     * The single reachability predicate for a colour: a Service with no ready
+     * endpoint cannot serve, so it is neither safe to route to nor something
+     * live traffic can be sitting on.
+     * @param {string} service - Service name.
+     * @param {string} [namespace] - Namespace.
+     * @returns {boolean} True when an endpoint is ready right now.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    serviceHasReadyEndpoints({ service, namespace = 'default' }) {
+      const ready = shellExec(
+        `kubectl get endpointslice -n ${namespace} -l kubernetes.io/service-name=${service} ` +
+          `-o jsonpath='{.items[*].endpoints[*].conditions.ready}' 2>/dev/null`,
+        { stdout: true, silent: true, silentOnError: true },
+      );
+      return `${ready}`.includes('true');
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Reports whether the Deployment controller has observed the current
+     * generation and every desired replica is updated, Ready, and Available.
+     * @param {string} deployment - Deployment name.
+     * @param {string} [namespace] - Kubernetes namespace.
+     * @returns {boolean} True only when the full target colour is ready.
+     */
+    deploymentHasReadyReplicas({ deployment, namespace = 'default' }) {
+      const state = `${
+        shellExec(
+          `kubectl get deployment ${deployment} -n ${namespace} ` +
+            `-o jsonpath='{.metadata.generation} {.status.observedGeneration} {.spec.replicas} ` +
+            `{.status.updatedReplicas} {.status.readyReplicas} {.status.availableReplicas}'`,
+          { stdout: true, silent: true, silentOnError: true },
+        ) || ''
+      }`
+        .trim()
+        .split(/\s+/)
+        .map(Number);
+      if (state.length !== 6 || state.some((value) => !Number.isFinite(value))) return false;
+      const [generation, observed, desired, updated, ready, available] = state;
+      return observed >= generation && desired > 0 && updated === desired && ready === desired && available === desired;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Waits for all replicas of a target colour, not merely its first endpoint.
+     * @param {string} deployment - Deployment name.
+     * @param {string} [namespace] - Kubernetes namespace.
+     * @param {number} [timeoutMs] - Maximum wait.
+     * @returns {boolean} True when the whole Deployment is ready.
+     */
+    awaitDeploymentReady({ deployment, namespace = 'default', timeoutMs = 15 * 60 * 1000 }) {
+      const deadline = Date.now() + timeoutMs;
+      while (Date.now() < deadline) {
+        if (Underpost.deploy.deploymentHasReadyReplicas({ deployment, namespace })) return true;
+        shellExec('sleep 2', { silent: true });
+      }
+      logger.warn('Deployment never made every desired replica Ready', { deployment, namespace });
+      return false;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Blocks until a Service has at least one ready endpoint.
+     *
+     * Envoy Gateway translates a route's backends at translation time, so the
+     * moment a route is applied decides whether it works: with no ready
+     * endpoint the rule is rewritten to a 500 direct response and stays that
+     * way. Returns false on timeout rather than throwing — a Service that never
+     * comes up is the deploy's problem to report, not this helper's.
+     * @param {string} service - Service name.
+     * @param {string} [namespace] - Namespace.
+     * @param {number} [timeoutMs] - How long to wait.
+     * @returns {boolean} True once an endpoint is ready.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    awaitServiceEndpoints({ service, namespace = 'default', timeoutMs = 15 * 60 * 1000 }) {
+      const deadline = Date.now() + timeoutMs;
+      while (Date.now() < deadline) {
+        if (Underpost.deploy.serviceHasReadyEndpoints({ service, namespace })) return true;
+        shellExec('sleep 2', { silent: true });
+      }
+      logger.warn('Service never reported a ready endpoint; routes may be programmed as 500', {
+        service,
+        namespace,
+      });
+      return false;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Places every edge-served document in the static utility's tree.
+     *
+     * Two sources, in that order. The workload is preferred because it is the
+     * only place all of them exist at once: several clients are built from
+     * sources cloned into the container at start-up, so this checkout's `public/`
+     * tree is both incomplete and only as fresh as its last local build. The
+     * checkout is the fallback, and the reason this runs twice in a cluster
+     * bring-up — once before the workload exists, to seed the tree so the routes
+     * are correct the moment they are programmed, and once after it is Ready, to
+     * replace what the container built better.
+     *
+     * A host whose page is in neither place keeps whatever the tree already had,
+     * ending on the shared default page — which answers 404 rather than
+     * presenting itself as that host's page.
+     * @param {string} deployId - Deploy id whose conf declares the views.
+     * @param {string} env - `development` | `production`.
+     * @param {object} [options] - Deploy options (namespace, versions, static root).
+     * @returns {Array<object>} One record per document, with where it came from.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    syncStaticAssets(deployId, env, options = {}) {
+      const namespace = options.namespace || 'default';
+      const confServerPath = `./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/conf.server.json`;
+      const confSSRPath = `./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/conf.ssr.json`;
+      if (!fs.existsSync(confServerPath) || !fs.existsSync(confSSRPath)) {
+        logger.warn('No conf.server.json / conf.ssr.json; nothing to sync', { deployId, confServerPath });
+        return [];
+      }
+      // loadReplicas expands a plain `replicas` path (no singleReplica) into its
+      // own literal path key with the canonical path's client/view config
+      // cloned onto it, matching what buildManifest/buildProxyRouter resolve
+      // against — so a replica path this workload actually built (e.g. `/r1`)
+      // gets its edge documents synced too, not just the canonical path.
+      const confServer = loadReplicas(deployId, JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(confServerPath, 'utf8')));
+      const confSSR = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(confSSRPath, 'utf8'));
+      const hostRoot = Underpost.deploy.underpostGatewayRootFactory(options);
+      const version = (options.versions && `${options.versions}`.split(',')[0]) || 'blue';
+      const podName = Underpost.kubectl
+        .get(`${deployId}-${env}-${version}`, 'pods', namespace)
+        .find((pod) => pod.NAME?.startsWith(`${deployId}-${env}-${version}-`) && pod.STATUS === 'Running')?.NAME;
+      const synced = [];
+      for (const host of Object.keys(confServer))
+        for (const path of Object.keys(confServer[host])) {
+          // A singleReplica canonical path is never built under this deploy id —
+          // client-build.js skips it (see `if (singleReplica) continue`) and
+          // buildProxyRouter/buildManifest route none of its own edge documents
+          // for it either. Its replicas are each their own deploy id, built and
+          // synced independently; requiring this path's assets here would fail
+          // on a document that structurally cannot exist for this deploy.
+          if (confServer[host][path].singleReplica) continue;
+          for (const entry of Underpost.deploy.edgeRouteEntriesFactory({ confServer, confSSR, host, path })) {
+            const fromPod =
+              !!podName &&
+              syncStaticAssetFromPod({
+                podName,
+                namespace,
+                sourcePath: entry.containerPath,
+                hostRoot,
+                assetPath: entry.assetPath,
+              });
+            const fromHost =
+              !fromPod && writeStaticAsset({ hostRoot, assetPath: entry.assetPath, sourcePath: entry.hostPath });
+            synced.push({
+              host,
+              kind: entry.kind,
+              assetPath: entry.assetPath,
+              source: fromPod ? 'workload' : fromHost ? 'checkout' : null,
+            });
+          }
+        }
+      // Instance status pages are the same kind of document under the same
+      // layout, so they are placed by the same pass — but they come from neither
+      // of the sources above. Each is built and versioned by the project its
+      // instance runs, so `customStatusPages[].hostPath` resolves against that
+      // project's checkout on this host, and one document is placed per variant
+      // so `/FOREST/404` and `/404` each land where their own rule rewrites to.
+      if (fs.existsSync(`./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/conf.instances.json`))
+        for (const entry of instanceStatusPageEntriesFactory({ instances: loadConfInstances(deployId) }))
+          synced.push({
+            host: entry.host,
+            kind: `status:${entry.status}`,
+            assetPath: entry.assetPath,
+            source: writeStaticAsset({ hostRoot, assetPath: entry.assetPath, sourcePath: entry.sourcePath })
+              ? 'project'
+              : null,
+          });
+      logger.info('Static edge documents placed', {
+        deployId,
+        podName: podName || '(no running workload; placed from this checkout)',
+        fromWorkload: synced.filter((entry) => entry.source === 'workload').length,
+        fromCheckout: synced.filter((entry) => entry.source === 'checkout').length,
+        fromProject: synced.filter((entry) => entry.source === 'project').length,
+        missing: synced.filter((entry) => !entry.source).map((entry) => entry.assetPath),
+      });
+      return synced;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * The SSR views one host/path serves from the static edge tier, with every
+     * address each of them needs: the route to match, the directory the gateway
+     * rewrites onto, where the document sits under the static root, and the two
+     * places the build may have left it — inside the workload, and in this
+     * checkout's own `public/` tree.
+     *
+     * Single source of truth for the two consumers that must agree exactly —
+     * `--build-manifest`, which emits the rules, and `--sync-static`, which
+     * places the documents those rules point at.
+     * @param {object} confServer - Parsed `conf.server.json`.
+     * @param {object} confSSR - Parsed `conf.ssr.json`.
+     * @param {string} host - Hostname.
+     * @param {string} path - Proxy sub-path.
+     * @returns {Array<object>} One entry per edge-served view.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    edgeRouteEntriesFactory({ confServer, confSSR, host, path }) {
+      const client = confServer?.[host]?.[path]?.client;
+      const views = client ? confSSR?.[getCapVariableName(client)]?.views : undefined;
+      if (!views) return [];
+      // The client build writes each view to `public/<host><path>/<view>/index.html`,
+      // under the container root for the workload's copy and under this repo for
+      // the host's.
+      // A context is built on its own route (`/offline/index.html`) because a
+      // client requests it by URL; a status page is built under `status-pages/`
+      // instead, off any route the runtime could answer with. Both sides read the
+      // segment from one factory so the sync never looks where the build did not
+      // write.
+      const publicPath = (segment) => `public/${host}${path === '/' ? '' : path}/${segment}`;
+      const addresses = (segment) => ({
+        containerPath: `${CONTAINER_ENGINE_ROOT}/${publicPath(segment)}`,
+        hostPath: `./${publicPath(segment)}`,
+      });
+      return [
+        ...statusPageRoutesFactory({ views, proxyPath: path }).map((route) => ({
+          ...route,
+          ...statusPageAssetPathFactory({ host, path, status: route.status }),
+          kind: `status:${route.status}`,
+          ...addresses(statusPageBuildSegment(route.status)),
+        })),
+        ...staticContextRoutesFactory({ views, proxyPath: path }).map((route) => ({
+          ...route,
+          ...staticLocationFactory({ host, path, context: route.context }),
+          kind: `context:${route.context}`,
+          ...addresses(`${route.context}/index.html`),
+        })),
+      ];
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Renders the static utility workload, resolving its placement from the
+     * deploy options the way every other hostPath volume is resolved — the
+     * documents are written to a node directory, so the pod has to land on the
+     * node that holds them.
+     * @param {object} [options] - Deploy/run options (namespace, node, cluster flags).
+     * @returns {string} Multi-document YAML.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    underpostGatewayYamlFactory(options = {}) {
+      return underpostGatewayManifestsFactory({
+        namespace: options.namespace || 'default',
+        hostPath: Underpost.deploy.underpostGatewayRootFactory(options),
+        nodeName: Underpost.deploy.resolveDeployNode(options),
+        resolver: Underpost.deploy.clusterDnsFactory(),
+      });
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Where a build writes the shared gateway's server blocks. A build artifact
+     * like every other manifest, installed into the live workload by the apply
+     * path rather than by the build that produced it.
+     * @param {string} deployId - Deploy id.
+     * @param {string} env - `development` | `production`.
+     * @returns {string} Directory holding the built blocks.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    gatewayConfDirFactory({ deployId, env }) {
+      return `./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/build/${env}/gateway-conf.d`;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * The cluster DNS address Nginx resolves upstream Service names through.
+     * Read from the live Service because it follows the cluster's own Service
+     * CIDR, and baked into the config because nginx cannot resolve the name of
+     * its own resolver.
+     * @returns {string} kube-dns ClusterIP, or the conventional default.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    clusterDnsFactory() {
+      const clusterIp = shellExec(
+        `kubectl get svc kube-dns -n kube-system -o jsonpath='{.spec.clusterIP}' 2>/dev/null`,
+        { stdout: true, silent: true, silentOnError: true },
+      );
+      return /^\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+$/.test(`${clusterIp}`.trim()) ? `${clusterIp}`.trim() : UNDERPOST_GATEWAY.resolver;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Renders the HTTPRoute rules that serve an instance's status pages at the
+     * gateway. Each declared page gets a canonical route under the instance's
+     * own sub-path (`/404`, `/FOREST/404`), so a status document is reachable
+     * and cacheable per instance without ever reaching the workload.
+     *
+     * With `catchAll`, the same filter is additionally bound to `/`. That rule
+     * is only ever requested by the host assembly when no instance claims the
+     * root path — two rules with identical matches would otherwise make gateway
+     * precedence ambiguous.
+     * @param {string} deployId - Instance-scoped deploy id.
+     * @param {string} basePath - The instance's URL sub-path.
+     * @param {Array<object>} statusPages - `customStatusPages` entries.
+     * @param {string} [altSvc] - `Alt-Svc` value advertising the QUIC endpoint.
+     * @param {boolean} [catchAll] - Also bind the first page (404 when present) to `/`.
+     * @param {string} [host] - Hostname the documents were placed under; falls back to `deployId`.
+     * @param {Array<string>} [servedStatuses] - Statuses whose document reached the static tree. Undefined means "all declared".
+     * @returns {string} Rule YAML.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    statusPageRouteRulesFactory({
+      deployId,
+      basePath = '/',
+      statusPages = [],
+      altSvc,
+      catchAll = false,
+      host,
+      servedStatuses,
+    }) {
+      // Only statuses whose document was actually placed in the static tree get
+      // a rule; a rewrite to a missing file would answer with the shared default
+      // page instead of the host's own.
+      const pages = statusPages.filter(
+        (page) =>
+          page?.status && page?.hostPath && (servedStatuses === undefined || servedStatuses.includes(`${page.status}`)),
+      );
+      if (pages.length === 0) return '';
+      const prefix = !basePath || basePath === '/' ? '' : basePath.replace(/\/$/, '');
+      // Served by the static utility rather than carried in the gateway config:
+      // a rendered page is far past the direct-response ceiling, and exceeding
+      // it fails the whole route.
+      const location = (status) => statusPageAssetPathFactory({ host: host || deployId, path: basePath, status });
+      const staticRule = (path, rewrite) =>
+        Underpost.deploy.httpRouteRuleFactory({
+          path,
+          ...rewrite,
+          serviceId: UNDERPOST_GATEWAY.serviceName,
+          port: UNDERPOST_GATEWAY.port,
+          altSvc,
+        });
+      let rules = '';
+      // Canonical routes rewrite onto the directory so assets beside the
+      // document resolve too; the catch-all cannot, because a prefix rewrite of
+      // `/` would carry the rest of the request path into the target.
+      for (const page of pages)
+        rules += staticRule(`${prefix}/${page.status}`, { replacePrefixMatch: location(page.status).dir });
+      if (catchAll) {
+        const fallback = pages.find((page) => `${page.status}` === '404') || pages[0];
+        rules += staticRule('/', { replaceFullPath: location(fallback.status).url });
+      }
+      return rules;
+    },
+
     /**
      * Callback function for handling deployment options.
      * @param {string} deployList - List of deployment IDs to process.
@@ -726,7 +2062,6 @@ spec:
      * @param {boolean} options.sync - Whether to synchronize deployment configurations.
      * @param {boolean} options.buildManifest - Whether to build the deployment manifest.
      * @param {boolean} options.infoUtil - Whether to display utility information.
-     * @param {boolean} options.expose - Whether to expose the deployment.
      * @param {boolean} options.cert - Whether to create cert-manager Certificate resources for the deployment.
      * @param {string} options.certHosts - Comma-separated list of hosts for which to create cert-manager certificates.
      * @param {boolean} options.selfSigned - Use a pre-created self-signed TLS secret instead of cert-manager. The secret must already exist in the namespace with the same name as the host. Enables TLS in the Contour HTTPProxy virtualhost without requiring a production ClusterIssuer.
@@ -737,23 +2072,20 @@ spec:
      * @param {string} options.node - Explicit target node (highest precedence in the node chain). When empty, {@link UnderpostDeploy.resolveDeployNode} falls back to the cluster-type default (`kind-worker` for kind, host for kubeadm/k3s). Used for both volume placement and hostPath PV nodeAffinity.
      * @param {string} [options.sshKeyPath] - Private key path for node SSH operations, forwarded to deployVolume when shipping a hostPath volume to a remote target node over SSH. Defaults to engine-private/deploy/id_rsa.
      * @param {boolean} options.disableUpdateDeployment - Whether to disable deployment updates.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.gatewayApi] - Apply the Gateway API stack (Gateway + HTTPRoute) instead of the Contour HTTPProxy. Both manifest sets are always generated by `--build-manifest`.
+     * @param {string} [options.gatewayClass] - GatewayClass name baked into generated Gateway manifests.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.disableHttp3] - Omit QUIC/HTTP3 listener config and the Alt-Svc advertisement.
+     * @param {number|string} [options.quicPort] - UDP port advertised for QUIC/HTTP3.
      * @param {boolean} options.disableUpdateProxy - Whether to disable proxy updates.
      * @param {boolean} options.disableDeploymentProxy - Whether to disable deployment proxy.
      * @param {boolean} options.disableUpdateVolume - Whether to disable volume updates.
-     * @param {boolean} options.status - Whether to display deployment status.
      * @param {boolean} options.disableUpdateUnderpostConfig - Whether to disable Underpost config updates.
      * @param {string} [options.namespace] - Kubernetes namespace for the deployment (defaults to "default").
      * @param {string} [options.timeoutResponse] - HTTPProxy per-route response timeout (e.g. "300000ms", "infinity").
      * @param {string} [options.timeoutIdle] - HTTPProxy per-route idle timeout (e.g. "10s", "infinity").
      * @param {string} [options.retryCount] - HTTPProxy per-route retry count (e.g. 3).
      * @param {string} [options.retryPerTryTimeout] - HTTPProxy per-route per-try timeout (e.g. "150ms").
-     * @param {string} [options.kindType] - Kubernetes resource kind to target when using --expose (defaults to "svc").
-     * @param {number} [options.port] - Port number override for exposing the deployment.
      * @param {string} [options.cmd] - Custom initialization command (comma-separated) for deploymentYamlPartsFactory.
-     * @param {number} [options.exposePort] - Remote port override when --expose is active (overrides auto-detected service port). Used as both local and remote port unless exposeLocalPort is also set.
-     * @param {number} [options.exposeLocalPort] - Local port override for --expose (e.g. 80); remote port is still auto-detected. Enables /etc/hosts access without a port in the browser URL.
-     * @param {boolean} [options.localProxy] - When true (with --expose), forward all service TCP ports locally and start the Node.js path-routing proxy for full path-based routing (e.g. /wp alongside /).
-     * @param {boolean} [options.tls] - When true (with --expose --local-proxy), start the proxy on port 443 with TLS using self-signed certificates resolved from the local SSL store.
      * @param {boolean} [options.k3s] - Whether to use k3s cluster context.
      * @param {boolean} [options.kubeadm] - Whether to use kubeadm cluster context.
      * @param {boolean} [options.kind] - Whether to use kind cluster context.
@@ -761,7 +2093,7 @@ spec:
      * @param {boolean} [options.skipFullBuild] - Whether to skip the full client bundle build; passed through to buildManifest/deploymentYamlPartsFactory.
      * @param {boolean} [options.pullBundle] - Whether to pull the pre-built client bundle from Cloudinary; passed through to buildManifest/deploymentYamlPartsFactory. Use together with skipFullBuild.
      * @param {string} [options.imagePullPolicy] - Container imagePullPolicy override (`Always`, `IfNotPresent`, `Never`); passed through to buildManifest/deploymentYamlPartsFactory. Defaults to `Never` for `localhost/` images and `IfNotPresent` otherwise.
-     * @param {boolean} [options.disableRuntimeProbes] - Omit internal-status HTTP probes from generated manifests. When true no readiness/liveness/startup probes are emitted.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.disableRuntimeProbes] - Deprecated compatibility flag; readiness remains mandatory.
      * @param {boolean} [options.tcpProbes] - Emit legacy TCP socket probes instead of HTTP internal-status probes.
      * @returns {Promise<void>} - Promise that resolves when the deployment process is complete.
      * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
@@ -775,7 +2107,6 @@ spec:
         sync: false,
         buildManifest: false,
         infoUtil: false,
-        expose: false,
         cert: false,
         certHosts: '',
         versions: '',
@@ -787,19 +2118,12 @@ spec:
         disableUpdateProxy: false,
         disableDeploymentProxy: false,
         disableUpdateVolume: false,
-        status: false,
         disableUpdateUnderpostConfig: false,
         namespace: '',
         timeoutResponse: '',
         timeoutIdle: '',
         retryCount: '',
         retryPerTryTimeout: '',
-        kindType: '',
-        port: 0,
-        exposePort: 0,
-        exposeLocalPort: 0,
-        localProxy: false,
-        tls: false,
         selfSigned: false,
         cmd: '',
         k3s: false,
@@ -809,67 +2133,60 @@ spec:
         imagePullPolicy: '',
       },
     ) {
+      options = { ...options, gatewayApi: gatewayApiEnabledFactory(options) };
       const namespace = options.namespace ? options.namespace : 'default';
       if (!deployList && options.certHosts) {
         for (const host of options.certHosts.split(',')) {
-          shellExec(`sudo kubectl apply -f - -n ${namespace} <<EOF
+          shellExec(`sudo kubectl apply -f - -n ${namespace} <<'EOF'
 ${Underpost.deploy.buildCertManagerCertificate({ host, namespace })}
 EOF`);
         }
         return;
-      } else if (!deployList) deployList = 'dd-default';
-      if (deployList === 'dd' && fs.existsSync(`./engine-private/deploy/dd.router`))
+      } else if (!deployList || deployList === 'dd')
         deployList = fs.readFileSync(`./engine-private/deploy/dd.router`, 'utf8');
-      if (options.status === true) {
-        for (const _deployId of deployList.split(',')) {
-          const deployId = _deployId.trim();
-          const instances = [];
-          if (fs.existsSync(`./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/conf.instances.json`)) {
-            const confInstances = JSON.parse(
-              fs.readFileSync(`./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/conf.instances.json`, 'utf8'),
-            );
-            for (const instance of confInstances) {
-              const _deployId = `${deployId}-${instance.id}`;
-              instances.push({
-                id: instance.id,
-                host: instance.host,
-                path: instance.path,
-                fromPort: instance.fromPort,
-                toPort: instance.toPort,
-                fromDebugPort: instance.fromDebugPort,
-                toDebugPort: instance.toDebugPort,
-                traffic: Underpost.deploy.getCurrentTraffic(_deployId, { namespace, hostTest: instance.host }),
-              });
-            }
-          }
-          logger.info('', {
-            deployId,
+      const deployIds = deployList
+        .split(',')
+        .map((id) => id.trim())
+        .filter(Boolean);
+      const explicitVersions = options.versions && typeof options.versions === 'string' ? options.versions : '';
+      const explicitTraffic =
+        options.traffic && typeof options.traffic === 'string' ? options.traffic.split(',')[0] : '';
+      const liveTrafficByDeployId = Object.fromEntries(
+        deployIds.map((deployId) => [
+          deployId,
+          Underpost.deploy.getCurrentTraffic(deployId, {
+            namespace,
             env,
-            traffic: Underpost.deploy.getCurrentTraffic(deployId, { namespace }),
-            router: await Underpost.deploy.routerFactory(deployId, env),
-            pods: await Underpost.kubectl.get(deployId),
-            instances,
-          });
-        }
-        const interfaceName = Underpost.dns.getDefaultNetworkInterface();
-        logger.info('Machine', {
-          hostname: os.hostname(),
-          arch: Underpost.baremetal.getHostArch(),
-          ipv4Public: await Underpost.dns.getPublicIp(),
-          ipv4Local: Underpost.dns.getLocalIPv4Address(),
-          resources: Underpost.cluster.getResourcesCapacity(options.node),
-          defaultInterfaceName: interfaceName,
-          defaultInterfaceInfo: os.networkInterfaces()[interfaceName],
-        });
-        return;
-      }
-      if (!(options.versions && typeof options.versions === 'string')) options.versions = 'blue,green';
+            gatewayApi: options.gatewayApi,
+          }),
+        ]),
+      );
+      const versionsByDeployId = Object.fromEntries(
+        deployIds.map((deployId) => [
+          deployId,
+          explicitVersions || explicitTraffic || nextTrafficFactory(liveTrafficByDeployId[deployId]),
+        ]),
+      );
       if (!options.replicas) options.replicas = 1;
       if (options.sync)
         await getDataDeploy({
           buildSingleReplica: true,
         });
-      if (options.buildManifest === true) await Underpost.deploy.buildManifest(deployList, env, options);
+      if (options.buildManifest === true)
+        for (const deployId of deployIds)
+          await Underpost.deploy.buildManifest(deployId, env, {
+            ...options,
+            versions: versionsByDeployId[deployId],
+            traffic: explicitTraffic || liveTrafficByDeployId[deployId] || versionsByDeployId[deployId].split(',')[0],
+          });
+      if (options.syncStatic === true) {
+        for (const deployId of deployList
+          .split(',')
+          .map((id) => id.trim())
+          .filter(Boolean))
+          Underpost.deploy.syncStaticAssets(deployId, env, options);
+        return;
+      }
       if (options.infoRouter === true || options.buildManifest === true) {
         logger.info('router', await Underpost.deploy.routerFactory(deployList, env));
         return;
@@ -879,67 +2196,14 @@ EOF`);
       for (const _deployId of deployList.split(',')) {
         const deployId = _deployId.trim();
         if (!deployId) continue;
-        if (options.expose === true) {
-          const kindType = options.kindType ? options.kindType : 'svc';
-          const svc = Underpost.kubectl.get(deployId, kindType)[0];
-          if (!svc) {
-            logger.error(`No ${kindType} found matching '${deployId}', skipping expose`);
-            continue;
-          }
-          if (options.localProxy) {
-            const svcPorts = [
-              ...new Set(
-                svc['PORT(S)']
-                  .split(',')
-                  .filter((p) => p.includes('/TCP'))
-                  .map((p) => parseInt(p.split(':')[0])),
-              ),
-            ];
-            for (const svcPort of svcPorts) {
-              shellExec(`sudo kubectl port-forward -n ${namespace} ${kindType}/${svc.NAME} ${svcPort}:${svcPort}`, {
-                async: true,
-              });
-            }
-            const envFile = `./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/.env.${env}`;
-            let basePort = svcPorts[0] - 1;
-            if (fs.existsSync(envFile)) {
-              const portMatch = fs.readFileSync(envFile, 'utf8').match(/^PORT=(\d+)/m);
-              if (portMatch) basePort = parseInt(portMatch[1]);
-            }
-            logger.info(deployId, { svc, svcPorts, basePort });
-            const tlsFlag = options.tls ? ' tls' : '';
-            shellExec(
-              `NODE_ENV=${env} PORT=${basePort} DEV_PROXY_PORT_OFFSET=0 node src/proxy proxy ${deployId} ${env}${tlsFlag}`,
-              { async: true },
-            );
-          } else {
-            const remotePort = options.exposePort
-              ? parseInt(options.exposePort)
-              : options.port
-                ? parseInt(options.port)
-                : kindType !== 'svc'
-                  ? 80
-                  : parseInt(svc[`PORT(S)`].split('/TCP')[0]);
-            const localPort = options.exposeLocalPort ? parseInt(options.exposeLocalPort) : remotePort;
-            logger.info(deployId, {
-              svc,
-              localPort,
-              remotePort,
-            });
-            shellExec(`sudo kubectl port-forward -n ${namespace} ${kindType}/${svc.NAME} ${localPort}:${remotePort}`, {
-              async: true,
-            });
-          }
-          continue;
-        }
-
+        const deploymentVersions = versionsByDeployId[deployId].split(',').map((version) => version.trim());
         const confServer = loadConfServerJson(`./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/conf.server.json`);
         const confVolume = fs.existsSync(`./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/conf.volume.json`)
           ? JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(`./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/conf.volume.json`, 'utf8'))
           : [];
 
         if (!options.disableUpdateDeployment)
-          for (const version of options.versions.split(',')) {
+          for (const version of deploymentVersions) {
             shellExec(
               `sudo kubectl delete svc ${deployId}-${env}-${version}-service -n ${namespace} --ignore-not-found`,
             );
@@ -960,7 +2224,7 @@ EOF`);
                     k3s: options.k3s,
                     env,
                   }),
-                  clusterContext: options.k3s ? 'k3s' : options.kubeadm ? 'kubeadm' : 'kind',
+                  clusterContext: clusterTypeFactory(options),
                   gitClean: options.gitClean || false,
                   sshKeyPath: options.sshKeyPath || '',
                 });
@@ -968,8 +2232,29 @@ EOF`);
 
         for (const host of Object.keys(confServer)) {
           if (!options.disableUpdateProxy) {
-            shellExec(`sudo kubectl delete HTTPProxy ${host} -n ${namespace} --ignore-not-found`);
-            if (Underpost.deploy.isValidTLSContext({ host, env, options }))
+            // The host's route object is left in place and replaced by the `apply`
+            // below. Deleting it first unpublished the hostname for the whole
+            // reconciliation window, so every promote dropped live requests before
+            // the new colour was ever the question.
+            //
+            // A deploy that previously ran the per-host model left a Gateway
+            // named after each host. Those are superseded by the consolidated
+            // one, and leaving them behind duplicates that hostname's listeners
+            // in the same merged set. The oldest resource would retain traffic.
+            //
+            // `undefined-http3` is the same problem under a different name: the
+            // consolidated policy was briefly emitted with an unresolved host in
+            // its metadata. Merged listeners are configured by the oldest policy
+            // that targets them, so that object outranks the correctly named one
+            // for as long as it exists.
+            if (options.gatewayApi)
+              for (const name of [host, 'undefined']) {
+                shellExec(`sudo kubectl delete Gateway ${name} -n ${namespace} --ignore-not-found`, { silent: true });
+                shellExec(`sudo kubectl delete ClientTrafficPolicy ${name}-http3 -n ${namespace} --ignore-not-found`, {
+                  silent: true,
+                });
+              }
+            if (Underpost.deploy.isCertManagerContext({ host, env, options }))
               shellExec(`sudo kubectl delete Certificate ${host} -n ${namespace} --ignore-not-found`);
           }
         }
@@ -985,13 +2270,105 @@ EOF`);
             const grpcServicePath = `./${manifestsPath}/grpc-service.yaml`;
             if (fs.existsSync(grpcServicePath)) shellExec(`sudo kubectl apply -f ${grpcServicePath} -n ${namespace}`);
           }
-          if (!options.disableUpdateProxy)
-            shellExec(`sudo kubectl apply -f ./${manifestsPath}/proxy.yaml -n ${namespace}`);
+          // Ingress is served by exactly one of the two routing stacks: the
+          // Contour HTTPProxy set, or the Gateway API set (Gateway + HTTPRoute).
+          // Applying both would publish duplicate routes for the same hostnames.
+          if (!options.disableUpdateProxy) {
+            const currentTraffic = Underpost.deploy.getCurrentTraffic(deployId, {
+              namespace,
+              env,
+              gatewayApi: options.gatewayApi,
+            });
+            const currentReady =
+              !!currentTraffic &&
+              Underpost.deploy.serviceHasReadyEndpoints({
+                service: `${deployId}-${env}-${currentTraffic}-service`,
+                namespace,
+              });
+            // With no explicit traffic request, deploying the opposite colour is
+            // preparation only: preserve the colour already serving. A first
+            // deployment has no live selector and starts on the first requested
+            // version. Explicit --traffic is the only normal apply-time switch.
+            const desiredTraffic = explicitTraffic || (currentReady ? currentTraffic : deploymentVersions[0]);
+            const desiredDeployment = `${deployId}-${env}-${desiredTraffic}`;
+            if (
+              !options.disableUpdateDeployment &&
+              (!Underpost.deploy.awaitDeploymentReady({ deployment: desiredDeployment, namespace }) ||
+                !Underpost.deploy.awaitServiceEndpoints({ service: `${desiredDeployment}-service`, namespace }))
+            )
+              throw new Error(`Refusing to route ${deployId}-${env} to unready colour ${desiredTraffic}`);
+
+            // Migration is two-phase. First make every route and fallback block
+            // use a stable Service that still selects the current colour. Only
+            // after both stacks are converged is its selector moved to the ready
+            // target, so stack migration cannot create a root/API split.
+            const bootstrapTraffic = currentReady ? currentTraffic : desiredTraffic;
+            const trafficServicePath = `./${manifestsPath}/traffic-service.yaml`;
+            Underpost.deploy.applyTrafficService({
+              deployId,
+              env,
+              traffic: bootstrapTraffic,
+              namespace,
+              manifestPath: trafficServicePath,
+            });
+            if (options.gatewayApi) {
+              // Nginx must know how to proxy and intercept this host before Envoy
+              // can send the first request to it. Installing first removes the
+              // reconciliation window where the HTTPRoute is Accepted but the
+              // shared gateway still serves its default server block.
+              installGatewayConf({
+                hostRoot: Underpost.deploy.underpostGatewayRootFactory(options),
+                confSourceDir: Underpost.deploy.gatewayConfDirFactory({ deployId, env }),
+                namespace,
+              });
+              for (const file of ['gateway.yaml', 'httproute.yaml']) {
+                const gatewayApiPath = `./${manifestsPath}/${file}`;
+                if (fs.existsSync(gatewayApiPath) && fs.readFileSync(gatewayApiPath, 'utf8').trim())
+                  shellExec(`sudo kubectl apply -f ${gatewayApiPath} -n ${namespace}`);
+              }
+            } else shellExec(`sudo kubectl apply -f ./${manifestsPath}/proxy.yaml -n ${namespace}`);
+            // The hostnames just published have to reach the data plane that now
+            // describes them. A shared edge built before this apply still sends
+            // them to the other stack, which answers 404 for a healthy workload.
+            // No-op when no shared edge is installed.
+            const sharedIngressUpdated = Underpost.cluster.refreshUnderpostIngress({ namespace, options });
+            if (sharedIngressUpdated) {
+              Underpost.deploy.removeInactiveHostRoutes({
+                hosts: Object.keys(confServer),
+                gatewayApi: options.gatewayApi,
+                namespace,
+              });
+              Underpost.cluster.refreshUnderpostIngress({ namespace, options });
+            }
+
+            if (desiredTraffic !== bootstrapTraffic)
+              Underpost.deploy.applyTrafficService({
+                deployId,
+                env,
+                traffic: desiredTraffic,
+                namespace,
+                manifestPath: trafficServicePath,
+              });
+            if (
+              !options.disableUpdateDeployment &&
+              !Underpost.deploy.awaitServiceEndpoints({
+                service: Underpost.deploy.trafficServiceNameFactory({ deployId, env }),
+                namespace,
+              })
+            ) {
+              if (desiredTraffic !== bootstrapTraffic)
+                Underpost.deploy.applyTrafficService({
+                  deployId,
+                  env,
+                  traffic: bootstrapTraffic,
+                  namespace,
+                  manifestPath: trafficServicePath,
+                });
+              throw new Error(`Traffic Service for ${deployId}-${env} never became ready on ${desiredTraffic}`);
+            }
+          }
 
-          if (
-            Underpost.deploy.isValidTLSContext({ host: Object.keys(confServer)[0], env, options }) &&
-            !options.selfSigned
-          ) {
+          if (Underpost.deploy.isCertManagerContext({ host: Object.keys(confServer)[0], env, options })) {
             const secretPath = `./${manifestsPath}/secret.yaml`;
             if (fs.existsSync(secretPath) && fs.readFileSync(secretPath, 'utf8').trim()) {
               shellExec(`sudo kubectl apply -f ${secretPath} -n ${namespace}`);
@@ -1023,6 +2400,11 @@ EOF`);
     },
     /**
      * Switches the traffic for a deployment.
+     *
+     * Routing only: the workload is the caller's to deploy and make Ready, and
+     * this must never rebuild it. The colour being switched to is, by definition,
+     * the one about to receive every request, so tearing it down here would make
+     * the flip the outage it exists to avoid.
      * @param {string} deployId - Deployment ID for which the traffic is being switched.
      * @param {string} env - Environment for which the traffic is being switched.
      * @param {string} targetTraffic - Target traffic status for the deployment.
@@ -1050,14 +2432,107 @@ EOF`);
         imagePullPolicy: '',
       },
     ) {
+      options = { ...options, gatewayApi: gatewayApiEnabledFactory(options) };
       const timeoutFlags = Underpost.deploy.timeoutFlagsFactory(options);
       const imagePullPolicyFlag = options.imagePullPolicy ? ` --image-pull-policy ${options.imagePullPolicy}` : '';
+      const gatewayApiFlags = Underpost.deploy.gatewayApiFlagsFactory(options);
 
+      // Readiness is a promotion precondition, not advisory. All callers use
+      // this same gate, including monitor/failover paths, so no code path can
+      // publish an endpointless target and turn a healthy opposite colour into
+      // a 500/maintenance response.
+      if (
+        !Underpost.deploy.awaitDeploymentReady({
+          deployment: `${deployId}-${env}-${targetTraffic}`,
+          namespace,
+        }) ||
+        !Underpost.deploy.awaitServiceEndpoints({ service: `${deployId}-${env}-${targetTraffic}-service`, namespace })
+      )
+        throw new Error(`Refusing to switch ${deployId}-${env} to unready colour ${targetTraffic}`);
+      const currentTraffic = Underpost.deploy.getCurrentTraffic(deployId, {
+        namespace,
+        env,
+        gatewayApi: options.gatewayApi,
+      });
+      const currentReady =
+        !!currentTraffic &&
+        Underpost.deploy.serviceHasReadyEndpoints({
+          service: `${deployId}-${env}-${currentTraffic}-service`,
+          namespace,
+        });
+      const bootstrapTraffic = currentReady ? currentTraffic : targetTraffic;
+
+      // Regenerates the manifests against the target colour only: `--build-manifest`
+      // returns before any cluster mutation, so the workload is untouched and the
+      // applies below are the whole switch.
       shellExec(
-        `node bin deploy --info-router --build-manifest --traffic ${targetTraffic} --replicas ${replicas} --namespace ${namespace}${timeoutFlags}${imagePullPolicyFlag} ${deployId} ${env}`,
+        `node bin deploy --info-router --build-manifest --traffic ${targetTraffic} --replicas ${replicas} --namespace ${namespace}${timeoutFlags}${imagePullPolicyFlag}${gatewayApiFlags} ${deployId} ${env}`,
       );
 
-      shellExec(`sudo kubectl apply -f ./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/build/${env}/proxy.yaml -n ${namespace}`);
+      const buildPath = `./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/build/${env}`;
+      const trafficServicePath = `${buildPath}/traffic-service.yaml`;
+      // On the first stable-Service migration, keep serving the current colour
+      // while the Nginx block and HTTPRoute/HTTPProxy are replaced. Once every
+      // layer references this Service, one selector update below is the switch.
+      Underpost.deploy.applyTrafficService({
+        deployId,
+        env,
+        traffic: bootstrapTraffic,
+        namespace,
+        manifestPath: trafficServicePath,
+      });
+      // A traffic switch rebuilds the underpost-gateway host blocks together
+      // with the HTTPRoutes. Install and validate those blocks before publishing
+      // a route that sends an intercepted site path to the shared gateway. The
+      // regular deploy apply path already does this; omitting it here left Nginx
+      // on its default server (or a previous environment/colour), so every such
+      // request became the shared 404 page even though Envoy reported the route
+      // Accepted and relayed it successfully.
+      if (options.gatewayApi)
+        installGatewayConf({
+          hostRoot: Underpost.deploy.underpostGatewayRootFactory(options),
+          confSourceDir: Underpost.deploy.gatewayConfDirFactory({ deployId, env }),
+          namespace,
+        });
+      for (const file of options.gatewayApi ? ['gateway.yaml', 'httproute.yaml'] : ['proxy.yaml'])
+        if (fs.existsSync(`${buildPath}/${file}`) && fs.readFileSync(`${buildPath}/${file}`, 'utf8').trim())
+          shellExec(`sudo kubectl apply -f ${buildPath}/${file} -n ${namespace}`);
+
+      // The shared front derives its Host/SNI table from the live route objects.
+      // Refresh after applying them so a hostname migrating between HTTPProxy and
+      // HTTPRoute reaches the stack that now owns it. This is also a no-op when
+      // underpost-ingress is not installed.
+      const sharedIngressUpdated = Underpost.cluster.refreshUnderpostIngress({ namespace, options });
+      if (sharedIngressUpdated) {
+        const switchHosts = Object.keys(loadConfServerJson(`./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/conf.server.json`));
+        Underpost.deploy.removeInactiveHostRoutes({
+          hosts: switchHosts,
+          gatewayApi: options.gatewayApi,
+          namespace,
+        });
+        Underpost.cluster.refreshUnderpostIngress({ namespace, options });
+      }
+
+      if (targetTraffic !== bootstrapTraffic)
+        Underpost.deploy.applyTrafficService({
+          deployId,
+          env,
+          traffic: targetTraffic,
+          namespace,
+          manifestPath: trafficServicePath,
+        });
+      const trafficService = Underpost.deploy.trafficServiceNameFactory({ deployId, env });
+      if (!Underpost.deploy.awaitServiceEndpoints({ service: trafficService, namespace })) {
+        if (targetTraffic !== bootstrapTraffic)
+          Underpost.deploy.applyTrafficService({
+            deployId,
+            env,
+            traffic: bootstrapTraffic,
+            namespace,
+            manifestPath: trafficServicePath,
+          });
+        throw new Error(`Traffic Service ${trafficService} never became ready on ${targetTraffic}`);
+      }
 
       const grpcServicePath = `./engine-private/conf/${deployId}/build/${env}/grpc-service.yaml`;
       if (fs.existsSync(grpcServicePath)) shellExec(`kubectl apply -f ${grpcServicePath} -n ${namespace}`);
@@ -1075,7 +2550,13 @@ EOF`);
      *      runners derive it from the comma-path field or `--node-name`
      *      (`run sync`: `path.split(',')[4]` > `--node-name` > default) and from
      *      `--node-name` directly (`run instance`).
-     *   2. **Cluster-type default** — when no explicit node is given: `kind-worker`
+     *   2. **`UNDERPOST_DEPLOY_NODE` env** — for kubeadm / k3s, the configured
+     *      target node name. This makes hostPath PV `nodeAffinity` deterministic
+     *      regardless of where the manifest is *built*: building inside a
+     *      container or CI runner would otherwise leak that box's `os.hostname()`
+     *      (e.g. a random container id) into `nodeSelector`, pinning the PV to a
+     *      node that does not exist in the cluster.
+     *   3. **Cluster-type default** — when nothing above is set: `kind-worker`
      *      for a kind cluster (the node that hosts kind hostPath volumes),
      *      otherwise the control-plane / current host (`os.hostname()`) for
      *      kubeadm / k3s. With no explicit cluster flag, `development` is treated
@@ -1093,7 +2574,24 @@ EOF`);
     resolveDeployNode({ node = '', kind = false, kubeadm = false, k3s = false, env = '' } = {}) {
       if (node) return node;
       const isKind = kind || (!kubeadm && !k3s && env !== 'production');
-      return isKind ? 'kind-worker' : os.hostname();
+      if (isKind) return 'kind-worker';
+      return process.env.UNDERPOST_DEPLOY_NODE || os.hostname();
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Checks a node name against the cluster and substitutes a real one when it
+     * does not exist.
+     *
+     * {@link UnderpostDeploy.resolveDeployNode} guesses from the environment when
+     * no cluster flag is given, so `--dev` against a kubeadm cluster yields
+     * `kind-worker`. For anything pinned by `nodeSelector` that guess does not
+     * degrade — it simply never schedules.
+     * @param {string} [node] - The chosen node name.
+     * @returns {{node: string, corrected: boolean}} The name to use, and whether it had to change.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    resolveSchedulableNode({ node = '' } = {}) {
+      return schedulableNodeFactory({ nodes: Underpost.kubectl.get('', 'nodes'), node });
     },
 
     /**
@@ -1183,7 +2681,7 @@ EOF`);
       }
       shellExec(`kubectl delete pvc ${pvcId} -n ${namespace} --ignore-not-found`);
       shellExec(`kubectl delete pv ${pvId} --ignore-not-found`);
-      shellExec(`kubectl apply -f - -n ${namespace} <<EOF
+      shellExec(`kubectl apply -f - -n ${namespace} <<'EOF'
 ${Underpost.deploy.persistentVolumeFactory({
   hostPath: rootVolumeHostPath,
   pvcId,
@@ -1241,13 +2739,18 @@ EOF
           volumeName = `${volumeName}-${version}`;
           claimName = claimName ? `${claimName}-${version}` : null;
         }
+        // The pod-local volume name is a DNS-1123 label (max 63 chars); the PVC
+        // `claimName` it references is a subdomain (max 253) and stays verbatim.
+        // Per-variant instance names append <deployId>-<env>-<traffic> and can
+        // exceed 63, so clamp only the pod-local name (mount name must match it).
+        const podVolumeName = k8sVolumeName(volumeName);
         _volumeMounts += `
-        - name: ${volumeName}
+        - name: ${podVolumeName}
           mountPath: ${volumeMountPath}
 ${secret ? `          readOnly: true\n` : ''}`;
 
         _volumes += `
-    - name: ${volumeName}
+    - name: ${podVolumeName}
  ${
    emptyDir
      ? `     emptyDir: {}`
@@ -1334,7 +2837,9 @@ spec:
     },
 
     /**
-     * Checks if a TLS context is valid.
+     * Checks if a TLS context is valid — i.e. whether the host is served over
+     * HTTPS at all, by either issuer. Drives the TLS block in the generated
+     * HTTPProxy virtualhost and Gateway listener.
      * @param {object} options - Options for the check.
      * @param {string} options.host - Host for which the TLS context is being checked.
      * @param {string} options.env - Environment for which the TLS context is being checked.
@@ -1348,6 +2853,22 @@ spec:
         (!options.certHosts || options.certHosts.split(',').includes(host))) ||
       options.selfSigned === true,
 
+    /**
+     * Checks whether cert-manager is the issuer for a host, as opposed to a
+     * pre-created self-signed secret. Only this predicate may gate operations on
+     * cert-manager's own objects: its CRDs are absent wherever it is not
+     * installed (development, notably), and `kubectl --ignore-not-found`
+     * tolerates a missing object but not a missing resource type.
+     * @param {object} options - Options for the check.
+     * @param {string} options.host - Host being checked.
+     * @param {string} options.env - Environment being checked.
+     * @param {object} options.options - Deploy options.
+     * @returns {boolean} - True when cert-manager issues this host's certificate.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    isCertManagerContext: ({ host, env, options }) =>
+      options.selfSigned !== true && Underpost.deploy.isValidTLSContext({ host, env, options }),
+
     /**
      * Predefined resource templates for Kubernetes deployments.
      * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
@@ -1461,7 +2982,7 @@ spec:
      *   - `imagePullPolicy` — the extracted value, or `undefined` if absent.
      *
      * @param {object|undefined} lifecycle - Env-resolved lifecycle block
-     *   (already passed through pickEnv). May be `undefined`.
+     *   (already passed through {@link ServerConfBuilder.resolveEnvScoped}). May be `undefined`.
      * @returns {{ lifecycle: (object|undefined), imagePullPolicy: (string|undefined) }}
      * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
      */
@@ -1494,6 +3015,32 @@ spec:
         `${options.retryPerTryTimeout ? ` --retry-per-try-timeout ${options.retryPerTryTimeout}` : ''}`
       );
     },
+
+    /**
+     * Generates the Gateway API / QUIC flag string for spawned deploy commands,
+     * so a routing choice made once at the top of a workflow reaches every
+     * child process instead of silently reverting to the HTTPProxy default.
+     * @param {object} options - Options containing the gateway settings.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.gatewayApi] - Apply the Gateway API stack.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.disableGatewayApi] - Apply the legacy Contour HTTPProxy stack.
+     * @param {string} [options.gatewayClass] - GatewayClass name.
+     * @param {boolean} [options.disableHttp3] - Disable QUIC/HTTP3.
+     * @param {string|number} [options.quicPort] - Advertised QUIC port.
+     * @returns {string} The gateway flags string.
+     * @memberof UnderpostDeploy
+     */
+    gatewayApiFlagsFactory: (options = {}) => {
+      return (
+        `${options.gatewayApi ? ' --gateway-api' : ''}` +
+        // The legacy selection has to travel too. Gateway API is the default, so
+        // a child that never receives this flag reverts to it and reads or writes
+        // a different routing kind than the workflow that spawned it.
+        `${options.disableGatewayApi ? ' --disable-gateway-api' : ''}` +
+        `${options.gatewayClass ? ` --gateway-class ${options.gatewayClass}` : ''}` +
+        `${options.disableHttp3 ? ' --disable-http3' : ''}` +
+        `${options.quicPort ? ` --quic-port ${options.quicPort}` : ''}`
+      );
+    },
   };
 }