typia 9.7.2 → 10.0.0-dev.20251107

package/src/factories/ProtobufFactory.ts

@@ -1,873 +1,873 @@
-import ts from "typescript";
-
-import { IMetadataTypeTag } from "../schemas/metadata/IMetadataTypeTag";
-import { Metadata } from "../schemas/metadata/Metadata";
-import { MetadataObjectType } from "../schemas/metadata/MetadataObjectType";
-import { MetadataProperty } from "../schemas/metadata/MetadataProperty";
-import { IProtobufProperty } from "../schemas/protobuf/IProtobufProperty";
-import { IProtobufPropertyType } from "../schemas/protobuf/IProtobufPropertyType";
-import { IProtobufSchema } from "../schemas/protobuf/IProtobufSchema";
-
-import { ProtobufUtil } from "../programmers/helpers/ProtobufUtil";
-
-import { TransformerError } from "../transformers/TransformerError";
-
-import { ProtobufAtomic } from "../typings/ProtobufAtomic";
-import { ValidationPipe } from "../typings/ValidationPipe";
-
-import { MetadataCollection } from "./MetadataCollection";
-import { MetadataFactory } from "./MetadataFactory";
-
-export namespace ProtobufFactory {
-  export interface IProps {
-    method: string;
-    checker: ts.TypeChecker;
-    transformer?: ts.TransformationContext;
-    collection: MetadataCollection;
-    type: ts.Type;
-  }
-
-  /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-    METADATA COMPOSER
-  ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-  export const metadata = (props: IProps): Metadata => {
-    // COMPOSE METADATA WITH INDIVIDUAL VALIDATIONS
-    const result: ValidationPipe<Metadata, MetadataFactory.IError> =
-      MetadataFactory.analyze({
-        ...props,
-        transformer: props.transformer,
-        options: {
-          escape: false,
-          constant: true,
-          absorb: true,
-          validate: validate(),
-        },
-      });
-    if (result.success === false)
-      throw TransformerError.from({
-        code: `typia.protobuf.${props.method}`,
-        errors: result.errors,
-      });
-    return result.data;
-  };
-
-  /** @internal */
-  export const emplaceObject = (object: MetadataObjectType): void => {
-    for (const p of object.properties) emplaceProperty(p);
-    const properties: IProtobufProperty[] = object.properties
-      .map((p) => p.of_protobuf_)
-      .filter((p) => p !== undefined);
-    const unique: Set<number> = new Set(
-      properties
-        .filter((p) => p !== undefined)
-        .filter((p) => p.fixed === true)
-        .map((p) => p.union.map((u) => u.index))
-        .flat(),
-    );
-    let index: number = 1;
-    properties.forEach((schema) => {
-      if (schema.fixed === true)
-        index = Math.max(
-          index,
-          Math.max(...schema.union.map((u) => u.index)) + 1,
-        );
-      else {
-        for (const u of schema.union) {
-          while (unique.has(index) === true) ++index;
-          u.index = index;
-          unique.add(index);
-        }
-        ++index;
-      }
-    });
-  };
-
-  const emplaceProperty = (prop: MetadataProperty): void => {
-    const union: IProtobufPropertyType[] = [];
-    for (const native of prop.value.natives)
-      if (native.name === "Uint8Array")
-        union.push({
-          type: "bytes",
-          index: ProtobufUtil.getSequence(native.tags[0] ?? [])!,
-        });
-    union.push(...emplaceAtomic(prop.value).values());
-    for (const array of prop.value.arrays)
-      union.push({
-        type: "array",
-        array: array.type,
-        value: emplaceSchema(
-          array.type.value,
-        ) as IProtobufSchema.IArray["value"],
-        index: ProtobufUtil.getSequence(array.tags[0] ?? [])!,
-      });
-    for (const obj of prop.value.objects)
-      if (isDynamicObject(obj.type))
-        union.push({
-          type: "map",
-          map: obj.type,
-          key: emplaceSchema(
-            obj.type.properties[0]!.key,
-          ) as IProtobufSchema.IMap["key"],
-          value: emplaceSchema(
-            obj.type.properties[0]!.value,
-          ) as IProtobufSchema.IMap["value"],
-          index: ProtobufUtil.getSequence(obj.tags[0] ?? [])!,
-        });
-      else
-        union.push({
-          type: "object",
-          object: obj.type,
-          index: ProtobufUtil.getSequence(obj.tags[0] ?? [])!,
-        });
-    for (const map of prop.value.maps)
-      union.push({
-        type: "map",
-        map,
-        key: emplaceSchema(map.key) as IProtobufSchema.IMap["key"],
-        value: emplaceSchema(map.value) as IProtobufSchema.IMap["value"],
-        index: ProtobufUtil.getSequence(map.tags[0] ?? [])!,
-      });
-    prop.of_protobuf_ = {
-      union,
-      fixed: union.every((p) => p.index !== null),
-    };
-  };
-
-  const emplaceSchema = (metadata: Metadata): IProtobufSchema => {
-    for (const native of metadata.natives)
-      if (native.name === "Uint8Array")
-        return {
-          type: "bytes",
-        };
-    const atomic = emplaceAtomic(metadata);
-    if (atomic.size) return atomic.values().next().value!;
-    for (const array of metadata.arrays)
-      return {
-        type: "array",
-        array: array.type,
-        value: emplaceSchema(
-          array.type.value,
-        ) as IProtobufSchema.IArray["value"],
-      };
-    for (const obj of metadata.objects)
-      if (isDynamicObject(obj.type))
-        return {
-          type: "map",
-          map: obj.type,
-          key: emplaceSchema(
-            obj.type.properties[0]!.key,
-          ) as IProtobufSchema.IMap["key"],
-          value: emplaceSchema(
-            obj.type.properties[0]!.value,
-          ) as IProtobufSchema.IMap["value"],
-        };
-      else
-        return {
-          type: "object",
-          object: obj.type,
-        };
-    for (const map of metadata.maps)
-      return {
-        type: "map",
-        map,
-        key: emplaceSchema(map.key) as IProtobufSchema.IMap["key"],
-        value: emplaceSchema(map.value) as IProtobufSchema.IMap["value"],
-      };
-    throw new Error(
-      "Error on ProtobufFactory.emplaceSchema(): any type detected.",
-    );
-  };
-
-  const emplaceAtomic = (
-    meta: Metadata,
-  ): Map<ProtobufAtomic, IProtobufPropertyType> => {
-    const map: Map<ProtobufAtomic, IProtobufPropertyType> = new Map();
-
-    // CONSTANTS
-    for (const c of meta.constants)
-      if (c.type === "boolean")
-        map.set("bool", {
-          type: "bool",
-          index: getSequence(c.values[0]?.tags[0] ?? [])!,
-        });
-      else if (c.type === "bigint") {
-        const init: ProtobufAtomic.BigNumeric = getBigintType(
-          c.values.map((v) => BigInt(v.value)),
-        );
-        for (const value of c.values)
-          emplaceBigint({
-            map,
-            tags: value.tags,
-            init,
-          });
-      } else if (c.type === "number") {
-        const init: ProtobufAtomic.Numeric = getNumberType(
-          c.values.map((v) => v.value) as number[],
-        );
-        for (const value of c.values)
-          emplaceNumber({
-            map,
-            tags: value.tags,
-            init,
-          });
-      } else if (c.type === "string")
-        map.set("string", {
-          type: "string",
-          index: getSequence(c.values[0]?.tags[0] ?? [])!,
-        });
-
-    // TEMPLATE
-    if (meta.templates.length)
-      map.set("string", {
-        type: "string",
-        index: getSequence(meta.templates[0]?.tags[0] ?? [])!,
-      });
-
-    // ATOMICS
-    for (const atomic of meta.atomics)
-      if (atomic.type === "boolean")
-        map.set("bool", {
-          type: "bool",
-          index: getSequence(atomic.tags[0] ?? [])!,
-        });
-      else if (atomic.type === "bigint")
-        emplaceBigint({
-          map,
-          tags: atomic.tags,
-          init: "int64",
-        });
-      else if (atomic.type === "number")
-        emplaceNumber({
-          map,
-          tags: atomic.tags,
-          init: "double",
-        });
-      else if (atomic.type === "string")
-        map.set("string", {
-          type: "string",
-          index: getSequence(atomic.tags[0] ?? [])!,
-        });
-
-    // SORTING FOR VALIDATION REASON
-    return new Map(
-      Array.from(map).sort((x, y) => ProtobufUtil.compare(x[0], y[0])),
-    );
-  };
-
-  const emplaceBigint = (next: {
-    map: Map<ProtobufAtomic, IProtobufPropertyType>;
-    tags: IMetadataTypeTag[][];
-    init: ProtobufAtomic.BigNumeric;
-  }): void => {
-    if (next.tags.length === 0) {
-      next.map.set(next.init, {
-        type: "bigint",
-        name: next.init,
-        index: null!,
-      });
-      return;
-    }
-    for (const row of next.tags) {
-      const value: ProtobufAtomic.BigNumeric =
-        row.find(
-          (tag) =>
-            tag.kind === "type" &&
-            (tag.value === "int64" || tag.value === "uint64"),
-        )?.value ?? next.init;
-      next.map.set(next.init, {
-        type: "bigint",
-        name: value,
-        index: ProtobufUtil.getSequence(row)!,
-      });
-    }
-  };
-
-  const emplaceNumber = (next: {
-    map: Map<ProtobufAtomic, IProtobufPropertyType>;
-    tags: IMetadataTypeTag[][];
-    init: ProtobufAtomic.Numeric;
-  }): void => {
-    if (next.tags.length === 0) {
-      next.map.set(next.init, {
-        type: "number",
-        name: next.init,
-        index: null!,
-      });
-      return;
-    }
-    for (const row of next.tags) {
-      const value: ProtobufAtomic.Numeric =
-        row.find(
-          (tag) =>
-            tag.kind === "type" &&
-            (tag.value === "int32" ||
-              tag.value === "uint32" ||
-              tag.value === "int64" ||
-              tag.value === "uint64" ||
-              tag.value === "float" ||
-              tag.value === "double"),
-        )?.value ?? next.init;
-      next.map.set(value, {
-        type: "number",
-        name: value,
-        index: ProtobufUtil.getSequence(row)!,
-      });
-    }
-  };
-
-  const getBigintType = (values: bigint[]): ProtobufAtomic.BigNumeric =>
-    values.some((v) => v < 0) ? "int64" : "uint64";
-
-  const getNumberType = (values: number[]): ProtobufAtomic.Numeric =>
-    values.every((v) => Math.floor(v) === v)
-      ? values.every((v) => -2147483648 <= v && v <= 2147483647)
-        ? "int32"
-        : "int64"
-      : "double";
-
-  const getSequence = (tags: IMetadataTypeTag[]): number | null => {
-    const sequence = tags.find(
-      (t) =>
-        t.kind === "sequence" &&
-        typeof (t.schema as any)?.["x-protobuf-sequence"] === "number",
-    );
-    if (sequence === undefined) return null;
-    const value: number = Number(
-      (sequence.schema as any)["x-protobuf-sequence"],
-    );
-    return Number.isNaN(value) ? null : value;
-  };
-
-  /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-    VALIDATORS
-  ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-  const validate = () => {
-    const visited: WeakSet<MetadataObjectType> = new WeakSet();
-    return (meta: Metadata, explore: MetadataFactory.IExplore): string[] => {
-      const errors: string[] = [];
-      const insert = (msg: string) => errors.push(msg);
-
-      if (explore.top === true) {
-        const onlyObject: boolean =
-          meta.size() === 1 &&
-          meta.objects.length === 1 &&
-          meta.objects[0]!.type.properties.every((p) =>
-            p.key.isSoleLiteral(),
-          ) &&
-          meta.isRequired() === true &&
-          meta.nullable === false;
-        if (onlyObject === false)
-          insert("target type must be a sole and static object type");
-      }
-      for (const obj of meta.objects) {
-        if (visited.has(obj.type)) continue;
-        visited.add(obj.type);
-        validateObject({
-          object: obj.type,
-          errors,
-        });
-        try {
-          emplaceObject(obj.type);
-        } catch {}
-      }
-
-      //----
-      // NOT SUPPORTED TYPES
-      //----
-      const noSupport = (msg: string) => insert(`does not support ${msg}`);
-
-      // PROHIBIT ANY TYPE
-      if (meta.any) noSupport("any type");
-      // PROHIBIT FUNCTIONAL TYPE
-      if (meta.functions.length) noSupport("functional type");
-      // PROHIBIT TUPLE TYPE
-      if (meta.tuples.length) noSupport("tuple type");
-      // PROHIBIT SET TYPE
-      if (meta.sets.length) noSupport("Set type");
-      // NATIVE TYPE, BUT NOT Uint8Array
-      if (meta.natives.length)
-        for (const native of meta.natives) {
-          if (native.name === "Uint8Array") continue;
-
-          const instead = BANNED_NATIVE_TYPES.get(native.name);
-          if (instead === undefined) noSupport(`${native.name} type`);
-          else noSupport(`${native.name} type. Use ${instead} type instead.`);
-        }
-      //----
-      // ATOMIC CASES
-      //----
-      if (meta.atomics.length) {
-        const numbers = ProtobufUtil.getNumbers(meta);
-        const bigints = ProtobufUtil.getBigints(meta);
-
-        for (const type of ["int64", "uint64"])
-          if (numbers.has(type) && bigints.has(type))
-            insert(
-              `tags.Type<"${type}"> cannot be used in both number and bigint types. Recommend to remove from number type`,
-            );
-      }
-      //----
-      // ARRAY CASES
-      //----
-      // DO NOT ALLOW MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY
-      if (
-        meta.arrays.length &&
-        meta.arrays.some((array) => !!array.type.value.arrays.length)
-      )
-        noSupport("over two dimensional array type");
-      // CHILD OF ARRAY TYPE MUST BE REQUIRED
-      if (
-        meta.arrays.length &&
-        meta.arrays.some(
-          (array) =>
-            array.type.value.isRequired() === false ||
-            array.type.value.nullable === true,
-        )
-      )
-        noSupport("optional type in array");
-      // UNION IN ARRAY
-      if (
-        meta.arrays.length &&
-        meta.arrays.some(
-          (a) =>
-            a.type.value.size() > 1 &&
-            a.type.value.constants.length !== 1 &&
-            a.type.value.constants[0]?.values.length !== a.type.value.size(),
-        )
-      )
-        noSupport("union type in array");
-      // DO DYNAMIC OBJECT IN ARRAY
-      if (
-        meta.arrays.length &&
-        meta.arrays.some(
-          (a) =>
-            a.type.value.maps.length ||
-            (a.type.value.objects.length &&
-              a.type.value.objects.some(
-                (o) => ProtobufUtil.isStaticObject(o.type) === false,
-              )),
-        )
-      )
-        noSupport("dynamic object in array");
-      // UNION WITH ARRAY
-      if (meta.size() > 1 && meta.arrays.length)
-        noSupport("union type with array type");
-      //----
-      // OBJECT CASES
-      //----
-      // EMPTY PROPERTY
-      if (
-        meta.objects.length &&
-        meta.objects.some((obj) => obj.type.properties.length === 0)
-      )
-        noSupport("empty object type");
-      // MULTIPLE DYNAMIC KEY TYPED PROPERTIES
-      if (
-        meta.objects.length &&
-        meta.objects.some(
-          (obj) =>
-            obj.type.properties.filter((p) => !p.key.isSoleLiteral()).length >
-            1,
-        )
-      )
-        noSupport(
-          "object type with multiple dynamic key typed properties. Keep only one.",
-        );
-      // STATIC AND DYNAMIC PROPERTIES ARE COMPATIBLE
-      if (
-        meta.objects.length &&
-        meta.objects.some(
-          (obj) =>
-            obj.type.properties.some((p) => p.key.isSoleLiteral()) &&
-            obj.type.properties.some((p) => !p.key.isSoleLiteral()),
-        )
-      )
-        noSupport(
-          "object type with mixed static and dynamic key typed properties. Keep statics or dynamic only.",
-        );
-      // DYNAMIC OBJECT, BUT PROPERTY VALUE TYPE IS ARRAY
-      if (
-        meta.objects.length &&
-        isDynamicObject(meta.objects[0]!.type) &&
-        meta.objects[0]!.type.properties.some((p) => !!p.value.arrays.length)
-      )
-        noSupport("dynamic object with array value type");
-      // UNION WITH DYNAMIC OBJECTTa
-      if (
-        meta.size() > 1 &&
-        meta.objects.length &&
-        isDynamicObject(meta.objects[0]!.type)
-      )
-        noSupport("union type with dynamic object type");
-      // UNION IN DYNAMIC PROPERTY VALUE
-      if (
-        meta.objects.length &&
-        meta.objects.some(
-          (obj) =>
-            isDynamicObject(obj.type) &&
-            obj.type.properties.some((p) => ProtobufUtil.isUnion(p.value)),
-        )
-      )
-        noSupport("union type in dynamic property");
-      //----
-      // MAP CASES
-      //----
-      // KEY TYPE IS UNION
-      if (
-        meta.maps.length &&
-        meta.maps.some((m) => ProtobufUtil.isUnion(m.key))
-      )
-        noSupport("union key typed map");
-      // KEY TYPE IS NOT ATOMIC
-      if (
-        meta.maps.length &&
-        meta.maps.some((m) => ProtobufUtil.getAtomics(m.key).size !== 1)
-      )
-        noSupport("non-atomic key typed map");
-      // MAP TYPE, BUT PROPERTY KEY TYPE IS OPTIONAL
-      if (
-        meta.maps.length &&
-        meta.maps.some((m) => m.key.isRequired() === false || m.key.nullable)
-      )
-        noSupport("optional key typed map");
-      // MAP TYPE, BUT VALUE TYPE IS ARRAY
-      if (meta.maps.length && meta.maps.some((m) => !!m.value.arrays.length))
-        noSupport("map type with array value type");
-      // UNION WITH MAP
-      if (meta.size() > 1 && meta.maps.length)
-        noSupport("union type with map type");
-      // UNION IN MAP
-      if (
-        meta.maps.length &&
-        meta.maps.some((m) => ProtobufUtil.isUnion(m.value))
-      )
-        noSupport("union type in map value type");
-      return errors;
-    };
-  };
-
-  /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-    SEQUENE VALIDATOR
-  ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-  const validateObject = (next: {
-    object: MetadataObjectType;
-    errors: string[];
-  }): void => {
-    for (const property of next.object.properties)
-      validateProperty({
-        metadata: property.value,
-        errors: next.errors,
-      });
-
-    const entire: Map<number, string> = new Map();
-    const visitProperty = (p: MetadataProperty) => {
-      const local: Set<number> = new Set();
-      const tagger = (matrix: IMetadataTypeTag[][]): void => {
-        matrix.forEach((tags) => {
-          const value: number | null = ProtobufUtil.getSequence(tags);
-          if (value !== null) local.add(value);
-        });
-      };
-      for (const c of p.value.constants)
-        for (const v of c.values) tagger(v.tags);
-      for (const a of p.value.atomics) tagger(a.tags);
-      for (const t of p.value.templates) tagger(t.tags);
-      for (const o of p.value.objects) tagger(o.tags);
-      for (const a of p.value.arrays) tagger(a.tags);
-      for (const s of local)
-        if (entire.has(s))
-          next.errors.push(
-            `The Sequence<${s}> tag is duplicated in two properties (${JSON.stringify(entire.get(s))} and ${JSON.stringify(p.key.getSoleLiteral())})`,
-          );
-        else entire.set(s, p.key.getSoleLiteral()!);
-    };
-    for (const p of next.object.properties) visitProperty(p);
-  };
-
-  const validateProperty = (next: {
-    metadata: Metadata;
-    errors: string[];
-  }): void => {
-    let expected: number = 0;
-    const sequences: Set<number> = new Set();
-    const add = (value: number): boolean => {
-      if (sequences.has(value)) return false;
-      sequences.add(value);
-      ++expected;
-      return true;
-    };
-
-    for (const validator of [
-      validateBooleanSequence,
-      validateNumericSequences({
-        type: "bigint",
-        default: "int64",
-        categories: BIGINT_TYPES,
-      }),
-      validateNumericSequences({
-        type: "number",
-        default: "double",
-        categories: NUMBER_TYPES,
-      }),
-      validateStringSequence,
-    ])
-      validator({ metadata: next.metadata, errors: next.errors, add });
-    for (const array of next.metadata.arrays)
-      validateInstanceSequence({
-        type: "array",
-        tags: array.tags,
-        errors: next.errors,
-        add,
-      });
-    for (const object of next.metadata.objects)
-      validateInstanceSequence({
-        type: "object",
-        tags: object.tags,
-        errors: next.errors,
-        add,
-      });
-    for (const map of next.metadata.maps)
-      validateInstanceSequence({
-        type: "map",
-        tags: map.tags,
-        errors: next.errors,
-        add,
-      });
-    for (const native of next.metadata.natives)
-      if (native.name === "Uint8Array")
-        validateInstanceSequence({
-          type: "Uint8Array",
-          tags: native.tags,
-          errors: next.errors,
-          add,
-        });
-  };
-
-  const validateBooleanSequence = (next: {
-    metadata: Metadata;
-    errors: string[];
-    add: (value: number) => boolean;
-  }): void => {
-    // PREPARE EMPLACER
-    const unique: Set<number> = new Set();
-    let expected: number = 0;
-    let actual: number = 0;
-    const emplace = (matrix: IMetadataTypeTag[][]): void => {
-      for (const tags of matrix)
-        for (const tag of tags) {
-          const sequence = ProtobufUtil.getSequence([tag]);
-          if (sequence !== null) {
-            unique.add(sequence);
-            ++actual;
-          }
-          ++expected;
-        }
-    };
-
-    // GATHER SEQUENCE TAGS
-    for (const atomic of next.metadata.atomics)
-      if (atomic.type === "boolean") emplace(atomic.tags);
-    for (const constant of next.metadata.constants)
-      if (constant.type === "boolean")
-        for (const value of constant.values) emplace(value.tags);
-
-    // PREDICATE
-    if (unique.size && actual !== expected)
-      next.errors.push(
-        `The sequence tag must be declared in every union type members`,
-      );
-    else if (unique.size > 1)
-      next.errors.push(
-        `The sequence tag value must be the same in boolean type (including literal types)`,
-      );
-    else if (unique.size === 1) {
-      const value: number = unique.values().next().value!;
-      if (next.add(value) === false)
-        next.errors.push(
-          `The sequence tag value ${value} in boolean type is duplicated with other types`,
-        );
-    }
-  };
-
-  const validateNumericSequences =
-    (config: {
-      type: "number" | "bigint";
-      default: string;
-      categories: Set<string>;
-    }) =>
-    (next: {
-      metadata: Metadata;
-      errors: string[];
-      add: (value: number) => boolean;
-    }): void => {
-      // FIND TYPE CATEGORIES
-      const categories: Set<string> = new Set();
-      const getType = (tags: IMetadataTypeTag[]): string => {
-        const found: IMetadataTypeTag | undefined = tags.find(
-          (t) => t.kind === "type" && config.categories.has(t.value),
-        );
-        return found?.value ?? config.default;
-      };
-      const exploreCategory = (matrix: IMetadataTypeTag[][]): void => {
-        for (const tags of matrix) categories.add(getType(tags));
-      };
-      for (const atomic of next.metadata.atomics)
-        if (atomic.type === config.type) exploreCategory(atomic.tags);
-      for (const constant of next.metadata.constants)
-        if (constant.type === config.type)
-          for (const value of constant.values) exploreCategory(value.tags);
-
-      // ITERATE TYPE CATEGORIES
-      for (const category of categories) {
-        const unique: Set<number> = new Set();
-        let expected: number = 0;
-        let actual: number = 0;
-        const emplace = (tags: IMetadataTypeTag[]): void => {
-          const sequence: number | null = ProtobufUtil.getSequence(tags);
-          if (sequence !== null) {
-            unique.add(sequence);
-            ++actual;
-          }
-          ++expected;
-        };
-
-        for (const atomic of next.metadata.atomics)
-          if (atomic.type === config.type)
-            for (const tags of atomic.tags)
-              if (getType(tags) === category) emplace(tags);
-        for (const constant of next.metadata.constants)
-          if (constant.type === config.type)
-            for (const value of constant.values)
-              for (const tags of value.tags)
-                if (getType(tags) === category) emplace(tags);
-
-        if (unique.size && actual !== expected) {
-          next.errors.push(
-            `The sequence tag must be declared in every union type members`,
-          );
-        } else if (unique.size > 1)
-          next.errors.push(
-            `The sequence tag value must be the same in ${config.type} type (including literal types)`,
-          );
-        else if (unique.size === 1) {
-          const value: number = unique.values().next().value!;
-          if (next.add(value) === false)
-            next.errors.push(
-              `The sequence tag value ${value} in ${config.type} type is duplicated with other types`,
-            );
-        }
-      }
-    };
-
-  const validateStringSequence = (next: {
-    metadata: Metadata;
-    errors: string[];
-    add: (value: number) => boolean;
-  }): void => {
-    const unique: Set<number> = new Set();
-    let expected: number = 0;
-    let actual: number = 0;
-    const emplace = (matrix: IMetadataTypeTag[][]): void => {
-      for (const tags of matrix)
-        for (const tag of tags) {
-          const sequence = ProtobufUtil.getSequence([tag]);
-          if (sequence !== null) {
-            unique.add(sequence);
-            ++actual;
-          }
-          ++expected;
-        }
-    };
-    for (const atomic of next.metadata.atomics)
-      if (atomic.type === "string") emplace(atomic.tags);
-    for (const constant of next.metadata.constants)
-      if (constant.type === "string")
-        for (const value of constant.values) emplace(value.tags);
-    for (const template of next.metadata.templates) emplace(template.tags);
-
-    if (unique.size && actual !== expected)
-      next.errors.push(
-        `The sequence tag must be declared in every union type members`,
-      );
-    else if (unique.size > 1)
-      next.errors.push(
-        `The sequence tag value must be the same in string types including literal and template types`,
-      );
-    else if (unique.size === 1) {
-      const value: number = unique.values().next().value!;
-      if (next.add(value) === false)
-        next.errors.push(
-          `The sequence tag value ${value} in string type is duplicated with other types`,
-        );
-    }
-  };
-
-  const validateInstanceSequence = (next: {
-    type: "array" | "object" | "map" | "Uint8Array";
-    tags: IMetadataTypeTag[][];
-    errors: string[];
-    add: (value: number) => boolean;
-  }): void => {
-    const unique: Set<number> = new Set();
-    let count: number = 0;
-    for (const tags of next.tags) {
-      const value: number | null = ProtobufUtil.getSequence(tags);
-      if (value === null) continue;
-      unique.add(value);
-      ++count;
-    }
-    if (unique.size && count !== next.tags.length)
-      next.errors.push(
-        `The sequence tag must be declared in every union type members`,
-      );
-    else if (unique.size > 1)
-      next.errors.push(
-        `The sequence tag value must be the same in ${next.type === "array" ? "an array" : "object"} type.`,
-      );
-    else if (unique.size === 1) {
-      const value: number = unique.values().next().value!;
-      if (next.add(value) === false)
-        next.errors.push(
-          `The sequence tag value ${value} in ${next.type} type is duplicated with other types`,
-        );
-    }
-  };
-}
-
-const isDynamicObject = (obj: MetadataObjectType): boolean =>
-  obj.properties[0]!.key.isSoleLiteral() === false;
-
-const BANNED_NATIVE_TYPES: Map<string, string | null> = new Map([
-  ["Date", "string"],
-  ["Boolean", "boolean"],
-  ["BigInt", "bigint"],
-  ["Number", "number"],
-  ["String", "string"],
-  ...[
-    "Buffer",
-    "Uint8ClampedArray",
-    "Uint16Array",
-    "Uint32Array",
-    "BigUint64Array",
-    "Int8Array",
-    "Int16Array",
-    "Int32Array",
-    "BigInt64Array",
-    "Float32Array",
-    "Float64Array",
-    "DataView",
-    "ArrayBuffer",
-    "SharedArrayBuffer",
-  ].map((name) => [name, "Uint8Array"] as const),
-  ["WeakSet", "Array"],
-  ["WeakMap", "Map"],
-]);
-const NUMBER_TYPES: Set<string> = new Set([
-  "int32",
-  "uint32",
-  "int64",
-  "uint64",
-  "float",
-  "double",
-]);
-const BIGINT_TYPES = new Set(["int64", "uint64"]);
+import ts from "typescript";
+
+import { IMetadataTypeTag } from "../schemas/metadata/IMetadataTypeTag";
+import { Metadata } from "../schemas/metadata/Metadata";
+import { MetadataObjectType } from "../schemas/metadata/MetadataObjectType";
+import { MetadataProperty } from "../schemas/metadata/MetadataProperty";
+import { IProtobufProperty } from "../schemas/protobuf/IProtobufProperty";
+import { IProtobufPropertyType } from "../schemas/protobuf/IProtobufPropertyType";
+import { IProtobufSchema } from "../schemas/protobuf/IProtobufSchema";
+
+import { ProtobufUtil } from "../programmers/helpers/ProtobufUtil";
+
+import { TransformerError } from "../transformers/TransformerError";
+
+import { ProtobufAtomic } from "../typings/ProtobufAtomic";
+import { ValidationPipe } from "../typings/ValidationPipe";
+
+import { MetadataCollection } from "./MetadataCollection";
+import { MetadataFactory } from "./MetadataFactory";
+
+export namespace ProtobufFactory {
+  export interface IProps {
+    method: string;
+    checker: ts.TypeChecker;
+    transformer?: ts.TransformationContext;
+    collection: MetadataCollection;
+    type: ts.Type;
+  }
+
+  /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+    METADATA COMPOSER
+  ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+  export const metadata = (props: IProps): Metadata => {
+    // COMPOSE METADATA WITH INDIVIDUAL VALIDATIONS
+    const result: ValidationPipe<Metadata, MetadataFactory.IError> =
+      MetadataFactory.analyze({
+        ...props,
+        transformer: props.transformer,
+        options: {
+          escape: false,
+          constant: true,
+          absorb: true,
+          validate: validate(),
+        },
+      });
+    if (result.success === false)
+      throw TransformerError.from({
+        code: `typia.protobuf.${props.method}`,
+        errors: result.errors,
+      });
+    return result.data;
+  };
+
+  /** @internal */
+  export const emplaceObject = (object: MetadataObjectType): void => {
+    for (const p of object.properties) emplaceProperty(p);
+    const properties: IProtobufProperty[] = object.properties
+      .map((p) => p.of_protobuf_)
+      .filter((p) => p !== undefined);
+    const unique: Set<number> = new Set(
+      properties
+        .filter((p) => p !== undefined)
+        .filter((p) => p.fixed === true)
+        .map((p) => p.union.map((u) => u.index))
+        .flat(),
+    );
+    let index: number = 1;
+    properties.forEach((schema) => {
+      if (schema.fixed === true)
+        index = Math.max(
+          index,
+          Math.max(...schema.union.map((u) => u.index)) + 1,
+        );
+      else {
+        for (const u of schema.union) {
+          while (unique.has(index) === true) ++index;
+          u.index = index;
+          unique.add(index);
+        }
+        ++index;
+      }
+    });
+  };
+
+  const emplaceProperty = (prop: MetadataProperty): void => {
+    const union: IProtobufPropertyType[] = [];
+    for (const native of prop.value.natives)
+      if (native.name === "Uint8Array")
+        union.push({
+          type: "bytes",
+          index: ProtobufUtil.getSequence(native.tags[0] ?? [])!,
+        });
+    union.push(...emplaceAtomic(prop.value).values());
+    for (const array of prop.value.arrays)
+      union.push({
+        type: "array",
+        array: array.type,
+        value: emplaceSchema(
+          array.type.value,
+        ) as IProtobufSchema.IArray["value"],
+        index: ProtobufUtil.getSequence(array.tags[0] ?? [])!,
+      });
+    for (const obj of prop.value.objects)
+      if (isDynamicObject(obj.type))
+        union.push({
+          type: "map",
+          map: obj.type,
+          key: emplaceSchema(
+            obj.type.properties[0]!.key,
+          ) as IProtobufSchema.IMap["key"],
+          value: emplaceSchema(
+            obj.type.properties[0]!.value,
+          ) as IProtobufSchema.IMap["value"],
+          index: ProtobufUtil.getSequence(obj.tags[0] ?? [])!,
+        });
+      else
+        union.push({
+          type: "object",
+          object: obj.type,
+          index: ProtobufUtil.getSequence(obj.tags[0] ?? [])!,
+        });
+    for (const map of prop.value.maps)
+      union.push({
+        type: "map",
+        map,
+        key: emplaceSchema(map.key) as IProtobufSchema.IMap["key"],
+        value: emplaceSchema(map.value) as IProtobufSchema.IMap["value"],
+        index: ProtobufUtil.getSequence(map.tags[0] ?? [])!,
+      });
+    prop.of_protobuf_ = {
+      union,
+      fixed: union.every((p) => p.index !== null),
+    };
+  };
+
+  const emplaceSchema = (metadata: Metadata): IProtobufSchema => {
+    for (const native of metadata.natives)
+      if (native.name === "Uint8Array")
+        return {
+          type: "bytes",
+        };
+    const atomic = emplaceAtomic(metadata);
+    if (atomic.size) return atomic.values().next().value!;
+    for (const array of metadata.arrays)
+      return {
+        type: "array",
+        array: array.type,
+        value: emplaceSchema(
+          array.type.value,
+        ) as IProtobufSchema.IArray["value"],
+      };
+    for (const obj of metadata.objects)
+      if (isDynamicObject(obj.type))
+        return {
+          type: "map",
+          map: obj.type,
+          key: emplaceSchema(
+            obj.type.properties[0]!.key,
+          ) as IProtobufSchema.IMap["key"],
+          value: emplaceSchema(
+            obj.type.properties[0]!.value,
+          ) as IProtobufSchema.IMap["value"],
+        };
+      else
+        return {
+          type: "object",
+          object: obj.type,
+        };
+    for (const map of metadata.maps)
+      return {
+        type: "map",
+        map,
+        key: emplaceSchema(map.key) as IProtobufSchema.IMap["key"],
+        value: emplaceSchema(map.value) as IProtobufSchema.IMap["value"],
+      };
+    throw new Error(
+      "Error on ProtobufFactory.emplaceSchema(): any type detected.",
+    );
+  };
+
+  const emplaceAtomic = (
+    meta: Metadata,
+  ): Map<ProtobufAtomic, IProtobufPropertyType> => {
+    const map: Map<ProtobufAtomic, IProtobufPropertyType> = new Map();
+
+    // CONSTANTS
+    for (const c of meta.constants)
+      if (c.type === "boolean")
+        map.set("bool", {
+          type: "bool",
+          index: getSequence(c.values[0]?.tags[0] ?? [])!,
+        });
+      else if (c.type === "bigint") {
+        const init: ProtobufAtomic.BigNumeric = getBigintType(
+          c.values.map((v) => BigInt(v.value)),
+        );
+        for (const value of c.values)
+          emplaceBigint({
+            map,
+            tags: value.tags,
+            init,
+          });
+      } else if (c.type === "number") {
+        const init: ProtobufAtomic.Numeric = getNumberType(
+          c.values.map((v) => v.value) as number[],
+        );
+        for (const value of c.values)
+          emplaceNumber({
+            map,
+            tags: value.tags,
+            init,
+          });
+      } else if (c.type === "string")
+        map.set("string", {
+          type: "string",
+          index: getSequence(c.values[0]?.tags[0] ?? [])!,
+        });
+
+    // TEMPLATE
+    if (meta.templates.length)
+      map.set("string", {
+        type: "string",
+        index: getSequence(meta.templates[0]?.tags[0] ?? [])!,
+      });
+
+    // ATOMICS
+    for (const atomic of meta.atomics)
+      if (atomic.type === "boolean")
+        map.set("bool", {
+          type: "bool",
+          index: getSequence(atomic.tags[0] ?? [])!,
+        });
+      else if (atomic.type === "bigint")
+        emplaceBigint({
+          map,
+          tags: atomic.tags,
+          init: "int64",
+        });
+      else if (atomic.type === "number")
+        emplaceNumber({
+          map,
+          tags: atomic.tags,
+          init: "double",
+        });
+      else if (atomic.type === "string")
+        map.set("string", {
+          type: "string",
+          index: getSequence(atomic.tags[0] ?? [])!,
+        });
+
+    // SORTING FOR VALIDATION REASON
+    return new Map(
+      Array.from(map).sort((x, y) => ProtobufUtil.compare(x[0], y[0])),
+    );
+  };
+
+  const emplaceBigint = (next: {
+    map: Map<ProtobufAtomic, IProtobufPropertyType>;
+    tags: IMetadataTypeTag[][];
+    init: ProtobufAtomic.BigNumeric;
+  }): void => {
+    if (next.tags.length === 0) {
+      next.map.set(next.init, {
+        type: "bigint",
+        name: next.init,
+        index: null!,
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+    for (const row of next.tags) {
+      const value: ProtobufAtomic.BigNumeric =
+        row.find(
+          (tag) =>
+            tag.kind === "type" &&
+            (tag.value === "int64" || tag.value === "uint64"),
+        )?.value ?? next.init;
+      next.map.set(next.init, {
+        type: "bigint",
+        name: value,
+        index: ProtobufUtil.getSequence(row)!,
+      });
+    }
+  };
+
+  const emplaceNumber = (next: {
+    map: Map<ProtobufAtomic, IProtobufPropertyType>;
+    tags: IMetadataTypeTag[][];
+    init: ProtobufAtomic.Numeric;
+  }): void => {
+    if (next.tags.length === 0) {
+      next.map.set(next.init, {
+        type: "number",
+        name: next.init,
+        index: null!,
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+    for (const row of next.tags) {
+      const value: ProtobufAtomic.Numeric =
+        row.find(
+          (tag) =>
+            tag.kind === "type" &&
+            (tag.value === "int32" ||
+              tag.value === "uint32" ||
+              tag.value === "int64" ||
+              tag.value === "uint64" ||
+              tag.value === "float" ||
+              tag.value === "double"),
+        )?.value ?? next.init;
+      next.map.set(value, {
+        type: "number",
+        name: value,
+        index: ProtobufUtil.getSequence(row)!,
+      });
+    }
+  };
+
+  const getBigintType = (values: bigint[]): ProtobufAtomic.BigNumeric =>
+    values.some((v) => v < 0) ? "int64" : "uint64";
+
+  const getNumberType = (values: number[]): ProtobufAtomic.Numeric =>
+    values.every((v) => Math.floor(v) === v)
+      ? values.every((v) => -2147483648 <= v && v <= 2147483647)
+        ? "int32"
+        : "int64"
+      : "double";
+
+  const getSequence = (tags: IMetadataTypeTag[]): number | null => {
+    const sequence = tags.find(
+      (t) =>
+        t.kind === "sequence" &&
+        typeof (t.schema as any)?.["x-protobuf-sequence"] === "number",
+    );
+    if (sequence === undefined) return null;
+    const value: number = Number(
+      (sequence.schema as any)["x-protobuf-sequence"],
+    );
+    return Number.isNaN(value) ? null : value;
+  };
+
+  /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+    VALIDATORS
+  ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+  const validate = () => {
+    const visited: WeakSet<MetadataObjectType> = new WeakSet();
+    return (meta: Metadata, explore: MetadataFactory.IExplore): string[] => {
+      const errors: string[] = [];
+      const insert = (msg: string) => errors.push(msg);
+
+      if (explore.top === true) {
+        const onlyObject: boolean =
+          meta.size() === 1 &&
+          meta.objects.length === 1 &&
+          meta.objects[0]!.type.properties.every((p) =>
+            p.key.isSoleLiteral(),
+          ) &&
+          meta.isRequired() === true &&
+          meta.nullable === false;
+        if (onlyObject === false)
+          insert("target type must be a sole and static object type");
+      }
+      for (const obj of meta.objects) {
+        if (visited.has(obj.type)) continue;
+        visited.add(obj.type);
+        validateObject({
+          object: obj.type,
+          errors,
+        });
+        try {
+          emplaceObject(obj.type);
+        } catch {}
+      }
+
+      //----
+      // NOT SUPPORTED TYPES
+      //----
+      const noSupport = (msg: string) => insert(`does not support ${msg}`);
+
+      // PROHIBIT ANY TYPE
+      if (meta.any) noSupport("any type");
+      // PROHIBIT FUNCTIONAL TYPE
+      if (meta.functions.length) noSupport("functional type");
+      // PROHIBIT TUPLE TYPE
+      if (meta.tuples.length) noSupport("tuple type");
+      // PROHIBIT SET TYPE
+      if (meta.sets.length) noSupport("Set type");
+      // NATIVE TYPE, BUT NOT Uint8Array
+      if (meta.natives.length)
+        for (const native of meta.natives) {
+          if (native.name === "Uint8Array") continue;
+
+          const instead = BANNED_NATIVE_TYPES.get(native.name);
+          if (instead === undefined) noSupport(`${native.name} type`);
+          else noSupport(`${native.name} type. Use ${instead} type instead.`);
+        }
+      //----
+      // ATOMIC CASES
+      //----
+      if (meta.atomics.length) {
+        const numbers = ProtobufUtil.getNumbers(meta);
+        const bigints = ProtobufUtil.getBigints(meta);
+
+        for (const type of ["int64", "uint64"])
+          if (numbers.has(type) && bigints.has(type))
+            insert(
+              `tags.Type<"${type}"> cannot be used in both number and bigint types. Recommend to remove from number type`,
+            );
+      }
+      //----
+      // ARRAY CASES
+      //----
+      // DO NOT ALLOW MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY
+      if (
+        meta.arrays.length &&
+        meta.arrays.some((array) => !!array.type.value.arrays.length)
+      )
+        noSupport("over two dimensional array type");
+      // CHILD OF ARRAY TYPE MUST BE REQUIRED
+      if (
+        meta.arrays.length &&
+        meta.arrays.some(
+          (array) =>
+            array.type.value.isRequired() === false ||
+            array.type.value.nullable === true,
+        )
+      )
+        noSupport("optional type in array");
+      // UNION IN ARRAY
+      if (
+        meta.arrays.length &&
+        meta.arrays.some(
+          (a) =>
+            a.type.value.size() > 1 &&
+            a.type.value.constants.length !== 1 &&
+            a.type.value.constants[0]?.values.length !== a.type.value.size(),
+        )
+      )
+        noSupport("union type in array");
+      // DO DYNAMIC OBJECT IN ARRAY
+      if (
+        meta.arrays.length &&
+        meta.arrays.some(
+          (a) =>
+            a.type.value.maps.length ||
+            (a.type.value.objects.length &&
+              a.type.value.objects.some(
+                (o) => ProtobufUtil.isStaticObject(o.type) === false,
+              )),
+        )
+      )
+        noSupport("dynamic object in array");
+      // UNION WITH ARRAY
+      if (meta.size() > 1 && meta.arrays.length)
+        noSupport("union type with array type");
+      //----
+      // OBJECT CASES
+      //----
+      // EMPTY PROPERTY
+      if (
+        meta.objects.length &&
+        meta.objects.some((obj) => obj.type.properties.length === 0)
+      )
+        noSupport("empty object type");
+      // MULTIPLE DYNAMIC KEY TYPED PROPERTIES
+      if (
+        meta.objects.length &&
+        meta.objects.some(
+          (obj) =>
+            obj.type.properties.filter((p) => !p.key.isSoleLiteral()).length >
+            1,
+        )
+      )
+        noSupport(
+          "object type with multiple dynamic key typed properties. Keep only one.",
+        );
+      // STATIC AND DYNAMIC PROPERTIES ARE COMPATIBLE
+      if (
+        meta.objects.length &&
+        meta.objects.some(
+          (obj) =>
+            obj.type.properties.some((p) => p.key.isSoleLiteral()) &&
+            obj.type.properties.some((p) => !p.key.isSoleLiteral()),
+        )
+      )
+        noSupport(
+          "object type with mixed static and dynamic key typed properties. Keep statics or dynamic only.",
+        );
+      // DYNAMIC OBJECT, BUT PROPERTY VALUE TYPE IS ARRAY
+      if (
+        meta.objects.length &&
+        isDynamicObject(meta.objects[0]!.type) &&
+        meta.objects[0]!.type.properties.some((p) => !!p.value.arrays.length)
+      )
+        noSupport("dynamic object with array value type");
+      // UNION WITH DYNAMIC OBJECTTa
+      if (
+        meta.size() > 1 &&
+        meta.objects.length &&
+        isDynamicObject(meta.objects[0]!.type)
+      )
+        noSupport("union type with dynamic object type");
+      // UNION IN DYNAMIC PROPERTY VALUE
+      if (
+        meta.objects.length &&
+        meta.objects.some(
+          (obj) =>
+            isDynamicObject(obj.type) &&
+            obj.type.properties.some((p) => ProtobufUtil.isUnion(p.value)),
+        )
+      )
+        noSupport("union type in dynamic property");
+      //----
+      // MAP CASES
+      //----
+      // KEY TYPE IS UNION
+      if (
+        meta.maps.length &&
+        meta.maps.some((m) => ProtobufUtil.isUnion(m.key))
+      )
+        noSupport("union key typed map");
+      // KEY TYPE IS NOT ATOMIC
+      if (
+        meta.maps.length &&
+        meta.maps.some((m) => ProtobufUtil.getAtomics(m.key).size !== 1)
+      )
+        noSupport("non-atomic key typed map");
+      // MAP TYPE, BUT PROPERTY KEY TYPE IS OPTIONAL
+      if (
+        meta.maps.length &&
+        meta.maps.some((m) => m.key.isRequired() === false || m.key.nullable)
+      )
+        noSupport("optional key typed map");
+      // MAP TYPE, BUT VALUE TYPE IS ARRAY
+      if (meta.maps.length && meta.maps.some((m) => !!m.value.arrays.length))
+        noSupport("map type with array value type");
+      // UNION WITH MAP
+      if (meta.size() > 1 && meta.maps.length)
+        noSupport("union type with map type");
+      // UNION IN MAP
+      if (
+        meta.maps.length &&
+        meta.maps.some((m) => ProtobufUtil.isUnion(m.value))
+      )
+        noSupport("union type in map value type");
+      return errors;
+    };
+  };
+
+  /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+    SEQUENCE VALIDATOR
+  ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+  const validateObject = (next: {
+    object: MetadataObjectType;
+    errors: string[];
+  }): void => {
+    for (const property of next.object.properties)
+      validateProperty({
+        metadata: property.value,
+        errors: next.errors,
+      });
+
+    const entire: Map<number, string> = new Map();
+    const visitProperty = (p: MetadataProperty) => {
+      const local: Set<number> = new Set();
+      const tagger = (matrix: IMetadataTypeTag[][]): void => {
+        matrix.forEach((tags) => {
+          const value: number | null = ProtobufUtil.getSequence(tags);
+          if (value !== null) local.add(value);
+        });
+      };
+      for (const c of p.value.constants)
+        for (const v of c.values) tagger(v.tags);
+      for (const a of p.value.atomics) tagger(a.tags);
+      for (const t of p.value.templates) tagger(t.tags);
+      for (const o of p.value.objects) tagger(o.tags);
+      for (const a of p.value.arrays) tagger(a.tags);
+      for (const s of local)
+        if (entire.has(s))
+          next.errors.push(
+            `The Sequence<${s}> tag is duplicated in two properties (${JSON.stringify(entire.get(s))} and ${JSON.stringify(p.key.getSoleLiteral())})`,
+          );
+        else entire.set(s, p.key.getSoleLiteral()!);
+    };
+    for (const p of next.object.properties) visitProperty(p);
+  };
+
+  const validateProperty = (next: {
+    metadata: Metadata;
+    errors: string[];
+  }): void => {
+    let expected: number = 0;
+    const sequences: Set<number> = new Set();
+    const add = (value: number): boolean => {
+      if (sequences.has(value)) return false;
+      sequences.add(value);
+      ++expected;
+      return true;
+    };
+
+    for (const validator of [
+      validateBooleanSequence,
+      validateNumericSequences({
+        type: "bigint",
+        default: "int64",
+        categories: BIGINT_TYPES,
+      }),
+      validateNumericSequences({
+        type: "number",
+        default: "double",
+        categories: NUMBER_TYPES,
+      }),
+      validateStringSequence,
+    ])
+      validator({ metadata: next.metadata, errors: next.errors, add });
+    for (const array of next.metadata.arrays)
+      validateInstanceSequence({
+        type: "array",
+        tags: array.tags,
+        errors: next.errors,
+        add,
+      });
+    for (const object of next.metadata.objects)
+      validateInstanceSequence({
+        type: "object",
+        tags: object.tags,
+        errors: next.errors,
+        add,
+      });
+    for (const map of next.metadata.maps)
+      validateInstanceSequence({
+        type: "map",
+        tags: map.tags,
+        errors: next.errors,
+        add,
+      });
+    for (const native of next.metadata.natives)
+      if (native.name === "Uint8Array")
+        validateInstanceSequence({
+          type: "Uint8Array",
+          tags: native.tags,
+          errors: next.errors,
+          add,
+        });
+  };
+
+  const validateBooleanSequence = (next: {
+    metadata: Metadata;
+    errors: string[];
+    add: (value: number) => boolean;
+  }): void => {
+    // PREPARE EMPLACER
+    const unique: Set<number> = new Set();
+    let expected: number = 0;
+    let actual: number = 0;
+    const emplace = (matrix: IMetadataTypeTag[][]): void => {
+      for (const tags of matrix)
+        for (const tag of tags) {
+          const sequence = ProtobufUtil.getSequence([tag]);
+          if (sequence !== null) {
+            unique.add(sequence);
+            ++actual;
+          }
+          ++expected;
+        }
+    };
+
+    // GATHER SEQUENCE TAGS
+    for (const atomic of next.metadata.atomics)
+      if (atomic.type === "boolean") emplace(atomic.tags);
+    for (const constant of next.metadata.constants)
+      if (constant.type === "boolean")
+        for (const value of constant.values) emplace(value.tags);
+
+    // PREDICATE
+    if (unique.size && actual !== expected)
+      next.errors.push(
+        `The sequence tag must be declared in every union type members`,
+      );
+    else if (unique.size > 1)
+      next.errors.push(
+        `The sequence tag value must be the same in boolean type (including literal types)`,
+      );
+    else if (unique.size === 1) {
+      const value: number = unique.values().next().value!;
+      if (next.add(value) === false)
+        next.errors.push(
+          `The sequence tag value ${value} in boolean type is duplicated with other types`,
+        );
+    }
+  };
+
+  const validateNumericSequences =
+    (config: {
+      type: "number" | "bigint";
+      default: string;
+      categories: Set<string>;
+    }) =>
+    (next: {
+      metadata: Metadata;
+      errors: string[];
+      add: (value: number) => boolean;
+    }): void => {
+      // FIND TYPE CATEGORIES
+      const categories: Set<string> = new Set();
+      const getType = (tags: IMetadataTypeTag[]): string => {
+        const found: IMetadataTypeTag | undefined = tags.find(
+          (t) => t.kind === "type" && config.categories.has(t.value),
+        );
+        return found?.value ?? config.default;
+      };
+      const exploreCategory = (matrix: IMetadataTypeTag[][]): void => {
+        for (const tags of matrix) categories.add(getType(tags));
+      };
+      for (const atomic of next.metadata.atomics)
+        if (atomic.type === config.type) exploreCategory(atomic.tags);
+      for (const constant of next.metadata.constants)
+        if (constant.type === config.type)
+          for (const value of constant.values) exploreCategory(value.tags);
+
+      // ITERATE TYPE CATEGORIES
+      for (const category of categories) {
+        const unique: Set<number> = new Set();
+        let expected: number = 0;
+        let actual: number = 0;
+        const emplace = (tags: IMetadataTypeTag[]): void => {
+          const sequence: number | null = ProtobufUtil.getSequence(tags);
+          if (sequence !== null) {
+            unique.add(sequence);
+            ++actual;
+          }
+          ++expected;
+        };
+
+        for (const atomic of next.metadata.atomics)
+          if (atomic.type === config.type)
+            for (const tags of atomic.tags)
+              if (getType(tags) === category) emplace(tags);
+        for (const constant of next.metadata.constants)
+          if (constant.type === config.type)
+            for (const value of constant.values)
+              for (const tags of value.tags)
+                if (getType(tags) === category) emplace(tags);
+
+        if (unique.size && actual !== expected) {
+          next.errors.push(
+            `The sequence tag must be declared in every union type members`,
+          );
+        } else if (unique.size > 1)
+          next.errors.push(
+            `The sequence tag value must be the same in ${config.type} type (including literal types)`,
+          );
+        else if (unique.size === 1) {
+          const value: number = unique.values().next().value!;
+          if (next.add(value) === false)
+            next.errors.push(
+              `The sequence tag value ${value} in ${config.type} type is duplicated with other types`,
+            );
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+  const validateStringSequence = (next: {
+    metadata: Metadata;
+    errors: string[];
+    add: (value: number) => boolean;
+  }): void => {
+    const unique: Set<number> = new Set();
+    let expected: number = 0;
+    let actual: number = 0;
+    const emplace = (matrix: IMetadataTypeTag[][]): void => {
+      for (const tags of matrix)
+        for (const tag of tags) {
+          const sequence = ProtobufUtil.getSequence([tag]);
+          if (sequence !== null) {
+            unique.add(sequence);
+            ++actual;
+          }
+          ++expected;
+        }
+    };
+    for (const atomic of next.metadata.atomics)
+      if (atomic.type === "string") emplace(atomic.tags);
+    for (const constant of next.metadata.constants)
+      if (constant.type === "string")
+        for (const value of constant.values) emplace(value.tags);
+    for (const template of next.metadata.templates) emplace(template.tags);
+
+    if (unique.size && actual !== expected)
+      next.errors.push(
+        `The sequence tag must be declared in every union type members`,
+      );
+    else if (unique.size > 1)
+      next.errors.push(
+        `The sequence tag value must be the same in string types including literal and template types`,
+      );
+    else if (unique.size === 1) {
+      const value: number = unique.values().next().value!;
+      if (next.add(value) === false)
+        next.errors.push(
+          `The sequence tag value ${value} in string type is duplicated with other types`,
+        );
+    }
+  };
+
+  const validateInstanceSequence = (next: {
+    type: "array" | "object" | "map" | "Uint8Array";
+    tags: IMetadataTypeTag[][];
+    errors: string[];
+    add: (value: number) => boolean;
+  }): void => {
+    const unique: Set<number> = new Set();
+    let count: number = 0;
+    for (const tags of next.tags) {
+      const value: number | null = ProtobufUtil.getSequence(tags);
+      if (value === null) continue;
+      unique.add(value);
+      ++count;
+    }
+    if (unique.size && count !== next.tags.length)
+      next.errors.push(
+        `The sequence tag must be declared in every union type members`,
+      );
+    else if (unique.size > 1)
+      next.errors.push(
+        `The sequence tag value must be the same in ${next.type === "array" ? "an array" : "object"} type.`,
+      );
+    else if (unique.size === 1) {
+      const value: number = unique.values().next().value!;
+      if (next.add(value) === false)
+        next.errors.push(
+          `The sequence tag value ${value} in ${next.type} type is duplicated with other types`,
+        );
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+const isDynamicObject = (obj: MetadataObjectType): boolean =>
+  obj.properties[0]!.key.isSoleLiteral() === false;
+
+const BANNED_NATIVE_TYPES: Map<string, string | null> = new Map([
+  ["Date", "string"],
+  ["Boolean", "boolean"],
+  ["BigInt", "bigint"],
+  ["Number", "number"],
+  ["String", "string"],
+  ...[
+    "Buffer",
+    "Uint8ClampedArray",
+    "Uint16Array",
+    "Uint32Array",
+    "BigUint64Array",
+    "Int8Array",
+    "Int16Array",
+    "Int32Array",
+    "BigInt64Array",
+    "Float32Array",
+    "Float64Array",
+    "DataView",
+    "ArrayBuffer",
+    "SharedArrayBuffer",
+  ].map((name) => [name, "Uint8Array"] as const),
+  ["WeakSet", "Array"],
+  ["WeakMap", "Map"],
+]);
+const NUMBER_TYPES: Set<string> = new Set([
+  "int32",
+  "uint32",
+  "int64",
+  "uint64",
+  "float",
+  "double",
+]);
+const BIGINT_TYPES = new Set(["int64", "uint64"]);