ultimate-express 2.0.8 → 2.0.10

package/src/response.js

@@ -1,869 +1,869 @@
-/*
-Copyright 2024 dimden.dev
-
-Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-const cookie = require("cookie");
-const mime = require("mime-types");
-const vary = require("vary");
-const encodeUrl = require("encodeurl");
-const { 
-    normalizeType, stringify, deprecated, UP_PATH_REGEXP, decode,
-    containsDotFile, isPreconditionFailure, isRangeFresh, NullObject
-} = require("./utils.js");
-const { Writable } = require("stream");
-const { isAbsolute } = require("path");
-const fs = require("fs");
-const Path = require("path");
-const statuses = require("statuses");
-const { sign } = require("cookie-signature");
-// events is faster at init, tseep is faster at sending events
-// since we create a ton of objects and dont send a ton of events, its better to use events here
-const { EventEmitter } = require("events");
-const http = require("http");
-const ms = require('ms');   
-const etag = require("etag");
-
-const outgoingMessage = new http.OutgoingMessage();
-const symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(outgoingMessage);
-const kOutHeaders = symbols.find(s => s.toString() === 'Symbol(kOutHeaders)');
-const HIGH_WATERMARK = 256 * 1024;
-
-class Socket extends EventEmitter {
-    constructor(response) {
-        super();
-        this.response = response;
-
-        this.on('error', (err) => {
-            this.emit('close');
-        });
-    }
-    get writable() {
-        return !this.response.finished;
-    }
-
-    end(body) {
-        this.response.end(body);
-    }
-
-    close() {
-        if(this.response.finished) {
-            return;
-        }
-        this.response.finished = true;
-        this.emit('close');
-        this.response._res.close();
-    }
-}
-
-module.exports = class Response extends Writable {
-    #socket = null;
-    #ended = false;
-    #pendingChunks = [];
-    #lastWriteChunkTime = 0;
-    #writeTimeout = null;
-    constructor(res, req, app) {
-        super();
-        this._req = req;
-        this._res = res;
-        this.headersSent = false;
-        this.app = app;
-        this.locals = new NullObject();
-        this.finished = false;
-        this.aborted = false;
-        this.statusCode = 200;
-        this.statusText = undefined;
-        this.chunkedTransfer = true;
-        this.totalSize = 0;
-        this.writingChunk = false;
-        this.headers = {
-            'connection': 'keep-alive',
-            'keep-alive': 'timeout=10'
-        };
-        if(this.app.get('x-powered-by')) {
-            this.headers['x-powered-by'] = 'UltimateExpress';
-        }
-
-        // support for node internal
-        this[kOutHeaders] = new Proxy(this.headers, {
-            set: (obj, prop, value) => {
-                this.set(prop, value[1]);
-                return true;
-            },
-            get: (obj, prop) => {
-                return obj[prop];
-            }
-        });
-        this.body = undefined;
-        this.on('error', (err) => {
-            if(this.finished) {
-                return;
-            }
-            this._res.cork(() => {
-                this._res.close();
-                this.finished = true;
-                this.#socket?.emit('close');
-            });
-        });
-        this.once('close', () => {
-            this.#ended = true
-        })
-    }
-
-    get socket() {
-        if(this.#ended) return null;
-        if(!this.#socket) {
-            this.#socket = new Socket(this);
-        }
-        return this.#socket;
-    }
-
-    _write(chunk, encoding, callback) {
-        if (this.aborted) {
-            const err = new Error('Request aborted');
-            err.code = 'ECONNABORTED';
-            return this.destroy(err);
-        }
-        if (this.finished) {
-            const err = new Error('Response already finished');
-            return this.destroy(err);
-        }
-
-        this.writingChunk = true;
-        this._res.cork(() => {
-            if (!this.headersSent) {
-                this.writeHead(this.statusCode);
-                const statusMessage = this.statusText ?? statuses.message[this.statusCode] ?? '';
-                this._res.writeStatus(`${this.statusCode} ${statusMessage}`.trim());
-                this.writeHeaders(typeof chunk === 'string');
-            }
-    
-            if (!Buffer.isBuffer(chunk) && !(chunk instanceof ArrayBuffer)) {
-                chunk = Buffer.from(chunk);
-                chunk = chunk.buffer.slice(chunk.byteOffset, chunk.byteOffset + chunk.byteLength);
-            }
-    
-            if (this.chunkedTransfer) {
-                this.#pendingChunks.push(chunk);
-                const size = this.#pendingChunks.reduce((acc, chunk) => acc + chunk.byteLength, 0);
-                const now = performance.now();
-                // the first chunk is sent immediately (!this.#lastWriteChunkTime)
-                // the other chunks are sent when watermark is reached (size >= HIGH_WATERMARK) 
-                // or if elapsed 50ms of last send (now - this.#lastWriteChunkTime > 50)
-                if (!this.#lastWriteChunkTime || size >= HIGH_WATERMARK || now - this.#lastWriteChunkTime > 50) {
-                    this._res.write(Buffer.concat(this.#pendingChunks, size));
-                    this.#pendingChunks = [];
-                    this.#lastWriteChunkTime = now;
-                    if(this.#writeTimeout) {
-                        clearTimeout(this.#writeTimeout);
-                        this.#writeTimeout = null;
-                    }
-                } else if(!this.#writeTimeout) {
-                    this.#writeTimeout = setTimeout(() => {
-                        this.#writeTimeout = null;
-                        if(!this.finished && !this.aborted) this._res.cork(() => {
-                            if(this.#pendingChunks.length) {
-                                const size = this.#pendingChunks.reduce((acc, chunk) => acc + chunk.byteLength, 0);
-                                this._res.write(Buffer.concat(this.#pendingChunks, size));
-                                this.#pendingChunks = [];
-                                this.#lastWriteChunkTime = performance.now();
-                            }
-                        });
-                    }, 50);
-                    this.#writeTimeout.unref();
-                }
-                this.writingChunk = false;
-                callback(null);
-            } else {
-                const lastOffset = this._res.getWriteOffset();
-                const [ok, done] = this._res.tryEnd(chunk, this.totalSize);
-                if (done) {
-                    super.end();
-                    this.finished = true;
-                    this.writingChunk = false;
-                    this.#socket?.emit('close');
-                    callback(null);
-                } else if (!ok) {
-                    this._res.ab = chunk;
-                    this._res.abOffset = lastOffset;
-                    this._res.onWritable((offset) => {
-                        if (this.finished) return true;
-                        const [ok, done] = this._res.tryEnd(this._res.ab.slice(offset - this._res.abOffset), this.totalSize);
-                        if (done) {
-                            this.finished = true;
-                            this.#socket?.emit('close');
-                        }
-                        if (ok) {
-                            this.writingChunk = false;
-                            callback(null);
-                        }
-                        return ok;
-                    });
-                } else {
-                    this.writingChunk = false;
-                    callback(null);
-                }
-            }
-        });
-    }
-    writeHead(statusCode, statusMessage, headers) {
-        this.statusCode = statusCode;
-        if(typeof statusMessage === 'string') {
-            this.statusText = statusMessage;
-        }
-        if(!headers) {
-            if(!statusMessage) return this;
-            headers = statusMessage;
-        }
-        for(let header in headers) {
-            this.set(header, headers[header]);
-        }
-        return this;
-    }
-    writeHeaders(utf8) {
-        for(const header in this.headers) {
-            const value = this.headers[header];
-            if(header === 'content-length') {
-                // if content-length is set, disable chunked transfer encoding, since size is known
-                this.chunkedTransfer = false;
-                this.totalSize = parseInt(value);
-                continue;
-            }
-            if(Array.isArray(value)) {
-                for(let val of value) {
-                    this._res.writeHeader(header, val);
-                }
-            } else {
-                this._res.writeHeader(header, value);
-            }
-        }
-        this.headersSent = true;
-    }
-    _implicitHeader() {
-        // compatibility function
-        // usually should send headers but this is useless for us
-        this.writeHead(this.statusCode);
-    }
-    status(code) {
-        this.statusCode = parseInt(code);
-        return this;
-    }
-    sendStatus(code) {
-        return this.status(code).send(statuses.message[+code] ?? code.toString());
-    }
-    end(data, cb) {
-        if(typeof data === 'function') {
-            cb = data;
-            data = undefined;
-        }
-        if(typeof cb !== 'function') {
-            cb = undefined; // silence the error?
-        }
-
-        if(this.writingChunk) {
-            this.once('drain', () => {
-                this.end(data, cb);
-            });
-            return;
-        }
-        if(this.finished) {
-            return;
-        }
-        this.writeHead(this.statusCode);
-        this._res.cork(() => {
-            if(!this.headersSent) {
-                const etagFn = this.app.get('etag fn');
-                if(etagFn && data && !this.headers['etag'] && !this.req.noEtag) {
-                    this.headers['etag'] = etagFn(data);
-                }
-                const fresh = this.req.fresh;
-                const statusMessage = this.statusText ?? statuses.message[this.statusCode] ?? '';
-                this._res.writeStatus(fresh ? '304 Not Modified' : `${this.statusCode} ${statusMessage}`.trim());
-                this.writeHeaders(true);
-                if(fresh) {
-                    this._res.end();
-                    this.finished = true;
-                    this.#socket?.emit('close');
-                    this.emit('finish');
-                    this.emit('close');
-                    cb && queueMicrotask(() => {
-                        this.#ended = true;
-                        cb();
-                    });
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-            const contentLength = this.headers['content-length'];
-            if(!data && contentLength) {
-                this._res.endWithoutBody(contentLength.toString());
-            } else {
-                if(this.#pendingChunks.length) {
-                    this._res.write(Buffer.concat(this.#pendingChunks));
-                    this.#pendingChunks = [];
-                    this.lastWriteChunkTime = 0;
-                }
-                if(data instanceof Buffer) {
-                    data = data.buffer.slice(data.byteOffset, data.byteOffset + data.byteLength);
-                }
-                if(this.req.method === 'HEAD') {
-                    const length = Buffer.byteLength(data ?? '');
-                    this._res.endWithoutBody(length.toString());
-                } else {
-                    this._res.end(data);
-                }
-            }
-            
-            this.finished = true;
-            this.#socket?.emit('close');
-            this.emit('finish');
-            this.emit('close');
-            cb && queueMicrotask(() => {
-                this.#ended = true;
-                cb();
-            });
-        });
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    send(body) {
-        if(this.headersSent) {
-            throw new Error('Can\'t write body: Response was already sent');
-        }
-        const isBuffer = Buffer.isBuffer(body);
-        if(body === null || body === undefined) {
-            body = '';
-            return this.end(body);
-        } else if(typeof body === 'object' && !isBuffer) {
-            return this.json(body);
-        } else if(typeof body === 'number') {
-            if(arguments[1]) {
-                deprecated('res.send(status, body)', 'res.status(status).send(body)');
-                return this.status(body).send(arguments[1]);
-            } else {
-                deprecated('res.send(status)', 'res.sendStatus(status)');
-                if(!this.headers['content-type']) {
-                    this.headers['content-type'] = 'text/plain; charset=utf-8';
-                }
-                return this.sendStatus(body);
-            }
-        } else if(typeof body === 'boolean') {
-            return this.json(body);
-        } else if(!isBuffer) {
-            body = String(body);
-        }
-        if(typeof body === 'string' && !isBuffer) {
-            const contentType = this.headers['content-type'];
-            if(!contentType) {
-                this.headers['content-type'] = 'text/html; charset=utf-8';
-            } else if(!contentType.includes(';')) {
-                this.headers['content-type'] += '; charset=utf-8';
-            }
-        } else {
-            if(!this.headers['content-type']) {
-                this.headers['content-type'] = 'application/octet-stream';
-            }
-        }
-        return this.end(body);
-    }
-
-    sendFile(path, options = new NullObject(), callback) {
-        if(typeof path !== 'string') {
-            throw new TypeError('path argument is required to res.sendFile');
-        }
-        if(typeof options === 'function') {
-            callback = options;
-            options = new NullObject();
-        }
-        if(!options) options = new NullObject();
-        let done = callback;
-        if(!done) done = this.req.next;
-        // default options
-        if(typeof options.maxAge === 'string') {
-            options.maxAge = ms(options.maxAge);
-        } else if(typeof options.maxAge === 'undefined') {
-            options.maxAge = 0;
-        }
-        if(typeof options.lastModified === 'undefined') {
-            options.lastModified = true;
-        }
-        if(typeof options.cacheControl === 'undefined') {
-            options.cacheControl = true;
-        }
-        if(typeof options.acceptRanges === 'undefined') {
-            options.acceptRanges = true;
-        }
-        if(typeof options.etag === 'undefined') {
-            options.etag = this.app.get('etag') !== false;
-        }
-        let etagFn = this.app.get('etag fn');
-        if(options.etag && !etagFn) {
-            etagFn = stat => {
-                return etag(stat, { weak: true });
-            }
-        }
-
-        // path checks
-        if(!options.root && !isAbsolute(path)) {
-            this.status(500);
-            return done(new Error('path must be absolute or specify root to res.sendFile'));
-        }
-        if(!options.skipEncodePath) {
-            path = encodeURI(path);
-        }
-        path = decode(path);
-        if(path === -1) {
-            this.status(400);
-            return done(new Error('Bad Request'));
-        }
-        if(~path.indexOf('\0')) {
-            this.status(400);
-            return done(new Error('Bad Request'));
-        }
-        if(UP_PATH_REGEXP.test(path)) {
-            this.status(403);
-            return done(new Error('Forbidden'));
-        }
-        const parts = Path.normalize(path).split(Path.sep);
-        const fullpath = options.root ? Path.resolve(Path.join(options.root, path)) : path;
-        if(options.root && !fullpath.startsWith(Path.resolve(options.root))) {
-            this.status(403);
-            return done(new Error('Forbidden'));
-        }
-
-        // dotfile checks
-        if(containsDotFile(parts)) {
-            switch(options.dotfiles) {
-                case 'allow':
-                    break;
-                case 'deny':
-                    this.status(403);
-                    return done(new Error('Forbidden'));
-                case 'ignore_files':
-                    const len = parts.length;
-                    if(len > 1 && parts[len - 1].startsWith('.')) {
-                        this.status(404);
-                        return done(new Error('Not found'));
-                    }
-                    break;
-                case 'ignore':
-                default:
-                    this.status(404);
-                    return done(new Error('Not found'));
-            }
-        }
-
-        let stat = options._stat;
-        if(!stat) {
-            try {
-                stat = fs.statSync(fullpath);
-            } catch(err) {
-                return done(err);
-            }
-            if(stat.isDirectory()) {
-                this.status(404);
-                return done(new Error(`Not found`));
-            }
-        }
-
-        // headers
-        if(!this.headers['content-type']) {
-            const m = mime.lookup(fullpath);
-            if(m) this.type(m);
-            else this.type('application/octet-stream');
-        }
-        if(options.cacheControl) {
-            this.headers['cache-control'] = `public, max-age=${options.maxAge / 1000}` + (options.immutable ? ', immutable' : '');
-        }
-        if(options.lastModified) {
-            this.headers['last-modified'] = stat.mtime.toUTCString();
-        }
-        if(options.headers) {
-            for(const header in options.headers) {
-                this.set(header, options.headers[header]);
-            }
-        }
-        if(options.setHeaders) {
-            options.setHeaders(this, fullpath, stat);
-        }
-
-        // etag
-        if(options.etag && etagFn && !this.headers['etag']) {
-            this.headers['etag'] = etagFn(stat);
-        }
-        if(!options.etag) {
-            this.req.noEtag = true;
-        }
-
-        // conditional requests
-        if(isPreconditionFailure(this.req, this)) {
-            this.status(412);
-            return done(new Error('Precondition Failed'));
-        }
-
-        // range requests
-        let offset = 0, len = stat.size, ranged = false;
-        if(options.acceptRanges) {
-            this.headers['accept-ranges'] = 'bytes';
-            if(this.req.headers.range) {
-                let ranges = this.req.range(stat.size, {
-                    combine: true
-                });
-    
-                // if-range
-                if(!isRangeFresh(this.req, this)) {
-                    ranges = -2;
-                }
-    
-                if(ranges === -1) {
-                    this.status(416);
-                    this.headers['content-range'] = `bytes */${stat.size}`;
-                    return done(new Error('Range Not Satisfiable'));
-                }
-                if(ranges !== -2 && ranges.length === 1) {
-                    this.status(206);
-                    const range = ranges[0];
-                    this.headers['content-range'] = `bytes ${range.start}-${range.end}/${stat.size}`;
-                    offset = range.start;
-                    len = range.end - range.start + 1;
-                    ranged = true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // if-modified-since, if-none-match
-        if(this.req.fresh) {
-            return this.end();
-        }
-
-        if(this.req.method === 'HEAD') {
-            this.set('Content-Length', stat.size);
-            return this.end();
-        }
-
-        // serve smaller files using workers
-        if(this.app.workers.length && stat.size < 768 * 1024 && !ranged) {
-            this.app.readFileWithWorker(fullpath).then((data) => {
-                if(this._res.finished) {
-                    return;
-                }
-                this.end(data);
-                if(callback) callback();
-            }).catch((err) => {
-                if(callback) callback(err);
-            });
-        } else {
-            // larger files or range requests are piped over response
-            let opts = {
-                highWaterMark: HIGH_WATERMARK
-            };
-            if(ranged) {
-                opts.start = offset;
-                opts.end = Math.max(offset, offset + len - 1);
-            }
-            const file = fs.createReadStream(fullpath, opts);
-            this.set('Content-Length', len);
-            file.pipe(this);
-        }
-    }
-    download(path, filename, options, callback) {
-        let done = callback;
-        let name = filename;
-        let opts = options || new NullObject();
-
-        // support function as second or third arg
-        if (typeof filename === 'function') {
-            done = filename;
-            name = null;
-            opts = {};
-        } else if (typeof options === 'function') {
-            done = options;
-            opts = {};
-        }
-
-        // support optional filename, where options may be in it's place
-        if (typeof filename === 'object' &&
-            (typeof options === 'function' || options === undefined)) {
-            name = null;
-            opts = filename;
-        }
-        if(!name) {
-            name = Path.basename(path);
-        }
-        if(!opts.root && !isAbsolute(path)) {
-            opts.root = process.cwd();
-        }
-
-        this.attachment(name);
-        this.sendFile(path, opts, done);
-    }
-    setHeader(field, value) {
-        if(this.headersSent) {
-            throw new Error('Cannot set headers after they are sent to the client');
-        }
-        if(typeof field !== 'string') {
-            throw new TypeError('Header name must be a valid HTTP token');
-        } else {
-            field = field.toLowerCase();
-            if(Array.isArray(value)) {
-                this.headers[field] = value;
-                return this;
-            }
-            this.headers[field] = String(value);
-        }
-        return this;
-    }
-    header(field, value) {
-        return this.set(field, value);
-    }
-    set(field, value) {
-        if(typeof field === 'object') {
-            for(const header in field) {
-                this.setHeader(header, field[header]);
-            }
-        } else {
-            field = field.toLowerCase();
-            if(field === 'content-type') {
-                if(!value.includes('charset=') && (value.startsWith('text/') || value === 'application/json' || value === 'application/javascript')) {
-                    value += '; charset=utf-8';
-                }
-            }
-            this.setHeader(field, value);
-        }
-        return this;
-    }
-    get(field) {
-        return this.headers[field.toLowerCase()];
-    }
-    getHeader(field) {
-        return this.get(field);
-    }
-    getHeaders(){
-        return this.headers;
-    }
-    removeHeader(field) {
-        delete this.headers[field.toLowerCase()];
-        return this;
-    }
-    append(field, value) {
-        field = field.toLowerCase();
-        const old = this.headers[field];
-        if(old) {
-            const newVal = [];
-            if(Array.isArray(old)) {
-                newVal.push(...old);
-            } else {
-                newVal.push(old);
-            }
-            if(Array.isArray(value)) {
-                newVal.push(...value);
-            } else {
-                newVal.push(value);
-            }
-            this.headers[field] = newVal;
-        } else {
-            this.headers[field] = value;
-        }
-        return this;
-    }
-    render(view, options, callback) {
-        if(typeof options === 'function') {
-            callback = options;
-            options = {};
-        }
-        if(!options) {
-            options = {};
-        } else {
-            options = Object.assign({}, options);
-        }
-        options._locals = this.locals;
-        const done = callback || ((err, str) => {
-            if(err) return this.req.next(err);
-            this.send(str);
-        });
-
-        this.app.render(view, options, done);
-    }
-    cookie(name, value, options) {
-        const opt = {...(options ?? {})}; // create a new ref because we change original object (https://github.com/dimdenGD/ultimate-express/issues/68)
-        let val = typeof value === 'object' ? "j:"+JSON.stringify(value) : String(value);
-        if(opt.maxAge != null) {
-            const maxAge = opt.maxAge - 0;
-            if(!isNaN(maxAge)) {
-                opt.expires = new Date(Date.now() + maxAge);
-                opt.maxAge = Math.floor(maxAge / 1000);
-            }
-        }
-        if(opt.signed) {
-            val = 's:' + sign(val, this.req.secret);
-        }
-
-        if(opt.path == null) {
-            opt.path = '/';
-        }
-
-        this.append('Set-Cookie', cookie.serialize(name, val, opt));
-        return this;
-    }
-    clearCookie(name, options) {
-        const opts = { path: '/', ...options, expires: new Date(1) };
-        delete opts.maxAge;
-        return this.cookie(name, '', opts);
-    }
-    attachment(filename) {
-        this.headers['Content-Disposition'] = `attachment; filename="${filename}"`;
-        this.type(filename.split('.').pop());
-        return this;
-    }
-    format(object) {
-        const keys = Object.keys(object).filter(v => v !== 'default');
-        const key = keys.length > 0 ? this.req.accepts(keys) : false;
-
-        this.vary('Accept');
-
-        if(key) {
-            this.set('Content-Type', normalizeType(key).value);
-            object[key](this.req, this, this.req.next);
-        } else if(object.default) {
-            object.default(this.req, this, this.req.next);
-        } else {
-            this.status(406).send(this.app._generateErrorPage('Not Acceptable'));
-        }
-
-        return this;
-    }
-    json(body) {
-        if(!this.headers['content-type']) {
-            this.headers['content-type'] = 'application/json; charset=utf-8';
-        }
-        const escape = this.app.get('json escape');
-        const replacer = this.app.get('json replacer');
-        const spaces = this.app.get('json spaces');
-        this.send(stringify(body, replacer, spaces, escape));
-    }
-    jsonp(object) {
-        let callback = this.req.query[this.app.get('jsonp callback name')];
-        let body = stringify(object, this.app.get('json replacer'), this.app.get('json spaces'), this.app.get('json escape'));
-        let js = false;
-
-        if(Array.isArray(callback)) {
-            callback = callback[0];
-        }
-
-        if(typeof callback === 'string' && callback.length !== 0) {
-            callback = callback.replace(/[^\[\]\w$.]/g, '');
-
-            if(body === undefined) {
-                body = '';
-            } else if(typeof body === 'string') {
-                // replace chars not allowed in JavaScript that are in JSON
-                body = body
-                    .replace(/\u2028/g, '\\u2028')
-                    .replace(/\u2029/g, '\\u2029')
-            }
-            body = '/**/ typeof ' + callback + ' === \'function\' && ' + callback + '(' + body + ');';
-            js = true;
-        }
-
-        
-        if(!this.headers['content-type']) {
-            this.headers['content-type'] = `${js ? 'text/javascript' : 'application/json'}; charset=utf-8`;
-            if(js) this.headers['X-Content-Type-Options'] = 'nosniff';
-        }
-
-        return this.send(body);
-    }
-    links(links) {
-        this.headers['link'] = Object.entries(links).map(([rel, url]) => `<${url}>; rel="${rel}"`).join(', ');
-        return this;
-    }
-    location(path) {
-        if(path === 'back') {
-            path = this.req.get('Referrer');
-            if(!path) path = this.req.get('Referer');
-            if(!path) path = '/';
-        }
-        return this.headers['location'] = encodeUrl(path);
-    }
-    redirect(status, url, forceHtml = false) {
-        if(typeof status !== 'number' && !url) {
-            url = status;
-            status = 302;
-        }
-        this.location(url);
-        this.status(status);
-        let body;
-        // Support text/{plain,html} by default
-        if(forceHtml) {
-            this.set('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=UTF-8');
-            body = 
-                '<!DOCTYPE html>\n' +
-                '<html lang="en">\n' +
-                '<head>\n' +
-                '<meta charset="utf-8">\n' +
-                '<title>Redirecting</title>\n' +
-                '</head>\n' +
-                '<body>\n' +
-                `<pre>Redirecting to ${url.replaceAll("<", "&lt;").replaceAll(">", "&gt;")}</pre>\n` +
-                '</body>\n' +
-                '</html>\n';
-        } else {
-            this.format({
-                text: () => {
-                    this.set('Content-Type', 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8');
-                    body = statuses.message[status] + '. Redirecting to ' + url
-                },
-                html: () => {
-                    this.set('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=UTF-8');
-                    body = `<p>${statuses.message[status]}. Redirecting to ${url.replaceAll("<", "&lt;").replaceAll(">", "&gt;")}</p>`;
-                },
-                default: () => {
-                    this.set('Content-Type', 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8');
-                    body = '';
-                }
-            });
-        }
-        if (this.req.method === 'HEAD') {
-            this.end();
-        } else {
-            this.end(body);
-        }
-    }
-
-    type(type) {
-        let ct = type.indexOf('/') === -1
-            ? (mime.contentType(type) || 'application/octet-stream')
-            : type;
-
-        return this.set('content-type', ct);
-    }
-    contentType = this.type;
-
-    vary(field) {
-        // checks for back-compat
-        if (!field || (Array.isArray(field) && !field.length)) {
-            deprecate('res.vary(): Provide a field name');
-            return this;
-        }
-        vary(this, field);
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    get connection() {
-        return this.socket;
-    }
-
-    get writableFinished() {
-        return this.finished;
-    }
-}
+/*
+Copyright 2024 dimden.dev
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+const cookie = require("cookie");
+const mime = require("mime-types");
+const vary = require("vary");
+const encodeUrl = require("encodeurl");
+const { 
+    normalizeType, stringify, deprecated, UP_PATH_REGEXP, decode,
+    containsDotFile, isPreconditionFailure, isRangeFresh, NullObject
+} = require("./utils.js");
+const { Writable } = require("stream");
+const { isAbsolute } = require("path");
+const fs = require("fs");
+const Path = require("path");
+const statuses = require("statuses");
+const { sign } = require("cookie-signature");
+// events is faster at init, tseep is faster at sending events
+// since we create a ton of objects and dont send a ton of events, its better to use events here
+const { EventEmitter } = require("events");
+const http = require("http");
+const ms = require('ms');   
+const etag = require("etag");
+
+const outgoingMessage = new http.OutgoingMessage();
+const symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(outgoingMessage);
+const kOutHeaders = symbols.find(s => s.toString() === 'Symbol(kOutHeaders)');
+const HIGH_WATERMARK = 256 * 1024;
+
+class Socket extends EventEmitter {
+    constructor(response) {
+        super();
+        this.response = response;
+
+        this.on('error', (err) => {
+            this.emit('close');
+        });
+    }
+    get writable() {
+        return !this.response.finished;
+    }
+
+    end(body) {
+        this.response.end(body);
+    }
+
+    close() {
+        if(this.response.finished) {
+            return;
+        }
+        this.response.finished = true;
+        this.emit('close');
+        this.response._res.close();
+    }
+}
+
+module.exports = class Response extends Writable {
+    #socket = null;
+    #ended = false;
+    #pendingChunks = [];
+    #lastWriteChunkTime = 0;
+    #writeTimeout = null;
+    constructor(res, req, app) {
+        super();
+        this._req = req;
+        this._res = res;
+        this.headersSent = false;
+        this.app = app;
+        this.locals = new NullObject();
+        this.finished = false;
+        this.aborted = false;
+        this.statusCode = 200;
+        this.statusText = undefined;
+        this.chunkedTransfer = true;
+        this.totalSize = 0;
+        this.writingChunk = false;
+        this.headers = {
+            'connection': 'keep-alive',
+            'keep-alive': 'timeout=10'
+        };
+        if(this.app.get('x-powered-by')) {
+            this.headers['x-powered-by'] = 'UltimateExpress';
+        }
+
+        // support for node internal
+        this[kOutHeaders] = new Proxy(this.headers, {
+            set: (obj, prop, value) => {
+                this.set(prop, value[1]);
+                return true;
+            },
+            get: (obj, prop) => {
+                return obj[prop];
+            }
+        });
+        this.body = undefined;
+        this.on('error', (err) => {
+            if(this.finished) {
+                return;
+            }
+            this._res.cork(() => {
+                this._res.close();
+                this.finished = true;
+                this.#socket?.emit('close');
+            });
+        });
+        this.once('close', () => {
+            this.#ended = true
+        })
+    }
+
+    get socket() {
+        if(this.#ended) return null;
+        if(!this.#socket) {
+            this.#socket = new Socket(this);
+        }
+        return this.#socket;
+    }
+
+    _write(chunk, encoding, callback) {
+        if (this.aborted) {
+            const err = new Error('Request aborted');
+            err.code = 'ECONNABORTED';
+            return this.destroy(err);
+        }
+        if (this.finished) {
+            const err = new Error('Response already finished');
+            return this.destroy(err);
+        }
+
+        this.writingChunk = true;
+        this._res.cork(() => {
+            if (!this.headersSent) {
+                this.writeHead(this.statusCode);
+                const statusMessage = this.statusText ?? statuses.message[this.statusCode] ?? '';
+                this._res.writeStatus(`${this.statusCode} ${statusMessage}`.trim());
+                this.writeHeaders(typeof chunk === 'string');
+            }
+    
+            if (!Buffer.isBuffer(chunk) && !(chunk instanceof ArrayBuffer)) {
+                chunk = Buffer.from(chunk);
+                chunk = chunk.buffer.slice(chunk.byteOffset, chunk.byteOffset + chunk.byteLength);
+            }
+    
+            if (this.chunkedTransfer) {
+                this.#pendingChunks.push(chunk);
+                const size = this.#pendingChunks.reduce((acc, chunk) => acc + chunk.byteLength, 0);
+                const now = performance.now();
+                // the first chunk is sent immediately (!this.#lastWriteChunkTime)
+                // the other chunks are sent when watermark is reached (size >= HIGH_WATERMARK) 
+                // or if elapsed 50ms of last send (now - this.#lastWriteChunkTime > 50)
+                if (!this.#lastWriteChunkTime || size >= HIGH_WATERMARK || now - this.#lastWriteChunkTime > 50) {
+                    this._res.write(Buffer.concat(this.#pendingChunks, size));
+                    this.#pendingChunks = [];
+                    this.#lastWriteChunkTime = now;
+                    if(this.#writeTimeout) {
+                        clearTimeout(this.#writeTimeout);
+                        this.#writeTimeout = null;
+                    }
+                } else if(!this.#writeTimeout) {
+                    this.#writeTimeout = setTimeout(() => {
+                        this.#writeTimeout = null;
+                        if(!this.finished && !this.aborted) this._res.cork(() => {
+                            if(this.#pendingChunks.length) {
+                                const size = this.#pendingChunks.reduce((acc, chunk) => acc + chunk.byteLength, 0);
+                                this._res.write(Buffer.concat(this.#pendingChunks, size));
+                                this.#pendingChunks = [];
+                                this.#lastWriteChunkTime = performance.now();
+                            }
+                        });
+                    }, 50);
+                    this.#writeTimeout.unref();
+                }
+                this.writingChunk = false;
+                callback(null);
+            } else {
+                const lastOffset = this._res.getWriteOffset();
+                const [ok, done] = this._res.tryEnd(chunk, this.totalSize);
+                if (done) {
+                    super.end();
+                    this.finished = true;
+                    this.writingChunk = false;
+                    this.#socket?.emit('close');
+                    callback(null);
+                } else if (!ok) {
+                    this._res.ab = chunk;
+                    this._res.abOffset = lastOffset;
+                    this._res.onWritable((offset) => {
+                        if (this.finished) return true;
+                        const [ok, done] = this._res.tryEnd(this._res.ab.slice(offset - this._res.abOffset), this.totalSize);
+                        if (done) {
+                            this.finished = true;
+                            this.#socket?.emit('close');
+                        }
+                        if (ok) {
+                            this.writingChunk = false;
+                            callback(null);
+                        }
+                        return ok;
+                    });
+                } else {
+                    this.writingChunk = false;
+                    callback(null);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    writeHead(statusCode, statusMessage, headers) {
+        this.statusCode = statusCode;
+        if(typeof statusMessage === 'string') {
+            this.statusText = statusMessage;
+        }
+        if(!headers) {
+            if(!statusMessage) return this;
+            headers = statusMessage;
+        }
+        for(let header in headers) {
+            this.set(header, headers[header]);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+    writeHeaders(utf8) {
+        for(const header in this.headers) {
+            const value = this.headers[header];
+            if(header === 'content-length') {
+                // if content-length is set, disable chunked transfer encoding, since size is known
+                this.chunkedTransfer = false;
+                this.totalSize = parseInt(value);
+                continue;
+            }
+            if(Array.isArray(value)) {
+                for(let val of value) {
+                    this._res.writeHeader(header, val);
+                }
+            } else {
+                this._res.writeHeader(header, value);
+            }
+        }
+        this.headersSent = true;
+    }
+    _implicitHeader() {
+        // compatibility function
+        // usually should send headers but this is useless for us
+        this.writeHead(this.statusCode);
+    }
+    status(code) {
+        this.statusCode = parseInt(code);
+        return this;
+    }
+    sendStatus(code) {
+        return this.status(code).send(statuses.message[+code] ?? code.toString());
+    }
+    end(data, cb) {
+        if(typeof data === 'function') {
+            cb = data;
+            data = undefined;
+        }
+        if(typeof cb !== 'function') {
+            cb = undefined; // silence the error?
+        }
+
+        if(this.writingChunk) {
+            this.once('drain', () => {
+                this.end(data, cb);
+            });
+            return;
+        }
+        if(this.finished) {
+            return;
+        }
+        this.writeHead(this.statusCode);
+        this._res.cork(() => {
+            if(!this.headersSent) {
+                const etagFn = this.app.get('etag fn');
+                if(etagFn && data && !this.headers['etag'] && !this.req.noEtag) {
+                    this.headers['etag'] = etagFn(data);
+                }
+                const fresh = this.req.fresh;
+                const statusMessage = this.statusText ?? statuses.message[this.statusCode] ?? '';
+                this._res.writeStatus(fresh ? '304 Not Modified' : `${this.statusCode} ${statusMessage}`.trim());
+                this.writeHeaders(true);
+                if(fresh) {
+                    this._res.end();
+                    this.finished = true;
+                    this.#socket?.emit('close');
+                    this.emit('finish');
+                    this.emit('close');
+                    cb && queueMicrotask(() => {
+                        this.#ended = true;
+                        cb();
+                    });
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            const contentLength = this.headers['content-length'];
+            if(!data && contentLength) {
+                this._res.endWithoutBody(contentLength.toString());
+            } else {
+                if(this.#pendingChunks.length) {
+                    this._res.write(Buffer.concat(this.#pendingChunks));
+                    this.#pendingChunks = [];
+                    this.lastWriteChunkTime = 0;
+                }
+                if(data instanceof Buffer) {
+                    data = data.buffer.slice(data.byteOffset, data.byteOffset + data.byteLength);
+                }
+                if(this.req.method === 'HEAD') {
+                    const length = Buffer.byteLength(data ?? '');
+                    this._res.endWithoutBody(length.toString());
+                } else {
+                    this._res.end(data);
+                }
+            }
+            
+            this.finished = true;
+            this.#socket?.emit('close');
+            this.emit('finish');
+            this.emit('close');
+            cb && queueMicrotask(() => {
+                this.#ended = true;
+                cb();
+            });
+        });
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    send(body) {
+        if(this.headersSent) {
+            throw new Error('Can\'t write body: Response was already sent');
+        }
+        const isBuffer = Buffer.isBuffer(body);
+        if(body === null || body === undefined) {
+            body = '';
+            return this.end(body);
+        } else if(typeof body === 'object' && !isBuffer) {
+            return this.json(body);
+        } else if(typeof body === 'number') {
+            if(arguments[1]) {
+                deprecated('res.send(status, body)', 'res.status(status).send(body)');
+                return this.status(body).send(arguments[1]);
+            } else {
+                deprecated('res.send(status)', 'res.sendStatus(status)');
+                if(!this.headers['content-type']) {
+                    this.headers['content-type'] = 'text/plain; charset=utf-8';
+                }
+                return this.sendStatus(body);
+            }
+        } else if(typeof body === 'boolean') {
+            return this.json(body);
+        } else if(!isBuffer) {
+            body = String(body);
+        }
+        if(typeof body === 'string' && !isBuffer) {
+            const contentType = this.headers['content-type'];
+            if(!contentType) {
+                this.headers['content-type'] = 'text/html; charset=utf-8';
+            } else if(!contentType.includes(';')) {
+                this.headers['content-type'] += '; charset=utf-8';
+            }
+        } else {
+            if(!this.headers['content-type']) {
+                this.headers['content-type'] = 'application/octet-stream';
+            }
+        }
+        return this.end(body);
+    }
+
+    sendFile(path, options = new NullObject(), callback) {
+        if(typeof path !== 'string') {
+            throw new TypeError('path argument is required to res.sendFile');
+        }
+        if(typeof options === 'function') {
+            callback = options;
+            options = new NullObject();
+        }
+        if(!options) options = new NullObject();
+        let done = callback;
+        if(!done) done = this.req.next;
+        // default options
+        if(typeof options.maxAge === 'string') {
+            options.maxAge = ms(options.maxAge);
+        } else if(typeof options.maxAge === 'undefined') {
+            options.maxAge = 0;
+        }
+        if(typeof options.lastModified === 'undefined') {
+            options.lastModified = true;
+        }
+        if(typeof options.cacheControl === 'undefined') {
+            options.cacheControl = true;
+        }
+        if(typeof options.acceptRanges === 'undefined') {
+            options.acceptRanges = true;
+        }
+        if(typeof options.etag === 'undefined') {
+            options.etag = this.app.get('etag') !== false;
+        }
+        let etagFn = this.app.get('etag fn');
+        if(options.etag && !etagFn) {
+            etagFn = stat => {
+                return etag(stat, { weak: true });
+            }
+        }
+
+        // path checks
+        if(!options.root && !isAbsolute(path)) {
+            this.status(500);
+            return done(new Error('path must be absolute or specify root to res.sendFile'));
+        }
+        if(!options.skipEncodePath) {
+            path = encodeURI(path);
+        }
+        path = decode(path);
+        if(path === -1) {
+            this.status(400);
+            return done(new Error('Bad Request'));
+        }
+        if(~path.indexOf('\0')) {
+            this.status(400);
+            return done(new Error('Bad Request'));
+        }
+        if(UP_PATH_REGEXP.test(path)) {
+            this.status(403);
+            return done(new Error('Forbidden'));
+        }
+        const parts = Path.normalize(path).split(Path.sep);
+        const fullpath = options.root ? Path.resolve(Path.join(options.root, path)) : path;
+        if(options.root && !fullpath.startsWith(Path.resolve(options.root))) {
+            this.status(403);
+            return done(new Error('Forbidden'));
+        }
+
+        // dotfile checks
+        if(containsDotFile(parts)) {
+            switch(options.dotfiles) {
+                case 'allow':
+                    break;
+                case 'deny':
+                    this.status(403);
+                    return done(new Error('Forbidden'));
+                case 'ignore_files':
+                    const len = parts.length;
+                    if(len > 1 && parts[len - 1].startsWith('.')) {
+                        this.status(404);
+                        return done(new Error('Not found'));
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 'ignore':
+                default:
+                    this.status(404);
+                    return done(new Error('Not found'));
+            }
+        }
+
+        let stat = options._stat;
+        if(!stat) {
+            try {
+                stat = fs.statSync(fullpath);
+            } catch(err) {
+                return done(err);
+            }
+            if(stat.isDirectory()) {
+                this.status(404);
+                return done(new Error(`Not found`));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // headers
+        if(!this.headers['content-type']) {
+            const m = mime.lookup(fullpath);
+            if(m) this.type(m);
+            else this.type('application/octet-stream');
+        }
+        if(options.cacheControl) {
+            this.headers['cache-control'] = `public, max-age=${options.maxAge / 1000}` + (options.immutable ? ', immutable' : '');
+        }
+        if(options.lastModified) {
+            this.headers['last-modified'] = stat.mtime.toUTCString();
+        }
+        if(options.headers) {
+            for(const header in options.headers) {
+                this.set(header, options.headers[header]);
+            }
+        }
+        if(options.setHeaders) {
+            options.setHeaders(this, fullpath, stat);
+        }
+
+        // etag
+        if(options.etag && etagFn && !this.headers['etag']) {
+            this.headers['etag'] = etagFn(stat);
+        }
+        if(!options.etag) {
+            this.req.noEtag = true;
+        }
+
+        // conditional requests
+        if(isPreconditionFailure(this.req, this)) {
+            this.status(412);
+            return done(new Error('Precondition Failed'));
+        }
+
+        // range requests
+        let offset = 0, len = stat.size, ranged = false;
+        if(options.acceptRanges) {
+            this.headers['accept-ranges'] = 'bytes';
+            if(this.req.headers.range) {
+                let ranges = this.req.range(stat.size, {
+                    combine: true
+                });
+    
+                // if-range
+                if(!isRangeFresh(this.req, this)) {
+                    ranges = -2;
+                }
+    
+                if(ranges === -1) {
+                    this.status(416);
+                    this.headers['content-range'] = `bytes */${stat.size}`;
+                    return done(new Error('Range Not Satisfiable'));
+                }
+                if(ranges !== -2 && ranges.length === 1) {
+                    this.status(206);
+                    const range = ranges[0];
+                    this.headers['content-range'] = `bytes ${range.start}-${range.end}/${stat.size}`;
+                    offset = range.start;
+                    len = range.end - range.start + 1;
+                    ranged = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // if-modified-since, if-none-match
+        if(this.req.fresh) {
+            return this.end();
+        }
+
+        if(this.req.method === 'HEAD') {
+            this.set('Content-Length', stat.size);
+            return this.end();
+        }
+
+        // serve smaller files using workers
+        if(this.app.workers.length && stat.size < 768 * 1024 && !ranged) {
+            this.app.readFileWithWorker(fullpath).then((data) => {
+                if(this._res.finished) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                this.end(data);
+                if(callback) callback();
+            }).catch((err) => {
+                if(callback) callback(err);
+            });
+        } else {
+            // larger files or range requests are piped over response
+            let opts = {
+                highWaterMark: HIGH_WATERMARK
+            };
+            if(ranged) {
+                opts.start = offset;
+                opts.end = Math.max(offset, offset + len - 1);
+            }
+            const file = fs.createReadStream(fullpath, opts);
+            this.set('Content-Length', len);
+            file.pipe(this);
+        }
+    }
+    download(path, filename, options, callback) {
+        let done = callback;
+        let name = filename;
+        let opts = options || new NullObject();
+
+        // support function as second or third arg
+        if (typeof filename === 'function') {
+            done = filename;
+            name = null;
+            opts = {};
+        } else if (typeof options === 'function') {
+            done = options;
+            opts = {};
+        }
+
+        // support optional filename, where options may be in it's place
+        if (typeof filename === 'object' &&
+            (typeof options === 'function' || options === undefined)) {
+            name = null;
+            opts = filename;
+        }
+        if(!name) {
+            name = Path.basename(path);
+        }
+        if(!opts.root && !isAbsolute(path)) {
+            opts.root = process.cwd();
+        }
+
+        this.attachment(name);
+        this.sendFile(path, opts, done);
+    }
+    setHeader(field, value) {
+        if(this.headersSent) {
+            throw new Error('Cannot set headers after they are sent to the client');
+        }
+        if(typeof field !== 'string') {
+            throw new TypeError('Header name must be a valid HTTP token');
+        } else {
+            field = field.toLowerCase();
+            if(Array.isArray(value)) {
+                this.headers[field] = value;
+                return this;
+            }
+            this.headers[field] = String(value);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+    header(field, value) {
+        return this.set(field, value);
+    }
+    set(field, value) {
+        if(typeof field === 'object') {
+            for(const header in field) {
+                this.setHeader(header, field[header]);
+            }
+        } else {
+            field = field.toLowerCase();
+            if(field === 'content-type') {
+                if(!value.includes('charset=') && (value.startsWith('text/') || value === 'application/json' || value === 'application/javascript')) {
+                    value += '; charset=utf-8';
+                }
+            }
+            this.setHeader(field, value);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+    get(field) {
+        return this.headers[field.toLowerCase()];
+    }
+    getHeader(field) {
+        return this.get(field);
+    }
+    getHeaders(){
+        return this.headers;
+    }
+    removeHeader(field) {
+        delete this.headers[field.toLowerCase()];
+        return this;
+    }
+    append(field, value) {
+        field = field.toLowerCase();
+        const old = this.headers[field];
+        if(old) {
+            const newVal = [];
+            if(Array.isArray(old)) {
+                newVal.push(...old);
+            } else {
+                newVal.push(old);
+            }
+            if(Array.isArray(value)) {
+                newVal.push(...value);
+            } else {
+                newVal.push(value);
+            }
+            this.headers[field] = newVal;
+        } else {
+            this.headers[field] = value;
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+    render(view, options, callback) {
+        if(typeof options === 'function') {
+            callback = options;
+            options = {};
+        }
+        if(!options) {
+            options = {};
+        } else {
+            options = Object.assign({}, options);
+        }
+        options._locals = this.locals;
+        const done = callback || ((err, str) => {
+            if(err) return this.req.next(err);
+            this.send(str);
+        });
+
+        this.app.render(view, options, done);
+    }
+    cookie(name, value, options) {
+        const opt = {...(options ?? {})}; // create a new ref because we change original object (https://github.com/dimdenGD/ultimate-express/issues/68)
+        let val = typeof value === 'object' ? "j:"+JSON.stringify(value) : String(value);
+        if(opt.maxAge != null) {
+            const maxAge = opt.maxAge - 0;
+            if(!isNaN(maxAge)) {
+                opt.expires = new Date(Date.now() + maxAge);
+                opt.maxAge = Math.floor(maxAge / 1000);
+            }
+        }
+        if(opt.signed) {
+            val = 's:' + sign(val, this.req.secret);
+        }
+
+        if(opt.path == null) {
+            opt.path = '/';
+        }
+
+        this.append('Set-Cookie', cookie.serialize(name, val, opt));
+        return this;
+    }
+    clearCookie(name, options) {
+        const opts = { path: '/', ...options, expires: new Date(1) };
+        delete opts.maxAge;
+        return this.cookie(name, '', opts);
+    }
+    attachment(filename) {
+        this.headers['Content-Disposition'] = `attachment; filename="${filename}"`;
+        this.type(filename.split('.').pop());
+        return this;
+    }
+    format(object) {
+        const keys = Object.keys(object).filter(v => v !== 'default');
+        const key = keys.length > 0 ? this.req.accepts(keys) : false;
+
+        this.vary('Accept');
+
+        if(key) {
+            this.set('Content-Type', normalizeType(key).value);
+            object[key](this.req, this, this.req.next);
+        } else if(object.default) {
+            object.default(this.req, this, this.req.next);
+        } else {
+            this.status(406).send(this.app._generateErrorPage('Not Acceptable'));
+        }
+
+        return this;
+    }
+    json(body) {
+        if(!this.headers['content-type']) {
+            this.headers['content-type'] = 'application/json; charset=utf-8';
+        }
+        const escape = this.app.get('json escape');
+        const replacer = this.app.get('json replacer');
+        const spaces = this.app.get('json spaces');
+        this.send(stringify(body, replacer, spaces, escape));
+    }
+    jsonp(object) {
+        let callback = this.req.query[this.app.get('jsonp callback name')];
+        let body = stringify(object, this.app.get('json replacer'), this.app.get('json spaces'), this.app.get('json escape'));
+        let js = false;
+
+        if(Array.isArray(callback)) {
+            callback = callback[0];
+        }
+
+        if(typeof callback === 'string' && callback.length !== 0) {
+            callback = callback.replace(/[^\[\]\w$.]/g, '');
+
+            if(body === undefined) {
+                body = '';
+            } else if(typeof body === 'string') {
+                // replace chars not allowed in JavaScript that are in JSON
+                body = body
+                    .replace(/\u2028/g, '\\u2028')
+                    .replace(/\u2029/g, '\\u2029')
+            }
+            body = '/**/ typeof ' + callback + ' === \'function\' && ' + callback + '(' + body + ');';
+            js = true;
+        }
+
+        
+        if(!this.headers['content-type']) {
+            this.headers['content-type'] = `${js ? 'text/javascript' : 'application/json'}; charset=utf-8`;
+            if(js) this.headers['X-Content-Type-Options'] = 'nosniff';
+        }
+
+        return this.send(body);
+    }
+    links(links) {
+        this.headers['link'] = Object.entries(links).map(([rel, url]) => `<${url}>; rel="${rel}"`).join(', ');
+        return this;
+    }
+    location(path) {
+        if(path === 'back') {
+            path = this.req.get('Referrer');
+            if(!path) path = this.req.get('Referer');
+            if(!path) path = '/';
+        }
+        return this.headers['location'] = encodeUrl(path);
+    }
+    redirect(status, url, forceHtml = false) {
+        if(typeof status !== 'number' && !url) {
+            url = status;
+            status = 302;
+        }
+        this.location(url);
+        this.status(status);
+        let body;
+        // Support text/{plain,html} by default
+        if(forceHtml) {
+            this.set('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=UTF-8');
+            body = 
+                '<!DOCTYPE html>\n' +
+                '<html lang="en">\n' +
+                '<head>\n' +
+                '<meta charset="utf-8">\n' +
+                '<title>Redirecting</title>\n' +
+                '</head>\n' +
+                '<body>\n' +
+                `<pre>Redirecting to ${url.replaceAll("<", "&lt;").replaceAll(">", "&gt;")}</pre>\n` +
+                '</body>\n' +
+                '</html>\n';
+        } else {
+            this.format({
+                text: () => {
+                    this.set('Content-Type', 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8');
+                    body = statuses.message[status] + '. Redirecting to ' + url
+                },
+                html: () => {
+                    this.set('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=UTF-8');
+                    body = `<p>${statuses.message[status]}. Redirecting to ${url.replaceAll("<", "&lt;").replaceAll(">", "&gt;")}</p>`;
+                },
+                default: () => {
+                    this.set('Content-Type', 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8');
+                    body = '';
+                }
+            });
+        }
+        if (this.req.method === 'HEAD') {
+            this.end();
+        } else {
+            this.end(body);
+        }
+    }
+
+    type(type) {
+        let ct = type.indexOf('/') === -1
+            ? (mime.contentType(type) || 'application/octet-stream')
+            : type;
+
+        return this.set('content-type', ct);
+    }
+    contentType = this.type;
+
+    vary(field) {
+        // checks for back-compat
+        if (!field || (Array.isArray(field) && !field.length)) {
+            deprecate('res.vary(): Provide a field name');
+            return this;
+        }
+        vary(this, field);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    get connection() {
+        return this.socket;
+    }
+
+    get writableFinished() {
+        return this.finished;
+    }
+}