typia 5.3.5-dev.20231206 → 5.3.5

package/src/schemas/metadata/Metadata.ts

@@ -1,612 +1,612 @@
-import { ClassProperties } from "../../typings/ClassProperties";
-
-import { ArrayUtil } from "../../utils/ArrayUtil";
-
-import { IMetadata } from "./IMetadata";
-import { IMetadataDictionary } from "./IMetadataDictionary";
-import { IMetadataTypeTag } from "./IMetadataTypeTag";
-import { MetadataAlias } from "./MetadataAlias";
-import { MetadataArray } from "./MetadataArray";
-import { MetadataAtomic } from "./MetadataAtomic";
-import { MetadataConstant } from "./MetadataConstant";
-import { MetadataEscaped } from "./MetadataEscaped";
-import { MetadataObject } from "./MetadataObject";
-import { MetadataTuple } from "./MetadataTuple";
-
-export class Metadata {
-  public any: boolean;
-  public required: boolean;
-  public optional: boolean;
-  public nullable: boolean;
-  public functional: boolean;
-
-  public escaped: MetadataEscaped | null;
-  public atomics: MetadataAtomic[];
-  public constants: MetadataConstant[];
-  public templates: Metadata[][];
-
-  public rest: Metadata | null;
-  public aliases: MetadataAlias[];
-  public arrays: MetadataArray[];
-  public tuples: MetadataTuple[];
-  public objects: MetadataObject[];
-
-  public natives: string[];
-  public sets: Metadata[];
-  public maps: Metadata.Entry[];
-
-  /** @internal */ private name_?: string;
-  /** @internal */ private parent_resolved_: boolean = false;
-  /** @internal */ public union_index?: number;
-  /** @internal */ public fixed_?: number | null;
-  /** @internal */ public boolean_literal_intersected_?: boolean;
-
-  /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-        CONSTRUCTORS
-    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-  /**
-   * @hidden
-   */
-  private constructor(props: ClassProperties<Metadata>) {
-    this.any = props.any;
-    this.required = props.required;
-    this.optional = props.optional;
-    this.nullable = props.nullable;
-    this.functional = props.functional;
-
-    this.escaped = props.escaped;
-    this.atomics = props.atomics;
-    this.constants = props.constants;
-    this.templates = props.templates;
-
-    this.rest = props.rest;
-    this.arrays = props.arrays;
-    this.tuples = props.tuples;
-    this.objects = props.objects;
-    this.aliases = props.aliases;
-
-    this.natives = props.natives;
-    this.sets = props.sets;
-    this.maps = props.maps;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @internal
-   */
-  public static create(props: ClassProperties<Metadata>): Metadata {
-    return new Metadata(props);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @internal
-   */
-  public static initialize(parentResolved: boolean = false): Metadata {
-    const meta: Metadata = Metadata.create({
-      any: false,
-      nullable: false,
-      required: true,
-      optional: false,
-      functional: false,
-
-      escaped: null,
-      constants: [],
-      atomics: [],
-      templates: [],
-      arrays: [],
-      tuples: [],
-      objects: [],
-      aliases: [],
-
-      rest: null,
-      natives: [],
-      sets: [],
-      maps: [],
-    });
-    meta.parent_resolved_ = parentResolved;
-    return meta;
-  }
-
-  public toJSON(): IMetadata {
-    return {
-      any: this.any,
-      required: this.required,
-      optional: this.optional,
-      nullable: this.nullable,
-      functional: this.functional,
-
-      atomics: this.atomics.map((a) => a.toJSON()),
-      constants: this.constants.map((c) => c.toJSON()),
-      templates: this.templates.map((tpl) => tpl.map((meta) => meta.toJSON())),
-      escaped: this.escaped ? this.escaped.toJSON() : null,
-
-      rest: this.rest ? this.rest.toJSON() : null,
-      arrays: this.arrays.map((array) => ({
-        name: array.type.name,
-        tags: array.tags.map((r) => r.slice()),
-      })),
-      tuples: this.tuples.map((tuple) => ({
-        name: tuple.type.name,
-        tags: tuple.tags.map((r) => r.slice()),
-      })),
-      objects: this.objects.map((obj) => obj.name),
-      aliases: this.aliases.map((alias) => alias.name),
-
-      natives: this.natives.slice(),
-      sets: this.sets.map((meta) => meta.toJSON()),
-      maps: this.maps.map((entry) => ({
-        key: entry.key.toJSON(),
-        value: entry.value.toJSON(),
-      })),
-    };
-  }
-
-  public static from(meta: IMetadata, dict: IMetadataDictionary): Metadata {
-    return Metadata.create({
-      any: meta.any,
-      required: meta.required,
-      optional: meta.optional,
-      nullable: meta.nullable,
-      functional: meta.functional,
-
-      constants: meta.constants.map(MetadataConstant.from),
-      atomics: meta.atomics.map(MetadataAtomic.from),
-      templates: meta.templates.map((tpl) =>
-        tpl.map((meta) => this.from(meta, dict)),
-      ),
-      escaped: meta.escaped ? MetadataEscaped.from(meta.escaped, dict) : null,
-
-      rest: meta.rest ? this.from(meta.rest, dict) : null,
-      arrays: meta.arrays.map((ref) => {
-        const type = dict.arrays.get(ref.name);
-        if (type === undefined)
-          throw new RangeError(
-            `Error on Metadata.from(): failed to find array "${ref.name}".`,
-          );
-        return MetadataArray.create({
-          type,
-          tags: ref.tags.map((row) => row.slice()),
-        });
-      }),
-      tuples: meta.tuples.map((t) => {
-        const type = dict.tuples.get(t.name);
-        if (type === undefined)
-          throw new RangeError(
-            `Error on Metadata.from(): failed to find tuple "${t.name}".`,
-          );
-        return MetadataTuple.create({
-          type,
-          tags: t.tags.map((r) => r.slice()),
-        });
-      }),
-      objects: meta.objects.map((name) => {
-        const found = dict.objects.get(name);
-        if (found === undefined)
-          throw new RangeError(
-            `Error on Metadata.from(): failed to find object "${name}".`,
-          );
-        return found;
-      }),
-      aliases: meta.aliases.map((alias) => {
-        const found = dict.aliases.get(alias);
-        if (found === undefined)
-          throw new RangeError(
-            `Error on Metadata.from(): failed to find alias "${alias}".`,
-          );
-        return found;
-      }),
-
-      natives: meta.natives.slice(),
-      sets: meta.sets.map((meta) => this.from(meta, dict)),
-      maps: meta.maps.map((entry) => ({
-        key: this.from(entry.key, dict),
-        value: this.from(entry.value, dict),
-      })),
-    });
-  }
-
-  /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-        ACCESSORS
-    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-  public getName(): string {
-    return (this.name_ ??= getName(this));
-  }
-
-  public empty(): boolean {
-    return this.bucket() === 0 || this.size() === 0;
-  }
-
-  public size(): number {
-    return (
-      (this.any ? 1 : 0) +
-      (this.escaped ? 1 : 0) +
-      (this.functional ? 1 : 0) +
-      (this.rest ? this.rest.size() : 0) +
-      this.templates.length +
-      this.atomics.length +
-      this.constants.map((c) => c.values.length).reduce((x, y) => x + y, 0) +
-      this.arrays.length +
-      this.tuples.length +
-      this.natives.length +
-      this.maps.length +
-      this.sets.length +
-      this.objects.length +
-      this.aliases.length
-    );
-  }
-
-  public bucket(): number {
-    return (
-      (this.any ? 1 : 0) +
-      (this.escaped ? 1 : 0) +
-      (this.functional ? 1 : 0) +
-      (this.templates.length ? 1 : 0) +
-      (this.atomics.length ? 1 : 0) +
-      (this.constants.length ? 1 : 0) +
-      (this.rest ? this.rest.size() : 0) +
-      (this.arrays.length ? 1 : 0) +
-      (this.tuples.length ? 1 : 0) +
-      (this.natives.length ? 1 : 0) +
-      (this.sets.length ? 1 : 0) +
-      (this.maps.length ? 1 : 0) +
-      (this.objects.length ? 1 : 0) +
-      (this.aliases.length ? 1 : 0)
-    );
-  }
-
-  public isConstant(): boolean {
-    return this.bucket() === (this.constants.length ? 1 : 0);
-  }
-
-  public isRequired(): boolean {
-    return this.required === true && this.optional === false;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @internal
-   */
-  public isUnionBucket(): boolean {
-    const size: number = this.bucket();
-    const emended: number =
-      !!this.atomics.length && !!this.constants.length ? size - 1 : size;
-    return emended > 1;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @internal
-   */
-  public getSoleLiteral(): string | null {
-    if (
-      this.size() === 1 &&
-      this.constants.length === 1 &&
-      this.constants[0]!.type === "string" &&
-      this.constants[0]!.values.length === 1
-    )
-      return this.constants[0]!.values[0] as string;
-    else return null;
-  }
-
-  public isSoleLiteral(): boolean {
-    return this.getSoleLiteral() !== null;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @internal
-   */
-  public isParentResolved(): boolean {
-    return this.parent_resolved_;
-  }
-}
-export namespace Metadata {
-  export const intersects = (x: Metadata, y: Metadata): boolean => {
-    // CHECK ANY & OPTIONAL
-    if (x.any || y.any) return true;
-    if (x.isRequired() === false && false === y.isRequired()) return true;
-    if (x.nullable === true && true === y.nullable) return true;
-    if (x.functional === true && y.functional === true) return true;
-
-    //----
-    // INSTANCES
-    //----
-    // ARRAYS
-    if (x.arrays.length && y.arrays.length) return true;
-    if (x.tuples.length && y.tuples.length) return true;
-    if (x.objects.length && y.objects.length) return true;
-    if (x.aliases.length && y.aliases.length) return true;
-
-    // NATIVES
-    if (x.natives.length && y.natives.length)
-      if (x.natives.some((xn) => y.natives.some((yn) => xn === yn)))
-        return true;
-
-    //----
-    // VALUES
-    //----
-    // ATOMICS
-    for (const atomic of x.atomics) {
-      if (y.atomics.some((ya) => atomic.type === ya.type)) return true;
-      if (y.constants.some((yc) => atomic.type === yc.type)) return true;
-    }
-
-    // CONSTANTS
-    for (const constant of x.constants) {
-      const atomic: MetadataAtomic | undefined = y.atomics.find(
-        (elem) => elem.type === constant.type,
-      );
-      if (atomic !== undefined) return true;
-
-      const opposite: MetadataConstant | undefined = y.constants.find(
-        (elem) => elem.type === constant.type,
-      );
-      if (opposite === undefined) continue;
-
-      const values: Set<any> = new Set([
-        ...constant.values,
-        ...opposite.values,
-      ]);
-      if (values.size !== constant.values.length + opposite.values.length)
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    // TEMPLATES
-    if (!!x.templates.length && y.atomics.some((ya) => ya.type === "string"))
-      return true;
-    else if (
-      !!y.templates.length &&
-      x.atomics.some((xa) => xa.type === "string")
-    )
-      return true;
-    return false;
-  };
-
-  export const covers = (
-    x: Metadata,
-    y: Metadata,
-    level: number = 0,
-  ): boolean => {
-    // CHECK ANY
-    if (x === y) return false;
-    else if (x.any) return true;
-    else if (y.any) return false;
-
-    //----
-    // INSTANCES
-    //----
-    if (level === 0) {
-      // ARRAYS
-      for (const ya of y.arrays)
-        if (
-          !x.arrays.some((xa) =>
-            covers(xa.type.value, ya.type.value, level + 1),
-          )
-        ) {
-          return false;
-        }
-
-      // TUPLES
-      for (const yt of y.tuples)
-        if (
-          yt.type.elements.length !== 0 &&
-          x.tuples.some(
-            (xt) =>
-              xt.type.elements.length >= yt.type.elements.length &&
-              xt.type.elements
-                .slice(yt.type.elements.length)
-                .every((xv, i) => covers(xv, yt.type.elements[i]!, level + 1)),
-          ) === false
-        )
-          return false;
-    }
-
-    // OBJECTS
-    for (const yo of y.objects)
-      if (x.objects.some((xo) => MetadataObject.covers(xo, yo)) === false)
-        return false;
-
-    // ALIASES
-    for (const yd of y.aliases)
-      if (x.aliases.some((xd) => xd.name === yd.name) === false) return false;
-
-    // NATIVES
-    for (const yn of y.natives)
-      if (x.natives.some((xn) => xn === yn) === false) return false;
-
-    // SETS
-    for (const ys of y.sets)
-      if (x.sets.some((xs) => covers(xs, ys)) === false) return false;
-
-    //----
-    // VALUES
-    //----
-    // ATOMICS
-    if (
-      y.atomics.some(
-        (ya) => x.atomics.some((xa) => xa.type === ya.type) === false,
-      )
-    )
-      return false;
-
-    // CONSTANTS
-    for (const yc of y.constants) {
-      if (x.atomics.some((atom) => yc.type === atom.type)) continue;
-      const xc: MetadataConstant | undefined = x.constants.find(
-        (elem) => elem.type === yc.type,
-      );
-      if (xc === undefined) return false;
-      else if (
-        (yc.values as number[]).some(
-          (yv) => xc.values.includes(yv as never) === false,
-        )
-      )
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // FUNCTIONAL
-    if (x.functional === false && y.functional) return false;
-
-    // SUCCESS
-    return true;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * @internal
-   */
-  export const merge = (x: Metadata, y: Metadata): Metadata => {
-    const output: Metadata = Metadata.create({
-      any: x.any || y.any,
-      nullable: x.nullable || y.nullable,
-      required: x.required && y.required,
-      optional: x.optional || y.optional,
-      functional: x.functional || y.functional,
-
-      escaped:
-        x.escaped !== null && y.escaped !== null
-          ? MetadataEscaped.create({
-              original: merge(x.escaped.original, y.escaped.original),
-              returns: merge(x.escaped.returns, y.escaped.returns),
-            })
-          : x.escaped ?? y.escaped,
-      atomics: mergeTaggedTypes({
-        container: x.atomics,
-        equals: (x, y) => x.type === y.type,
-        getter: (x) => x.tags,
-      })(y.atomics),
-      constants: [...x.constants],
-      templates: x.templates.slice(),
-
-      rest:
-        x.rest !== null && y.rest !== null
-          ? merge(x.rest, y.rest)
-          : x.rest ?? y.rest,
-      // arrays: x.arrays.slice(),
-      arrays: mergeTaggedTypes({
-        container: x.arrays,
-        equals: (x, y) => x.type.name === y.type.name,
-        getter: (x) => x.tags,
-      })(y.arrays),
-      tuples: mergeTaggedTypes({
-        container: x.tuples,
-        equals: (x, y) => x.type.name === y.type.name,
-        getter: (x) => x.tags,
-      })(y.tuples),
-      objects: x.objects.slice(),
-      aliases: x.aliases.slice(),
-
-      natives: [...new Set([...x.natives, ...y.natives])],
-      sets: x.sets.slice(),
-      maps: x.maps.slice(),
-    });
-    for (const constant of y.constants) {
-      const target: MetadataConstant = ArrayUtil.take(
-        output.constants,
-        (elem) => elem.type === constant.type,
-        () =>
-          MetadataConstant.create({
-            type: constant.type,
-            values: [],
-          }),
-      );
-      for (const value of constant.values) ArrayUtil.add(target.values, value);
-    }
-    for (const obj of y.objects)
-      ArrayUtil.set(output.objects, obj, (elem) => elem.name);
-    for (const alias of y.aliases)
-      ArrayUtil.set(output.aliases, alias, (elem) => elem.name);
-
-    return output;
-  };
-}
-
-const getName = (metadata: Metadata): string => {
-  if (metadata.any === true) return "any";
-
-  const elements: string[] = [];
-
-  // OPTIONAL
-  if (metadata.nullable === true) elements.push("null");
-  if (metadata.isRequired() === false) elements.push("undefined");
-
-  // ATOMIC
-  for (const atom of metadata.atomics) {
-    elements.push(atom.getName());
-  }
-  for (const constant of metadata.constants)
-    for (const value of constant.values)
-      elements.push(
-        constant.type === "string" ? JSON.stringify(value) : value.toString(),
-      );
-  for (const template of metadata.templates)
-    elements.push(
-      "`" +
-        template
-          .map((child) =>
-            child.isConstant() && child.size() === 1
-              ? child.constants[0]!.values[0]!
-              : `$\{${child.getName()}\}`,
-          )
-          .join("")
-          .split("`")
-          .join("\\`") +
-        "`",
-    );
-
-  // NATIVES
-  for (const native of metadata.natives) elements.push(native);
-  for (const set of metadata.sets) elements.push(`Set<${set.getName()}>`);
-  for (const map of metadata.maps)
-    elements.push(`Map<${map.key.getName()}, ${map.value.getName()}>`);
-
-  // INSTANCES
-  if (metadata.rest !== null) elements.push(`...${metadata.rest.getName()}`);
-  for (const tuple of metadata.tuples) elements.push(tuple.type.name);
-  for (const array of metadata.arrays) elements.push(array.getName());
-  for (const object of metadata.objects) elements.push(object.name);
-  for (const alias of metadata.aliases) elements.push(alias.name);
-  if (metadata.escaped !== null) elements.push(metadata.escaped.getName());
-
-  // RETURNS
-  if (elements.length === 0) return "unknown";
-  else if (elements.length === 1) return elements[0]!;
-
-  elements.sort();
-  return `(${elements.join(" | ")})`;
-};
-export namespace Metadata {
-  export interface Entry {
-    key: Metadata;
-    value: Metadata;
-  }
-}
-
-const mergeTaggedTypes =
-  <T>(props: {
-    container: T[];
-    equals: (x: T, y: T) => boolean;
-    getter: (x: T) => IMetadataTypeTag[][];
-  }) =>
-  (opposite: T[]) => {
-    const output: T[] = [...props.container];
-    for (const elem of opposite) {
-      const equal = props.container.find((x) => props.equals(x, elem));
-      if (equal === undefined) {
-        output.push(elem);
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      const matrix: string[][] = props
-        .getter(equal)
-        .map((tags) => tags.map((t) => t.name))
-        .sort();
-      for (const tags of props.getter(elem)) {
-        const names: string[] = tags.map((t) => t.name).sort();
-        if (
-          matrix.some(
-            (m) =>
-              m.length === names.length && m.every((s, i) => s === names[i]),
-          )
-        )
-          continue;
-        props.getter(equal).push(tags);
-      }
-    }
-    return output;
-  };
+import { ClassProperties } from "../../typings/ClassProperties";
+
+import { ArrayUtil } from "../../utils/ArrayUtil";
+
+import { IMetadata } from "./IMetadata";
+import { IMetadataDictionary } from "./IMetadataDictionary";
+import { IMetadataTypeTag } from "./IMetadataTypeTag";
+import { MetadataAlias } from "./MetadataAlias";
+import { MetadataArray } from "./MetadataArray";
+import { MetadataAtomic } from "./MetadataAtomic";
+import { MetadataConstant } from "./MetadataConstant";
+import { MetadataEscaped } from "./MetadataEscaped";
+import { MetadataObject } from "./MetadataObject";
+import { MetadataTuple } from "./MetadataTuple";
+
+export class Metadata {
+  public any: boolean;
+  public required: boolean;
+  public optional: boolean;
+  public nullable: boolean;
+  public functional: boolean;
+
+  public escaped: MetadataEscaped | null;
+  public atomics: MetadataAtomic[];
+  public constants: MetadataConstant[];
+  public templates: Metadata[][];
+
+  public rest: Metadata | null;
+  public aliases: MetadataAlias[];
+  public arrays: MetadataArray[];
+  public tuples: MetadataTuple[];
+  public objects: MetadataObject[];
+
+  public natives: string[];
+  public sets: Metadata[];
+  public maps: Metadata.Entry[];
+
+  /** @internal */ private name_?: string;
+  /** @internal */ private parent_resolved_: boolean = false;
+  /** @internal */ public union_index?: number;
+  /** @internal */ public fixed_?: number | null;
+  /** @internal */ public boolean_literal_intersected_?: boolean;
+
+  /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+        CONSTRUCTORS
+    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+  /**
+   * @hidden
+   */
+  private constructor(props: ClassProperties<Metadata>) {
+    this.any = props.any;
+    this.required = props.required;
+    this.optional = props.optional;
+    this.nullable = props.nullable;
+    this.functional = props.functional;
+
+    this.escaped = props.escaped;
+    this.atomics = props.atomics;
+    this.constants = props.constants;
+    this.templates = props.templates;
+
+    this.rest = props.rest;
+    this.arrays = props.arrays;
+    this.tuples = props.tuples;
+    this.objects = props.objects;
+    this.aliases = props.aliases;
+
+    this.natives = props.natives;
+    this.sets = props.sets;
+    this.maps = props.maps;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  public static create(props: ClassProperties<Metadata>): Metadata {
+    return new Metadata(props);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  public static initialize(parentResolved: boolean = false): Metadata {
+    const meta: Metadata = Metadata.create({
+      any: false,
+      nullable: false,
+      required: true,
+      optional: false,
+      functional: false,
+
+      escaped: null,
+      constants: [],
+      atomics: [],
+      templates: [],
+      arrays: [],
+      tuples: [],
+      objects: [],
+      aliases: [],
+
+      rest: null,
+      natives: [],
+      sets: [],
+      maps: [],
+    });
+    meta.parent_resolved_ = parentResolved;
+    return meta;
+  }
+
+  public toJSON(): IMetadata {
+    return {
+      any: this.any,
+      required: this.required,
+      optional: this.optional,
+      nullable: this.nullable,
+      functional: this.functional,
+
+      atomics: this.atomics.map((a) => a.toJSON()),
+      constants: this.constants.map((c) => c.toJSON()),
+      templates: this.templates.map((tpl) => tpl.map((meta) => meta.toJSON())),
+      escaped: this.escaped ? this.escaped.toJSON() : null,
+
+      rest: this.rest ? this.rest.toJSON() : null,
+      arrays: this.arrays.map((array) => ({
+        name: array.type.name,
+        tags: array.tags.map((r) => r.slice()),
+      })),
+      tuples: this.tuples.map((tuple) => ({
+        name: tuple.type.name,
+        tags: tuple.tags.map((r) => r.slice()),
+      })),
+      objects: this.objects.map((obj) => obj.name),
+      aliases: this.aliases.map((alias) => alias.name),
+
+      natives: this.natives.slice(),
+      sets: this.sets.map((meta) => meta.toJSON()),
+      maps: this.maps.map((entry) => ({
+        key: entry.key.toJSON(),
+        value: entry.value.toJSON(),
+      })),
+    };
+  }
+
+  public static from(meta: IMetadata, dict: IMetadataDictionary): Metadata {
+    return Metadata.create({
+      any: meta.any,
+      required: meta.required,
+      optional: meta.optional,
+      nullable: meta.nullable,
+      functional: meta.functional,
+
+      constants: meta.constants.map(MetadataConstant.from),
+      atomics: meta.atomics.map(MetadataAtomic.from),
+      templates: meta.templates.map((tpl) =>
+        tpl.map((meta) => this.from(meta, dict)),
+      ),
+      escaped: meta.escaped ? MetadataEscaped.from(meta.escaped, dict) : null,
+
+      rest: meta.rest ? this.from(meta.rest, dict) : null,
+      arrays: meta.arrays.map((ref) => {
+        const type = dict.arrays.get(ref.name);
+        if (type === undefined)
+          throw new RangeError(
+            `Error on Metadata.from(): failed to find array "${ref.name}".`,
+          );
+        return MetadataArray.create({
+          type,
+          tags: ref.tags.map((row) => row.slice()),
+        });
+      }),
+      tuples: meta.tuples.map((t) => {
+        const type = dict.tuples.get(t.name);
+        if (type === undefined)
+          throw new RangeError(
+            `Error on Metadata.from(): failed to find tuple "${t.name}".`,
+          );
+        return MetadataTuple.create({
+          type,
+          tags: t.tags.map((r) => r.slice()),
+        });
+      }),
+      objects: meta.objects.map((name) => {
+        const found = dict.objects.get(name);
+        if (found === undefined)
+          throw new RangeError(
+            `Error on Metadata.from(): failed to find object "${name}".`,
+          );
+        return found;
+      }),
+      aliases: meta.aliases.map((alias) => {
+        const found = dict.aliases.get(alias);
+        if (found === undefined)
+          throw new RangeError(
+            `Error on Metadata.from(): failed to find alias "${alias}".`,
+          );
+        return found;
+      }),
+
+      natives: meta.natives.slice(),
+      sets: meta.sets.map((meta) => this.from(meta, dict)),
+      maps: meta.maps.map((entry) => ({
+        key: this.from(entry.key, dict),
+        value: this.from(entry.value, dict),
+      })),
+    });
+  }
+
+  /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+        ACCESSORS
+    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+  public getName(): string {
+    return (this.name_ ??= getName(this));
+  }
+
+  public empty(): boolean {
+    return this.bucket() === 0 || this.size() === 0;
+  }
+
+  public size(): number {
+    return (
+      (this.any ? 1 : 0) +
+      (this.escaped ? 1 : 0) +
+      (this.functional ? 1 : 0) +
+      (this.rest ? this.rest.size() : 0) +
+      this.templates.length +
+      this.atomics.length +
+      this.constants.map((c) => c.values.length).reduce((x, y) => x + y, 0) +
+      this.arrays.length +
+      this.tuples.length +
+      this.natives.length +
+      this.maps.length +
+      this.sets.length +
+      this.objects.length +
+      this.aliases.length
+    );
+  }
+
+  public bucket(): number {
+    return (
+      (this.any ? 1 : 0) +
+      (this.escaped ? 1 : 0) +
+      (this.functional ? 1 : 0) +
+      (this.templates.length ? 1 : 0) +
+      (this.atomics.length ? 1 : 0) +
+      (this.constants.length ? 1 : 0) +
+      (this.rest ? this.rest.size() : 0) +
+      (this.arrays.length ? 1 : 0) +
+      (this.tuples.length ? 1 : 0) +
+      (this.natives.length ? 1 : 0) +
+      (this.sets.length ? 1 : 0) +
+      (this.maps.length ? 1 : 0) +
+      (this.objects.length ? 1 : 0) +
+      (this.aliases.length ? 1 : 0)
+    );
+  }
+
+  public isConstant(): boolean {
+    return this.bucket() === (this.constants.length ? 1 : 0);
+  }
+
+  public isRequired(): boolean {
+    return this.required === true && this.optional === false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  public isUnionBucket(): boolean {
+    const size: number = this.bucket();
+    const emended: number =
+      !!this.atomics.length && !!this.constants.length ? size - 1 : size;
+    return emended > 1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  public getSoleLiteral(): string | null {
+    if (
+      this.size() === 1 &&
+      this.constants.length === 1 &&
+      this.constants[0]!.type === "string" &&
+      this.constants[0]!.values.length === 1
+    )
+      return this.constants[0]!.values[0] as string;
+    else return null;
+  }
+
+  public isSoleLiteral(): boolean {
+    return this.getSoleLiteral() !== null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  public isParentResolved(): boolean {
+    return this.parent_resolved_;
+  }
+}
+export namespace Metadata {
+  export const intersects = (x: Metadata, y: Metadata): boolean => {
+    // CHECK ANY & OPTIONAL
+    if (x.any || y.any) return true;
+    if (x.isRequired() === false && false === y.isRequired()) return true;
+    if (x.nullable === true && true === y.nullable) return true;
+    if (x.functional === true && y.functional === true) return true;
+
+    //----
+    // INSTANCES
+    //----
+    // ARRAYS
+    if (x.arrays.length && y.arrays.length) return true;
+    if (x.tuples.length && y.tuples.length) return true;
+    if (x.objects.length && y.objects.length) return true;
+    if (x.aliases.length && y.aliases.length) return true;
+
+    // NATIVES
+    if (x.natives.length && y.natives.length)
+      if (x.natives.some((xn) => y.natives.some((yn) => xn === yn)))
+        return true;
+
+    //----
+    // VALUES
+    //----
+    // ATOMICS
+    for (const atomic of x.atomics) {
+      if (y.atomics.some((ya) => atomic.type === ya.type)) return true;
+      if (y.constants.some((yc) => atomic.type === yc.type)) return true;
+    }
+
+    // CONSTANTS
+    for (const constant of x.constants) {
+      const atomic: MetadataAtomic | undefined = y.atomics.find(
+        (elem) => elem.type === constant.type,
+      );
+      if (atomic !== undefined) return true;
+
+      const opposite: MetadataConstant | undefined = y.constants.find(
+        (elem) => elem.type === constant.type,
+      );
+      if (opposite === undefined) continue;
+
+      const values: Set<any> = new Set([
+        ...constant.values,
+        ...opposite.values,
+      ]);
+      if (values.size !== constant.values.length + opposite.values.length)
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // TEMPLATES
+    if (!!x.templates.length && y.atomics.some((ya) => ya.type === "string"))
+      return true;
+    else if (
+      !!y.templates.length &&
+      x.atomics.some((xa) => xa.type === "string")
+    )
+      return true;
+    return false;
+  };
+
+  export const covers = (
+    x: Metadata,
+    y: Metadata,
+    level: number = 0,
+  ): boolean => {
+    // CHECK ANY
+    if (x === y) return false;
+    else if (x.any) return true;
+    else if (y.any) return false;
+
+    //----
+    // INSTANCES
+    //----
+    if (level === 0) {
+      // ARRAYS
+      for (const ya of y.arrays)
+        if (
+          !x.arrays.some((xa) =>
+            covers(xa.type.value, ya.type.value, level + 1),
+          )
+        ) {
+          return false;
+        }
+
+      // TUPLES
+      for (const yt of y.tuples)
+        if (
+          yt.type.elements.length !== 0 &&
+          x.tuples.some(
+            (xt) =>
+              xt.type.elements.length >= yt.type.elements.length &&
+              xt.type.elements
+                .slice(yt.type.elements.length)
+                .every((xv, i) => covers(xv, yt.type.elements[i]!, level + 1)),
+          ) === false
+        )
+          return false;
+    }
+
+    // OBJECTS
+    for (const yo of y.objects)
+      if (x.objects.some((xo) => MetadataObject.covers(xo, yo)) === false)
+        return false;
+
+    // ALIASES
+    for (const yd of y.aliases)
+      if (x.aliases.some((xd) => xd.name === yd.name) === false) return false;
+
+    // NATIVES
+    for (const yn of y.natives)
+      if (x.natives.some((xn) => xn === yn) === false) return false;
+
+    // SETS
+    for (const ys of y.sets)
+      if (x.sets.some((xs) => covers(xs, ys)) === false) return false;
+
+    //----
+    // VALUES
+    //----
+    // ATOMICS
+    if (
+      y.atomics.some(
+        (ya) => x.atomics.some((xa) => xa.type === ya.type) === false,
+      )
+    )
+      return false;
+
+    // CONSTANTS
+    for (const yc of y.constants) {
+      if (x.atomics.some((atom) => yc.type === atom.type)) continue;
+      const xc: MetadataConstant | undefined = x.constants.find(
+        (elem) => elem.type === yc.type,
+      );
+      if (xc === undefined) return false;
+      else if (
+        (yc.values as number[]).some(
+          (yv) => xc.values.includes(yv as never) === false,
+        )
+      )
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // FUNCTIONAL
+    if (x.functional === false && y.functional) return false;
+
+    // SUCCESS
+    return true;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @internal
+   */
+  export const merge = (x: Metadata, y: Metadata): Metadata => {
+    const output: Metadata = Metadata.create({
+      any: x.any || y.any,
+      nullable: x.nullable || y.nullable,
+      required: x.required && y.required,
+      optional: x.optional || y.optional,
+      functional: x.functional || y.functional,
+
+      escaped:
+        x.escaped !== null && y.escaped !== null
+          ? MetadataEscaped.create({
+              original: merge(x.escaped.original, y.escaped.original),
+              returns: merge(x.escaped.returns, y.escaped.returns),
+            })
+          : x.escaped ?? y.escaped,
+      atomics: mergeTaggedTypes({
+        container: x.atomics,
+        equals: (x, y) => x.type === y.type,
+        getter: (x) => x.tags,
+      })(y.atomics),
+      constants: [...x.constants],
+      templates: x.templates.slice(),
+
+      rest:
+        x.rest !== null && y.rest !== null
+          ? merge(x.rest, y.rest)
+          : x.rest ?? y.rest,
+      // arrays: x.arrays.slice(),
+      arrays: mergeTaggedTypes({
+        container: x.arrays,
+        equals: (x, y) => x.type.name === y.type.name,
+        getter: (x) => x.tags,
+      })(y.arrays),
+      tuples: mergeTaggedTypes({
+        container: x.tuples,
+        equals: (x, y) => x.type.name === y.type.name,
+        getter: (x) => x.tags,
+      })(y.tuples),
+      objects: x.objects.slice(),
+      aliases: x.aliases.slice(),
+
+      natives: [...new Set([...x.natives, ...y.natives])],
+      sets: x.sets.slice(),
+      maps: x.maps.slice(),
+    });
+    for (const constant of y.constants) {
+      const target: MetadataConstant = ArrayUtil.take(
+        output.constants,
+        (elem) => elem.type === constant.type,
+        () =>
+          MetadataConstant.create({
+            type: constant.type,
+            values: [],
+          }),
+      );
+      for (const value of constant.values) ArrayUtil.add(target.values, value);
+    }
+    for (const obj of y.objects)
+      ArrayUtil.set(output.objects, obj, (elem) => elem.name);
+    for (const alias of y.aliases)
+      ArrayUtil.set(output.aliases, alias, (elem) => elem.name);
+
+    return output;
+  };
+}
+
+const getName = (metadata: Metadata): string => {
+  if (metadata.any === true) return "any";
+
+  const elements: string[] = [];
+
+  // OPTIONAL
+  if (metadata.nullable === true) elements.push("null");
+  if (metadata.isRequired() === false) elements.push("undefined");
+
+  // ATOMIC
+  for (const atom of metadata.atomics) {
+    elements.push(atom.getName());
+  }
+  for (const constant of metadata.constants)
+    for (const value of constant.values)
+      elements.push(
+        constant.type === "string" ? JSON.stringify(value) : value.toString(),
+      );
+  for (const template of metadata.templates)
+    elements.push(
+      "`" +
+        template
+          .map((child) =>
+            child.isConstant() && child.size() === 1
+              ? child.constants[0]!.values[0]!
+              : `$\{${child.getName()}\}`,
+          )
+          .join("")
+          .split("`")
+          .join("\\`") +
+        "`",
+    );
+
+  // NATIVES
+  for (const native of metadata.natives) elements.push(native);
+  for (const set of metadata.sets) elements.push(`Set<${set.getName()}>`);
+  for (const map of metadata.maps)
+    elements.push(`Map<${map.key.getName()}, ${map.value.getName()}>`);
+
+  // INSTANCES
+  if (metadata.rest !== null) elements.push(`...${metadata.rest.getName()}`);
+  for (const tuple of metadata.tuples) elements.push(tuple.type.name);
+  for (const array of metadata.arrays) elements.push(array.getName());
+  for (const object of metadata.objects) elements.push(object.name);
+  for (const alias of metadata.aliases) elements.push(alias.name);
+  if (metadata.escaped !== null) elements.push(metadata.escaped.getName());
+
+  // RETURNS
+  if (elements.length === 0) return "unknown";
+  else if (elements.length === 1) return elements[0]!;
+
+  elements.sort();
+  return `(${elements.join(" | ")})`;
+};
+export namespace Metadata {
+  export interface Entry {
+    key: Metadata;
+    value: Metadata;
+  }
+}
+
+const mergeTaggedTypes =
+  <T>(props: {
+    container: T[];
+    equals: (x: T, y: T) => boolean;
+    getter: (x: T) => IMetadataTypeTag[][];
+  }) =>
+  (opposite: T[]) => {
+    const output: T[] = [...props.container];
+    for (const elem of opposite) {
+      const equal = props.container.find((x) => props.equals(x, elem));
+      if (equal === undefined) {
+        output.push(elem);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const matrix: string[][] = props
+        .getter(equal)
+        .map((tags) => tags.map((t) => t.name))
+        .sort();
+      for (const tags of props.getter(elem)) {
+        const names: string[] = tags.map((t) => t.name).sort();
+        if (
+          matrix.some(
+            (m) =>
+              m.length === names.length && m.every((s, i) => s === names[i]),
+          )
+        )
+          continue;
+        props.getter(equal).push(tags);
+      }
+    }
+    return output;
+  };