typia 3.6.10 → 3.7.0-dev.20230331

package/src/programmers/StringifyProgrammer.ts

@@ -1,795 +1,801 @@
-import ts from "typescript";
-
-import { ExpressionFactory } from "../factories/ExpressionFactory";
-import { IdentifierFactory } from "../factories/IdentifierFactory";
-import { MetadataCollection } from "../factories/MetadataCollection";
-import { MetadataFactory } from "../factories/MetadataFactory";
-import { TypeFactory } from "../factories/TypeFactory";
-import { ValueFactory } from "../factories/ValueFactory";
-
-import { IMetadataTag } from "../metadata/IMetadataTag";
-import { Metadata } from "../metadata/Metadata";
-import { MetadataObject } from "../metadata/MetadataObject";
-
-import { IProject } from "../transformers/IProject";
-
-import { Atomic } from "../typings/Atomic";
-
-import { ArrayUtil } from "../utils/ArrayUtil";
-
-import { FeatureProgrammer } from "./FeatureProgrammer";
-import { IsProgrammer } from "./IsProgrammer";
-import { AtomicPredicator } from "./helpers/AtomicPredicator";
-import { FunctionImporter } from "./helpers/FunctionImporeter";
-import { IExpressionEntry } from "./helpers/IExpressionEntry";
-import { OptionPredicator } from "./helpers/OptionPredicator";
-import { StringifyJoiner } from "./helpers/StringifyJoinder";
-import { StringifyPredicator } from "./helpers/StringifyPredicator";
-import { UnionExplorer } from "./helpers/UnionExplorer";
-import { check_native } from "./internal/check_native";
-import { decode_union_object } from "./internal/decode_union_object";
-import { feature_object_entries } from "./internal/feature_object_entries";
-
-export namespace StringifyProgrammer {
-    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-        GENERATORS
-    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-    export function generate(
-        project: IProject,
-        modulo: ts.LeftHandSideExpression,
-    ) {
-        const importer: FunctionImporter = new FunctionImporter();
-        return FeatureProgrammer.generate(
-            project,
-            CONFIG(project, importer),
-            importer,
-            (collection) => {
-                const isFunctors = IsProgrammer.generate_functors(
-                    project,
-                    importer,
-                )(collection);
-                const isUnioners = IsProgrammer.generate_unioners(
-                    project,
-                    importer,
-                )(collection);
-
-                return [
-                    ...importer.declare(modulo),
-                    ...isFunctors.filter((_, i) =>
-                        importer.hasLocal(`$io${i}`),
-                    ),
-                    ...isUnioners.filter((_, i) =>
-                        importer.hasLocal(`$iu${i}`),
-                    ),
-                ];
-            },
-        );
-    }
-
-    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-        DECODERS
-    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-    const decode =
-        (project: IProject, importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        (
-            input: ts.Expression,
-            meta: Metadata,
-            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-            tags: IMetadataTag[],
-        ): ts.Expression => {
-            // ANY TYPE
-            if (meta.any === true)
-                return wrap_required(
-                    input,
-                    meta,
-                    explore,
-                )(
-                    wrap_functional(
-                        input,
-                        meta,
-                        explore,
-                    )(
-                        ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                            ts.factory.createIdentifier("JSON.stringify"),
-                            undefined,
-                            [input],
-                        ),
-                    ),
-                );
-
-            // ONLY NULL OR UNDEFINED
-            const size: number = meta.size();
-            if (
-                size === 0 &&
-                (meta.required === false || meta.nullable === true)
-            ) {
-                if (meta.required === false && meta.nullable === true)
-                    return explore.from === "array"
-                        ? ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null")
-                        : ts.factory.createConditionalExpression(
-                              ts.factory.createStrictEquality(
-                                  ts.factory.createNull(),
-                                  input,
-                              ),
-                              undefined,
-                              ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null"),
-                              undefined,
-                              ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined"),
-                          );
-                else if (meta.required === false)
-                    return explore.from === "array"
-                        ? ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null")
-                        : ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined");
-                else return ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null");
-            }
-
-            //----
-            // LIST UP UNION TYPES
-            //----
-            const unions: IUnion[] = [];
-
-            // toJSON() METHOD
-            if (meta.resolved !== null)
-                if (size === 1)
-                    return decode_to_json(project, importer)(
-                        input,
-                        meta.resolved,
-                        explore,
-                        tags,
-                    );
-                else
-                    unions.push({
-                        type: "resolved",
-                        is: () => IsProgrammer.decode_to_json(input, false),
-                        value: () =>
-                            decode_to_json(project, importer)(
-                                input,
-                                meta.resolved!,
-                                explore,
-                                tags,
-                            ),
-                    });
-            else if (meta.functional === true)
-                unions.push({
-                    type: "functional",
-                    is: () => IsProgrammer.decode_functional(input),
-                    value: () => decode_functional(explore),
-                });
-
-            // TEMPLATES
-            if (
-                meta.templates.length ||
-                ArrayUtil.has(meta.constants, (c) => c.type === "string")
-            )
-                if (AtomicPredicator.template(meta)) {
-                    const partial = Metadata.initialize();
-                    partial.atomics.push("string"),
-                        unions.push({
-                            type: "template literal",
-                            is: () =>
-                                IsProgrammer.decode(project, importer)(
-                                    input,
-                                    partial,
-                                    explore,
-                                    [],
-                                ),
-                            value: () =>
-                                decode_atomic(project, importer)(
-                                    input,
-                                    "string",
-                                    explore,
-                                    tags,
-                                ),
-                        });
-                }
-
-            // CONSTANTS
-            for (const constant of meta.constants)
-                if (AtomicPredicator.constant(meta)(constant.type) === false)
-                    continue;
-                else if (constant.type !== "string")
-                    unions.push({
-                        type: "atomic",
-                        is: () =>
-                            IsProgrammer.decode(project, importer)(
-                                input,
-                                (() => {
-                                    const partial = Metadata.initialize();
-                                    partial.atomics.push(constant.type);
-                                    return partial;
-                                })(),
-                                explore,
-                                [],
-                            ),
-                        value: () =>
-                            decode_atomic(project, importer)(
-                                input,
-                                constant.type,
-                                explore,
-                                tags,
-                            ),
-                    });
-                else if (meta.templates.length === 0)
-                    unions.push({
-                        type: "const string",
-                        is: () =>
-                            IsProgrammer.decode(project, importer)(
-                                input,
-                                (() => {
-                                    const partial = Metadata.initialize();
-                                    partial.atomics.push("string");
-                                    return partial;
-                                })(),
-                                explore,
-                                [],
-                            ),
-                        value: () =>
-                            decode_constant_string(project, importer)(
-                                input,
-                                [...constant.values] as string[],
-                                explore,
-                            ),
-                    });
-
-            /// ATOMICS
-            for (const type of meta.atomics)
-                if (AtomicPredicator.atomic(meta)(type))
-                    unions.push({
-                        type: "atomic",
-                        is: () =>
-                            IsProgrammer.decode(project, importer)(
-                                input,
-                                (() => {
-                                    const partial = Metadata.initialize();
-                                    partial.atomics.push(type);
-                                    return partial;
-                                })(),
-                                explore,
-                                [],
-                            ),
-                        value: () =>
-                            decode_atomic(project, importer)(
-                                input,
-                                type,
-                                explore,
-                                tags,
-                            ),
-                    });
-
-            // TUPLES
-            for (const tuple of meta.tuples) {
-                for (const child of tuple)
-                    if (StringifyPredicator.undefindable(meta))
-                        throw new Error(
-                            `Error on typia.stringify(): tuple cannot contain undefined value - (${child.getName()}).`,
-                        );
-                unions.push({
-                    type: "tuple",
-                    is: () =>
-                        IsProgrammer.decode(project, importer)(
-                            input,
-                            (() => {
-                                const partial = Metadata.initialize();
-                                partial.tuples.push(tuple);
-                                return partial;
-                            })(),
-                            explore,
-                            [],
-                        ),
-                    value: () =>
-                        decode_tuple(project, importer)(
-                            input,
-                            tuple,
-                            explore,
-                            tags,
-                        ),
-                });
-            }
-
-            // ARRAYS
-            if (meta.arrays.length) {
-                for (const child of meta.arrays)
-                    if (StringifyPredicator.undefindable(child))
-                        throw new Error(
-                            `Error on typia.stringify(): array cannot contain undefined value (${child.getName()}).`,
-                        );
-                const value: () => ts.Expression = meta.arrays.some(
-                    (elem) => elem.any,
-                )
-                    ? () =>
-                          ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                              ts.factory.createIdentifier("JSON.stringify"),
-                              undefined,
-                              [input],
-                          )
-                    : () =>
-                          explore_arrays(project, importer)(
-                              input,
-                              meta.arrays,
-                              {
-                                  ...explore,
-                                  from: "array",
-                              },
-                              [],
-                          );
-
-                unions.push({
-                    type: "array",
-                    is: () => ExpressionFactory.isArray(input),
-                    value,
-                });
-            }
-
-            // BUILT-IN CLASSES
-            if (meta.natives.length)
-                for (const native of meta.natives)
-                    unions.push({
-                        type: "object",
-                        is: () => check_native(native)(input),
-                        value: () =>
-                            AtomicPredicator.native(native)
-                                ? decode_atomic(project, importer)(
-                                      input,
-                                      native.toLowerCase() as Atomic.Literal,
-                                      explore,
-                                      tags,
-                                  )
-                                : ts.factory.createStringLiteral("{}"),
-                    });
-
-            // SETS
-            if (meta.sets.length)
-                unions.push({
-                    type: "object",
-                    is: () => ExpressionFactory.isInstanceOf(input, "Set"),
-                    value: () => ts.factory.createStringLiteral("{}"),
-                });
-
-            // MAPS
-            if (meta.maps.length)
-                unions.push({
-                    type: "object",
-                    is: () => ExpressionFactory.isInstanceOf(input, "Map"),
-                    value: () => ts.factory.createStringLiteral("{}"),
-                });
-
-            // OBJECTS
-            if (meta.objects.length)
-                unions.push({
-                    type: "object",
-                    is: () =>
-                        ExpressionFactory.isObject(input, {
-                            checkNull: true,
-                            checkArray: meta.objects.some((obj) =>
-                                obj.properties.every(
-                                    (prop) =>
-                                        !prop.key.isSoleLiteral() ||
-                                        !prop.value.required,
-                                ),
-                            ),
-                        }),
-                    value: () =>
-                        meta.isParentResolved() === false &&
-                        meta.objects.length === 1 &&
-                        meta.objects[0]!._Is_simple()
-                            ? (() => {
-                                  const obj: MetadataObject = meta.objects[0]!;
-                                  const entries: IExpressionEntry<ts.Expression>[] =
-                                      feature_object_entries<ts.Expression>({
-                                          decoder: decode(project, importer),
-                                          trace: false,
-                                          path: false,
-                                      })(importer)(obj)(input);
-                                  return StringifyJoiner.object(importer)(
-                                      input,
-                                      entries,
-                                  );
-                              })()
-                            : explore_objects(importer)(input, meta, {
-                                  ...explore,
-                                  from: "object",
-                              }),
-                });
-
-            //----
-            // RETURNS
-            //----
-            // CHECK NULL AND UNDEFINED
-            const wrapper = (output: ts.Expression) =>
-                wrap_required(
-                    input,
-                    meta,
-                    explore,
-                )(wrap_nullable(input, meta)(output));
-
-            // DIRECT RETURN
-            if (unions.length === 0)
-                return ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                    ts.factory.createIdentifier("JSON.stringify"),
-                    undefined,
-                    [input],
-                );
-            else if (unions.length === 1) return wrapper(unions[0]!.value());
-
-            // RETURN WITH TYPE CHECKING
-            return wrapper(
-                ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                    ts.factory.createArrowFunction(
-                        undefined,
-                        undefined,
-                        [],
-                        undefined,
-                        undefined,
-                        iterate(importer, input, unions, meta.getName()),
-                    ),
-                    undefined,
-                    undefined,
-                ),
-            );
-        };
-
-    const decode_array = (project: IProject, importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        FeatureProgrammer.decode_array(
-            CONFIG(project, importer),
-            importer,
-            StringifyJoiner.array,
-        );
-
-    const decode_object = (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        FeatureProgrammer.decode_object({
-            trace: false,
-            path: false,
-            functors: FUNCTORS,
-        })(importer);
-
-    const decode_tuple =
-        (project: IProject, importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        (
-            input: ts.Expression,
-            tuple: Metadata[],
-            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-            tags: IMetadataTag[],
-        ): ts.Expression => {
-            const children: ts.Expression[] = tuple
-                .filter((elem) => elem.rest === null)
-                .map((elem, index) =>
-                    decode(project, importer)(
-                        ts.factory.createElementAccessExpression(input, index),
-                        elem,
-                        {
-                            ...explore,
-                            from: "array",
-                        },
-                        tags,
-                    ),
-                );
-            const rest = (() => {
-                if (tuple.length === 0) return null;
-                const last = tuple[tuple.length - 1]!;
-                if (last.rest === null) return null;
-
-                const code = decode(project, importer)(
-                    ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                        IdentifierFactory.join(input, "slice"),
-                        undefined,
-                        [ts.factory.createNumericLiteral(tuple.length - 1)],
-                    ),
-                    (() => {
-                        const wrapper: Metadata = Metadata.initialize();
-                        wrapper.arrays.push(tuple[tuple.length - 1]!.rest!);
-                        return wrapper;
-                    })(),
-                    {
-                        ...explore,
-                        start: tuple.length - 1,
-                    },
-                    tags,
-                );
-                return ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                    importer.use("rest"),
-                    undefined,
-                    [code],
-                );
-            })();
-            return StringifyJoiner.tuple(children, rest);
-        };
-
-    const decode_atomic =
-        (project: IProject, importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        (
-            input: ts.Expression,
-            type: string,
-            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-            tagList: IMetadataTag[],
-        ) => {
-            if (type === "string")
-                if (tagList.find((tag) => tag.kind === "format") !== undefined)
-                    return [
-                        ts.factory.createStringLiteral('"'),
-                        input,
-                        ts.factory.createStringLiteral('"'),
-                    ].reduce((x, y) => ts.factory.createAdd(x, y));
-                else
-                    return ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                        importer.use("string"),
-                        undefined,
-                        [input],
-                    );
-            else if (
-                type === "number" &&
-                OptionPredicator.numeric(project.options)
-            )
-                input = ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                    importer.use("number"),
-                    undefined,
-                    [input],
-                );
-
-            return explore.from !== "top"
-                ? input
-                : ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                      IdentifierFactory.join(input, "toString"),
-                      undefined,
-                      undefined,
-                  );
-        };
-
-    const decode_constant_string =
-        (project: IProject, importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        (
-            input: ts.Expression,
-            values: string[],
-            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-        ): ts.Expression => {
-            if (values.every((v) => !StringifyPredicator.require_escape(v)))
-                return [
-                    ts.factory.createStringLiteral('"'),
-                    input,
-                    ts.factory.createStringLiteral('"'),
-                ].reduce((x, y) => ts.factory.createAdd(x, y));
-            else
-                return decode_atomic(project, importer)(
-                    input,
-                    "string",
-                    explore,
-                    [],
-                );
-        };
-
-    const decode_to_json =
-        (project: IProject, importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        (
-            input: ts.Expression,
-            resolved: Metadata,
-            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-            tags: IMetadataTag[],
-        ): ts.Expression => {
-            return decode(project, importer)(
-                ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                    IdentifierFactory.join(input, "toJSON"),
-                    undefined,
-                    [],
-                ),
-                resolved,
-                explore,
-                tags,
-            );
-        };
-
-    function decode_functional(explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore) {
-        return explore.from === "array"
-            ? ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null")
-            : ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined");
-    }
-
-    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-        EXPLORERS
-    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-    const explore_arrays = (project: IProject, importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        UnionExplorer.array({
-            checker: IsProgrammer.decode(project, importer),
-            decoder: decode_array(project, importer),
-            empty: ts.factory.createStringLiteral("[]"),
-            success: ts.factory.createTrue(),
-            failure: (input, expected) =>
-                create_throw_error(importer, input, expected),
-        });
-
-    const explore_objects =
-        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        (
-            input: ts.Expression,
-            meta: Metadata,
-            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-        ) => {
-            if (meta.objects.length === 1)
-                return decode_object(importer)(
-                    input,
-                    meta.objects[0]!,
-                    explore,
-                );
-
-            return ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                ts.factory.createIdentifier(`${UNIONERS}${meta.union_index!}`),
-                undefined,
-                [input],
-            );
-        };
-
-    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-        RETURN SCRIPTS
-    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-    function wrap_required(
-        input: ts.Expression,
-        meta: Metadata,
-        explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-    ): (expression: ts.Expression) => ts.Expression {
-        if (meta.required === true && meta.any === false)
-            return (expression) => expression;
-        return (expression) =>
-            ts.factory.createConditionalExpression(
-                ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
-                    ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined"),
-                    input,
-                ),
-                undefined,
-                expression,
-                undefined,
-                explore.from === "array"
-                    ? ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null")
-                    : ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined"),
-            );
-    }
-
-    function wrap_nullable(
-        input: ts.Expression,
-        meta: Metadata,
-    ): (expression: ts.Expression) => ts.Expression {
-        if (meta.nullable === false) return (expression) => expression;
-        return (expression) =>
-            ts.factory.createConditionalExpression(
-                ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
-                    ts.factory.createNull(),
-                    input,
-                ),
-                undefined,
-                expression,
-                undefined,
-                ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null"),
-            );
-    }
-
-    function wrap_functional(
-        input: ts.Expression,
-        meta: Metadata,
-        explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-    ): (expression: ts.Expression) => ts.Expression {
-        if (meta.functional === false) return (expression) => expression;
-        return (expression) =>
-            ts.factory.createConditionalExpression(
-                ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
-                    ts.factory.createStringLiteral("function"),
-                    ValueFactory.TYPEOF(input),
-                ),
-                undefined,
-                expression,
-                undefined,
-                decode_functional(explore),
-            );
-    }
-
-    const iterate = (
-        importer: FunctionImporter,
-        input: ts.Expression,
-        unions: IUnion[],
-        expected: string,
-    ) =>
-        ts.factory.createBlock(
-            [
-                ...unions.map((u) =>
-                    ts.factory.createIfStatement(
-                        u.is(),
-                        ts.factory.createReturnStatement(u.value()),
-                    ),
-                ),
-                create_throw_error(importer, input, expected),
-            ],
-            true,
-        );
-
-    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-        CONFIGURATIONS
-    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-    const FUNCTORS = "$so";
-    const UNIONERS = "$su";
-
-    const CONFIG = (
-        project: IProject,
-        importer: FunctionImporter,
-    ): FeatureProgrammer.IConfig => ({
-        types: {
-            input: (type, name) =>
-                ts.factory.createTypeReferenceNode(
-                    name ?? TypeFactory.getFullName(project.checker, type),
-                ),
-            output: () => TypeFactory.keyword("string"),
-        },
-        functors: FUNCTORS,
-        unioners: UNIONERS,
-        trace: false,
-        path: false,
-        initializer,
-        decoder: decode(project, importer),
-        objector: OBJECTOR(project, importer),
-    });
-
-    const initializer: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig["initializer"] = (
-        { checker },
-        type,
-    ) => {
-        const collection: MetadataCollection = new MetadataCollection();
-        const meta: Metadata = MetadataFactory.generate(
-            checker,
-            collection,
-            type,
-            {
-                resolve: true,
-                constant: true,
-                validate: (meta) => {
-                    if (meta.atomics.find((str) => str === "bigint"))
-                        throw new Error(NO_BIGINT);
-                },
-            },
-        );
-        return [collection, meta];
-    };
-
-    const OBJECTOR = (
-        project: IProject,
-        importer: FunctionImporter,
-    ): FeatureProgrammer.IConfig.IObjector => ({
-        checker: IsProgrammer.decode(project, importer),
-        decoder: decode_object(importer),
-        joiner: StringifyJoiner.object(importer),
-        unionizer: decode_union_object(IsProgrammer.decode_object(importer))(
-            decode_object(importer),
-        )((exp) => exp)((value, expected) =>
-            create_throw_error(importer, value, expected),
-        ),
-        failure: (input, expected) =>
-            create_throw_error(importer, input, expected),
-    });
-
-    function create_throw_error(
-        importer: FunctionImporter,
-        value: ts.Expression,
-        expected: string,
-    ) {
-        return ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
-            ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                importer.use("throws"),
-                [],
-                [
-                    ts.factory.createObjectLiteralExpression(
-                        [
-                            ts.factory.createPropertyAssignment(
-                                "expected",
-                                ts.factory.createStringLiteral(expected),
-                            ),
-                            ts.factory.createPropertyAssignment("value", value),
-                        ],
-                        true,
-                    ),
-                ],
-            ),
-        );
-    }
-}
-
-interface IUnion {
-    type: string;
-    is: () => ts.Expression;
-    value: () => ts.Expression;
-}
-
-const NO_BIGINT = "Error on typia.stringify(): does not allow bigint type.";
+import ts from "typescript";
+
+import { ExpressionFactory } from "../factories/ExpressionFactory";
+import { IdentifierFactory } from "../factories/IdentifierFactory";
+import { MetadataCollection } from "../factories/MetadataCollection";
+import { MetadataFactory } from "../factories/MetadataFactory";
+import { TypeFactory } from "../factories/TypeFactory";
+import { ValueFactory } from "../factories/ValueFactory";
+
+import { IMetadataTag } from "../metadata/IMetadataTag";
+import { Metadata } from "../metadata/Metadata";
+import { MetadataObject } from "../metadata/MetadataObject";
+
+import { IProject } from "../transformers/IProject";
+
+import { Atomic } from "../typings/Atomic";
+
+import { ArrayUtil } from "../utils/ArrayUtil";
+
+import { FeatureProgrammer } from "./FeatureProgrammer";
+import { IsProgrammer } from "./IsProgrammer";
+import { AtomicPredicator } from "./helpers/AtomicPredicator";
+import { FunctionImporter } from "./helpers/FunctionImporeter";
+import { IExpressionEntry } from "./helpers/IExpressionEntry";
+import { OptionPredicator } from "./helpers/OptionPredicator";
+import { StringifyJoiner } from "./helpers/StringifyJoinder";
+import { StringifyPredicator } from "./helpers/StringifyPredicator";
+import { UnionExplorer } from "./helpers/UnionExplorer";
+import { check_native } from "./internal/check_native";
+import { decode_union_object } from "./internal/decode_union_object";
+import { feature_object_entries } from "./internal/feature_object_entries";
+
+export namespace StringifyProgrammer {
+    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+        GENERATORS
+    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+    export function generate(
+        project: IProject,
+        modulo: ts.LeftHandSideExpression,
+    ) {
+        const importer: FunctionImporter = new FunctionImporter();
+        return FeatureProgrammer.generate(
+            project,
+            CONFIG(project, importer),
+            importer,
+            (collection) => {
+                const isFunctors = IsProgrammer.generate_functors(
+                    project,
+                    importer,
+                )(collection);
+                const isUnioners = IsProgrammer.generate_unioners(
+                    project,
+                    importer,
+                )(collection);
+
+                return [
+                    ...importer.declare(modulo),
+                    ...isFunctors.filter((_, i) =>
+                        importer.hasLocal(`$io${i}`),
+                    ),
+                    ...isUnioners.filter((_, i) =>
+                        importer.hasLocal(`$iu${i}`),
+                    ),
+                ];
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+        DECODERS
+    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+    const decode =
+        (project: IProject, importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        (
+            input: ts.Expression,
+            meta: Metadata,
+            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+            tags: IMetadataTag[],
+        ): ts.Expression => {
+            // ANY TYPE
+            if (meta.any === true)
+                return wrap_required(
+                    input,
+                    meta,
+                    explore,
+                )(
+                    wrap_functional(
+                        input,
+                        meta,
+                        explore,
+                    )(
+                        ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                            ts.factory.createIdentifier("JSON.stringify"),
+                            undefined,
+                            [input],
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                );
+
+            // ONLY NULL OR UNDEFINED
+            const size: number = meta.size();
+            if (
+                size === 0 &&
+                (meta.required === false || meta.nullable === true)
+            ) {
+                if (meta.required === false && meta.nullable === true)
+                    return explore.from === "array"
+                        ? ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null")
+                        : ts.factory.createConditionalExpression(
+                              ts.factory.createStrictEquality(
+                                  ts.factory.createNull(),
+                                  input,
+                              ),
+                              undefined,
+                              ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null"),
+                              undefined,
+                              ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined"),
+                          );
+                else if (meta.required === false)
+                    return explore.from === "array"
+                        ? ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null")
+                        : ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined");
+                else return ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null");
+            }
+
+            //----
+            // LIST UP UNION TYPES
+            //----
+            const unions: IUnion[] = [];
+
+            // toJSON() METHOD
+            if (meta.resolved !== null)
+                if (size === 1)
+                    return decode_to_json(project, importer)(
+                        input,
+                        meta.resolved,
+                        explore,
+                        tags,
+                    );
+                else
+                    unions.push({
+                        type: "resolved",
+                        is: () => IsProgrammer.decode_to_json(input, false),
+                        value: () =>
+                            decode_to_json(project, importer)(
+                                input,
+                                meta.resolved!,
+                                explore,
+                                tags,
+                            ),
+                    });
+            else if (meta.functional === true)
+                unions.push({
+                    type: "functional",
+                    is: () => IsProgrammer.decode_functional(input),
+                    value: () => decode_functional(explore),
+                });
+
+            // TEMPLATES
+            if (
+                meta.templates.length ||
+                ArrayUtil.has(meta.constants, (c) => c.type === "string")
+            )
+                if (AtomicPredicator.template(meta)) {
+                    const partial = Metadata.initialize();
+                    partial.atomics.push("string"),
+                        unions.push({
+                            type: "template literal",
+                            is: () =>
+                                IsProgrammer.decode(project, importer)(
+                                    input,
+                                    partial,
+                                    explore,
+                                    [],
+                                    [],
+                                ),
+                            value: () =>
+                                decode_atomic(project, importer)(
+                                    input,
+                                    "string",
+                                    explore,
+                                    tags,
+                                ),
+                        });
+                }
+
+            // CONSTANTS
+            for (const constant of meta.constants)
+                if (AtomicPredicator.constant(meta)(constant.type) === false)
+                    continue;
+                else if (constant.type !== "string")
+                    unions.push({
+                        type: "atomic",
+                        is: () =>
+                            IsProgrammer.decode(project, importer)(
+                                input,
+                                (() => {
+                                    const partial = Metadata.initialize();
+                                    partial.atomics.push(constant.type);
+                                    return partial;
+                                })(),
+                                explore,
+                                [],
+                                [],
+                            ),
+                        value: () =>
+                            decode_atomic(project, importer)(
+                                input,
+                                constant.type,
+                                explore,
+                                tags,
+                            ),
+                    });
+                else if (meta.templates.length === 0)
+                    unions.push({
+                        type: "const string",
+                        is: () =>
+                            IsProgrammer.decode(project, importer)(
+                                input,
+                                (() => {
+                                    const partial = Metadata.initialize();
+                                    partial.atomics.push("string");
+                                    return partial;
+                                })(),
+                                explore,
+                                [],
+                                [],
+                            ),
+                        value: () =>
+                            decode_constant_string(project, importer)(
+                                input,
+                                [...constant.values] as string[],
+                                explore,
+                            ),
+                    });
+
+            /// ATOMICS
+            for (const type of meta.atomics)
+                if (AtomicPredicator.atomic(meta)(type))
+                    unions.push({
+                        type: "atomic",
+                        is: () =>
+                            IsProgrammer.decode(project, importer)(
+                                input,
+                                (() => {
+                                    const partial = Metadata.initialize();
+                                    partial.atomics.push(type);
+                                    return partial;
+                                })(),
+                                explore,
+                                [],
+                                [],
+                            ),
+                        value: () =>
+                            decode_atomic(project, importer)(
+                                input,
+                                type,
+                                explore,
+                                tags,
+                            ),
+                    });
+
+            // TUPLES
+            for (const tuple of meta.tuples) {
+                for (const child of tuple)
+                    if (StringifyPredicator.undefindable(meta))
+                        throw new Error(
+                            `Error on typia.stringify(): tuple cannot contain undefined value - (${child.getName()}).`,
+                        );
+                unions.push({
+                    type: "tuple",
+                    is: () =>
+                        IsProgrammer.decode(project, importer)(
+                            input,
+                            (() => {
+                                const partial = Metadata.initialize();
+                                partial.tuples.push(tuple);
+                                return partial;
+                            })(),
+                            explore,
+                            [],
+                            [],
+                        ),
+                    value: () =>
+                        decode_tuple(project, importer)(
+                            input,
+                            tuple,
+                            explore,
+                            tags,
+                        ),
+                });
+            }
+
+            // ARRAYS
+            if (meta.arrays.length) {
+                for (const child of meta.arrays)
+                    if (StringifyPredicator.undefindable(child))
+                        throw new Error(
+                            `Error on typia.stringify(): array cannot contain undefined value (${child.getName()}).`,
+                        );
+                const value: () => ts.Expression = meta.arrays.some(
+                    (elem) => elem.any,
+                )
+                    ? () =>
+                          ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                              ts.factory.createIdentifier("JSON.stringify"),
+                              undefined,
+                              [input],
+                          )
+                    : () =>
+                          explore_arrays(project, importer)(
+                              input,
+                              meta.arrays,
+                              {
+                                  ...explore,
+                                  from: "array",
+                              },
+                              [],
+                              [],
+                          );
+
+                unions.push({
+                    type: "array",
+                    is: () => ExpressionFactory.isArray(input),
+                    value,
+                });
+            }
+
+            // BUILT-IN CLASSES
+            if (meta.natives.length)
+                for (const native of meta.natives)
+                    unions.push({
+                        type: "object",
+                        is: () => check_native(native)(input),
+                        value: () =>
+                            AtomicPredicator.native(native)
+                                ? decode_atomic(project, importer)(
+                                      input,
+                                      native.toLowerCase() as Atomic.Literal,
+                                      explore,
+                                      tags,
+                                  )
+                                : ts.factory.createStringLiteral("{}"),
+                    });
+
+            // SETS
+            if (meta.sets.length)
+                unions.push({
+                    type: "object",
+                    is: () => ExpressionFactory.isInstanceOf(input, "Set"),
+                    value: () => ts.factory.createStringLiteral("{}"),
+                });
+
+            // MAPS
+            if (meta.maps.length)
+                unions.push({
+                    type: "object",
+                    is: () => ExpressionFactory.isInstanceOf(input, "Map"),
+                    value: () => ts.factory.createStringLiteral("{}"),
+                });
+
+            // OBJECTS
+            if (meta.objects.length)
+                unions.push({
+                    type: "object",
+                    is: () =>
+                        ExpressionFactory.isObject(input, {
+                            checkNull: true,
+                            checkArray: meta.objects.some((obj) =>
+                                obj.properties.every(
+                                    (prop) =>
+                                        !prop.key.isSoleLiteral() ||
+                                        !prop.value.required,
+                                ),
+                            ),
+                        }),
+                    value: () =>
+                        meta.isParentResolved() === false &&
+                        meta.objects.length === 1 &&
+                        meta.objects[0]!._Is_simple()
+                            ? (() => {
+                                  const obj: MetadataObject = meta.objects[0]!;
+                                  const entries: IExpressionEntry<ts.Expression>[] =
+                                      feature_object_entries<ts.Expression>({
+                                          decoder: decode(project, importer),
+                                          trace: false,
+                                          path: false,
+                                      })(importer)(obj)(input);
+                                  return StringifyJoiner.object(importer)(
+                                      input,
+                                      entries,
+                                  );
+                              })()
+                            : explore_objects(importer)(input, meta, {
+                                  ...explore,
+                                  from: "object",
+                              }),
+                });
+
+            //----
+            // RETURNS
+            //----
+            // CHECK NULL AND UNDEFINED
+            const wrapper = (output: ts.Expression) =>
+                wrap_required(
+                    input,
+                    meta,
+                    explore,
+                )(wrap_nullable(input, meta)(output));
+
+            // DIRECT RETURN
+            if (unions.length === 0)
+                return ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                    ts.factory.createIdentifier("JSON.stringify"),
+                    undefined,
+                    [input],
+                );
+            else if (unions.length === 1) return wrapper(unions[0]!.value());
+
+            // RETURN WITH TYPE CHECKING
+            return wrapper(
+                ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                    ts.factory.createArrowFunction(
+                        undefined,
+                        undefined,
+                        [],
+                        undefined,
+                        undefined,
+                        iterate(importer, input, unions, meta.getName()),
+                    ),
+                    undefined,
+                    undefined,
+                ),
+            );
+        };
+
+    const decode_array = (project: IProject, importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        FeatureProgrammer.decode_array(
+            CONFIG(project, importer),
+            importer,
+            StringifyJoiner.array,
+        );
+
+    const decode_object = (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        FeatureProgrammer.decode_object({
+            trace: false,
+            path: false,
+            functors: FUNCTORS,
+        })(importer);
+
+    const decode_tuple =
+        (project: IProject, importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        (
+            input: ts.Expression,
+            tuple: Metadata[],
+            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+            tags: IMetadataTag[],
+        ): ts.Expression => {
+            const children: ts.Expression[] = tuple
+                .filter((elem) => elem.rest === null)
+                .map((elem, index) =>
+                    decode(project, importer)(
+                        ts.factory.createElementAccessExpression(input, index),
+                        elem,
+                        {
+                            ...explore,
+                            from: "array",
+                        },
+                        tags,
+                    ),
+                );
+            const rest = (() => {
+                if (tuple.length === 0) return null;
+                const last = tuple[tuple.length - 1]!;
+                if (last.rest === null) return null;
+
+                const code = decode(project, importer)(
+                    ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                        IdentifierFactory.join(input, "slice"),
+                        undefined,
+                        [ts.factory.createNumericLiteral(tuple.length - 1)],
+                    ),
+                    (() => {
+                        const wrapper: Metadata = Metadata.initialize();
+                        wrapper.arrays.push(tuple[tuple.length - 1]!.rest!);
+                        return wrapper;
+                    })(),
+                    {
+                        ...explore,
+                        start: tuple.length - 1,
+                    },
+                    tags,
+                );
+                return ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                    importer.use("rest"),
+                    undefined,
+                    [code],
+                );
+            })();
+            return StringifyJoiner.tuple(children, rest);
+        };
+
+    const decode_atomic =
+        (project: IProject, importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        (
+            input: ts.Expression,
+            type: string,
+            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+            tagList: IMetadataTag[],
+        ) => {
+            if (type === "string")
+                if (tagList.find((tag) => tag.kind === "format") !== undefined)
+                    return [
+                        ts.factory.createStringLiteral('"'),
+                        input,
+                        ts.factory.createStringLiteral('"'),
+                    ].reduce((x, y) => ts.factory.createAdd(x, y));
+                else
+                    return ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                        importer.use("string"),
+                        undefined,
+                        [input],
+                    );
+            else if (
+                type === "number" &&
+                OptionPredicator.numeric(project.options)
+            )
+                input = ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                    importer.use("number"),
+                    undefined,
+                    [input],
+                );
+
+            return explore.from !== "top"
+                ? input
+                : ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                      IdentifierFactory.join(input, "toString"),
+                      undefined,
+                      undefined,
+                  );
+        };
+
+    const decode_constant_string =
+        (project: IProject, importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        (
+            input: ts.Expression,
+            values: string[],
+            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+        ): ts.Expression => {
+            if (values.every((v) => !StringifyPredicator.require_escape(v)))
+                return [
+                    ts.factory.createStringLiteral('"'),
+                    input,
+                    ts.factory.createStringLiteral('"'),
+                ].reduce((x, y) => ts.factory.createAdd(x, y));
+            else
+                return decode_atomic(project, importer)(
+                    input,
+                    "string",
+                    explore,
+                    [],
+                );
+        };
+
+    const decode_to_json =
+        (project: IProject, importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        (
+            input: ts.Expression,
+            resolved: Metadata,
+            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+            tags: IMetadataTag[],
+        ): ts.Expression => {
+            return decode(project, importer)(
+                ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                    IdentifierFactory.join(input, "toJSON"),
+                    undefined,
+                    [],
+                ),
+                resolved,
+                explore,
+                tags,
+            );
+        };
+
+    function decode_functional(explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore) {
+        return explore.from === "array"
+            ? ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null")
+            : ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined");
+    }
+
+    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+        EXPLORERS
+    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+    const explore_arrays = (project: IProject, importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        UnionExplorer.array({
+            checker: IsProgrammer.decode(project, importer),
+            decoder: decode_array(project, importer),
+            empty: ts.factory.createStringLiteral("[]"),
+            success: ts.factory.createTrue(),
+            failure: (input, expected) =>
+                create_throw_error(importer, input, expected),
+        });
+
+    const explore_objects =
+        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        (
+            input: ts.Expression,
+            meta: Metadata,
+            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+        ) => {
+            if (meta.objects.length === 1)
+                return decode_object(importer)(
+                    input,
+                    meta.objects[0]!,
+                    explore,
+                );
+
+            return ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                ts.factory.createIdentifier(`${UNIONERS}${meta.union_index!}`),
+                undefined,
+                [input],
+            );
+        };
+
+    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+        RETURN SCRIPTS
+    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+    function wrap_required(
+        input: ts.Expression,
+        meta: Metadata,
+        explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+    ): (expression: ts.Expression) => ts.Expression {
+        if (meta.required === true && meta.any === false)
+            return (expression) => expression;
+        return (expression) =>
+            ts.factory.createConditionalExpression(
+                ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
+                    ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined"),
+                    input,
+                ),
+                undefined,
+                expression,
+                undefined,
+                explore.from === "array"
+                    ? ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null")
+                    : ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined"),
+            );
+    }
+
+    function wrap_nullable(
+        input: ts.Expression,
+        meta: Metadata,
+    ): (expression: ts.Expression) => ts.Expression {
+        if (meta.nullable === false) return (expression) => expression;
+        return (expression) =>
+            ts.factory.createConditionalExpression(
+                ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
+                    ts.factory.createNull(),
+                    input,
+                ),
+                undefined,
+                expression,
+                undefined,
+                ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null"),
+            );
+    }
+
+    function wrap_functional(
+        input: ts.Expression,
+        meta: Metadata,
+        explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+    ): (expression: ts.Expression) => ts.Expression {
+        if (meta.functional === false) return (expression) => expression;
+        return (expression) =>
+            ts.factory.createConditionalExpression(
+                ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
+                    ts.factory.createStringLiteral("function"),
+                    ValueFactory.TYPEOF(input),
+                ),
+                undefined,
+                expression,
+                undefined,
+                decode_functional(explore),
+            );
+    }
+
+    const iterate = (
+        importer: FunctionImporter,
+        input: ts.Expression,
+        unions: IUnion[],
+        expected: string,
+    ) =>
+        ts.factory.createBlock(
+            [
+                ...unions.map((u) =>
+                    ts.factory.createIfStatement(
+                        u.is(),
+                        ts.factory.createReturnStatement(u.value()),
+                    ),
+                ),
+                create_throw_error(importer, input, expected),
+            ],
+            true,
+        );
+
+    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+        CONFIGURATIONS
+    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+    const FUNCTORS = "$so";
+    const UNIONERS = "$su";
+
+    const CONFIG = (
+        project: IProject,
+        importer: FunctionImporter,
+    ): FeatureProgrammer.IConfig => ({
+        types: {
+            input: (type, name) =>
+                ts.factory.createTypeReferenceNode(
+                    name ?? TypeFactory.getFullName(project.checker, type),
+                ),
+            output: () => TypeFactory.keyword("string"),
+        },
+        functors: FUNCTORS,
+        unioners: UNIONERS,
+        trace: false,
+        path: false,
+        initializer,
+        decoder: decode(project, importer),
+        objector: OBJECTOR(project, importer),
+    });
+
+    const initializer: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig["initializer"] = (
+        { checker },
+        type,
+    ) => {
+        const collection: MetadataCollection = new MetadataCollection();
+        const meta: Metadata = MetadataFactory.generate(
+            checker,
+            collection,
+            type,
+            {
+                resolve: true,
+                constant: true,
+                validate: (meta) => {
+                    if (meta.atomics.find((str) => str === "bigint"))
+                        throw new Error(NO_BIGINT);
+                },
+            },
+        );
+        return [collection, meta];
+    };
+
+    const OBJECTOR = (
+        project: IProject,
+        importer: FunctionImporter,
+    ): FeatureProgrammer.IConfig.IObjector => ({
+        checker: IsProgrammer.decode(project, importer),
+        decoder: decode_object(importer),
+        joiner: StringifyJoiner.object(importer),
+        unionizer: decode_union_object(IsProgrammer.decode_object(importer))(
+            decode_object(importer),
+        )((exp) => exp)((value, expected) =>
+            create_throw_error(importer, value, expected),
+        ),
+        failure: (input, expected) =>
+            create_throw_error(importer, input, expected),
+    });
+
+    function create_throw_error(
+        importer: FunctionImporter,
+        value: ts.Expression,
+        expected: string,
+    ) {
+        return ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
+            ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                importer.use("throws"),
+                [],
+                [
+                    ts.factory.createObjectLiteralExpression(
+                        [
+                            ts.factory.createPropertyAssignment(
+                                "expected",
+                                ts.factory.createStringLiteral(expected),
+                            ),
+                            ts.factory.createPropertyAssignment("value", value),
+                        ],
+                        true,
+                    ),
+                ],
+            ),
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+interface IUnion {
+    type: string;
+    is: () => ts.Expression;
+    value: () => ts.Expression;
+}
+
+const NO_BIGINT = "Error on typia.stringify(): does not allow bigint type.";