typia 7.0.0-dev.20241005 → 7.0.0-dev.20241007

package/src/programmers/protobuf/ProtobufEncodeProgrammer.ts

@@ -1,1019 +1,1019 @@
-import ts from "typescript";
-
-import { ExpressionFactory } from "../../factories/ExpressionFactory";
-import { IdentifierFactory } from "../../factories/IdentifierFactory";
-import { MetadataCollection } from "../../factories/MetadataCollection";
-import { NumericRangeFactory } from "../../factories/NumericRangeFactory";
-import { ProtobufFactory } from "../../factories/ProtobufFactory";
-import { StatementFactory } from "../../factories/StatementFactory";
-import { TypeFactory } from "../../factories/TypeFactory";
-
-import { Metadata } from "../../schemas/metadata/Metadata";
-import { MetadataArray } from "../../schemas/metadata/MetadataArray";
-import { MetadataAtomic } from "../../schemas/metadata/MetadataAtomic";
-import { MetadataObject } from "../../schemas/metadata/MetadataObject";
-import { MetadataProperty } from "../../schemas/metadata/MetadataProperty";
-
-import { IProgrammerProps } from "../../transformers/IProgrammerProps";
-import { ITypiaContext } from "../../transformers/ITypiaContext";
-
-import { ProtobufAtomic } from "../../typings/ProtobufAtomic";
-
-import { FeatureProgrammer } from "../FeatureProgrammer";
-import { IsProgrammer } from "../IsProgrammer";
-import { FunctionProgrammer } from "../helpers/FunctionProgrammer";
-import { ProtobufUtil } from "../helpers/ProtobufUtil";
-import { ProtobufWire } from "../helpers/ProtobufWire";
-import { UnionPredicator } from "../helpers/UnionPredicator";
-import { decode_union_object } from "../internal/decode_union_object";
-
-export namespace ProtobufEncodeProgrammer {
-  export const decompose = (props: {
-    context: ITypiaContext;
-    modulo: ts.LeftHandSideExpression;
-    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
-    type: ts.Type;
-    name: string | undefined;
-  }): FeatureProgrammer.IDecomposed => {
-    const collection: MetadataCollection = new MetadataCollection();
-    const metadata: Metadata = ProtobufFactory.metadata({
-      method: props.modulo.getText(),
-      checker: props.context.checker,
-      transformer: props.context.transformer,
-      collection,
-      type: props.type,
-    });
-
-    const callEncoder = (writer: string, factory: ts.NewExpression) =>
-      StatementFactory.constant({
-        name: writer,
-        value: ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-          ts.factory.createIdentifier("encoder"),
-          undefined,
-          [factory, ts.factory.createIdentifier("input")],
-        ),
-      });
-    return {
-      functions: {
-        encoder: StatementFactory.constant({
-          name: props.functor.useLocal("encoder"),
-          value: write_encoder({
-            context: props.context,
-            functor: props.functor,
-            collection,
-            metadata,
-          }),
-        }),
-      },
-      statements: [],
-      arrow: ts.factory.createArrowFunction(
-        undefined,
-        undefined,
-        [
-          IdentifierFactory.parameter(
-            "input",
-            ts.factory.createTypeReferenceNode(
-              props.name ??
-                TypeFactory.getFullName({
-                  checker: props.context.checker,
-                  type: props.type,
-                }),
-            ),
-          ),
-        ],
-        ts.factory.createTypeReferenceNode("Uint8Array"),
-        undefined,
-        ts.factory.createBlock(
-          [
-            callEncoder(
-              "sizer",
-              ts.factory.createNewExpression(
-                props.context.importer.internal("ProtobufSizer"),
-                undefined,
-                [],
-              ),
-            ),
-            callEncoder(
-              "writer",
-              ts.factory.createNewExpression(
-                props.context.importer.internal("ProtobufWriter"),
-                undefined,
-                [ts.factory.createIdentifier("sizer")],
-              ),
-            ),
-            ts.factory.createReturnStatement(
-              ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), "buffer"),
-                undefined,
-                undefined,
-              ),
-            ),
-          ],
-          true,
-        ),
-      ),
-    };
-  };
-
-  export const write = (props: IProgrammerProps): ts.CallExpression => {
-    const functor: FunctionProgrammer = new FunctionProgrammer(
-      props.modulo.getText(),
-    );
-    const result: FeatureProgrammer.IDecomposed = decompose({
-      ...props,
-      functor,
-    });
-    return FeatureProgrammer.writeDecomposed({
-      modulo: props.modulo,
-      functor,
-      result,
-    });
-  };
-
-  const write_encoder = (props: {
-    context: ITypiaContext;
-    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
-    collection: MetadataCollection;
-    metadata: Metadata;
-  }): ts.ArrowFunction => {
-    const functors = props.collection
-      .objects()
-      .filter((obj) => ProtobufUtil.isStaticObject(obj))
-      .map((object) =>
-        StatementFactory.constant({
-          name: `${PREFIX}o${object.index}`,
-          value: write_object_function({
-            context: props.context,
-            functor: props.functor,
-            input: ts.factory.createIdentifier("input"),
-            object,
-            explore: {
-              source: "function",
-              from: "object",
-              tracable: false,
-              postfix: "",
-            },
-          }),
-        }),
-      );
-    const main: ts.Block = decode({
-      context: props.context,
-      functor: props.functor,
-      index: null,
-      input: ts.factory.createIdentifier("input"),
-      metadata: props.metadata,
-      explore: {
-        source: "top",
-        from: "top",
-        tracable: false,
-        postfix: "",
-      },
-    });
-    return ts.factory.createArrowFunction(
-      undefined,
-      undefined,
-      [
-        IdentifierFactory.parameter("writer"),
-        IdentifierFactory.parameter("input"),
-      ],
-      TypeFactory.keyword("any"),
-      undefined,
-      ts.factory.createBlock(
-        [
-          ...props.functor.declareUnions(),
-          ...functors,
-          ...IsProgrammer.write_function_statements(props),
-          ...main.statements,
-          ts.factory.createReturnStatement(
-            ts.factory.createIdentifier("writer"),
-          ),
-        ],
-        true,
-      ),
-    );
-  };
-
-  const write_object_function = (props: {
-    context: ITypiaContext;
-    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
-    input: ts.Expression;
-    object: MetadataObject;
-    explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore;
-  }): ts.ArrowFunction => {
-    let index: number = 1;
-    const body: ts.Statement[] = props.object.properties
-      .map((p) => {
-        const block = decode({
-          ...props,
-          index,
-          input: IdentifierFactory.access(props.input, p.key.getSoleLiteral()!),
-          metadata: p.value,
-        });
-        index += ProtobufUtil.size(p.value);
-        return [
-          ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
-            ts.factory.createIdentifier(
-              `// property "${p.key.getSoleLiteral()!}"`,
-            ),
-          ),
-          ...block.statements,
-        ];
-      })
-      .flat();
-    return ts.factory.createArrowFunction(
-      undefined,
-      undefined,
-      [IdentifierFactory.parameter("input")],
-      TypeFactory.keyword("any"),
-      undefined,
-      ts.factory.createBlock(body, true),
-    );
-  };
-
-  /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-        DECODERS
-    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-  const decode = (props: {
-    context: ITypiaContext;
-    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
-    index: number | null;
-    input: ts.Expression;
-    metadata: Metadata;
-    explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore;
-  }): ts.Block => {
-    const wrapper: (block: ts.Block) => ts.Block =
-      props.metadata.isRequired() && props.metadata.nullable === false
-        ? (block) => block
-        : props.metadata.isRequired() === false &&
-            props.metadata.nullable === true
-          ? (block) =>
-              ts.factory.createBlock(
-                [
-                  ts.factory.createIfStatement(
-                    ts.factory.createLogicalAnd(
-                      ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
-                        ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined"),
-                        props.input,
-                      ),
-                      ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
-                        ts.factory.createNull(),
-                        props.input,
-                      ),
-                    ),
-                    block,
-                  ),
-                ],
-                true,
-              )
-          : props.metadata.isRequired() === false
-            ? (block) =>
-                ts.factory.createBlock(
-                  [
-                    ts.factory.createIfStatement(
-                      ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
-                        ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined"),
-                        props.input,
-                      ),
-                      block,
-                    ),
-                  ],
-                  true,
-                )
-            : (block) =>
-                ts.factory.createBlock(
-                  [
-                    ts.factory.createIfStatement(
-                      ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
-                        ts.factory.createNull(),
-                        props.input,
-                      ),
-                      block,
-                    ),
-                  ],
-                  true,
-                );
-
-    // STARTS FROM ATOMIC TYPES
-    const unions: IUnion[] = [];
-    const numbers = ProtobufUtil.getNumbers(props.metadata);
-    const bigints = ProtobufUtil.getBigints(props.metadata);
-
-    for (const atom of ProtobufUtil.getAtomics(props.metadata))
-      if (atom === "bool")
-        unions.push({
-          type: "bool",
-          is: () =>
-            ts.factory.createStrictEquality(
-              ts.factory.createStringLiteral("boolean"),
-              ts.factory.createTypeOfExpression(props.input),
-            ),
-          value: (index) =>
-            decode_bool({
-              index,
-              input: props.input,
-            }),
-        });
-      else if (
-        atom === "int32" ||
-        atom === "uint32" ||
-        atom === "float" ||
-        atom === "double"
-      )
-        unions.push(
-          decode_number({
-            candidates: numbers,
-            type: atom,
-            input: props.input,
-          }),
-        );
-      else if (atom === "int64" || atom === "uint64")
-        if (numbers.some((n) => n === atom))
-          unions.push(
-            decode_number({
-              candidates: numbers,
-              type: atom,
-              input: props.input,
-            }),
-          );
-        else
-          unions.push(
-            decode_bigint({
-              candidates: bigints,
-              type: atom,
-              input: props.input,
-            }),
-          );
-      else if (atom === "string")
-        unions.push({
-          type: "string",
-          is: () =>
-            ts.factory.createStrictEquality(
-              ts.factory.createStringLiteral("string"),
-              ts.factory.createTypeOfExpression(props.input),
-            ),
-          value: (index) =>
-            decode_bytes({
-              method: "string",
-              index: index!,
-              input: props.input,
-            }),
-        });
-
-    // CONSIDER BYTES
-    if (props.metadata.natives.length)
-      unions.push({
-        type: "bytes",
-        is: () => ExpressionFactory.isInstanceOf("Uint8Array", props.input),
-        value: (index) =>
-          decode_bytes({
-            method: "bytes",
-            index: index!,
-            input: props.input,
-          }),
-      });
-
-    // CONSIDER ARRAYS
-    if (props.metadata.arrays.length)
-      unions.push({
-        type: "array",
-        is: () => ExpressionFactory.isArray(props.input),
-        value: (index) =>
-          decode_array({
-            ...props,
-            array: props.metadata.arrays[0]!,
-            explore: {
-              ...props.explore,
-              from: "array",
-            },
-            index: index!,
-          }),
-      });
-
-    // CONSIDER MAPS
-    if (props.metadata.maps.length)
-      unions.push({
-        type: "map",
-        is: () => ExpressionFactory.isInstanceOf("Map", props.input),
-        value: (index) =>
-          decode_map({
-            ...props,
-            index: index!,
-            entry: props.metadata.maps[0]!,
-            explore: {
-              ...props.explore,
-              from: "array",
-            },
-          }),
-      });
-
-    // CONSIDER OBJECTS
-    if (props.metadata.objects.length)
-      unions.push({
-        type: "object",
-        is: () =>
-          ExpressionFactory.isObject({
-            checkNull: true,
-            checkArray: false,
-            input: props.input,
-          }),
-        value: (index) =>
-          explore_objects({
-            ...props,
-            level: 0,
-            index,
-            objects: props.metadata.objects,
-            explore: {
-              ...props.explore,
-              from: "object",
-            },
-          }),
-      });
-
-    // RETURNS
-    if (unions.length === 1) return wrapper(unions[0]!.value(props.index));
-    else
-      return wrapper(
-        iterate({
-          context: props.context,
-          functor: props.functor,
-          index: props.index,
-          unions,
-          expected: props.metadata.getName(),
-          input: props.input,
-        }),
-      );
-  };
-
-  const iterate = (props: {
-    context: ITypiaContext;
-    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
-    index: number | null;
-    unions: IUnion[];
-    expected: string;
-    input: ts.Expression;
-  }) =>
-    ts.factory.createBlock(
-      [
-        props.unions
-          .map((u, i) =>
-            ts.factory.createIfStatement(
-              u.is(),
-              u.value(props.index ? props.index + i : null),
-              i === props.unions.length - 1
-                ? create_throw_error(props)
-                : undefined,
-            ),
-          )
-          .reverse()
-          .reduce((a, b) =>
-            ts.factory.createIfStatement(b.expression, b.thenStatement, a),
-          ),
-      ],
-      true,
-    );
-
-  const decode_map = (props: {
-    context: ITypiaContext;
-    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
-    index: number;
-    input: ts.Expression;
-    entry: Metadata.Entry;
-    explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore;
-  }): ts.Block => {
-    const each: ts.Statement[] = [
-      ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
-        decode_tag({
-          wire: ProtobufWire.LEN,
-          index: props.index,
-        }),
-      ),
-      ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
-        ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-          IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), "fork"),
-          undefined,
-          undefined,
-        ),
-      ),
-      ...decode({
-        ...props,
-        index: 1,
-        input: ts.factory.createIdentifier("key"),
-        metadata: props.entry.key,
-      }).statements,
-      ...decode({
-        ...props,
-        index: 2,
-        input: ts.factory.createIdentifier("value"),
-        metadata: props.entry.value,
-      }).statements,
-      ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
-        ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-          IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), "ldelim"),
-          undefined,
-          undefined,
-        ),
-      ),
-    ];
-    return ts.factory.createBlock(
-      [
-        ts.factory.createForOfStatement(
-          undefined,
-          StatementFactory.entry({
-            key: "key",
-            value: "value",
-          }),
-          props.input,
-          ts.factory.createBlock(each),
-        ),
-      ],
-      true,
-    );
-  };
-
-  const decode_object = (props: {
-    context: ITypiaContext;
-    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
-    index: number | null;
-    input: ts.Expression;
-    object: MetadataObject;
-    explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore;
-  }): ts.Block => {
-    const top: MetadataProperty = props.object.properties[0]!;
-    if (top.key.isSoleLiteral() === false)
-      return decode_map({
-        ...props,
-        index: props.index!,
-        input: ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-          ts.factory.createIdentifier("Object.entries"),
-          [],
-          [props.input],
-        ),
-        entry: MetadataProperty.create({
-          ...top,
-          key: (() => {
-            const key: Metadata = Metadata.initialize();
-            key.atomics.push(
-              MetadataAtomic.create({
-                type: "string",
-                tags: [],
-              }),
-            );
-            return key;
-          })(),
-        }),
-      });
-    return ts.factory.createBlock(
-      [
-        ts.factory.createIdentifier(
-          `//${props.index !== null ? ` ${props.index} -> ` : ""}${props.object.name}`,
-        ),
-        ...(props.index !== null
-          ? [
-              decode_tag({
-                wire: ProtobufWire.LEN,
-                index: props.index,
-              }),
-              ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), "fork"),
-                undefined,
-                undefined,
-              ),
-            ]
-          : []),
-        ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-          ts.factory.createIdentifier(
-            props.functor.useLocal(`${PREFIX}o${props.object.index}`),
-          ),
-          [],
-          [props.input],
-        ),
-        ...(props.index !== null
-          ? [
-              ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), "ldelim"),
-                undefined,
-                undefined,
-              ),
-            ]
-          : []),
-      ].map((expr) => ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(expr)),
-      true,
-    );
-  };
-
-  const decode_array = (props: {
-    context: ITypiaContext;
-    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
-    index: number;
-    input: ts.Expression;
-    array: MetadataArray;
-    explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore;
-  }): ts.Block => {
-    const wire = get_standalone_wire(props.array.type.value);
-    const forLoop = (index: number | null) =>
-      ts.factory.createForOfStatement(
-        undefined,
-        ts.factory.createVariableDeclarationList(
-          [ts.factory.createVariableDeclaration("elem")],
-          ts.NodeFlags.Const,
-        ),
-        props.input,
-        decode({
-          ...props,
-          input: ts.factory.createIdentifier("elem"),
-          index,
-          metadata: props.array.type.value,
-        }),
-      );
-    const length = (block: ts.Block) =>
-      ts.factory.createBlock(
-        [
-          ts.factory.createIfStatement(
-            ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
-              ExpressionFactory.number(0),
-              IdentifierFactory.access(props.input, "length"),
-            ),
-            block,
-          ),
-        ],
-        true,
-      );
-
-    if (wire === ProtobufWire.LEN)
-      return length(ts.factory.createBlock([forLoop(props.index)], true));
-    return length(
-      ts.factory.createBlock(
-        [
-          ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
-            decode_tag({
-              wire: ProtobufWire.LEN,
-              index: props.index,
-            }),
-          ),
-          ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
-            ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-              IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), "fork"),
-              undefined,
-              undefined,
-            ),
-          ),
-          forLoop(null),
-          ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
-            ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-              IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), "ldelim"),
-              undefined,
-              undefined,
-            ),
-          ),
-        ],
-        true,
-      ),
-    );
-  };
-
-  const decode_bool = (props: { index: number | null; input: ts.Expression }) =>
-    ts.factory.createBlock(
-      [
-        ...(props.index !== null
-          ? [
-              decode_tag({
-                wire: ProtobufWire.VARIANT,
-                index: props.index,
-              }),
-            ]
-          : []),
-        ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-          IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), "bool"),
-          undefined,
-          [props.input],
-        ),
-      ].map((exp) => ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(exp)),
-      true,
-    );
-
-  const decode_number = (props: {
-    candidates: ProtobufAtomic.Numeric[];
-    type: ProtobufAtomic.Numeric;
-    input: ts.Expression;
-  }): IUnion => ({
-    type: props.type,
-    is: () =>
-      props.candidates.length === 1
-        ? ts.factory.createStrictEquality(
-            ts.factory.createStringLiteral("number"),
-            ts.factory.createTypeOfExpression(props.input),
-          )
-        : ts.factory.createLogicalAnd(
-            ts.factory.createStrictEquality(
-              ts.factory.createStringLiteral("number"),
-              ts.factory.createTypeOfExpression(props.input),
-            ),
-            NumericRangeFactory.number(props.type, props.input),
-          ),
-    value: (index) =>
-      ts.factory.createBlock(
-        [
-          ...(index !== null
-            ? [
-                decode_tag({
-                  wire: get_numeric_wire(props.type),
-                  index,
-                }),
-              ]
-            : []),
-          ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-            IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), props.type),
-            undefined,
-            [props.input],
-          ),
-        ].map((exp) => ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(exp)),
-        true,
-      ),
-  });
-
-  const decode_bigint = (props: {
-    candidates: ProtobufAtomic.BigNumeric[];
-    type: ProtobufAtomic.BigNumeric;
-    input: ts.Expression;
-  }): IUnion => ({
-    type: props.type,
-    is: () =>
-      props.candidates.length === 1
-        ? ts.factory.createStrictEquality(
-            ts.factory.createStringLiteral("bigint"),
-            ts.factory.createTypeOfExpression(props.input),
-          )
-        : ts.factory.createLogicalAnd(
-            ts.factory.createStrictEquality(
-              ts.factory.createStringLiteral("bigint"),
-              ts.factory.createTypeOfExpression(props.input),
-            ),
-            NumericRangeFactory.bigint(props.type, props.input),
-          ),
-    value: (index) =>
-      ts.factory.createBlock(
-        [
-          ...(index !== null
-            ? [
-                decode_tag({
-                  wire: ProtobufWire.VARIANT,
-                  index,
-                }),
-              ]
-            : []),
-          ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-            IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), props.type),
-            undefined,
-            [props.input],
-          ),
-        ].map((exp) => ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(exp)),
-        true,
-      ),
-  });
-
-  const decode_bytes = (props: {
-    method: "bytes" | "string";
-    index: number;
-    input: ts.Expression;
-  }): ts.Block =>
-    ts.factory.createBlock(
-      [
-        decode_tag({
-          wire: ProtobufWire.LEN,
-          index: props.index,
-        }),
-        ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-          IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), props.method),
-          undefined,
-          [props.input],
-        ),
-      ].map((expr) => ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(expr)),
-      true,
-    );
-
-  const decode_tag = (props: {
-    wire: ProtobufWire;
-    index: number;
-  }): ts.CallExpression =>
-    ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-      IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), "uint32"),
-      undefined,
-      [ExpressionFactory.number((props.index << 3) | props.wire)],
-    );
-
-  const get_standalone_wire = (metadata: Metadata): ProtobufWire => {
-    if (
-      metadata.arrays.length ||
-      metadata.objects.length ||
-      metadata.maps.length ||
-      metadata.natives.length
-    )
-      return ProtobufWire.LEN;
-
-    const v = ProtobufUtil.getAtomics(metadata)[0]!;
-    if (v === "string") return ProtobufWire.LEN;
-    else if (
-      v === "bool" ||
-      v === "int32" ||
-      v === "uint32" ||
-      v === "int64" ||
-      v === "uint64"
-    )
-      return ProtobufWire.VARIANT;
-    else if (v === "float") return ProtobufWire.I32;
-    return ProtobufWire.I64;
-  };
-
-  const get_numeric_wire = (type: ProtobufAtomic.Numeric) =>
-    type === "double"
-      ? ProtobufWire.I64
-      : type === "float"
-        ? ProtobufWire.I32
-        : ProtobufWire.VARIANT;
-
-  /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-        EXPLORERS
-    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-  const explore_objects = (props: {
-    context: ITypiaContext;
-    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
-    level: number;
-    index: number | null;
-    input: ts.Expression;
-    objects: MetadataObject[];
-    explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore;
-    indexes?: Map<MetadataObject, number>;
-  }): ts.Block => {
-    if (props.objects.length === 1)
-      return decode_object({
-        context: props.context,
-        functor: props.functor,
-        index: props.indexes
-          ? props.indexes.get(props.objects[0]!)!
-          : props.index,
-        input: props.input,
-        object: props.objects[0]!,
-        explore: props.explore,
-      });
-
-    const expected: string = `(${props.objects.map((t) => t.name).join(" | ")})`;
-
-    // POSSIBLE TO SPECIALIZE?
-    const specList: UnionPredicator.ISpecialized[] = UnionPredicator.object(
-      props.objects,
-    );
-    const indexes: Map<MetadataObject, number> =
-      props.indexes ??
-      new Map(props.objects.map((t, i) => [t, props.index! + i]));
-
-    if (specList.length === 0) {
-      const condition: ts.Expression = decode_union_object({
-        checker: (v) =>
-          IsProgrammer.decode_object({
-            context: props.context,
-            functor: props.functor,
-            object: v.object,
-            input: v.input,
-            explore: v.explore,
-          }),
-        decoder: (v) =>
-          ExpressionFactory.selfCall(
-            decode_object({
-              context: props.context,
-              functor: props.functor,
-              index: indexes.get(v.object)!,
-              input: v.input,
-              object: v.object,
-              explore: v.explore,
-            }),
-          ),
-        success: (expr) => expr,
-        escaper: (v) =>
-          create_throw_error({
-            context: props.context,
-            functor: props.functor,
-            expected: v.expected,
-            input: v.input,
-          }),
-        input: props.input,
-        objects: props.objects,
-        explore: props.explore,
-      });
-      return StatementFactory.block(condition);
-    }
-    const remained: MetadataObject[] = props.objects.filter(
-      (t) => specList.find((s) => s.object === t) === undefined,
-    );
-
-    // DO SPECIALIZE
-    const condition: ts.IfStatement = specList
-      .filter((spec) => spec.property.key.getSoleLiteral() !== null)
-      .map((spec, i, array) => {
-        const key: string = spec.property.key.getSoleLiteral()!;
-        const accessor: ts.Expression = IdentifierFactory.access(
-          props.input,
-          key,
-        );
-        const pred: ts.Expression = spec.neighbour
-          ? IsProgrammer.decode({
-              context: props.context,
-              functor: props.functor,
-              input: accessor,
-              metadata: spec.property.value,
-              explore: {
-                ...props.explore,
-                tracable: false,
-                postfix: IdentifierFactory.postfix(key),
-              },
-            })
-          : ExpressionFactory.isRequired(accessor);
-        return ts.factory.createIfStatement(
-          pred,
-          ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
-            ExpressionFactory.selfCall(
-              decode_object({
-                context: props.context,
-                functor: props.functor,
-                index: indexes.get(spec.object)!,
-                input: props.input,
-                object: spec.object,
-                explore: props.explore,
-              }),
-            ),
-          ),
-          i === array.length - 1
-            ? remained.length
-              ? ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
-                  ExpressionFactory.selfCall(
-                    explore_objects({
-                      context: props.context,
-                      functor: props.functor,
-                      level: props.level + 1,
-                      index: props.index,
-                      input: props.input,
-                      objects: remained,
-                      explore: props.explore,
-                      indexes,
-                    }),
-                  ),
-                )
-              : create_throw_error({
-                  context: props.context,
-                  functor: props.functor,
-                  input: props.input,
-                  expected,
-                })
-            : undefined,
-        );
-      })
-      .reverse()
-      .reduce((a, b) =>
-        ts.factory.createIfStatement(b.expression, b.thenStatement, a),
-      );
-
-    // RETURNS WITH CONDITIONS
-    return ts.factory.createBlock([condition], true);
-  };
-
-  /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-        CONFIGURATIONS
-    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-  const PREFIX = "$pe";
-
-  const create_throw_error = (props: {
-    context: ITypiaContext;
-    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
-    expected: string;
-    input: ts.Expression;
-  }) =>
-    ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
-      ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-        props.context.importer.internal("throwTypeGuardError"),
-        [],
-        [
-          ts.factory.createObjectLiteralExpression(
-            [
-              ts.factory.createPropertyAssignment(
-                "method",
-                ts.factory.createStringLiteral(props.functor.method),
-              ),
-              ts.factory.createPropertyAssignment(
-                "expected",
-                ts.factory.createStringLiteral(props.expected),
-              ),
-              ts.factory.createPropertyAssignment("value", props.input),
-            ],
-            true,
-          ),
-        ],
-      ),
-    );
-}
-
-const WRITER = () => ts.factory.createIdentifier("writer");
-
-interface IUnion {
-  type: string;
-  is: () => ts.Expression;
-  value: (index: number | null) => ts.Block;
-}
+import ts from "typescript";
+
+import { ExpressionFactory } from "../../factories/ExpressionFactory";
+import { IdentifierFactory } from "../../factories/IdentifierFactory";
+import { MetadataCollection } from "../../factories/MetadataCollection";
+import { NumericRangeFactory } from "../../factories/NumericRangeFactory";
+import { ProtobufFactory } from "../../factories/ProtobufFactory";
+import { StatementFactory } from "../../factories/StatementFactory";
+import { TypeFactory } from "../../factories/TypeFactory";
+
+import { Metadata } from "../../schemas/metadata/Metadata";
+import { MetadataArray } from "../../schemas/metadata/MetadataArray";
+import { MetadataAtomic } from "../../schemas/metadata/MetadataAtomic";
+import { MetadataObject } from "../../schemas/metadata/MetadataObject";
+import { MetadataProperty } from "../../schemas/metadata/MetadataProperty";
+
+import { IProgrammerProps } from "../../transformers/IProgrammerProps";
+import { ITypiaContext } from "../../transformers/ITypiaContext";
+
+import { ProtobufAtomic } from "../../typings/ProtobufAtomic";
+
+import { FeatureProgrammer } from "../FeatureProgrammer";
+import { IsProgrammer } from "../IsProgrammer";
+import { FunctionProgrammer } from "../helpers/FunctionProgrammer";
+import { ProtobufUtil } from "../helpers/ProtobufUtil";
+import { ProtobufWire } from "../helpers/ProtobufWire";
+import { UnionPredicator } from "../helpers/UnionPredicator";
+import { decode_union_object } from "../internal/decode_union_object";
+
+export namespace ProtobufEncodeProgrammer {
+  export const decompose = (props: {
+    context: ITypiaContext;
+    modulo: ts.LeftHandSideExpression;
+    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
+    type: ts.Type;
+    name: string | undefined;
+  }): FeatureProgrammer.IDecomposed => {
+    const collection: MetadataCollection = new MetadataCollection();
+    const metadata: Metadata = ProtobufFactory.metadata({
+      method: props.modulo.getText(),
+      checker: props.context.checker,
+      transformer: props.context.transformer,
+      collection,
+      type: props.type,
+    });
+
+    const callEncoder = (writer: string, factory: ts.NewExpression) =>
+      StatementFactory.constant({
+        name: writer,
+        value: ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+          ts.factory.createIdentifier("encoder"),
+          undefined,
+          [factory, ts.factory.createIdentifier("input")],
+        ),
+      });
+    return {
+      functions: {
+        encoder: StatementFactory.constant({
+          name: props.functor.useLocal("encoder"),
+          value: write_encoder({
+            context: props.context,
+            functor: props.functor,
+            collection,
+            metadata,
+          }),
+        }),
+      },
+      statements: [],
+      arrow: ts.factory.createArrowFunction(
+        undefined,
+        undefined,
+        [
+          IdentifierFactory.parameter(
+            "input",
+            ts.factory.createTypeReferenceNode(
+              props.name ??
+                TypeFactory.getFullName({
+                  checker: props.context.checker,
+                  type: props.type,
+                }),
+            ),
+          ),
+        ],
+        ts.factory.createTypeReferenceNode("Uint8Array"),
+        undefined,
+        ts.factory.createBlock(
+          [
+            callEncoder(
+              "sizer",
+              ts.factory.createNewExpression(
+                props.context.importer.internal("ProtobufSizer"),
+                undefined,
+                [],
+              ),
+            ),
+            callEncoder(
+              "writer",
+              ts.factory.createNewExpression(
+                props.context.importer.internal("ProtobufWriter"),
+                undefined,
+                [ts.factory.createIdentifier("sizer")],
+              ),
+            ),
+            ts.factory.createReturnStatement(
+              ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), "buffer"),
+                undefined,
+                undefined,
+              ),
+            ),
+          ],
+          true,
+        ),
+      ),
+    };
+  };
+
+  export const write = (props: IProgrammerProps): ts.CallExpression => {
+    const functor: FunctionProgrammer = new FunctionProgrammer(
+      props.modulo.getText(),
+    );
+    const result: FeatureProgrammer.IDecomposed = decompose({
+      ...props,
+      functor,
+    });
+    return FeatureProgrammer.writeDecomposed({
+      modulo: props.modulo,
+      functor,
+      result,
+    });
+  };
+
+  const write_encoder = (props: {
+    context: ITypiaContext;
+    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
+    collection: MetadataCollection;
+    metadata: Metadata;
+  }): ts.ArrowFunction => {
+    const functors = props.collection
+      .objects()
+      .filter((obj) => ProtobufUtil.isStaticObject(obj))
+      .map((object) =>
+        StatementFactory.constant({
+          name: `${PREFIX}o${object.index}`,
+          value: write_object_function({
+            context: props.context,
+            functor: props.functor,
+            input: ts.factory.createIdentifier("input"),
+            object,
+            explore: {
+              source: "function",
+              from: "object",
+              tracable: false,
+              postfix: "",
+            },
+          }),
+        }),
+      );
+    const main: ts.Block = decode({
+      context: props.context,
+      functor: props.functor,
+      index: null,
+      input: ts.factory.createIdentifier("input"),
+      metadata: props.metadata,
+      explore: {
+        source: "top",
+        from: "top",
+        tracable: false,
+        postfix: "",
+      },
+    });
+    return ts.factory.createArrowFunction(
+      undefined,
+      undefined,
+      [
+        IdentifierFactory.parameter("writer"),
+        IdentifierFactory.parameter("input"),
+      ],
+      TypeFactory.keyword("any"),
+      undefined,
+      ts.factory.createBlock(
+        [
+          ...props.functor.declareUnions(),
+          ...functors,
+          ...IsProgrammer.write_function_statements(props),
+          ...main.statements,
+          ts.factory.createReturnStatement(
+            ts.factory.createIdentifier("writer"),
+          ),
+        ],
+        true,
+      ),
+    );
+  };
+
+  const write_object_function = (props: {
+    context: ITypiaContext;
+    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
+    input: ts.Expression;
+    object: MetadataObject;
+    explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore;
+  }): ts.ArrowFunction => {
+    let index: number = 1;
+    const body: ts.Statement[] = props.object.properties
+      .map((p) => {
+        const block = decode({
+          ...props,
+          index,
+          input: IdentifierFactory.access(props.input, p.key.getSoleLiteral()!),
+          metadata: p.value,
+        });
+        index += ProtobufUtil.size(p.value);
+        return [
+          ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
+            ts.factory.createIdentifier(
+              `// property "${p.key.getSoleLiteral()!}"`,
+            ),
+          ),
+          ...block.statements,
+        ];
+      })
+      .flat();
+    return ts.factory.createArrowFunction(
+      undefined,
+      undefined,
+      [IdentifierFactory.parameter("input")],
+      TypeFactory.keyword("any"),
+      undefined,
+      ts.factory.createBlock(body, true),
+    );
+  };
+
+  /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+        DECODERS
+    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+  const decode = (props: {
+    context: ITypiaContext;
+    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
+    index: number | null;
+    input: ts.Expression;
+    metadata: Metadata;
+    explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore;
+  }): ts.Block => {
+    const wrapper: (block: ts.Block) => ts.Block =
+      props.metadata.isRequired() && props.metadata.nullable === false
+        ? (block) => block
+        : props.metadata.isRequired() === false &&
+            props.metadata.nullable === true
+          ? (block) =>
+              ts.factory.createBlock(
+                [
+                  ts.factory.createIfStatement(
+                    ts.factory.createLogicalAnd(
+                      ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
+                        ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined"),
+                        props.input,
+                      ),
+                      ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
+                        ts.factory.createNull(),
+                        props.input,
+                      ),
+                    ),
+                    block,
+                  ),
+                ],
+                true,
+              )
+          : props.metadata.isRequired() === false
+            ? (block) =>
+                ts.factory.createBlock(
+                  [
+                    ts.factory.createIfStatement(
+                      ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
+                        ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined"),
+                        props.input,
+                      ),
+                      block,
+                    ),
+                  ],
+                  true,
+                )
+            : (block) =>
+                ts.factory.createBlock(
+                  [
+                    ts.factory.createIfStatement(
+                      ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
+                        ts.factory.createNull(),
+                        props.input,
+                      ),
+                      block,
+                    ),
+                  ],
+                  true,
+                );
+
+    // STARTS FROM ATOMIC TYPES
+    const unions: IUnion[] = [];
+    const numbers = ProtobufUtil.getNumbers(props.metadata);
+    const bigints = ProtobufUtil.getBigints(props.metadata);
+
+    for (const atom of ProtobufUtil.getAtomics(props.metadata))
+      if (atom === "bool")
+        unions.push({
+          type: "bool",
+          is: () =>
+            ts.factory.createStrictEquality(
+              ts.factory.createStringLiteral("boolean"),
+              ts.factory.createTypeOfExpression(props.input),
+            ),
+          value: (index) =>
+            decode_bool({
+              index,
+              input: props.input,
+            }),
+        });
+      else if (
+        atom === "int32" ||
+        atom === "uint32" ||
+        atom === "float" ||
+        atom === "double"
+      )
+        unions.push(
+          decode_number({
+            candidates: numbers,
+            type: atom,
+            input: props.input,
+          }),
+        );
+      else if (atom === "int64" || atom === "uint64")
+        if (numbers.some((n) => n === atom))
+          unions.push(
+            decode_number({
+              candidates: numbers,
+              type: atom,
+              input: props.input,
+            }),
+          );
+        else
+          unions.push(
+            decode_bigint({
+              candidates: bigints,
+              type: atom,
+              input: props.input,
+            }),
+          );
+      else if (atom === "string")
+        unions.push({
+          type: "string",
+          is: () =>
+            ts.factory.createStrictEquality(
+              ts.factory.createStringLiteral("string"),
+              ts.factory.createTypeOfExpression(props.input),
+            ),
+          value: (index) =>
+            decode_bytes({
+              method: "string",
+              index: index!,
+              input: props.input,
+            }),
+        });
+
+    // CONSIDER BYTES
+    if (props.metadata.natives.length)
+      unions.push({
+        type: "bytes",
+        is: () => ExpressionFactory.isInstanceOf("Uint8Array", props.input),
+        value: (index) =>
+          decode_bytes({
+            method: "bytes",
+            index: index!,
+            input: props.input,
+          }),
+      });
+
+    // CONSIDER ARRAYS
+    if (props.metadata.arrays.length)
+      unions.push({
+        type: "array",
+        is: () => ExpressionFactory.isArray(props.input),
+        value: (index) =>
+          decode_array({
+            ...props,
+            array: props.metadata.arrays[0]!,
+            explore: {
+              ...props.explore,
+              from: "array",
+            },
+            index: index!,
+          }),
+      });
+
+    // CONSIDER MAPS
+    if (props.metadata.maps.length)
+      unions.push({
+        type: "map",
+        is: () => ExpressionFactory.isInstanceOf("Map", props.input),
+        value: (index) =>
+          decode_map({
+            ...props,
+            index: index!,
+            entry: props.metadata.maps[0]!,
+            explore: {
+              ...props.explore,
+              from: "array",
+            },
+          }),
+      });
+
+    // CONSIDER OBJECTS
+    if (props.metadata.objects.length)
+      unions.push({
+        type: "object",
+        is: () =>
+          ExpressionFactory.isObject({
+            checkNull: true,
+            checkArray: false,
+            input: props.input,
+          }),
+        value: (index) =>
+          explore_objects({
+            ...props,
+            level: 0,
+            index,
+            objects: props.metadata.objects,
+            explore: {
+              ...props.explore,
+              from: "object",
+            },
+          }),
+      });
+
+    // RETURNS
+    if (unions.length === 1) return wrapper(unions[0]!.value(props.index));
+    else
+      return wrapper(
+        iterate({
+          context: props.context,
+          functor: props.functor,
+          index: props.index,
+          unions,
+          expected: props.metadata.getName(),
+          input: props.input,
+        }),
+      );
+  };
+
+  const iterate = (props: {
+    context: ITypiaContext;
+    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
+    index: number | null;
+    unions: IUnion[];
+    expected: string;
+    input: ts.Expression;
+  }) =>
+    ts.factory.createBlock(
+      [
+        props.unions
+          .map((u, i) =>
+            ts.factory.createIfStatement(
+              u.is(),
+              u.value(props.index ? props.index + i : null),
+              i === props.unions.length - 1
+                ? create_throw_error(props)
+                : undefined,
+            ),
+          )
+          .reverse()
+          .reduce((a, b) =>
+            ts.factory.createIfStatement(b.expression, b.thenStatement, a),
+          ),
+      ],
+      true,
+    );
+
+  const decode_map = (props: {
+    context: ITypiaContext;
+    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
+    index: number;
+    input: ts.Expression;
+    entry: Metadata.Entry;
+    explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore;
+  }): ts.Block => {
+    const each: ts.Statement[] = [
+      ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
+        decode_tag({
+          wire: ProtobufWire.LEN,
+          index: props.index,
+        }),
+      ),
+      ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
+        ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+          IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), "fork"),
+          undefined,
+          undefined,
+        ),
+      ),
+      ...decode({
+        ...props,
+        index: 1,
+        input: ts.factory.createIdentifier("key"),
+        metadata: props.entry.key,
+      }).statements,
+      ...decode({
+        ...props,
+        index: 2,
+        input: ts.factory.createIdentifier("value"),
+        metadata: props.entry.value,
+      }).statements,
+      ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
+        ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+          IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), "ldelim"),
+          undefined,
+          undefined,
+        ),
+      ),
+    ];
+    return ts.factory.createBlock(
+      [
+        ts.factory.createForOfStatement(
+          undefined,
+          StatementFactory.entry({
+            key: "key",
+            value: "value",
+          }),
+          props.input,
+          ts.factory.createBlock(each),
+        ),
+      ],
+      true,
+    );
+  };
+
+  const decode_object = (props: {
+    context: ITypiaContext;
+    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
+    index: number | null;
+    input: ts.Expression;
+    object: MetadataObject;
+    explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore;
+  }): ts.Block => {
+    const top: MetadataProperty = props.object.properties[0]!;
+    if (top.key.isSoleLiteral() === false)
+      return decode_map({
+        ...props,
+        index: props.index!,
+        input: ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+          ts.factory.createIdentifier("Object.entries"),
+          [],
+          [props.input],
+        ),
+        entry: MetadataProperty.create({
+          ...top,
+          key: (() => {
+            const key: Metadata = Metadata.initialize();
+            key.atomics.push(
+              MetadataAtomic.create({
+                type: "string",
+                tags: [],
+              }),
+            );
+            return key;
+          })(),
+        }),
+      });
+    return ts.factory.createBlock(
+      [
+        ts.factory.createIdentifier(
+          `//${props.index !== null ? ` ${props.index} -> ` : ""}${props.object.name}`,
+        ),
+        ...(props.index !== null
+          ? [
+              decode_tag({
+                wire: ProtobufWire.LEN,
+                index: props.index,
+              }),
+              ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), "fork"),
+                undefined,
+                undefined,
+              ),
+            ]
+          : []),
+        ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+          ts.factory.createIdentifier(
+            props.functor.useLocal(`${PREFIX}o${props.object.index}`),
+          ),
+          [],
+          [props.input],
+        ),
+        ...(props.index !== null
+          ? [
+              ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), "ldelim"),
+                undefined,
+                undefined,
+              ),
+            ]
+          : []),
+      ].map((expr) => ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(expr)),
+      true,
+    );
+  };
+
+  const decode_array = (props: {
+    context: ITypiaContext;
+    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
+    index: number;
+    input: ts.Expression;
+    array: MetadataArray;
+    explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore;
+  }): ts.Block => {
+    const wire = get_standalone_wire(props.array.type.value);
+    const forLoop = (index: number | null) =>
+      ts.factory.createForOfStatement(
+        undefined,
+        ts.factory.createVariableDeclarationList(
+          [ts.factory.createVariableDeclaration("elem")],
+          ts.NodeFlags.Const,
+        ),
+        props.input,
+        decode({
+          ...props,
+          input: ts.factory.createIdentifier("elem"),
+          index,
+          metadata: props.array.type.value,
+        }),
+      );
+    const length = (block: ts.Block) =>
+      ts.factory.createBlock(
+        [
+          ts.factory.createIfStatement(
+            ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
+              ExpressionFactory.number(0),
+              IdentifierFactory.access(props.input, "length"),
+            ),
+            block,
+          ),
+        ],
+        true,
+      );
+
+    if (wire === ProtobufWire.LEN)
+      return length(ts.factory.createBlock([forLoop(props.index)], true));
+    return length(
+      ts.factory.createBlock(
+        [
+          ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
+            decode_tag({
+              wire: ProtobufWire.LEN,
+              index: props.index,
+            }),
+          ),
+          ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
+            ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+              IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), "fork"),
+              undefined,
+              undefined,
+            ),
+          ),
+          forLoop(null),
+          ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
+            ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+              IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), "ldelim"),
+              undefined,
+              undefined,
+            ),
+          ),
+        ],
+        true,
+      ),
+    );
+  };
+
+  const decode_bool = (props: { index: number | null; input: ts.Expression }) =>
+    ts.factory.createBlock(
+      [
+        ...(props.index !== null
+          ? [
+              decode_tag({
+                wire: ProtobufWire.VARIANT,
+                index: props.index,
+              }),
+            ]
+          : []),
+        ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+          IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), "bool"),
+          undefined,
+          [props.input],
+        ),
+      ].map((exp) => ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(exp)),
+      true,
+    );
+
+  const decode_number = (props: {
+    candidates: ProtobufAtomic.Numeric[];
+    type: ProtobufAtomic.Numeric;
+    input: ts.Expression;
+  }): IUnion => ({
+    type: props.type,
+    is: () =>
+      props.candidates.length === 1
+        ? ts.factory.createStrictEquality(
+            ts.factory.createStringLiteral("number"),
+            ts.factory.createTypeOfExpression(props.input),
+          )
+        : ts.factory.createLogicalAnd(
+            ts.factory.createStrictEquality(
+              ts.factory.createStringLiteral("number"),
+              ts.factory.createTypeOfExpression(props.input),
+            ),
+            NumericRangeFactory.number(props.type, props.input),
+          ),
+    value: (index) =>
+      ts.factory.createBlock(
+        [
+          ...(index !== null
+            ? [
+                decode_tag({
+                  wire: get_numeric_wire(props.type),
+                  index,
+                }),
+              ]
+            : []),
+          ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+            IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), props.type),
+            undefined,
+            [props.input],
+          ),
+        ].map((exp) => ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(exp)),
+        true,
+      ),
+  });
+
+  const decode_bigint = (props: {
+    candidates: ProtobufAtomic.BigNumeric[];
+    type: ProtobufAtomic.BigNumeric;
+    input: ts.Expression;
+  }): IUnion => ({
+    type: props.type,
+    is: () =>
+      props.candidates.length === 1
+        ? ts.factory.createStrictEquality(
+            ts.factory.createStringLiteral("bigint"),
+            ts.factory.createTypeOfExpression(props.input),
+          )
+        : ts.factory.createLogicalAnd(
+            ts.factory.createStrictEquality(
+              ts.factory.createStringLiteral("bigint"),
+              ts.factory.createTypeOfExpression(props.input),
+            ),
+            NumericRangeFactory.bigint(props.type, props.input),
+          ),
+    value: (index) =>
+      ts.factory.createBlock(
+        [
+          ...(index !== null
+            ? [
+                decode_tag({
+                  wire: ProtobufWire.VARIANT,
+                  index,
+                }),
+              ]
+            : []),
+          ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+            IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), props.type),
+            undefined,
+            [props.input],
+          ),
+        ].map((exp) => ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(exp)),
+        true,
+      ),
+  });
+
+  const decode_bytes = (props: {
+    method: "bytes" | "string";
+    index: number;
+    input: ts.Expression;
+  }): ts.Block =>
+    ts.factory.createBlock(
+      [
+        decode_tag({
+          wire: ProtobufWire.LEN,
+          index: props.index,
+        }),
+        ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+          IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), props.method),
+          undefined,
+          [props.input],
+        ),
+      ].map((expr) => ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(expr)),
+      true,
+    );
+
+  const decode_tag = (props: {
+    wire: ProtobufWire;
+    index: number;
+  }): ts.CallExpression =>
+    ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+      IdentifierFactory.access(WRITER(), "uint32"),
+      undefined,
+      [ExpressionFactory.number((props.index << 3) | props.wire)],
+    );
+
+  const get_standalone_wire = (metadata: Metadata): ProtobufWire => {
+    if (
+      metadata.arrays.length ||
+      metadata.objects.length ||
+      metadata.maps.length ||
+      metadata.natives.length
+    )
+      return ProtobufWire.LEN;
+
+    const v = ProtobufUtil.getAtomics(metadata)[0]!;
+    if (v === "string") return ProtobufWire.LEN;
+    else if (
+      v === "bool" ||
+      v === "int32" ||
+      v === "uint32" ||
+      v === "int64" ||
+      v === "uint64"
+    )
+      return ProtobufWire.VARIANT;
+    else if (v === "float") return ProtobufWire.I32;
+    return ProtobufWire.I64;
+  };
+
+  const get_numeric_wire = (type: ProtobufAtomic.Numeric) =>
+    type === "double"
+      ? ProtobufWire.I64
+      : type === "float"
+        ? ProtobufWire.I32
+        : ProtobufWire.VARIANT;
+
+  /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+        EXPLORERS
+    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+  const explore_objects = (props: {
+    context: ITypiaContext;
+    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
+    level: number;
+    index: number | null;
+    input: ts.Expression;
+    objects: MetadataObject[];
+    explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore;
+    indexes?: Map<MetadataObject, number>;
+  }): ts.Block => {
+    if (props.objects.length === 1)
+      return decode_object({
+        context: props.context,
+        functor: props.functor,
+        index: props.indexes
+          ? props.indexes.get(props.objects[0]!)!
+          : props.index,
+        input: props.input,
+        object: props.objects[0]!,
+        explore: props.explore,
+      });
+
+    const expected: string = `(${props.objects.map((t) => t.name).join(" | ")})`;
+
+    // POSSIBLE TO SPECIALIZE?
+    const specList: UnionPredicator.ISpecialized[] = UnionPredicator.object(
+      props.objects,
+    );
+    const indexes: Map<MetadataObject, number> =
+      props.indexes ??
+      new Map(props.objects.map((t, i) => [t, props.index! + i]));
+
+    if (specList.length === 0) {
+      const condition: ts.Expression = decode_union_object({
+        checker: (v) =>
+          IsProgrammer.decode_object({
+            context: props.context,
+            functor: props.functor,
+            object: v.object,
+            input: v.input,
+            explore: v.explore,
+          }),
+        decoder: (v) =>
+          ExpressionFactory.selfCall(
+            decode_object({
+              context: props.context,
+              functor: props.functor,
+              index: indexes.get(v.object)!,
+              input: v.input,
+              object: v.object,
+              explore: v.explore,
+            }),
+          ),
+        success: (expr) => expr,
+        escaper: (v) =>
+          create_throw_error({
+            context: props.context,
+            functor: props.functor,
+            expected: v.expected,
+            input: v.input,
+          }),
+        input: props.input,
+        objects: props.objects,
+        explore: props.explore,
+      });
+      return StatementFactory.block(condition);
+    }
+    const remained: MetadataObject[] = props.objects.filter(
+      (t) => specList.find((s) => s.object === t) === undefined,
+    );
+
+    // DO SPECIALIZE
+    const condition: ts.IfStatement = specList
+      .filter((spec) => spec.property.key.getSoleLiteral() !== null)
+      .map((spec, i, array) => {
+        const key: string = spec.property.key.getSoleLiteral()!;
+        const accessor: ts.Expression = IdentifierFactory.access(
+          props.input,
+          key,
+        );
+        const pred: ts.Expression = spec.neighbour
+          ? IsProgrammer.decode({
+              context: props.context,
+              functor: props.functor,
+              input: accessor,
+              metadata: spec.property.value,
+              explore: {
+                ...props.explore,
+                tracable: false,
+                postfix: IdentifierFactory.postfix(key),
+              },
+            })
+          : ExpressionFactory.isRequired(accessor);
+        return ts.factory.createIfStatement(
+          pred,
+          ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
+            ExpressionFactory.selfCall(
+              decode_object({
+                context: props.context,
+                functor: props.functor,
+                index: indexes.get(spec.object)!,
+                input: props.input,
+                object: spec.object,
+                explore: props.explore,
+              }),
+            ),
+          ),
+          i === array.length - 1
+            ? remained.length
+              ? ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
+                  ExpressionFactory.selfCall(
+                    explore_objects({
+                      context: props.context,
+                      functor: props.functor,
+                      level: props.level + 1,
+                      index: props.index,
+                      input: props.input,
+                      objects: remained,
+                      explore: props.explore,
+                      indexes,
+                    }),
+                  ),
+                )
+              : create_throw_error({
+                  context: props.context,
+                  functor: props.functor,
+                  input: props.input,
+                  expected,
+                })
+            : undefined,
+        );
+      })
+      .reverse()
+      .reduce((a, b) =>
+        ts.factory.createIfStatement(b.expression, b.thenStatement, a),
+      );
+
+    // RETURNS WITH CONDITIONS
+    return ts.factory.createBlock([condition], true);
+  };
+
+  /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+        CONFIGURATIONS
+    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+  const PREFIX = "$pe";
+
+  const create_throw_error = (props: {
+    context: ITypiaContext;
+    functor: FunctionProgrammer;
+    expected: string;
+    input: ts.Expression;
+  }) =>
+    ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
+      ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+        props.context.importer.internal("throwTypeGuardError"),
+        [],
+        [
+          ts.factory.createObjectLiteralExpression(
+            [
+              ts.factory.createPropertyAssignment(
+                "method",
+                ts.factory.createStringLiteral(props.functor.method),
+              ),
+              ts.factory.createPropertyAssignment(
+                "expected",
+                ts.factory.createStringLiteral(props.expected),
+              ),
+              ts.factory.createPropertyAssignment("value", props.input),
+            ],
+            true,
+          ),
+        ],
+      ),
+    );
+}
+
+const WRITER = () => ts.factory.createIdentifier("writer");
+
+interface IUnion {
+  type: string;
+  is: () => ts.Expression;
+  value: (index: number | null) => ts.Block;
+}